MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by gh02t | 2025-04-16 17:44:24+00:00
Yeah, the hard part of MCMC is going from finite state and time spaces to continuous. But the general concepts and intuition for finite state/time get a LOT more complicated, even though they are ultimately fairly intuitive generalizations of the finite case. Maybe this is a hot take, but I did do my PhD on MCMC and to be honest I think most of the details for the more general case are superfluous for a lot of people who just want to use MCMC, since it boils down to "it basically just works algorithmically the same way as the easier to understand case of finite state/time but beware the actual details of proving that get very involved." The conclusion of the theory for MCMC is that it ends up being pretty darn lenient in terms of caveats and edge cases, so in practice as a user there aren't that many gotchas to not being really well versed in the deepest parts of the theory.

A counterpoint is that finding texts and references that do handle the more advanced cases in depth is quite difficult, bordering on impossible if you want something approachable. I recreated the general proofs for at least the continuous state case as a chapter in my dissertation and stringing together an end-to-end proof with the proper references required quite a lot of digging and discussions with my (co-)advisor.
by oofbaroomf | 2025-04-16 17:45:21+00:00
This is even more incomprehensible to users who don't understand what this naming scheme is supposed to mean. Right now, most power users are keeping track of all the models and know what they are like, so this naming wouldn't help them. Normal consumers don't really know the difference between the models, but this wouldn't help them either - all those letters and numbers aren't super inviting and friendly. They could try just having a linear slider for amount of intelligence and another one for speed.
Show HN: Podlettr, a Podcast-to-Newsletter Service
by lbrito | 2025-04-16 17:45:24+00:00
Hi HN!

We're excited to share Podlettr, our podcast-to-newsletter service.

Me and my co-founder love podcasts, but: there are a lot of good ones and sometimes they run very, very long. We both have families and busy schedules, so sometimes we wished those podcasts were a bit faster to go through - like newsletters!

So we came up with Podlettr: subscribe to your favourite podcasts and receive weekly newsletter digests of the latest episodes, in the formats that you wish. You might want a real estate podcast summarised into quick bullet points, while a true crime podcast might be better served in a longer essay format.

Podlettr was built with Rails and is hosted on Fly.io. We use Deepgram for audio transcription and chatgpt's API for summarisation. I handle the backend/infra aspects and my co-founder Sérgio does the UI/UX.

We've worked on and off on it for the last couple of years. You can read more about the project development here: https://lbrito.ca/blog/2025/04/podlettr.html
by korse | 2025-04-16 17:45:56+00:00
You make a good point about the Lean/Kaizen/JIT philosophies + headcount.

I've always been associated with mid-size (< 500 million/yr) where much of that 'wisdom' sounded good but didn't work out so well in practice. Sadly for the consulting folks, it isn't actually possible to lean out an entire supply chain and still maintain the ability to respond to market fluctuations. Being lower on that food chain, if you lay off reliable operators/maintenance during something like the COVID slump then you are screwed when business comes back because you can't rehire/train fast enough to fill orders that are needed 'next month'.
by elmolino89 | 2025-04-16 17:46:08+00:00
Re spiders/anything entering your shoes:

Do not leave them out in the open if possible. Unless the shoes are wet, pack them in a plastic bag and then put in the sleeping bag. I will sacrifice some comfort for not being afraid to put them on or spend the time cleaning them up from i.e. spiders or snails.

I have used it few times while sleeping in the wild in Australia between Sydney and Brisbane without the tent or hammock.
by sho_hn | 2025-04-16 17:46:49+00:00
> Children are (generally?) considered to have some moral obligation to help out their elderly parents (in my family at least), but no legal one.

The level of this is very culture-specific, with a gamut spanning from "children have no responsibility for their parents once they're independent" to "of course the first destination to send cash once you've made it is your folks". The two cultures I've lived among (German and Korean) are very different in this regard.

My personal take is that you should only have children if it's something you actually want to do and consider its own reward, with no expectations on "ROI".

The policy question of whether this is also the correct society-wide social contract to adopt is very valid, though.
by ty6853 | 2025-04-16 17:46:52+00:00
I mean that it is a nothingburger. Maybe some day it will not be a nothingburger.

If I meant to say it will be a nothingburger for all infinity I would say 'ever.' My intent here is to portray it could indeed change to not being a nothingburger, which is why I used a past tense in my first quote.
by matu3ba | 2025-04-16 17:47:08+00:00
Would be very cool, if once finished, the techniques are applied to user-schedulable languages https://www.hytradboi.com/2025/7d2e91c8-aced-415d-b993-f6f85....

I guess they are too tailored to the actual memory layout with respective memory access delay of the architecture, but I would like to be shown that I am wrong and it is feasible.
by araes | 2025-04-16 17:47:13+00:00
Thanks, confusion about the application and the intended use cases seems to be a common issue among other comments.

Initially thought it was an addon (or JS lib) that allowed for using Ruby as an embedded client-side scripting language that would parse in-line Ruby in the HTML.

Clearer once I realized it was closer to PHP or similar language usages.

Second also to the recommendation about a quick definition of ERB (Embedded RuBy). Had to look it up.

A few practical examples of what an actual user might want to do with HTML + ERB could be helpful.

- Client characteristics customization - Previous use history customization - The database Create, Read, Update, and Delete cycle using Herb - A basic Content Management System example - A basic e-commerce example - A basic RESTful API example

Note: These are just my guesses based on what I "believe" its for.
by egorfine | 2025-04-16 17:47:28+00:00
> I was filled with dread for having to do yet another major dependency update.

I am dreading. I have recently upgraded a few large breaking dependencies and at this point I'm dead inside. I'd rather remove zod and validation from the project than have another architectural shakedown of a minor piece of my project (validation).

> breaking changes have been kept within reason

There is always a reason why everything must be rewritten and broken[1].

[1] https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2001/04/21/dont-let-architect...
by echelon | 2025-04-16 17:47:56+00:00
They're rumored to be working on a social network to rival X with the focus being on image generations.

https://techcrunch.com/2025/04/15/openai-is-reportedly-devel...

The play now seems to be less AGI, more "too big to fail" / use all the capital to morph into a FAANG bigtech.

My bet is that they'll develop a suite of office tools that leverage their model, chat/communication tools, a browser, and perhaps a device.

They're going to try to turn into Google (with maybe a bit of Apple and Meta) before Google turns into them.

Near-term, I don't see late stage investors as recouping their investment. But in time, this may work out well for them. There's a tremendous amount of inefficiency and lack of competition amongst the big tech players. They've been so large that nobody else could effectively challenge them. Now there's a "startup" with enough capital to start eating into big tech's more profitable business lines.
by ivanr | 2025-04-16 17:48:15+00:00
I have a bunch of useful resources, most of which are free:

- If you're looking for a concise (yet complete) guide: https://www.feistyduck.com/library/bulletproof-tls-guide/

- OpenSSL Cookbook is a free ebook: https://www.feistyduck.com/library/openssl-cookbook/

- SSL/TLS and PKI history: https://www.feistyduck.com/ssl-tls-and-pki-history/

- Newsletter: https://www.feistyduck.com/newsletter/

- If you're looking for something comprehensive and longer, try my book Bulletproof TLS and PKI: https://www.feistyduck.com/books/bulletproof-tls-and-pki/
by ShakataGaNai | 2025-04-16 17:48:54+00:00
First.... 99% of people have zero interest in hosting things themselves anyways. Like on their own server themselves. Geocities era was possibly the first and last time that "having your own page" was cool, and that was basically killed by social media.

As for certs... maybe at the start it was hard, but it's really quite easy to host things online, with a valid certificate. There are many CDN services like Cloudflare which will handle it for you. There are also application proxies like Traefik and Caddy which will get certs for you.

Most people who want their own site today, will use Kinsta or SquareSpace or GitHub pages any one of thousands of page/site hosting services. All of whom have a system for certificates that is so easy to use, most people don't even realize it is happening.
by Suppafly | 2025-04-16 17:49:07+00:00
>“I have autism” is a better statement than “I’m autistic” because autism doesn’t define me.

If that sort of thing is useful for you, go for it, but I'm also leery of these attempts to redefine language when they involve larger campaigns. Most people don't consider "I'm X" to define them when it comes to other concepts and honestly it seems like it could be helpful to consider such things are part of your identity. I'm black/autistic/diabetic/etc puts in a larger community. It doesn't define who you are overall, but does give you some sense that one of your attributes is shared with others.
by buremba | 2025-04-16 17:49:26+00:00
Looks interesting! Bauplan seems like a mix of an orchestration engine and a data warehouse. It's similar to Motherduck as it runs DuckDB on managed EC2, with more data engineer-focused branching and Python support similar to SQLMesh.

It's interesting that most vendors compute in their own managed account instead of BYOC though. I understand it's hard to manage compute on the customer cloud for vendors, but I was under the impression that it's a no-go for most enterprise companies. Maybe I'm wrong?
by 9rx | 2025-04-16 17:49:32+00:00
> Lely is somewhat unique in that they're a robotics company rather than an agricultural machinery company that also makes some robots.

What equipment from the major agricultural manufacturers would you consider to be not robots these days? Even a simple tool like a field cultivator now employs robotics for things like keeping it at a precise depth, never mind the extensive robotics involved in more complex equipment.

There are some smaller companies still producing agricultural equipment that is not recognizable as a robot, but I'd consider that to be the exception rather than the norm.
by find | 2025-04-16 17:49:38+00:00
Bush's report was submitted in the months between the German surrender and the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan. It was a remarkable context for scientific optimism, given the huge impact of science and technology on the war effort. Radar developments are obviously an unalloyed good for shooting down German bombers.

Scientific progress is arguably even more relevant today, but the vision of the future has changed for the average American. Many achievements of the ensuing eight decades (vaccines eliminating polio and measles, nuclear energy, computing and social networks, cheap solar and wind, fracking, automation and artificial intelligence, cheap spaceflight) are viewed with fear and suspicion by large, different fractions of the US. Unfortunately, ceding scientific leadership to other powers does not reduce the destabilizing force of progress -- but I think there's some explanatory power here in simultaneously shutting down science and pursuing economic isolationism.
by formerly_proven | 2025-04-16 17:49:56+00:00
Die size: 135mm²

A current AMD CCD is ~70mm² and can drop around 120 W or so on that area. E.g. the 9700X has one CCD and up to a 142W PPT, 20 W goes to the IOD, ~120 into the CCD.

edit: (1) this account/IP-range is limited to a handful of comments per day so I cannot reply directly, having exhausted my allotment of HN comments for today (2) I do not understand what you take offense at, because I did not "change [my] original argument" - you claimed, a P4 die is much smaller, I gave a counter example, and made the example more specific in response to your comment (by adding the "E.g. ..." bit with an example of a SKU and how the power would approximately split up).
by bloomingeek | 2025-04-16 17:50:33+00:00
Ha, you're absolutely right! (Let's also not forget how FB literally steals everyone's privacy who uses the app.) I wouldn't worry about getting teased about the zuckster doing anything helpful, on NPR this morning they revealed he offered the trump administration 450 million dollars(!) to call the whole thing off, which they refused.

For those of us who haven't drank the GOP kool-aid, practiced restraint is now a way of life.
by taylodl | 2025-04-16 17:50:51+00:00
Most people typically look at genitals to determine sex. However, as beeforpork pointed out, there are individuals with XY chromosomes who have a vulva, a vagina, and internal testicles. Based on physical appearance alone, which is often the basis for sex determination at birth or during annual physicals, they would be classified as female. Yet, their chromosomes tell a different story. This complexity suggests that it may be inappropriate to strictly categorize them as either male or female. This is what it means to be non-binary. Beeforpork did a good job of detailing other instances where biological markers of sex don't align with the so-called sex chromosomes.
by Manuel_D | 2025-04-16 17:51:14+00:00
> However, other University of California schools have published this information. In one recent search at UC Berkeley employing substantially similar evaluation techniques to those that UC Davis used, there were 893 qualified applicants who submitted complete applications that met the basic job requirements. Of those applicants, 679 were eliminated solely because their diversity statements were deemed inadequate.

Do you have any substantial criticism of the factual claims made here? Or are you just insisting that this is a misinterpretation, without any evidence?
by pornel | 2025-04-16 17:52:00+00:00
Browsers check the identity of the certificates every time. The host name is the identity.

There are lots of issues with trust and social and business identities in general, but for the purpose of encryption, the problem can be simplified to checking of the host name (it's effectively an out of band async check that the destination you're talking to is the same destination that independent checks saw, so you know your connection hasn't been intercepted).

You can't have effective TLS encryption without verifying some identity, because you're encrypting data with a key that you negotiate with the recipient on the other end of the connection. If someone inserts themselves into the connection during key exchange, they will get the decryption key (key exchange is cleverly done that a passive eavesdropper can't get the key, but it can't protect against an active eavesdropper — other than by verifying the active participant is "trusted" in a cryptographic sense, not in a social sense).
by ekr____ | 2025-04-16 17:52:29+00:00
The situation is actually somewhat more complicated than this.

ECH gets the key from the DNS, and there's no real authentication for this data (DNSSEC is rare and is not checked by the browser). See S 10.2 [0] for why this is reasonable.

[0] https://tlswg.org/draft-ietf-tls-esni/draft-ietf-tls-esni.ht...
by enragedcacti | 2025-04-16 17:53:05+00:00
Heat and hotness don't mean the same thing in this context [1]. It doesn't help that the article seems to use heat (energy) and heat (temperature) interchangeably, but the principles of backside power delivery exacerbating hot spots and increasing peak temperatures will apply regardless of wattage or efficiency. A hypothetical (poorly designed) future M-series chip with bspdn could actually emit less heat specifically because the hotspots get hotter faster and cause throttling sooner.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat#Heat_vs._temperature
by toomuchtodo | 2025-04-16 17:53:21+00:00
Hiding is fine, but flagging I argue is not, as you're controlling what others see vs just yourself (I only flag egregious or spam content, for example, and would vouch comments that violently disagree with me if I could). Certainly, focus on the content that interests you, that is why we are all here, but these are material political and human rights issues to many, and the posts are likely to continue until this administration changes over (or operates in a way that is perhaps not so newsworthy). I hope this subthread has been helpful, and if not, my apologies for the cycle consumption.

Perhaps a call for an LLM labeler to categorize posts to enable auto hiding by topic or interest with a browser extension or authenticated against your HN account. Shiny tech for some, human systems for others (with some overlap of course). I won't say we can all get along, but I will say I believe we can share the same firehose in a reasonable manner and self sort accordingly.
by johnvanommen | 2025-04-16 17:53:37+00:00
> Every story I hear about Atari is wild. Hard to believe they managed to have the success they did.

It was a different era.

I worked in a mall arcade in the early 90s, and because we purchased arcade games, I had access to the trade shows and various promotional events. For instance, E3 invited me to come out for their first event.

The size of the teams in the early 90s was TINY; I met the dudes who made Mortal Kombat at the AMOA convention, and the entire team was less than ten people. The main programmer had so little experience, he was largely known for doing the voice of "Rudy" in the pinball game "Funhouse."

Basically, the tech community was tiny and the gaming community was a tiny subdomain of the tech community.

Atari's big innovation may have simply been that it was founded in the right location (Silicon Valley.) If it wasn't for that, Steve Jobs wouldn't have worked at Atari. (And Wozniak wouldn't have moonlighted at Atari.)

https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/steve-jobs-atari-empl...

I'm doing this from memory, but IIRC:

Atari was the only major gaming company based out of Silicon Valley

A lot of the games of the time were basically just Japanese games that were licensed by US distributors. Pac Man came from Namco in Japan and was distributed in the US by Chicago's Midway, Space Invaders was made by Taito in Japan and licensed in the US. (Also by Midway, IIRC.) "Defender" was one of the first 'homegrown' games in the US that wasn't coming out of Atari in Silicon Valley. (Defender was made by Eugene Jarvis in Chicago for Williams, who later merged with Midway.)

Although Nintendo was NOT based in Silicon Valley, they had the dumb luck of locating just up the hill from Microsoft. If you've seen "King of Kong," the dude from the documentary basically lives halfway between Microsoft in Redmond and Nintendo in Snoqualmie: https://nintendo.fandom.com/wiki/Nintendo_North_Bend

Sega WAS based in Silicon Valley, but their slow decline was arguably due to a political tug-of-war between Sega of America (based in Silicon Valley) and Sega (based in Japan.)
by ShakataGaNai | 2025-04-16 17:53:38+00:00
Because there are lots of companies, large and small, which haven't gotten that far. Lots of legacy sites/services/applications.

I don't disagree with you that it should be super common. But it's surprisingly not in many businesses. Heck, Okta (nominally a large security company) still sends out notifications every time they change certificates and publishes a copy of their current correct certs in github: https://github.com/okta/okta-pki - How they do the actual rotation? No idea, but... I'd guess it's not automatic with that level of manual notification/involvement. (Happy to be proven wrong though).
by zelon88 | 2025-04-16 17:53:50+00:00
> Best to find a way to reliably maintain internal peace and health right now. Things are unlikely to stabilize soon, without a miracle. Or eventually bounce back. But that could take a long time. And this could just be the preamble for much worse disasters. Gulp.

This is woefully ignorant of the fact that some people will be thrown into an El Salvadorian prison, killed, disappeared, threatened, lose civil liberties, lose human rights, ect.

Must be nice to just put on some headphones and wait for it to all blow over. Unfortunately for many immigrants, LGBTQ members, activists, union members, government workers don't have that luxury. The news you're ignoring are their lives being shattered.
by 2mlWQbCK | 2025-04-16 17:54:02+00:00
You can have TLS with TOFU, like in the Gemini protocol. At least then, in theory, the MTIM has to happen the first time you connect to a site. There is also the possibility for out of band confirmation of some certificate's fingerprint if you want to be really sure that some Gemini server is the one you hope it is.
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-04-16 17:54:21+00:00
You’re free to that opinion. I’m just pointing out it’s wrong. (A flat Earther may similarly claim they’ll “believe it when they see it.”)

The administration hasn’t defied SCOTUS, because SCOTUS didn’t order anything. People lying about what a court says while following its orders to the letter is pretty common.

The fun will start when those found in contempt are then pardoned.
by NoImmatureAdHom | 2025-04-16 17:54:31+00:00
Here's a database of cancellations, searching for the word "fired": https://www.thecollegefix.com/cancel-culture-database/?gv_se...

Obviously other words like "terminated" may be appropriate too. Of course, most situations like this don't come to firing--like with Carole, the bureaucracy simply takes away everything you love and makes it clear you will never advance. It's much simpler when people "choose" to leave.