MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by mrandish | 2025-04-14 23:30:57+00:00
I love these retro cores which extend "what might have been" from the past into the future. Another impressive example is the Apollo FPGA core which over the past decade has faithfully built on the Motorola 68000 series to extend beyond the last chip (68060) adding a variety of modern CPU affordances like 64-bit, instruction fusing/bonding, super scalar, out of order execution for CPU/FPU, dynamic branch prediction, etc. There's an add-in accelerator board that replaces the CPU in an Amiga and the team is working on now adding Atari ST emulation/acceleration to the core.

http://www.apollo-core.com/index.htm?page=features
by rstuart4133 | 2025-04-14 23:31:07+00:00
> Telling me to just be as useful as a generalist doesn't work when it was the specialization that made me worth listening to. It's a setup for failure.

True, you will fail to make the correct decision occasionally. But you and the article are making the same mistake. You are thinking failure is the end of the story. It's not.

As a senior engineer, you're goal isn't to make perfect decisions. Your goal is to learn how to make better designs over the long term. There is really only one way to do that. Make lots of design decisions, and find out which are best. The remainder (the bulk) will be failures. So if you aren't failing often you aren't moving forward.

Or to put if another way, if you refuse to commit because of fear of failure, you are refusing to move forward at the speed you should be moving.

A lot of things flow from that. Mistakes are costly, so you have to weed them out quickly (and consequently you learn from them rapidly). That means lots of visibility, it means finding ways to test ideas on small projects and not make one large "make or break" bet, it means change control so you aren't overwhelmed by your failures.

Ultimately it means engineering leadership, which is what a senior engineer should be doing is about knowing how many mistakes you should be making and how fast you can be making them. The answer isn't 0.
by ACAVJW4H | 2025-04-14 23:32:03+00:00
Quick search shows Altera held 30% of the FPGA market. That puts AMD’s $50B acquisition of Xilinx (which holds ~50% of the market) in an awkward light. Using some extremely crude math, Xilinx’s fair market value might now be closer to ~$15B.

Did AMD massively overpay, or has the FPGA market fundamentally shifted? Curious to see how this new benchmark ripples into AMD’s stock valuation.
by ty6853 | 2025-04-14 23:32:32+00:00
He claimed asylum but it was denied because it was too late. After the deportation order there was an order of withholding from deportation, after which it appears he was granted some form of work authorization and parole with annual check ins.

Nevertheless I strongly believe if the US had just dumped him in a village in El Salvador none of this would be news. They have done that to US citizens and hardly anyone noticed. The real story is he was sent into an experimental contract foreign prison at the behest of the government and the violation of the withholding order provides the wedge to challenge it and eventually wedge to make it easier to challenge more happenings at CECOT. Even if he is an MS13 member, the government never used due process to withdraw the withholding of removal order that they are claiming should no longer exist.
by timewizard | 2025-04-14 23:33:00+00:00
This is one of the main reasons we added anti monopoly provisions to our laws more than 100 years ago. Market dominance is a recognized factor in allowing this inversion of rewards to occur.

That's the face of it. Labor is a market as well. The impacts of these arrangements on our labor pool is extraordinary. It's a massive displaced cost of allowing these types of mergers to occur born out by the people who stand to gain the least from the merging of business assets.
by at_a_remove | 2025-04-14 23:34:02+00:00
You are being fazed by two different, annoying things.

Even in physics itself, the word "mass" has multiple contexts (inertial, gravitational, and conversion to energy) in which it is used. Einstein made quite a lot of hay out of relating the three. "Entropy," too, has multiple contexts.

The second thing possibly tripping you up is the tendency for scientific terms to be poorly appropriated into a new context, like "theory." You can fight this but it is a losing battle, so I typically just try to set it aside.
by wk_end | 2025-04-14 23:35:10+00:00
The IIGS uses a 65816, the same 16-bit CPU that's used in the SNES. Since the MiSTer already has excellent SNES support, I don't think there's anything to be done as far as modeling the CPU for the IIGS.

This is a "fantasy" 32-bit extension of the 65816 that WDC specced out but never built. It wouldn't help with getting the IIGS on MiSTer.
by at_a_remove | 2025-04-14 23:36:05+00:00
Indeed. I started off making a general "land" for the small city a friend is working up for a prospective module of Dungeons and Dragons. I quickly found myself re-adjusting various distances, estimating the impacts of elevation, considering "rain shadows" caused by mountains, coming up with a new scale of "how far can one reasonably ride on horseback per day?" as a kind of measurement, considering climates and microclimates (then making adjustments based on trying to justify what I wanted), looking at historical patterns of settlement growth, checking in on that set of tables of population centers and occupations long ago, and so on.

If you do not consider these things, you get Monster Hotels and general ridiculousness. If it falls too close to reality, it is boring. At the same time, things can be Too Much. So, for my philosophy, you want the mountains to be taller and the valleys to be deeper ... but only sometimes. Spaces to breathe for the beleagured traveler, but then drips and splashes and slashes of Tolkien, The Black Company, and even a little whimsy to break it up.
by observationist | 2025-04-14 23:36:10+00:00
The capabilities and general utility of the models are increasing on an entirely different trajectory than model names - the information you posted is 99% dependent on internal OAI processes and market activities as opposed to anything to do with AI.

I'm talking more broadly, as well, including consideration of audio, video, and image modalities, general robotics models, and the momentum behind applying some of these architectures to novel domains. Protocols like MCP and automation tooling are rapidly improving, with media production and IT work rapidly being automated wherever possible. When you throw in the chemistry and materials science advances, protein modeling, etc - we have enormously powerful AI with insufficient compute and expertise to apply it to everything we might want to. We have research being done on alternate architectures, and optimization being done on transformers that are rapidly reducing the cost/performance ratio. There are models that you can run on phones that would have been considered AGI 10 years ago, and there doesn't seem to be any fundamental principle decreasing the rate of improvement yet. If alternate architectures like RWKV get funded, there might be several orders of magnitude improvement with relatively little disruption to production model behaviors, but other architectures like text diffusion could obsolete a lot of the ecosystem being built up around LLMs right now.

There are a million little considerations pumping transformer LLMs right now because they work and there's every reason to expect them to continue improving in performance and value for at least a decade. There aren't enough researchers and there's not enough compute to saturate the industry.
by const_cast | 2025-04-14 23:36:20+00:00
When the "other side" is pretty much evil, yeah, you are the good guys. Like, by default. I would even go so far to say Harvard could do much, much worse and they would still be the good guys.

On a closely related note, you are legitimately out of touch with reality if you believe any part of this is done with the intention of "merit". This is done to strengthen allegiance to MAGA and conservative ideology.

Does that sound a bit scary and fascist-like? You decide. But it's explicitly stated as the goal of this constriction on higher education in Project 2025. So, take it up with them, not me.
by rtpg | 2025-04-14 23:36:54+00:00
Typescript is so much better than almost every other dependently typed language in terms of expressing these things[0], and it's still kind of miserable.

We still have a long way to go in figuring out how to get our type systems to be easy enough to use to where this stuff doesn't surprise people anymore (because it shouldn't! identifier manipulation should be table stakes and yet)

[0]: modulo soundness of course! Though I don't think that's intrinsic to the expressiveness
by mubou | 2025-04-14 23:37:51+00:00
I know, but it's that last bit: it shouldn't be possible to bypass it. C# actually got itself into a similar issue despite being a proper static language, because when it added "nullable reference types" (where you can't assign null to a variable of type `Foo` unless it's explicitly typed as `Foo?`) they did it like TypeScript using purely static analysis to avoid having to change the language at a lower level (for compatibility).

Even though it works 99% of the time, just like in TS you can occasionally run into a bug because some misbehaving library handed you a null that it said can't be a null...
by PaulHoule | 2025-04-14 23:37:56+00:00
I had a business partner that I agreed on a lot of things with but not about Intel. My assumption was that any small software package from Intel, such as a graph processing toolkit, was trash. He thought they could do no wrong.

Intel really is good at certain kinds of software like compilers or MKL but my belief is that organizations like that have a belief in their "number oneness" that gets in their way of doing anything that it outside what they're good at. Maybe it is the people, processes, organization, values, etc. that gets in the way. Or maybe not having the flexibility to know that what is good at task A is not good at task B.
by ocdtrekkie | 2025-04-14 23:38:00+00:00
It's hard to express how absolutely catastrophic this is for the Internet, and how incompetent a group of people have to be to vote 25/0 for increasing a problem that breaks the Internet for many organizations yearly by a factor of ten for zero appreciable security benefit.

Everyone in the CA/B should be fired from their respective employers, and we honestly need to wholesale plan to dump PKI by 2029 if we can't get a resolution to this.
by techpineapple | 2025-04-14 23:38:12+00:00
I dunno, maybe? But you don't even have to be cynical to observe that Mark has a lot of power, and he's an opportunist. I don't think the Repubs trust him, and do you really think that Mark has changed his stripes and doesn't try to cozy up to the next administration if he thinks there's another vibe shift? Also, it feels like that would be quite a scalp for Trump to brag about.
by tshaddox | 2025-04-14 23:38:56+00:00
> My understanding is that entropy is a way of quantifying how many different ways a thing could 'actually be' and yet still 'appear to be' how it is. So it is largely a result of an observer's limited ability to perceive / interrogate the 'true' nature of the system in question.

When ice cubes in a glass of water slowly melt, and the temperature of the liquid water decreases, where does the limited ability of an observer come into play?

It seems to me that two things in this scenario are true:

1) The fundamental physical interactions (i.e. particle collisions) are all time-reversible, and no observer of any one such interaction would be able to tell which directly time is flowing.

2) The states of the overall system are not time-reversible.
Show HN: Generate chargeback responses using LLMs
by xboxue | 2025-04-14 23:39:11+00:00
Hey HN!

We built a free tool to help businesses generate chargeback responses using LLMs. Most businesses lose chargebacks because they don’t know what the bank reviewers want to see, not because they did anything wrong. We wanted to build something that gets them as close as possible to a good response without them needing to know anything about chargebacks.

The way it works is you can upload whatever context and supporting docs you have for a chargeback. We use LLMs first to judge how to make the case better, and then to generate a PDF document with the final response.

We were surprised by how good LLMs are at this. One of the hardest parts about writing a response is taking a bunch of scattered info (emails, terms of service, tracking info, etc.) and turning it into a clear story with arguments. We were expecting to need a lot of prompting to get this to work, but it turns out that models do well with just some basic guidelines and examples.

We’d love for you to try it out and let us know what you think!
by titzer | 2025-04-14 23:39:16+00:00
If there's one thing I've learned over the years is that the easiest way to tell who one's real enemy is to see whom they extend no leeway to, never forgive, equivocate, or apologize for, whom they actively criticize at every turn, and who's misfortune they enjoy. Even, and especially when, that person or group is legitimately victimized. It's extremely telling.

With all the blaring red signs of fascism taking over the federal government, a brazen and direct assault on free speech staring us right in the face, we get people still taking potshots the "wokes".

I guess it's not fascism if its against people you disagree with.
by osn9363739 | 2025-04-14 23:40:25+00:00
Yeah - I don't recall which company (maybe johnson & johnson) it was but my aunt worked for one that produced a portable machine that used a camera to check moles and used some sort of algorithm to give a predicted score. This was 20ish years ago. I remember she brought it to my grandparents and we had fun checking everyones moles for the day.
by oh_my_goodness | 2025-04-14 23:40:55+00:00
In equilibrium we don't have to make an assumption about the dynamics or the mixing. We just expect to see the most probable state when we measure.

It's interesting to try to show that the time average equals the ensemble average. It's very cool to think about the dynamics. That stuff must be happening. But those extra ideas aren't necessary for applying the equilibrium theory.
by timewizard | 2025-04-14 23:41:30+00:00
The FPGA market shifted. For a brief moment they were allowed to be on BOMs of end user devices due to the rest of the computing field lagging behind somewhat. That period, as far as I can tell, is over.

My anecdotal example would be high end broadcast audio processors. These do quite a bit beyond the actual processing of audio, in particular, into baseband or even RF signal generation.

In any case these devices used to be fully analog, then when they first went digital were a combination of DSPs for processing and FPGAs for signal output. Later generations dropped the DSP and did everything in larger FPGAs as the larger FPGAs became available. Later generations dropped the whole stack and just run on an 8 core Intel processor using real time linux and some specialized real time signal processing software with custom designed signal generators.

The high core and high frequency CPUs became good enough and getting custom made chips became exceptionally cheap as well. FPGAs became rather pointless in this pipline.

The US military, for a time, had a next generation radio specification that specifically called for the use of FPGAs, as that would allow them to make manufacturer agnostic radios and custom software for them. That never panned out but it shows the peak use of FPGAs to manage the constraints of this time period.
by noodletheworld | 2025-04-14 23:41:57+00:00
> that information applies to all interactions made via that session

Humm.. maybe you should run an llama.cpp server in debug mode and review the content that goes to the actual LLM; you can do that with the verbose flag or `OLLAMA_DEBUG=1` (if you use ollama).

What you are describing is not how it works.

There is no such thing as an LLM 'session'.

That is a higher level abstraction that sits on top of an API that just means some server is caching part of your prompt and taking some fragment you typed in the UI and combining them on the server side before feeding them to the LLM.

It makes no difference how it is implemented technically.

Fundamentally; any request you make which can invoke tools will be transformed, as some point, into a definition that includes the tool definitions before it is passed to the LLM.

That has a specific, measurable cost on LLM performance as the number of tool definitions go up.

The only solution to that is to limit the number of tools you have enabled; which is entirely possible and reasonable to do, by the way.

My point is that adding more and more and more tools doesn't scale and doesn't work.

It only works when you have a few tools.

If you have 50 MCP servers enabled, your requests are probably degraded.
by const_cast | 2025-04-14 23:43:45+00:00
> That's a little alarmist. It's not going to happen.

For context, this is exactly what was said of _literally everything_ that has happened in Trump's current term.

Is it alarmist, or is it just alarming? And, if it is alarming, shouldn't we be taking it seriously, instead of hand-waving it away?
by pcthrowaway | 2025-04-14 23:44:39+00:00
I imagine a forward proxy that attempts to connect to a remote host via unencrypted HTTP/2 would make it trivial to access 6.28% of websites, regardless of whether web browsers support it?

No idea whether this is going to be a priority for censoring states to prevent though... wasn't there already talk that China is poised to lift the great firewall anyway?
by gehwartzen | 2025-04-14 23:44:48+00:00
lol yes.

I believe it’s an Ayurvedic treatment. You can get premixed versions which contain mustard and baking soda plus some other herbal ingredients. However if you end up doing them with any frequency it’s much more economical to just buy bulk ground yellow mustard powder from Amazon or similar.

You soak in a lukewarm warm bath with the powder for about 10 minutes during which you will start to sweat like you never have before (so drink lots of water before and after). You then wrap yourself up in a towel and continue sweating for another 10 minutes or so followed by a brisk shower.

I recommend giving it a try next time you feel a cold or something coming on. I find it very effective and worst you’ll sweat for a while and be out a cup of mustard ;)
by osn9363739 | 2025-04-14 23:44:52+00:00
Dude that sucks mate. I had a melanoma taken off last year. It was dormant (stage 0) but had been there for 10ish years. But reading shit like this reminds me that even though I'm probably fine, all I can do is just live my best life. Hang out with my family. Enjoy the things I enjoy and not think about it too much. (and get my skin checks every 6 months :D)
by nathan_compton | 2025-04-14 23:45:34+00:00
Yeah, but maybe we should deploy the national guard to make sure its happening. Even that would be a better use of our resources than rounding up a bunch of desperate people in a dragnet that might catch the innocent.

Like these people are victims of a system which is exploiting them. Treating them even more like shit isn't going to make the world a better place. Target the exploiters.
by jitl | 2025-04-14 23:46:49+00:00
I have an old public version here: https://github.com/justjake/ts-simple-type/blob/main/src/com...

Ultimately i decided ts-simple-type is too difficult to maintain, so now I just use the TypeScript compiler API directly to introspect types and emit stuff, but most of that code is private to Notion Labs Inc
by Aurornis | 2025-04-14 23:47:58+00:00
> If students and staff have to fill out some kind of viewpoint survey, the only rational strategy is for them to randomize their answers to minimize the chance of being in the group that gets told “sorry, we have too many of your type this year”.

University students love messing with surveys.

My prediction: They'd coordinate to answer according to the groups they don't belong to. Right-leaning people would claim to be on the left. Left-leaning people would claim to be on the right.
by arrosenberg | 2025-04-14 23:48:20+00:00
When I bought my home I had to sell $XXX,XXX of stock to make the down payment. If Jeff Bezos wants to buy the same house, he would use a line of credit from the bank, collateralized by his Amazon shares (or whatever source of wealth) and pay with that. I paid 15% in long-term capital gains, he pays 0%. Under my plan, he would pay 15% LTCG for collateralizing his stock,. If I had to pay it, then it's entirely fair and reasonable that we expect him to pay his fair share too.
by xp84 | 2025-04-14 23:48:50+00:00
I appreciated the butler gimmick here probably because of novelty, but I share your urge to throw my device across the room when Siri, Google, Alexa, etc. run on at the mouth more than the absolute minimum amount of words. Timer check? "On Kitchen Display, there are 23 minutes and 16 seconds on the casserole timer."

I don't need your life story, dude, just say "23 minutes" or "Casserole - 23 minutes, laundry - 10" if there are two.
by 3vidence | 2025-04-14 23:49:29+00:00
Don't want to be mean to OP but it is a completely useless stat by someone who doesn't know what they are doing.

That isn't said out spite or think OP is trying to be deceptive, it just shows a lack of understanding of the task at hand.

OKC is going to win around 70 of 82 games this year.

If I just naively say OKC will win every game I'm going to be 85% accurate no models required.
by rstuart4133 | 2025-04-14 23:49:40+00:00
> Thank you for that very logical and level-headed response.

Is it? The regulations are literally changing every day, and he's asking for data on their effects? It sounds like a very unrealistic response to me.

Here is another response: news reports indicate USA borders crossing are going through rapid change, some sort of inflection point if you like. We don't know what the other side of that inflection point will look like as yet. There have been recent reports of unexplained wasted air fares, passport reject stamps and detention. The implications range from minor to very serious. A prudent person without an urgent reason to go to the USA should wait until the situation settles down, so a clear picture of the risks can emerge.

The downside of that is the situation is not settling down. Every day I wake up to unexpected political happenings in the USA, and it's been going on for near 100 days now with no end in sight. It might be a long wait.
by ocdtrekkie | 2025-04-14 23:49:50+00:00
So at a 47 day cadence, it's true we'll have to regularly maintain it: We'll need to hire another staff member to constantly do nothing but. (Most of the software we use does not support automated rotation yet. I assume some will due to this change, but certainly not 100%.)

And also, it probably won't avoid problems. Because yes, the goal is automation and a couple weeks ago I was trying to access a site from an extremely large infrastructure security company which rotates their certificates every 24 hours. And their site was broke and the subreddit about their company was all complaining about it. Turns out automated daily rotation just means 365 more opportunities for breakage a year.

Even regular processes break, and now we're multiplying the breaking points... and again, at no real security benefit. There’s like... never ever been a case where a certificate leak caused a breach.