MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by libertine | 2025-04-23 14:33:09+00:00
It doesn't strike you odd that these claims pop up out of the blue when certain subjects are brought up?

The answer could simply be: "oh it's just ignorance at play, and some people just repeat what they heard and made them feel good because it helped them cope/made them resentful/.."

100% of the time I had these engagements, these folks didn't even know what the EU was. Donald Trump is a great example of this, he has no clue what the EU is, nor how it came to be lmao
by wat10000 | 2025-04-23 14:33:47+00:00
Evangelicals are the main players here. Catholics are loosely aligned. Anglicans/Methodists/Lutherans are largely irrelevant.

Again, I don't see the practical difference between religious tribunals run by clergy, and nominally secular courts run by nominally secular judges who make religiously-guided decisions based on religiously-guided laws.

We already have such laws, ranging from blue laws to laws about medical research and procedures. And this is under a much more secular system than the dominionists would like.

Multiple states still prohibit atheists from holding office. Of course, the bans are unenforceable... for now. Such restrictions were enforced before and they could be again with the right people on the Supreme Court. From there, it's a short trip to deciding that only adherents to a proper form of Christianity count. The existing requirements already exclude non-monotheists.
by glitchc | 2025-04-23 14:33:48+00:00
> Integrated into a single color sample indeed. After all the integration, mosaicking, and filtering, a single sample is calculated. That’s the pixel. I think that’s where the confusion is coming from. To Smith, the “pixel” is the sample that lives in the computer.

> But the pixel, the piece of data in the computer, is just a point among many.

Sure, but saying that this is the pixel, and negating all other forms as not "true" pixels is arbitrary. The real-valued physical pixels (including printer dots) are equally valid forms of pixels. If anything, it would be impossible for humans to sense the pixels without interacting with the real-valued forms.
Ask HN: How do you build per-user RAG/GraphRAG
by david1542 | 2025-04-23 14:34:23+00:00
Hey all,

I’ve been working on an AI agent system over the past year that connects to internal company tools like Slack, GitHub, Notion, etc, to help investigate production incidents. The agent needs context, so we built a system that ingests this data, processes it, and builds a structured knowledge graph (kind of a mix of RAG and GraphRAG).

What we didn’t expect was just how much infra work that would require.

We ended up:

- Using LlamaIndex's OS abstractions for chunking, embedding and retrieval.

- Adopting Chroma as the vector store.

- Writing custom integrations for Slack/GitHub/Notion. We used LlamaHub here for the actual querying, although some parts were a bit unmaintained and we had to fork + fix. We could’ve used Nango or Airbyte tbh but eventually didn't do that.

- Building an auto-refresh pipeline to sync data every few hours and do diffs based on timestamps. This was pretty hard as well.

- Handling security and privacy (most customers needed to keep data in their own environments).

- Handling scale - some orgs had hundreds of thousands of documents across different tools.

It became clear we were spending a lot more time on data infrastructure than on the actual agent logic. I think it might be ok for a company that interacts with customers' data, but definitely we felt like we were dealing with a lot of non-core work.

So I’m curious: for folks building LLM apps that connect to company systems, how are you approaching this? Are you building it all from scratch too? Using open-source tools? Is there something obvious we’re missing?

Would really appreciate hearing how others are tackling this part of the stack.
by beng-nl | 2025-04-23 14:34:33+00:00
In Linux’s defense, the userland abi is stable, which is no small feat in terms of absorbing pain in order to benefit their many users..

Not sure why the trade-off consideration led to a different outcome for in-kernel api’s, but given the work done to ensure the stability of the userland abi, I’m sure there is thought behind it..
by runako | 2025-04-23 14:34:36+00:00
In case others are looking at Nominatim, this is from the Nominatim docs:

"For a full planet import 128GB of RAM or more are strongly recommended. Do not report out of memory problems if you have less than 64GB RAM."

That's ~$150/mo at Hetzner on bare metal, $672/mo at Digital Ocean, starting at $487/mo at AWS. For a non-redundant, low-availability configuration.
by disgruntledphd2 | 2025-04-23 14:34:37+00:00
Remember that you're probably in a bubble. Marketplace was incredibly popular back in the days when I was at FB, and I'd have expected it to get more popular based on the people I see around me (kids stuff is all over it).

Maybe the gatekeeper thing is a reflection of less people in the EU using FB at all, rather than specifically Marketplace.
by kccqzy | 2025-04-23 14:34:58+00:00
This might have been a good example fifteen years ago. These days with high-DPI displays you can't perceive a difference between font smoothing being turned on and off. On macOS for example font smoothing adds some faux bold to the fonts, and it's long been recommended to turn it off. See for example the influential article https://tonsky.me/blog/monitors/ which explains that font smoothing used to do subpixel antialiasing, but the whole feature was removed in 2018. It also explains that this checkbox doesn't even control regular grayscale antialiasing, and I'm guessing it's because downscaling a rendered @2x framebuffer down to the physical resolution inherently introduces antialiasing.
by grandempire | 2025-04-23 14:35:08+00:00
> There's no single correct way to interpret the numbers

They are just bits in a computer. But there is a correct way of to interpret them in a particular context. For example 32 bits can be meaningless - or it can have an interpretation as a twos complement integer which is well defined.

If you are looking to understand how an operating system will display images, or how graphics drivers work, or how photoshop will edit them, or what digital cameras produce, then it’s the point sample definition.
by ndriscoll | 2025-04-23 14:36:12+00:00
I'm confused about this assertion. Managing fleets of thousands of Linux machines via declarative role-based configuration management is completely normal. Linux also has a way better story with updates that activate instantly (occasionally requiring 10s to reboot for a kernel update) with easy rollbacks if something goes wrong (e.g. nixos).

What exactly does Windows have that makes it easier to manage machines?
by 999900000999 | 2025-04-23 14:36:24+00:00
500$ is a toy most upper middle class families can afford. That's the Meta Quest 3.

3500$ will even have someone making 200k plus pause to think if they really need it.

Not to mention the Vision Pro looks much more fragile. Looks like it'll slip off my face and shatter.

I'm cool with wasting $500, but I could do a lot of things of $3,500.That's a round trip flight to Thailand and a nice hotel room, you might be able to fit in a trip to Paris too.
by tzs | 2025-04-23 14:36:40+00:00
GDPR does not purport to outlaw targeted advertising. It just purports to require that the target consent.

In pretty much every other area of law in most of the world (including Europe) consent can be bought--the party requesting consent gives the consenter something in exchange for consent, and will not give that thing unless consent is given.

But under the rulings from some regulators that doesn't work for GDPR. Consent is apparently only considered to be freely given if withholding it would not result in any detriment such as not getting the same level of service or having to pay money for service.

If regulators want to outlaw targeted advertising it would be a lot better if they just did that, instead of making consent in GDPR work differently from how it has worked for pretty much everything else pretty much everywhere for centuries.
by andybak | 2025-04-23 14:36:46+00:00
There's nothing really to "throw away" that would make it slighter and smaller whilst still keeping your desired feature set.

The reality is that you're using the VR/AR features in one specific way - not that you're not using VR/AR

It's possible a slightly weaker CPU or GPU could be used but I don't think so and in any case the effects of that would be on cost not on weight. And I don't think the difference would be significant.
by disgruntledphd2 | 2025-04-23 14:36:49+00:00
> the Commission forcing us to change our business model

This is total, utter, complete 100% grade A organic nonsense.

I worked at FB (but the same is true of basically all action driven advertising systems). Only a tiny proportion of users ever click, but they are incredibly lucrative for online advertising platforms.

The whole subscription was a really transparent attempt to get people to accept the tracking and it's honestly profoundly depressing that this is what they're reduced to.
by pydry | 2025-04-23 14:36:51+00:00
Yeah, everybody uses it. That's partly how it ends up causing so many bugs - e.g. some user puts 0 in a text box and instead of the program reacting as if you put 0 in it reacts the same way as if no value was supplied.

Then everybody loses their minds because the system suddenly started doing something it was never supposed to.
by tom1337 | 2025-04-23 14:37:15+00:00
Unfortunately I don't have any examples at hand right now. What I remember is that in some smaller villages in germany it was missing house numbers and some streets weren't "cut" correctly. So when you had an intersection of Street A and Street B and after the intersection it becomes Street A, sometimes OSM would still name it Street B and therefore all numbers are wrong. This was around 2 years ago so maybe the map data is better now.
by roblabla | 2025-04-23 14:37:32+00:00
Many, many distributions didn't embed the BTF information until fairly recently. OpenSUSE did it in 15.4, released in 2023. At $WORK, we have many customers running on distros that didn't have embedded BTF - such as RHEL7 (yes, they pay for extended maintenance).

I really wish customers would update to a newer distro, but I also understand why they don't. So it's up to me to adapt.

> You have to pick a minimum supported version and write against that.

What we end up doing is progressively enabling features based on what's available in the kernel. Every eBPF we write is compiled multiple times with a couple of different flags to enable/disable certain features. It works decently well, and allows using the most capable datastructure/helpers based on the kernel version.
by msarnoff | 2025-04-23 14:38:02+00:00
Michael’s blog is one of my favorites. His “Ultimate Guide” talks are great and I rewatch them at least once a year.

Ultimate Guide to the C64: https://youtu.be/ZsRRCnque2E?si=v4qQ9mCx3MafEwAq

Ultimate Guide to the Game Boy: https://youtu.be/HyzD8pNlpwI?si=gn-F8yuRPJKoXmC7

Ultimate Guide to the Apollo Guidance Computer: https://youtu.be/xx7Lfh5SKUQ?si=3qbvMohcGo6mBLrJ
by HenryBemis | 2025-04-23 14:38:38+00:00
The Hugo/GitHub combo has been around/mentioned for some years.. I thought of running a blog once (but then.. no) and this was the choice I would have made. But on the other hand, if you are going to post something online, just go to blogspot and call it a day. Because that's what you did there. A blogspot (but on MS instead of Google) with many-many-many extra steps.
by john_the_writer | 2025-04-23 14:38:48+00:00
What I'm seeing is more and more web based systems. My kids school is completely browser based. Nothing is installed beyond the browser. Same for the teachers, it's all web based.

That said, I love apple. Nothing else works like their hardware. It's not the best by a long shot, but I'm still able to use a mac-pro 8 years on. And my iphone is 7 years old (for me) and I got it used.
by heftig | 2025-04-23 14:39:30+00:00
MSYS2 is basically Cygwin with Pacman for package management, plus several other environments with either GCC or Clang and different Windows-Native C and C++ runtimes.

It's nice, but not perfect. It inherits a lot of problems from Cygwin. File access is still slow (as mentioned in other threads) and symlinks don't behave right (by default making a symlink creates a deep copy of the target, and even NTFS symlinks need to know whether the target is a file or a directory; either way you cannot create a symlink when the target is missing, and this causes rsync to fail, for example.)

MSYS2's strength is as an environment for compiling cross-platform apps for Windows, and I would recommend WSL2 for anything else.
by pg_2023 | 2025-04-23 14:39:46+00:00
Lol ; I was currently building something quite similar with vibe coding.

Using pgx + pglogrepl in Golang read logical changes - pgoutput Insert into s3 tables.

Advantage here is that we run everything on AWS, and can't install certain extensions in postgres itself.

+ Every little cpu I can save of postgres would want that.
by bayindirh | 2025-04-23 14:39:56+00:00
Yes, I'm aware. Normally they shouldn't behave wildly differently, but the new GUI and userspace features made the system a bit flaky at first. Also, XP became a bit more finicky about drivers over the years, and this broke stuff, too.

2000s kernel was one of its better features, but lack of blingy GUI was also helping in its stability IMHO.
by LeifCarrotson | 2025-04-23 14:39:59+00:00
geizhals.at is regrettably only available in Austria, Germany, and the EU, but other sites I've used with similar good parametric search and filter are digikey.com (electronics engineering), https://at.rs-online.com (more electronics engineering), and McMaster.com (industrial manufacturing).

I've observed that developing and maintaining a database with the relevant attributes for each component is a ton of work and becomes a huge value-add for a distributor with technically inclined customers. It cannot be outsourced to manufacturers, as they have no incentive to match their schema to other manufacturers, and it cannot be outsourced to marketplace sellers, as they too lack this incentive. Both groups want their products to appear in as many searches as possible. Only the distributor wants exclusively the correct products to show up for a limited search and is in a position to enforce consistency across different marketplace listings and manufacturers.
by cosmic_cheese | 2025-04-23 14:40:04+00:00
It’s more that devs can’t be arsed to write non-mobile games in anything but DirectX unless they’re being paid to (as the console vendors do). Vulkan support is quite rare in commercial games, it’s almost entirely DirectX or Sony/Nintendo’s things. If Apple somehow flipped a switch that turned on Vulkan support, almost nothing would change.

The single biggest things Apple could do to bolster gaming on their platforms is to pay studios to do it or for Apple to license DirectX from MS. Anything else will barely move the needle.
by vinodnimbalkar | 2025-04-23 14:41:12+00:00
Automate your Git commit messages with gcm! This CLI tool uses a local LLM (Ollama) to intelligently generate commit messages with appropriate emojis from your git diff. Super easy to use and keeps your commit log consistent. Give it a try! https://github.com/vinodnimbalkar/gcm #developerTools #git #ai #automation
by froh | 2025-04-23 14:41:23+00:00
please help me understand.

Up to now python emphasizes to be and remain the dynamically typed monkey patch happy core language it is, with the completely volunteer option to provide type hints and use them to your advantage as you see fit.

So you can hack away and monkey patch to your heart's content and nothing is taken from you. no rust borrow checker. no need to use a type checker. ducks everywhere.

and I'm not aware of features that have to be used, aka incompatible changes to the core language.

So what is the critique, exactly?
by RedNifre | 2025-04-23 14:41:33+00:00
What a perplexing article.

Isn't a pixel clearly specified as a picture element? Isn't the usage as a length unit just as colloquial as "It's five cars long", which is just a simplified way of saying "It is as long as the length of a car times five", where "car" and "length of car" are very clearly completely separate things?

> The other awkward approach is to insist that the pixel is a unit of length

Please don't. If you want a unit of length that works well with pixels, you can use Android's "dp" concept instead, which are "density independent pixels" (kinda a bad name if you think about it) and are indeed a unit of length, namely 1dp = 158.75 micro meter, so that you have 160 dp to the inch. Then you can say "It's 10dp by 5dp, so 50 square dp in area.".
by LunaSea | 2025-04-23 14:41:40+00:00
> They absolutely do, you just like to dismiss it as being about status.

No, they don't. I just gave you three counter examples.

Why is it that iPhone users prefer GMail over iCloud Mail?

Source: https://www.statista.com/chart/34197/share-of-us-respondents...

> The status came because of their association with business because they provided secure messaging.

Users have no understanding of security. High status or not.
by ChrisMarshallNY | 2025-04-23 14:41:48+00:00
> I've bought two wrong things accidentally on Amazon as a result: After searching for a surge protector, i bought a power strip that lacked a surge protector because it was among the search results and i didn't notice it.

I have done exactly that. Some of the "mixins" are really strange, and have nothing at all to with what I'm looking for, so I have to assume that are paid keyword poisoning.
by seveibar | 2025-04-23 14:41:58+00:00
Would love to use this for interactive tscircuit tutorials! Is it easy to create a course? The output looks great!

Is the web preview saved as a video or rendered dynamically? In the case of tscircuit, we run an autorouter in the background so it can be like a slow-loading website with a big project- I imagine doing courses on building games would have a similar problem if there isn’t video capture for the preview.
by felixguendling | 2025-04-23 14:42:13+00:00
Thanks! Maintainer of MOTIS here. We're planning to bring support for NeTEx, SIRI and OJP to MOTIS and with those formats a lot of features that are only available with those formats but not with GTFS(-RT) (yet). But having them implemented will also help us to quickly activate them for GTFS(-RT) once GTFS(-RT) gains support.
by fxtentacle | 2025-04-23 14:42:16+00:00
This sounds like everything is working as intended.

Both Apple and Meta deliberately delayed compliance with the new laws, but then eventually complied. And now they have to pay a penalty for the time period that they were too late. For Apple, allowing developers to show text about 3rd party payment methods is a pure policy change with almost no associated development work or cost, so they have no good excuse as to why it took them so long after the EU started their non-compliance investigation roughly a year ago.
by nerdjon | 2025-04-23 14:42:35+00:00
It seems like all of the browsers now import data from other browsers when you install them. So, is that really much of the case?

Beyond the old stereotype "grandparent thinks the E is the internet", there is not much of a difference in how each browser behaves. The UI's are shockingly similar.

If it was, I would not think that Google would be as successful as they are to push Chrome heavily. Users would not transition over.

I will admit that I do sometimes have a different view of technology than many people, I mean as it is I have multiple browsers running right now. And generally when I step back I can see, oh yeah this really may be a bigger deal for most people.

I am struggling to see it in this case, especially with every browser trying very hard to make it as easy as possible.
by travisgriggs | 2025-04-23 14:42:40+00:00
After I wrote that, I decided to kind of test this.

I first searched “Gruen transfer” using Kagi. First hit was the Wikipedia article with enough showing to feel I didn’t need to go there because of what I’d read here already. Right below that, indented for grouping, is a Wikipedia link to a TV show by the same name. I skimmed that article to see where/when it was shown. Anyone here ever watched it? Curious if it’s any good.

Then I searched the same with google. The presentation is more noisy. And organized less. It’s hard to compare the two, because viewing one before the other affects the second (no double slit opportunity here). I did notice that I felt subliminally drawn/distracted to the visual thumbnails of the tv show, rather than the Wikipedia entry.
by freedomben | 2025-04-23 14:42:42+00:00
> It’s ok if you don’t believe in software freedoms, but you shouldn’t pretend to be someone who does by releasing some software that respects users’ software freedoms. It’s deceptive.

As long as the different parts are clearly marked/indicated as such, why would you impose such a ridiculous standard? In your world, if a company makes 99% of their software GPL, and then releases some proprietary tool, they're suddenly being deceptive? Would you prefer to just lose the 99%?
by shadowgovt | 2025-04-23 14:42:44+00:00
I can't name one off the top of my head, but conceptually they're the same because classes are also first-class in Python (i.e. they can be passed around as function arguments and even modified).

Classes in Python are actually themselves instances (of builtin class 'type'). So to make a decorator for one, you create a function that takes a class (i.e. an instance of 'type' with a lot of duck-typing already applied to it in the class definition) as an argument and returns a class (either the same class or a brand-new one; usually you make a brand new one by creating a new class inside the decorator that subclasses the class passed in, `MyNewClass(cls)`, and you return `MyNewClass`... The fact it's named `MyNewClass` inside the decorator won't matter to anyone because that's a local variable inside the decorator function body).

The syntactic sugar Python does when you go

@decorator class Foo:

... is basically:

* Create a class (with no name yet)

* Pass that class to function `decorator`

* Bind the return value of `decorator` to the variable `Foo`.

---

Before decorators came along, you'd get their effects on classes with this pattern:

class Foo: # the definition of Foo Foo.some_new_method = ... # since Foo is also an instance of a class, you can just modify it in-place. Foo = decorate_it(Foo) # ... or pass it as an argument to a function and re-bind its name to the result
Ask HN: What's missing in AI prompt validation and security tools?
by sharmasachin98 | 2025-04-23 14:43:03+00:00
We've been building a middleware layer that acts like a firewall for LLMs, it sits between the user and the model (OpenAI, Claude, Gemini, etc.) and intercepts prompts and responses in real time.

It blocks prompt injection, flags hallucinations, masks PII, and adds logging + metadata tagging for compliance and audit.

But we’re hitting the classic startup blind spot: we don’t want to build in a vacuum.

What do you feel is still broken or missing when it comes to: - Securing LLM prompts/responses? - Making GenAI safe for enterprise use? - Auditing what the AI actually said or saw?

We’d love your feedback — especially if you’re working on or thinking about GenAI in production settings.

Thanks!
by mschuster91 | 2025-04-23 14:43:43+00:00
To u/db48x whose post got flagged and doesn't reappear despite me vouching for it as I think they have a point (at least for modern games): GTA San Andreas was released in 2004. Back then, YAML was in its infancy (2001) and JSON was only standardized informally in 2006, and XML wasn't something widely used outside of the Java world.

On top of that, the hardware requirements (256MB of system RAM, and the PlayStation 2 only had 32MB) made it enough of a challenge to get the game running at all. Throwing in a heavyweight parsing library for either of these three languages was out of the question.