MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by shippage | 2025-04-18 02:25:40+00:00
The two sibling comments have great answers. For me, it feels like a very intuitive process. I've described it to others in the past as feeling like I'm constructing a sort of cognitive atom graph, where memories, emotions, facts, and concepts are the nodes, and the strengths of connection between these are the edges.

To be clear, I'm not actually picturing a graph in my head; it's more that it feels similar in a lot of ways.

This probably sounds incredibly complicated, byzantine, and wasteful to word thinkers, but for me, constructing these "graphs" is so natural and rapid, that I can easily outthink my ability to convert my thoughts to words. It's intuition driven, and operates very quickly, in a sort of semi-conscious scatter/gather way.

I'm guessing other people may also do this subconsciously before they turn what they've gathered into words (maybe?), but for me, retrieving all this is often a more conscious activity.

All of this is as natural to me as breathing. I’m not planning out which things I’m going to scatter-gather, it just sort of happens, just like breathing or beating my heart just sort of happens, and just like those two things I can either be aware of it and control it, or unaware of it and just let it flow.

As an example, where someone else might literally think the words “my favorite flowers are roses”, I would grab concepts of flora, flower, plant reproduction, bees, nectar, pollen, etc. and facts like climbs trellises, susceptible to fungal infections, has thorns, and memories of many of the times I’ve seen roses or listened to someone talk about roses, and finally my emotions like happiness, fear (from the thorns), peacefulness, contentment, enjoyment, personal-ness, etc. Then link all of these together to give a graph that carries a lot of meaning that is extremely specific to me.

All this happens in a tiny fraction of a second. I'm aware of all the parts that go into this thought, even as I understand what the sum of those parts adds up to. There's a great deal of nuance in my new way of thinking that's hard to convert into words in a concise way. "My favorite flowers are roses" is a highly pruned version of what I was actually thinking. It's not a better way or a worse way of thinking. It's just different. Like everything, it has its strengths, and it has its weaknesses.
by stego-tech | 2025-04-18 02:26:18+00:00
Mine are rooted in the 90s/00s internet: I know the people I allow into my spaces, and extend to them a degree of trust to let others in who are also of legal age. I rotate the credentials every so often at random, forcing everyone to request the new password from me. Other spaces I inhabit also operate off this sort of "community trust" system, only letting in folks we already know ourselves. It's how we keep out minors and trolls, as well as just bad/no-longer-trusted actors.

It's inconvenient, sure, and it's not SEO-friendly, but it generally works and doesn't require checking IDs or doing biometric verifications. The thing is, I'm building a community, not a product, and therefore don't have the same concerns as, say, PornHub, for checking IDs. It's also not a scalable solution - I have to build individual rapports with people I can then trust to have the access keys to my space(s), and then monitor that trust at each password change to ensure it's not violated. It's hard work, but it's decently reliable for my needs.

For larger/at-scale providers...I think the better answer is just good-old-fashioned on-device or home-network filtering. The internet was NEVER meant to be child-friendly, and we need to make it abundantly clear to parents that it's never going to be so they take necessary steps to protect their children. I'd personally like to see more sites (in general, not just adult) contribute their domain names and CDNs to independent list maintainers (or published in a help article linked via their main footer) so individuals and organizations can have greater control over their online experience. I think if someone wants to, say, block the entire domain ranges of Amazon for whatever reason, then that information should be readily available without having to watch packet flows and analyzing CDN domain patterns.

It's just good netiquette, I think, but I'm an old-fashioned dinosaur in that regard.
by TechDebtDevin | 2025-04-18 02:27:02+00:00
You can get an Biz entity(and anyone who shoukd have one likely already does or has been meaning to) for < $50.00 and you can bet your ass that number will be coming down as the economy falls apart. During the covid crisis I could register LLCs in Colorado for $1.00 with a yearly renewal fee.
by throwaway36834 | 2025-04-18 02:27:51+00:00
> Today, President Donald J. Trump signed an Executive Order eliminating duty-free de minimis treatment for low-value imports from China, a critical step in countering the ongoing health emergency posed by the illicit flow of synthetic opioids into the U.S.

> All relevant postal items containing goods that are sent through the international postal network that are valued at or under $800 and that would otherwise qualify for the de minimis exemption are subject to a duty rate of either 30% of their value or $25 per item (increasing to $50 per item after June 1, 2025).

https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-pr...
by notpushkin | 2025-04-18 02:27:52+00:00
Yeah, that’s intentional — I think having a clear separation between templates and code is a good thing. Regardless, you can use most of Python syntax in Jinja2 (and in my interpretation too, of course).

And no, it’s not only good for simple use cases. Template inheritnace alone is a killer feature for bigger projects: https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/templates/#templ...
by bryanrasmussen | 2025-04-18 02:29:18+00:00
To Quote from Enoch Soames - https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/760

about a time traveling author who goes to the future (via Satanic dealmaking) and finds out nobody remembers him, there is this text copied from that text of the future

From page 234 of "Inglish Littracher 1890-1900" bi T. K. Nupton, publishd bi th Stait, 1992.

Fr egzarmpl, a riter ov th time, naimed Max Beerbohm, hoo woz stil alive in th twentith senchri, rote a stauri in wich e pautraid an immajnari karrakter kauld "Enoch Soames"—a thurd-rait poit hoo beleevz imself a grate jeneus an maix a bargin with th Devvl in auder ter no wot posterriti thinx ov im! It iz a sumwot labud sattire, but not without vallu az showing hou seriusli the yung men ov th aiteen-ninetiz took themselvz. Nou that th littreri profeshn haz bin auganized az a departmnt of publik servis, our riters hav found their levvl an hav lernt ter doo their duti without thort ov th morro. "Th laibrer iz werthi ov hiz hire" an that iz aul. Thank hevvn we hav no Enoch Soameses amung us to-dai!

You will of course note that the future is now our past, and the inevitable future did not come to pass, even though some people are still obviously working on it, and this is very troubling because it means the devil lied and poor Enoch Soames lost his soul and went to hell for nothing, because of a "a swindle, a common swindle" as Max Beerbohm puts it in the story.
by metalcrow | 2025-04-18 02:29:32+00:00
This is just playing a semantic shell game. The term refers to only certain things that are negative, but when the same things are positive it doesn't refer to them anymore? Even if you accept your changed definition as "coercive or state-enforced policies aimed at improving the gene pool", then laws against incest and mandatory genetic screening aimed at identifying cousins and thalassemia in Iceland, Cyprus, and Iran, are also eugenics.
by TechDebtDevin | 2025-04-18 02:31:09+00:00
Yes, but they are overhauling that. De minimis is going away for Chinese goods (and definately did give companies like ali express an unfair advantage with price conscious shoppers).

I honestly dont know how the IOT space is going to manage. Espressif microcontrollers that used to cost < $2.00 that you could slap in a security camera are going to cost $50.00 now.
by Aurornis | 2025-04-18 02:31:42+00:00
Unfortunately that is also going away as part of the tariff laws.

Ordering even a $5 part from out of the country is now going to be very expensive due to tariffs and the brokerage fees you will be charged for them to process the tariffs.

Doing all of the paperwork and payment processing for the tariffs adds a lot of overhead so they’re going to have to make it up with extra fees.
by notatoad | 2025-04-18 02:32:34+00:00
i grew up in rural canada and we used this all the time. it didn't even have to be in a box - if you could convince the driver to let you put it on the bus, you could ship it. and as long as it was going to another stop on the same bus route you could load it onto the bus yourself and the person you were shipping it to could take it off the bus, so there was no worrying about how the shippers were going to treat your stuff.

it was almost as good a service as having a friend with a truck that was going that way. but sadly, no more greyhound in canada.
by andrekandre | 2025-04-18 02:33:33+00:00
> It’s fundamentally identity politics, not some material conditions thing. > deep deep hatred for the coastal elites. They feel belittled and marginalized, not monetarily but culturally.

i would argue that is still 'material conditions' because marginalized also implies economic disparity, also a lot of the 'angry internet' is rural people with not much material futures

> Republicans gained power in the last few years because of the economy

material conditions then

> This isn’t going away by “solving” the wealth gap.

'material conditions' is much more than just wealth gap/money in my understanding; our media and economic incentives (rage baiting, grifting) for it are a large part of it for example
by trhway | 2025-04-18 02:35:18+00:00
In the StarTrek style future you could get anything you need for free. We're just exiting the era where we were having anything we wanted for $9.99 or whatever low silly price the people in Guangdong and Dongguan were ready to accept. Is there a difference between the free and low silly price? Yes, the low silly price still makes you not-that-wasteful like the free could. Anyway, it is the end of an era.

And it wasn't just era of cheapness, it was also an era of variety, as many trinkets which were economical to produce for the whole world wouldn't be economical to produce in/for the walled tariff gardens.
by lifthrasiir | 2025-04-18 02:35:29+00:00
> it will not crumble under its own weight

It is possible to make it not crumble under its own weight, right? I had my share of Lua nightmare with more than 100K lines of code back when I was a gamedev [1], and it seems that there are some requirements in order to remain sane with the growth. Thankfully there are now multiple working type checkers for Lua, unlike when I had to built my own.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18351788 is my canonical answer, but I have written many other comments about Lua which should be easy to search.
by pjacotg | 2025-04-18 02:35:37+00:00
There's a book on financial calculus by Rennie and Baxter [0] that gave me very good intuition on the ideas behind option pricing. It starts with the binomial model and moves on to using stochastic calculus. If you get into the topic you'll want to read more in depth books, but this may be a good place to start.

[0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/307698.Financial_Calculu...
by pmags | 2025-04-18 02:35:44+00:00
Will be interesting to see how the US retreat from science investment affects numbers/rankings for FY 2025.

If the current pace of NIH (lack of) funding is a guide [0], then the US is likely to move "out" a ring or two in that graphic.

[0] https://jeremymberg.github.io/jeremyberg.github.io/
by Aurornis | 2025-04-18 02:37:33+00:00
> And, consumers importing amounts over $800 is probably fairly unusual.

Not true. It’s common to receive phones and laptops shipped internationally from Apple, for example.

I don’t understand why some people are searching for ways to dismiss and downplay this in these comments. DHL is doing this because the volume of processing was excessively high now that the thresholds are lower. That means a lot of packages were meeting this criteria.
by lolinder | 2025-04-18 02:37:47+00:00
At a certain point I think we need to just acknowledge that we actually all learn two quite different dialects—Written English and Spoken English—and we should not expect our Written English to match 1:1 with our Spoken English.

It's a well-known problem in public speaking that if you write out a speech the way that most people want to it will sound terrible and stilted because the rules of speech are dramatically different than the rules of writing. The reverse is also true: if you've ever tried to transcribe speech (as in a talk or an interview) you'll quickly find that to make it at all legible you're actually not transcribing it verbatim, you're translating from the Spoken English dialect to the Written English dialect.

These differences aren't random or accidental either, they developed naturally to solve the dramatically different problems that the two media are meant to solve. Retaining spelling that no longer matches Spoken English is a great example of this in that it serves a number of very important purposes for readers and writers:

* It allows easy communication across large (100+ year) time gaps, which is one of writing's most valuable contributions.

* It distinguishes words that are now homophones but weren't always, providing greater clarity when reading.

* It provides a wider variety of word shapes than a consistent orthography would, increasing the visual differences between words on the page.

Every spelling reform effort gets stopped when the very literate (the ones who you really do have to get on board with a spelling reform effort) realize that the outcome will be that they will have a much harder time using formal writing for its intended purpose.

Where spelling reform actually does happen and works is where language change always happens—new dialects of Written English are evolving all the time, at a faster and faster rate as more people use text for a larger chunk of their communication. But a concerted, centralized effort to change the formal writing system is never going to work.
by tomjakubowski | 2025-04-18 02:38:32+00:00
Another trick with github urls: you can append .patch or .diff to any PR or commit URL, and you'll get back a git-formatted patch or diff.

https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/139966

https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/139966.patch

https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/139966.diff
by justin66 | 2025-04-18 02:38:52+00:00
Over the years, Tandy sold computers with a broader set of CPUs than anyone, as far as I know. [0] It's remarkable.

8080, 8085, Z80, 6803, 6809, 68000, 8088, V20, 80186 (of all things!), and also the purely PC-compatible stuff.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TRS-80_and_Tandy-brand...
by viraptor | 2025-04-18 02:41:06+00:00
There's various degrees of "solved" here. Identifying a generic area is cool. But I wouldn't call it a "solved problem" until it can consistently beat for example Rainbolt in accuracy. And there's no good comparison of completely random roads posted so far - mainly popular locations.

Basically, it's one thing to pick out a specific thing photographed thousands of times, but another to get a random country side view and pick out all the unique features for a very precise guess.
by Gathering6678 | 2025-04-18 02:42:27+00:00
Ah, yes. The romanization movement of Chinese characters[0]. We do have a pinyin system that bacame extremely important when computers came into China. If you didn't know pinyin, you would have to use other complicated methods (e.g. Wubi) to type in Chinese, which requires memorizing a whole new system.

[0]: only Chinese version available. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%89%E4...
by Qem | 2025-04-18 02:44:59+00:00
Assuming unchanged density of tissues, mass is proportional to volume and strength is proportional to muscle/bone cross section. According to the square-cube law[1], to keep the same weight to strength ratio under ≃20% higher gravity, body linear dimensions should be down-scaled by 1/1.2 ≃ 83%.

So I think not many generations would be necessary, given individuals with 83% the average size or smaller are a common occurrence. The trait small body size should just become more common.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%E2%80%93cube_law
by thomasfromcdnjs | 2025-04-18 02:45:17+00:00
I uploaded this image that I screenshotted off Google street view (no metadata) and it got with 200m.

https://chatgpt.com/share/6801bbf7-fd40-8008-985d-75c8813f55...

There is the chat.

Weirdly it said, "I’ve seen that exact house before on Google Street View when exploring Cairns neighborhoods."
by runako | 2025-04-18 02:46:16+00:00
Disclaimer: I don't like SPAs, and I think the "modern" web stack is a niche set of technologies that are being widely overused. (This is why I put "modern" in quotes.)

But I have worked with enough engineers schooled since React became popular to know that the "modern" Web stack basically is SPAs everywhere.

Incidentally, this same evolution has made SQL something of a dark art among programmers. It's good that the field is big and diverse and specialized! But also, there are tons of professional full-stack Web programmers who are functionally illiterate in SQL due to primarily using NoSQLs or ORMs.
by skissane | 2025-04-18 02:46:17+00:00
> Otherwise… I have no idea why the judge would just cave to the prosecutor’s argument like that.

A lot of judges in lower courts just aren't that good... the best legal minds gravitate to the top of the system, the judges at the lower tiers are very much a mixed bag – some brilliant, some incompetent, others who've lost all passion for their job and are just doing the bare minimum to avoid removal...
by AIPedant | 2025-04-18 02:46:35+00:00
I don’t think “organic computer” is a good way to think of a brain. The fact that human brains + some scratch paper can implement any Turing-complete model of computation is very interesting. But that’s not true of chimpanzee brains or orca brains or crow brains, all of which belong to intelligent, thinking animals.

Going the other way, it’s not clear that a Turing-complete model of computation can tractably implement (say) crow cognition. Turing machines can solve arbitrary systems of Schrödinger equations, so theoretically we could simulate every atom in a crow’s body and get an AI crow[1]. But that’s obviously intractable for any known physical computer, and would remain intractable even if we moved to proteins rather than atoms. So are there higher-order “primitives” of crow cognition that can be implemented on a Turing machine? Or is the problem akin to integration, where neat “symbolic” solutions are impossible for most brains, and only “numeric” approaches work?

[1] This is also true for humans: even if you take a loopy quantum consciousness approach, AGI is theoretically possible. Sometimes you see people arguing against AGI on the grounds of Gödel-incompleteness, but this is a mystical nonsense understanding of what Gödel actually proved.
by dragonwriter | 2025-04-18 02:46:38+00:00
ICE ought not to be able to issue a "hold order" directing the seizure of a person -- and, even if the person was already in custody, if the order can have any force after they would have been released from custody without the order, that is exactly what it is -- without a judicial determination of probable cause. Because the "hold order" is functioning as an a de facto arrest warrant, and we have a Constitutional standard for those.
by tkgally | 2025-04-18 02:47:47+00:00
I asked the just-released ChatGPT o4-mini-high to locate four photographs of varying difficulty. It didn’t get any of them right, though the guesses weren’t bad. The reasoning was also interesting to watch, as it cropped sections of the photos to examine them more closely. I put the photos, response, and reasoning trace here:

https://www.gally.net/temp/20250418chatgptgeoguesser/index.h...

Later: I tried the same prompt and photos with Gemini 2.5 Pro. It also got them all wrong, though with a similar degree of reasonableness to its guesses. I had thought that Google’s map and street-view data might lead to better results, but not this time.
by stubish | 2025-04-18 02:48:29+00:00
For Australia (who will need something like this this year per current legislation), the only sensible location is the government my.gov.au central service portal. None of the other services have an incentive or requirement to do it (Medicare, drivers license issuers, Centrelink). And given the scope of the rollout (all major social media, as nominated by the gov), it would need almost all of the banks or super funds to implement the same API for the project to not fail.

But I don't think anyone has told my.gov.au that needs to happen, so we are either going to get some proprietary solution from social media companies (tricky, since they will need to defend it in court as they are liable, but maybe discord saying 'best we can do sorry' or 'better than our competitors' will let them off). Or just switching off the services for a few days until the politicians panic about the blow back and defer the rollout until some committee can come up with a workable solution (ideally in the next election cycle).
by ack_complete | 2025-04-18 02:48:35+00:00
I would say Apple had been doing a fair amount of it prior to Microsoft, if you looked at the way they carefully patched the Monitor II ROM in later models. This is something that Atari didn't get at first when they first revised the OS in the 1200XL and shifted entire sections of code, before reverting major sections back to match the original OS.

Problem is, there were always programs that abused the OS so much that it would have been impractical to accommodate them, since bundling extra ROMs is costly. The worst case I know of is a program that used an entire section of the OS ROM as an XOR encryption key for sectors on disk.

As for Atari vs. C64, I love the Atari but it needed an update to the custom chips to compete with the C64 and other newer systems. But instead, Atari was looking at adding a 300 baud modem and a speech synthesizer to the computer instead.
by TheOtherHobbes | 2025-04-18 02:49:06+00:00
It's not unusual to see dyads described as intervals. Technically they're different. But where "triad" is used all the time, "dyad" just isn't used much.

Intervals are basically the number of semitones between two pitches. Life would be easy if you could just say "seven semitones", but in the context of scales and keys the intervals have names - second, third, etc - with modifiers that are somewhat context dependent.

Example: an augmented fourth and a diminished fifth are both six semitones wide, but you'd use one name or the other depending on the key/scale and other details.

Intervals that span more than an octave are usually called [number of octaves] + [usual name].
by mathieuh | 2025-04-18 02:49:26+00:00
All those non-English words you used do actually come from languages with phonetic alphabets (albeit only in one direction for French).

And while English spelling is inconsistent an educated native speaker can often pronounce newly-seen words with decent accuracy based on previous encounters with similar words so it’s not completely arbitrary.

English spelling gives you a pretty good idea of a word’s origin, which gives you a hint to its pronunciation. And this phenomenon of importing foreign words unchanged is hardly new so I think it’s something most native speakers would be familiar with.

Personally I really like English’s spelling. I like being able to look at a word and have a good idea of what its origin is, I think it adds something to the language. Reading English is like looking back through time. I understand the arguments for phoneticisation but I really think we would lose something great in the process.