Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Nor can the effect of
the bison's presence upon the general development of the great West ever
be calculated.

Output:
It has sunk into the great sum total of our progress, and
well nigh lost to sight forever.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It has sunk into the great sum total of our progress, and
well nigh lost to sight forever.

Output:
As a mere suggestion of the immense value of "the buffalo product" at
the time when it had an existence, I have obtained from two of our
leading fur houses in New York City, with branches elsewhere, a detailed
statement of their business in buffalo robes and hides during the last
few years of the trade.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As a mere suggestion of the immense value of "the buffalo product" at
the time when it had an existence, I have obtained from two of our
leading fur houses in New York City, with branches elsewhere, a detailed
statement of their business in buffalo robes and hides during the last
few years of the trade.

Output:
They not only serve to show the great value of
the share of the annual crop that passed through their hands, but that
of Messrs. J. & A. Boskowitz is of especial value, because, being
carefully itemized throughout, it shows the decline and final failure of
the trade in exact figures.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
They not only serve to show the great value of
the share of the annual crop that passed through their hands, but that
of Messrs. J. & A. Boskowitz is of especial value, because, being
carefully itemized throughout, it shows the decline and final failure of
the trade in exact figures.

Output:
I am under many obligations to both these
firms for their kindness in furnishing the facts I desired, and
especially to the Messrs. Boskowitz, who devoted considerable time and
labor to the careful compilation of the annexed statement of their
business in buffalo skins.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
I am under many obligations to both these
firms for their kindness in furnishing the facts I desired, and
especially to the Messrs. Boskowitz, who devoted considerable time and
labor to the careful compilation of the annexed statement of their
business in buffalo skins.

Output: _


Instruction: continue the text below

Output:
Memorandum of buffalo robes and hides bought by Messrs J. & A.
Boskowitz, 101-105 Greene Street, New York, and 202 Lake street,
Chicago, from 1876 to 1884.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Memorandum of buffalo robes and hides bought by Messrs J. & A.
Boskowitz, 101-105 Greene Street, New York, and 202 Lake street,
Chicago, from 1876 to 1884.

Output: _


Instruction: continue the text below

Output:
+----------------------------------------+
|Year | Buffalo robes.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
+----------------------------------------+
|Year | Buffalo robes.

Output: | Buffalo hides.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: | Buffalo hides.

Output:
|
|     |Number.| Cost.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
|
|     |Number.| Cost.

Output: | Number.|Cost.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: | Number.|Cost.

Output:
|
+-----+-------+---------+--------+-------+
|1876 | 31,838|  $39,620|   None.|   ...


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
|
+-----+-------+---------+--------+-------+
|1876 | 31,838|  $39,620|   None.|   ...

Output:
|
|1877 |  9,353|   35,560|   None.|   ...


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
|
|1877 |  9,353|   35,560|   None.|   ...

Output:
|
|1878 | 41,268|  150,600|   None.|   ...


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
|
|1878 | 41,268|  150,600|   None.|   ...

Output:
|
|1879 | 28,613|  110,420|   None.|   ...


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
|
|1879 | 28,613|  110,420|   None.|   ...

Output:
|
|1880 | 34,901|  176,200|   4,570|$13,140|
|1881 | 23,355|  151,800|  26,601| 89,030|
|1882 |  2,124|   15,600|  15,464| 44,140|
|1883 |


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
|
|1880 | 34,901|  176,200|   4,570|$13,140|
|1881 | 23,355|  151,800|  26,601| 89,030|
|1882 |  2,124|   15,600|  15,464| 44,140|
|1883 |

Output:
6,690|   29,770|  21,869| 67,190|
|1884 |  None.|      ...|     529|  1,720|
+-----+-------+---------+--------+-------+
|Total|177,142|$709,570 |  69,033|215,220|
+----------------------------------------+


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
6,690|   29,770|  21,869| 67,190|
|1884 |  None.|      ...|     529|  1,720|
+-----+-------+---------+--------+-------+
|Total|177,142|$709,570 |  69,033|215,220|
+----------------------------------------+

Output:
Total number of buffalo skins handled in nine years, 246,175; total
cost, $924,790.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Total number of buffalo skins handled in nine years, 246,175; total
cost, $924,790.

Output:
I have also been favored with some very interesting facts and figures
regarding the business done in buffalo skins by the firm of Mr. Joseph
Ullman, exporter and importer of furs and robes, of 165-107 Mercer
street, New York, and also 353 Jackson street, St. Paul, Minnesota.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
I have also been favored with some very interesting facts and figures
regarding the business done in buffalo skins by the firm of Mr. Joseph
Ullman, exporter and importer of furs and robes, of 165-107 Mercer
street, New York, and also 353 Jackson street, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Output:
The
following letter was written me by Mr. Joseph Ullman on November 12,
1887, for which I am greatly indebted:

"Inasmuch as you particularly desire the figures for the years 1880-'86,
I have gone through my buffalo robe and hide accounts of those years,
and herewith give you approximate figures, as there are a good many
things to be considered which make it difficult to give exact figures.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The
following letter was written me by Mr. Joseph Ullman on November 12,
1887, for which I am greatly indebted:

"Inasmuch as you particularly desire the figures for the years 1880-'86,
I have gone through my buffalo robe and hide accounts of those years,
and herewith give you approximate figures, as there are a good many
things to be considered which make it difficult to give exact figures.

Output:
"In 1881 we handled about 14,000 hides, average cost about $3.50, and
12,000 robes, average cost about $7.50.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"In 1881 we handled about 14,000 hides, average cost about $3.50, and
12,000 robes, average cost about $7.50.

Output:
"In 1882 we purchased between 35,000 and 40,000 hides, at an average
cost of about $3.50, and about 10,000 robes, at an average cost of about
$8.50.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"In 1882 we purchased between 35,000 and 40,000 hides, at an average
cost of about $3.50, and about 10,000 robes, at an average cost of about
$8.50.

Output:
"In 1883 we purchased from 6,000 to 7,000 hides and about 1,500 to 2,000
robes at a slight advance in price against the year previous.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"In 1883 we purchased from 6,000 to 7,000 hides and about 1,500 to 2,000
robes at a slight advance in price against the year previous.

Output:
"In 1884 we purchased less than 2,500 hides, and in my opinion these
were such as were carried over from the previous season in the
Northwest, and were not fresh-slaughtered skins.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"In 1884 we purchased less than 2,500 hides, and in my opinion these
were such as were carried over from the previous season in the
Northwest, and were not fresh-slaughtered skins.

Output:
The collection of robes
this season was also comparatively small, and nominally robes carried
over from 1883.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The collection of robes
this season was also comparatively small, and nominally robes carried
over from 1883.

Output: "In 1885 the collection of hides amounted to little or nothing.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: "In 1885 the collection of hides amounted to little or nothing.

Output:
"The aforesaid goods were all purchased direct in the Northwest, that is
to say, principally in Montana, and shipped in care of our branch house
at St. Paul, Minnesota, to Joseph Ullman, Chicago.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"The aforesaid goods were all purchased direct in the Northwest, that is
to say, principally in Montana, and shipped in care of our branch house
at St. Paul, Minnesota, to Joseph Ullman, Chicago.

Output:
The robes mentioned
above were Indian-tanned robes and were mainly disposed of to the
jobbing trade both East and West.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The robes mentioned
above were Indian-tanned robes and were mainly disposed of to the
jobbing trade both East and West.

Output:
"In 1881 and the years prior, the hides were divided into two kinds,
viz, robe hides, which were such as had a good crop of fur and were
serviceable for robe purposes, and the heavy and short-furred bull
hides.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"In 1881 and the years prior, the hides were divided into two kinds,
viz, robe hides, which were such as had a good crop of fur and were
serviceable for robe purposes, and the heavy and short-furred bull
hides.

Output:
The former were principally sold to the John S. Way Manufacturing
Company, Bridgeport, Connecticut, and to numerous small robe tanners,
while the latter were sold for leather purposes to various hide-tanners
throughout the United States and Canada, and brought 51/2 to 81/2 cents per
pound.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The former were principally sold to the John S. Way Manufacturing
Company, Bridgeport, Connecticut, and to numerous small robe tanners,
while the latter were sold for leather purposes to various hide-tanners
throughout the United States and Canada, and brought 51/2 to 81/2 cents per
pound.

Output:
A very large proportion of these latter were tanned by the Wilcox
Tanning Company, Wilcox, Pennsylvania.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A very large proportion of these latter were tanned by the Wilcox
Tanning Company, Wilcox, Pennsylvania.

Output:
"About the fall of 1882 we established a tannery for buffalo robes in
Chicago, and from that time forth we tanned all the good hides which we
received into robes and disposed of them in the same manner as the
Indian-tanned robes.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"About the fall of 1882 we established a tannery for buffalo robes in
Chicago, and from that time forth we tanned all the good hides which we
received into robes and disposed of them in the same manner as the
Indian-tanned robes.

Output:
"I don't know that I am called upon to express an opinion as to the
benefit or disadvantage of the extermination of the buffalo, but
nevertheless take the liberty to say that I think that some proper law
restricting the unpardonable slaughter of the buffalo should have been
enacted at the time.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"I don't know that I am called upon to express an opinion as to the
benefit or disadvantage of the extermination of the buffalo, but
nevertheless take the liberty to say that I think that some proper law
restricting the unpardonable slaughter of the buffalo should have been
enacted at the time.

Output:
It is a well-known fact that soon after the
Northern Pacific Railroad opened up that portion of the country, thereby
making the transportation of the buffalo hides feasible, that is to say,
reducing the cost of freight, thousands upon thousands of buffaloes were
killed for the sake of the hide alone, while the carcasses were left to
rot on the open plains.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is a well-known fact that soon after the
Northern Pacific Railroad opened up that portion of the country, thereby
making the transportation of the buffalo hides feasible, that is to say,
reducing the cost of freight, thousands upon thousands of buffaloes were
killed for the sake of the hide alone, while the carcasses were left to
rot on the open plains.

Output:
"The average prices paid the buffalo hunters [from 1880 to 1884] was
about as follows: For cow hides [robes!], $3; bull hides, $2.50;
yearlings, $1.50; calves, 75 cents; and the cost of getting the hides to
market brought the cost up to about $3.50 per hide.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"The average prices paid the buffalo hunters [from 1880 to 1884] was
about as follows: For cow hides [robes!], $3; bull hides, $2.50;
yearlings, $1.50; calves, 75 cents; and the cost of getting the hides to
market brought the cost up to about $3.50 per hide.

Output:
"

The amount actually paid out by Joseph Ullman, in four years, for
buffalo robes and hides was about $310,000, and this, too, long after
the great southern herd had ceased to exist, and when the northern herd
furnished the sole supply.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"

The amount actually paid out by Joseph Ullman, in four years, for
buffalo robes and hides was about $310,000, and this, too, long after
the great southern herd had ceased to exist, and when the northern herd
furnished the sole supply.

Output:
It thus appears that during the course of
eight years business (leaving out the small sum paid out in 1884), on
the part of the Messrs. Boskowitz, and four years on that of Mr. Joseph
Ullman, these two firms alone paid out the enormous sum of $1,233,070
for buffalo robes and hides which they purchased to sell again at a good
profit.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It thus appears that during the course of
eight years business (leaving out the small sum paid out in 1884), on
the part of the Messrs. Boskowitz, and four years on that of Mr. Joseph
Ullman, these two firms alone paid out the enormous sum of $1,233,070
for buffalo robes and hides which they purchased to sell again at a good
profit.

Output:
By the time their share of the buffalo product reached the
consumers it must have represented an actual money value of about
$2,000,000.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
By the time their share of the buffalo product reached the
consumers it must have represented an actual money value of about
$2,000,000.

Output:
Besides these two firms there were at that time many others who also
handled great quantities of buffalo skins and hides for which they paid
out immense sums of money.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Besides these two firms there were at that time many others who also
handled great quantities of buffalo skins and hides for which they paid
out immense sums of money.

Output:
In this country the other leading firms
engaged in this business were I. G. Baker & Co., of Fort Benton; P. B.
Weare & Co., Chicago; Obern, Hoosick & Co., Chicago and Saint Paul;
Martin Bates & Co., and Messrs. Shearer, Nichols & Co.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In this country the other leading firms
engaged in this business were I. G. Baker & Co., of Fort Benton; P. B.
Weare & Co., Chicago; Obern, Hoosick & Co., Chicago and Saint Paul;
Martin Bates & Co., and Messrs. Shearer, Nichols & Co.

Output:
(now Hurlburt,
Shearer & Sanford), of New York.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
(now Hurlburt,
Shearer & Sanford), of New York.

Output:
There were also many others whose names
I am now unable to recall.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
There were also many others whose names
I am now unable to recall.

Output:
In the British Possessions and Canada the frontier business was largely
monopolized by the Hudson's Bay Fur Company, although the annual
"output" of robes and hides was but small in comparison with that
gathered in the United States, where the herds were far more numerous.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In the British Possessions and Canada the frontier business was largely
monopolized by the Hudson's Bay Fur Company, although the annual
"output" of robes and hides was but small in comparison with that
gathered in the United States, where the herds were far more numerous.

Output:
Even in their most fruitful locality for robes--the country south of the
Saskatchewan--this company had a very powerful competitor in the firm of
I. G. Baker & Co., of Fort Benton, which secured the lion's share of the
spoil and sent it down the Missouri River.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Even in their most fruitful locality for robes--the country south of the
Saskatchewan--this company had a very powerful competitor in the firm of
I. G. Baker & Co., of Fort Benton, which secured the lion's share of the
spoil and sent it down the Missouri River.

Output:
It is quite certain that the utilization of the buffalo product, even so
far as it was accomplished, resulted in the addition of several millions
of dollars to the wealth of the people of the United States.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is quite certain that the utilization of the buffalo product, even so
far as it was accomplished, resulted in the addition of several millions
of dollars to the wealth of the people of the United States.

Output:
That the
total sum, could it be reckoned up, would amount to at least fifteen
millions, seems reasonably certain; and my own impression is that twenty
millions would be nearer the mark.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
That the
total sum, could it be reckoned up, would amount to at least fifteen
millions, seems reasonably certain; and my own impression is that twenty
millions would be nearer the mark.

Output:
It is much to be regretted that the
exact truth can never be known, for in this age of universal slaughter a
knowledge of the cash value of the wild game of the United States that
has been killed up to date might go far toward bringing about the actual
as well as the theoretical protection of what remains.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is much to be regretted that the
exact truth can never be known, for in this age of universal slaughter a
knowledge of the cash value of the wild game of the United States that
has been killed up to date might go far toward bringing about the actual
as well as the theoretical protection of what remains.


Instruction: continue the text below


Instruction: continue the text below


Instruction: continue the text below

Output:
*

UTILIZATION OF THE BUFFALO BY WHITE MEN.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
*

UTILIZATION OF THE BUFFALO BY WHITE MEN.

Output:
_Robes._--Ordinarily the skin of a large ruminant is of little value in
comparison with the bulk of toothsome flesh it covers.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
_Robes._--Ordinarily the skin of a large ruminant is of little value in
comparison with the bulk of toothsome flesh it covers.

Output:
In fattening
domestic cattle for the market, the value of the hide is so
insignificant that it amounts to no more than a butcher's perquisite in
reckoning up the value of the animal.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In fattening
domestic cattle for the market, the value of the hide is so
insignificant that it amounts to no more than a butcher's perquisite in
reckoning up the value of the animal.

Output:
With the buffalo, however, so
enormous was the waste of the really available product that probably
nine-tenths of the total value derived from the slaughter of the animal
came from his skin alone.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
With the buffalo, however, so
enormous was the waste of the really available product that probably
nine-tenths of the total value derived from the slaughter of the animal
came from his skin alone.

Output:
Of this, about four-fifths came from the
utilization of the furry robe and one-fifth from skins classed as
"hides," which were either taken in the summer season, when the hair was
very short or almost absent, and used for the manufacture of leather and
leather goods, or else were the poorly-furred skins of old bulls.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Of this, about four-fifths came from the
utilization of the furry robe and one-fifth from skins classed as
"hides," which were either taken in the summer season, when the hair was
very short or almost absent, and used for the manufacture of leather and
leather goods, or else were the poorly-furred skins of old bulls.

Output:
The season for robe-taking was from October 15 to February 15, and a
little later in the more northern latitudes.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The season for robe-taking was from October 15 to February 15, and a
little later in the more northern latitudes.

Output:
In the United States the
hair of the buffalo was still rather short up to the first of November;
but by the middle of November it was about at its finest as to length,
density, color, and freshness.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In the United States the
hair of the buffalo was still rather short up to the first of November;
but by the middle of November it was about at its finest as to length,
density, color, and freshness.

Output:
The Montana hunters considered that the
finest robes were those taken from November 15 to December 15.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The Montana hunters considered that the
finest robes were those taken from November 15 to December 15.

Output:
Before
the former date the hair had not quite attained perfection in length,
and after the latter it began to show wear and lose color.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Before
the former date the hair had not quite attained perfection in length,
and after the latter it began to show wear and lose color.

Output:
The winter
storms of December and January began to leave their mark upon the robes
by the 1st of February, chiefly by giving the hair a bleached and
weathered appearance.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The winter
storms of December and January began to leave their mark upon the robes
by the 1st of February, chiefly by giving the hair a bleached and
weathered appearance.

Output:
By the middle of February the pelage was decidedly
on the wane, and the robe-hunter was also losing his energy.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
By the middle of February the pelage was decidedly
on the wane, and the robe-hunter was also losing his energy.

Output:
Often,
however, the hunt was kept up until the middle of March, until either
the deterioration of the quality of the robe, the migration of the herds
northward, or the hunter's longing to return "to town" and "clean up,"
brought the hunt to an end.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Often,
however, the hunt was kept up until the middle of March, until either
the deterioration of the quality of the robe, the migration of the herds
northward, or the hunter's longing to return "to town" and "clean up,"
brought the hunt to an end.

Output:
On the northern buffalo range, the hunter, or "buffalo skinner," removed
the robe in the following manner:

When the operator had to do his work alone, which was almost always the
case, he made haste to skin his victims while they were yet warm, if
possible, and before _rigor mortis_ had set in; but, at all hazards,
before they should become hard frozen.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
On the northern buffalo range, the hunter, or "buffalo skinner," removed
the robe in the following manner:

When the operator had to do his work alone, which was almost always the
case, he made haste to skin his victims while they were yet warm, if
possible, and before _rigor mortis_ had set in; but, at all hazards,
before they should become hard frozen.

Output:
With a warm buffalo he could
easily do his work single-handed, but with one rigid or frozen stiff it
was a very different matter.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
With a warm buffalo he could
easily do his work single-handed, but with one rigid or frozen stiff it
was a very different matter.

Output:
His first act was to heave the carcass over until it lay fairly upon its
back, with its feet up in the air.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
His first act was to heave the carcass over until it lay fairly upon its
back, with its feet up in the air.

Output:
To keep it in that position he
wrenched the head violently around to one side, close against the
shoulder, at the point where the hump was highest and the tendency to
roll the greatest, and used it very effectually as a chock to keep the
body from rolling back upon its side.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
To keep it in that position he
wrenched the head violently around to one side, close against the
shoulder, at the point where the hump was highest and the tendency to
roll the greatest, and used it very effectually as a chock to keep the
body from rolling back upon its side.

Output:
Having fixed the carcass in
position he drew forth his steel, sharpened his sharp-pointed
"ripping-knife," and at once proceeded to make all the opening cuts in
the skin.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Having fixed the carcass in
position he drew forth his steel, sharpened his sharp-pointed
"ripping-knife," and at once proceeded to make all the opening cuts in
the skin.

Output:
Each leg was girdled to the bone, about 8 inches above the
hoof, and the skin of the leg ripped open from that point along the
inside to the median line of the body.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Each leg was girdled to the bone, about 8 inches above the
hoof, and the skin of the leg ripped open from that point along the
inside to the median line of the body.

Output:
A long, straight cut was then
made along the middle of the breast and abdomen, from the root of the
tail to the chin.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A long, straight cut was then
made along the middle of the breast and abdomen, from the root of the
tail to the chin.

Output:
In skinning cows and young animals, nothing but the
skin of the forehead and nose was left on the skull, the skin of the
throat and cheeks being left on the hide; but in skinning old bulls, on
whose heads the skin was very thick and tough, the whole head was left
unskinned, to save labor and time.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In skinning cows and young animals, nothing but the
skin of the forehead and nose was left on the skull, the skin of the
throat and cheeks being left on the hide; but in skinning old bulls, on
whose heads the skin was very thick and tough, the whole head was left
unskinned, to save labor and time.

Output:
The skin of the neck was severed in a
circle around the neck, just behind the ears.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The skin of the neck was severed in a
circle around the neck, just behind the ears.

Output:
It is these huge heads of
bushy brown hair, looking, at a little distance, quite black, in sharp
contrast with the ghastly whiteness of the perfect skeletons behind
them, which gives such a weird and ghostly appearance to the lifeless
prairies of Montana where the bone-gatherer has not yet done his perfect
work.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is these huge heads of
bushy brown hair, looking, at a little distance, quite black, in sharp
contrast with the ghastly whiteness of the perfect skeletons behind
them, which gives such a weird and ghostly appearance to the lifeless
prairies of Montana where the bone-gatherer has not yet done his perfect
work.

Output:
The skulls of the cows and young buffaloes are as clean and bare
as if they had been carefully macerated, and bleached by a skilled
osteologist.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The skulls of the cows and young buffaloes are as clean and bare
as if they had been carefully macerated, and bleached by a skilled
osteologist.

Output: [Illustration: FIG.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Illustration: FIG.

Output: 1.


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: A DEAD BULL.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: A DEAD BULL.

Output: From a photograph by L. A. Huffman.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: From a photograph by L. A. Huffman.]

Output: [Illustration: FIG.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Illustration: FIG.

Output: 2. BUFFALO SKINNERS AT WORK.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: 2. BUFFALO SKINNERS AT WORK.

Output:
From a photograph by
L. A. Huffman.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
From a photograph by
L. A. Huffman.]

Output:
The opening cuts having been made, the broad-pointed "skinning-knife"
was duly sharpened, and with it the operator fell to work to detach the
skin from the body in the shortest possible time.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The opening cuts having been made, the broad-pointed "skinning-knife"
was duly sharpened, and with it the operator fell to work to detach the
skin from the body in the shortest possible time.

Output:
The tail was always
skinned and left on the hide.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The tail was always
skinned and left on the hide.

Output:
As soon as the skin was taken off it was
spread out on a clean, smooth, and level spot of ground, and stretched
to its fullest extent, inside uppermost.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As soon as the skin was taken off it was
spread out on a clean, smooth, and level spot of ground, and stretched
to its fullest extent, inside uppermost.

Output:
On the northern range, very few
skins were "pegged out," _i. e._, stretched thoroughly and held by means
of wooden pegs driven through the edges of the skin into the earth.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
On the northern range, very few
skins were "pegged out," _i. e._, stretched thoroughly and held by means
of wooden pegs driven through the edges of the skin into the earth.

Output:
It
was practiced to a limited extent on the southern range during the
latter part of the great slaughter, when buffaloes were scarce and time
abundant.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It
was practiced to a limited extent on the southern range during the
latter part of the great slaughter, when buffaloes were scarce and time
abundant.

Output:
Ordinarily, however, there was no time for pegging, nor were
pegs available on the range to do the work with.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Ordinarily, however, there was no time for pegging, nor were
pegs available on the range to do the work with.

Output:
A warm skin stretched
on the curly buffalo-grass, hair side down, sticks to the ground of
itself until it has ample time to harden.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A warm skin stretched
on the curly buffalo-grass, hair side down, sticks to the ground of
itself until it has ample time to harden.

Output:
On the northern range the
skinner always cut the initials of his outfit in the thin subcutaneous
muscle which was always found adhering to the skin on each side, and
which made a permanent and very plain mark of ownership.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
On the northern range the
skinner always cut the initials of his outfit in the thin subcutaneous
muscle which was always found adhering to the skin on each side, and
which made a permanent and very plain mark of ownership.

Output:
In the south, the traders who bought buffalo robes on the range
sometimes rigged up a rude press, with four upright posts and a huge
lever, in which robes that had been folded into a convenient size were
pressed into bales, like bales of cotton.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In the south, the traders who bought buffalo robes on the range
sometimes rigged up a rude press, with four upright posts and a huge
lever, in which robes that had been folded into a convenient size were
pressed into bales, like bales of cotton.

Output:
These could be transported by
wagon much more economically than could loose robes.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
These could be transported by
wagon much more economically than could loose robes.

Output:
An illustration of
this process is given in an article by Theodore R. Davis, entitled "The
Buffalo Range," in _


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
An illustration of
this process is given in an article by Theodore R. Davis, entitled "The
Buffalo Range," in _

Output: Harper's Magazine_ for January, 1869,


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: Harper's Magazine_ for January, 1869,

Output:
Vol. xxxviii,
p. 163.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Vol. xxxviii,
p. 163.

Output: The author describes the process as follows:


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: The author describes the process as follows:

Output:
"As the robes are secured, the trader has them arranged in lots of ten
each, with but little regard for quality other than some care that
particularly fine robes do not go too many in one lot.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"As the robes are secured, the trader has them arranged in lots of ten
each, with but little regard for quality other than some care that
particularly fine robes do not go too many in one lot.

Output:
These piles are
then pressed into a compact bale by means of a rudely constructed affair
composed of saplings and a chain.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
These piles are
then pressed into a compact bale by means of a rudely constructed affair
composed of saplings and a chain.

Output:
"

On the northern range, skins were not folded until the time came to haul
them in.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"

On the northern range, skins were not folded until the time came to haul
them in.

Output:
Then the hunter repaired to the scene of his winter's work,
with a wagon surmounted by a hay-rack (or something like it), usually
drawn by four horses.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Then the hunter repaired to the scene of his winter's work,
with a wagon surmounted by a hay-rack (or something like it), usually
drawn by four horses.

Output:
As the skins were gathered up they were folded
once, lengthwise down the middle, with the hair inside.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As the skins were gathered up they were folded
once, lengthwise down the middle, with the hair inside.

Output:
Sometimes as
many as 100 skins were hauled at one load by four horses.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Sometimes as
many as 100 skins were hauled at one load by four horses.

Output:
On one portion of the northern range the classification of buffalo
peltries was substantially as follows: Under the head _of robes_ was
included all cow skins taken during the proper season, from one year old
upward, and all bull skins from one to three years old.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
On one portion of the northern range the classification of buffalo
peltries was substantially as follows: Under the head _of robes_ was
included all cow skins taken during the proper season, from one year old
upward, and all bull skins from one to three years old.

Output:
Bull skins over
three years of age were classed as _hides_, and while the best of them
were finally tanned and used as robes, the really poor ones were
converted into leather.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Bull skins over
three years of age were classed as _hides_, and while the best of them
were finally tanned and used as robes, the really poor ones were
converted into leather.

Output:
The large robes, when tanned, were used very
generally throughout the colder portions of North America as sleigh
robes and wraps, and for bedding in the regions of extreme cold.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The large robes, when tanned, were used very
generally throughout the colder portions of North America as sleigh
robes and wraps, and for bedding in the regions of extreme cold.

Output:
The
small robes, from the young animals, and likewise many large robes, were
made into overcoats, at once the warmest and the most cumbersome that
ever enveloped a human being.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The
small robes, from the young animals, and likewise many large robes, were
made into overcoats, at once the warmest and the most cumbersome that
ever enveloped a human being.

Output:
Thousands of old bull robes were tanned
with the hair on, and the body portions were made into overshoes, with
the woolly hair inside--absurdly large and uncouth, but very warm.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Thousands of old bull robes were tanned
with the hair on, and the body portions were made into overshoes, with
the woolly hair inside--absurdly large and uncouth, but very warm.

Output:
I never wore a pair of buffalo overshoes without being torn by
conflicting emotions--mortification at the ridiculous size of my
combined foot-gear, big boots inside of huge overshoes, and supreme
comfort derived from feet that were always warm.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
I never wore a pair of buffalo overshoes without being torn by
conflicting emotions--mortification at the ridiculous size of my
combined foot-gear, big boots inside of huge overshoes, and supreme
comfort derived from feet that were always warm.

Output:
Besides the ordinary robe, the hunters and fur buyers of Montana
recognized four special qualities, as follows:

The "beaver robe," with exceedingly fine, wavy fur, the color of a
beaver, and having long, coarse, straight hairs coming through it.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Besides the ordinary robe, the hunters and fur buyers of Montana
recognized four special qualities, as follows:

The "beaver robe," with exceedingly fine, wavy fur, the color of a
beaver, and having long, coarse, straight hairs coming through it.

Output:
The
latter were of course plucked out in the process of manufacture.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The
latter were of course plucked out in the process of manufacture.

Output:
These
were very rare.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
These
were very rare.

Output:
In 1882 Mr. James McNaney took one, a cow robe, the only
one out of 1,200 robes taken that season, and sold it for $75, when
ordinary robes fetched only $3.50.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In 1882 Mr. James McNaney took one, a cow robe, the only
one out of 1,200 robes taken that season, and sold it for $75, when
ordinary robes fetched only $3.50.

Output:
The "black-and-tan robe" is described as having the nose, flanks, and
inside of fore legs black-and-tan (whatever that may mean), while the
remainder of the robe is jet black.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The "black-and-tan robe" is described as having the nose, flanks, and
inside of fore legs black-and-tan (whatever that may mean), while the
remainder of the robe is jet black.

Output:
A "buckskin robe" is from what is always called a "white buffalo," and
is in reality a dirty cream color instead of white.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A "buckskin robe" is from what is always called a "white buffalo," and
is in reality a dirty cream color instead of white.

Output:
A robe of this
character sold in Miles City in 1882 for $200, and was the only one of
that character taken on the northern range during that entire winter.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A robe of this
character sold in Miles City in 1882 for $200, and was the only one of
that character taken on the northern range during that entire winter.

Output:
A
very few pure white robes have been taken, so I have been told, chiefly
by Indians, but I have never seen one.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A
very few pure white robes have been taken, so I have been told, chiefly
by Indians, but I have never seen one.

Output:
A "blue robe" or "mouse-colored (?) robe" is one on which the body color
shows a decidedly bluish cast, and at the same time has long, fine fur.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A "blue robe" or "mouse-colored (?) robe" is one on which the body color
shows a decidedly bluish cast, and at the same time has long, fine fur.

Output:
Out of his 1,200 robes taken in 1882, Mr. McNaney picked out 12 which
passed muster as the much sought for blue robes, and they sold at $16
each.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Out of his 1,200 robes taken in 1882, Mr. McNaney picked out 12 which
passed muster as the much sought for blue robes, and they sold at $16
each.

Output:
As already intimated, the price paid on the range for ordinary buffalo
skins varied according to circumstances, and at different periods, and
in different localities, ranged all the way from 65 cents to $10.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As already intimated, the price paid on the range for ordinary buffalo
skins varied according to circumstances, and at different periods, and
in different localities, ranged all the way from 65 cents to $10.

Output:
The
latter figure was paid in Texas in 1887 for the last lot of "robes" ever
taken.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The
latter figure was paid in Texas in 1887 for the last lot of "robes" ever
taken.

Output:
The lowest prices ever paid were during the tremendous slaughter
which annihilated the southern herd.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The lowest prices ever paid were during the tremendous slaughter
which annihilated the southern herd.

Output:
Even as late as 1876, in the
southern country, cow robes brought on the range only from 65 to 90
cents, and bull robes $1.15.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Even as late as 1876, in the
southern country, cow robes brought on the range only from 65 to 90
cents, and bull robes $1.15.

Output:
On the northern range, from 1881 to 1883,
the prices paid were much higher, ranging from $2.50 to $4.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
On the northern range, from 1881 to 1883,
the prices paid were much higher, ranging from $2.50 to $4.

Output: [Illustration: FIG.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Illustration: FIG.

Output: 1. FIVE MINUTES' WORK.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: 1. FIVE MINUTES' WORK.

Output: Photographed by L. A. Huffman.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: Photographed by L. A. Huffman.]

Output: [Illustration: FIG.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Illustration: FIG.

Output: 2.


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: SCENE ON THE NORTHERN BUFFALO RANGE.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: SCENE ON THE NORTHERN BUFFALO RANGE.

Output:
Photographed
by L. A. Huffman.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Photographed
by L. A. Huffman.]

Output:
A few hundred dressed robes still remain in the hands of some of the
largest fur dealers in New York, Chicago, and Montreal, which can be
purchased at prices much lower than one would expect, considering the
circumstances.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A few hundred dressed robes still remain in the hands of some of the
largest fur dealers in New York, Chicago, and Montreal, which can be
purchased at prices much lower than one would expect, considering the
circumstances.

Output:
In 1888, good robes, Indian tanned, were offered in New
York at prices ranging from $15 to $30, according to size and quality,
but in Montreal no first-class robes were obtainable at less than $40.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In 1888, good robes, Indian tanned, were offered in New
York at prices ranging from $15 to $30, according to size and quality,
but in Montreal no first-class robes were obtainable at less than $40.

Output:
_Hides._--Next in importance to robes was the class of skins known
commercially as hides.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
_Hides._--Next in importance to robes was the class of skins known
commercially as hides.

Output:
Under this head were classed all skins which for
any reason did not possess the pelage necessary to a robe, and were
therefore fit only for conversion into leather.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Under this head were classed all skins which for
any reason did not possess the pelage necessary to a robe, and were
therefore fit only for conversion into leather.

Output:
Of these, the greater
portion consisted of the skins of old bulls on which the hair was of
poor quality and the skin itself too thick and heavy to ever allow of
its being made into a soft, pliable, and light-weight robe.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Of these, the greater
portion consisted of the skins of old bulls on which the hair was of
poor quality and the skin itself too thick and heavy to ever allow of
its being made into a soft, pliable, and light-weight robe.

Output:
The
remaining portion of the hides marketed were from buffaloes killed in
spring and summer, when the body and hindquarters ware almost naked.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The
remaining portion of the hides marketed were from buffaloes killed in
spring and summer, when the body and hindquarters ware almost naked.

Output:
Apparently the quantity of summer-killed hides marketed was not very
great, for it was only the meanest and most unprincipled ones of the
grand army of buffalo-killers who were mean enough to kill buffaloes in
summer simply for their hides.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Apparently the quantity of summer-killed hides marketed was not very
great, for it was only the meanest and most unprincipled ones of the
grand army of buffalo-killers who were mean enough to kill buffaloes in
summer simply for their hides.

Output:
It is said that at one time
summer-killing was practiced on the southern range to an extent that
became a cause for alarm to the great body of more respectable hunters,
and the practice was frowned upon so severely that the wretches who
engaged in it found it wise to abandon it.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is said that at one time
summer-killing was practiced on the southern range to an extent that
became a cause for alarm to the great body of more respectable hunters,
and the practice was frowned upon so severely that the wretches who
engaged in it found it wise to abandon it.

Output: _


Instruction: continue the text below

Output:
Bones._--Next in importance to robes and hides was the bone product,
the utilization of which was rendered possible by the rigorous climate
of the buffalo plains.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Bones._--Next in importance to robes and hides was the bone product,
the utilization of which was rendered possible by the rigorous climate
of the buffalo plains.

Output:
Under the influence of the wind and sun and the
extremes of heat and cold, the flesh remaining upon a carcass dried up,
disintegrated, and fell to dust, leaving the bones of almost the entire
skeleton as clean and bare as if they had been stripped of flesh by some
powerful chemical process.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Under the influence of the wind and sun and the
extremes of heat and cold, the flesh remaining upon a carcass dried up,
disintegrated, and fell to dust, leaving the bones of almost the entire
skeleton as clean and bare as if they had been stripped of flesh by some
powerful chemical process.

Output:
Very naturally, no sooner did the live
buffaloes begin to grow scarce than the miles of bleaching' bones
suggested the idea of finding a use for them.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Very naturally, no sooner did the live
buffaloes begin to grow scarce than the miles of bleaching' bones
suggested the idea of finding a use for them.

Output:
A market was readily found
for them in the East, and the prices paid per ton were sufficient to
make the business of bone-gathering quite remunerative.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A market was readily found
for them in the East, and the prices paid per ton were sufficient to
make the business of bone-gathering quite remunerative.

Output:
The bulk of the
bone product was converted into phosphate for fertilizing purposes, but
much of it was turned into carbon for use in the refining of sugar.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The bulk of the
bone product was converted into phosphate for fertilizing purposes, but
much of it was turned into carbon for use in the refining of sugar.

Output:
The gathering of bones became a common industry as early as 1872, during
which year 1,135,300 pounds were shipped over the Atchison, Topeka and
Santa Fé Railroad.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The gathering of bones became a common industry as early as 1872, during
which year 1,135,300 pounds were shipped over the Atchison, Topeka and
Santa Fé Railroad.

Output:
In the year following the same road shipped 2,743,100
pounds, and in 1874 it handled 6,914,950 pounds more.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In the year following the same road shipped 2,743,100
pounds, and in 1874 it handled 6,914,950 pounds more.

Output:
This trade
continued from that time on until the plains have been gleaned so far
back from the railway lines that it is no longer profitable to seek
them.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
This trade
continued from that time on until the plains have been gleaned so far
back from the railway lines that it is no longer profitable to seek
them.

Output:
For that matter, however, it is said that south of the Union
Pacific nothing worth the seeking now remains.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
For that matter, however, it is said that south of the Union
Pacific nothing worth the seeking now remains.

Output:
The building of the Northern Pacific Railway made possible the shipment
of immense quantities of dry bones.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The building of the Northern Pacific Railway made possible the shipment
of immense quantities of dry bones.

Output:
Even as late as 1886 overland
travelers saw at many of the stations between Jamestown, Dakota, and
Billings, Montana, immense heaps of bones lying alongside the track
awaiting shipment.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Even as late as 1886 overland
travelers saw at many of the stations between Jamestown, Dakota, and
Billings, Montana, immense heaps of bones lying alongside the track
awaiting shipment.

Output:
In 1885 a single firm shipped over 200 tons of bones
from Miles City.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In 1885 a single firm shipped over 200 tons of bones
from Miles City.

Output:
The valley of the Missouri River was gleaned by teamsters who gathered
bones from as far back as 100 miles and hauled them to the river for
shipment on the steamers.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The valley of the Missouri River was gleaned by teamsters who gathered
bones from as far back as 100 miles and hauled them to the river for
shipment on the steamers.

Output:
An operator who had eight wagons in the
business informed me that in order to ship bones on the river steamers
it was necessary to crush them, and that for crushed bones, shipped in
bags, a Michigan fertilizer company paid $18 per ton.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
An operator who had eight wagons in the
business informed me that in order to ship bones on the river steamers
it was necessary to crush them, and that for crushed bones, shipped in
bags, a Michigan fertilizer company paid $18 per ton.

Output:
Uncrushed bones,
shipped by the railway, sold for $12 per ton.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Uncrushed bones,
shipped by the railway, sold for $12 per ton.

Output:
It is impossible to ascertain the total amount or value of the bone
product, but it is certain that it amounted to many thousand tons, and
in value must have amounted to some hundreds of thousands of dollars.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is impossible to ascertain the total amount or value of the bone
product, but it is certain that it amounted to many thousand tons, and
in value must have amounted to some hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Output:
But for the great number of railroads, river steamers, and sea-going
vessels (from Texas ports) engaged in carrying this product, it would
have cut an important figure in the commerce of the country, but owing
to the many interests between which it was divided it attracted little
attention.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
But for the great number of railroads, river steamers, and sea-going
vessels (from Texas ports) engaged in carrying this product, it would
have cut an important figure in the commerce of the country, but owing
to the many interests between which it was divided it attracted little
attention.

Output:
_Meat._--The amount of fresh buffalo meat cured and marketed was really
very insignificant.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
_Meat._--The amount of fresh buffalo meat cured and marketed was really
very insignificant.

Output:
So long as it was to be had at all it was so very
abundant that it was worth only from 2 to 3 cents per pound in the
market, and many reasons combined to render the trade in fresh buffalo
meat anything but profitable.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
So long as it was to be had at all it was so very
abundant that it was worth only from 2 to 3 cents per pound in the
market, and many reasons combined to render the trade in fresh buffalo
meat anything but profitable.

Output:
Probably not more than one one-thousandth
of the buffalo meat that might have been saved and utilized was saved.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Probably not more than one one-thousandth
of the buffalo meat that might have been saved and utilized was saved.

Output:
The buffalo carcasses that were wasted on the great plains every year
during the two great periods of slaughter (of the northern and southern
herds) would probably have fed to satiety during the entire time more
than a million persons.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The buffalo carcasses that were wasted on the great plains every year
during the two great periods of slaughter (of the northern and southern
herds) would probably have fed to satiety during the entire time more
than a million persons.

Output:
As to the quality of buffalo meat, it may be stated in general terms
that it differs in no way whatever from domestic beef of the same age
produced by the same kind of grass.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As to the quality of buffalo meat, it may be stated in general terms
that it differs in no way whatever from domestic beef of the same age
produced by the same kind of grass.

Output:
Perhaps there is no finer grazing
ground in the world than Montana, and the beef it produces is certainly
entitled to rank with the best.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Perhaps there is no finer grazing
ground in the world than Montana, and the beef it produces is certainly
entitled to rank with the best.

Output:
There are many persons who claim to
recognize a difference between the taste of buffalo meat and domestic
beef; but for my part I do not believe any difference really exists,
unless it is that the flesh of the buffalo is a little sweeter and more
juicy.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
There are many persons who claim to
recognize a difference between the taste of buffalo meat and domestic
beef; but for my part I do not believe any difference really exists,
unless it is that the flesh of the buffalo is a little sweeter and more
juicy.

Output:
As for myself, I feel certain I could not tell the difference
between the flesh of a three-year old buffalo and that of a domestic
beef of the same age, nor do I believe any one else could, even on a
wager.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As for myself, I feel certain I could not tell the difference
between the flesh of a three-year old buffalo and that of a domestic
beef of the same age, nor do I believe any one else could, even on a
wager.

Output:
Having once seen a butcher eat an elephant steak in the belief
that it was beef from his own shop, and another butcher eat _loggerhead
turtle_ steak for beef, I have become somewhat skeptical in regard to
the intelligence of the human palate.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Having once seen a butcher eat an elephant steak in the belief
that it was beef from his own shop, and another butcher eat _loggerhead
turtle_ steak for beef, I have become somewhat skeptical in regard to
the intelligence of the human palate.

Output:
As a matter of experiment, during our hunt for buffalo we had buffalo
meat of all ages, from one year up to eleven, cooked in as many
different ways as our culinary department could turn out.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As a matter of experiment, during our hunt for buffalo we had buffalo
meat of all ages, from one year up to eleven, cooked in as many
different ways as our culinary department could turn out.

Output:
We had it
broiled, fried with batter, roasted, boiled, and stewed.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
We had it
broiled, fried with batter, roasted, boiled, and stewed.

Output:
The last
method, when employed upon slices of meat that had been hacked from a
frozen hind-quarter, produced results that were undeniably tough and not
particularly good.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The last
method, when employed upon slices of meat that had been hacked from a
frozen hind-quarter, produced results that were undeniably tough and not
particularly good.

Output:
But it was an unfair way to cook any kind of meat,
and may be guarantied to spoil the finest beef in the world.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
But it was an unfair way to cook any kind of meat,
and may be guarantied to spoil the finest beef in the world.

Output:
Hump meat from a cow buffalo not too old, cut in slices and fried in
batter, _a la cowboy_, is delicious--a dish fit for the gods.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Hump meat from a cow buffalo not too old, cut in slices and fried in
batter, _a la cowboy_, is delicious--a dish fit for the gods.

Output:
We had
tongues in plenty, but the ordinary meat was so good they were not half
appreciated.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
We had
tongues in plenty, but the ordinary meat was so good they were not half
appreciated.

Output:
Of course the tenderloin was above criticism, and even the
round steaks, so lightly esteemed by the epicure, were tender and juicy
to a most satisfactory degree.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Of course the tenderloin was above criticism, and even the
round steaks, so lightly esteemed by the epicure, were tender and juicy
to a most satisfactory degree.

Output:
It has been said that the meat of the buffalo has a coarser texture or
"grain" than domestic beef.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It has been said that the meat of the buffalo has a coarser texture or
"grain" than domestic beef.

Output:
Although I expected to find such to be the
case, I found no perceptible difference whatever, nor do I believe that
any exists.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Although I expected to find such to be the
case, I found no perceptible difference whatever, nor do I believe that
any exists.

Output:
As to the distribution of fat I am unable to say, for the
reason that our buffaloes were not fat.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As to the distribution of fat I am unable to say, for the
reason that our buffaloes were not fat.

Output:
It is highly probable that the distribution of fat through the meat, so
characteristic of the shorthorn breeds, and which has been brought about
only by careful breeding, is not found in either the beef of the buffalo
or common range cattle.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is highly probable that the distribution of fat through the meat, so
characteristic of the shorthorn breeds, and which has been brought about
only by careful breeding, is not found in either the beef of the buffalo
or common range cattle.

Output:
In this respect, shorthorn beef no doubt
surpasses both the others mentioned, but in all other points, texture,
flavor, and general tenderness, I am very sure it does not.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In this respect, shorthorn beef no doubt
surpasses both the others mentioned, but in all other points, texture,
flavor, and general tenderness, I am very sure it does not.

Output:
It is a great mistake for a traveler to kill a patriarchal old bull
buffalo, and after attempting to masticate a small portion of him to
rise up and declare that buffalo meat is coarse, tough, and dry.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is a great mistake for a traveler to kill a patriarchal old bull
buffalo, and after attempting to masticate a small portion of him to
rise up and declare that buffalo meat is coarse, tough, and dry.

Output:
A
domestic bull of the same age would taste as tough.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A
domestic bull of the same age would taste as tough.

Output:
It is probably only
those who have had the bad taste to eat bull-beef who have ever found
occasion to asperse the reputation of _


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It is probably only
those who have had the bad taste to eat bull-beef who have ever found
occasion to asperse the reputation of _

Output:
Bison americanus_ as a beef
animal.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Bison americanus_ as a beef
animal.

Output:
Until people got tired of them, buffalo tongues were in considerable
demand, and hundreds, if not even thousands, of barrels of them were
shipped east from the buffalo country.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Until people got tired of them, buffalo tongues were in considerable
demand, and hundreds, if not even thousands, of barrels of them were
shipped east from the buffalo country.

Output:
_Pemmican._--Out of the enormous waste of good buffalo flesh one product
stands forth as a redeeming feature--pemmican.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
_Pemmican._--Out of the enormous waste of good buffalo flesh one product
stands forth as a redeeming feature--pemmican.

Output:
Although made almost
exclusively by the half-breeds and Indians of the Northwest it
constituted a regular article of commerce of great value to overland
travelers, and was much sought for as long as it was produced.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Although made almost
exclusively by the half-breeds and Indians of the Northwest it
constituted a regular article of commerce of great value to overland
travelers, and was much sought for as long as it was produced.

Output:
Its
peculiar "staying powers," due to the process of its manufacture, which
yielded a most nourishing food in a highly condensed form, made it of
inestimable value to the overland traveler who must travel light or not
at all.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Its
peculiar "staying powers," due to the process of its manufacture, which
yielded a most nourishing food in a highly condensed form, made it of
inestimable value to the overland traveler who must travel light or not
at all.

Output:
A handful of pemmican was sufficient food to constitute a meal
when provisions were at all scarce.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A handful of pemmican was sufficient food to constitute a meal
when provisions were at all scarce.

Output:
The price of pemmican in Winnipeg
was once as low as 2d.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The price of pemmican in Winnipeg
was once as low as 2d.

Output:
per pound, but in 1883 a very small quantity
which was brought in sold at 10 cents per pound.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
per pound, but in 1883 a very small quantity
which was brought in sold at 10 cents per pound.

Output:
This was probably the
last buffalo pemmican made.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
This was probably the
last buffalo pemmican made.

Output:
H. M. Robinson states that in 1878 pemmican
was worth 1s.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
H. M. Robinson states that in 1878 pemmican
was worth 1s.

Output: 3d.


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: per pound.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: per pound.

Output:
The manufacture of pemmican, as performed by the Red River half-breeds,
was thus described by the Rev. Mr. Belcourt, a Catholic priest, who once
accompanied one of the great buffalo-hunting expeditions:[45]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The manufacture of pemmican, as performed by the Red River half-breeds,
was thus described by the Rev. Mr. Belcourt, a Catholic priest, who once
accompanied one of the great buffalo-hunting expeditions:[45]

Output:
[Note 45: Schoolcraft's History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian
Tribes, iv, p. 107.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
[Note 45: Schoolcraft's History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian
Tribes, iv, p. 107.]

Output:
"Other portions which are destined to be made into pimikehigan, or
pemmican, are exposed to an ardent heat, and thus become brittle and
easily reducible to small particles by the use of a flail, the
buffalo-hide answering the purpose of a threshing-floor.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"Other portions which are destined to be made into pimikehigan, or
pemmican, are exposed to an ardent heat, and thus become brittle and
easily reducible to small particles by the use of a flail, the
buffalo-hide answering the purpose of a threshing-floor.

Output:
The fat or
tallow, being cut up and melted in large kettles of sheet iron, is
poured upon this pounded meat, and the whole mass is worked together
with shovels until it is well amalgamated, when it is pressed, while
still warm, into bags made of buffalo skin, which are strongly sewed up,
and the mixture gradually cools and becomes almost as hard as a rock.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The fat or
tallow, being cut up and melted in large kettles of sheet iron, is
poured upon this pounded meat, and the whole mass is worked together
with shovels until it is well amalgamated, when it is pressed, while
still warm, into bags made of buffalo skin, which are strongly sewed up,
and the mixture gradually cools and becomes almost as hard as a rock.

Output:
If
the fat used in this process is that taken from the parts containing the
udder, the meat is called fine pemmican.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
If
the fat used in this process is that taken from the parts containing the
udder, the meat is called fine pemmican.

Output:
In some cases, dried fruits,
such as the prairie pear and cherry, are intermixed, which forms what is
called seed pemmican.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In some cases, dried fruits,
such as the prairie pear and cherry, are intermixed, which forms what is
called seed pemmican.

Output:
Tho lovers of good eating judge the first
described to be very palatable; the second, better; the third,
excellent.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Tho lovers of good eating judge the first
described to be very palatable; the second, better; the third,
excellent.

Output: A taurean of pemmican weighs from 100 to 110 pounds.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: A taurean of pemmican weighs from 100 to 110 pounds.

Output:
Some
idea may be formed of the immense destruction of buffalo by these people
when it is stated that a whole cow yields one-half a bag of pemmican and
three fourths of a bundle of dried meat; so that the most economical
calculate that from eight to ten cows are required for the load of a
single vehicle.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Some
idea may be formed of the immense destruction of buffalo by these people
when it is stated that a whole cow yields one-half a bag of pemmican and
three fourths of a bundle of dried meat; so that the most economical
calculate that from eight to ten cows are required for the load of a
single vehicle.

Output:
"

It is quite evident from the testimony of disinterested travelers that
ordinary pemmican was not very palatable to one unaccustomed to it as a
regular article of food.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"

It is quite evident from the testimony of disinterested travelers that
ordinary pemmican was not very palatable to one unaccustomed to it as a
regular article of food.

Output:
To the natives, however, especially the
Canadian _voyageur_, it formed one of the most valuable food products of
the country, and it is said that the demand for it was generally greater
than the supply.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
To the natives, however, especially the
Canadian _voyageur_, it formed one of the most valuable food products of
the country, and it is said that the demand for it was generally greater
than the supply.

Output:
_Dried, or "jerked" meat._--The most popular and universal method of
curing buffalo meat was to cut it into thin flakes, an inch or less in
thickness and of indefinite length, and without salting it in the least
to hang it over poles, ropes, wicker-frames, or even clumps of standing
sage brush, and let it dry in the sun.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
_Dried, or "jerked" meat._--The most popular and universal method of
curing buffalo meat was to cut it into thin flakes, an inch or less in
thickness and of indefinite length, and without salting it in the least
to hang it over poles, ropes, wicker-frames, or even clumps of standing
sage brush, and let it dry in the sun.

Output:
This process yielded the famous
"jerked" meat so common throughout the West in the early days, from the
Rio Grande to the Saskatchewan.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
This process yielded the famous
"jerked" meat so common throughout the West in the early days, from the
Rio Grande to the Saskatchewan.

Output:
Father Belcourt thus described the
curing process as it was practiced by the half-breeds and Indians of the
Northwest:

"The meat, when taken to camp, is cut by the women into long strips
about a quarter of an inch thick, which are hung upon the lattice-work
prepared for that purpose to dry.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Father Belcourt thus described the
curing process as it was practiced by the half-breeds and Indians of the
Northwest:

"The meat, when taken to camp, is cut by the women into long strips
about a quarter of an inch thick, which are hung upon the lattice-work
prepared for that purpose to dry.

Output:
This lattice-work is formed of small
pieces of wood, placed horizontally, transversely, and equidistant from
each other, not unlike an immense gridiron, and is supported by wooden
uprights (trepieds).


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
This lattice-work is formed of small
pieces of wood, placed horizontally, transversely, and equidistant from
each other, not unlike an immense gridiron, and is supported by wooden
uprights (trepieds).

Output:
In a few days the meat is thoroughly desiccated,
when it is bent into proper lengths and tied into bundles of 60 or 70
pounds weight.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In a few days the meat is thoroughly desiccated,
when it is bent into proper lengths and tied into bundles of 60 or 70
pounds weight.

Output: This is called dried meat (viande seche).


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: This is called dried meat (viande seche).

Output:
To make the
hide into parchment (so called) it is stretched on a frame, and then
scraped on the inside with a piece of sharpened bone and on the outside
with a small but sharp-curved iron, proper to remove the hair.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
To make the
hide into parchment (so called) it is stretched on a frame, and then
scraped on the inside with a piece of sharpened bone and on the outside
with a small but sharp-curved iron, proper to remove the hair.

Output:
This is
considered, likewise, the appropriate labor of women.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
This is
considered, likewise, the appropriate labor of women.

Output:
The men break the
bones, which are boiled in water to extract the marrow to be used for
frying and other culinary purposes.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The men break the
bones, which are boiled in water to extract the marrow to be used for
frying and other culinary purposes.

Output:
The oil is then poured into the
bladder of the animal, which contains, when filled, about 12 pounds,
being the yield of the marrow-bones of two buffaloes.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The oil is then poured into the
bladder of the animal, which contains, when filled, about 12 pounds,
being the yield of the marrow-bones of two buffaloes.

Output:
"

In the Northwest Territories dried meat, which formerly sold at 2_d._
per pound, was worth in 1878 10_d._ per pound.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"

In the Northwest Territories dried meat, which formerly sold at 2_d._
per pound, was worth in 1878 10_d._ per pound.

Output:
Although I have myself prepared quite a quantity of jerked buffalo meat,
I never learned to like it.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Although I have myself prepared quite a quantity of jerked buffalo meat,
I never learned to like it.

Output:
Owing to the absence of salt in its curing,
the dried meat when pounded and made into a stew has a "far away" taste
which continually reminds one of hoofs and horns.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Owing to the absence of salt in its curing,
the dried meat when pounded and made into a stew has a "far away" taste
which continually reminds one of hoofs and horns.

Output:
For all that, and
despite its resemblance in flavor to Liebig's Extract of Beef, it is
quite good, and better to the taste than ordinary pemmican.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
For all that, and
despite its resemblance in flavor to Liebig's Extract of Beef, it is
quite good, and better to the taste than ordinary pemmican.

Output:
The Indians formerly cured great quantities of buffalo meat in this
way--in summer, of course, for use in winter--but the advent of that
popular institution called "Government beef" long ago rendered it
unnecessary for the noble red man to exert his squaw in that once
honorable field of labor.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The Indians formerly cured great quantities of buffalo meat in this
way--in summer, of course, for use in winter--but the advent of that
popular institution called "Government beef" long ago rendered it
unnecessary for the noble red man to exert his squaw in that once
honorable field of labor.

Output:
During the existence of the buffalo herds a few thrifty and enterprising
white men made a business of killing buffaloes in summer and drying the
meat in bulk, in the same manner which to-day produces our popular
"dried beef."


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
During the existence of the buffalo herds a few thrifty and enterprising
white men made a business of killing buffaloes in summer and drying the
meat in bulk, in the same manner which to-day produces our popular
"dried beef."

Output:
Mr. Allen states that "a single hunter at Hays City
shipped annually for some years several hundred barrels thus prepared,
which the consumers probably bought for ordinary beef.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Mr. Allen states that "a single hunter at Hays City
shipped annually for some years several hundred barrels thus prepared,
which the consumers probably bought for ordinary beef.

Output:
"

_


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"

_

Output:
Uses of bison's hair._--Numerous attempts have been made to utilize the
woolly hair of the bison in the manufacture of textile fabrics.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Uses of bison's hair._--Numerous attempts have been made to utilize the
woolly hair of the bison in the manufacture of textile fabrics.

Output:
As early
as 1729 Col. William Byrd records the fact that garments were made of
this material, as follows:

"The Hair growing upon his Head and Neck is long and Shagged, and so
Soft that it will spin into Thread not unlike Mohair, and might be wove
into a sort of Camlet.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
As early
as 1729 Col. William Byrd records the fact that garments were made of
this material, as follows:

"The Hair growing upon his Head and Neck is long and Shagged, and so
Soft that it will spin into Thread not unlike Mohair, and might be wove
into a sort of Camlet.

Output:
Some People have Stockings knit of it, that would
have served an Israelite during his forty Years march thro' the
Wilderness.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Some People have Stockings knit of it, that would
have served an Israelite during his forty Years march thro' the
Wilderness.

Output: "[46]


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: [Note 46: Westover MSS., i, p. 172.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Note 46: Westover MSS., i, p. 172.]

Output:
In 1637 Thomas Morton published, in his "New English Canaan," p. 98,[47]
the following reference to the Indians who live on the southern shore of
Lake Erocoise, supposed to be Lake Ontario:


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In 1637 Thomas Morton published, in his "New English Canaan," p. 98,[47]
the following reference to the Indians who live on the southern shore of
Lake Erocoise, supposed to be Lake Ontario:

Output: [Note 47: Quoted by Professor Allen, "American Bisons," p. 107.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Note 47: Quoted by Professor Allen, "American Bisons," p. 107.]

Output:
"These Beasts [buffaloes, undoubtedly] are of the bignesse of a Cowe,
their flesh being very good foode, their hides good lether, their
fleeces very usefull, being a kind of wolle, as fine as the wolle of the
Beaver, and the Salvages doe make garments thereof.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"These Beasts [buffaloes, undoubtedly] are of the bignesse of a Cowe,
their flesh being very good foode, their hides good lether, their
fleeces very usefull, being a kind of wolle, as fine as the wolle of the
Beaver, and the Salvages doe make garments thereof.

Output:
"

Professor Allen quotes a number of authorities who have recorded
statements in regard to the manufacture of belts, garters, scarfs,
sacks, etc., from buffalo wool by various tribes of Indians.[48]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
"

Professor Allen quotes a number of authorities who have recorded
statements in regard to the manufacture of belts, garters, scarfs,
sacks, etc., from buffalo wool by various tribes of Indians.[48]

Output:
He also
calls attention to the only determined efforts ever made by white men on
a liberal scale for the utilization of buffalo "wool" and its
manufacture into cloth, an account of which appears in Ross's "Red River
Settlement," pp. 69-72.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
He also
calls attention to the only determined efforts ever made by white men on
a liberal scale for the utilization of buffalo "wool" and its
manufacture into cloth, an account of which appears in Ross's "Red River
Settlement," pp. 69-72.

Output:
In 1821 some of the more enterprising of the Red
River (British) colonists conceived the idea of making fortunes out of
the manufacture of woolen goods from the fleece of the buffalo, and for
that purpose organized the Buffalo Wool Company, the principal object of
which was declared to be "to provide a substitute for wool, which
substitute was to be the wool of the wild buffalo, which was to be
collected in the plains and manufactured both for the use of the
colonists and for export."


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In 1821 some of the more enterprising of the Red
River (British) colonists conceived the idea of making fortunes out of
the manufacture of woolen goods from the fleece of the buffalo, and for
that purpose organized the Buffalo Wool Company, the principal object of
which was declared to be "to provide a substitute for wool, which
substitute was to be the wool of the wild buffalo, which was to be
collected in the plains and manufactured both for the use of the
colonists and for export."

Output:
A large number of skilled workmen of various
kinds were procured from England, and also a plant of machinery and
materials.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
A large number of skilled workmen of various
kinds were procured from England, and also a plant of machinery and
materials.

Output:
When too late, it was found that the supply of buffalo wool
obtainable was utterly insufficient, the raw wool costing the company
1_s._


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
When too late, it was found that the supply of buffalo wool
obtainable was utterly insufficient, the raw wool costing the company
1_s._

Output: 6_d.


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: _ per pound, and cloth which it cost the company £2 10_s.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: _ per pound, and cloth which it cost the company £2 10_s.

Output: _


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: per yard to produce was worth only 4_s._


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: per yard to produce was worth only 4_s._

Output: 6_d.


Instruction: continue the text below

Output: _ per yard in England.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: _ per yard in England.

Output:
The
historian states that universal drunkenness on the part of all concerned
aided very materially in bringing about the total failure of the
enterprise in a very short time.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
The
historian states that universal drunkenness on the part of all concerned
aided very materially in bringing about the total failure of the
enterprise in a very short time.

Output: [Note 48: The American Bison, p. 197.]


Instruction: continue the text below

Input: [Note 48: The American Bison, p. 197.]

Output:
While it is possible to manufacture the fine, woolly fur of the bison
into cloth or knitted garments, provided a sufficient supply of the raw
material could be obtained (which is and always has been impossible),
nothing could be more visionary than an attempt to thus produce salable
garments at a profit.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
While it is possible to manufacture the fine, woolly fur of the bison
into cloth or knitted garments, provided a sufficient supply of the raw
material could be obtained (which is and always has been impossible),
nothing could be more visionary than an attempt to thus produce salable
garments at a profit.

Output:
Articles of wearing apparel made of buffalo's hair are interesting as
curiosities, for their rarity makes them so, but that is the only end
they can ever serve so long as there is a sheep living.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Articles of wearing apparel made of buffalo's hair are interesting as
curiosities, for their rarity makes them so, but that is the only end
they can ever serve so long as there is a sheep living.

Output:
In the National Museum, in the section of animal products, there is
displayed a pair of stockings made in Canada from the finest buffalo
wool, from the body of the animal.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In the National Museum, in the section of animal products, there is
displayed a pair of stockings made in Canada from the finest buffalo
wool, from the body of the animal.

Output:
They are thick, heavy, and full of
the coarse, straight hairs, which it seems can never be entirely
separated from the fine wool.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
They are thick, heavy, and full of
the coarse, straight hairs, which it seems can never be entirely
separated from the fine wool.

Output:
In general texture they are as coarse as
the coarsest sheep's wool would produce.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In general texture they are as coarse as
the coarsest sheep's wool would produce.

Output:
With the above are also displayed a rope-like lariat, made by the
Comanche Indians, and a smaller braided lasso, seemingly a sample more
than a full-grown lariat, made by the Otoe Indians of Nebraska.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
With the above are also displayed a rope-like lariat, made by the
Comanche Indians, and a smaller braided lasso, seemingly a sample more
than a full-grown lariat, made by the Otoe Indians of Nebraska.

Output:
Both of
the above are made of the long, dark-brown hair of the head and
shoulders, and in spite of the fact that they have been twisted as hard
as possible, the ends of the hairs protrude so persistently that the
surface of each rope is extremely hairy.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Both of
the above are made of the long, dark-brown hair of the head and
shoulders, and in spite of the fact that they have been twisted as hard
as possible, the ends of the hairs protrude so persistently that the
surface of each rope is extremely hairy.

Output:
_Buffalo chips._--Last, but by no means least in value to the traveler
on the treeless plains, are the droppings of the buffalo, universally
known as "buffalo chips."


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
_Buffalo chips._--Last, but by no means least in value to the traveler
on the treeless plains, are the droppings of the buffalo, universally
known as "buffalo chips."

Output:
When over one year old and thoroughly dry,
this material makes excellent fuel.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
When over one year old and thoroughly dry,
this material makes excellent fuel.

Output:
Usually it occurs only where
fire-wood is unobtainable, and thousands of frontiersmen have a million
times found it of priceless value.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Usually it occurs only where
fire-wood is unobtainable, and thousands of frontiersmen have a million
times found it of priceless value.

Output:
When dry, it catches easily, burns
readily, and makes a hot fire with but very little smoke, although it is
rapidly consumed.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
When dry, it catches easily, burns
readily, and makes a hot fire with but very little smoke, although it is
rapidly consumed.

Output:
Although not as good for a fire as even the poorest
timber it is infinitely better than sage-brush, which, in the absence of
chips, is often the traveler's last resort.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
Although not as good for a fire as even the poorest
timber it is infinitely better than sage-brush, which, in the absence of
chips, is often the traveler's last resort.

Output:
It usually happens that chips are most-abundant in the sheltered
creek-bottoms and near the water-holes, the very situations which
travelers naturally select for their camps.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
It usually happens that chips are most-abundant in the sheltered
creek-bottoms and near the water-holes, the very situations which
travelers naturally select for their camps.

Output:
In these spots the herds
have gathered either for shelter in winter or for water in summer, and
remained in a body for some hours.


Instruction: continue the text below

Input:
In these spots the herds
have gathered either for shelter in winter or for water in summer, and
remained in a body for some hours.

Output:
And now, when the cowboy on the
round-up, the surveyor, or hunter, who must camp out, pitches his tent
in the grassy coulée or narrow creek-bottom, his first care is to start
out with his largest gunning bag to "rustle some buffalo chips" for a
campfire.


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Input:
And now, when the cowboy on the
round-up, the surveyor, or hunter, who must camp out, pitches his tent
in the grassy coulée or narrow creek-bottom, his first care is to start
out with his largest gunning bag to "rustle some buffalo chips" for a
campfire.

Output:
He, at least, when he returns well laden with the spoil of his
humble chase, still has good reason to remember the departed herd with
feelings of gratitude.


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Input:
He, at least, when he returns well laden with the spoil of his
humble chase, still has good reason to remember the departed herd with
feelings of gratitude.

Output:
Thus even the last remains of this most useful
animal are utilized by man in providing for his own imperative wants.


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Input:
Thus even the last remains of this most useful
animal are utilized by man in providing for his own imperative wants.

Output: IX.


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Input: IX.

Output: THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE BISON TO CATTLE-GROWERS.


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Input: THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE BISON TO CATTLE-GROWERS.

Output: _


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Output:
The bison in captivity and domestication._--Almost from time immemorial
it has been known that the American bison takes kindly to captivity,
herds contentedly with domestic cattle, and crosses with them with the
utmost readiness.


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Input:
The bison in captivity and domestication._--Almost from time immemorial
it has been known that the American bison takes kindly to captivity,
herds contentedly with domestic cattle, and crosses with them with the
utmost readiness.

Output:
It was formerly believed, and indeed the tradition
prevails even now to quite an extent, that on account of the hump on the
shoulders a domestic cow could not give birth to a half-breed calf.


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Input:
It was formerly believed, and indeed the tradition
prevails even now to quite an extent, that on account of the hump on the
shoulders a domestic cow could not give birth to a half-breed calf.

Output:
This
belief is entirely without foundation, and is due to theories rather
than facts.


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Input:
This
belief is entirely without foundation, and is due to theories rather
than facts.

Output:
Numerous experiments in buffalo breeding have been made, and the subject
is far from being a new one.


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Input:
Numerous experiments in buffalo breeding have been made, and the subject
is far from being a new one.

Output:
As early as 1701 the Huguenot settlers at
Manikintown, on the James River, a few miles above Richmond, began to
domesticate buffaloes.


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Input:
As early as 1701 the Huguenot settlers at
Manikintown, on the James River, a few miles above Richmond, began to
domesticate buffaloes.

Output:
It is also a matter of historical record that in
1786, or thereabouts, buffaloes were domesticated and bred in captivity
in Virginia, and Albert Gallatin states that in some of the northwestern
counties the mixed breed was quite common.


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Input:
It is also a matter of historical record that in
1786, or thereabouts, buffaloes were domesticated and bred in captivity
in Virginia, and Albert Gallatin states that in some of the northwestern
counties the mixed breed was quite common.

Output:
In 1815 a series of elaborate
and valuable experiments in cross-breeding the buffalo and domestic
cattle was begun by Mr. Robert Wickliffe, of Lexington, Ky., and
continued by him for upwards of thirty years.[49]


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Input:
In 1815 a series of elaborate
and valuable experiments in cross-breeding the buffalo and domestic
cattle was begun by Mr. Robert Wickliffe, of Lexington, Ky., and
continued by him for upwards of thirty years.[49]

Output:
[Note 49: For a full account of Mr. Wickliffe's experiments, written
by himself, see Audubon and Bachman's "Quadrupeds of North America,"
vol.


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Input:
[Note 49: For a full account of Mr. Wickliffe's experiments, written
by himself, see Audubon and Bachman's "Quadrupeds of North America,"
vol.

Output: ii, pp.


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Input: ii, pp.

Output: 52-54.]


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Output:
Quite recently the buffalo-breeding operations of Mr. S. L. Bedson, of
Stony Mountain, Manitoba, and Mr. C. J. Jones, of Garden City, Kans.,
have attracted much attention, particularly for the reason that the
efforts of both these gentlemen have been directed toward the practical
improvement of the present breeds of range cattle.


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Input:
Quite recently the buffalo-breeding operations of Mr. S. L. Bedson, of
Stony Mountain, Manitoba, and Mr. C. J. Jones, of Garden City, Kans.,
have attracted much attention, particularly for the reason that the
efforts of both these gentlemen have been directed toward the practical
improvement of the present breeds of range cattle.

Output:
For this reason the
importance of the work in which they are engaged can hardly be
overestimated, and the results already obtained by Mr. Bedson, whose
experiments antedate those of Mr. Jones by several years, are of the
greatest interest to western cattle-growers.


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Input:
For this reason the
importance of the work in which they are engaged can hardly be
overestimated, and the results already obtained by Mr. Bedson, whose
experiments antedate those of Mr. Jones by several years, are of the
greatest interest to western cattle-growers.

Output:
Indeed, unless the stock of
pure-blood buffaloes now remaining proves insufficient for the purpose,
I fully believe that we will gradually see a great change wrought in the
character of western cattle by the introduction of a strain of buffalo
blood.


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Input:
Indeed, unless the stock of
pure-blood buffaloes now remaining proves insufficient for the purpose,
I fully believe that we will gradually see a great change wrought in the
character of western cattle by the introduction of a strain of buffalo
blood.

Output:
The experiments which have been made thus far prove conclusively that--

(1) The male bison crosses readily with the opposite sex of domestic
cattle, but a buffalo cow has never been known to produce a half-breed
calf.


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Input:
The experiments which have been made thus far prove conclusively that--

(1) The male bison crosses readily with the opposite sex of domestic
cattle, but a buffalo cow has never been known to produce a half-breed
calf.

Output: (2) The domestic cow produces a half-breed calf successfully.


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Input: (2) The domestic cow produces a half-breed calf successfully.

Output:
(3) The progeny of the two species is fertile to any extent, yielding
half-breeds, quarter, three-quarter breeds, and so on.


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Input:
(3) The progeny of the two species is fertile to any extent, yielding
half-breeds, quarter, three-quarter breeds, and so on.

Output: (4) The bison breeds in captivity with perfect regularity and success.


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Input: (4) The bison breeds in captivity with perfect regularity and success.

Output: _


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Output:
Need of an improvement in range cattle._--Ever since the earliest days
of cattle-ranching in the West, stockmen have had it in their power to
produce a breed which would equal in beef-bearing qualities the best
breeds to be found upon the plains, and be so much better calculated to
survive the hardships of winter, that their annual losses would have
been very greatly reduced.


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Input:
Need of an improvement in range cattle._--Ever since the earliest days
of cattle-ranching in the West, stockmen have had it in their power to
produce a breed which would equal in beef-bearing qualities the best
breeds to be found upon the plains, and be so much better calculated to
survive the hardships of winter, that their annual losses would have
been very greatly reduced.

Output:
Whenever there is an unusually severe winter,
such as comes about three times in every decade, if not even oftener,
range cattle perish by thousands.


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Input:
Whenever there is an unusually severe winter,
such as comes about three times in every decade, if not even oftener,
range cattle perish by thousands.

Output:
It is an absolute impossibility for
every ranchman who owns several thousand, or even several hundred, head
of cattle to provide hay for them, even during the severest portion of
the winter season, and consequently the cattle must depend wholly upon
their own resources.


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Input:
It is an absolute impossibility for
every ranchman who owns several thousand, or even several hundred, head
of cattle to provide hay for them, even during the severest portion of
the winter season, and consequently the cattle must depend wholly upon
their own resources.

Output:
When the winter is reasonably mild, and the snows
never very deep, nor lying too long at a time on the ground, the cattle
live through the winter with very satisfactory success.


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Input:
When the winter is reasonably mild, and the snows
never very deep, nor lying too long at a time on the ground, the cattle
live through the winter with very satisfactory success.

Output:
Thanks to the
wind, it usually happens that the falling snow is blown off the ridges
as fast as it falls, leaving the grass sufficiently uncovered for the
cattle to feed upon it.


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Input:
Thanks to the
wind, it usually happens that the falling snow is blown off the ridges
as fast as it falls, leaving the grass sufficiently uncovered for the
cattle to feed upon it.

Output:
If the snow-fall is universal, but not more than
a few inches in depth, the cattle paw through it here and there, and eke
out a subsistence, on quarter rations it may be, until a friendly
chinook wind sets in from the southwest and dissolves the snow as if by
magic in a few hours' time.


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Input:
If the snow-fall is universal, but not more than
a few inches in depth, the cattle paw through it here and there, and eke
out a subsistence, on quarter rations it may be, until a friendly
chinook wind sets in from the southwest and dissolves the snow as if by
magic in a few hours' time.

Output:
But when a deep snow comes, and lies on the ground persistently, week in
and week out, when the warmth of the sun softens and moistens its
surface sufficiently for a returning cold wave to freeze it into a hard
crust, forming a universal wall of ice between the luckless steer and
his only food, the cattle starve and freeze in immense numbers.