MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by tsimionescu | 2025-04-18 09:49:41+00:00
Well, the point is actually pretty simple. You start with an equation that works for some galaxies. Then you find a galaxy where it doesn't work - you adjust the equation and now it works again. But then you find a new galaxy where it still doesn't work, you adjust again. You try this for 5, 10, 20 galaxies, just adjust the equation - but at some point there is a limit where the equation doesn't bare any more adjustment, and you still have hundreds of other galaxies that don't work.

So, the alternative that starts being simpler is a single simple equation that works for all galaxies, but allow each galaxy to have varying amounts of stuff in it with mass, but that doesn't interact electromagnetically. Right now, this is the simplest solution we have that fits all observations well.

Is it the right answer? We won't be sure unless we can detect particles that fit the necessary characteristics, and a theory that explains the distribution of these particles in different kinds of galaxies. Unfortunately, the models we have allow these particles to be arbitrarily hard to detect, at the level that we can't really rule them out even if we had a particle accelerator the size of the Earth that didn't find them.

Now, in principle a different equation could exist that has the same solutions as the current equations where they work, and different solutions where they don't work, without adding O(number of galaxies) extra parameters. But just like the dark matter particles, unless we stumble upon it, we can't know if it exists or not.
by lambertsimnel | 2025-04-18 09:50:23+00:00
I don't think there are any easy answers to the question of how to respond to this but you might consider:

- voting with your feet

- contacting your elected representatives

- contacting media outlets

- becoming a member or donor of civil liberties campaigns

- listening to people who don't yet get it and trying to ensure that they can switch to your view without losing face
by zemvpferreira | 2025-04-18 09:50:51+00:00
Because panicking when you're being rag-dolled by even smallish waves can kill you, let alone waves of consequence. I don't have the words to describe what it feels like to be pushed to the bottom of the ocean by a wave, then just as you feel like you're running out of air be pushed back down by the next wave, and the next wave. You have no idea which direction is up and which is down, or how long it's been since you stopped breathing. 30 seconds will feel like death if you're not properly trained. Your very large very stiff board will be tumbling with you and could knock you unconscious or split your head open at any time.

My girlfriend got to be a decent surfer (~5 years practice and a former competitive swimmer) but never invested in learning the ocean. In 2018 she went out in a break she didn't know, in conditions above her league. Nothing too big (maybe 5 feet) but strong and relentless. Conclusion: She got sucked into the washing machine during a set and nearly drowned. Had to have the water beaten out of her lungs to restart breathing. Now she has panic attacks just getting into a flat ocean for a swim.

The sea is no joke. I encourage everyone to try surfing, it's a great hobby. But less than 10% of it is riding waves.
by raluk | 2025-04-18 09:50:55+00:00
I learned programming using mIRC scripting. There used to be bunch of quiz chaneles about trivia. I logged channel to collect questions and then wrote script that provided response after some time based on linear function k + n*len(response). That was my fist piece of software I wrote. mirc scrpting based on event system was super nice system to work with. Later I also wrote chat bot and i collected have some funny conversations with strangers.
by louthy | 2025-04-18 09:51:00+00:00
> There's a subtle difference between using something for 5 hours per day vs causing the heat death of the universe.

Replace 'heat death of the universe' with 'the available funds of the organisation'. Nobody should be so naive to think that any 'unlimited' service is unlimited in the same way as there's an unlimited set of natural-numbers, or any other mathematically pure meaning. There are plenty of words where the precise meaning isn't used any more ('myriad' is one that jumps to mind right now, nobody uses it to mean 10,000 any more).

I'm sure if there was a word that meant: "effectively unlimited for the majority, but there's a limit for the extreme outliers" I'm sure it would be used as an alternative, I don't know of one?

I agree that the absolute upper-limits should be upfront. So the local definition of 'unlimited' is clear. I believe that's what Kagi is moving toward, if I'm reading FAQ correctly.
by chii | 2025-04-18 09:51:16+00:00
> without accepting contributions.

it's not even contributions, but that other people might start asking for features, discuss direction independently (which is fine, but jblow has been on the record saying that he doesn't want even the distraction of such).

The current idea of doing jai closed sourced is to control the type of people who would be able to alpha test it - people who would be capable of overlooking the jank, but would have feedback for fundamental issues that aren't related to polish. They would also be capable of accepting alpha level completeness of the librries, and be capable of dissecting a compiler bug from their own bug or misuse of a feature etc.

You can't get any of these level of control if the source is opened.
by xg15 | 2025-04-18 09:52:42+00:00
I find it fascinating that a lot of traditional holidays seem to have acquired multiple, sometimes conflicting narratives over the ages.

Christmas is the most obvious one (what does a bearded dude on the north pole have to do with the birth of Jesus? For Germans specifically: The "Christkind" is Baby Jesus, but its also a kind of spirit of its own who brings presents, and for some reason usually depicted as a girl?)

But you also have a similar thing for Carnival: Traditionally, it's the last feast before Lent (where Lent is also an expanded narrative of Easter!). But there are also all kinds of local narratives layered on top of it, like the Rhineland "Session", which begins in November, is somewhat awkwardly interrupted by Christmas and ends with Carnival as its sort of "grand finale".

And then Easter has the triple narrative as the death and ascension of Jesus, the feast after the end of Lent (so a bit like Islam's Eid al Fitr) and the beginning of spring.

In some way, it reminds me of the sprawling lore and extended universes/fan canons around Star Wars or other Scifi or Fantasy franchises, except on a much, much larger scale. I think it's all pretty fun.
by blululu | 2025-04-18 09:53:21+00:00
I have mailed a potato before. Sent it to a friend to celebrate Columbus Day (this was back when we overlooked his atrocities because it was a cool Italian guy who trafficked exotic nightshades across the Atlantic). It arrived just fine. The postal worker was quite helpful about wrapping it up with the appropriate postage. Post your address on the public internet and I’m sure you will get a lot more potatoes than you would expect.
by carlos-menezes | 2025-04-18 09:54:00+00:00
It works fine when your function takes a single primary argument—like `getLastWord(word: string, options?: TGetLastWordOptions): string | undefined`. The function name makes the purpose clear, and with just one main argument, it’s easy to follow. Sure, you're still "guessing" what the first parameter is but it’s not a heavy mental lift. You could argue that as long as you're consistent, using positional arguments in binary functions is fine–the pattern is clear and predictable.

But in the example from the OP, there isn’t really a primary argument. You're dealing with multiple values that carry equal weight, which makes positional arguments harder to reason about at a glance.
by dcminter | 2025-04-18 09:54:12+00:00
Ha! I did that a few times with 3½" disks - address and stamp on the label and slap a bit of tape over the shutter to prevent dust ingress. No issues.

I don't think I'd have risked it with 5¼" floppies though, they were a lot less robust and I can't imagine the franking machines would have been good for them.
by sans_souse | 2025-04-18 09:55:36+00:00
Gregory D. Young was the first American to investigate the mutiny as part of his 1982 Masters thesis Mutiny on Storozhevoy: A Case Study of Dissent in the Soviet Navy, and later in the book The Last Sentry by Young and Nate Braden. The thesis was placed in the United States Naval Academy archives where it was read by Tom Clancy, then an insurance salesman, who used it as inspiration to write The Hunt for Red October.[6]
by jillesvangurp | 2025-04-18 09:56:19+00:00
I've given it a screenshot and it got close enough. So, it's not looking at exif data.

I've been playing a bit with just giving it random things from Google's streetview.

It figured out a landmark in Dresden pretty easily. But then I gave it a generic view of some street in Nuremberg and it took a long time. It extracted lots of information from the screenshot. Including the logo of a travel agency and some very pixelated house numbers. Amusingly I actually triggered some AB testing thing where it was using two models in parallel side by side.

I just let it do its thing and it looked like it got stuck in some loop. Eventually both models produced an answer. They both correctly identified the city but then both models came up with two wrong streets. The travel agency has offices across Germany and probably multiple in Nuremberg as well. There was no street name readable and no house numbers. It based this off just the name of the travel agency and the fact it was next to some hairdresser.

It seems to be using python scripts to zoom in on different bits of the image and search engines to query clues it finds. It also looks at architecture and other aspects to deduce things about country, regions, etc. Overall, I'm pretty impressed with how far it got.
by Loic | 2025-04-18 09:56:32+00:00
I suppose you do not have children. I am open-minded, mid 40's. The level of violence in porn you can get access to with just one click, has no comparison with what I could get access to as a kid (basically nothing).

With the net, you get access in one click to the worse and the best. It is a lot of work as a parent to educate the kids about that.

As kids, teenager and even as 20 something, if we wanted to do some experience, we had to physically access the media or be physically present. This was not on-demand over a screen.

So, I filter the access at home while also trying my best to educate. This is not easy and I can understand that non tech savvy people request more laws, even so I am personally against.

The article is pretty well balanced, we have no silver bullet here.
by imtringued | 2025-04-18 09:56:39+00:00
Minor nitpicks. I think your points are pretty good.

1. Self-rewiring is just a matter of hardware design. Neuromorphic hardware is a thing.

2. LLM foundation models are actually unsupervised in a way, since they simply take any arbitrary text and try to complete it. It's the instruction fine-tuning that is supervised. (Q/A pairs)
by tsimionescu | 2025-04-18 09:57:33+00:00
QM and GR are mutually exclusive: if one is right, the other must be wrong (of course, it's very much still possible that both are wrong). If you use GR to predict the movement and interactions of photons in a medium, it's just wrong. If you use QM to predict the movement of light around a huge body, especially a black hole, it's just wrong. And what's worse, there is no limit or term you can add such that you could say "QM works only for objects up to size X, GR works for objects larger than size Y".

Also, we're nowhere near explaining 99.99999999% of the behaviors we see in the universe. In fact, we're not even able to explain 6% of the things we see in cosmology - as is often explained, dark matter accounts for 27% of all energy in the universe, and dark energy for 68% - and we have no ideas what these actually are, if they exist at all.
by lifthrasiir | 2025-04-18 09:58:19+00:00
The biggest "crime" of Jai is that it (soft-)launched like an open source programming language and didn't actually become open source shortly. There are so many programming languages that did go through the "beta" period and still remain open sourced all the time. Open source doesn't imply open governance, and most such languages are still evolved almost solely with original authors' judgements. It is fine for Jai to remain closed of course, but there is no practical reason for Jai to remain closed to this day. The resulting confusion is large enough to dismiss Jai at this stage.
Can someone make an app optimized on public unawareness?
by arisbe__ | 2025-04-18 09:58:43+00:00
In the game show Family Feud the contestants (family teams) compete on their knowledge of how the auidence actually polled with respect to a poll question of which answers are rank ordered.

Now invert this and create a social media app that optimizes information that is revealed to be way far away from public expectations of what constututes to reality and history.
Ask HN: Looking for someone to help implement RFIM into a system simulation
by sks38317 | 2025-04-18 10:00:56+00:00
Hi HN,

I'm working on a small system simulation project that explores how instability can emerge from the interaction of various variables over time. (Repo linked in the comments.)

Recently, I’ve been trying to incorporate the RFIM (Random Field Ising Model) into the logic—but I’ve hit a wall. It’s not the math or the concept itself, but rather the total lack of Korean-language resources or beginner-friendly guides that’s been challenging.

I’d really appreciate it if anyone:

has experience with RFIM and would be open to helping via a PR

knows of any well-documented codebases I could learn from

or could point me toward approachable explanations or tutorials

I’m still relatively new to GitHub and trying to improve this simulation step-by-step, so any support would go a long way.

Thanks for reading—and for any help you can offer!
by roywashere | 2025-04-18 10:00:57+00:00
Just for transparency, are you by any chance a member of this self-hosting team or a sentry employee? Is it a coincidence that your keybase name is georghendrik according to your profile, and the painter _Georg Hendrik_ Breitner painted a picture called "Sentry"? https://www.demesdagcollectie.nl/en/collection/hwm0055
by scotty79 | 2025-04-18 10:01:02+00:00
What a pointless article.

1. That thing happened.

2. Maybe not. It might have been a legend even though some women were punished for this.

3. Maybe misogyny was the worst poison after all that poisoned society and law with suspicion.

It's like it's written by AI prompted with few tidbits of content.

Why not just openly state that most poisoners are still men because men lead in any class of murder (apart form infanticide). No need to perpetuate doubts.

https://www.wired.com/2013/01/the-myth-of-the-female-poisone...
by snthpy | 2025-04-18 10:01:31+00:00
Thanks, that's good to know.

For the most part I can live with the latency. For frequently or repeatedly accessed files I believe JuiceFS also has a caching layer to bring down the latency on those. My use cases are quite different from what DeepSeek requires. I was just curious whether I needed to investigate 3FS since it's the new kid on the block.

What appeals to me about JuiceFS is that I can easily mount it into my containers for a distributed FS on a small cluster for some resilience. It looked simpler than Ceph or GlusterFS for that and it's backed by S3 so that I could swap out my S3 Garage setup for a cloud based S3 backend if required.
by sks38317 | 2025-04-18 10:01:37+00:00
Sorry if this sounds basic—English isn’t my first language, and I don’t have a technical background. I’ve had a hard time understanding RFIM unless it’s explained in Korean. Here’s the repo I’m working on, in case it helps: https://github.com/sks38317/-Why-the-System-Breaks-Before-An...
by mrkeen | 2025-04-18 10:01:46+00:00
You're not adding any new information. I already understand you completely.

> 1. You get single-writer multiple reader for free from the type system, without any runtime overhead.

Take the example from the article which is accepted by the Haskell type system:

writeTBCQueue :: TBCQueue a -> a -> STM () writeTBCQueue q v = do stillOpen <- readTVar q.open when stillOpen $ writeTBQueue q.queue v

Rust would reject this because of multiple writers.

Also, thinking about it more, I'm now very skeptical of Rust even providing 'single-writer multiple-reader'. Is it in fact single-reader-writer xor multiple-reader? In other words, how does it handle a goblin constantly moving money between accounts while a gnome is constantly trying to count the total amount?

goblinBankerThread = forever $ do seed <- randomSeed atomically $ do (acctA, acctB) <- chooseTwoRandomAccounts seed if (amount acctA) > (amount acctB) then moveAmount $5 acctA acctB else moveAmount $5 acctB acctA gnomeAccountantThread = forever $ atomically $ do accounts <- readAllAccounts assert someConstantAmount allAccounts

Yes, Rust is 100% safe because it would reject this code, so it would never run. Not running code also has guaranteed no-overhead!

2. For the same reason, the type system does not allow multiple writers. If you want multiple writers, then you are forced to use locks

* Locks are problematic, which is why I chose STM over locks in the first place.

* Locks are in all the languages. Does your comment about 100% safety really apply to all languages ?
by debugnik | 2025-04-18 10:01:50+00:00
> and very much rejects ill-typed programs

No it doesn't. Even on the strictest settings, Typescript is unsound in trivial ways, which I hit every time I use it in anger (e.g. undefined in unassigned variables). And Microsoft libraries seem perfectly ok with asserting their type errors away without any validation, specially for JSON values.

I had a similar experience with Python until I found Pydantic.

I haven't had a chance to try Elixir's new type system (is it ready yet?), but at least their strong-arrow model would ensure that runtime checks for dynamically-typed values are done eventually.
by aaaja | 2025-04-18 10:01:58+00:00
> Most organisations have not yet committed to concrete changes but have pledged to review the judgment.

I think there's a real risk that organizations are going to drag their heels on this and then do not even the bare minimum, likely finding themselves in breach of the law.

It'll probably take a few more court cases and tribunals where such organizations are eviscerated by the judiciary for the message to sink in that women's rights in law are not to be downplayed, ignored or dismissed.
by msohailshah | 2025-04-18 10:02:07+00:00
Do you think ignoring Nakba, the ethnic cleansing of Palestine is ignoring reality? Do you think that immigrants taken in during WWII should have ethnically cleansed the natives? Do you think that settlers in Westbank terrorising Palestinians every day is any different from the settlers in 1940s? Do you think that a militarized society like Israel with compulsory military service can be treated as civilians or like the US defined enemy combatants? Do you think that rocket launches are just testing the effectiveness of missile shields? Do you think 20k Pound bombs are less lethal than tiny rockets? Do you think that holding 10k palestinians in prisons , most without charges and degrading their humanity at every checkpost was happening since 20 years or did it start just now?

Do you think that playing victim works every time?
by eitland | 2025-04-18 10:02:15+00:00
Some ideas:

- they had enough money that they never needed to think seriously about maintenence cost, and the sales process was strokg enough to keep customers arriving anyway (look to Oracle for another example of hopelessly complicated installation process but people keep using it anyway)

- at some point someone realized this was actually a feature: the more complicated it got, the harder it became to self host. And from that perspective it is a win-win for the company: they can claim it is open source without being afraid that most people will choose to self host.
by the_mitsuhiko | 2025-04-18 10:02:33+00:00
I no longer work at Sentry but the complexity of operating Sentry is something that we still worked on when I was there. There is no secret incentive to make Sentry hard to operate. You have to consider that engineers run a version of Sentry on their machines too and any complexity ends up there too.

One of the biggest pain points of running Sentry is the number of containers and a lot of this comes from how Sentry works with Kafka and Rabbit. That pain point is actively being addressed by moving to a virtualized system [1] though I am not sure how long it will take to actually adopt this.

[1]: https://github.com/getsentry/taskbroker/
by iteria | 2025-04-18 10:03:28+00:00
So does being vegetarian or vegan. So does being not the dominant culture in any aspect of life. That's a decision for parents to make and honestly "they'll be left out" is such a crap parenting take. Especially since it's a bunch of parents together who don't want their kid to have access thinking this together. If they actually talked to each each or just made a stand so people could see, we wouldn't even have this so called social cost.

I'm seeing this as a parent in real time. I'm actually changing my kid's friend's parent behaviors by simply being like, "Cool. But my kid isn't/is going to do that" I don't know when parenting happened by social committee, but I don't believe in it.
by nonrandomstring | 2025-04-18 10:04:08+00:00
> laws of nature "must" be shorter

Coming at this from philosophy of science rather than as a physicist, I feel those quotes around "must".

I think you also recognise how that might be a sort of "fundamentally wrong assumption".

Imagine your words replayed 50 years in the future, not on physics but applied tp the problem of general AI/sentience.

"The equations that we already have are sufficient to describe human thought to 99.9999999% but they are a hodge podge of several different theories...."

Whereupon a psychologist/neuroscientist in any epoch would say:

"Why on Earth are you looking for a *singular*, unified explanation of human experience?"

What you can have is a set of "best they can be", internally self-consistent and well evidenced theories, none of which can ever fully explain the system - and that is the nature/feature of the system. Isn't that what Godel and Russell showed us?
by raphman | 2025-04-18 10:04:09+00:00
They are apparently not profitable (yet):

> Discord has raised a total of about $1 billion in funding. It has more than $700 million in cash on its balance sheet and the goal to become profitable this year, according to a person familiar with the matter.

https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/11/24034705/discord-layoffs-...
by arisbe__ | 2025-04-18 10:04:20+00:00
An example...

Let's say hypothetically a spiritual- social-functioning organization existed in more than 10,000 U.S. cities invisible to most (say polling graduating high school seniors in the 90s), wouldn't that seem like in impossible warping of public awareness. Obviously they'd guess they have churches in every city with larger cities maybe having some mosques or synagogues. But the later two are quite out numbered by another, Freemasonry. "What's Freemasonry? We never learned about that in school", they'd say.
by jeswin | 2025-04-18 10:05:17+00:00
I use it to edit projects with LibreChat, along with plain vscode. It should work with any MCP client. I can either start a conversation with the agent (which has codebox tools configured), or summon the agent later when I have to write it back to the disk.

I have a video of it here: https://youtu.be/EsIGLLNkHVE