MokshithSai15/ClimeAI huggingface dataset:
Claim: The Independent Climate Change Email Review found the CRU scientists were unhelpful and unsympathetic to information requesters and at times broke FoI laws.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Climatic Research Unit documents: The Science and Technology Select Committee report blamed the university for mishandling Freedom of Information requests and said it had "found ways to support the culture at CRU of resisting disclosure of information to climate change sceptics". [SUPPORTS]
- Climatic Research Unit documents: The e-mail theft highlighted "the harassment that denialists inflict on some climate-change researchers, often in the form of endless, time-consuming demands for information under the US and UK Freedom of Information Acts. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climatic Research Unit email controversy: Over 95% of the CRU climate data set had been available to the public for several years before July 2009, when the university received numerous FOI requests for raw data or details of the confidentiality agreements from Stephen McIntyre and readers of his Climate Audit blog. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climatic Research Unit email controversy: In addition, the investigation would review CRU's compliance with Freedom of Information Act requests and also "make recommendations about the management, governance and security structures for CRU and the security, integrity and release of the data it holds". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Freedom of Information requests to the Climatic Research Unit: It blamed the university for mishandling Freedom of Information requests, and said it had “found ways to support the culture at CRU of resisting disclosure of information to climate change sceptics”. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Skeptics who oppose scientific findings that threaten their world view are far closer to Galileo's belief-based critics in the Catholic Church.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Creationism: Several religious organizations, among them the Catholic Church, hold that their faith does not conflict with the scientific consensus regarding evolution. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Creation–evolution controversy: Many creationists strongly oppose certain scientific theories in a number of ways, including opposition to specific applications of scientific processes, accusations of bias within the scientific community, and claims that discussions within the scientific community reveal or imply a crisis. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Galileo affair: Galileo's contributions caused difficulties for theologians and natural philosophers of the time, as they contradicted scientific and philosophical ideas based on those of Aristotle and Ptolemy and closely associated with the Catholic Church. [SUPPORTS]
- Galileo affair: Galileo's discoveries were met with opposition within the Catholic Church, and in 1616 the Inquisition declared heliocentrism to be "formally heretical." [SUPPORTS]
- Science and the Catholic Church: An alternative criticism is that the Church opposed particular scientific discoveries that it felt challenged its authority and power – particularly through the Reformation and on through the Enlightenment. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- 2006 Texas gubernatorial election: Perry was re-elected to a second full term in office, winning 39% of the vote to Bell's 30%, Strayhorn's 18% and Friedman's 12%. [SUPPORTS]
- 2006 Texas gubernatorial election: Exit polls revealed that Perry won the Anglo vote with 46%, while Bell got 22%, Strayhorn got 16% and Friedman got 15%. [SUPPORTS]
- Rick Perry 2012 presidential campaign: Further, during a Republican gubernatorial debate in January 2010, when asked if he would commit to serving out his term if re-elected, he replied that "the place hasn't been made yet" where he would rather serve than the governor of Texas. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Rick Perry: Perry has called himself "a firm believer in intelligent design as a matter of faith and intellect", and has expressed support for its teaching alongside evolution in Texas schools, but has also said that "educators and local school officials, not the governor, should determine science curriculum". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Rick Perry: Jeff L. Blackburn, chief counsel of the Innocence Project of Texas, said of Perry that "He has done more good than any other governor we've ever had [...] unless, of course, it involves the death penalty. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Claims that the IPCC does not accurately represent the views and findings of the scientists, on whose work the IPCC reports are based, are not supported by the facts.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: [...] This conclusion is based on a substantial array of scientific evidence, including recent work, and is consistent with the conclusions of recent assessments by the U.S. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The U.S. government was the main force in forming the IPCC as an autonomous intergovernmental body in which scientists took part both as experts on the science and as official representatives of their governments, to produce reports which had the firm backing of all the leading scientists worldwide researching the topic, and which then had to gain consensus agreement from every one of the participating governments. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: This consensus is supported by various studies of scientists' opinions and by position statements of scientific organizations, many of which explicitly agree with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) synthesis reports. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: This report explicitly endorses the IPCC view of attribution of recent climate change as representing the view of the scientific community: The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes is also a reflection of natural variability. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- The Great Global Warming Swindle: The film argues that IPCC reports misrepresent the views of scientists who contribute to them through selective editorialising. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Ironically, it's those who are mispresenting Hulme's paper that are the ones being misleading.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Imagism: This note, along with the appendix note ("The Complete Works of T. S. Hulme") in Pound's book Ripostes (1912), are considered to be the first appearances of the word "Imagiste" (later anglicised to "Imagist") in print. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Imagism: To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Imagism: Imagism refers to the manner of presentation, not to the subject." [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Mike Hulme: He is best known as the author of Why We Disagree About Climate Change published in 2009 by Cambridge University Press and which was named by The Economist in December 2009 as one of their four Books of Year for science and technology. [SUPPORTS]
- Mike Hulme: In 2008, Hulme made a personal statement on what he called the "5 lessons of climate change", as: "climate change is a relative risk, not an absolute one" "climate risks are serious, and we should seek to minimise them" "our world has huge unmet development needs" "our current energy portfolio is not sustainable" "massive and deliberate geo-engineering of the planet is a dubious practice" After the Climatic Research Unit email controversy, he wrote an article for the BBC in which he said: At the very least, the publication of private CRU e-mail correspondence should be seen as a wake-up call for scientists – and especially for climate scientists. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: 'The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change misled the press and public into believing that thousands of scientists backed its claims on manmade global warming, according to Mike Hulme, a prominent climate scientist and IPCC insider.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Global warming controversy: The work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) represents the consensus of the international scientific community on climate change science. [REFUTES]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: There is widespread support for the IPCC in the scientific community, which is reflected in publications by other scientific bodies and experts. [REFUTES]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Criticism of the MBH99 reconstruction in a review paper, which was quickly discredited in the Soon and Baliunas controversy, was picked up by the Bush administration, and a Senate speech by US Republican senator James Inhofe alleged that "manmade global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United Nations: In 1988, the UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), another UN organization, established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which assesses and reports on research on global warming. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Benny Peiser: In 2004, a paper was published in the journal Science by Naomi Oreskes titled Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change. [SUPPORTS]
- Merchants of Doubt: Her work came to public attention in 2004 with the publication of "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change," in Science, in which she wrote that there was no significant disagreement in the scientific community about the reality of global warming from human causes. [SUPPORTS]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: In 2004, the geologist and historian of science Naomi Oreskes summarized a study of the scientific literature on climate change. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: The Working Group I report (WG1) was published in September 2013. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: Naomi Oreskes (December 3, 2004). [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Google Scholar: Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Google Scholar: Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Philosophy of geography: In 2005 the society sponsoring these annual meetings became the International Association for the Study of Environment, Space, and Place, and in 2009 the book series gave way to a peer-reviewed journal, Environment, Space, Place, published semiannually and currently edited by C. Patrick Heidkamp, Troy Paddock, and Christine Petto of Southern Connecticut State University. [REFUTES]
- Philosophy of geography: Three volumes of an annual peer-reviewed journal, Philosophy and Geography, were published by Rowman & Littlefield Press which later became a bi-annual journal published by Carfax publishers. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Web of Science: It was originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and is currently maintained by Clarivate Analytics (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters) A citation index is built on the fact that citations in science serve as linkages between similar research items, and lead to matching or related scientific literature, such as journal articles, conference proceedings, abstracts, etc. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: For example, geothermal energy is available at all times, concentrated solar thermal energy has storage capability, and wind energy can be stored in compressed air.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Concentrated solar power: The thermal storage capacity is indicated in hours of power generation at nameplate capacity. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Concentrated solar power: CSP with thermal storage systems are also available using Brayton cycle with air instead of steam for generating electricity and/or steam round the clock. [SUPPORTS]
- Concentrated solar power: A CSP plant can incorporate thermal energy storage, which stores energy either in the form of sensible heat, or as latent heat (for example, using molten salt), which enables these plants to continue to generate electricity whenever it is needed, day or night. [SUPPORTS]
- Solar power: Concentrated solar power plants may use thermal storage to store solar energy, such as in high-temperature molten salts. [SUPPORTS]
- Thermal energy storage: Presently, this is a commercially used technology to store the heat collected by concentrated solar power (e.g., from a solar tower or solar trough). [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Renewable energy in Kenya: Geothermal power has the potential to provide reliable, cost-competitive, baseload power with a small carbon footprint, and reduces vulnerability to climate by diversifying power supply away from hydropower, which currently provides the majority of Kenya’s electricity. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Renewable energy: Low temperature Geothermal (generally referred to as "GHP") is an increasingly important renewable technology because it both reduces total annual energy loads associated with heating and cooling, and it also flattens the electric demand curve eliminating the extreme summer and winter peak electric supply requirements. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Renewable energy: EGS and HDR technologies, such as hydrothermal geothermal, are expected to be baseload resources which produce power 24 hours a day like a fossil plant. [SUPPORTS]
- Variable renewable energy: Firm capacity is the amount of power that can be guaranteed to be provided as base power. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Variable renewable energy: Some renewable electricity sources have identical variability to coal-fired power stations, so they are base-load, and can be integrated into the electricity supply system without any additional back-up. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Trenberth's views are clarified in the paper "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy".
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Climatic Research Unit documents: "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy". [SUPPORTS]
- Earth Summit 2002: The Declaration on the Human Environment also known as the Stockholm Declaration set out the principles for various international environmental issues, including human rights, natural resource management, pollution prevention and the relationship between the environment and development. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Global warming: Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Kevin E. Trenberth: In a 2013 scientific paper in Geophysical Research Letters, Trenberth and co-authors presented an observation-based reanalysis of global ocean temperatures. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Kevin E. Trenberth: In a 2009 paper, "An imperative for climate change planning: tracking Earth's global energy", Trenberth discussed the distribution of heat and how it was affected by climate forcing, including greenhouse gas changes. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim:  As it happens, the writer of that October 2009 e-mail—Kevin Trenberth, a lead author of the warmist bible, the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report—told Congress two years ago that evidence for manmade warming is "unequivocal.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Global warming: IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers 2013, p. 4: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. [SUPPORTS]
- Kevin E. Trenberth: He was a lead author of the 2001 and 2007 IPCC Scientific Assessment of Climate Change (see IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) and serves on the Scientific Steering Group for the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program. [SUPPORTS]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: In October 2009, the leaders of 18 US scientific societies and organizations sent an open letter to the United States Senate reaffirming the scientific consensus that climate change is occurring and is primarily caused by human activities. [SUPPORTS]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06). [SUPPORTS]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: The New York Times reported that "the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950". [SUPPORTS]
Claim: He claimed "the planet is running a ’fever’ and the prognosis is that it is apt to get much worse."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Dengue fever: "The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Dysentery: If the disease is left untreated, the prognosis varies with the immune status of the individual patient and the severity of disease. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Prognosis: Prognosis (Greek: πρόγνωσις "fore-knowing, foreseeing") is a medical term for predicting the likely or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain stable over time; expectations of quality of life, such as the ability to carry out daily activities; the potential for complications and associated health issues; and the likelihood of survival (including life expectancy). [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scarlet fever: The improvement in prognosis can be attributed to the use of penicillin in the treatment of this disease. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scarlet fever: "Scarlet fever, a disease of yore, is making a comeback in parts of the world". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Climatic Research Unit email controversy: Here is the quote: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't." [SUPPORTS]
- Global warming hiatus: In January 2013 James Hansen and colleagues published their updated analysis that temperatures had continued at a high level despite strong La Niña conditions, and said the "5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing", noting "that the 10 warmest years in the record all occurred since 1998." [SUPPORTS]
- Hurricane Sandy: Global climate change has contributed to the higher sea surface and ocean temperatures, and a warmer and moister atmosphere, and its effects are in the range of 5 to 10%. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Kevin E. Trenberth: This was associated with a change of surface winds over the Pacific which had caused ocean heat to penetrate below 700m depth and had contributed to the apparent global warming hiatus in surface temperatures during the previous decade. [SUPPORTS]
- Kevin E. Trenberth: In an interview, Trenberth said, "The planet is warming", but "the warmth just isn't being manifested at the surface." [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Heat is continuing to build up in the subsurface ocean.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Heat wave: The end result is a continual build-up of heat at the surface that people experience as a heat wave. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Ocean: Titan is thought to have a subsurface liquid-water ocean under the ice in addition to the hydrocarbon mix that forms atop its outer crust. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Ocean: Underneath the thick atmospheres of the planets Uranus and Neptune, it is expected that these planets are composed of oceans of hot high-density fluid mixtures of water, ammonia and other volatiles. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Ocean: Surface heat and freshwater fluxes create global density gradients that drive the thermohaline circulation part of large-scale ocean circulation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Ocean: It plays an important role in supplying heat to the polar regions, and thus in sea ice regulation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Wu et al (2010) use a new method to calculate ice sheet mass balance.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Geoid: "Interannual variations of the mass balance of the Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets from GRACE". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Post-glacial rebound: "A method of combining ICESat and GRACE satellite data to constrain Antarctic mass balance". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Retreat of glaciers since 1850: The mass balance, or difference between accumulation and ablation (melting and sublimation), of a glacier is crucial to its survival. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sea level rise: "A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sea level rise: A combination of satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance suggests the overall mass balance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet was relatively steady or slightly positive for much of the period 1992–2017. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: "Rapid loss of ice-mass from the glaciers of Greenland and Antarctica are  cited as proof positive of global warming's onslaught.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Climate change (general concept): Land ice sheets in both Antarctica and Greenland have been losing mass since 2002 and have seen an acceleration of ice mass loss since 2009. [SUPPORTS]
- Ice sheet: The Greenland, and possibly the Antarctic, ice sheets have been losing mass recently, because losses by ablation including outlet glaciers exceed accumulation of snowfall. [SUPPORTS]
- Retreat of glaciers since 1850: "Increasing rates of ice mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets revealed by GRACE". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Retreat of glaciers since 1850: Since 1980, a significant global warming has led to glacier retreat becoming increasingly rapid and ubiquitous, so much so that some glaciers have disappeared altogether, and the existences of many of the remaining glaciers are threatened. [SUPPORTS]
- Retreat of glaciers since 1850: "Sharply increased mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in theCanadian Arctic Archipelago". [SUPPORTS]