MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by mfbx9da4 | 2025-05-28 07:12:17+00:00
> Thank you for helping me understand that I had missed context

My pleasure!

> The signing process retains private signing materials under the custody of the sender

In the signing process, with a symmetric key, the signing materials do not remain under the custody of the sender. Both parties need access to the signing key. If the consumer leaks the key they have to notify the sender and vice versa.

Asymmetric signing is used very sparingly in the context of webhooks.

Sorry if I'm misinterpreting your sentence a little too literally here.
by Brajeshwar | 2025-05-28 07:12:24+00:00
I like writing much better,[1] and after a fair share of Moleskin, Field Notes, and a long streak with Muji, I’m now blown away by Midori. I have already gotten a few, and I’m going to get a lot more. The tactile ‘scratch’ of the fountain pen on the Midori Paper is so soothing, it makes me feel like I’m a poet even when I’m writing down the most mundane idea that I just had. :-)

https://brajeshwar.com/2025/notes/
by OutOfHere | 2025-05-28 07:12:52+00:00
See also http://www.hashcash.org/ which is a famous proof-of-work algorithm. The bigger benefit of proof-of-work is not that it's anti-LLM; it is that it's statelessly anti-DoS.

I have been developing a public service, and I intend to use a simple implementation of proof-of-work in it, made to work with a single call without needing back-and-forth information from the server for each request.
by sph | 2025-05-28 07:13:01+00:00
From a quick search:

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-writing-by-ha...

https://stackoverflow.blog/2022/11/23/why-writing-by-hand-is...

Writing by hand definitely is better for a squirrel brain like me. And searching is overrated, most note-taking is write-only and tends to accumulate without anyone ever reading it back. So optimize for memory retention so you can later form better mental associations with the material, rather than how searchable on a computer it is. Notes on a PC are inert, what you want is to integrate their contents into your brain so you can actually do something with it.
by rads | 2025-05-28 07:13:12+00:00
I'm skeptical because I don't think generating the Clojure code is the hard part. These ideas seem more like wishful thinking than actual productivity improvements with the current state of tech.

Developer guided: For the projects I'm currently working on, the understanding is the most difficult part, and writing the code is a way for me to check my understanding as I go. I do use LLMs to generate code when I feel like it can save me time, such as setting up a new project or scaffolding tests, but I think there are diminishing returns the larger and/or more complex the project is. Furthermore, I work on code that other people (or LLMs) are meant to understand, so I value code that is consistent and concise.

Product guided: Even with meat-based agents (i.e humans), there's a limit to how many Jira tickets I can write and junior engineers I can babysit, and this is one of the worst parts of the job to begin with. Furthermore, junior engineers often make mistakes which means I need to have my own understanding to fix the issues. That said, getting feedback from experienced colleagues is invaluable, and that's what I'm currently simulating with LLMs.
by jabl | 2025-05-28 07:13:35+00:00
> This being said, I’ve noticed that many a “big EV” driver will take off from red lights like they’re driving a dragster.

That would be my guess. Occasionally looking at specs from EV's coming on market, they seem to have very powerful engines, and of course the torque curve of electric motors is fantastic. So if you have such a car, and a heavy foot, I can well imagine you going through tires at a decent clip.
by victorbjorklund | 2025-05-28 07:14:22+00:00
Overthink is subjectibe. It really depends on how much you value the answer.

"how long break distance does a train need if going in 100 km/hour?"

Just need a quick reply and you dont care so much (maybe showerthought)? Or is life and death depending on the answer?

The same question can need different amount of thinking.
by oleganza | 2025-05-28 07:15:30+00:00
When I learned crypto 5-10 years ago, it turned out that a lot of "building blocks" are mostly hacks. Looking back from 2020s we see that some of the standards that we use for the last 20-30 years can in principle be thrown out of the window (they can't for compatibility reasons, though) and replaced with much cleaner and more universal replacements.

If we do not talk about modern exotic stuff (post-quantum crypto, zkSNARKS, homomorphic encryption), the 99% of everyday cryptography is based on two building blocks:

1. Symmetric crypto for ciphers and hash functions.

2. Algebraic group with "hard discrete log problem" for key exchange, signatures, asymmetric encryption and simple zero-knowledge proofs.

Historically, these two categories are filled with a zoo of protocols. E.g. AES is a block cipher, but SHA(1,2) is a hash function.

Today, you can roughly achieve everything of the above with two universal building blocks:

- Keccak for all of symmetric crypto: it is suited both for encryption, hashing, duplex transcripts for ZK protocols etc.

- Ristretto255 group based on Curve 25519: for diffie-hellman, signatures, key derivation, threshold schemes, encryption and more.

The problem is that none of the described features is implemented in a turnkey standard, and we are still stuck using older crypto. Heck, even Git is using SHA-1 still.

Then, after you have your building blocks, there are more hairy stuff such as application-specific protocols: TLS, Signal, PAKE/OPAQUE, proprietary hardware security schemes for full disk encryption and access controls etc.
by lenkite | 2025-05-28 07:15:38+00:00
Not sure if I get it. If you are using a product like Github Enterprise, you are already quite aware of what other people are doing. You have a lot of visibility, source-code search, etc. If you have a CICD that auto-creates issues you already can detect breakages, incompatibilities, etc.

State of the "code universe" being atomic seems like a single point of failure.
by seec | 2025-05-28 07:15:41+00:00
Exactly. People looking at a direct 1-to-1 replacement are thinking about it the wrong way. Like you said, newspapers didn't get replaced by another kind of newspaper, various web media took their place.

I was talking about this kind of thing with my father the other day. He was telling me about a friend working in communication work in a very old school way (the Adobe softwares he uses are pre Creative Cloud). He is losing business to youngsters who offer the same kind of product/results for cheaper. Not just because they are young and lack skills but because they use AI to generate stuff that takes him a long time to do. Now he doesn't care because he is close to retirement but the future for people like him is uncertain.

It's pretty clear that over time AI will replace all kind of white-collar work with a crazy efficiency. Now the question is, what will replace those jobs and can we even replace them in our highly automated efficiency world?
by everfree | 2025-05-28 07:16:26+00:00
To join a PoW chain as a profitable miner, you need cooperation from a chip fabrication factory, a local courier, your local government (customs), and your local electricity company, at minimum.

To join a PoS chain as a profitable staker, all you need cooperation from is literally one person anywhere in the world who wants to sell you some of their coins. Then you can stake on commodity hardware.
by LeoPanthera | 2025-05-28 07:16:37+00:00
I'm 99% sure this is a troll, but I hate to see misinformation go uncorrected. If this isn't a troll, you've been misled by fossil fuel industry propaganda, and I'm sorry.

While EVs can be heavier, they often achieve high safety ratings due to their low center of gravity and robust battery protection. Advanced safety features are standard.

Studies suggest that EV charging, especially when managed, can help stabilize or even lower electricity rates for everyone by improving grid utilization.

Many new technologies, including EVs, receive initial support to foster adoption and scale production, similar to past support for other industries.

While EV manufacturing has an upfront carbon footprint, their lifetime CO2 emissions are typically lower than gasoline cars, even with current energy grids. This advantage grows significantly as more renewables are added. Hybrids are a good step, but full EVs generally offer a greater reduction in emissions over their lifespan.

Charging infrastructure is rapidly expanding and improving in reliability. Typical daily driving is well within the range of modern EVs, and charging to 80% is often a time-saving measure for DC fast charging and helps prolong battery health, not a fundamental range flaw. Preconditioning optimizes battery performance but the energy used is a small fraction of overall capacity.

Efficient hybrids have their place, but EVs represent a significant step forward in reducing transportation emissions and improving urban air quality.
by dezgeg | 2025-05-28 07:16:57+00:00
> Every time I've been monorepos compares with polyrepos it's always "monorepo plus millions of dollars of custom tool engineering" vs "stock polyrepo"

The costs of the infra/build/CI work are of course more visible when there is a dedicated team doing it. If there is no such central team, the cost is just invisibly split between all the teams. In my experience this is more costly overall, due to every team rolling their own thing and requiring them to be jack-of-all-trades in rolling their own infra/build/CI.

> And I don't see how discovery changes significantly from browsing through loads of repositories instead of loads of directories in a repository

If repository permissions aren't set centrally but every team gets to micromanage them, then they usually end up too restrictive and you don't get even read-only access.
by TZubiri | 2025-05-28 07:18:17+00:00
" and LLM scrapers may well have lots of CPU time available through means such as compromised machines."

It's not clear whether the author means LLM scrapers in the sense of scrapers that gather training data for Foundational Models, LLM scrapers that browse the web to provide up to date answers, or vibe coders and agents that use browsers at the bequest of the programmer or the user.

But in none of those myriad of cases can I imagine compromised machines being relevant. If we are talking about compromised machines, it's irrelevant if an LLM is involved and how, it's a distributed attack completely unrelated to LLMs.
by gambiting | 2025-05-28 07:18:40+00:00
So obviously and logically speaking, an ICE car of equivalent weight should have the same tyre wear, and we know that's not true - there are some very heavy ICEs around which still manage to do 50k miles on a single set of tyres without any issue. EVs have instant torque from 0rpm and people use it and that's the main reason.

Case in point - we have a Volkswagen e-Up, it barely weighs 1000kg, it's pretty much one of the lightest cars on the road. And yet it goes through its front tyres like nothing, and that's despite very modest power output of only 80bhp. But I do accelerate hard as it's so easy to do - so it's reflected in the tyre wear.
by ratorx | 2025-05-28 07:18:59+00:00
Flakes seem a lot more magic under the hood, whereas Niv is just providing the arguments to existing Nix functions. They need special handling for nested dependencies (“follows” is a bit weird and hard to discover). With Niv, everything is just a function evaluation. Dependencies source caching is non-obvious for nested dependencies, with Niv it is more explicit (although you do need to manually instantiate them, but I prefer the explicitness).

Nothing major, but it just adds a bit of cognitive load.
by jack101311 | 2025-05-28 07:19:18+00:00
Thank you. I really appreciate your help. By the way, the v0.0.2 update has been released. I added a function to remove 80 ~ 90 % of the Ads on any webpages to make the layout cleaner. And some desktop users want dark theme, so I added a switch to toggle between dark and light theme. As for UI improvement, I'll do it in the later updates.
by dezgeg | 2025-05-28 07:20:14+00:00
> Take your monorepo, split it into n repos by directory at certain depth from root, write very a rudimentary VCS wrapper script to sync all the repos in tandem and you have already solved a lot of pain points.

Then you lose the capability to atomically make a commit that crosses repoes. I'm not sure if there is any forge that allows that, except Gerrit might with its topics feature (I've not gotten the opportunity to try that).
by anal_reactor | 2025-05-28 07:20:38+00:00
> Something sobering to keep in mind is that the vast majority of people have the logical and mathematical capabilities of a good ten-year-old.

I had a period of my life where I read a lot of "you're not special" on reddit, but then I finally understood that the ability to think logically on the most basic level already makes me very special. After spending some time with people from lower social classes and genuinely trying to bond with them I became elitist. These people just don't fucking think.
by gambiting | 2025-05-28 07:21:12+00:00
>>All else equal

That's equivalent to those high school physics exercises that say "assume zero friction and no gravity". Everything else isn't equal with EVs because they make accelerating from standstill so effortless without any obvious downside that people do it back to back like it's nothing, while in an ICE you'd have to drive like a madman dumping the clutch every time just to get the same torque at the start. If you had two cars accelerating at the same rate then sure, the heavier one would wear out its tyres faster - but that's just not how people drive EVs(broadly speaking).
by johnb231 | 2025-05-28 07:21:31+00:00
Intel's older 13th and 14th gen CPUs still have the fastest single core performance. But they are operating at their physical limit and tend to stop working after a few months. Unreliable trash.

https://browser.geekbench.com/processor-benchmarks

https://www.theverge.com/2024/7/26/24206529/intel-13th-14th-...

EDIT: Apple has the fastest single core https://browser.geekbench.com/mac-benchmarks
by m101 | 2025-05-28 07:25:23+00:00
It is not a troll.

I was talking about safety for the drivers in the car that collide with the EV. They are less safe with EVs on the road.

When we have marginal electricity pricing, and electric cars necessarily being marginal demand, then they will ramp pricing a lot for all users, not just those driving electric cars. This far outweighs the benefit of grid balancing services (which this green revolution has created the need for).

I think you are not informed on the cost of renewables and therefore co2 cost. Just look at interconnection fees in the US. They have until recently got off for free on being added to the grid, but there was always a cost they imposed on the grid they didn't pay for. Now they have to pay high fees, and therefore high co2 costs to upgrade grid infrastructure.

My experience, in the UK and Europe, with ev infrastructure has been pretty terrible, especially when compared to just filling up with petrol. The cost advantage is also disappearing fast especially at public charging electricity rates.

Efficiency above 80% is clearly worse than below 80%. I drove 30k miles in a Tesla on road trips and saw that consistently.

I forgot to mention that once I lost 3% battery in waiting in the heat and air conditioning at a border crossing one time. That glass ceiling is not a good idea in hot climates.
by Pavilion2095 | 2025-05-28 07:25:43+00:00
> As it has become more and more untenable for anti-EV propagandists to deny the air quality benefits of EVs, a common refrain from them has become “but tailpipe emissions aren’t everything, what about brakes and tires, huh?!”

What is this website? Tell me about the story, don't argue with imaginary haters and trolls. The writing is so poor there.
by gofreddygo | 2025-05-28 07:26:56+00:00
Funny. I was tolling the virtues of my spiral notebook which is always on my desk to a coworker, whom I was trying to get out of some trouble and i got... silence. That notebook is the difference between said coworker and I. She didn't get it.

That notebook is the fastest most accessible tool to capture my thoughts. I can state concisely what was discussed in a team meeting last october before any notetaking tool boots up. I know kids names, birthdays and favorite movies of almost all my coworkers which I can glance without switching windows while sharing my screen.

the impossibility of such content being legible to anyone else and being shared is a feature I value very highly.

i take it where i want, introspect, take notes. No screen. No distractions. I doodle, draw lines, write jokes, whatever.

Pages on the right are work things. On the left are my ideas. Index on the first page tells me exactly where to turn to for that idea and mockups i had on filling tedious forms.

I know when I'm spinning my wheels. I can see the gaps in my thinking from months ago. I can see patterns in human behavior that I would otherwise have not noticed.

The simplicity is a huge advantage. I stopped looking for anything better. I don't try to promote it either (except on rare occasions). Saved me hours.
by Tade0 | 2025-05-28 07:27:00+00:00
Audi had an interesting proposition regarding making electric cars actually clean the air as opposed to just avoiding emissions:

https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/press-releases/audi-urba...

ICE cars already do that in a way, as they suck a significant amount of air through their intake filters (CADR = displacement x RPM).

Audi's filter was supposed to have been more fine-grained to catch brake dust and tire particles, but sufficient legislation never materialized, so the project was shelved.
by csomar | 2025-05-28 07:27:02+00:00
I couldn't find an email in your profile, so feel free to shoot me a message instead? (you can find my email on my profile page ;) ). I'm currently building a startup (https://codeinput.com) focused on merge request workflows - handling conflicts, reviews, queues, and all the related pain points - and open to hear and get in touch with other developers who are interested in these tools.
by chickenbig | 2025-05-28 07:27:06+00:00
> seems 'ambitious' without any very generous dedicated donation (are you interested in giving?).

There was plenty of anti-nuclear money floating about years ago; https://www.influencewatch.org/movement/opposition-to-nuclea... lists quite a few organisations interested in opposing nuclear power in the USA. As for the cost, surely a few weeks of boat/submersible time every few years would suffice.

> Maybe, maybe not. It would have been way more expensive.

I was coming from the radiation protection perspective; less liable to dose the denizens of the deep were they to swim next to the waste. Also in the mud is better from an immobilisation perspective.

> IMHO the nuclear folks liked to be able to dump waste from a barge. Asking them to dig the seabed...

Perhaps we are speaking cross-purposes; the digging would be for spent nuclear fuel (or the vitrified waste) where the vast majority of activity is. As for contaminated suits and the like, disposal on land is a good enough option.

> If someone lacerates the tattooed arm of someone else

It is more helpful to study what happens in industry as a whole. Industrial accidents do happen, after which investigations are performed. An intolerance of accidents isn't a viable approach, but reasonable steps must be taken to keep risk to workers low.
by sky2224 | 2025-05-28 07:28:26+00:00
Some of the most intelligent people I've ever met in math, physics, and computer science don't even use a notebook. They use printer paper and pen. When they're done, they throw the paper away.

I have seldom found personal notes from far in the past to be useful. If there's something worth noting down, then it goes into documentation, so others can stumble upon whatever quirk I've come across in the future. If there's something I really want to remember, I create flashcards and do spaced repetition until I've learned the thing. But that's just me, and I imagine my way doesn't work for a lot of people.

I think people are taking this post a little too personally and literally. This is a writer's piece. The title is meant to share a philosophy that this developer subscribes to. Nothing about it is declaring that others must subscribe to it as well.

If a pen and notebook don't work for you, then don't use it.
by sznio | 2025-05-28 07:28:29+00:00
I'd really like this, since it wouldn't impact my scraping stuff.

I like to scrape websites and make alternative, personalized frontends for them. Captchas are really painful for me. Proof of work would be painful for a massive scraping operation, but I wouldn't have an issue with spending some CPU time to get the latest posts from a site which doesn't have an RSS feed or an API.
by MagicMoonlight | 2025-05-28 07:30:33+00:00
Please stop it with the tyre nonsense.

The world is burning. Hundreds of millions people are going to die. We have a solution… and you won’t let us use it because it increases the rubber levels in people who lick tyres. As if that matters. So what if there are more rubber particles in their mouths? We can eliminate vehicle pollution!
by unsungNovelty | 2025-05-28 07:32:18+00:00
I have tried both. Going fully digital and fully notebook oriented. The best I have come up with is to have long term notes in a note app but your on going current thought process in a book. Like what you are currently doing or it's process.

This helps with the search and copy issue of going physical. But writing things for your ongoing process / tasks makes you remember things so much better. Sometimes, all I have to do is write. I don't have refer them. But if I have to, I usually have a better sense of how I got to the end result cos I have the journey written down in my notebook. Also being a fountain pen lover helps.
Ask HN: How are startups finding their markets?
by mafiaa | 2025-05-28 07:32:31+00:00
Maybe this is just my ignorance, but I cannot possibly see how any of the recently funded YC start-ups could ever turn a profit.

They all follow a common trope - offer an AI solution to a niche problem with a generic pitch (leveraging LLMs.. RAG pipelines.. so on so fourth)

Now this is fine and all since they managed to obtain funding, but after looking at their respective founder profiles, a little less than half seem to have actual domain experience regarding their start-up market. I am not saying this to discredit them, as they all have incredible achievements in technology and management, it is just interesting to see.

How are they able to find their markets and respective problems that need solving? Are these companies even viable, or are they just a pipe-shoot of quickly executed ideas trying to market themselves on the "AI hype"?
by blippage | 2025-05-28 07:34:02+00:00
As an experiment I tried

yes | pv > /dev/null

and was getting about 5.4GiB/s

On the fasm code, I was getting a meagre 7.3MiB/s. Ouch! The non-assembly version is considerably faster. I wonder if it is because I make a syscall for every write I want to perform, whereas C uses buffering, or something.
by mosselman | 2025-05-28 07:34:12+00:00
Thanks for pointing this out. In the same vein there are so many posts about productivity systems where people put endless amount of time into crafting their gtd notebooks with tabs and lists, etc. All that time spent to be productive instead of actually being productive. Or people describing their ideal Obsidian work flows instead of actually noting anything useful down in it. People writing about how they built their own blogging engine because their particular way of blogging is so unique that they had to hand-roll something. All that time spent on building a blog rather than blogging. (I've been there too).

I love "This isn't craftsmanship cosplay, it's software engineering.". I will definitely steal this, let me put it in my notebook.