MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by sevensor | 2025-05-28 19:19:01+00:00
Challenge accepted.

from dataclasses import dataclass from typing import Protocol, Self, TypeVar class Semigroup(Protocol): def __add__(self, other: Self) -> Self: ... T = TypeVar("T", bound=Semigroup) def join_stuff(first: T, *rest: T) -> T: accum = first for x in rest: accum += x return accum @dataclass class C: x: int @dataclass class D: x: int def __add__(self, other: Self) -> Self: return type(self)(self.x + other.x) @dataclass class E: x: int def __add__(self, other: Self) -> Self: return type(self)(self.x + other.x) _: type[Semigroup] = D _ = E def doit() -> None: print(join_stuff(1,2,3)) print(join_stuff((1,), tuple(), (2,))) print(join_stuff("a", "b", "c")) print(join_stuff(D(1), D(2))) print(join_stuff(D(1), 3)) print(D(1) + 3) # caught by mypy print(D(1) + E(3)) # caught by mypy print(join_stuff(1,2,"a")) # Not caught by mypy print(join_stuff(C(1), C(2))) # caught by mypy doit()

Now, this doesn't quite work to my satisfaction. Mypy lets you freely mix and match values of incompatible types, and I don't know how to fix that. Basically, if you directly try to add a D and an int, mypy will yell at you, but there's no way I've found to insist that the arguments to join_stuff, in addition to being Semigroups, are all of the compatible types. It looks like mypy is checking join_stuff as if Semigroup were a concrete class, so once you're inside join_stuff, the actual types of the arguments become irrelevant.

However, it will correctly tell you that it can't accept arguments that don't define addition at all, and that's better than nothing.
by ddtaylor | 2025-05-28 19:19:16+00:00
> Generate fucked up shit without restrictions? No, that already exists and is not relevant IMO. My comment has nothing to do with what kind of content you generate.

The USA in specific has had a similar problem before with encryption being classified as a munition making very problematic to import or export encryption. That's actually pretty well documented in various pieces of Java code from Sun if you're curious, because different algorithms could not be part of the JRE/JDK that was distributed publicly.

Your mention of "highly centralized billion dollar compute operations" is actually related to the training of the models not the inference. Doing inference for many of these models is readily available at modest consumer hardware availability. There are many different ways to break up models (MoE) etc. The notion that you need a large super computer to do inference is unfounded.

Also, as a reminder, cryptocurrency mining has already proven this to be a thing. Some stay above ground, some go to geopolitical areas for shelter and some stay underground entirely.

For your entertainment I will also include a more simplified play-by-play of how this can play out in the near future:

1. OpenAI or some other USA based AI company continues to get outplayed by foreign models (Qwen, Deepseek)

2. Company cries to government

3. Government does a similar munitions or tariff to what we saw with encryption. Requires at the least anyone wanting to use AI gets one from the good boy list etc.

Now you either (a) use only AI from the good boy list and get outplayed in the global marketplace where our main export is global technology or (b) start acting like a Chinese citizen and using a VPN to access AI services not available only on the approved good boy list.

I will stop here because the rest is already very well documented with how this progresses and you get the same result as the darknet marketplaces (DNM). DNS censorship for AI services not on the good boy list. DNS censorship and legal pressure for VPNs that allow non-good-boy-list services, etc.

Why wouldn't someone change a few .com endpoints to .onion and keep it moving while you send some coin to a wallet?
by taurath | 2025-05-28 19:19:17+00:00
Too early to tell - usually they'll settle on something with a balance of those main values. If matrix is truly the new IRC then perhaps that, though it doesn't seem mature enough yet and it seems like it might be costly if one needs to host non-text content. Furries contain both highly technical people and also very low-tech artists so any platform that requires a lot of maintenance can be a non-starter. Signal seems like privacy over expression. Maybe this is the time that they'll make their own.
by astroimagery | 2025-05-28 19:19:33+00:00
Some poor astrophotgraphers in the US can blame not themselves but the Chinese Government for ruining their astro pictures! What happened was that there was a streak of light in the skies over parts of the US on a Saturday night about a week ago. Why? Because they launched the Zhuque-2E rocket to put 6 satellites into space. They decided to dump the fuel and this caused the photo busting light to spoil so many of those beautiful shots that take hours to create. Some photographers actually just looked up and enjoyed the spectacle above. It's getting harder to photograph the night sky! We're battling light pollution increase, Musk's satellites and now China's fuel...what next?
by FredPret | 2025-05-28 19:19:56+00:00
> Thank you. This is all that needs to be said on this subject.

No? There are tons of completely insane things happening in SA, and much that needs to be said and done. If you're saying the minimum threshold for caring about what happens in other countries is actual genocide, then I disagree with you.

People have been incorrectly calling this a genocide for a long time, which is why the PDF from Genocide Watch dates back to 2015.

On the right you have people trying to make this even worse than it is, and on the left you have people trying to ignore it, or minimize it.
by munksbeer | 2025-05-28 19:20:05+00:00
> Bitcoin is money for enemies. If my enemy and I can transact in an adversarial environment without relying on some subjective truth, this is valuable.

What are you transacting? Ultimately, you're going to be transacting in a real world "thing", rather than just something on the chain. So you haven't actually solved anything, there is still a layer of trust involved. You still rely on your enemy to either make the transaction after you deliver the "thing", or you rely on your enemy to deliver the "thing" after you make the transaction.

Sure, you can stand there with guns to heads, but then you could just do it in cash, no need for bitcoin.
by ausbah | 2025-05-28 19:20:09+00:00
people are hugely dependent on private sector companies as well. sure the financial impacts are passed onto the capital owners, but those are passed onto consumers in most cases no? i dont see a huge difference here

also the wage differences between tech and a public service worker is laughable. if you underpay in a high pressure environment, of course they won’t care. we get what we pay for with publicly owned utilities
by allturtles | 2025-05-28 19:20:23+00:00
> My job isn’t replaced because coding is not my job — it’s solving domain specific problems?

I would wonder why you are so complacent as to think next year's models won't be able to solve domain-specific problems? Look at how bad text generation, code generation, audio generation, image generation was five years ago versus how capable it is today. Video generation wasn't even conceivable then.

As an equally middle-aged person with children I'm less worried about myself than the next generation. What are people still in school right now, with dreams of being architects or lawyers or artists or writers or doctors or podcasters or youtubers, actually going to do with their lives? How will they find satisfaction in a job well done? How will they make money and feed and house themselves?
by theogravity | 2025-05-28 19:21:05+00:00
I think FusionAuth does something similar. They have a global user, and uses the notion of tenants / application registrations (which I think is comparable to a Tesseral Organization) to segment the same user.

Then you can define applications (which are mapped 1:1 to tenants) where a user has a registration entry against that application, where a user can be referenced by their global user id, or application-specific user id.

Applications are OAuth2 applications (meaning a dedicated client id / secret), so we only create a single application and tenant, and maintain organization segmentation on our own application / db side instead.

(We're paying customers of FusionAuth. Anyone from FusionAuth, feel free to correct me.)
by Jun8 | 2025-05-28 19:21:25+00:00
This wall is usually referred to as Wall of Chinggis, although it has nothing to do with Genghis Khan. Here’s another paper from Nature about it: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-0524-2.

Here’s an interesting link that gives place names so you can look up the wall on Google maps (not much to see): https://www.escapetomongolia.com/blog/wall-of-chinggis-in-do.... According to it the wall starts at Bayan-Adarga (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayan-Adarga,_Khentii) and continues to Gurvanzagal (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurvanzagal).
by AStonesThrow | 2025-05-28 19:21:44+00:00
Okay, so what's the Western Wall in Jerusalem for?

wall(8) (previously invoked from /bin) is a Unix command to "write all", and wall used to emit a humorous error message, which IIRC was output when you provided no text to send as a message:

But what do you want to do with the wall?

And I believe this was, in turn, a reference to adventure games like Infocom's, where the parser may detect that you typed a recognized noun without a verb in front, like "hit wall" or "push wall" and give exactly the same message as a prompt to include a verb.
by homefree | 2025-05-28 19:22:16+00:00
Cultural failure - I thought Alex Karp's recent book was pretty good and worth reading. It makes the case that our culture has failed to articulate the things that make the west great (and worth defending) and as a result it's creating a lot of political and cultural problems. https://www.amazon.com/Technological-Republic-Power-Belief-F...

Religion (particularly Judeo-Christian) has a lot of issues with empirical historical / scientific claims, but one thing it was good at is it's culturally adaptive. A lot of the cultural tooling and support it provided both with community and with some of the core cultural ideas around family and children - life purpose and direction are probably good things for most people. Secularism does this pretty poorly for the average person and what people substitute for what's missing is often much worse.
by duped | 2025-05-28 19:22:24+00:00
Yes that's small, it's also incorrect. The correct thing is to recognize PATH_MAX can't be defined by the kernel or in limits.h, so what you're seeing is a hint and not the actual limit.

"Not small" is "limited only by resource constraints." Software often breaks when it hits large (but correct!) paths even though there's no technical limitation to using them, and valid ways to construct them, even if POSIX APIs are required by spec to fail for some valid paths because of arbitrary limits.

Linux is actually pretty good about ignoring unnecessary error conditions even if it violates the spec, other unixes not so much.
by pantalaimon | 2025-05-28 19:22:37+00:00
Fascinating stuff! What seems a bit far fetched is that idea that black holes create new universes and in doing so somehow transfer some cosmological constants over.

Is there anything that supports this? That is what the whole 'evolutionary universe' theory hinges on in the end. It certainly is a convenient explanation for the anthropic principle, but if any black hole however small it may be creates a universe - where do these universes go?

The early direct collapse black holes responsible for the formation of galaxies and structure of the universe are certainly more easily digestible.
by magicalhippo | 2025-05-28 19:22:39+00:00
My company has a cabin us employees can use. Only thing we have to do is reserve it and clean up before we leave.

Cleanliness has been a huge source of frustration, as you say there's a huge chasm between what some people considers "clean enough".

And that's not sharing it at the same time, like in a community home...
by KoolKat23 | 2025-05-28 19:23:03+00:00
https://www.eircode.ie/

This is Ireland's postal code system. There's a small level of privacy built in, specific to an address (many taxi drivers ask for this) and 7 digits long. Web forms use it too, so quite common in normal life.

Surprisingly the postal service, An Post, don't use the postal code as their primary way to direct mail (as far as I understand) .
by toomuchtodo | 2025-05-28 19:23:31+00:00
Related:

X-Change: The Race to the Top: Cleantech competition between China, Europe, and the United States - https://rmi.org/insight/x-change-the-race-to-the-top/ - 2024

https://rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Xchange-regions-l...
by ryandrake | 2025-05-28 19:23:38+00:00
I can't even agree with one spouse about a lot of these things, let alone a bunch of co-parents from different walks of life, in some sort of community house. No way that's going to work. I would not be able to even deal with having my own parents live with us and "help" with our kid. While I love them, the things they consider important about child-raising are not all compatible with the things I consider important and I am certain we would clash all the time.
by hombre_fatal | 2025-05-28 19:23:42+00:00
I find that my bottleneck with LLMs on a real project is reviewing their code, QAing it, and, if it's novel code, integrating it into my own mental model of how the code works so that I can deliberately extend it in a maintainable way.

The latter is so expensive that I still write most code myself, or I'll integrate LLM code into the codebase myself.

I've used parallel Claude Code agents to do chore work for me.

But I'd be curious about examples of tasks that people find best for OP's level of parallelization.
by chaosbolt | 2025-05-28 19:23:45+00:00
>Bitcoin didn’t seem more than an intellectual exercise when it was introduced.

I don't know sure it's a little more than that but barely, it does solve a problem (the banks being centralized and censorship prone etc.) but another way ti solve that problem would've been to change the financial system.

>Facebook seemed like a way to stalk college students.

It's not even that, people are more lonely than ever despite Facebook.

>HN seemed like an alternative to Reddit.

It's not?

>An iPad seemed like a dumbed-down laptop.

An iPad is literally a dumbed down laptop, has the same chip as a macbook, but a totally different dumbed down OS to not affect macbook sales.

>Smartphones seemed like a desktop computer in your pocket.

They're less than that in most ways except for select use cases.

I mean sure be optimistic but those examples aren't the best.
by spicybbq | 2025-05-28 19:24:19+00:00
Reported in 2023 in the WSJ:

https://archive.is/cgNcI

The city of Magnolia is about 30 miles west of Smackover, and both cities lie within the so-called Smackover lithium formation.

Companies are working on exploiting these resources. Lately, they are trying to determine what royalty payments should go to impacted landowners:

https://arkansasadvocate.com/2025/05/27/latest-lithium-royal...
by bre1010 | 2025-05-28 19:24:47+00:00
I really enjoyed this essay. I'm just a cosmology bystander/hobbyist, but your takedown of the dark matter hypotheses was very appealing to me. I was shocked when I got to the section where you talk about all these macro-scale simulations using only dark matter. It's like an ouroboros of cosmological theories eating themselves, totally disconnected from reality. And relates to one of my favorite quotes that "simulations are doomed to succeed". I don't understand physics well enough to really understand black hole jets, but it feels like an elegant theory and I hope you're able to take it somewhere.

This was my first time hearing about the idea of universes producing children inside of black holes that may have slightly different physical properties. This is also really cool and interesting, but clearly a different level of theoretical compared to your first half about the black hole jets. I haven't had time to delve into any of your links, but it seems like you skipped over explaining how a universe would form inside a black hole in the first place. I saw in the comments on substack that someone pointed out the concept of "black hole electrons" and it's like, yeah, if we don't know what's going on inside black holes, then why couldn't they be their own universes? And if that's the case for black holes, then why not also electrons, or protons, or any other sufficiently dense and mysterious object? But then again why would we suppose that another universe would necessarily form inside those things? I'm curious if you could expand on what you think the mechanism would be for universe formation, as well as what you think the mechanism would be for variation/heredity in the child universes.
by sdenton4 | 2025-05-28 19:24:53+00:00
I believe scraping is generally ok - there's actual trademark law about trademarks, which is why you got a c+d about trademark usage, instead of a general 'stop what you're doing we don't like it' c+d.

A good point of comparison is steam db (and other similar sites), which uses Steam public info to triangulate market info that isn't immediately apparent.

https://steamdb.info/
by righthand | 2025-05-28 19:25:06+00:00
> In the same way that a reality where we have things like bulldozers, printing presses, looms, and a cotton gin doesn't actually suck, at the end of the day.

So you’re allowed that type of rhetoric, but when I use it, it’s lazy.

My point has been that it sucks, now. Right now, it’s hysterical on both sides of the conversation. So yes it sucks. In the grand scheme of things it may not suck or it could get even worse. Again one side of the conversation is choosing to promote only one of those ideas. Even though there is no evidence we will end up in a utopia from it. In fact there’s a lot of evidence to the contrary. So yes the conversation sucks. The reality right now sucks.
by dividefuel | 2025-05-28 19:25:48+00:00
Among average people, it seems there's widespread understanding that things are collectively getting worse. The next 50 years are more likely to bring turmoil than prosperity, with climate change, AI, and political instability all getting worse every year.

Meanwhile, day-to-day improvements don't seem that beneficial. Sure the Internet is all around us and it is a powerful tool, but it's also led to a lot of social unhappiness. Even the tools that have been part of society for a long time feel cheaper and more fragile than ever.
by petercooper | 2025-05-28 19:25:48+00:00
I imagine many people find it tricky enough to live with their own kin, but we have lots of mechanisms to generally make it work that don't really work with broader groups of people (e.g. marriage, societal expectations, judgment by broader family/in-laws, intimate relationships). It doesn't sound like the people in the article live in the very same living space, but there's a fine line between "close-knit community" and "living together."
by hooverd | 2025-05-28 19:26:02+00:00
Dang. So an IdP + SCIM? From an IAM team perspective I rather dislike having IdPs being the source of truth for authz, because you're embedding a lot of application specific logic in a second location. It can't be worse than Shibboleth. I think there's a niche out there for a better IDM but it's a very unsexy space.
by voilavilla | 2025-05-28 19:26:16+00:00
The bell-curve meme popular on reddit showing both extremes using the same solution, while the "average" cries, is dead on.

OP is on the right path: think before you code.

One of the neat things about being in the last few years of my career (started in 1988) is how the tools change. I'm a senior principal software architect at a large-ish company. And I don't write a single line of code. I write everything in Visio, Word, and PowerPoint (and sometimes PlantUML). As you move up the abstraction ladder the tools become simpler. I define architectures that will deploy into 10-year lifespan applications (think military, medical, and automotive tier-1), and the code that implements it--or even the language used--has absolutely zero impact on the architecture. Mostly C and C++ (went through an Ada period, too), and some of it might even be implemented in Rust over the next few years as it matures into the automotive world, but when you're high enough up, the implementation is irrelevant.

What matters are the building blocks, the apis, and most importantly, the encapsulation because that has an impact on the silicon, security, manufacturing, and test. Stuff that can be drawn and explained in a few slides, and not the code itself. (Of course, my lovely boxes have to be able to withstand upstream discoveries of flaws in the architecture, but that's the fun part!)
by toomuchtodo | 2025-05-28 19:26:27+00:00
Protip: Ask for hold at location. Downside, you must drive to the facility. Upside, less hassle than if package is pirated.

https://www.ups.com/us/en/track/change-delivery

https://www.fedex.com/en-us/shipping/hold-at-location.html
by dragonwriter | 2025-05-28 19:26:58+00:00
> bluesky uniquely hates AI. very toxic around it.

Not unique at all; AI hate to the point of viewing it as literally the destruction of civilization warranting being stopped by any means is extremely common on Twitter.

If there's anything unique about Bluesky’s anti-AI culture is that the opposite extreme of AI grifters hasn't moved to Bluesky in numbers that provide the balance of nuttiness that Twitter provides.
by scyclow | 2025-05-28 19:28:02+00:00
This is a very strange scenario you're describing where: a) the global economy has moved onto the blockchain; b) the government has repealed all the major points of the legislation that we were originally talking about; c) the government has also exhibited complete dictatorial control over the logic of the major stablecoins, and banned all of the functionality that makes them actually useful; d) people decide not to use the blockchain's native token to settle transactions for some reason.

Remember, issuers want people to use stablecoins because they get to invest the funds in treasuries and hold onto the interest. If everything is blacklisted then no one will want to use them and the issuer won't make any money.
by zzzeek | 2025-05-28 19:28:07+00:00
the short answer from my immediate experience seems to be that people just dont get along with each other these days. Our relationships with other parents in our town must remain as shallow as possible because once there are obligations to be shared in any way (simple obligations like "we said we'd all get together on tuesday" which means all those people have to either show up or cancel ahead of time, bonus points for keeping the engagement even if something "more fun" comes up 5 minutes before the event) everything seems to fall apart. Your new dog bit my dog because I was sharing a snack with him? No, we're not going to "work it out" and train our dogs together, we're going to instead "dont ever speak to me again or let me ever see that dog in the same place I'm walking mine again." This is how people are.

Putting all these folks into a "shared community" that actually codifies the obligation for everyone to work together....Well you'd need to get a very special group of people to pull that off and even then, im sure the falling outs are pretty awful nonetheless.