MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by Braxton1980 | 2025-04-15 09:20:16+00:00
>Instead they flatly refused everything

No, they had issues with some of the demands and wanted to open a dialog.

Harvard's response says they changed policies to protect Jewish students, made other changes to related to the protests, etc.

It also states

"It is unfortunate, then, that your letter disregards Harvard’s efforts and instead presents demands that, in contravention of the First Amendment, invade university freedoms ..."

#----------------------------- Finally they said:

"Harvard remains open to dialogue about what the university has done, and is planning to do, to improve the experience of every member of its community. But Harvard is not prepared to agree to demands that go beyond the lawful authority of this or any administration. "
by kgwgk | 2025-04-15 09:20:21+00:00
> Entropy can't be a measure of uncertainty

Gibbs’ entropy is derived from “the probability that an unspecified system of the ensemble (i.e. one of which we only know that it belongs to the ensemble) will lie within the given limits” in phase space. That’s the “coefficient of probability” of the phase, its logarithm is the “index of probability” of the phase, the average of that is the entropy.

Of course the probability distribution corresponds to the uncertainty. That’s why the entropy is defined from the probability distribution.

Your claim sounds like saying that the area of a polygon cannot be a measure of its extension because the extension is given by the shape and calculating the area doesn’t tell us anything new.
by arghwhat | 2025-04-15 09:21:16+00:00
This comments on why bittorrent as is isn't used for live streaming, not why P2P shouldn't be used for live streaming

> Latency matters. In bit torrent if the peer goes away, no big deal, just try again in 5 minutes with another peer, you are downloading in random order, who cares if one piecs is delayed 5 minutes. In a live stream your app is broken if it cuts out for 5 minutes.

First of all, BitTorrent clients do not download in random order or wait 5 minutes. They usually download the rarest block first, but can do whatever they want, whenever they want.

Second, standard HLS sets a nominal segment size of 6 seconds (some implementations will go as high as 10 seconds), and a client will usually cache multiple segments before playing (e.g., 3). This mean that you have 18 seconds before a segment becomes critical.

This is not a difficult thing for a P2P network to handle. You'd adapt things to introduce timing information and manage number of hops, but each client can maintain a connection to a number of other clients and have sufficient capacity to fill a segment if a connection fails. Various strategies could be used to distribute load while avoiding latency penalties.

Low-latency HLS uses much smaller segments and would be more demanding, but isn't impossible to manage.

> BitTorrent punishes people who dont contribute

Private communities punish this behavior, BitTorrent clients do not. Most new downloads will appear as freeriders for a long time, and only over long periods far exceeding the download time will enough compatible seeding opportunities arise for them to contribute in any substantial way.

The network does not need everyone to seed, it only needs enough people to seed.
by jxjnskkzxxhx | 2025-04-15 09:21:29+00:00
Hmmm I don't think that's how it works. If you're trying to estimate the ratio of the volume between A and B and B is contained in A, and you randomly sample from A, the probability that the sample also belongs to B is smaller the smaller the B/A ratio, yes that's the point of the methodology. It's not less "efficient", every single data point contributes to the estimate the same way.

If the ratio B/A is 1/1 and you sample 1M times, 100k of the samples will also be contained in B. Are you saying that the other 900k somehow go unused?!

If the ratio B/A is 1/100, and you sample the same number of times, only 10k of the samples will be contained in B. Are you saying that's less "efficient"? You need both the numerator and the denominator!

What is the ratio B/A is 1/100 and you'd say that the methodology is very inefficient here, and I tell you that actually we're estimating the ratio A/B. Does it become very efficient? Surely it can't change as the two ratios arent independent.

No, I think your comment misses the point (or I missed the point of your comment).
by pndy | 2025-04-15 09:23:06+00:00
Speaking of, anyone else has encountered issues while browsing temu? I'm facing captcha's most of the time. I mean the "slide to move piece into a position" which most of the times fails, after which I'm facing a more "difficult" pick object of color repeated etc. The site also after a while of browsing not logged in pushes me into login page. So I wonder if it's my browser and various adblocking extensions or it's a common thing?
by alexkorotkykh | 2025-04-15 09:24:05+00:00
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by sublimefire | 2025-04-15 09:24:45+00:00
You need to understand how government buys software. Nobody prevents any company to propose the smallest possible price by utilizing OSS. Yet this is not happening because all of those pushing the idea do not really do anything and actually help their governments locally.

Another important factor is that gov workers rarely have enough skills to run OSS software, they are understaffed. And, it is difficult to integrate OSS with the existing systems.

Finally there is a question about responsibility and control. If you get a 0-day in OSS, who will patch it and who has the rights to push that patch? It is about managing risks.
by tialaramex | 2025-04-15 09:25:24+00:00
That's one of my favourite hints in Outer Wilds. You will see a Supernova. Not with a fancy telescope, it's visible to the naked eye, and if you watch the sky you'll see another soon enough. You can see this right at the start, and unlike the random direction of the probe launch you don't need any game lore to, if you're smart enough, put two and two together.
by throwaway2037 | 2025-04-15 09:26:55+00:00
I would counter this by offering: Long Island Railroad, MetroNorth, New Jersey Transit, MBTA Commuter Rail, Bay Area Rapid Transit, and Caltrain. (Sorry, I don't know about the Chicago system.) All of these are very good commuter rail systems that mostly own all of their track or have primary right-of-way, so undelayed by cargo trains.
by yieldcrv | 2025-04-15 09:27:04+00:00
> For three-quarters of a century, the federal government has awarded grants and contracts to Harvard and other universities

yep. stop doing that. your university is nearly half a millennium old, and everything from the last century will be a footnote. you are a networking ground for upper class society, not an upwards mobility machine for the plebians. just go back to your roots and you won't have any of these issues.

> These partnerships are among the most productive and beneficial in American history.

privately fund it now that its a proven method. this obviously won't be controversial in the future. if its economically impossible then it won't happen, the end.
by otabdeveloper4 | 2025-04-15 09:27:05+00:00
> We don't even know if this "general" Chatbot paradigm will persist

It won't. These startups are selling the sci-fi robot assistant dream; think Tony Stark or Captain Picard or whatever. Once the novelty wears off nobody is going to pay big bucks for what is essentially just childhood nostalgia.

For everything else you'd want hyperspecialized language manipulation tools.
by illo | 2025-04-15 09:28:16+00:00
Standard ML program. I fear it does not contribute much to the conversation but I cannot abstain from calling attention to my favourite pragmatic programming language that is presently on what seems to be a neverending life support.

structure I = Int structure S = String structure SU = Substring structure SC = StringCvt infix 5 >> fun (x >> y) f = if x = y then () else (f x; ((x + 1) >> y) f) val printRow = let val p0 = SC.padLeft #"0" val ps = SC.padLeft #" " val td = I.fmt SC.DEC val tx = I.fmt SC.HEX val to = I.fmt SC.OCT val tb = I.fmt SC.BIN val desc = fn 0 => "NUL" | 1 => "SOH" | 2 => "STX" | 3 => "ETX" | 4 => "EOT" | 5 => "ENQ" | 6 => "ACK" | 7 => "BEL" | 8 => "BS" | 9 => "HT" | 10 => "LF" | 11 => "VT" | 12 => "FF" | 13 => "CR" | 14 => "SO" | 15 => "SI" | 16 => "DLE" | 17 => "DC1" | 18 => "DC2" | 19 => "DC3" | 20 => "DC4" | 21 => "NAK" | 22 => "SYN" | 23 => "ETB" | 24 => "CAN" | 25 => "EM" | 26 => "SUB" | 27 => "ESC" | 28 => "FS" | 29 => "GS" | 30 => "RS" | 31 => "US" | 32 => "SPC" | 127 => "DEL" | n => str (chr n) in fn n => print (S.concatWith " " [ps 3 (td n), p0 2 (tx n), p0 7 (tb n), p0 3 (to n), desc n] ^ "\n") end val spec = let val scan = fn rad => fn sl => SC.scanString (I.scan rad) (implode sl) in fn str => valOf (case explode str of #"0" :: #"x" :: hex => scan SC.HEX hex | #"0" :: #"o" :: oct => scan SC.OCT oct | #"0" :: #"b" :: bin => scan SC.BIN bin | dec => scan SC.DEC dec) end val () = case CommandLine.arguments () of [] => (0 >> 128) printRow | [req] => printRow (spec req) | _ => raise Fail "arguments"
by init2null | 2025-04-15 09:28:43+00:00
You can back up iOS or iPadOS to a directory using PC or Mac (edit: 3rd-party apps like iMazing work especially well for this). For some reason the backup stores as hundreds of files strewn through hundreds of directories, but it does work. But since a wiped phone could be deemed suspicious, I'd suggest that you get the clean install personalized and usable.
by Cyphase | 2025-04-15 09:28:48+00:00
This reminds me of this quote from Jill Tarter of SETI, specifically the last sentence:

“Might it be the discovery of a distant civilization and our common cosmic origins that finally drives home the message of the bond among all humans? Whether we’re born in San Francisco or Sudan or close to the heart of the Milky Way Galaxy, we are the products of a billion-year lineage of wandering stardust. We, all of us, are what happens when a primordial mixture of hydrogen and helium evolves for so long that it begins to ask where it came from.”

source: https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_tarter_join_the_seti_search (@ 3:02)
by DrScientist | 2025-04-15 09:29:14+00:00
> “I didn’t mean to imply that we’d be buying them to prevent them from competing with us in any way,”

Isn't what matters in the end is whether there is still an effective market left as a result?

It seems that Mark himself is arguing that by the nature of the network effects of social media, first movers have a natural monopoly advantage that's hard to break.

The regulators should be focusing on that - ie enforcing rules which limit the monopoly advantage due to network effects.

Take the telecomms space - if somebody got first mover on a phone system and it wasn't interoperable with any others - then once established they would have a monopoly. The way you break that is to force interoperability - not allow companies to use access to the network as a competition barrier.

An example in the Meta space - as far as I can tell it was not possible for me to send a message to somebody in Whatsapp without going via whatsapp - ie there is no network access from a different app.

This appears to be exactly what the EU is focussed on - enforcing interop.

https://engineering.fb.com/2024/03/06/security/whatsapp-mess... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Markets_Act
by pjmlp | 2025-04-15 09:29:18+00:00
It will certainly be implemented in a meaningful way, if the consequences for the mining guy are hard enough that there won't be a second failure done by the same person.

Hence why I am so into cybersecurity laws, and if this is the only way to make C and C++ communities embrace a safety culture, instead of downplaying it as straitjacket programming like in the C vs Pascal/Modula-2 Usenet discussion days, then so be it.
by notpushkin | 2025-04-15 09:29:30+00:00
Ever so slightly easier to read (IMO) if you inline arguments:

def hotp(key: bytes, counter: int, digits: int = 6, digest: Literal["sha1", "sha256", "sha512"] = "sha1"): mac = hmac.digest( key=base64.b32decode(key.upper() + "=" * ((8 - len(key)) % 8)), msg=struct.pack(">Q", counter), digest=digest, ) offset = mac[-1] & 0x0F binary: int = struct.unpack(">L", mac[offset : offset + 4])[0] & 0x7FFFFFFF return str(binary)[-digits:].zfill(digits)

And Pyright doesn’t yell at this version because no type-changing variables here: https://basedpyright.com/?typeCheckingMode=all&code=JYWwDg9g...

---

This is actually really helpful. I’m using Pass [1], which requires oathtool for OTP support [2]. I’m currently on a Mac without admin rights (so no Homebrew for me), and compiling oathtool is a PITA. I’ve wanted to put together a pure Python replacement for a while now, but with this it can be a single-file script: https://gist.github.com/notpushkin/7ac32ddf35a0c73bc6f181a1b...

[1]: https://www.passwordstore.org/

[2]: https://github.com/tadfisher/pass-otp#requirements
by intended | 2025-04-15 09:29:34+00:00
Or you could find illegal conduct for congress people, have them sued in criminal courts, and then hold elections to elect people (republican or democrat) who will make congress function as it is meant to.

Perhaps someone can provide security services to republican congress people who are threatened with violence if they dont toe the line, so that they are safe enough to stand up to trump. (This is an actual reason given for their cowardice)
by eveningsteps | 2025-04-15 09:29:50+00:00
In my opinion, yes. Echoing the sibling comment, having a large amount of distributed skin lesions, or any joint pain at all makes one reconsider their options. Surface-level treatments might be very uncomfortable to apply and wear and provide only temporary and unstable relief, as well as UV sessions. Unless you live by the seaside or would like to go there several times a year to keep the skin clean, it's infeasible as a long-term solution. On the other hand, the quality of life improves immensely with injections - the symptoms _just_ disappear, which no diet, or lifestyle change, or application, or alternative medicine, or other supportive care can achieve in the majority of patients.

It goes without saying that your situation may be different, but most people I know opt for them meds, choosing Bimzelx, or a similar treatment (Taltz (ixekizumab) or Skyrizi (risankizumab)). The only downside is the cost, but it may be very well possible to wring it out of your insurance, especially in Europe.
by FranzFerdiNaN | 2025-04-15 09:30:17+00:00
> Humans are omnivores. I am unapologetic about obeying biological imperatives to eat other animals.

This is akin to saying ''humans are violent, so i am unapologetic about obeying biological imperatives to commit violence''.

So just be honest: you WANT to eat meat because you like it, consequences be damned.

And of course if you truly want to feed as many humans as possible the only solution is vegetarianism or even veganism. Meat is just way too wasteful to be a decent solution.
by refurb | 2025-04-15 09:31:16+00:00
This misses a lot of nuance.

Vietnam’s independence took a back seat after WW2 for the US because France made regaining its colony contingent upon playing along with NATO. France floated the idea of aligning with the USSR to scare its Western allies. So for the US it decided Europe was the more important sphere.

The US’s main strategy with the communism was one of containment - see George Kennan’s Security Council memo.

Why containment? Because the USSR was exporting revolution. The US could take the stance of doing nothing, but then the USSR would have free rein. And it wasn’t a matter of “let the people in those countries go communist if they want to”, because with USSR support a minority of people could impose communism on a population that wasn’t interested in it. Hence containment - just slow or stop other countries from going communist by matching what the USSR was doing - bankrolling and training political groups in those countries.

So doing nothing with Vietnam and letting France regain their colony aligned with containing further expansion of communist in South East Asia. If Vietnam went back to a French colony, then communism wouldn’t take hold (or it would at least be difficult for it).
by myrmidon | 2025-04-15 09:31:34+00:00
> This obviates all human labor that can be done on a PC

Sure, this is massive for the actual people doing such things right now (designers, programmers, callcenter employees) because their work becomes almost worthless, and the impacted sector of our economy is pretty large.

You can not hope to earn what a human used to get for the same work however, because that is not how markets work (and this should be very obvious on second though, for examples just consider how ChatGPT is not priced like a human personal assistent/concierge service, or how agriculture went from a "half the economy" status pre-industrialization to a reluctantly subsidised, barely profitable economical footnote nowadays).

So AI is not "winning" capitalism-- because the piece of the economic pie that you can hope to get is not the size of the "human-in-front-of-screen" sector-- you are basically just gonna compete to provide computing services, just like AWS or OpenAI today (which certainly can be profitable, but not really in a capitalism-shattering way).

Don't get me wrong-- I'm not saying that a human-level AI would not be an immensely impactful achievement with far reaching implications, but I think you are largely overestimating the expected economical gain for the "inventor".
by inglor_cz | 2025-04-15 09:31:53+00:00
"That might actually put a dent in the trillions of dollars this congress is about to add to the national debt."

It might also result in even more spending. I don't think that there is any "natural ceiling" when it comes to willingness of politicians to spend other people's money. The only ceiling is external - how much will the system bear.
by anon6362 | 2025-04-15 09:31:58+00:00
It's based on this incident. [0]

Contrary to some aviation experts on YT, mast bumping and catastrophic mast separation in the 206 is possible with debris in the oil restrictor to the freewheeling unit.

0. https://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/2011/a11...

In relation to the https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/268724

and

https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/495847
by AndrejXY | 2025-04-15 09:34:20+00:00
This update wasn't really "unexpected", as there have been patches and updates for AmigaOS 3.x from various sources (not just Hyperion Entertainment) every few years.

Hyperion is operating while insolvent and has failed to file nine years' worth of accounts (2009-2014 and 2022-2024). Yet - perhaps because of that - they still found the resources to sue Amiga in 2018 in an attempt to seize its assets (https://x.com/amigadocuments/status/1897157746019196951).

The developers behind AmigaOS 3.2.3 are working for free, while Hyperion simply slaps its name on the box and the proceeds are being funneled into the lawsuit against Amiga.

For anyone who actually cares about the platform, it's as disheartening as it is infuriating.
by flanked-evergl | 2025-04-15 09:36:35+00:00
Not sure what the point of this article, it seems to focus on confusion which could be cleared up with a simple visit to wikipedia.

> But I have no idea what entropy is, and from what I find, neither do most other people.

The article does not go on to explain what entropy is, it just tries to explain away some hypothetical claims about entropy which as far as we can tell do hold, and does not explain why, if they were wrong, they do in fact hold.
by gizmo | 2025-04-15 09:36:42+00:00
Am I reading this wrong or does this almost open up any server bound to localhost to the outside?

I think proxy_pass will forward traffic even when the root and try_files directives fail because the junction/symlink don't exist? And "listen 80" binds on all interfaces doesn't it, not just on localhost?

Is this clever? Sure. But this is also the thing you forget about in 6 months and then when you install any app that has a localhost web management interface (like syncthing) you've accidentally exposed your entire computer including your ssh keys to the internet.
by GaryNumanVevo | 2025-04-15 09:37:40+00:00
He's a guy who ran a PR firm, he has no technical background or experience. He specifically stopped covering crypto because AI "generated more clicks". He only covers OpenAI because it's the one with the biggest brand recognition. He doesn't know anything about the underlying technology. His entire thesis that a single hyped company, that has no moat by the way, is some kind of single point of failure for the entire tech sector.
by robocat | 2025-04-15 09:37:46+00:00
> create so much pollution and waste in the process

Your environmental footprint depends on your income and your country.

Everything bought is environmentally unfriendly in proportion to the cost.

The only exception is something where the only purpose is to be environmentally good (maybe planting some trees, maybe something that reduces energy usage).

Complaining about specific things being bad is almost pointless.
by dkersten | 2025-04-15 09:38:12+00:00
What’s wrong with it taking a billion of our years to tick? Just because we, smaller than microscopic beings compared to the size of the larger structures we observe, find it to be a vastly long time, doesn’t mean that it’s a long time for something the size of the observable universe.

For a single bacteria cell, our timeframes must seem immense too.

I’m not saying it’s particularly likely, but it’s a trap to think that just because you can’t fathom the scales that makes it impossible. The universe is huge and very very old. It can afford to wait what is a long time to us for something to happen.

I do think you’re likely right in practice though, and that it is too long for the universe to be an organism. But who knows. We already know that mathematically speaking the heat death of the universe looks identical to a very zoomed in big bang, maybe we just need to zoom out a few billion orders of magnitude to see the big picture, where the vast distances and time scales we see appear as little more than micrometers and microseconds apart…
by philjohn | 2025-04-15 09:38:33+00:00
Amazon is just not a good place to go, you're going to be buying something very low cost that someone is drop-shipping as a way to maximise their profit, not provide a good product.

You need to know the brands to buy (Trace Velo, Peak Torque and China Cycling helps here) and buy directly from their Ali Express store, or from their website.

Amazon is only if you need a cheap bike maintenance tool within a couple of days that you're happy only using a few times before you have to throw it out. Not for components.
by andy99 | 2025-04-15 09:38:58+00:00
No, it's a horrible use, relying on something entirely unreliable to make medical diagnoses. All the AI safety people who pretend to worry about killer robots or whatever should actually be up in arms about these kind of uses, but you can see where actual priorities lie.

The best use of AI in medicine would be to automate away administrative bloat to let people get proper medical care.