Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Set-up and methods for SiPM Photo-Detection Efficiency measurements

In this work, a compact set-up and three different methods to measure the Photo-Detection Efficiency (PDE) of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are presented. The methods, based on either continuous or pulsed light illumination, are discussed in detail and compared in terms of measurement precision and time. For the SiPM, these methods have the feature of minimizing the effect of both the primary and correlated noise on the PDE estimation. The PDE of SiPMs (produced at FBK, Trento, Italy) was measured in a range from UV to NIR, obtaining similar results with all the methods. Furthermore, the advantages of measuring, when possible, the PDE of SPADs (of the same technology and with the same layout of a single SiPM cell) instead of larger devices are also discussed and a direct comparison between measurement results is shown. Using a SPAD, it is possible to reduce the measurement complexity and uncertainty since the correlated noise sources are reduced with respect to the SiPM case.
Calibrating the model parameters in pricing using the trust region method

Abstract In this paper, we aim to calibration pricing models from market prices. We investigate the problem of calibrating the parameters using the trust region method from given price data. We start with the Hull–White model and formulate the problem by obtaining the first kind integral equation, and then consider the parameter recovery problem of the Black–Scholes model. We apply trust region algorithm for numerical retrieval problems. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the feasibility of our proposed method.
Medicinal effects of microbubble bath on atopic eczema and psoriasis vulgaris

The incidence of atopic eczema in the population reaches generally up to 25%. Skin dis-eases such as Atopic eczema and Psoriasis vulgaris are a worldwide problem. Use of topi-cal corticosteroids is the first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis flare-ups. Last individual case studies led to the hypothesis: Baths with microbubbles in tap water can significantly support the treatment of skin diseases. Microbubbles penetrate deep into the skin pores. Micro implosions occur on the pore walls, which mechanically affect nerve endings and vascular microcapillaries. In addition, due to the implosion of microbubbles, the mechan-ical effect leads to an increased release and flushing of substances contained in the skin pores. A total of 30 patients were selected for the study, of which 15 were included in the Study Group and 15 in the Control Group. The effects were monitored on the objectively evaluable dermatological calculators PASI, EASI, SCORAD, and DLQI Score, Quality of life, and Number and condition of foci. The project responded to the hypothesis that mi-crobubbles in the water phase, produced by special generators, in the size range of 1-100 µm, may in the future become a fundamental innovation in balneological treatment in the form of new treatment procedures.
Steady-State Analysis of a Two Dimensional Model for Tumor Angiogenesis in the Absence of Endothelial Cell Proliferation

This paper is an extension of the work done in [S. Pamuk, Qualitative Analysis of a Mathematical Model for Capillary Formation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 13 (1) (2003) 19-33] to a further 2D-mathematical analysis of a model for tumor angiogenesis in the absence of endothelial cell proliferation term. We actually obtain the long time dynamics of endothelial cells in the extra cellular matrix under some assumptions and using the results of a 1D-mathematical analysis. Also, the stability of the steady-state solution is studied. Some figures obtained from the numerical results are presented.
Formulation and implementation of stress‐driven and/or strain‐driven computational homogenization for finite strain

In this paper, we present a homogenization approach that can be used in the geometrically nonlinear regime for stress‐driven and strain‐driven homogenization and even a combination of both. Special attention is paid to the straightforward implementation in combination with the finite‐element method. The formulation follows directly from the principle of virtual work, the periodic boundary conditions, and the Hill–Mandel principle of macro‐homogeneity. The periodic boundary conditions are implemented using the Lagrange multiplier method to link macroscopic strain to the boundary displacements of the computational model of a representative volume element. We include the macroscopic strain as a set of additional degrees of freedom in the formulation. Via the Lagrange multipliers, the macroscopic stress naturally arises as the associated ‘forces’ that are conjugate to the macroscopic strain ‘displacements’. In contrast to most homogenization schemes, the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress and Green–Lagrange strain have been chosen for the macroscopic stress and strain measures in this formulation. The usage of other stress and strain measures such as the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress and the deformation gradient is discussed in the Appendix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Audit Quality Framework’s Input Factors: An Islamic Perspective

The International Federation of Accountants issued the Audit Quality Framework (AQF) in 2014. This framework portrays the factors that enable a quality audit as a systematic process. This paper provides an Islamic perspective to the AQF, specifically on the input factors. Since the analysis is from an Islamic viewpoint, primary Islamic sources are referred to. Moreover, a diagram of the main characteristics is included for simplification. The analysis reveals that although the AQF is reasonably comprehensive, there are some other considerations that Muslim auditors must make in performing an audit of quality, for example their intention. Then, the qualities of ‘morality’ and ‘proficiency’, have augmented significance compared to the original AQF. The proposed model could be useful to regulators and audit firms in Muslim countries. Also, these factors should be considered by Muslim auditors and practiced. Furthermore, researchers could test the model empirically in future.
3-Lie Algebras and Cubic Matrices

The realization of n-Lie algebras is very important in the study of the structure of n-Lie algebras for n ≥ 3. This paper considers the realizations of 3-Lie algebras by cubic matrices. First, the trace function tr1 of cubic matrices is defined, and then the 3-ary Lie multiplication [, , ]tr1 on the vector space â¦ spanned by cubic matrices is constructed, and the structure of the 3-Lie algebra (â¦, [, , ]tr1 ) is investigated. It is proved that (â¦, [, , ]tr1 ) is a decomposable 3-Lie algebra, and there does not exist any metric on it.
Rotor, Bearing and Dynamic Equations in Energy Storage Flywheels for Vehicles

Energy storage systems for vehicles present significant challenges for rotor and bearing design. This paper discusses rotor and bearing design technology in energy storage flywheels for vehicles, with particular emphasis on orientation of flywheel rotors, rotor geometry and magnetic bearings. Material, rotational speed and geometry are mainly factors of flywheel rotor design. In order to achieve an attractive specific energy, the rotor speed should be as high as possible. The bearings must be capable of extremely high speed, have very low friction, and be stiff to adequately constrain the rotor, have long life, and have high load capacity. These requirements frequently lead to choosing magnetic bearings for Flywheel Energy Storage System applications. A flywheel energy storage system prototype with active magnetic bearings was designed. The flywheel was suspended by the permanent magnetic bearings and stabilized by the active magnetic bearing. Finally, we deduce differential equations of the magnetic suspended flywheel for the design of control system.
Technical Note: Derivation and interpretation of the MilkBot lactation model

The MilkBot model is a nonlinear lactation model in which parameter values are directly interpretable in terms of shape and magnitude of the lactation curve. The theoretical-mechanistic derivation of the MilkBot model is explained, along with consequent interpretations of parameter values and a brief review of types and applications of lactation models. Mathematical formulas for calculating persistence, peak milk, and M305 are presented, and a brief discussion of fitting methods.
Dualities in Koszul graded Artin-Schelter Gorenstein algebras

The paper is dedicated to the study of certain non commutative graded Artin-Schelter Gorenstein algebras Λ. The main result of the paper is that for Koszul algebras Λ with Yoneda algebra Γ, such that both Λ and Γ are graded Artin-Schelter Gorenstein noetherian of finite local cohomology dimension on both sides, there are dualities of triangulated categories: grΛ[Ω−1]∼=Db(QgrΓ) and grΓ[Ω−1]∼=Db(QgrΛ) where, QgrΓ is the category of tails, this is: the category of finitely generated graded modules grΓ divided by the modules of finite length, and D(QgrΓ) the corresponding derived category and grΛ[Ω−1] the stabilization of the category of finetely generated graded Λ-modules, module the finetely generated projective modules. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 16E65, Secondary 16E40
Sur les surfaces à courbure constante négative

© Bulletin de la S. M. F. , 1909, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Bulletin de la S. M. F. » (http://smf. emath.fr/Publications/Bulletin/Presentation.html) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
Homologie des anneaux de Lie

© Gauthier-Villars (Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier), 1957, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales scientifiques de l’É. N.S. » (http://www. elsevier.com/locate/ansens) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
Time evolution of an agent-driven network model

We present a new approach to the study of networks where the formation of links is driven by unilateral initiative of nodes. First, we propose a mathematical description of the extreme introvert and extrovert model (XIE), a dynamic network model in which the number of links fluctuates over time according to the degree-preferences of nodes. Second, we introduce a generalization of the model in which intermittent states can make the evolution of connectivity slower. In this class of networks, system evolution has nodes which can either create or destroy links according to their target attitudes. This model belongs to a class of networks not based on the rationale of linking probability between pair of nodes, but it is based on the initiative of the single units when they act. We select the minimal case of a bipartite network where we have two groups of nodes, each group has nodes with a given capability to bear links. One group (high-target) is composed by nodes that create as many links as possible, the extroverts. The other group (low-target) is composed by nodes that delete as many links as possible, i.e. the introverts. We here provide a novel analytical formulation of the system evolution through coupled Master Equations for the two interacting populations, recovering the steady state degree distributions and a new analytical description of the transient dynamics to the equilibrium. Moreover, we provide numerical evidence supporting the existence of an extreme Thouless effect in this model, i.e. a mixed-phase transition at which the order parameter, here given by the network connectivity, displays a discontinuous jump and large dynamic fluctuations. Fluctuations are also shown to be connected to a peak in degree correlation at the transition, corresponding to same size populations of extroverts and introverts.
FakeKG: A Knowledge Graph of Fake Claims for Improving Automated Fact-Checking (Student Abstract)

False information could be dangerous if the claim is not debunked timely. Fact-checking organisations get a high volume of claims on different topics with immense velocity. The efficiency of the fact-checkers decreases due to 3V problems volume, velocity and variety. Especially during crises or elections, fact-checkers cannot handle user requests to verify the claim. Until now, no real-time curable centralised corpus of fact-checked articles is available. Also, the same claim is fact-checked by multiple fact-checking organisations with or without judgement. To fill this gap, we introduce FakeKG: A Knowledge Graph-Based approach for improving Automated Fact-checking. FakeKG is a centralised knowledge graph containing fact-checked articles from different sources that can be queried using the SPARQL endpoint. The proposed FakeKG can prescreen claim requests and filter them if the claim is already fact-checked and provide a judgement to the claim. It will also categorise the claim's domain so that the fact-checker can prioritise checking the incoming claims into different groups like health and election. This study proposes an approach for creating FakeKG and its future application for mitigating misinformation.
Liquid-crystal-droplet optical microcavities

ABSTRACT The use of liquid-crystal droplets as optical microcavities and lasers is reviewed and possible applications are discussed. Liquid-crystal droplets are prepared by simple methods that enable scalable production since their internal structure is formed by self-assembly. Light is trapped in droplets due to total internal reflection on the surface due to refractive index mismatch or because of a photonic bandgap structure in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs). Light confinement gives rise to a variety of optical modes and by employing a fluorescent dye end external optical pumping, lasing can be achieved. Liquid-crystal-droplet cavities are largely tunable by applying an electric field or a temperature change. Such cavities can be used as temperature and chemical sensors, and tunable light sources and filters in future integrated soft photonic circuits. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Avaliação das exposições dos envolvidos em procedimentos Intervencionistas usando método Monte Carlo

This study presents a computational model of exposure of a patient, cardiologist and a nurse in a typical scenario of cardiac interventional procedures. In this case, a set of conversion coefficients (CC) for effective dose (E) in terms of the kerma-area product (KAP) was calculated for the individuals involved, using seven different energy spectra and eight beam projections. We also calculated the CC for the skin entrance dose (ESD) of the patient normalized by PKA. All individuals were represented by anthropomorphic computer simulators embedded in a radiation transport code based on Monte Carlo simulation.
Extreme ultraviolet transient gratings

ABSTRACT The recent construction of free electron lasers allows extending laboratory-based laser experiments to shorter wavelengths, accessing wavevectors typical of nanoscale dynamics and adding element and chemical state specificity by exploiting electronic transitions from core levels. The high pulse energies available ensure that this new wavelength range can be advantageously used for nonlinear optics, as in the pioneering case of transient grating spectroscopy: a time-resolved four-wave mixing technique in which two pump pulses are crossed at the sample to generate a spatially periodic excitation whose dynamics is monitored via diffraction of a probe pulse. We will show how extreme ultraviolet photon pulses have been successfully deployed in the last seven years to carry out transient grating experiments, mainly performed at the FERMI free electron laser, addressing a variety of scientific questions, ranging from the study of thermal transport in semiconductors approaching the ballistic regime to the modelling of ultrafast demagnetization at the nanoscale. We will also discuss possible future developments of the transient grating method specifying the impact this could have in various fields of scientific research ranging from molecular chirality to spintronics.
Performance analysis in delayed nonlinear bilateral teleoperation systems by force estimation algorithm

This paper establishes a novel control strategy for a nonlinear bilateral teleoperation system with time delay. Besides position and velocity signals, force signals are additionally utilized in the control scheme. This modification significantly improves the poor transparency during contact with the environment. To eliminate the external force measurement, a force estimation algorithm is proposed for the master and slave robots. The closed loop stability of the nonlinear teleoperation system with the proposed control scheme is investigated through the Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, it is theoretically and experimentally proved that force reflection occurs and transparency is enhanced simultaneously. Consequently, experimental results verify the efficiency of the new control scheme in free motion and during collision of the slave robot with the environment.
Motivational Factors that Influence the Course Completion Rate of Massive Open Online Courses in South Africa

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have increased access to higher education by allowing South Africans to access free, online-based, open content created by higher education institutions worldwide. However, most MOOCs report significant student drop-out rates before completing a course. Higher education institutions must understand learner motivation for completing a MOOC. This paper examines the motivational factors influencing the completion rate of MOOCs in South Africa. This study employed a quantitative approach to collect data using an online questionnaire from South African respondents. A total number of 3147 responses were recorded, and the data were analyzed with SPSS V28. Correlation statistics tests were used to denote the association between the four independent variables and the dependent variable. The study's most important findings are that intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors, motivation to continue, and the availability of resources positively impact a MOOC's completion rate. The study concludes that these factors will improve the throughput rate of MOOCs. It is recommended that all higher education institutions that offer MOOCs create a conducive online learning environment that offers independence and freedom of learning with plenty of communication and collaboration between students and facilitators. Creating such an environment will encourage active participation in the course and improve throughput rates.
Bayesian Model Selection For Classification With Possibly Large Number Of Groups

The purpose of the present dissertation is to study model selection techniques which are specifically designed for classification of high-dimensional data with a large number of classes. To the best of our knowledge, this problem has never been studied in depth previously. We assume that the number of components p is much larger than the number of samples n, and that only few of those p components are useful for subsequent classification. In what follows, we introduce two Bayesian models which use two different approaches to the problem: one which discards components which have “almost constant” values (Model 1) and another which retains the components for which between-group variations are larger than withingroup variation (Model 2). We show that particular cases of the above two models recover familiar variance or ANOVA-based component selection. When one has only two classes and features are a priori independent, Model 2 reduces to the Feature Annealed Independence Rule (FAIR) introduced by Fan and Fan (2008) and can be viewed as a natural generalization to the case of L > 2 classes. A nontrivial result of the dissertation is that the precision of feature selection using Model 2 improves when the number of classes grows. Subsequently, we examine the rate of misclassification with and without feature selection on the basis of Model 2.
Optimal Retirement Portfolios with Fixed and Variable Longevity Annuities in Defined Contribution Plans taking Social Security into Account

This paper examines how two instruments—annuities with lifelong benefits purchased using defined contribution (DC) plan assets, and social security annuities—should be considered jointly to optimize household lifetime wellbeing. Understanding how these interact is of key importance in order to generate efficient retirement portfolios. Additionally, there is likely to be substantial heterogeneity in the demand for longevity annuities across the retiree population, depending on their assets inside and outside tax-qualified retirement plans, their mortality assumptions, and their accrued Social Security benefits. Therefore, as an alternative, we also evaluate using plan assets to boost social security benefits through delayed claiming. We determine that including deferred income annuities (DIAs) in DC accounts is welfare enhancing for all sex/education groups examined. We also show that providing access to variable deferred income annuities with some equity exposure (similar to participating annuities) further enhances retiree wellbeing, compared to having access only to fixed annuities. Nevertheless, for the least educated, delaying claiming social security benefits is preferred, whereas the most educated benefit more from using accumulated DC plan assets to purchase deferred annuities.
Investigation and mapping of the prevalence of “superbugs” Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Enugu metropolis in Southeast Nigeria

Global public health is threatened by increasing incidence of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), usually referred to as “superbug, is a prominent AMR that is generating concerns across the world. They are resistant to commonly used antibiotics, thereby making treatment of common infections very difficult; resulting in prolonged illness and hospitalisation, disability and in some cases, death. Despite the concerns and threats posed by MRSA, studies of its prevalence in communities across Nigeria are scanty. Here, we investigated the prevalence of MRSA in the South East Nigeria using isolates obtained from two major hospitals in Enugu metropolis and a medical laboratory. The isolates were clinically identified from different specimens and pure isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using conventional antibiotics. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to analyse the anonymised three year MRSA records. This provided relevant insights on the spatial spread of MRSA in the city. This research serves as a first step towards modelling its spatial epidemiology in the region. Results indicated that cases of MRSA were widespread in the city. Majority of MRSA were resistant to the antibiotics indicating that they are multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spatiotemporal analyses conducted showed that incidence of MRSA was increasing by the year.
A new approach to the Ricci flow on $S^2$

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