MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by MarcusAnima | 2025-04-02 13:38:52+00:00
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by exAspArk | 2025-04-02 13:39:13+00:00
There are a few different approaches. The main categories, from simplest to most complex:

1) Read replicas with copied data. The most straightforward, allowing using the same SQL syntax and tooling. Examples: Postgres read replica and BemiDB (disclaimer: I'm a contributor)

2) Operational databases with integrations. Designed for sub-second real-time, bring their own extended SQL syntax for things like window functions. Examples: Materialize and RisingWave

3) Analytical databases with syncing. Allow writing and reading directly, optimized for analytical workloads. Examples: ClickHouse and DuckDB

4) Data warehouses with ETL. Great for large volumes of data, traditionally used with ETL batch processing. Examples: Snowflake and Redshift
by LostMyLogin | 2025-04-02 13:39:18+00:00
I've been lifting five to six days a week since 2012, with some de-loading periods between, and have had my nutrition and sleep locked in for the majority of that time. Anecdotal of course, but I will still sit here and say that creatine is the only supplement that has actually worked over all those years - in fact, it's the only one I currently take.

I recover so much better when on roughly 5mg of Creatine for an extended period of time versus when I am not taking any. I also very clearly notice added water weight. That recovery leads to better training sessions which in turn leads to increased muscle and strength.

The difference in water retention and recovery is measurable whether doing a PPL or something like Tactical Barbell blocks.. call me crazy.

EDIT: 5g not 5mg
by skadamat | 2025-04-02 13:39:24+00:00
I've had the pleasure of working with a personal trainer who has a broad educational training background. She emphasized that creatine "kind of helped" but it was really only that last mile 5% benefit. And the effect would mostly be long-term (1-2 years of dedicated training). She just told me to focus on trying to get 1 gram of high quality protein daily for pound of body weight.

This study is just one study, but to me just highlights her same observation even more.
by aftbit | 2025-04-02 13:39:58+00:00
>The US group, led by Elon Musk, delivered 336,681 cars in the first quarter, far fewer than the 390,000 forecast by analysts and the 387,000 it delivered in the same period last year.

That's a 13% decline in sales. They delivered 3740 cars per day (assuming 90 days in quarter), instead of the 4300/day they delivered last year or the 4333/day they forecast.
by johannes1234321 | 2025-04-02 13:40:18+00:00
While the dump may be simpler to consume, building it isn't simpler.

The generic web crawler works (more or less) everywhere. The Wikipedia dump solution works on Wikipedia dumps.

Also mind: This is tied in with search engines and other places, where the AI bot follows links from search results etc. thus they'd need the extra logic to detect a Wikipedia link, then find the matching article in the dump, and then add the original link back as reference for the source.

Also in one article on that I read about spikes around death from people etc. in that scenario they want the latest version of the article, not a day old dump.

So yeah, I guess they used the simple straight forward way and didn't care much about consequences.
by imagio | 2025-04-02 13:40:52+00:00
Cool! That's an interesting approach putting the actions in wasm. I'm going for something more tightly integrated into an application rather than entirely in the database layer.

The actions in my prototype are just TS functions (actually Effects https://effect.website/ but same idea) that can arbitrarily read and write to the client local database. This does put some restrictions on the app -- it has to define all mutations inside of actions and capture any non-deterministic things other than database access (random number, time, network calls, etc) as part of the arguments. Beyond that what an app does inside of the actions can be entirely arbitrary.

I think that hits the sweet spot between flexibility, simplicity, and consistency. The action functions can always handle divergence in whatever way makes sense for the application. Clients will always converge to the same semantically valid state because state is always advanced by business logic, not patches.

Patches are recorded but only for application to the server's database state and for checking divergence from expected results when replaying incoming actions on a client. It should create very little load on the backend server because it does not need to execute action functions, it can just apply patches with the confidence that the clients have resolved any conflicts in a way that makes the most sense.

It's fun and interesting stuff to work on! I'll have to take a closer look at SQLSync for some inspiration.
by donavanm | 2025-04-02 13:40:54+00:00
A late reply, but thats not how AWS IAM (or most advanced authz systems) work. AWS IAM is a “capability” system with dynamic policies; its nothing so simple as a “role” based authorization contrary to some product naming. To wit, every authz evaluation is a dynamic evaluation of policy and context. Each check uses one or more policies with one or more policy statements that are combined with some boolean logic and predicate rules. The policies may be associated (sourced) with the particular request based on calling principal, principal attributes, the target resource, a related resource, or even other metadata like AWS Org membership. Thats combined with the point in time context from the request (ex action name, parameters), request metadata (eg time), principal (id, tags, etc), resource (arn, attributes, tags), and some more “system” specific context variables. You (and the authorizing service) need ALL of that information to perform an authz evaluation.

This is complicated by dynamic data, like time or source address or caller principal tag values, so even identical requests may have different results. There are also complications like DENY statements and “unless” predicates that entirely defeat a simple “resource x requires y” approach.

Evem if you solve all of those challenges via magic you end up back at information disclosure where your adversary is now capable of rapidly enumerating and testing all your authz policies!
by esafak | 2025-04-02 13:41:06+00:00
Where does the genome, genetic representation, you are evolving come from? The same raw features you use in neural networks? Then you optimize using that? If so, why not use gradient descent, which is faster? And this is still a step behind neural networks even apart from the optimization method, because neural networks use composition to learn features. How are you doing that?

Do you have any real world examples of your method that are competitive with DL methods?
by Retric | 2025-04-02 13:41:21+00:00
It also helps with short term energy so maximum performance over a 30-90 second window increases, which fits many sports. It’s less useful for endurance athletes or 1 rep max.

“By taking a creatine supplement, such as creatine monohydrate, you can change the amount of phosphocreatine and creatine in your muscles. The extra creatine can help your muscles make more ATP faster as you use it to fuel your cells during high-intensity exercise.

One reason your body builds more lean muscle tissue when you take creatine is that your muscles will hold more water. The pressure from the water in your cells causes your muscles to swell. This water and swelling can also make cells grow.” https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/creatine

On average it also improves cognitive function slightly etc, but like most supplements individual results vary. “especially as you get older. But studies have not shown a strong effect.”
by immibis | 2025-04-02 13:42:01+00:00
The crawler companies just do not give a shit. They're running these crawl jobs because they can, the methodology is worthless, the data will be worthless, but they have so much computing resources relative to developer resources that it costs them more to figure out that the crawl is worthless and figure out what isn't worthless, than it does to just do the crawl and throw away the worthless data at the end and then crawl again. Meanwhile they perform the internet's most widespread DDoS (which is against the CFAA btw so if they caused actual damages to you, try suing them). I don't personally take an issue with web crawling as a concept (how else would search engines work? oh, they don't work any more anyway) but the implementation is obviously a failure.

---

I've noticed one crawling my copy of Gitea for the last few months - fetching every combination of https://server/commithash/filepath. My server isn't overloaded by this. It filled up the disk space by generating every possible snapshot, but I count that as a bug in Gitea, not an attack by the crawler. Still, the situation is very dumb, so I set my reverse proxy to feed it a variant of the Wikipedia home page on every AI crawler request for the last few days. The variation has several sections replaced with nonsense, both AI-generated and not. You can see it here: https://git.immibis.com/gptblock.html

I just checked, and they're still crawling, and they've gone 3 layers deep into the image tags of the page. Since every URL returns that page if you have the wrong user-agent, so do the images, but they happen to be in a relative path so I know how many layers deep they're looking.

Interestingly, if you ask ChatGPT to evaluate this page (GPT interactive page fetches are not blocked) it says it's a fake Wikipedia. You'd think they could use their own technology to evaluate pages.

---

nginx rules for your convenience - be prepared to adjust the filters according to the actual traffic you see in your logs

location = /gptblock.html {root /var/www/html;}

if ($http_user_agent ~* "https://openai.com/gptbot") {rewrite ^.*$ /gptblock.html last; break;}

if ($http_user_agent ~* "claudebot@anthropic.com") {rewrite ^.*$ /gptblock.html last; break;}

if ($http_user_agent ~* "https://developer.amazon.com/support/amazonbot") {rewrite ^.*$ /gptblock.html last; break;}

if ($http_user_agent ~* "GoogleOther") {rewrite ^.*$ /gptblock.html last; break;}*
by whizzter | 2025-04-02 13:42:38+00:00
It's about the multiplayer application case, think Google Write/Sheets/etc. Applications with data that can change by multiple users and you can both see it live and the application (that keeps state in memory/localdb) is also resilient to disconnects.

The reason people descend into this madness is because visible replication code is tricky and the general feeling is that it'll infect parts that shouldn't be infected (or at least not without a general framework).

So at a somewhat trivial level you have:

A: A bare log replication system (where the application needs awareness for most object types multiplying object complexity).

B: A object replication system where the framework handles all object types coherently and the application "only" needs to be aware of how to fetch objects, think a KV store that stores fairly basic objects with some addressing support.

C: Since recent crowd "wisdom" dictates that most KV stores will likely re-implement SQL functionality badly, people go straight to doing the SQL case (maybe they've had a curiosity about SQL databases already that they're scratching)

I've recently built A (basic replication and LWW) and building the application I'm definitively feeling an itch to just start over or adjust to support B (a simple replicated KV store) to separate the concerns more, I can see how I would also feel the SQL itch of C (but having done SQL like systems before it's not as bad for me).

For this first application A will suffice (since the offline needs are relatively trivial) but having a more complicated application in mind I'm strongly considering B for that project (along with designs or third party libs to make it happen).

I think a big gap in the space is that most seem focused on "documents" (esp the CRDT based tools), ie a document being the atomic piece that is synchronized but imo it leaves a big gap in that now all regular application management tools like SQL query tools are useless since essentially you only have a bunch of "blobs" or worse. If you want the regular enterprise SQL backend these tools don't seem to have a focus on synchronizing to those regular backend storage systems.
by nayuki | 2025-04-02 13:42:45+00:00
Regarding the wrong code, I already wrote (and you can confirm in my unrolled analysis):

> every instance of testing `k < 16` is true before we hit UB. Therefore it can be simplified to true without loss of functionality, because after we hit UB, we are allowed to do absolutely anything.

Regarding the correct code, the key insight is that when k is 16, the test `k < 16` is false, so we break out of the loop and avoid reading out of bounds. Always check bounds before indexing the array, not after!

This article is a helpful introduction: https://blog.regehr.org/archives/213

> is the compiler doing a loop unroll and study that parallels your analysis?

Yes, compilers do all sorts of crazy stuff from bounds analyses to loop induction transformations. Personally, I've seen GCC eliminate my second loop variable in an implementation of the TEA cipher because it figured out that the first variable can be derived from the second, and it adjusted the bounds.

> it also seems a bit nuts that these c guys remediated that behavior by allowing an out of bounds index access with their change

You are right, it's insane that they decided to make a special case for one piece of wrong code (SPEC), probably because it's too popular to fail. That's a social/political problem, not a technical one.
by radarsat1 | 2025-04-02 13:43:05+00:00
For a complex enough problem (like next word prediction on arbitrary text), I really have my doubts that any such method will result in an "interpretable" solution. More likely you end up with a giant stack of indecipherable if statements, gotos, and random multiplications. And that's assuming no matrices are involved, introduce those and you've just got a non-differentiable, non-parallelizable neural network.
by noneeeed | 2025-04-02 13:43:07+00:00
It's a big issue there but it's very localised to that specific area (which is itself in the bottom 25% of areas in the UK). They are like having a whole load of idling lorries sat near your house all at the same time, normally for several days at a time. And all of that is on top of the general level of pollution from being in the centre of London. I'm going from a documentary and a couple of article from a few years ago, which I should try and find.

Hopefully with all the work on both improving the fuel used, and providing grid hookups so they can turn their engines off, that will have made a big difference. Hopefully the effects of the congestion charges have made a big difference too. A lot of the kids featured in the documentary had a really crap life because of it all.
by IgorPartola | 2025-04-02 13:43:17+00:00
There was a comedian talking about how Musk is now selling trucks after selling eco friendly sedans to anyone who will buy one. People who drive Real Manly Trucks in this country generally don’t jive with the eco friendly crowd so he has to act more like them.

Of course that’s a humorous take, not a serious one but I do wonder how much of that is a part of his thinking.

I do think there is a chance he just runs Tesla into the ground and there definitely is an opportunity for another company to come in and position themselves as quality electric vehicles without the politics.
by gedy | 2025-04-02 13:43:24+00:00
In 25 years in industry, I have never seen estimates proven to be valuable or important, mostly used for dumb purposes, and generally are a waste of time.

At this point I feel Kanban style priorities and limiting work in progress to be only useful approach.

When some product person dumps a huge task in the priorities, break it down into smaller deliverables. No estimates are really needed.
by maxmorlocke | 2025-04-02 13:43:42+00:00
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by bena | 2025-04-02 13:44:04+00:00
Six of one and half a dozen of the other?

Other companies now have decent EV offerings.

Of course, if you're conspiratorially minded, you could posit that he's taking such polarizing positions especially against the demographic more likely to purchase EVs in order to give an excuse as to why Tesla sales are down.

But I'm willing to accept that it's a bit of both. Rivian and others now have comparable EVs and Elon's been a bit of a dick.
by pjc50 | 2025-04-02 13:44:24+00:00
> "In terms of income, I’d try to set up some little online business that gets you about $5k/m"

Ah yes, simple easy life advice that every citizen can follow.

The rest of this .. some is pretty good, especially about not just focusing on computers but on people, but even now I think the "don't go to university" is hugely controversial because a lot of employers do look at qualifications.
by 9rx | 2025-04-02 13:44:25+00:00
> Software development inherently involves more unknowns than fields like construction, making estimation harder.

If by construction you mean only cookie cutter houses and garden sheds, maybe, but construction doesn't end there. As soon as you look to anything interesting, construction has all the unknowns software has and an environment that brings even more unknowns. Computing environments, in contrast, are highly predictable. Software has it easy.

The trouble here is that the original premise is flawed. Construction estimation is almost never accurate. Open today's newspaper and you're almost certainly going to read about yet another construction project that is over time and over budget by millions upon millions of dollars.
by cheevly | 2025-04-02 13:44:52+00:00
Imo if you aren’t able to AI code at scale, you are probably falling significantly behind the curve.

If I challenged you to build a large piece of quality software using only AI edits, could you do it? If you don’t believe it’s possible (or productive), I would be happy to generate some codebases or products live, in exchange for $$$ ;)
by keiferski | 2025-04-02 13:45:14+00:00
I wouldn’t go to university...[instead just learn to code and build a business online making $5k a month.](paraphrased.)

This is bad advice if you're truly seeking to be educated, rather than merely be trained for a job. The problem with self-education is that you'll only ever gravitate toward things that you find interesting or useful. Which is probably just fine if all you care about is making a basic living doing something you enjoy.

But, if you're interesting in learning, there is a lot of value in basically being forced to do difficult things that you don't necessarily enjoy doing in the moment. I might even call this skill a requirement for adulthood, which is full of such situations.

Of course, don't go into serious debt for it, but that's a different question. The value of an education shouldn't be primarily financial in the first place.
by nayuki | 2025-04-02 13:45:16+00:00
The problem isn't ++k per se. The problem is the expression d[++k], which immediately reads d[16] before realizing that `k < 16` is false. Look at your sibling comments for explanations and corrections: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43553392 , https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43553519

> And it will still cause trouble close to arrays if size INT_MAX.

Fun fact, `for (int i = 0; i <= INT_MAX; i++) {}` is undefined behavior in C/C++ but a well-defined infinite loop in Java.
by pebal | 2025-04-02 13:45:22+00:00
Yes, SGCL is my project.

You can't write concurrent code without atomic operations — you need them to ensure memory consistency, and concurrent GCs for Java also rely on them. However, atomic loads and stores are cheap, especially on x86. What’s expensive are atomic counters and CAS operations — and SGCL uses those only occasionally.

Java’s GCs do use state-of-the-art technology, but it's technology specifically optimized for moving collectors. SGCL is optimized for non-moving GC, and some operations can be implemented in ways that are simply not applicable to Java’s approach.

I’ve never tried modeling SGCL's algorithms in TLA+.
by chasd00 | 2025-04-02 13:46:46+00:00
“I never sleep I had a roommate once but I drove her nuts I mean really nuts they had to take her away in an ambulance I knitted you a sweater.” that’s from memory so probably not 100% but was my sister’s favorite line.

Heh when Mitch goes to her dorm in the middle of the night and she’s using one of those giant floor sanders to refinish her dorm room floor is pretty effing funny.
by notesinthefield | 2025-04-02 13:47:19+00:00
Curious to see support for the TRT statement - I myself have been on test cyp and anastrazole for the better part of two years with not one side effect. Been in and around steroid users in the strength sport realm for 15. The people with "nasty" side effects are almost always abusers that blast/cruise too often with no AI or PCT e.g dumbasses. Its been a life changing experience for me (going from low 200 ng/dl free T to 800-900 at 32)
by financltravsty | 2025-04-02 13:47:19+00:00
Careers are not looking good long-term. Add in the exorbitant cost of uni in the US and dwindling entry level opportunities-- it's hard to see how going through the gauntlet of building a business (including learning valuable, tangible skills and building ones network out) could be much worse than... spending $40k-1m+ to roll the dice in hypercompetitive, saturated job markets.

If you're of modest or lower means, what other choice do you have? Continue taking the advice of a bygone era and hope it works out? Foolish, really.
by nanna | 2025-04-02 13:47:45+00:00
In the 1920s or '30s Henry Ford stopped or at least slowed with the antisemitic bile that he was spewing in his newspaper The Dearborn Independent, which put Hitler's Mein Kampf to shame and earned him the only favourable American mention in Hitler's book, because it was impacting sales of his cars. The question is whether the same might be the case for Musk, but his wealth seems decoupled from his cars, so it's not going to happen.
by MrMcCall | 2025-04-02 13:47:46+00:00
You're absolutely right, and, while it's good for life-karma, it's not so good for HN-karma.

No one bullies harder than the nerds around here. Such a hateful bunch of ignorant fools.

Of course, that doesn't apply to everyone here, for sure -- some people are absolutely lovely, like DonHopkins -- but perhaps 90%.

But that's always the problem with majorities, they follow the lead of their leader, and damn their conscience and other points of view, wielding their power like a cudgel. They tend to bully minorities of every kind, especially ideological minorities.

"There is nothing more important than compassion, and only the truth is its equal."