MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by hibikir | 2025-05-08 21:40:20+00:00
But we got here step by step, as other interesting use cases came up by using somewhat less compute. Image recognition, early forms of image generation, AlphaGo, AlphaZero for chess. All earlier forms of deep neural networks that are much more reasonable than training a top of the line LLM today, but seemed expensive at the time. And ultimately a lot of this also comes from the hardware advancements and the math advancements. If you took classes neural networks in the 1990s, you'd notice that they mostly talked about 1 or 2 hidden layers, and not all that much focus on the math to train large networks, precisely because of how daunting the compute costs were for anything that wasn't a toy. But then came video card hardware, and improvements to use it to do gradient descent, making going past silly 3 layer networks somewhat reasonable.

Every bet makes perfect sense after you consider how promising the previous one looked, and how much cheaper the compute was getting. Imagine being tasked to train an LLM in 1995: All the architectural knowledge we have today and a state-level mandate would not have gotten all that far. Just the amount of fast memory that we put to bear wouldn't have been viable until relatively recently.
by gond | 2025-05-08 21:40:33+00:00
Not at all. Here is an analogy: A car is a system which brings you from point A to B. No part of the car can bring you from point A to B. Not the seats, the wheels, not the frame, not even the motor. If you put the motor on a table, it won’t move one bit. The car, as a system, however does. The emergent property of a car, seen as a system, is that it brings you from one location to another.

A system is the product of the interaction of its parts. It is not the sum of the behaviour of its parts. If a system does not exhibit some form of emergent behaviour, it is not a system, but something else. Maybe an assembly.
by golergka | 2025-05-08 21:40:36+00:00
He made a lot of clients very happy with the products they bought. Products that are not just small gimmicks, but something they use every day as their main drivers in work and personal lives. And yes, since we've seen Apple with and without him twice already, there's enough information to suggest it was his personal effect.

So is being asshole to a few thousand employees worse or better than improving life of tens of millions (at least) with great products that they use everyday? Not an easy question to answer. But it's certainly not just about money and shareholder value.
by throw310822 | 2025-05-08 21:41:39+00:00
Well then, if organised religion has no sway on people's beliefs and actions, we can as well close the whole show and send home all those priests, bishops and cardinals, imams and mullahs, rabbis and brahmins, etc. etc.

The Pope, like most leaders, is not someone who has absolute power on what others should think and do; but is someone who can exercise a force of attraction in a specific direction. And he is very likely to have a stronger ability to attract and influence Americans because of his origins.
by michaelt | 2025-05-08 21:41:58+00:00
> They flew the entire team to the US, put them up in expensive hotels for a few days and flew them all back. They calculated that the cost of that was three times their annual budget.

Are you sure about that?

Let's say every employee gets a $1000 round trip flight, plus $2000 for 4 nights in a decent hotel, a total of $3000 per head. Are you telling me that employee is paid $1000 a year or less?
by jenadine | 2025-05-08 21:42:01+00:00
According to https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Japan , Japan had about 300 TWh of nuclear for a year at the time of the accident. So $180 billion amount to $0.6/kWh over a year if I'm not mistaken. Not cheap. But if you spread over a few decades then that's reasonable.
by casey2 | 2025-05-08 21:42:02+00:00
>talk Cuttlefish don't talk. As far as we know the only species of animal capable of language are Humans. When people hear "talk" "communication" they believe it implies transmission of messages containing meaning through conscious thought. But for all other animals there is no evidence that either the sender nor the recipient generate or receive this meaning consciously.

In this universe humans are likely at the lowest level of consciousness.
by dragonwriter | 2025-05-08 21:42:56+00:00
> Wait what am I missing? Catholic priests who were married before becoming priests is a thing.

Since, IIRC, the 1200s (may be off by a couple centuries), there has been a practice (not a doctrine) prohibiting ordination of married men in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church.

Because this is a prohibition but not a doctrinal invalidity, it does not invalidate otherwise-valid ordinations (i.e., by Bishops holding valid apostolic succession), and the prohibition was never applied to the Eastern Churches that were at the time (Inthink the Maronite Church was) or later came into union with Rome. There is also now a special exception allowing (with individual permission, not automatically) married Anglican priests who convert to Catholicism and are otherwise eligible for ordination as Catholic priests to be ordained in the Latin Rite despite being married. So it is possible to encounter married priests in the Latin Rite (Western) Catholic Church, but the door is not generally open to married men becoming priests.
by bognition | 2025-05-08 21:43:43+00:00
Have you installed the Claude cli tool?

Think of it as an LLM that automagically pulls in context from your working directory and can directly make changes to files.

So rather than pasting code and a prompt into ChatGPT and then copy and pasting the results back into your editor, you tell Claude what you want and it does it for you.

It’s a convenient, powerful, and expensive wrapper
by unsupp0rted | 2025-05-08 21:44:02+00:00
That sounds like semantics.

If putting together a bunch of X's in a jar always makes the jar go Y, then is Y an emergent property?

Or we need to better understand why a bunch of X's in a jar do that, and then the property isn't emergent anymore, but rather the natural outcome of well-understood X's in a well-understood jar.
by incanus77 | 2025-05-08 21:44:04+00:00
I first learned about the ability to apply for custom aliases at my university after noticing a guy I knew didn't have the usual pattern — first 5 of last name, first name initial, and nothing or else numbers 2+ depending upon your order in line. So I was 'millej3'.

Then I thought about the guy's name: D___ Hoover.

He had applied for, and got, 'hoover'.
by nthingtohide | 2025-05-08 21:45:59+00:00
What do you think about this analogy?

A simple process produces a Mandelbrot set. A simple process (loss minimization through gradient descent) produces LLMs. So what plays the role of 2D-plane or dense point grid in the case of LLMs? It is the embeddings, (or ordered combinations of embeddings ) which are generated after pre-training. In case of a 2D plan, the closeness between two points is determined by our numerical representation schema. But in case of embeddings, we learn the 2D-grid of words (playing the role of points) by looking at how the words are getting used in corpus

The following is a quote from Yuri Manin, an eminent Mathematician.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNzZt0QHj9U Of the properties of mathematics, as a language, the most peculiar one is that by playing formal games with an input mathematical text, one can get an output text which seemingly carries new knowledge. The basic examples are furnished by scientific or technological calculations: general laws plus initial conditions produce predictions, often only after time-consuming and computer-aided work. One can say that the input contains an implicit knowledge which is thereby made explicit.

I have a related idea which I picked up from somewhere which mirrors the above observation.

When we see beautiful fractals generated by simple equations and iterative processes, we give importance to only the equations, not to the cartesian grid on which that process operates.
by philjohnson | 2025-05-08 21:46:11+00:00
Thanks! It's not on GitHub because I don't desire for it to be redistributed by others. I will be releasing a downloadable desktop version (as a Progressive Web App) with even more features for a nominal one time payment. It makes the most sense to do it this way because having some monetization is good motivation to keep improving the product, while people still getting the benefits of running it completely locally.

Besides, most people working with PDFs aren't developers who wouldn't be able to host it locally on their own.
by purpleidea | 2025-05-08 21:46:54+00:00
Bill Gates has done more harm to software and innovation than anyone in history.

He's a bad dude, and the only reason he does all this is so that waiters don't spit in his food at fancy restaurants.

The world suffers under the crippling weight of proprietary M$ Windoze everywhere, and we're far worse off because of it.

Want to help, donate money to support Free Software projects with strong copyleft licenses.
by dzhiurgis | 2025-05-08 21:48:03+00:00
IMO they are not moving fast enough. Some features like grok haven’t delivered yet, tho ideas been around for ages. Tons of improvements left to do.

With CT it kinda obvious autosteer makes little sense to develop when most people are getting FSD with it. Also FSD needs a price drop and it’s likely biggest lever Tesla has.
by crest | 2025-05-08 21:48:21+00:00
The primary purpose of the NIF is to maintain the US nuclear stockpile without nuclear tests. The lasers very inefficient (iirc about 2%). The success they claimed is that the energy released by the burning plasma exceeds the laser energy put into the fuel capsule. Since NIF was never intended to be a power plant they don't use the most efficient lasers.
by tremon | 2025-05-08 21:48:30+00:00
You have a very uninformed view of parliamentary systems if you think the US is in any way close to that.

- in parliamentary systems, minister posts are assigned to elected representatives. There is no prime minister that can just gift their buddies a ministerial post if they weren't elected into parliament.

- most parliaments have an upper and lower house, and prime ministers usually only control the lower.

- the prime minister itself is not directly elected into that post, which means they have no greater authority than any other member of parliament save for the authority granted by their peers. That puts a big damper on many dictatorial aspirations.
by Workaccount2 | 2025-05-08 21:49:43+00:00
The challenge there would be showing that humans have this thing called intelligence. You yourself are just outputting ephemeral actions that rise out of your subconscious. We have no idea what that system feeding our output looks like (except it's some kind of organic neural net) and hence there isn't really a basis for discriminating what is and isn't intelligent besides "if it solves problems, it has some degree of intelligence"
by Volundr | 2025-05-08 21:50:06+00:00
Can you speak more about which ones and how that happened? The main one that comes to my mind is the British monarchy (to the extent that they don't really have much power), and my general impression (not a historian) is that that's a bit of a fluke. Looking at the French and American Revolutions, they sort of realized that their necks might stay better attached if they gave some ground. I'm not sure the monarchy being a participant in it's own reform is really applicable.
by WorldMaker | 2025-05-08 21:50:09+00:00
Attestations are "Enterprise-grade" specs that mostly only impact "Enterprise Passkeys".

Apple has made it very clear that they will never support Attestation on consumer hardware. So long as Apple is a leader in consumer hardware, consumer apps can't rely on any sort of cryptographically-signed Attestation data being meaningful.

> I don’t know what a “relying party” is, so I’m not sure exactly what this threat entails.

This is most of what is wrong with your argument, I think. "Relying Party" is just fancy security lingo for "website or app that accepts Passkeys" (someone that relies on a passkey, as opposed to provides one), as in any or all of them. There's no "spec" for blocking clients. What you saw wasn't really a "threat" that a banhammer might come down. There's just the million different ways that websites can implement them, and some of them may reject Passkeys without certain metadata or attestations. But you will find out quickly on sign up with that key. It's kind of like some websites blocking passwords without a symbol in them and others don't care if you like symbols or not.

That said, it's also a lot like blocking users based on User Agent string. It's a wild west out there of different mixtures of metadata and/or attestation, some Passkeys just outright lie or pretend to be like the key of someone else. Apple has made it clear their consumer-grade Passkeys send the bare minimum and not much else. If a website wants to support average iOS users, they can't rely on any fingerprinting from Attestations and they have a bare minimum of other key data.

But there will be (already are) "Enterprise-Grade solutions" from companies like Microsoft and Google that want to keep corporate networks "extra secure" and will require you to use Genuine Microsoft Passkeys for Enterprise 2025 Edition Pro or Google Workspace Passkey Manager for Google Authenticator on Android Ultra Secure.

It wasn't a "threat", I don't think, it was an acknowledgement that things are complicated.

Also complicated, the "threat" wasn't even directly about Enterprise-grade (cryptographic) Attestations but the "Passkeys can be both first and second factor and Passkeys can claim that they did that" feature. It's mostly a simple boolean field "checked the user had a second factor" and the open source tools can mostly just lie and there is no way to cryptographically verify that. Apple does lie the other direction (so far as I've seen, Passkeys always use the biometric unlock on iOS, but the keys themselves don't state that they did). It is part of both sides of the ongoing debate about whether or not Passkeys count as one or two factors, websites are making both choices today, and no one can agree, and the spec doesn't help and can't actually threaten anyone to comply with "my Passkeys are always two factor".
by anon291 | 2025-05-08 21:50:12+00:00
No it's the opposite. The eastern churches are very thread bare. Catholics have icons statues and every other kind of art whereas the eastern church went through iconoclasm. A lot of the eastern stuff today is due to influence from the west. This is especially true of the eastern Catholics.

For example, the Kerala church was so against statues and images that basically all the art we have from them are crosses. This was characteristic of the church of the east. The eastern Orthodox went through iconoclasms and some even have issues with statues still.
by nadavc | 2025-05-08 21:50:15+00:00
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The role: help us build the platform that scales OpenRewrite to more than a billion lines of code. You need to have significant experience in the JVM ecosystem and a passion for building products that developers love.

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by orochimaaru | 2025-05-08 21:50:18+00:00
You could always buy a Linux laptop or an android tablet. Tablets and smartphones is where windows lost. Those devices far outnumber PCs. Your complaint about windows is old. You have options to not use it today.

Now he did lose my trust and that’s because of two things:

1. His association with Epstein. It is documented and quite possibly the reason for his divorce.

2. His trust made controversial deals during Covid. The poorer countries wanted the formula so that they could scale up production themselves. However, the gates foundation supported the patent on the vaccines instead and had themselves and middlemen to arbitrate price on the supply
by mbo | 2025-05-08 21:50:36+00:00
Rate Your Music has a famously divisive UI which would send the userbase into open revolt if ever changed. Primary examples:

An artist page: https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/stereolab

An album page: https://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/stereolab/dots-and-l...

I personally adore it - RYM is permanently open on my 3rd monitor throughout the work day as I churn through new music.
by smnrg | 2025-05-08 21:50:38+00:00
Many Italian newspapers (example: IlPost) and, I suspect, many non-US media, report this as “the second American Pope, the first from the USA.”

Which, I think, is fair, as South and Latin are also America. And so is Canada. And so was Francis.

But I usually find it a hard concept to convey to my fellow local USsians.
by pclmulqdq | 2025-05-08 21:51:26+00:00
Unfortunately, if you look at the situation with type 2, you will see what happens when OPV stops too early (and type 2 is a much less aggressive disease than type 1). In a perfect world, OPV cessation happens in most healthy communities rather soon, while the people who are in need of a much stronger vaccine continue to get OPV.

Also, Gates's pet project of a novel OPV has been shown to have caused a few confirmed cases of VAPP now, so it seems that project won't save OPV.

Essentially the best hope for eradicating polio within 20 years seems to be giving out a lot of OPV to places like Afghanistan and the DRC and forcing the local warlord to give it to the kids who need it (the latter has generally been a total failure of the Gates project). Once OPV gets wild-type and cVDPV outbreaks under control, a global switch to IPV seems safe to prevent future outbreaks. But, to get there, it seems a very aggressive OPV campaign is necessary compared to where we are now. It may take a militarized organization to do this, also, given the fact that you necessarily have to deal with tribal warlords. Shame we don't have USAID any more...

We aren't going to do that because it seems we generally aren't capable of doing that. So we're likely stuck with a decent amount of polio for a long time.
by fmsf | 2025-05-08 21:51:29+00:00
I have been sharing this to try to raise awareness, the impact is going to be high!

Companies are really struggling to optimise their suppliers, it is pretty hard. If they start on bill of materials they can often sort by most common parts and then it becomes a graph problem finding “cheapest” paths between often traversing four tables bom <> parts <> suppliers <> tariffs.

The really hard part is mapping parts down to sku level to tariff codes. Specially at scale (think datasets with many million rows).

Either way we built https://www.searchtariff.com/?q=lights as an entry point and and have been getting more and more worried with the market as we help companies out. They are not ready for this at all and it is bitting deep. Let us know if you also need help mapping products to tariffs, we have a product for that!

Alternatively we also welcome feedback!
by ubermonkey | 2025-05-08 21:51:49+00:00
Heh. I have a somewhat related story.

In the market we sell into, mergers, acquisitions and spin-outs are the norm. People shift employers all the time without changing offices. It's a whole Thing.

USUALLY this is somewhat drama-free, and USUALLY there's not an issue with email addresses, but this is not a story about the usual case.

Most places now seem to use the firstname.lastname@corp.com style of address. This is a good idea, and creates collisions less often than flastname@ style addresses would. However, one of my customers -- someone who had been happily a first.last@companyA.com user -- got acquired by an org that insisted on the old style flast@companyB.com addresses.

I will not provide the name of my customer, but the problem that ensued was of the same type, and yet a bit more severe, than it would have been if his name were "Steve Hithead."

To this day, though, his address honors the local convention. STANDARDS MUST BE FOLLOWED NO MATTER WHAT, apparently.
by arghandugh | 2025-05-08 21:52:02+00:00
If Jesus Christ himself came to earth and hand delivered a durable and workable reactor design WITH high uptime WITH a near-optimal confinement scheme WITH zero neutronicity AND he included a decade of free perfectly packaged and purified fuel, it would still not pencil out as anything other than water-hungry staff-intensive baseload requiring significant state support.

This is the reality. It’s not happening. It’s a welfare program for bullshit artists that depends on a credulous public.
by adeon | 2025-05-08 21:53:04+00:00
Thanks for the resources. Got back to procrastinate on HN and checked the resources (briefly looked at transcript on the video, but found this article more interesting).

I've always assumed that some amount of unencrypted HTTP traffic is going to be slurped into archives, but I've been too lazy to really check an example and how does that look like in the real world. That BADASS system is an example, focusing on phones. I've also run mitmproxy in my home to learn and then I've wondered if the big agencies have something like that but much more scaled and sophisticated.

I've recently got into studying security, deobfuscated code, or decompiling, tried to find vulnerabilities or bad security, in websites and programs. I've found some, although not anything worth writing home about. I found a replay attack in one VSCode extension that implemented its own encrypted protocol, but it is difficult to use it to do real damage. Found a bad integrity check library (hopelessly naive against canonicalization attack) used by another VSCode extension. I've found something weird in Anthropic's Claude website after you log in, but because their "responsible security policy" is so draconian, I don't want to bother trying to poke it to research it further in case I earn their wrath.

Biggest bummer I found that a video game (Don't Starve Together) I had played for a long time with friends does not have any encryption whatsoever for chat messages to this day. (People gonna say private things in video game chats). The other video game I play in multiplayer a lot, Minecraft, has encryption (a bit unusual encryption but it is encryption).

That article gave me a bit of validation that I'm not a nut for giving shits about encryption and security, and being annoyed at ungodly amount of analytics I see in mitmproxy my laptop is blabbering about.
by sepositus | 2025-05-08 21:53:54+00:00
But I don't know why we are playing hypotheticals here. Such a dramatic change (i.e., introducing Francis 2:8-10) is far outside of the bounds that have been set for thousands of years within the Catholic tradition. The original discussion was why it might be more appropriate for a Pope to have a view that reflect's the biblical understanding of marriage rather than one that fits the modern times. If he is leading the global church through interpreting scriptures and maintaining the traditions, such a dramatic change as introducing new teachings that would seemingly contradict our prior understanding of marriage would completely step outside the bounds of his office.