MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by mystraline | 2025-04-18 22:53:24+00:00
> In general the poor kids live in higher density areas and the affluent kids live in the suburbs.

The poor kids also live rural.

Remind me again, where there are lower costs, but also lower income, less opportunity, harder to get anywhere, less education? And also, who did most of rural vote for?

In most situations, rural = poverty = trap. Our society is nowhere near prepared in addressing the rurality and poverty trap.

But really, this whole dei being a proxy for this gender or that race issue is looking around the real problem. In the end, its all about access to 2 resources: money and time. The bourgeoisie have it, the proletariat do not. As long as there is a massive gulf between the 2, we'll argue this in different names and forms (civil rights, affirmative action, political correctness, DEI)
by pfdietz | 2025-04-18 22:53:27+00:00
One possible path is the hybrid aircraft, where combustion turbines or fuel cells produce electric power that drives small ducted fans via electric motors. The enabling technology here is superconductors. Airbus is working on superconducting motors and generators for such hydrogen-powered aircraft.

One can imagine regenerative braking in the fans, for example to recover energy as aircraft descend, and also with batteries providing emergency backup power.
by bmk44 | 2025-04-18 22:54:35+00:00
In Polish, it is called "Wielki Piątek" which translates as "Great Friday". Simiarly; the week is "Wielki Tydzień", translates as "Great Week". I always understood it in the similar vein as the Jewish "High Holidays" as the most important observation of the year.

The discrepancy between "Holy Week" and "Good Friday" always irked me when I learned these terms in English.
by kumarski | 2025-04-18 22:54:56+00:00
I directly compared them in visualization 6 ($75-110/kWh conventional vs. $245-380/kWh lithium, all externalities included). Electric ekranoplans would be badass, and sealed motors solve one problem, but battery chemistry is the real beast – we're bumping against molecular bond limitations, not just engineering challenges. Current lithium-ion cathodes are only achieving 25-30% of their theoretical capacity limits, while lithium-sulfur promises 2-3× better density but sacrifices cycle life. Trust me, I want electric propulsion to succeed, but we need fundamental chemical breakthroughs beyond intercalation mechanisms. Got any data on those Soviet experiments? Those Russians were decades ahead on some wild electrochemistry concepts.
by Loughla | 2025-04-18 22:55:25+00:00
I've told this story on here before. When I was 16 or 17, the place I was working got robbed. The guy just opened the register while I was fixing part of the greenhouse building.

The police showed up and took my statement, in which I said I didn't hear a car, so I assume he just ran off.

They took me in about two weeks later for an official statement. Then told me I had to take a polygraph because my stories didn't match. The story didn't change. The officer at the scene wrote that I said I saw the guy run off.

I was shitting bricks. A cop friend of my parents told me that this was common. They didn't have a suspect, I was a young kid, so they were just trying to get me to admit to it. He said they would tell me I failed the polygraph test and to just come clean.

That's what they did. They tried to pin it on me, but I legit didn't do it, so I would never confess. Even after they tried the 'you'll only get probation of you confess now, but if this goes to trial you'll be tried as an adult' nonsense.

And that's the story of how I learned to never, ever, ever speak to a police officer without legal counsel, even if you're straight up the victim in the situation.

What a fucking mess this country is in terms of policing.
by icedchai | 2025-04-18 22:55:48+00:00
I love it. Even with GML, you run into problems. Diagramming is an art more than a science. You have to know your audience (technical people, marketing types, investors, customers...)

Leaving stuff out is also important. (Example: Unless you're building a DNS related product, don't bother to include "DNS" in your diagrams. Your use of it is assumed.)
by refulgentis | 2025-04-18 22:56:39+00:00
I honestly don't know what's going on here.

I don't know how "we collectively de-fossil fuel and some prices may go up who knows, science!" becomes "damage by elites and 3rd worlders" and "tax" becomes "lithium batteries" "transmission" "windmill subsidies" "solar recycling", and given all that, how it's being done on the backs of the most productive in society (is this a fancy way of saying: people who buy things will buy things with batteries?)

If the idea is strictly "What's wrong with CO2"...who said CO2? :)
by wredcoll | 2025-04-18 22:56:44+00:00
> People don't strongly oppose libraries that stock study books. They oppose race quotas.

People absolutely do oppose libraries. They also oppose programs that pay for tutors for poor kids, programs that allocate more money to schools in poorer neighborhoods and basically anything else you can think of.

But I do admit it must make your life incredibly simple to just pretend racism doesn't exist and everyone ends up in the exact position they deserve.
by minimaxir | 2025-04-18 22:57:00+00:00
At a high level, what causes hallucinations is an easier question than how to solve them.

LLMs are pretrained to maximize the probability of predicting the n+1 token given n tokens. To do this reliably, the model learns statistical patterns in the source data and transformer models are very good at doing that when large enough and given enough data. It is therefore suspect to any statistical biases in the training data because despite many advances in guiding LLMs, e.g. RLHF, LLMs are not sentient and most approaches to get around that such as the current reasoning models are hacks over a fundamental problem with the approach.

It also doesn't help that when sampling the tokens, the default temperature of most LLM UIs is 1.0, with the argument that it is better for creativity. If you have access to the API and want a specific answer more reliably, I recommend setting temperature = 0.0, in which case the model will always select the token with the highest probability and tends to be more correct.
by vikramkr | 2025-04-18 22:57:29+00:00
There's the anthropic paper someone else linked, but also it's pretty interesting to see the question framed as trying to understand what causes the hallucinations lol. It's a (very fancy) next word predictor - it's kind of amazing that it doesn't hallucinate! Like that paper showed that there were circuits that functionally actually do things resembling arithmetic and computation with lookup tables instead of just blindly 'guessing' a random number when asked what an arithmetic expression equals and that seems like the much more extraordinary thing that we want to figure out the cause of!
by archagon | 2025-04-18 22:58:20+00:00
Holy baloney, that is some top grade insane rambling. (Seriously, "Hitler-centric"? Are we just throwing darts at the scary word board now?) The administration pays lip service to getting rid of DEI, but then tries to erase genuine American heroes like Harriet Tubman while hiring completely unqualified candidates like Pete Hegseth, glorifying genocidal maniacs like Andrew Jackson, and restoring racist Confederate monuments that should have been melted down in the 60's.

If you don't see the white supremacy inherent in these actions, you are like a fish in water.
by croes | 2025-04-18 23:00:19+00:00
That’s still DEI.

Poor have less chances? Enforce hiring of the poor.

Non-white habe less chances? Enforce hiring of non-whites.

Non-male have less chances? Enforce hiring of non-males.

Disabled have less chances? Enforce hiring of disabled.

If you have less chances because of a attribute you aren’t responsible for, enforce hiring of people with such an attribute to normalize the attribute in the workspace is DEI.
by photonthug | 2025-04-18 23:00:54+00:00
I've searched for "sandwich murder" and did not find what I was looking for, but the way the elisions line up are sometimes pretty funny. I've also learned that Subway shops are among the most dangerous eateries and that bologna especially seems to make people irritable enough to open fire. A few highlights for your consideration, redacted to protect the innocent, guilty, or hungry bystanders

- that the evidence that defendant fired the murder weapon during the sandwich - bologna sandwich found at the crime scene - presence in sandwich the morning of the murder - ways in which they could murder her mother. these included the sandwich ... sandwich incident could not be used - crime of capital murder. as a habitual offender, sentenced to life ... to the "bologna sandwich" constituted reversible error - coroner testified that victim had eaten a fish sandwich within 2 hours ... prior to his death - it was not first degree murder, and the court should have ... sandwich. he paid for the sandwich, but did not pay for the coffee - convicted of malice murder and possession of a ... sandwich - she was shot and that she had some change in one hand and a sandwich in the other ... sandwich in your hand kind of slow your progress down in getting a gun out of your ... sandwich
by Animats | 2025-04-18 23:01:32+00:00
Probably not. Hydrofoil boats work OK, but few applications need the speed. The US Navy went through a period of hydrofoil enthusiasm, and built some.[1] Boeing built a hydrofoil ferry, and some are still in service. The Navy version used 10x as much fuel per hour in hydrofoil mode, running off a gas turbine. Of course, it was going fast in that mode.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQ2sSRBMPqs
by howard941 | 2025-04-18 23:01:42+00:00
My mom's personality changed a lot with dementia. After a couple of months she forgot she was a heavy smoker. Watching documentaries and sitcoms pre-dementia was replaced with aimless watch anything but not really caring about it at all. She lost a lot of self restraint so it was hard to go out to places because she'd make an insulting remark about a stranger. We tried anyway. This was all after she forgot who her children were so we were getting pretty late stage.
by pclmulqdq | 2025-04-18 23:01:50+00:00
-ffast-math has about 15 separate compiler flags that go into it, and on any given piece of code, about 3-5 of them are disastrous for your numerical accuracy (but which 3-5 changes by application). If you do the other 10, you get most of the benefit without the inaccuracy. -ffast-math is especially dumb because it encourages people to go for all of them or nothing.
by kragen | 2025-04-18 23:02:07+00:00
> It would be interesting to see what happens if instead some of the nitrogen in the air is replaced by [CO₂].

Well, if you think it would be interesting, click the NIOSH link I provided and read the references, because that's pretty much what they're talking about.

> A crucial difference to CO is that [CO₂] doesn't cause permanent damage as long as oxygen supply is restored in time.

This is not correct; CO₂ poisoning can cause permanent injuries, including death, even when oxygen supply is never cut off, much less when it is restored in time. The comment you are replying to explained this in some detail and provided (abbreviated) references.

> [hemoglobin] touched by CO becomes essentially useless for the body since CO has a similarly high binding affinity to hemoglobin as oxygen. Recovering from that pretty much requires replacing the affected red blood cells.

This contains two major errors. First, CO binds much more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen, about 240× as strongly; if it didn't, CO levels would have to be almost as high as oxygen levels to have an effect, but in fact 0.4% CO in the atmosphere is enough to kill you in half an hour. The second error, contradicting the first, is your claim that recovering from CO poisoning requires replacing the affected red blood cells. While CO binds to hemoglobin more strongly than oxygen, it isn't that strong; the carboxyhemoglobin thus produced can in fact release its CO and become functional hemoglobin again, with a half-life of about 5 hours. If replacing the affected red blood cells were required, it would be eliminated in about 30 days rather than about 5 hours. If, on the other hand, CO had a similarly high binding affinity to hemoglobin as oxygen, as you said it did, then it would be eliminated in about a minute rather than 5 hours.
by siliconwitch | 2025-04-18 23:02:09+00:00
The SoC we use will also be gaining support for non-terrestrial networks soon. It’s the same feature that new iPhones have for Satellite based SOS when you’re outside of cell range. We’re not sure when it’ll be ready yet, or what the power consumption will be, but perhaps that could be something useful for this sort of use case. As far as I know it’ll support regular data traffic too, not just for emergencies.
by mmooss | 2025-04-18 23:02:19+00:00
> It's also very likely that even if they can attack crypto in ways we don't know about, they can at best reduce the required time it takes to crack a given key.

Why do you say that? Very often the vulnerabilities are not in the mathematics but in the implementation.

If Signal works, as was pointed out during the recent scandal, it only protects messages in transit. The application on your phone is not especially secure and anyone who can access your phone can access your Signal messages (and thus any of your correspondents' messages that they share with you).

> that's a pretty strong lead that it's very hard if not impossible to crack signal, at least for the Chinese.

The NSA does not recommend Signal for classified communication.

The NSA thinks use of Signal is the best interest of the US government, as the NSA perceives those interests (every institution will have its own bias). It could be that Signal is the least insecure of the easily available options or that that the NSA believes that only they can crack Signal.
by wredcoll | 2025-04-18 23:03:16+00:00
> It’s basically a return to the 1990s, when we retained a distinctly Anglo-flavored dominant American culture, but anyone could assimilate into that culture.

But that's.. not what the 1990s actually were like? I mean, this isn't that long ago, I was there, I lived through it. Returning to the 1990s is not a great goal, maybe we should try moving forwards?
by throwup238 | 2025-04-18 23:03:22+00:00
Where do you draw the line for the other "extreme"?

Assuming carbon based life as we know it, 300-400C is the probably a hard limit at which point single carbon bonds begin to break down.

Assuming life on earth as we know it, with ATP universally conserved across the entire evolutionary tree, the limit is really 150C. We've seen incredible survival adaptations like cryptobiosis but no organism exists that doesn't use ATP as its most basic unit of energy storage. That's the theoretical limit, but realistically other highly conserved critical pathways start to break down well before that temperature.
by anamax | 2025-04-18 23:04:58+00:00
"while other editors, like Emacs, could cost hundreds of dollars."

Huh?

While I suppose that one "could" pay for Emacs, the vast majority of users never have.

Then again, I've only been using Emacs for 45 years, so I'm a newbie. (Yes, I started with the Teco implementation.)
by Analemma_ | 2025-04-18 23:05:13+00:00
I think modern cryptography is basically unbreakable if used correctly, but there is still a lot of work to do re: developer ergonomics and avoiding footguns in implementations. This is much better than it used to be, thanks to things like libsodium, moving away from RSA, and newer protocols that de-emphasize cipher negotiation, but there is still more to do, even with “good” crypto primitives. For example, AES used perfectly is probably unbreakable but AES-GCM has ways to bite the unwary; ideally we should think about an even newer symmetric block cipher or increasing awareness of better AES modes without GCM’s drawbacks.
by CalChris | 2025-04-18 23:06:10+00:00
I've always considered TECO as the ur editor.

Of course, TECO is the explicit ancestor of emacs, as emacs was originally implemented as TECO macros. However, I can't find a paper trail giving similar credit to TECO for vi. That said, istuff<esc> is the same in TECO as it is in vi and TECO (1963) well predated vi (1976). RSTS (along with TECO) was used at Berkeley in 1974 before v6 Unix was installed by Ken Thompson on a sabbatical to his alma mater in 1975. Bill Joy started as a grad student at Berkeley that same year. emacs (1976) wasn't ported to Unix until the 80s.

There's no hard evidence and neither Ken Thompson nor Joy has ever mentioned TECO. So I'm probably wrong.

But I still consider TECO to be the ur editor.
by derriz | 2025-04-18 23:06:21+00:00
> The technology hadn't improved not much more than a quarter's worth so far in my lifetime as far as EV is concerned.

Average EV range has increased 2.7 fold in the years 2010 to 2021[1] and has continued to increase - by 40% since then. Neary a 4-fold improvement in 15 years.

Charging tech has improved from the initial Level 1 (1kW) and Level 2 (13kW) technology to fast charging (150kW) or 350kW (current fastest commonly available) while BYD is promising 1MW charging soon. A 350 fold increase with more to come.

Prices for EV batteries exceeded $1000 per kWh in 2010, down to $111 per kWh in 2025 - a 90% drop.

The technology has improved dramatically.

[1] https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/evolution-of-...
by toomuchtodo | 2025-04-18 23:06:54+00:00
The US has a housing shortage [1] (~3M-8M units) that will persist long into the future due to a shortage of tradespeople [2], artificial land scarcity due to new builders constraining supply [3], etc. Upzoning and YIMBY are important components in increasing housing supply and affordability, but relocating folks closer to critical social systems (schools for families with school age children, hospitals and care facilities for seniors) versus expecting everyone to have a car or expecting school bus service when that transportation system is already reaching failure [4] [5] is also of some measurable value (imho). Remember, fertility rate is rapidly declining in almost every state [6] [7], so there should be fewer children in each subsequent educational cohort and families requiring locality near schools should trend downward over time (demographics are tricky and can change, so lots of assumptions relying on current trends as of this comment).

A potential solution is for cities and communities to issue bonds, purchase housing near schools when the economics are favorable (ie try to avoid overpaying), and hold it as public affordable housing for families (perhaps in concert with upzoning; buy adjacent parcels, demo, and rebuild as more dense multi family). Political will is the wildcard.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42277358 (citations)

[2] https://www.haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/Howard_Wang... (pages 22-23, 27 specifically)

[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VryFaFsKhVE

[4] https://www.epi.org/blog/the-school-bus-driver-shortage-rema...

[5] https://www.ncsl.org/state-legislatures-news/details/states-...

[6] https://usafacts.org/articles/how-have-us-fertility-and-birt...

[7] https://usafacts.org/articles/what-will-americas-population-...
by 5555624 | 2025-04-18 23:07:29+00:00
But, ships need far smaller crews than they did in the past. A tall ship takes a larger crew than a steamship back in the 1980s. (I've crossed the Atlantic both ways.) Today, with automation, we have unattended engine rooms (unattended machinery spaces or UMS). You'll never totally eliminate a crew, for hte reasons you mention; but, we've reduced the size significantly.
by alganet | 2025-04-18 23:07:33+00:00
Good UML is really simple UML.

"Then what about complex things? Can't make everything simple"

Do partial diagrams. Simplify or skip things your team already knows.

Also, great UML is no UML. Sometimes the code itself is short and clear enough, requiring no diagram (of course, not all diagrams are about code... but use case diagrams are rare these days anyway).

Also, use cases and use case diagrams are great.

Also, perfect UML is disposable. Thinking of long term diagrams that serve as documentation is a mistake.
by metalman | 2025-04-18 23:07:46+00:00
Nice to see an enthusiast/engineering site that is putting cutting egde design ideas into the public domain. Grew up with boat builders on the south shore of Nova Scotia, and knew and learned from some of the last people to build and crew working schooners, that were also raced, I a boy, and they proud old men. Also know current builders and restorers of blue water boats. A few years ago I stumbled onto footage of a big hydrofoil cat that was the first boat to break the 50 knot barrier, you could tell that any celebrating was waiting and would largely be to celebrate still bieng alive, big seas, 50+kn, and quite clearly nothing but flinders left if anything broke and they plowed into a wave.,..,........they were standing on deck
by pclmulqdq | 2025-04-18 23:07:54+00:00
Most real math libraries will do this with only a quarter of the period, accounting for both sine and cosine in the same numerical approximation. You can then do range reduction into the region [0, pi/2) and run your approximation, flipping the X or Y axis as appropriate for either sine or cosine. This can be done branchlessly and in a SIMD-friendly way, and is far better than using a higher-order approximation to cover a larger region.
by wredcoll | 2025-04-18 23:07:58+00:00
> All else being equal, it’s not possible for a “racially diverse” team to function differently than a racially homogenous one.

And if all horses are perfectly spherical, they'd be awfully hard to ride.

The plain fact is that people are discriminated, for and against, based solely on their appearance. It happens today and it sure happened 100 years ago.
by AngryData | 2025-04-18 23:08:12+00:00
Yes, unequal enforcement of the law is inherently unjust and ripe for abuse. That doesn't mean the law shouldn't be changed, but a legal system that arbitrarily picks and chooses when it enforces the law is corrupt and has a built in method to persecute and target select people and groups. It undermines the very principle of Rule of Law and allows unjust laws to remain on the books ready to be selectively enforced.
by Animats | 2025-04-18 23:08:14+00:00
There is a cute little two-seater electric airplane used as a trainer.[1] Gets about 50 minutes on a charge. EHang has demonstrated 48 minutes of flight with their flying car (a 16-rotor drone). Expect to see those at the 2028 Olympics, ferrying VIPs around Los Angeles. But energy density is too low for long trips.

[1] https://www.pipistrel-aircraft.com/products/velis-electro/
by muzani | 2025-04-18 23:09:58+00:00
My general advice is to be aware when you're in the grief cycle and get out of there as fast as possible so that you can think clearly. A lot of people in the comments are in denial and bargaining. You sound like you're at depression... almost out of it!

But things will continue to happen. Some people take years to get out of denial or anger. In this period, they do really dumb things. Things will get worse. Which causes more grief.

Catch yourself. Let the emotions flow, but be aware of the process. Maybe you choose to fight it, but try to get into the Acceptance phase first, where your anger can strike like a hammer, instead of a river.

A lot of the pro-AI people have been there too. Kent Beck wrote a nice article on his experience: https://tidyfirst.substack.com/p/90-of-my-skills-are-now-wor...
by robocat | 2025-04-18 23:10:00+00:00
This could also be used to create the highest resolution possible to see.

We can easily project high resolution images onto the retina, but the resolution limit is set by the cones themselves.

Subpixel resolution is a fun idea, but I suspect would need a mapping of the first processing layers (how the colour cones/pixels are first combined). Subpixels work on screens due to pixel regularity.