MokshithSai15/ClimeAI huggingface dataset:
Claim: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Electricity generation: Recent advances in manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Florida: It is estimated that approximately 4% of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Presidency of Donald Trump: The administration enacted 30% tariffs on imported solar panels. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar power in Florida: In 2006, the State of Florida enacted the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, which provided consumers with rebates and tax credits for solar photovoltaic systems. [REFUTES]
- Solar power in Florida: Developers in Florida have announced the addition of solar panels on all new homes in several subdivisions. [REFUTES]
Claim: Despite attention on global warming, "fewer Americans carpool today to work than carpooled in 1980" and "SUVs have never been a larger proportion of the vehicles being sold in this country."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Sport utility vehicle: By 2003 there were 76 million SUVs and light trucks on U.S. roads, representing approximately 35% of the vehicles on the road. [SUPPORTS]
- Sport utility vehicle: In 2019, the International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that the global number of SUVs and crossovers on the road multiplied by six since 2010 — from 35 million to 200 million vehicles, and their market share has grown to 40 percent of worldwide new light vehicle sales at the end of the decade. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sport utility vehicle: In 2015, global sales of SUVs overtook the "lower medium car" segment, to become the largest market segment, accounting for 22.9% of "light vehicle" sales in 2015. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sport utility vehicle: The SUV segment further grew to 26% of the global passenger car market in 2016, then to 36.8% of the market in Q1–Q3 of 2017. [SUPPORTS]
- Sport utility vehicle: "SUVs Become the Largest and Fastest-Growing Automotive Segment in 2015". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Climate change denial: Donald Trump tweeted in 2012 that the Chinese invented "the concept of global warming" because they believed it would somehow hurt U.S. manufacturing. [SUPPORTS]
- Donald Trump: "With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Donald Trump: Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. [SUPPORTS]
- Global warming conspiracy theory: "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive" (Tweet). [SUPPORTS]
- Global warming conspiracy theory: In 2012, Donald Trump claimed that "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive." [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Climate change denial: "NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climate change policy of the United States: Donald Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has said that "climate change is a hoax invented by and for Chinese." [SUPPORTS]
- Donald Trump: Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. [SUPPORTS]
- United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: Trump is a climate change skeptic, who in 2012 tweeted that he believed the concept of global warming was created by China in order to impair American competitiveness. [SUPPORTS]
- United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: "Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China". [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Donald Trump signed an executive order naming climate change as a threat "both to the economy and national security."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Climate change policy of the United States: An executive order was issued by President Trump on January 24, 2017 that removed barriers from the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipelines, making it easier for the companies sponsoring them to continue with production. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climate change policy of the United States: On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order aimed towards boosting the coal industry. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Donald Trump: "Executive Order Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Donald Trump: "LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency: On January 25, Trump signed an executive order, "Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States", to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General and their departments and agencies to increase the enforcement of immigration laws which included the hiring of 10,000 "additional immigration officers". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3Â°C to 1.1Â°C
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
- Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere: Following the start of the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO 2 concentration increased to over 400 parts per million and continues to increase, causing the phenomenon of global warming. [SUPPORTS]
- Climate change feedback: The higher CO2 levels led to an additional climate warming ranging between 0.1° and 1.5 °C. [SUPPORTS]
- Climate sensitivity: Without feedbacks the radiative forcing of approximately 3.7 W/m2, due to doubling CO 2 from the pre-industrial 280 ppm, would eventually result in roughly 1 °C global warming. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climate sensitivity: The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2. [REFUTES]
- Global warming: Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: During "the recent global warming summit in Copenhagen, Nancy Pelosi and others stayed at a five-star hotel on a trip costing nearly $10,000 per person."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The document was subtitled as "The Copenhagen Agreement" and proposes measures to keep average global temperature rises to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference: An article by Gerald Traufetter for Spiegel Online described the Copenhagen summit as a "political disaster," and asserted that the US and China "joined forces to stymie every attempt by European nations to reach agreement." [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climatic Research Unit email controversy: "A controversy over leaked e-mails exchanged among global warming scientists is part of a 'smear campaign' to derail next month's United Nations climate summit in Copenhagen, one of the scientists, meteorologist Michael Mann, said Tuesday...Climate change sceptics 'don't have the science on their side any more, so they've resorted to a smear campaign to distract the public from the reality of the problem and the need to confront it head-on in Copenhagen' said Mann"; Feldman, Stacy (25 November 2009). [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Copenhagen Airport: In 2001 the five-star Hilton hotel opened with 382 rooms. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Scientific consensus on climate change: The New York Times reported that "the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: During a state House debate on a jobs and energy bill this week, Democrats offered an amendment that would put the Legislature on record saying that climate change is real and that humans are causing it.
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
- Debbie Stabenow: Stabenow's proposed amendment to keep the Environmental Protection Agency from regulating greenhouse gas emissions for two years also drew criticism. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- John Kasich: In a speech in April 2012, Kasich acknowledged that climate change is real and is a problem. [SUPPORTS]
- Marco Rubio: He disputes the scientific understanding of climate change, arguing that human activity does not play a major role in global warming and that proposals to address climate change would be ineffective and economically harmful. [REFUTES]
- Republican Party (United States): From 2008 to 2017, the Republican Party went from "debating how to combat human-caused climate change to arguing that it does not exist", according to The New York Times. [REFUTES]
- Republican Party (United States): In January 2015, the Republican-led U.S. Senate voted 98–1 to pass a resolution acknowledging that "climate change is real and is not a hoax"; however, an amendment stating that "human activity significantly contributes to climate change" was supported by only five Republican senators. [REFUTES]
Claim: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Abbott Government: 2013 Election Launching his campaign for the 2013 Election, Tony Abbott outlined the economic priorities of the Coalition, promising to tackle government debt, eliminate "waste" in government expenditure, and decrease taxes which place a burden on industry and business: We'll build a stronger economy so everyone can get ahead. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Abbott Government: We'll scrap the carbon tax so your family will be $550 a year better off. [SUPPORTS]
- Abbott Government: He committed to abolishing the carbon tax, to bring down power and gas prices, and to abolishing the mining tax to increase investment and employment. [SUPPORTS]
- Abbott Government: Labor and the Greens opposed the Coalition's promised abolition of carbon pricing, and the introduction of "direct action" carbon-reduction policies, but the Government secured cross bench support for the repeal of the tax in July 2014. [SUPPORTS]
- Tony Abbott: On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Electricity rates are 40 percent higher in states that have required utility companies to use a certain amount of renewable energy such as solar power.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Carbon tax: In addition to creating incentives for energy conservation, a carbon tax would put renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and geothermal on a more competitive footing, stimulating their growth. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Energy policy of the United States: A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a mandate that requires electricity providers to supply to their customers a minimum amount of power from renewable sources, usually as a percentage of total energy use. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Smart grid: Smart grid technology is a necessary condition for very large amounts of renewable electricity on the grid for this reason. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar power: Also, Renewable portfolio standards impose a government mandate that utilities generate or acquire a certain percentage of renewable power regardless of increased energy procurement costs. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Wind power in the United States: Renewable portfolio standards require renewable energy to exist (most of them intermittent such as wind and solar), but at the expense of utilities and consumers. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Austin, Texas: The new city hall, built from recycled materials, has solar panels in its garage. [SUPPORTS]
- Baltimore: The wheel moves continuously, removing garbage and dumping it into an attached dumpster using only hydro and solar renewable power to keep its wheel turning. [SUPPORTS]
- Gainesville, Florida: The FIT allowed small businesses and homeowners to supply electricity into the municipal power grid and paid a premium for the clean, on-site generated solar electricity. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- MetLife Stadium: "MetLife Stadium Solar Ring lighted with a programmable, customizable multi-color LED array". [SUPPORTS]
- MetLife Stadium: The Solar Ring consists of 1,350 building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solar panels assembled into 47 individual frames. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Florida: The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $345 billion as of 2017[update]. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Florida: "Top 50 Water Ports by Tonnage—Bureau of Transportation Statistics". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Florida: As of 2013[update], Port Tampa Bay ranks 16th in the United States by tonnage in domestic trade, 32nd in foreign trade, and 22nd in total trade. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Florida: If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018[update]. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Georgia (U.S. state): For the five years through November 2017, Georgia has been ranked the top state (number 1) in the nation to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for business and labor climate in the nation, number 1 in business climate in the nation, number 1 in the nation in workforce training and as having a "Best in Class" state economic development agency. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: Germany managed to increase its use of renewables and its output of carbon dioxide at the same time -- because it resorted to cheap coal to keep the lights on at a price its people could afford.
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Carbon dioxide: In particular, the use of renewable energy for production of fuels from CO 2 (such as methanol) is attractive as this could result in fuels that could be easily transported and used within conventional combustion technologies but have no net CO 2 emissions. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Electricity generation: Many governments around the world provide subsidies to offset the higher cost of any new power production, and to make the installation of renewable energy systems economically feasible. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Germany: It also enforces energy conservation, green technologies, emission reduction activities, and aims to meet the country's electricity demands using 40% renewable sources by 2020. [SUPPORTS]
- Solar power: Both solar power and wind power are variable renewable energy, meaning that all available output must be taken whenever it is available by moving through transmission lines to where it can be used now. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sustainable energy: As a result, despite energy efficiency gains, total energy use and related carbon emissions have continued to increase. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . .
Verdict: SUPPORTS
Evidence:
- Effects of global warming on human health: Flooding creates more standing water for mosquitoes to breed; as well, shown that these vectors are able to feed more and grow faster in warmer climates. [SUPPORTS]
- Effects of global warming on human health: When temperature rises, the larvae take a shorter time to mature and, consequently, there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring. [SUPPORTS]
- Effects of global warming on human health: The hotter and wetter a climate is, the faster the mosquitoes can mature and the faster the disease can develop. [SUPPORTS]
- Zika fever: Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Zika virus: However, rising global temperatures would allow for the disease vector to expand their range further north, allowing Zika to follow. [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Gov. Palin ... is somebody who actually doesn't believe that climate change is man-made.
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
- Climate change (general concept): Climate change means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sarah Palin: A changing environment will affect Alaska more than any other state...I'm not one though who would attribute it to being man-made Goldman, Russell (September 11, 2008). [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Sarah Palin: Palin considers herself a conservationist and during the 2008 campaign demonstrated her skepticism about global warming politics, saying "of global warming, climate change, whether it's entirely, wholly caused by man's activities or is part of the cyclical nature of our planet...John McCain and I agree that we have to make sure that we're doing all we can to cut down on pollution." [REFUTES]
- Sarah Palin: After the election and the Climategate scandal, Palin spoke at a 2010 California logging conference calling studies supporting global climate change as "snake oil science". [SUPPORTS]
Claim: Greg Hunt CSIRO research shows carbon emissions can be reduced by 20 per cent over 40 years using nature, soils and trees.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Carbon sink: To further reduce U.S. carbon dioxide emissions by 7%, as stipulated by the Kyoto Protocol, would require the planting of "an area the size of Texas [8% of the area of Brazil] every 30 years". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climate change mitigation: Almost 20 percent (8 GtCO2/year) of total greenhouse-gas emissions were from deforestation in 2007. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Climate change mitigation: It is estimated that increasing the carbon content of the soils in the world's 3.5 billion hectares of agricultural grassland by 1% would offset nearly 12 years of CO2 emissions. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Global warming: There is a large potential for future reductions in emissions by a combination of activities, including energy conservation and increased energy efficiency; the use of low-carbon energy technologies, such as renewable energy, nuclear energy, and carbon capture and storage; decarbonizing buildings and transport; and enhancing carbon sinks through, for example, reforestation and preventing deforestation. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Reforestation: "Ireland to Plant 440 Million Trees in 20 Years to Fight Climate Change". [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Solar power: A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 400 litres (105 US gal) of water consumption monthly. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar power: A hybrid wet/dry cooling system could reduce water consumption by 32 to 58 percent. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar water heating: In the temperate scenario this is sufficient to heat 200 litres of water by some 17 °C. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar water heating: When combined with storage, large scale solar heating can provide 50-97% of annual heat consumption for district heating. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Water heating: These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped
Verdict: DISPUTED
Evidence:
- Climate change adaptation: Potential effects include sea level rise of 110 to 770 mm (0.36 to 2.5 feet) between 1990 and 2100, repercussions to agriculture, possible slowing of the thermohaline circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, and the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Among other findings, the report concluded that sea level rises could be up to two feet higher by the year 2100, even if efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to limit global warming are successful; coastal cities across the world could see so-called "storm[s] of the century" at least once a year. [REFUTES]
- Physical impacts of climate change: Instead of a global 5-meter sea level rise, western Antarctica would experience approximately 25 centimeters of sea level fall, while the United States, parts of Canada, and the Indian Ocean, would experience up to 6.5 meters of sea level rise. [SUPPORTS]
- Providence, Rhode Island: Providence is home to a 1,200-acre (4.9 km2) park system, notably Waterplace Park and Riverwalk, Roger Williams Park, Roger Williams National Memorial, and Prospect Terrace Park. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Waterplace Park: Waterplace Park is an urban park situated along the Woonasquatucket River in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: If we got solar energy from "an area of the Southwestern desert 100 miles on a side, that would be enough, in and of itself, to provide 100 percent of all the electricity needs for the United States of America in a full year."
Verdict: NOT_ENOUGH_INFO
Evidence:
- Solar energy: The 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar energy: In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Solar energy: His plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United States: The United States energy market is about 29,000 terawatt hours per year. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- United States: The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
Claim: In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal.
Verdict: REFUTES
Evidence:
- Coal: The largest and most long term effect of coal use is the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes climate change and global warming. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Greenhouse gas: Although much less polluting than coal plants, natural gas-fired power plants are also major emitters. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Natural gas: Because burning natural gas produces both water and carbon dioxide, it produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy released than coal, which produces mostly carbon dioxide. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]
- Shale gas: In this new report, the EPA concluded that shale gas emits larger amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, than does conventional gas, but still far less than coal. [REFUTES]
- Shale gas: Shale gas worse than coal for three impacts and better than renewables for four. [NOT_ENOUGH_INFO]