MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by antognini | 2025-05-26 21:01:25+00:00
The theory is that the states forfeit certain aspects of their sovereignty, but not their entire sovereignty, by entering into a federation with the other states in the United States. The specific aspects of their sovereignty that they forfeit are those powers explicitly enumerated in the Constitution. As you note, this would include the ability to enter into treaties. But the 10th Amendment (at least in theory) guarantees that they retain their sovereignty in all other areas of governance.

There is still a distinction between US territories and states, because while in practice the territories are self governing, they have no Constitutional right to self governance. The federal government grants them some degree of autonomy as a matter of pragmatism, but the federal government has the power to revoke this autonomy by a simple act of Congress. The same cannot be said of states.
by KennyBlanken | 2025-05-26 21:01:39+00:00
I don't know which is worse - that this "researcher" didn't turn over the dump to an org like haveibeenpwned so that any good whatsoever would come of this, or that he thinks he can "disclaim liability."

> I disclaim any and all liability for any and all actions that may be taken as a result of this disclosure.
by lamp_book | 2025-05-26 21:02:13+00:00
In my opinion it will or already has redefined our conceptual models of intelligence - just like physical models of atoms or gravitational mechanics evolved and newer models replace the older. The older models aren't invalidated (all models are wrong, after all), but their limits are better understood.

People are waiting for this Prometheus-level moment with AI where it resembles us exactly but exceeds our capabilities, but I don't think that's necessary. It parallels humanity explaining Nature in our own image as God and claiming it was the other way around.
by baq | 2025-05-26 21:02:47+00:00
5 minutes per day for a year or two is about equivalent to ~2-3 weeks of traveling to your country of choice and just trying to talk with people on purpose. It’s probably easier to do in Italy than in Finland, but ultimately nothing beats just being there. Duolingo might just be enough to give you an okish on-ramp to that experience.
by cycomanic | 2025-05-26 21:02:50+00:00
That article is really low on details and mixes up a lot of things. It compares microleds to traditional WDM fiber transmission systems with edge emitting DFB lasers and ECLs, but in datacentre interconnects there's plenty of optical links already and they use VCSELs (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers), which are much cheaper to manufacture. People also have been putting these into arrays and coupling to multi-core fiber. The difficulty here is almost always packaging, i.e. coupling the laser. I'm not sure why microleds would be better.

Also transmitting 10 Gb/s with a led seems challenging. The bandwidth of an incoherent led is large, so are they doing significant DSP (which costs money and energy and introduces latency) or are they restricting themselves to very short (10s of m) links?
by Nirel | 2025-05-26 21:02:59+00:00
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by Retr0id | 2025-05-26 21:03:10+00:00
Dropping (or rather, heavily quantizing) the high frequency components does create runs of zeroes with high probability. The order the components are stored (a diagonal zig-zag) pushes the likely-to-be-zero elements together. At higher quality settings you might not have actual runs of zeroes, but you'll at the least have runs of low-entropy values.
by meatmanek | 2025-05-26 21:03:58+00:00
I suspect this works better because the input videos (Youtube videos) have already been compressed and decompressed.

With raw video input, I think the assumption "most pixels change little (or not at all) between consecutive frames, creating a sparse difference matrix ideal for this approach." would break down. For a very clean signal (low-noise sensor, brightly lit scene), maybe it'd work, but most real-world signals will have noise > 1 LSB, so I'd expect the lower bits to be changing at least half the time.

Sending the video through a compression and decompression cycle first will tend to remove that noise, creating an artificially static video where that assumption holds up.
by nicbou | 2025-05-26 21:04:23+00:00
A walled garden or paywalled website would go completely against the website's ethos. Everything is meant to be free for everyone. "Information wants to be free." Besides, those who stand to benefit the most from that information are the ones who can the least afford it.

The bots are not a solution, they're table stakes. Withholding that information would not do anyone any justice.
by skippyboxedhero | 2025-05-26 21:04:50+00:00
Exactly.

I would read about what actually happened. There were multiple failures in the Home Office, in particular some statistics were incorrectly reported by the Rudd (I am not sure why you are talking about May) based on figures she was told by civil servants, she then had to resign. Not only that but the correct figures were actually leaked to the press shortly after (this is something that has happened in the Home Office before).

Okay, and it has halved to the highest level ever. If you want to have ones of these interminable discussions about your favourite politicians, please stop. I am not interested in hearing which colour rosette you prefer, and how everything is the fault of the other guys. It is complete and total nonsense. The reason why we have the system we have is because it is too easy for a politician to claim they will fix everything (the drop in immigration is nothing to do with Starmer either, it was to do with the Tories whose legacy on immigration is unspeakable, it has halved to a level that is unbelievably high).

Yes, it is the fault of the civil service because, as I assume you don't understand, ministers legally have a limited set of options when they are making policy (this was one of the issues the Tories faced, Rwanda was a variation of a policy that had been explored since the early 2000s...it wasn't a new policy, which is why Labour are now going down the same route...we had an election, same policies). They come into office, explain to the civil servants what they want to do, and then they are given a choice of policies...if a minister chooses not to one of these things then the policy can later be challenged in the courts, and legal discovery can be used to overturn the policy if there is no legal basis for it (essentially, whether it was approved by the civil service).

Every new government comes in finding the same thing. You are already seeing people in Labour complain about Reeves...well, guess what? There are no alternatives. Your comment about Reform-lite is ridiculous, every party is Reform, every party is Labour, every party is the Tories. The game continues as long as people like you give it credibility by suggesting that voting has any impact and will change anything...it won't. A lot of the briefing that the press get is from the civil service too...I can't understand how you can talk about immigration and then complain about the press...why do you think Johnson increased immigration? The press, relentless briefing from lobbyists, relentless pressure from civil servants in the Home Office briefing against the government (the Home Office is notorious for this btw, as I just explained above, I remember Charles Clarke complaining about this...unbelivable).
by albertzeyer | 2025-05-26 21:05:50+00:00
There is also optical neuromorphic computing, as an alternative to electronic neuromorphic computing like memristors. It's an fascinating field, where you use optical signals to perform analog computing. For example:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-020-00754-y

https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-022-00024-5

As far as I understood, you can only compute quite small neural networks until the noise signal gets too large, and also only a very limited set of computations works well in photonics.
by cycomanic | 2025-05-26 21:06:36+00:00
Phase variations will not introduce any issues here, they most certainly are talking about intensity modulation. You can't really (easily) do coherent modulation using incoherent light sources like leds.

SNR is obviously an issue for any communication system, however fiber attenuation is orders of magnitude lower than coax.

The bigger issues in this case would be mode-dispersion, considering that they are going through "imaging" fibres, i.e. different spatial components of the light walking off to each other causing temporal spread of the pulses until they overlap and you can't distinguish 1's and 0's.
by AStonesThrow | 2025-05-26 21:06:41+00:00
"Standard library" is sort of a C-specific term.

"builtins" are primitives that Bash can use internally without calling fork()/exec(). In fact, builtins originated in the Bourne shell to operate on the current shell process, because they would have no effect in a subprocess or subshell.

In addition to builtins and commands, Bash also defines "reserved words", which are keywords to make loops and control the flow of the script.

https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Reserved-...

Many distros will ship a default or skeleton .bashrc which includes some useful aliases and functions. This is sort of like a "standard library", if you like having 14 different standards.

https://gist.github.com/marioBonales/1637696

'[' is an external binary in order to catch any shell or script that does not interpret it as a builtin operator. There may be a couple more. Under normal circumstances, it won't actually be invoked, as a Bash script would interpret '[' as the 'test' builtin.
by KaiserPro | 2025-05-26 21:07:19+00:00
> Police Scotland posted on its Twitter,

is a different body and has different laws to England.

The Communications Act prohibits what are at best vaguely-defined "offensive communications"

Actually is gross offense.

> speech and almost half of those were prosecuted.

For gross offense, or threatening communications? Because there is a world of difference. Its the same act that is used to procecute someone sending death threats as it is for "gross offense"

> jailed for posting emojis of an ethnic minority with an emoji of a gun.

yeah but you missed out the other bits. Like the photo it was attached to, the other words he wrote, and _when_ he wrote it

> for saying illegals should be mass-deported

yeah I couldnt find that one.

> Let's not pretend "due process" is worth a damn

It is worth a dam, because thats how law works.
by Aurornis | 2025-05-26 21:07:44+00:00
If you found your exact code in another client’s hands then it’s almost certainly because it was shared between them by a person. (EDIT: Or if you’re claiming you used Copilot to generate a section of code for you, it shouldn’t be surprising when another team asking Copilot to solve the same problem gets similar output)

For your story to be true, it would require your GitHub Copilot LLM provider to use your code as training data. That’s technically possible if you went out of your way to use a Bring Your Own Key API, then used a “free” public API that was free because it used prompts as training data, then you used GitHub Copilot on that exact code, then that underlying public API data was used in a new training cycle, then your other client happened to choose that exact same LLM for their code. On top of that, getting verbatim identical output based on a single training fragment is extremely hard, let alone enough times to verbatim duplicate large sections of code with comment idiosyncrasies intact.

Standard GitHub Copilot or paid LLMs don’t even have a path where user data is incorporated into the training set. You have to go out of your way to use a “free” public API which is only free to collect training data. It’s a common misconception that merely using Claude or ChatGPT subscriptions will incorporate your prompts into the training data set, but companies have been very careful not to do this. I know many will doubt it and believe the companies are doing it anyway, but that would be a massive scandal in itself (which you’d have to believe nobody has whistleblown)
by fn-mote | 2025-05-26 21:08:12+00:00
> I just scale my homework assignments until they reach or exceed sightly the amount of work I expect a student to be able to do with AI.

1. Absurd. The measurement should be learning not “work”. My students move rocks with a forklift… so I give them more rocks to move?

2. From the university I’m looking for intellectual leadership. Professors thinking critically about what learning means and how to discuss it with students. The potential is there, but let’s not walk like zombies unthinking into a future where the disappearance of ChatGPT 8.5 renders thousands of people unable to meet the basic requirements of their jobs. Or its appearance renders them unemployed.
by hombre_fatal | 2025-05-26 21:08:19+00:00
This is just barking up the wrong tree and it applies to everything that people use.

The root issue here is that La Liga is able to get a court to shut down a web host. It's shouldn't be anyone's problem but La Liga's that people pirate their stream, but a court let them make it everyone's problem. And there are any number of dumb things the court could have let them do, and turning CF into a utility company that can get shut down by the court doesn't solve the issue.

Finally, the main/original reason CF is useful is because the internet was created naively with no protections against bad actors. Weakening CF just empowers bad actors like LaLiga that much more at the expense of the rest of us. Being able to cloak my origin behind CF so that LaLiga or any other overpowered government or private entity doesn't know who I am is a feature. LaLiga having no option but to throw a tantrum that takes down half the internet is also a feature, and not one we should quickly hand away just because, idk, we can imagine some utopian vision where CF is unnecessary.
by bgnn | 2025-05-26 21:08:21+00:00
one can implement SerDes at any point of the electro-optical boundary. For example, if we have 1 Tbps incoming NRZ data from the fiber, and the CMOS technology at hand only allows 10 GHz clock speed for the slicers, one can have 100x receivers (photodiode, TIA, slicer), or 1x photodiode, 100x TIA + slicer, or 1x photodiode + TIA and 100x slicers. The most common id the last one, and it spits out 100x parallel data.

Things get interesting if the losses are high and there needs to be a DFE. This limits speed a lot, but then copper solutions moved to sending multi-bit symbols (PAM 3, 4,5,6,8,16.. ) which can also be done in optical domain. One can even send multiple wavelengths in optical domain, so there are ways to boost the baud rate without requiring high clock frequencies.
by felineflock | 2025-05-26 21:08:25+00:00
Please tell me if I understood it correctly:

It implements voxels via <input type="radio" />.

Each of the faces of each voxel is configured via <label>s, one for each face having a different CSS class.

There is a voxel for each type of block (dirt, grass, stone, etc) and only one is activated at a time.

The <input>s are arranged in a 9x9 grid 10 blocks tall times the number of different types of blocks (about 6500 total).

All that is enclosed with <div>s with CSS classes that respond to the camera navigation (look up/down, move up/down, forward/back, clockwise/counter)

That is brilliant!
by skippyboxedhero | 2025-05-26 21:09:04+00:00
Yes, the Troubles are a huge factor, the security services play a huge and unwelcome part in our political process. I think I mentioned elsewhere, I assume most people are familiar with this but most of the media campaigns that accompany legislation are pushed by the police/security services.

Online Safety Act was an example, there was a massive media campaign over multiple years. I believe the case that caused it happened nearly ten years ago now, it went quiet for years and then suddenly sparked back up again, parents put out in front of the media...every time.

And it is a legacy of things like the Troubles where you have massive internal political instability and these kind of things become normal. These powers aren't formal though, it is all informal. If we are talking about Europe, you see the same thing in Germany (to an extent, in Germany there is a paranoia about political parties, different but historical context).
by PaulDavisThe1st | 2025-05-26 21:09:09+00:00
"build and deploy" are two entirely different tasks.

Both the macOS .app design, and various ad-hoc Linux packaging strategies deal with the deployment step in a relatively trivial, extremely non-invasive way.

The build step is something else entirely, and while I can imagine that for some projects what Nix offers has much value, for others the problem is solved by a permanently deployed build stack (or stacks) whose specificity goes beyond anything that a distro-managed system could offer.
by cycomanic | 2025-05-26 21:09:10+00:00
What the previous poster is implying is that electrons interact much more strongly than photons. Hence electrons are very good for processing (e.g. building a transistor), while photons are very good for information transfer. This is also a reason why much of the traditional "optical computer" research was fundamentally flawed, just from first principles one could estimate that power requirements are prohibitive.
by catigula | 2025-05-26 21:09:14+00:00
I understand your intentions but I'm skeptical even this solves the problem.

Realistically I think we're just moving away from knowledge-work and efforts to resuscitate it are just varying levels of triage for a bleeding limb.

In the actual workplace with people making hundreds of thousands a year (the top echelon of what your class is trying to prepare students for) I'm not seeing output increase with AI tools so clearly effort is just decreasing for the same amount of output.

Perhaps your class is just supposed to be easier now and that's okay.
by cyberax | 2025-05-26 21:09:40+00:00
I read it. It sounds like nonsense.

This is basic thermodynamics, you can do however much hydrophobic/hydrophilic nanomaterials, but you won't get condensation unless you somehow conduct away the latent heat. This can be done by storing energy in the material itself (that's how desiccants work), or by providing a temperature gradient (a cooler).
by lisper | 2025-05-26 21:09:46+00:00
> Lean and Rocq

Yep, I get that. But I don't think of these as programming languages, I think of them as proof assistants. Related for sure, but different enough that IMHO it is unwise to conflate them.

> SQL

Again, a whole different beast. Database query languages are distinct from programming languages which are distinct from proof assistants. All related, but IMHO they ought not to be conflated. There is a reason that SQLite3 is written in C and not in SQL.

> it’s often brought up (as I think you did here) to cast doubt on the viability of static typing in practice

I bring up Godel just to show that static typing cannot be a panacea. You are necessarily going to have false positives or false negatives or both. If you're OK with that, fine, more power to you. But don't judge me if I'm not OK with it.

> There is a type theory rabbit hole, for sure. I think there is also a Smalltalk and Lisp rabbit hole. I would like them to meet somehow.

You want Coalton :-)

https://coalton-lang.github.io/
by 90s_dev | 2025-05-26 21:10:32+00:00
I've noticed that too, LAMP stack vs MEAN stack etc.

Part of it seems to be that software languages have "flavors" like natural spoken language does, so that one seems natural to one person and foreign to another, much like how DHH took TypeScript out of Rails, and I can't read Rails code or live without static types.

Also college kids are always learning what the last generation already knew (like Lisp) and reinvent everything in it with the vigor of their youth and it gets popular, which I imagine is how Rails and Redis both started and caught on.

But sometimes there are genuine innovations, and we can't build on them until someone comes up with them, much like how we couldn't invent machines until someone figured out that we could just use the lever to make gears to transport energy, which Archimedes didn't think of. And the more we learn collectively, the more these things spread.

I wonder if this means it'll all stabilize into a JavaScript-like toolchain one day. Maybe Gary Bernhardt was right all along.
by zeta0134 | 2025-05-26 21:11:44+00:00
Would the solution not be to pivot to more in-person demonstrations of skill and knowledge? Say the tests and exams become hand written, or taken in a controlled lab or whatever, so you need to eventually pick up the skill. But how you pick up the skill is irrelevant.

Maybe the issue is, somewhat, the concept of graded homework in the first place. It's meant to be practice material, but is only actually useful as practice material if students put in that work. A lot of students come to resent the mountains of at-home work as the busywork that it feels like in the moment, and I feel like this whole set of emotions underpins the argument but isn't really called out for what it is all that often. Teachers understand the value of actually doing that practice, but the grading system rewards, instead, rushing through the busywork as quickly as possible. Are we not testing for the right things?
by thaumasiotes | 2025-05-26 21:13:06+00:00
> Why do you think the graduating students had no idea of what was going on?

I don't; I think I had no idea what was going on after reading the entire "article", which makes me question the writing of the article.

Does Matt Vogel normally write Kermit's lines? Did he write anything that people admire about Kermit?
by Aurornis | 2025-05-26 21:13:45+00:00
GitHub won’t use private repos for training data. You’d have to believe that they were lying about their policies and coordinating a lot of engineers into a conspiracy where not a single one of them would whistleblow about it.

Copilot won’t send your data down a path that incorporates it into training data. Not unless you do something like Bring Your Own Key and then point it at one of the “free” public APIs that are only free because they use your inputs as training data. (EDIT: Or if you explicitly opt-in to the option to include your data in their training set, as pointed out below, though this shouldn’t be surprising)

It’s somewhere between myth and conspiracy theory that using Copilot, Claude, ChatGPT, etc. subscriptions will take your data and put it into their training set.