MokshithSai15/ClimeAI huggingface dataset:
Claim: President-elect Trump has selected a climate change skeptic to head the team in charge of the transition between Obama and Trump's Environmental Protection Agencies.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign: On May 9, Trump named New Jersey Governor Chris Christie to head a team to plan the transition of the presidency in the event of a Trump victory. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign: President-elect Donald J. Trump today announced the formation of the White House National Trade Council (NTC) and his selection of Dr. Peter Navarro to serve as Assistant to the President and Director of Trade and Industrial Policy. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Mike Pence: Soon after the election, he was appointed chairman of President-elect Trump's transition team. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scott Pruitt: During his January 18, 2017, confirmation hearing to be EPA Administrator, he said that "the climate is changing, and human activity contributes to that in some manner". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scott Pruitt: Head Stacks Agency With Climate Change Skeptics". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Global warming: This is due to the larger heat capacity of oceans and because oceans lose more heat by evaporation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Great Lakes: "Great Lakes water levels reaching record lows". [SUPPORTS]
- Great Lakes: "More recently, evaporation over lakes has steadily been increasing, largely due to increases in water surface temperature," Gronewold said. [SUPPORTS]
- Great Lakes: "Climate change is lowering Great Lakes water levels. [SUPPORTS]
- Great Lakes: In 2013, record low water levels in the Great Lakes were attributed to climate change. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Scientists are "questioning the original idea that man-made global warming is what is causing the climate to change. "
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Global warming: In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. [REFUTES]
- Global warming: "Scientific consensus: Earth's climate is warming". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: It is "extremely likely" that this warming arises from "human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere. [REFUTES]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: The New York Times reported that "the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950". [REFUTES]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases. [REFUTES]
Claim: Scientists project that the Arctic will be ice-free in the summer of 2013.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Arctic Ocean: Research shows that the Arctic may become ice-free in the summer for the first time in human history by 2040. [REFUTES]
- Arctic sea ice decline: "US Navy predicts summer ice free Arctic by 2016". [REFUTES]
- Arctic sea ice decline: Given the estimated trend and the volume estimate for October–November of 2007 at less than 9,000 km3, one can project that at this rate it would take only 9 more years or until 2016 ± 3 years to reach a nearly ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer. [REFUTES]
- Arctic sea ice decline: The Third U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA), released May 6, 2014, reports that the Arctic Ocean is expected to be ice free in summer before mid-century. [REFUTES]
- Arctic sea ice decline: Models that best match historical trends project a nearly ice-free Arctic in the summer by the 2030s. [REFUTES]
Claim: Scotland's climate targets are toughest in the world
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Michael Gove: "UK ivory ban to be 'toughest' in the world". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Renewable energy in Scotland: The following year new targets to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 were announced and then confirmed in the 2009 Climate Change Delivery Plan. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scotland: "Sturgeon signs climate agreement with California". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scotland: Cities such as Glasgow and Edinburgh were targeted by German bombers, as were smaller towns mostly located in the central belt of the country. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scotland: The climate of most of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable., As it is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, such as Labrador, southern Scandinavia, the Moscow region in Russia, and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of Eurasia. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Sen. George LeMieux voted to let oil companies off the hook and overturn pollution rules.
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
- BP: "Big Oil Let Off Hook Days After EU Drops Wall Street Probe". [SUPPORTS]
- United States Environmental Protection Agency: The Environmental Protection Agency has the power to issue regulations. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United States Environmental Protection Agency: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program addresses water pollution by regulating point sources which discharge to US waters. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United States Environmental Protection Agency: Partly based on such litigation experience, Congress enacted the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, better known as the Clean Water Act. [REFUTES]
- United States Environmental Protection Agency: Four years later, in October 1976, Congress passed the Toxic Substances Control Act, which like FIFRA related to commercial products rather than pollution. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Solar panels drain the sun's energy.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Photovoltaics: Solar photovoltaic power generation has long been seen as a clean energy technology which draws upon the planet's most plentiful and widely distributed renewable energy source – the sun. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Renewable energy: Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. [REFUTES]
- Solar energy: Direct Use of the Sun's Energy. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar panel: Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar panel: Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Earth: This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Earth: Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilized by tidal interactions with the Moon. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Global warming: Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. [REFUTES]
- Global warming: As stated in the Convention, this requires that greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can be sustained. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Water on Mars: The Earth is stabilized by its proportionally large moon, so it only wobbles a few degrees. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Tallahassee reduced its carbon intensity by roughly 40 percent.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Coal: A typical bituminous coal may have an ultimate analysis on a dry, ash-free basis of 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Greenhouse gas: Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Greenhouse gas: For example, the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppm to 415 ppm, or 120 ppm over modern pre-industrial levels. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Hurricane Katrina: For example, by 2006 the decreased biomass in bottomland hardwood forests contributed an amount of carbon which equated to roughly 140% of the net annual U.S. carbon sink in forest trees. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Kyoto Protocol and government action: These include a target to reduce the energy intensity of their GDP by 20% during the 2005–10 period. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The 2007's early start to Daylight Saving Time contributed to global warming.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Daylight saving time in the United States: Daylight saving time in the United States is the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour during the warmer part of the year, so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Daylight saving time: In Western Australia during summer 2006–2007, DST increased electricity consumption during hotter days and decreased it during cooler days, with consumption rising 0.6% overall. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Daylight saving time: The 2007 U.S. change conformed to the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start- and end-dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Daylight saving time: Germany led the way by starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on April 30, 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Eastern Time Zone: Later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States, beginning in 2007. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The Business Council, the Minerals Council, the Australian Industry Group, the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, have all called for the [carbon] tax to be repealed.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Carbon tax: The law on carbon tax, also known as the Carbon Pricing Act, was passed on 20 March 2018. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Carbon tax: On 1 July 2012, the Australian Federal government introduced a carbon price of AUD$23 per tonne of emitted CO2-e on selected fossil fuels consumed by major industrial emitters and government bodies such as councils. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Carbon tax: On 17 July 2014, the Abbott Government passed repeal legislation through the Senate, and Australia became the first nation to abolish a carbon tax. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Carbon tax: The County Council repealed the fee in July 2012. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Carbon tax: "Carbon tax is gone: Repeal bills pass the Senate". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The carbon footprint on wind [energy] is significant.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Carbon footprint: Wind power and solar power, emit no carbon from the operation, but do leave a footprint during construction phase and maintenance during operation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Carbon footprint: The CO2 footprint for heat is equally significant and research shows that using waste heat from power generation in combined heat and power district heating, chp/dh has the lowest carbon footprint, much lower than micro-power or heat pumps. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Carbon neutrality: This comes mainly from wind turbines situated right across Orkney Many initiatives seek to assist individuals, businesses and states in reducing their carbon footprint or achieving climate neutrality. [REFUTES]
- Renewable energy: "The 11 Biggest Wind Farms and Wind Power Constructions That Reduce Carbon Footprint". [REFUTES]
- Zero-energy building: Energy, particularly electricity and heating fuel, has a high carbon footprint. [REFUTES]
Claim: The carbon tax is partly to blame for the closure of Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Alcoa: "Alcoa announces closure of Port Henry aluminium smelter". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Alcoa: In June 2013, Alcoa announced it would permanently close its Fusina primary aluminium smelter in Venice, Italy, where production had been curtailed since June 2010. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Alcoa: Two aluminium smelters are also operated in the state of Victoria at Portland and Point Henry; the Point Henry smelter was scheduled to be closed in August 2014. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Point Henry smelter: The Point Henry aluminium smelter was located near Geelong, Victoria in the suburb of Moolap prior to its closure in 2014. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Point Henry smelter: Following a board meeting in February 2014, Alcoa Chief Executive Klaus Kleinfeld announced that the smelter—along with two rolling mills—would close at the end of 2014. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The claim that 97 percent of scientists believe humans are causing climate change has been debunked by the "head" of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Attribution of recent climate change: The study found that 97% of the 489 scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures have risen over the past century. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: 97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: (i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC (Anthropogenic Climate Change) outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The climate-change agreement between the United States and China "requires the Chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference: One part of the agreement pledges US$30 billion to the developing world over the next three years, rising to US$100 billion per year by 2020, to help poor countries adapt to climate change. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- China: It later produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, with one revision that was received by the convention on 21 September 2010. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Donald Trump: "President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: On June 1, 2017, United States President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. would cease all participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: Play media Play media In a televised announcement from the White House Rose Garden on June 1, 2017, Trump said, "In order to fulfill my solemn duty to protect the United States and its citizens, the United States will withdraw from the Paris climate accord," adding "The bottom line is that the Paris accord is very unfair at the highest level to the United States." [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: and three Nobel economic laureates support "direct investment in technology" rather than a carbon tax.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Joseph Stiglitz: He also thinks that the rest of the world should impose a carbon-adjustment tax (a protectionist measure) on American exports that do not comply with global standard. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Leonid Hurwicz: "Three Share Nobel in Economics for Work on Social Mechanisms". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Paul Samuelson: In 2003, Samuelson was one of the ten Nobel Prize–winning economists signing the Economists' statement opposing the Bush tax cuts. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- William Nordhaus: The Yale economist William D. Nordhaus has spent the better part of four decades trying to persuade governments to address climate change, preferably by imposing a tax on carbon emissions. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- William Nordhaus: Many of the news outlets that reported on Nordhaus's prize noted that he was in the advance wave of economists who embraced a carbon tax as a preferred method of carbon pricing. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The EPA director under Obama said the Clean Power Initiative would have no effect on man-made CO2 emissions.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Climate change policy of the United States: In 2014, President Barack Obama proposed a series of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, known as the Clean Power Plan that would reduce carbon pollution from coal-fired power plants. [REFUTES]
- Climate change policy of the United States: In 2015, Obama also announced the Clean Power Plan, which is the final version of regulations originally proposed by the EPA the previous year, and which pertains to carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. [REFUTES]
- Emissions trading: Failing to get Congressional approval for such a scheme, President Barack Obama instead acted through the United States Environmental Protection Agency to attempt to adopt through rulemaking the Clean Power Plan, which does not feature emissions trading. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration: The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating global warming that was first proposed in 2014. [REFUTES]
- Lisa P. Jackson: During her tenure as EPA Administrator, Jackson oversaw the development of stricter fuel efficiency standards and the EPA's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; authorized the recognition of carbon dioxide as a public health threat, granting the EPA authority to set new regulations regarding CO2 emissions; and proposed amending the National Ambient Air Quality Standards to set stricter smog pollution limits. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: the media created the term "polar vortex" and the cold air proves "the ice isn't melting."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Arctic methane emissions: This warm air carries heat to the permafrost around the Arctic, and melts it. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Arctic: "Ice melting across globe at accelerating rate, NASA says." [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Cloud: A cumulonimbus incus cloud top is one that has spread out into a clear anvil shape as a result of rising air currents hitting the stability layer at the tropopause where the air no longer continues to get colder with increasing altitude. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Early 2014 North American cold wave: This phenomenon has been suggested by some to result from the rapid melting of polar sea ice, which replaces white, reflective ice with dark, absorbent open water (i.e., the albedo of this region has decreased). [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Early 2014 North American cold wave: "'Polar vortex' set to bring dangerous, record-breaking cold to much of US". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The most recent survey of climate scientists said about 57 percent don't agree with the idea that 95 percent of the change in the climate is caused by CO2.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Scientific consensus on climate change: Most of the climatic warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: It is extremely likely (95–100% probability) that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951–2010. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: 97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The North Pole is melting "a bit" but the South Pole is getting bigger.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- North Pole: The highest temperature yet recorded is 13 °C (55 °F), much warmer than the South Pole's record high of only −12.3 °C (9.9 °F). [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- North Pole: New warning on Arctic sea ice melt. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- North Pole: "Freak storm pushes North Pole 50 degrees above normal to melting point" – via washingtonpost.com. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- North Pole: Arctic sea ice "faces rapid melt", BBC. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- South Pole: The polar ice sheet is moving at a rate of roughly 10 metres per year in a direction between 37° and 40° west of grid north, down towards the Weddell Sea. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Barack Obama: On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories, and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming. [SUPPORTS]
- Barack Obama: Obama's approach of selectively combining regulation and incentive to various issues in the domestic energy policy, such as coal mining and oil fracking, has received mixed commentary for not being as responsive to the needs of the domestic manufacturing sector as needed, following claims that the domestic manufacturing sector utilizes as much as a third of the nation's available energy resources. [SUPPORTS]
- Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration: The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating global warming that was first proposed in 2014. [SUPPORTS]
- Joe Biden: His negotiations with congressional Republicans helped the Obama administration pass legislation including the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, which resolved a taxation deadlock; the Budget Control Act of 2011, which resolved that year's debt ceiling crisis; and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which addressed the impending fiscal cliff. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Joe Biden: Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress, which was passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]