MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
Self-Hosted Cloudflare Alternatives
by andyong71 | 2025-05-30 13:25:26+00:00
Hello,

In my past work, I found that there isn't a good alternative to Cloudflare (Cf) in the market. Cf has developed into a very powerful platform that integrates many services; it is undeniable that it does a great job, and I also enjoy using its services.

In the past, we encountered clients who wanted to self-host a platform as powerful as Cf (mainly for application security and performance).

Although we have strong software engineering capabilities (DNS, CDN, WAF, DDoS, Zero Trust, etc., we have built them all), we know that the strength of Cf lies in its network. To build such a platform, strong software needs to be combined with robust network infrastructure.

Cf was built 15 years ago when the infrastructure was not mature. Nowadays, there is a wealth of cloud infrastructure and numerous VPS providers, and I believe network capabilities have evolved to modern standards.

We see a lot of potential in this market; currently, no one can challenge Cf's position. Through interviews with many clients and partners, we found that there is no alternative to Cf on the market, especially when users deeply utilize application security and performance.

So, I have an idea: can I collaborate with cloud/VPS providers, where the providers are responsible for offering robust infrastructure, while our team excels at building the corresponding software stack? This way, clients can achieve an alternative to Cf based on my software platform combined with the infrastructure of VPS/cloud providers.

The software platform should allow for very simple deployment and management of edge nodes, and it should extend many functions through plugins, such as GeoDNS, Layer 4-7 proxy, CDN, WAF, rate limiting, Bot Management, Secure Tunnel, AI & API gateway, Clientless Zero Trust Access, observability, and more.

The edge infrastructure is responsible for providing a reliable, high-speed network and offering unmetered DDoS protection similar to Cloudflare.

This way, I can create a niche market: customers can purchase rich and cost-effective edge nodes, or opt for a pay-as-you-go model, with pricing determined by the provider. The provider can also refer customers to our platform to offer services similar to Cf. This is a win-win situation.

I look forward to hearing everyone's thoughts and suggestions. Thank you.
by aaronbaugher | 2025-05-30 13:25:33+00:00
That may be the traditional role of a wife, though even in marriage a man who dumps all his fears and worries on his wife will soon find himself without one. Women want a man to open up and share his feelings, but in practice a little of that goes a long way.

But in any case, it's not the traditional role of whatever women happen to be in earshot.
by hiAndrewQuinn | 2025-05-30 13:25:46+00:00
For Ubuntu, not Mac, but I maintain a set of 3 shell scripts over at https://github.com/hiAndrewQuinn/shell-bling-ubuntu that put 95% of everything I use on an everyday basis.

I picked shell scripts specifically because I didn't want the overhead of installing eg Ansible, even if its idempotency would be nice. I definitely like Ansible for DevOps on virtual machines, though, it's a solid platform.
by psychoslave | 2025-05-30 13:25:49+00:00
>Once we take the counterfeits for granted, we may begin doubting the veracity of all the information presented to us through media.

Hmm, that's not a totally new stuff. I mean, anyone taking take time to document themselves about how mass media work should already be acquainted by the fact that anything you get in them is either bare propaganda or some catch eye trigger void of any information to attract audience.

There is no way an independent professional can make a living while staying in integrity with the will to provide relevant feedback without falling in this or that truism. Audience is already captured by other giant dumping schemes.

Think "fabric of the consent".

So the big change that might occurs here, is the distribution of how many people do believe what they get thrown at there face.

Also, the only thing that you might previously be taken as only reliable information in a publication was that the utterer of the sentence knew the words emitted, or at least had the ability to utter its form. Now you still don't know if the utterer had any sense of the sentence spoken, but you don't even know if the person could actually even utter it, let alone have ever been aware of the associated concepts and notions.
by anton-c | 2025-05-30 13:26:12+00:00
As a producer lemme tell you i can create some pretty bad melodies than get stuck in my head cuz I heard em too many times. I'm not sure how well earworms can be dissected beyond music theory.

I also had a therapist suggest that the music stuck in my head(smth is going almost always) reflected my mental state. There could be some truth but also think this overplays a psychological connection. Sometimes I just listened to "hold the line" and it gets stuck. I'm not actually strugglin'.
by ignoramous | 2025-05-30 13:26:38+00:00
> The more you try not to think about something, the more aware of it you become ... earworms ... They're ultimately a bizarre, often annoying, but invariable harmless quick of the human brain.

Harmless? The most annoying kind always come to me when I'm having a bout of migraine or a stress headache, often making them worse.

> What makes for a good earworm? Based on what research there is, the most potent earworms tend to be short, simple, and repetitive. And catchy ...

Pianist Ludovico Einaudi is famous for his minimalist tunes. No wonder most of his pieces are earworm-worthy; ex: I Giorni https://youtube.com/watch?v=Uffjii1hXzU
by IAmGraydon | 2025-05-30 13:27:02+00:00
As a musician, this is something I’ve thought about a lot and the conclusion I’ve come to is that music triggers our reward system just like a drug, and just like a monkey given a drug, we want to keep pushing the button to feel that reward over and over. So we play it back in our heads, which isn’t quite as good as the real thing, but is close enough. I really don’t think it’s any more complicated than that.
by nicoburns | 2025-05-30 13:28:20+00:00
> Are there any approaches which implement server-side rendered SPAs with Rust? In that case Rust would render the HTML for the first load and server JSON APIs for changes in the SPA

Yes, frameworks like Dioxus (https://github.com/dioxuslabs/dioxus) implement next.js-like "fullstack" SPAs in Rust (the client-side code compiles to WASM).

> Rendering the HTML is performance-intensive in my experience, using Rust could save up quite some computational resources.

The server-side performance is indeed much better than JS alternatives (client-side performance is more or less the same).
by vharuck | 2025-05-30 13:28:48+00:00
>Only way I can see it working is if the government pays for social spaces.

The government effectively does financially support social clubs by exempting them from taxes: https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/other-non-profits/...

Actively providing money to clubs would be a tough sell. Grant writing is hard, grant reviewing and auditing is expensive, and there could be a PR nightmare if the government provided money to an "immoral" club or didn't provide money to certain classes of clubs.
by DavidPiper | 2025-05-30 13:29:11+00:00
Interesting that he's essentially saying all the places where this kind of deep skunkwork / research is "supposed" to happen (startups, universities, government, etc) have all prioritised or been captured by other incentives.

Weirdly almost feels analogous to the whole "loss of a third space" conversation: we're losing places that can actually (afford to) invest in deep research and exploration.
by const_cast | 2025-05-30 13:30:04+00:00
IMO this mostly stems from not having walkable, livable communities. People live in detached homes and they drive to work and the grocery store and… that’s it.

There’s next to zero room for random events because travel becomes such a deliberate action. I can’t just pop into a cafe - first I need to find it and drive there.

Also our social signals are completely fucked up. Headphones and phones means that most interactions are off-limits. Probably a lot of these people do want to talk, but they’re not signaling it. And I’m not gonna be the one to bother a stranger.
by Elaris | 2025-05-30 13:30:13+00:00
To be honest, when I first saw the “chick knitting craze”, I didn't quite understand it. But the more I read, the more I felt that there seemed to be a quiet but profound meaning behind it. Why are so many people suddenly knitting chicks? Maybe it's not just because it's cute, maybe it's a way to relieve stress. In uncertain times, focus on doing a gentle little thing with your hands and heart. There is a calming power in the repeated winding and knitting. When the chick finally takes shape, the small sense of accomplishment it brings is real. What touched me most was that some people would give these chicks to others, to strangers, to people who need a smile. It's a gentle kindness. Quiet, handmade, but very human. After reading this article, I also want to make a chick myself. ButI have to buy some wool first.
by paganel | 2025-05-30 13:30:19+00:00
> And can still take on fixed wing aircraft,” including fourth, fifth, and even sixth-generation fighters, at least to some degree, is important, he continued. Crewed helicopters are still part of the threat picture, as well.

You can see how the Anglos are still way out of the loop when it comes to the latest developments in land-warfare not-involving Middle-Eastern goat-herders, as in this guy should have known that the Russian Ka-52s were pretty decisive in stopping the 2023 Ukrainian summer counter-offensive (that, and the Russian mine-fields), so that adding helicopters at the very end, with "btw, yeah, helis are still a thing" is quite disingenuous, if not stupid.

Also, dismissing "unmanned systems" (I think he means cheap drones):

> “They’re not particularly expensive. Their impact is probably way outsized.”

is also pretty damn stupid, as both the Russians and the Ukrainians could confirm.
by southernplaces7 | 2025-05-30 13:31:01+00:00
Agreed and good that someone else mentions this specific point. It's common to rail at large multinational corporations and their acts of ineptitude, malfeasance and outright destructiveness in some cases but many of these complaints leave implicit that if only some other kind of large organization had managed the same X or Y, things would have turned out better. Why? There's no innate quality of any government or NGO that makes either somehow less likely to ruin something or cause harm than is the case for a corporation. For many governments, given their local monopoly on control and greater lack of clear financial accountability to a specific bottom line, malfeasance is if anything more likely. The Aral sea is one glaring example of this, but there are many, many others.
by detourdog | 2025-05-30 13:31:23+00:00
My question would be do you have enough experience to know that it is a perpetual motion machine. I read the article and nothing sounds like perpetual motion to me. The atmosphere is always dynamic and my reading of the article was that it is using 2 different changes to harness these changes. Surface tension and atmospheric pressure seem to be the mechanisms.

I was trying to figure out if your comment was informed.
by burkaman | 2025-05-30 13:31:25+00:00
In addition to what the sibling comment says, a few minutes is fine for predictable changes like sunset, but you also need enough dispatchable power online to deal with unexpected changes. What if a transmission line goes down and cuts off a big solar farm? Other plants must respond within a literal second to fill the gap and prevent a cascading failure of the whole grid like what happened in Spain recently.

That doesn't have to be natural gas, batteries and hydro and even other curtailed solar plants can fill this role if there are enough of them, but we're not there yet.
by HankStallone | 2025-05-30 13:32:01+00:00
Yes, I know parents who wonder why the boys at school seem to have no ambition, and don't apply for scholarships and get involved in things as much as they used to. The same parents also notice that all the literature at school now has female protagonists--not half of it, but nearly all of it.

They don't seem to make the connection between these things. Boys at school are told to sit down and shut up (and take drugs to do so if necessary) so the girls can thrive, and they internalize that. Some people act as though this is reparations for the many years when the reverse was true. But even if they're right about the past, they're not improving the situation by swapping the injustice.
by robotbikes | 2025-05-30 13:34:06+00:00
Honestly there are some interesting concepts and broad overviews of them but this is hardly a "book" but just a verbose LLM document that briefly lists a lot of concepts without sufficiently or consistently fleshing them out into actual meaningful chapters. Not to say that this sort of thing isn't potentially useful but it seems more like the starting point of an outline of a book rather than anything resembling a finished published book.
by dkarl | 2025-05-30 13:34:19+00:00
Just need to vent: there's a NIN song "Sin" that has a repeating effect shsha shsha shsha shsha.... I'm not conveying it clearly in text, but it's prominent in the first five seconds of the song[0] if you want to actually hear it.

Anyway, ever since a certain Lil' Jon song came out in 2009, my brain keeps trying to hear this effect in Sin as, "Shots shots shots shots shots...." It's totally inappropriate for the song, and my brain doesn't actually hear the word, but it's convinced if it keeps listening and focusing, the word will come through clearly.

It's a great illustration of the brain having a weakness for certain patterns and having confirmation bias so strong that it will literally keep looking for confirmation for years without getting it.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEWdjtMmqGo
by rayiner | 2025-05-30 13:35:03+00:00
I think little-c conservatism is good, and credentialed managerial liberalism—of which Harvard is the beating heart—is bad. In my view, had the founders of modern India/Pakistan (Jinnah and Nehru) been conservatives like Lee Kuan Yew, instead of coming back from Oxbridge with highfalutin ideas about secular humanism and socialism, then my homeland would be a lot more prosperous today and I might still live where my ancestors did.

So I’m willing to do a lot to ensure my adopted homeland doesn’t suffer the same fate. Because in my estimation, the difference between India/Pakistan and the U.S. isn’t smart people, but the political and civic culture of ordinary people. What makes America great is the participatory democracy and deference to the wisdom of the common man that Alexis de Tocqueville admired. Not the modern trend of democracy as masses of mobilized demographic groups providing nudges to the Harvard-educated civil servants that actually run the country.

And viewing Harvard and its impact on the country as a negative is hardly some Trump invention. The quip that you’d rather be governed by the first 2,000 people listed in the Boston phone directory than the entire Harvard faculty is more than half a century old. The only difference is that the new right is willing to actually try and implement their vision of what would be good for the country. They’re willing to use the same legal and political tools—including control over discretionary federal funds—that liberals have long used to reshape society, culture, and civic institutions.
by mooreds | 2025-05-30 13:35:25+00:00
> But when I authenticate my common support agents instead of the customers themselves, I do want them to have access to everything.

> I don’t think anyone has yet managed to make this easy.

We have a few recommendations for this (I work for FusionAuth, a different auth server). From our doc[0]:

Have users reset their password every time they need access to a different tenant. Use a passwordless login option like a magic link or passkey. Set up or use an administrative identity server, such as a second instance of FusionAuth, Google GSuite, or Azure AD/Microsoft Entra, and have these users log in using that. Put all admin users in one FusionAuth tenant, create an application in that tenant, and set up an OIDC Identity Provider for applications in other tenants to delegate to that application.

It's a thorny problem, for sure.

0: https://fusionauth.io/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users
by joshstrange | 2025-05-30 13:35:31+00:00
> And this is not a cherry-picked example by me. This is the first thing Cursor shows potential customers to demonstrate how good this AI-powered tooling allegedly is

I think this perfectly encompasses "vibe coding" [0], "Hey, it looks cool. Ship it. Don't worry about what's under the hood!".

[0] I'm using this term to specifically mean people using LLMs to write code with with doing very little or no checking of the code it writes, just what the website/app looks like.
by jmclnx | 2025-05-30 13:36:11+00:00
For blind people, sadly I have to agree with you. It is too bad, you would think braille readers would work great w/Linux due to UN*X original design. But I think getting the hardware is rough for individual developers. And most of the fortune 500 Companies "supporting" Linux only cares about free labor.

But there is slint, the person who put it together did so to address vision issues. Maybe that will work ? I never used it so I have no opinion.

https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=slint
by energy123 | 2025-05-30 13:36:24+00:00
Nukes come from security competition between nation states. It's the anarchic nature of this security competition that necessitates nukes.

The only way to avoid this is a one world government.

The analogy is: the existence of police is the only reason you don't need to own a gun. Without police, it's anarchy, and therefore you need a gun to survive in that incentive structure.
by alpaca128 | 2025-05-30 13:36:50+00:00
True, people tend to believe things more if they are stated more confidently. That's basically how many things from scams to conspiracy theories and even cults work. Now with LLMs you have machines that can produce thousands of words per hour in flawless grammar and sounding as sophisticated and confident as you want.

The famous quote "A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes" is older than the internet, so this asymmetry was already bad enough back then and whoever coined the quote couldn't have imagined how much farther it would shift.
by egypturnash | 2025-05-30 13:37:00+00:00
Gridrunner: Grid cells should be square. It's the law. Verdict: Square pixels.

Jeff Minter has done a few remakes of this game over the years. One of the more recent ones (1) includes direct ports of the Vic20 and C64 versions as an option. They are very emphatically not using square pixels.

1: Minotaur Arcade vol 1, https://store.steampowered.com/app/906110/Minotaur_Arcade_Vo... - sadly there’s no photos of the retro modes in the Steam page.
by lazide | 2025-05-30 13:37:34+00:00
He’s literally just downplaying their weaknesses/competition, as any salesman is going to do. Expensive (or even relatively cheap!) manpads make no sense vs drones economically, and manpads vs low flying/nap of the earth helicopters, especially in forested terrain have always been of limited effectiveness.

If you have the budget, still worth buying to have in the quiver, but they’re playing to the older more conservative players not selling the new hotness and they know it.
by phkahler | 2025-05-30 13:38:18+00:00
I think you want to write:

if (s1 == -1) c1 = c0; if (s2 == -1) c2 = c1;

These can become conditional moves on x86. I've often thought RISC-V should have implemented an IF instruction instead of compare and branch. IF would cause the next instruction to be executed conditionally while not needing a flag register at the ISA level. They could have required only branch and jump to be conditional, but it turns out conditional mov, load, and store are all very useful in real code.
by jebarker | 2025-05-30 13:38:19+00:00
I feel like you're re-stating the same claim that crote made that there's a clean cut between python and lower level libraries meaning that the user doesn't need to know what is happening at the lower level to achieve good performance. This is not true in many cases if you are aiming to achieve peak performance - which we should be for training and serving AI systems since they are already so resource hungry.
by belorn | 2025-05-30 13:38:48+00:00
Sweden has a government department for statistics and one data point they collect and publish is work statistics. The most gender segregated work places are dominated by women, with a few being around 99%. The only male dominated profession in top 5, last time I checked, was stonelayer, which was around 95%.

In term of total gender segreation in the work force, about 15% of men and women work in gender equal profession. The majority, both men and women, work in a job where their gender outnumber the other gender by 2 to 1 or more.

A common finding in studies conduced on this statistics is that gender segregation occurs also within a profession. Teachers is used as the typical example where gender segregation occur on both subject but also on level. It also get worse as people advance in their careers, with each "step" on the ladder being a point where the minority gender decrease.
by bradlys | 2025-05-30 13:38:58+00:00
I did it for fifteen years and am quite accomplished. Traveled the world for it and done everything you can imagine.

It was pretty damn useless cause I’m just not physically attractive even after multiple surgeries, spending time lifting, wearing nice tailored clothes, etc. Dancing is also nowhere near as mainstream or popular as it was 10+ years ago in the US. I gave up on it overall because the communities are no longer full of fun people. More men than women in most communities I’ve been in as well.
by reitzensteinm | 2025-05-30 13:39:32+00:00
This is such a great book, especially the section on operating system primitives, which made the book wider in scope and more practical. After all, you're probably not building exotic data structures by hand in memory without also needing high performance IO.

It's been a hobby of mine to collect concurrency examples from books and blog posts and simulating them in Temper, my Rust memory model simulator. As far as I know, it's the largest Rust/C++11 memory model test suite on the internet (but I'm happy to be corrected).

This is the file for Rust Atomics and Locks:

https://github.com/reitzensteinm/temper/blob/main/memlog/tes...

I didn't find any bugs in the examples, but with how good the book was, I didn't expect to :)

The Williams book for C++ contains many of the same ideas (Rust's memory model is a copy/paste from C++11 without the now deprecated Consume) and I can highly recommend that too.