MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by klodolph | 2025-05-06 02:44:08+00:00
I was replying to an “it pays for itself” comment and looking for the most favorable possible numbers for the most limited incremental change to the program, to show that even then, it doesn’t pay for itself. That’s where the $5M comes from—it’s the incremental cost, to the city, of providing free lunches to an additional 35,000 elementary school students, after the federal government reimburses $3.24 per lunch, using data from 2015.

I think the comment I was replying to believed that some big chunk of the cost was due figuring out which students deserve free lunches or not. That’s untrue.

The lunch program is substantial and can’t really be hidden by burying it in some much larger budget.

I get the argument “this is valuable, we should do this” but I don’t buy the argument “this cost is small”.
by jandrewrogers | 2025-05-06 02:44:10+00:00
One of the big issues with LLMs for e.g. systems software is that there are broad domains where training data effectively does not exist. Consequently, you can’t learn much from them of value. It is the blind leading the blind.

The lack of training material for LLMs is of course a lack of training material for people too. Some areas of software have a long history of relying almost entirely on an oral tradition to pass down knowledge. This has some advantages but it doesn’t scale and it makes it basically “dark knowledge” for LLMs or people without access to those that know it. If you want to get into an area like this, you often need to find a way to spend a lot of time with people that already know it.
by panick21_ | 2025-05-06 02:44:13+00:00
You analysis just complete ignores finances. Sure you can turn almost anything into anything else if you ignore costs.

The Shuttle bound the US to LEO because while the Shuttle was active, its upkeep used up most of the budget and large projects to use that hardware for something else wasn't likely.

And even if you went that route, the cost of such a redesign, has has been seen multiple times now, is so expensive and impractical that it cost more then designing something new.

> The RS-25 on paper appears to have a higher specific impulse than the F-1 engine.

Comparing individual parts of the architecture on one specific state isn't a useful analysis.

> The Saturn V rocket family isn't some once in a civilization accomplishment.

Nobody said it was.

Even in 2011 every analysis NASA did suggest that a upgraded Saturn V was going to be cheaper and result in a far more powerful rocket far faster and with much lower long term operation cost. Despite this analysis NASA selected SLS because congress clearly wrote into legislation that existing contractors had to be selected.

Feel free to look up those NASA studies. Many years ago on reddit I compiles a long post with all the sources for that stuff but I would have to look for it.
by drdeca | 2025-05-06 02:44:36+00:00
If you have some probability distribution over finite sequences of bits, a stream of independent samples drawn from that stream can be compressed so that the number of bits in the compressed stream per sample from the original stream, is (in the long run) the (base 2) entropy of the distribution. Likewise if instead of independent samples from a distribution there is instead a Markov process or something like that, with some fixed average rate of entropy.

The closer one can get to this ideal, the closer one has to a complete description of the distribution.

I think this is the sort of thing they were getting at with the compression comment.
by pathartl | 2025-05-06 02:45:26+00:00
Lol, this wasn't Windows 7 days. This was 98/XP. The real fall of multiplayer gaming is from player support of F2P and a lack of legislation against the absolute predatory gambling tactics these games use.

By the way, kernel level anti heat has been around for a LONG time. Battle Eye was introduced with Battlefield Vietnam in 2004.
by xyst | 2025-05-06 02:46:59+00:00
e2e encryption with s/mime is the answer, unless y’all think otherwise.

I played around with it the other day. Installed actalis/digicert s/mime cert on client. Sent emails between the 2 addresses. Emails decrypted locally on clients but same message sent on webmail client is encrypted/unreadable (besides subject line)
by sherdil2022 | 2025-05-06 02:47:03+00:00
You need to get good at dealing with ambiguity and abstractions. No one can realistically know or learn everything (of course, there will always be exceptions).

So, set aside a day or the weekend for these explorations if you have to. It is good that you want to understand everything - and when you are bored or want some change of scenery, explore away!
by meta_ai_x | 2025-05-06 02:47:48+00:00
Imagine having to live your life with this irrational paranoia that your email is so important that you make irrational decisions of making your email less secure(by trying to host it yourself), more hassle (setting personal email servers).

To what end? Unless you are in the top 20,000 or so people who are actively being snopped on, it's just a waste of life to spend so much time to de-google, de-openai, de-meta, de-microsoft your life.

But of course this is a highly unpopular opinion on HN, but I have yet to see a single instance of a person whose life dramatically changed because they hosted their own email server instead of just using gmail. (unless you sell those services to other paranoid people and make money)
by alganet | 2025-05-06 02:48:01+00:00
Yeah. But that's too much paranoia even for me, a schizophrenic.

If someone powerful wants your encrypted data, they will have it. It's dumb.

In my case, it would make them look like fools. Not even a dick pick or secret affair to blackmail me. Just a dumb guy.

I care for my privacy, but I truly have nothing of importance to hide to the point of taking those extra steps.
by psviderski | 2025-05-06 02:48:21+00:00
Generally speaking, redundancy/availability could also be achieved through replication rather than automatic rescheduling, where you deploy multiple replicas of the service across multiple machines. If one of them dies, the other one still continues service traffic. Like in good old days when we didn't have k8s and dynamic infra.

This trades off some automation for simplicity. Although, this approach may requires manual intervention when a machine fails permanently.
by panick21_ | 2025-05-06 02:49:29+00:00
But it isn't actually finished. SLS only now reached what is was supposed to reach in 2017. Its a far cry from the rocket that it was supposed to be. It would require another decade until the EUS Upper stage was ready, many, many more billions. The next generation launch towers aren't ready either.

SLS is incredibly expensive to operate, so even if it is 'finished' its cost are completely unreasonable. Keeping the program alive alone is incredibly expensive, and then you barely get any launches out of it.

Lunar Gateway isn't finished and it would require lots of money, launches and a large operational budget to finish it.

But you are right, all these should have never been develop and canceling them earlier is better then later. But now is better then later.
by mmooss | 2025-05-06 02:50:31+00:00
> Disappearing messages has never been a security guarantee of Signal.

What makes you say that? Has Signal posted something about it?

Retention settings are widely used for messaging security.

Also, I just used retention as an example. There could be many other holes in the unofficial client, including how it communicates with the Signal network. Maybe my messages aren't E2EE when communicating with that client. Maybe the mess up the encrytion implementation.
by serf | 2025-05-06 02:50:55+00:00
>nobody needs to apologize for having a system of government that you don’t approve.

that was never implied, and the question parent posited was never answered.

Given the world landscape, and the obvious and apparent trend towards democratization by nearly all of the worlds' actors -- it's a curiosity why this trend hasn't seemed to grab at the Vatican.

There are plenty of ancient/old organizations that have reorganized their political and internal structures to abide recent trends, it's at the very least interesting that the Vatican has moved so slowly in deciding what to keep and what to toss. We have seen plenty of monarchies transition into other organizations, it's not somehow rare -- but the Vatican has resisted this; it's interesting and worthy of discussion.
by bionhoward | 2025-05-06 02:50:58+00:00
Dumb, fail for user freedom, nothing owned by OpenAI can be used to … create AI or anything that competes with them: scheduled AI, AI agents, AI tools, AI coding, chat, audio, image gen, video gen, shopping, and oh, anything the AI can do, soon social networking and hardware, what’s left that doesn’t compete with these assholes?

ChatGPT is a great breakthrough but it’s wasted if everyone has to worry about a noncompete with it. Seriously, how is it not insane to think we should outsource our thoughts and agree never to use the thoughts to compete with the thinker? Who wants to live in a world where nobody thinks and nobody can make anything competitive with their “Saviour Machine?”

Anybody who would join an org like that for a few billion dollars is a sell out. It’s an AI safety nightmare, too. I’m just flabbergasted millions of noobs accept not to compete with intelligence, wtf is this world, if you can’t use your thoughts to compete with your thinker, what is left for you? lol this is worse than black mirror
Show HN: Generate JSON Schema from a readable model – no login
by jargonsh | 2025-05-06 02:52:46+00:00
Writing JSON Schema by hand is tedious and error-prone, especially across teams.

I pulled one of the most useful parts of our modelling platform (Jargon) and turned it into a standalone tool:

- Model your data in plain text (not AI — just a DSL)

- Get clean, valid JSON Schema instantly

- No YAML, no login, no boilerplate

Tool: https://jargon.sh/jsonschema

Docs: https://docs.jargon.sh/#/pages/language

It's powered by the same engine we use in real-world data governance work, including some real-world usage with the team behind the UN Transparency Protocol (UNTP).
by casey2 | 2025-05-06 02:52:59+00:00
There is a cafeteria at the school where students can purchase lunch, if they want to purchase a lunch but don't have any cash on hand they can use credit, if they hit their cap and want to purchase lunch on yet more credit they are given alternative meals or nothing. There is no "free lunch".

~75% of k-12 students bring lunch from home. If you are on assistance then your lunch is prepaid. Generally the food is so hilariously bad that most won't pay for it, but there are good schools here and there. 9-12 students generally are allowed to leave campus during lunch hours.

There may also be an additional "a la carte" system where you can buy single items either if you have extra money in your account or have cash on hand, but not on credit. Like a canteen.
by arcanemachiner | 2025-05-06 02:53:10+00:00
What a blissfully-naive take. You're more than a decade behind the times.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM

In 2023, Google received requests for user information for about 900,000 accounts, and complied with ~80% of them, and both numbers are on the rise.

https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview
by dylan604 | 2025-05-06 02:54:54+00:00
Tony the tiger says "that's grrrrreat." Now, send an e2e encrypted to another email that is not yours and see how long it takes them to understand what you sent. PGP for email has been around for a very long time, and there's a reason it is unheard of by the general public. it is a pain in the ass.
by chungy | 2025-05-06 02:55:00+00:00
I have mixed feelings about the single-window mode ("modern IDE" style, says the wizard). It's kind of neat having everything tidied up like a tiling window manager can do, but at the same time, it feels a bit like a downgrade, especially since you can achieve its effect with... a tiling window manager.

Well, no real reason to complain, the IDE freely gives you the option to use the old multi-window mode or single-window mode and you can change at any time.
by h4kunamata | 2025-05-06 02:55:22+00:00
I run PiHole for years in my home network, I cannot live without it. With the years, I have made small changes to increase my control over it.

I have a recursive DNS setup, PiHole filters everything, and what is left is processed locally via Unbound which in turn, contacts the 13 root nameservers for DNS resolution. I don't use any third party DNS.

Add PiHole/Unbound caching capabilities, surfing on the internet is bloody fast.

Now, they alone cannot block everything like smartTV with hardcoded DNS, DNS-Over-TLS, DNS-Over-HTTPS, etc.

That is where OPNSense comes to play...

I have firewall rules in place that nobody but PiHoles can request name resolution. My Samsung smarTV trying to use Google DNS?? Blocked, PiHole takes over.

Devices trying to use DoT or DoH??? Blocked, PiHoles take over.

You can create dynamic firewall rule with OPNSense so it will only block 443 and 853 if the host match the list which is updated diary.

To make everything even better, OPNSense firewall makes sure no IoT can access the local network but I can access them like wireless printer, etc, and if I need to access anything while on road like my cat's cam or my Voron 3D printer camera, WireGuard VPN makes sure of that. No VPN equals no network access.

It is just me and my devices, at the time of this writing:

* Domains on List: 500k

* Total queries: 43k

* Queries Blocked: 17k

* Percentage Blocked: 39%

I run GrapheneOS on my Pixel phone and very limited apps, I prefer web version. The apps themselves are fully controller and 99% of the access blocked. That is why I have a fairly low numbers after purging all the logs a few days ago.
by xyzzy123 | 2025-05-06 02:55:45+00:00
I think of it more of an aesthetic preference. While I use gmail today I don't negatively view people who choose to self host.

Some people are militant about editors, others are "discerning" (snobbish?) about operating systems or ONLY using free software. It takes all types and they help keep the world going.

It's like a high maintenance garden feature. It signals a few things about you: high technical capacity, unusual amounts of free time, unusual priorities.
by freediver | 2025-05-06 02:56:06+00:00
https://workauthentically.com/interrupting-cow/

"Knock-Knock. Who's there? Interrupting Cow. Interrupting cow who? Moo!

Note that the timing is everything here. You need to yell out your Moo before the other person finishes the Interrupting cow who? portion of the joke, thereby interrupting them. Trust me, it's hilarious! If you spend time with younger kids or with adults who need to lighten up (and who doesn't?!?), try this out on them and see for yourself."

Basically it is about AI interrupting you, and just in the right momment too. Super hard to do from a technical perspective.
by jaybrendansmith | 2025-05-06 02:56:16+00:00
You can always find examples. But it's a question of frequency. I can turn on Fox and in 1 second hear a falsehood. The key is the process ... NPR, BBC, PBS always have to show their sources and are required to have verification of sources. That's how news used to work, but now it doesn't in the 24-hour infotainment cycle. The fact that these public sources must have 2 sources means 99% of what they report is accurate. And when they get it wrong, they print retractions. Until we get back to these journalistic ethics, we will have a public that believes black is white. Somebody must like that.
by jasonjayr | 2025-05-06 02:58:12+00:00
I deployed CNPG (https://cloudnative-pg.io/ ) on my basement k3s cluster, and was very impressed with how easy I could host a PG instance for a service outside the cluster, as well as good practices to host DB clusters inside the cluster.

Oh, and it handles replication, failover, backups, and a litany of other useful features to make running a stateful database, like postgres, work reliably in a cluster.
by mopsi | 2025-05-06 02:58:23+00:00
The quality of recommendations depends on the social circle, I guess. When the Russian Guild of Film Critics picked the 100 best movies from 1908 to 2000, "Ivan Vasilievich Changes His Profession" didn't make it to the list, but the other movies I mentioned did: https://www.imdb.com/list/ls006516589/

That list includes everything from the Wes Anderson-esque "Beware of the Car" to the gritty Western-in-the-East "White Sun of the Desert", to "Come and See", a truly disturbing war drama. Lots to choose from, and many notable omissions still remain, like the wonderful 1977 comedy "Mimino" about a rural helicopter pilot who dreams of flying large airliners, and the "Peculiarities of the National Hunt" from 1995 depicting a Finn with overly romanticized expectations coming to Russia to learn about the traditional hunting customs.
by AnonC | 2025-05-06 02:58:24+00:00
NextDNS is not the answer if someone is looking for apps to toggle on or off the blocking easily. The NextDNS apps on iOS and iPadOS have not been updated for about five years and the toggle is broken (I know this because I’ve been troubled by it for years). If using the app on iOS/iPadOS (and not a permanent VPN profile), anytime you wish to know if NextDNS is on or not, go to test.nextdns.io on a browser and see if it shows “unconfigured” or some specific NextDNS endpoint. For me this test has proven how it randomly works or doesn’t work.
by Barrin92 | 2025-05-06 02:58:51+00:00
I think in general treating email any other way than "everyone will eventually read your mail" makes no sense. Email communication, from forwarding to how people archive, to copy-pasting provides no security and is so brittle, just assume anything you write in an email is for public consumption. Reminds me of a post from a few years ago about encrypted mail as a security LARP (https://www.latacora.com/blog/2020/02/19/stop-using-encrypte...)

If you want secure messaging that nobody else will snoop on use an application dedicated to.. secure messaging. It's never what email was for and it's not how it's being used.
by tptacek | 2025-05-06 03:00:04+00:00
You can just read the posts before trying to rebut the plaintiff in the case. The City of Chicago argued a bunch of stuff, but what matters is what the judges decided. Chicago's "no matter how insignificant" argument failed in Chancery Court and wasn't revived either in Appeals Court or at the Supreme Court.

Ultimately, we lost because the Illinois Supreme Court interpreted the statute such that "file layouts" were per se exempt, regardless of how dangerous they were(n't), and then decided SQL schemas were "file layouts".

(SQL schemas are basically the opposite of file layouts, but whatever).
by wkat4242 | 2025-05-06 03:00:52+00:00
Yes but in the US the ISPs are the intermediary. And the big DoH providers like Cloudflare have better privacy protection.

Here the ISPs are intermediairs too, but we have laws to prevent them from using our data using DPI etc. And even if you use their DNS.

I agree encryption is important but DoT is much better then. DoH mainly took off because of this in the US.
by AStonesThrow | 2025-05-06 03:01:28+00:00
It is interesting if you consider that the Roman Curia has been reformed at least 3 times in the past 60 years, rather dramatically, in fact.

The other fact, that Popes not long ago enjoyed significant temporal power over the Papal States and Holy Roman Empire, shows that the Papacy has indeed been one of the most dynamic and enduring forms of governance in the world.

I fail to see why anyone, especially inconsequential worthless outsiders, would demand that they “go with the flow” and become democratic, for no particular reason, other than it is the new hotness in the world and it may help you win Sid Meier games?
by spacedcowboy | 2025-05-06 03:02:05+00:00
I mean, it's not that hard to "de-google, de-openai, de-meta, de-microsoft your life"

- Don't use gmail

- Don't use chatGPT

- Don't use facebook

- Don't use windows

That's pretty easy if you use a Mac, and I qualify for all of those just because I don't want to use any of the above. I also don't use Twitter, so bonus!

Not that my email is of any value to anyone other than myself, but just not liking any of the services above is sufficient...
by npunt | 2025-05-06 03:03:47+00:00
When the panopticon eventually processes all if its collected data, and winds up scoring you as above some threshold of having the wrong opinions, or being associated with those who do, you may come to a different conclusion.

We're now very much living in the time when this kind of thing is likely to happen, it's no longer theory or paranoia anymore. Why would powers that be stop at snooping on 20k when we can now basically do it to everyone? I mean, look at the present news cycle and think for a second.
by rhelz | 2025-05-06 03:04:42+00:00
Individually, yes, our email doesn't amount to much. But when you can aggregate it, feed it into an LLM, etc.

Kind of like how individually, our little lives and our circle of boring friends doesn't amount to much, but Facebook is one of the most profitable companies in history.

The flip side is that no one person can really do anything about it. If I delete my facebook account, so what? There would need to be aggregate and mass action--against which there are so many prisoner-dilemma-esque barriers that its never going to happen.
by FireBeyond | 2025-05-06 03:04:53+00:00
> When Breaking Bad was on there was a comic strip about how in any other developed country Walter White would have went to the doctor, gotten the cancer treated, and went on with his life.

As the saying goes, "Healthcare is such a complex problem that only 32 of the 33 developed countries in the world have solved it."

I don't get where the "33" number comes from and don't inherently agree, but the point? Yes. As someone who is or has been a citizen of the UK, EU, Australia and the US.
by cryptoz | 2025-05-06 03:05:18+00:00
I mean, for normal people that is exactly how it’s being used. Your receipts for everything are automatically emailed with all kinds of private info for example. Nobody, and I mean nobody, is expecting those receipts to be public. And since all that is in your email you reasonably expect your other email to be private as well.

Email is auth now. People do not use email the way you are describing.
by forgetfulness | 2025-05-06 03:06:11+00:00
That does sound, as you allude, like IBM on its long downward spiral of globbing up products to stay relevant and touting them as an integral solution, while in-house development stuck to keeping legacy products alive for their Enterprise contracts. I wonder if they'll be foolish enough to start doing consulting around them, obliterating their economies of scale in the process; so far they are going with the "consulting partners" approach.

Oh well. Databricks notebooks were hella cool back when companies were willing to spend lavishly on having engineers write cloud hosted Scala in the first place, and at premium prices to boot.
by colanderman | 2025-05-06 03:06:44+00:00
Fantastic find, thank you. Many explorations of nonstandard tunings simply focus on how pure are the various intervals one can form in the tuning. But timbre really does play a crucial and often neglected role. It's been known for a long time for example that carillons, whose overtones more closely approximate a minor chord, sound more consonant when harmonized according to this knowledge.
by timenova | 2025-05-06 03:06:56+00:00
Okay now I am concerned. We're using Neon. We can move easily at this point, but I'm sure they have huge customers storing many terabytes of data where this may be genuinely hard to do.

I went to Archive.org and figured out that in 2023, they announced they were shutting down on May 30th, all databases shutdown on June 30th, only available for downloads after that, and deleted on July 30th.