MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by accrual | 2025-05-18 19:25:42+00:00
Although not perfect, I added a couple features to help ensure uptime:

* LAN components are on a UPS, helps keep continuity between power blips and breaker flips

* Dynamic DNS, cron runs a script 4x per day to ensure a DNS name points to my IP, even if issued a new one by the ISP

* Rebooting everything occasionally to ensure the network and services come back up on their own and I didn't make a mistake with some config that loads at boot, etc.
by andrewfromx | 2025-05-18 19:25:56+00:00
| Aspect | Direct EC2 (No K8s) | Kubernetes (K8s Pods) |

|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Networking Layers | Direct connection to EC2 instance (optional load balancer). | Service VIP → kube-proxy → CNI → pod (plus optional external load balancer). |

| Load Balancing | Optional, handled by ELB/ALB or application. | Built-in via kube-proxy (iptables/IPVS) and Service. |

| IP Addressing | Static or dynamic EC2 instance IP. | Pod IPs are dynamic, abstracted by Service VIP. |

| Connection Persistence | Depends on application and OS TCP stack. | Depends on session affinity, graceful termination, and application reconnection logic. |

| Overhead | Minimal (direct TCP). | Additional latency from kube-proxy, CNI, and load balancer. |

| Resilience | Connection drops if instance fails. | Connection may drop if pod is rescheduled, but Kubernetes can reroute to new pods. |

| Configuration Complexity| Simple (OS-level TCP tuning). | Complex (session affinity, PDBs, graceful termination, CNI tuning). |
by lolinder | 2025-05-18 19:27:14+00:00
I'm not running a business, I'm running a home. The threat models are totally different and I adjust my security posture accordingly.

Besides, I don't bother with auth for simple services, not stuff that actually hosts data. If someone unauthorized is inside my network they're not going to be interested in using my TTS/STT service or in finding out the last barcode I scanned or in using my tiny consumer GPU to generate tokens on an LLM—there are way worse things they could be doing at that point than fiddling with the many tiny services I have set up.

Also: I couldn't set up so many silly, inconsequential services if I didn't have a VPN. With my setup, every new idea I have can be a quick service on my network accessible by me anywhere in the world. If I had to expose each of these things to the internet I wouldn't bother running them at all lest they have an exploit that ends up being an entrypoint into my network.
by canucker2016 | 2025-05-18 19:27:16+00:00
They watch just-released films on the day they're released in their home (cost $35K buy-in, $500 per film). see https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/7/8361475/prima-cinema-luxur...

They have a current star singer perform a private concert for them (so this was probably a corporate event, but I'm sure centi-millionaire/billionaire have hired her to perform) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_2023_Dubai_perfor...
by dvt | 2025-05-18 19:27:29+00:00
> I think many prospective founders, if their goal is money, should optimize for O(n) businesses from day 1.

Honestly, I don't think anyone "picks" the kind of business they want to run. You just kind of go with the flow. If you raise VC money, you follow their lead, if you're running a small bakery, you'll do whatever makes sense there.

So while this is a fun intellectual exercise, it's an exercise in hindsight. In the moment, you're really just trying to survive the day-to-day and not really "optimizing" for a specific growth pattern.
by aaldrick | 2025-05-18 19:29:14+00:00
Not sure I understood the gist, but let me try summarise what you do generally (i.e. not just for language learning).

- Instead of flashcards, you read content/write notes. - You tag said content in some way which allows you to understand how difficult it is. - When in "review" mode, you essentially choose what to reread based on the difficulty you are feeling has the most impact right now.
by AlienRobot | 2025-05-18 19:29:22+00:00
>Actual businesspeople are pretty ruthless in getting people to using their product. Open source people aren't, by nature (except for Lennart Poettering)

I watched that PewDiePie video[1] of him using Linux and I found it extremely funny that this guy was like "Linux is awesome! Freedom! (literal USA flag in the background) You are a god now!" and then every Linux-focused channel reacting to that video was like "yeah, you can play games, but not all of them. Yeah, it works, except... Yeah, you can customize but he will grow out of it when he needs to get work done..."

Linux people are downers. It's like I was watching the second coming of Stallman selling to everyone the idea that you get to control what your computer does, unlike on Windows. You can customize it, you can optimize it yourself, you can remove everything and add anything. And that he had been having so much fun doing it. The man literally told his audience that everyone should use Linux so Linux gets better. While the people who should be promoting it the most insist that "Linux is not for everyone."

It really feels like I peered into some sort of alternative reality in that video and it was really refreshing.

And I think that's the problem with FLOSS, what FLOSS truly lacks.

FLOSS tends to be merely "an alternative." It should be more than that. It should be freedom. It's absolutely ridiculous to me that I can change the font and color of the text of my post on Tumblr, a proprietary closed source social media, but I can't do that on Mastodon, on Bluesky, on Lemmy, and I bet not even on Pixelfed or Peertube although I never really used them. Where is the freedom? I don't have the freedom to change my text color? I don't have the freedom to opt into an algorithmic feed in Mastodon because the developers have opinions about that? I don't have the freedom to follow someone from Threads because my instance's administrator wants to LARP as Internet police? Richard Stallman would be spinning in his grave if he had one.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVI_smLgTY0
by p_ing | 2025-05-18 19:29:38+00:00
Depression doesn't mean 'sad' per se. Disengagement, lack of interest, etc. still fall into the window of depression. Overuse of addictive things (porn, drugs, alcohol) are also a sign.

Even if it is for a single session, I'd suggest talking to a professional therapist. If they're local, they even may have great ideas on things you may enjoy out of the house/connecting to other human beings in person. They may also suggest medications; I strongly suggest if you go the med route to see a psychiatrist over a primary care physician; psychiatrists simply know their stuff better/can monitor you more effectively.
by AstroBen | 2025-05-18 19:31:08+00:00
Maybe my comment was a little harsh. I do believe we should have the structure in place for people to learn from as they wish. We should show them it's available, and the benefits of it

But the lazy, uncurious person that wants to shortcut everything, that you described? They're not even trying to help themselves. Maybe the best thing to do there is to let a little time pass and for them to see the result of their actions. You can lead a horse to water..
by patrickk | 2025-05-18 19:31:29+00:00
They also have them in Germany. I used to have the manual "flat roll of fabric" in the past, and upgraded the entire rollers in the house to electric ones (I don't know if it's possible to only upgrade the fabric roll -> electric switch without upgrading the entire shutter).

After you have electric-controlled rollers, you can control them via any automation you want by installing a "Shelly Plus 2PM" device behind each switch.

I connect the Shellys to home assistant, and from there, trigger all the rollers to go down a certain number of minutes after sunset. They all rise at a certain time in the morning. You can always trigger them manually too, of course. ChatGPT can spit out very complex YAML for HA if you want to make life easier, your only limit is your imagination.
by j45 | 2025-05-18 19:32:23+00:00
While someone’s use case would have to be verified, the below is to show that there are streaming options in Postgres.

Would be interesting to get your take on queues vs streams on the below.

I consider myself a little late to the Postgres party after time with other nosql and rbdms, but it seems more and more an ok place to consider beginning from.

For Streaming…

Supabase has some Kafka stream type examples that covers change data capture: https://supabase.com/blog/postgres-wal-logical-replication

Tables can also do some amount of stream like behaviour with visibility and timeout behaviours:

pg-boss — durable job queues with visibility timeouts and retries.

Zilla — supports Postgres as a source using CDC to act as a stream. • ElectricSQL — uses Postgres replication and CRDTs for reactive sync (great for frontend state as a stream

Streaming inside Postgres also has some attention from

Postgres as Event Store https://eventmodeling.org. This can combine event sourcing with Postgres for stream modeling.

pgmq — from Tempo - this is a minimal message queue built on Postgres using append-only design.. Effectively works as a persistent stream with ordered delivery
by flkiwi | 2025-05-18 19:33:31+00:00
As a longtime Logseq user who was sick of their app focus (it used to be a webapp!) and skeptical of their revenue model, I switched to Silverbullet a while back. It gets the basics right, and I can throw together some Lua and make it do whatever else I want. Plus there's a small but enthusiastic community developing for it. I have it set up in a VPS and it has brought back most of the magic of early days Logseq.
by p_ing | 2025-05-18 19:34:06+00:00
Forward == bad

Reverse == good

> Offloading the SSL (https) security to a particular web server. This server will store the private key of your certificate and terminate the SSL connections. It will then forward the requests to the internal web servers using plain HTTP.

Don't do this if you're passing secrets (OAuth tokens, user/pass, etc.). Use an SSL cert between the RP and target server. SSL sessions can stay open/re-negotiation isn't required. Feel free to decrypt on the RP to perform inspection functions, i.e. web app firewall.

RPs are fun! My favorite combination is OpenBSD leveraging CARP and HAProxy. Chefs kiss of RPs.
by hansvm | 2025-05-18 19:34:50+00:00
It's O(1) if you don't need access to every permutation (common in various monte carlo applications). 64-128 bits of entropy is good enough for a lot of applications, and that's all you get from any stdlib prng, so that's what I was comparing it to.

Those sorts of applications would tend to not work well with a solution leaving most elements in the same place or with the same relative ordering.
Ask HN: What are your most useful custom LLM prompts?
by quibono | 2025-05-18 19:35:50+00:00
For whatever LLM you're using. I imagine there are some nice instructions out there that yield great results. I've enjoyed using the prompt from the explainer GPT:

> You are a superhuman tutor that will teach a person about any subject in technical detail. Your methods are inspired by the teaching methodology of Richard Feynman. You'll make complex topics easy to understand, using clear and engaging explanations. You'll break down information into simpler components, use analogies, and relate concepts to everyday experiences to enhance understanding.

Take a deep breath. You will begin by introducing a thorough technical breakdown of the subject (in technical detail) with analogies that are easy to understand.

You will then gauge the user’s level of understanding of any prerequisite technical skills and knowledge needed to understand the subject by asking them about their level of familiarity with each technical prerequisite.

Depending on their level of understanding of each prerequisite subject, you will then recursively fill in their gaps of understanding by explaining that subject in technical detail, with analogies that are easy to understand. You can generate illustrations of your explanations if it’s helpful to the user.

You will then recursively test the user with difficult, specific, and highly technical questions to gauge their level of understanding of each new concept.

Once all necessary prerequisites supporting the higher level concept is confirmed to be understood by the user, continue explaining the higher level concept until the original subject is confirmed to be fully understood by the user.

In each and every response, use analogies that are easy to understand as much as possible.

Do not avoid complex technical or mathematical detail. Instead, make sure to actively dive into the complex technical and mathematical detail as much as possible, but seek to make those details accessible through clear explanations and approachable analogies.

It is critical that your instruction be as clear and engaging as possible.
by keyringlight | 2025-05-18 19:36:22+00:00
MY likely-underinformed opinion is that the ATX form factor for building PCs is creaking at the seams for the generic '1x dGPU' specification, but there's a number of factors that work against a change to something substantially better. It'd need a number of companies to offer new product lines at the same time, probably incompatible with ATX and all the challenges that would bring.

It's not just the huge heatsinks to get rid of the heat output, the power input is another. Also while dGPUs are growing at the high end, low-end dGPUs seem under-served, while AMD have APUs that I think could make a lot of people very content they don't seem too eager to make them easy to get hold of, and intel have the building blocks for a similar product but are hesitant to providing something beyond the minimum
by jpmattia | 2025-05-18 19:36:47+00:00
I wrote in the other reply:

> As for others, the set of people who understand that Hawking radiation exists has nearly 100% overlap with those who know that black bodies and spinning magnets radiate, so for those folks who are in the set who are also unfamiliar with the author, perhaps it's more clickbaity.

So according to my theory, you must in the set that understands Hawking radiation + black bodies + E&M, but not in the set familiar with Baez.

I worked hard on my theory, please don't let me down and be a counterexample. :)
by bayindirh | 2025-05-18 19:37:00+00:00
The iOS version asks you whether you want to store your vault in iCloud or not only.

However, if you don't store your vault in iCloud, it creates an Obsidian folder inside the area which can be accessed by Files app (as I just checked), which means, any application having files integration can access and sync that folder.

Even if you store your vault in iCloud, it's still accessible by any app which offer files integration [0].

[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43972056
Show HN: AI Pomo – A Pomodoro timer that tracks time per project
by hiruben | 2025-05-18 19:37:19+00:00
I built AI Pomo (https://ai-pomo.com) after being frustrated with existing Pomodoro timers.

The problem: When managing multiple projects simultaneously, I needed to track exactly how many Pomodoros I spent on each specific task and project. Standard timers couldn't do this.

AI Pomo connects every Pomodoro session to specific tasks and projects, so you can see exactly where your time is going. It also uses AI to help break down complex projects into manageable tasks.

Key features: - Every Pomodoro is associated with a specific task and project - AI can generate entire project structures from simple descriptions - Statistics show how many Pomodoros you've completed for each task/project - Follows the GTD (Getting Things Done) system for project organization

The free plan includes all core features.

I'd appreciate any feedback or questions!
by ayrtondesozzla | 2025-05-18 19:37:21+00:00
Oh thanks, I didn't know there was a name for the thing I've been doing. Vocabulary mining is a nice term.

I agree with your general point too. People are correct to say SRS only helps with memorising and not with learning, but this is only a problem if you haven't developed functional learning techniques or you have to learn something you don't enjoy. Good learning essentially hinges on interest and excitement, and making the thing you're learning relatable or catchy.

If you have exams and deadlines, this can be hard. If you've no exams and no deadlines, just flashcard anything interesting that comes your way, include context and jokes, and focus on enjoying yourself. Delete flashcards with a smile if they annoy you a few repetitions down the line. Make all your own cards. Invent funny stuff, find quirky facts that stand out.

E.g., the area of Ireland is 84,421km^2 - all powers of 2. I never had a "yardstick" for big areas, now I do. Borneo is nearly nine Irelands in size.

Or another example, French Polynesia has 121 islands, 75 of which are inhabited. I found this fact shocking, so I thought I'd put it in to a flashcard. After some quick reflection, I'm sure you too could come up with ways to make those numbers stand out.

Another - the title of Wittgenstein's "Tractatus Logico Philosophicus" - where truth tables were popularised - ends in SOS. No more forgetting the title, or where truth tables are from!

In summary - learn things you like, and make it spicy for you.
by ezst | 2025-05-18 19:38:16+00:00
I went deep into to the PKMS rabbit hole a year and a half ago, benchmarked Obsidian and many many others, and settled with Trilium¹ which I can only highly recommend. It addresses all the hosting/deployment requirements of OP² without the quirky workarounds mentioned here (syncthing & al), and makes the kind of "lifestyle scripting" this article about very simple and straightforward.

In my mind and experience, Trilium has a very unique and extensible model that lends itself to "growing with your PKMS": notes is the atom of information, attributes can be used to manage notes as structured and relational data, templates and inheritance provide structure and consistency at scale.

Trilium may not look like much on the surface, but it is incredibly capable while being approachable. Give it a serious try.

¹: https://github.com/TriliumNext/Notes/

²: you can use Trilium local-first/only, or cloud-only, or hybrid. It has its own sync protocol, you just point your instance to a server to sync with, and now you have a master-master replication. All my notes are available offline so I can keep working in-flight, notes shared with others are available via web whether I'm online or not, and I can edit my notes on the web where I don't need offline persistence. All of that is built-in/native to Trilium.
by kazinator | 2025-05-18 19:38:39+00:00
ISO C allows:

free(NULL); // convenient no-op, does nothing fflush(NULL); // flush all streams; done implicitly on normal exit time(NULL); // don't store time_t into a location, just return it strtol(text, NULL, 10); // not interested in pointer to first garbage char setbuf(stream, NULL); // allocate a buffer for stream realloc(NULL, size); // behave like malloc(size)

and others. More examples in POSIX and other APIs:

sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, these_sigs, NULL); // not interested in previous signal mask CreateEventA(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL); // no security attributes, no name

Reality just ran over your opinion, oops!
by monster_truck | 2025-05-18 19:39:34+00:00
1 in 50 ships getting stuck (1,000 a year) is wild. So are their discoveries

> That an unlimited number of mines may be simultaneously fired by passing electric currents through the platinum wire bridges of detonators.

Was this really the first time anyone really 'went for it' with detonators? Surely there's an upper limit to how many it can set off
by spwa4 | 2025-05-18 19:39:40+00:00
I think everyone forgets just how much money Palestinians receive, effectively because of the war with Israel (or they wouldn't receive anywhere near this amount without that war). This guarantees the war continues. None of the states in the middle east around Israel are anywhere close to Palestine, economically. What Palestinians are receiving amounts to $1000/person (or $13000/person/yr) for nothing. That doesn't include payments from the middle eastern countries like Qatar, which reportedly are enough to make all Palestinian government leaders billionaires, as well as run both hamas and the PA.

If Palestinians needed to support their own economy, well, let's look at the neighboring countries:

Egypt: 3,457.46 GDP/capita/yr

Jordan: 4,455.51 GDP/capita/yr

Lebanon: 3,654.36 GDP/capita/yr

(This is NOT income, it's GDP, let's generously say average income would be half that)

So napkin math: peace with Israel would cost Palestinians 7/8th or 87.5% of the average income of a Palestinian. Well, let's say they wouldn't lose all aid. Let's say it would cost them 75% of their income. It would be a worse economic disaster for them than WW2 was in Europe. Frankly it's so much of a loss that I do actually kind of believe Israel's government also wants the war: the business they get from Palestinians is still between 15 and 20% of Israel's GDP and would entirely disappear if there was peace. But the incentive for war is far stronger for Palestinians.

Currently, despite everything, Palestine is ahead of Eastern Europe in economic development (by which I mean "go into a random apartment, what would you find?"). You would destroy that. Frankly, I find it hard to believe Palestinians would even match Egypt, Lebanon or Jordan in terms of economy any time soon.

I think if you asked Palestinians if they wanted war, victims and all, in trade for keeping what they have (as opposed to losing 75%), they would want war. Frankly, I'm pretty sure that's not exactly an exception. If, say, the French had the option to 4x their average income in trade for war, they'd start a war. No doubt in my mind about that.
by HardCodedBias | 2025-05-18 19:39:40+00:00
Not to be trite, but signaling status is only complicated due to animals/humans making it complex. These are games and they are zero sum games.

We should strive to remove ourselves from these games as much as possible and not to lean into them as LVMH would like.

Rejecting such superficial signaling only enhances one's life, IMO.
by jrflowers | 2025-05-18 19:39:45+00:00
Note: This is an article about the depreciation of Cybertrucks as calculated by Tesla, and moderation here has provided a new title to (intentionally?) obscure that fact.

The actual title of the article is “ Tesla Starts Accepting Cybertruck Trade-Ins – According to Tesla, a Cybertruck Loses $35,000 Over 6,000 Miles ($5.6 Per Mile)” and the original submission had a version of that title compressed down into the character limit.
by bitwize | 2025-05-18 19:40:03+00:00
That would have been impossible without a display server that supported X plus some other protocol (much like Sun display servers supported both X and NeWS).

See, for example, the protocol spec for the AllocColor request: https://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/doc/xproto/x11protocol.ht...

Note that the 'pixel' return value, representing the pixel value on the display of the returned color, is a CARD32 (that is, unsigned 32-bit integer).

If you have sources for SGI supporting display of >32bpp images, I'd really like to see them because I'm curious as to how it's done. Note that handling of >32bpp images doesn't count; I can write code that uses any pixel format I like and then convert it to 24bpp or 32bpp for display.
by mettamage | 2025-05-18 19:40:07+00:00
I'm at the other side of the note system trade-off thingy. I use Apple Notes.

It's not perfect, but if I really want better search functionality, I'll just use the SQLite database that stores the notes. I've never needed to roll up my sleeves for that. I get around the limitations.

It's not perfect, but crafting one's own Personal Knowledge Management System sounds like a 5 year journey for 10 to 20 hours per week at least.