Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Modeling and Design of Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Cells

The photoelectrochemical production of fuels is an interesting research topic that aims to provide a low-cost method for storing solar energy. A one-dimensional model of a photoelectrochemical cell for solar water splitting has been developed, with applicability to both wired and wireless designs. The model of the light absorber handles electron and hole transport. The model of the electrolyte accounts for mass transport through regions of aqueous solution, including stagnant diffusion layers and bulk regions to address mixing due to bubbles, natural convection, or other sources. A polymer membrane may be present in the electrolyte.The models of the light absorber and the electrolyte are integrated through the reactions taking place at the interface between them. Charge transfer from the semiconductor to the solution is handled using a kinetic model involving reactions between the species in both the light absorber and the electrolyte. A simplified model is also presented for use when concentration gradients in the electrolyte are negligible. The simplified model captures the effect of the electrolyte in the boundary conditions for the light-absorber.Throughout, the model is validated against experimental data. At the outset, simulated output compares favorably with current-potential data for a hydrogen-evolving light absorber with varying degrees of simulated solar illumination. Later, the program is able to match current-potential data and bulk pH values for a membrane electrolysis cell with several electrolytes.The model is first used to study the effect of changing the electrolyte on the performance of a photoelectrochemical cell. It is discovered that using supported dilute acids or buffered electrolytes in an attempt to work in near-neutral conditions is ineffective. Cells with neutral electrolytes cannot run at high current density due to transport limitations in the electrolyte and solubility limitations that are encountered due to electrodialysis. Later, an absorber-in-membrane design for a photoelectrochemical cell is considered. Gas crossover is identified as a significant issue in these systems, and metrics are developed for evaluating system performance properly. Material targets are established. For instance, membranes with ten times the gas-blocking properties of currently available polymers (i.e., Nafion) are desired.
Nanoporous Gold as a Platform for a Building Block Catalyst

Porous bulk materials are of great interest in catalysis because they can be employed in heterogeneous gas and liquid phase catalysis, electrocatalysis, and in electrocatalytic sensing. Nanoporous gold gained considerable attraction in this context because it is the prime example of a corrosion-derived nanoporous bulk metal. The material was shown to be a very active and selective Au type catalyst for a variety of oxidation reactions. By leveraging the functionalization of the surface of the material with various additives, its catalytic applications can be extended and tuned. In this review, we will summarize recent developments in using nanoporous gold as the platform for the development of high performance catalytic materials by adding metals, metal oxides, and molecular functionalities as building blocks.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is extensively used in the consumer products and in the medical applications due to its antibacterial property. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized by a simple green chemistry procedure using three difference pH values of pomegranate peel extract as reducing and stabilizing agent and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor. The formation of AgNPs was elucidated using various instrumentation techniques including UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, EDX and TEM. UV-Vis spectra showed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the range of 400-500 nm. Crytalline nature and fcc phase of AgNPs were revealed by XRD pattern. FTIR analysis provided the presence of phytochemicals responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM analysis demonstrated that size and morphology of the prepared AgNPs were in the nanoscale range of 5-45 nm with irregular spherical in shape. The existence of the elemental silver was observed from EDX analysis. Furthermore, AgNPs showed an effective antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Iterative Learning Disturbance Observer Based Attitude Stabilization of Flexible Spacecraft Subject to Complex Disturbances and Measurement Noises

To realize high-precision attitude stabilization of a flexible spacecraft in the presence of complex disturbances and measurement noises, an iterative learning disturbance observer (ILDO) is presented in this paper. Firstly, a dynamic model of disturbance is built by augmenting the integral of the lumped disturbance as a state. Based on it, ILDO is designed by introducing iterative learning structures. Then, comparative analyses of ILDO and traditional disturbance observers are carried out in frequency domain. It demonstrates that ILDO combines the advantages of high accuracy in disturbance estimation and favorable robustness to measurement noise. After that, an ILDO based composite controller is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulations.
Alkyl vs. aryl modifications: a comparative study on modular modifications of triphenylphosphonium mitochondrial vectors

Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moieties are commonly conjugated to drug molecules to confer mitochondrial selectivity due to their positive charge and high lipophilicity. Although optimisation of lipophilicity can be achieved by modifying the length of the alkyl linkers between the TPP+ moiety and the drug molecule, it is not always possible. While methylation of the TPP+ moiety is a viable alternative to increase lipophilicity and mitochondrial accumulation, there are no studies comparing these two separate modular approaches. Thus, we have systematically designed, synthesised and tested a range of TPP+ molecules with varying alkyl chain lengths and degree of aryl methylation to compare the two modular methodologies for modulating lipophilicity. The ability of aryl/alkyl modified TPP+ to deliver cargo to the mitochondria was also evaluated by confocal imaging with a TPP+-conjugated fluorescein-based fluorophore. Furthermore, we have employed molecular dynamics simulations to understand the translocation of these molecules through biological membrane model systems. These results provide further insights into the thermodynamics of this process and the effect of alkyl and aryl modular modifications.
Design of Controller for Virtual Synchronous Power Plant

The increasing participation of renewables in power systems has forced system operators to strengthen grid codes requiring renewable power plants (RPPs) to provide fast frequency support such as inertia response and power oscillation damping. To cope with such new requirements, this article proposes the implementation of a virtual synchronous power plant controller (VSPPC) for RPPs. The VSPPC takes the most from emulating the behavior of a synchronous generator, especially in the case of grid events, as it permits emulating inertia and provides power oscillation damping capabilities. If compared with conventional control schemes, the main advantage of the VSPPC lays in the fact that it does not require to implement any modification in the existing controllers of the plant's converters, which are often controlled as grid-following generation units. This feature makes VSPPC attractive for incorporating advanced grid supporting functionalities in utility-scale RPPs. In this work, the main principles behind the VSPPC and comparative analysis based on simulation and experimental results are provided to validate its performance.
Planar Vertically Polarized Unidirectional Dielectric Radiator Fabry–Perot Antenna Fed by Embedded Thin Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide

This work devises and investigates a Fabry–Perot-styled planar unidirectional dielectric radiator (UDR) antenna fed by a thin embedded slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The proposed UDR-SIW antenna consists of two identical dielectric substrates and an embedded feeding SIW between the two dielectric substrates. This diligently mingled multilayer structure makes it possible to not only use the thick dielectric substrates to narrow down the E-plane pattern for symmetrical radiation but also facilitate its integration with RF subsystems through the thin embedded feeding SIW, thereby achieving a compact size and an effective excitation. An experimental prototype of the URD-SIW antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured. It features a size of $2.96\lambda _{0}\,^\ast \,0.65\lambda _{0}\,^\ast \,0.33\lambda _{0}$ and a nearly symmetrical endfire radiation pattern. The antenna presents a measured impedance bandwidth of 9.4% from 26.3 to 28.9 GHz, a gain varied from 8.2 to 10.3 dBi, which is over 10 dBi from 27.7 to 28.4 GHz, and a front to back ratio over 20 dB from 27.5 to 29 GHz. The proposed UDR-SIW antenna has vertically polarized radiation pattern that is different from a conventional UDR antenna; thus, it is an appropriate candidate to replace the SIW H-plane horn in certain applications.
Research On The Relationship Among Over-investment, Audit Quality And Corporate Risk Of Listed Companies Based On Big Data——Based on the Empirical data of listed companies in China

At present, most companies in China have the problem of inefficient investment, and inefficient investment will bring certain business risks to the enterprise. In addition, the quality of external auditing, as a part of the company's external governance mechanism, also has an impact on the investment efficiency of listed companies and corporate risks. Based on big data research, this paper selects data samples of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2018, and uses STATA to process the data to study the impact of overinvestment on corporate risks. At the same time, considering the influence of external independent audit, this paper try to verify whether audit quality will have a negative moderating effect. In addition, this article combines China's system to study whether overinvestment and audit quality have different impacts on corporate risks for companies with different property rights. Through the use of big data analysis and computer data processing analysis, this paper finds that audit quality has a restraining and regulating effect on corporate risks caused by corporate over-investment, and this effect has certain differences in companies with different property rights.
Evaluation of Rural Household Drinking Water Treatment: A Case Study of Rajaf Payam Central Equatoria State, Juba-South Sudan

The supply of clean drinking water is one of the most critical facets of primary health care, the main challenges of sustainable development in rural regions. However, Rajaf Payam experiences significant challenges in accessing clean and safe water. The study is designed to explore drinking water treatment methods in Rajaf Payam. Questionnaire was designed to conduct survey on sources of drinking water and drinking water treatment methods in the area, published articles included reports from the national government and some NGOs working in the rural drinking water sector were collected. So far 200 people participated in this study, from whom 60% were male, 40% female. However, 50 critical informant interviews and surveys were conducted, with 150 participants filling out questionnaires. The results show that 66% of the community use chlorine for drinking water treatment. Nonetheless, 19% are using boiling method, 10% using normal filtration (Water settling). At the same time, 5% know nothing about drinking water treatment. Therefore, this study recommending the Point-of-use (POU) of drinking water treatment technologies such as boiling, slow sand filtration, chemical disinfection, flocculation and coagulation, UV-C disinfection, and solar disinfection to the community of Raja Payam to enable them to access high quality drinking water and to avoid chronic drinking water related disease.
Analysis of dust changes using satellite images in Giovanni NASA and Sentinel in Google Earth Engine in western Iran

Background and objective: Dust is one of the most important destructive climatic phenomena that cause great damage to human health and the environment every year. In Iran, due to having a 23% share of dust storms in the world and the transfer of dust from Iraq and Saudi Arabia, it is necessary to study it. Dust storms in Iran during the last few years have been a serious crisis in the western and south-western provinces of the country, including Khuzestan province, and have had dangerous consequences in the fields of environment, health, and economy. Materials and methods: This study examines the changes in the dust during the last 40 years (1980-2020) in the western and south-western regions of Iran and Iran's neighbors (Kuwait, east and southeast of Iraq, and northern Saudi Arabia). And its relationship to wind stress and vegetation has been investigated using MERRA-2 satellite imagery and model maps from the Giovanni site. Dust monitoring from June 2018 to February 2021 has also been analyzed through Google Earth Engine, a specialized web-based remote sensing system. Results and conclusion: The results show that during the 40 years under study, especially from 2020 to 2010, the volume of dust and wind stress in the study area has increased significantly. Also, dust, vegetation, wind stress have had related changes over 40 years, so that wind stress is directly related to the amount of dust and increases its effects. Also, in areas with more vegetation, there is less dust.
Electrothermal Performance-Based FCS-MPC for Dynamic Thermal Balance Control of Traction Converters

The thermal stress imbalance is a challenge for the reliability and in-service lifetime of modular multilevel converters, especially in traction drive applications. The finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) can offer an effective solution to this issue, but it is faced with two difficulties, that is, the weight allocation of electrical and thermal variables with different natures in control objectives functions, and dynamic weighting factor adjustment during the switching of variable operations. Therefore, an electrothermal performance-based FCS-MPC (ETP-FCS-MPC) for dynamic thermal balance control is proposed, which can not only achieve thermal stress balance in converters with more intuitive and time-saving ways but also offer dynamic compromise schemes between the electrical and thermal performance of converters in the speed switching process. First of all, dynamic electrical and thermal models of converters are presented. Then, the absolute error-based electrical control objective and the energy loss variance-based thermal control objective are designed. Moreover, a performance-based normalized control objective function and an outer loop control feedback-based dynamic weighting factor are proposed. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)-based test is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the test results show the merits of the proposed method.
Electrochemical Techniques for Hydrocarbon Leak Detection in Cooling Water Systems

Open recirculating cooling water systems are commonly used in petroleum industries, mainly in oil refineries. Heat exchangers are often applied to cool or condense process fluids. The chemical treatment used in cooling water system is essential to prevent corrosion, scaling, fouling and microbiological growth. When tubes fail due to corrosion, the cooling water can be contaminated with hydrocarbons. This contamination may cause corrosion, fouling and microbiological growth. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate electrochemical techniques for quick detection of hydrocarbon leaks in cooling water systems. To this purpose, synthetic cooling water with and without inhibitors, dispersant and biocide was prepared, based on the historical parameters of a refinery cooling water system. Diesel was injected in order to simulate hydrocarbon leak. The electrochemical tests were carried out on carbon steel and brass electrodes that are materials commonly used in heat exchangers of cooling water systems. The results showed that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance tests carried out on brass electrodes were able to detect diesel leak in synthetic cooling water.
Low ferritin with normal hemoglobin, a common neglected and hidden hematological disorder

To highlight the clinical significance of low ferritin with normal hemoglobin in young adult women and to raise awareness aboutthis disorder among physiciansand general practitioners.This pathology is easy to be missed since normal CBC or hemoglobin will give false feeling of assurance about Iron store in patients with longstanding generalized weakness of unknown etiology.A descriptive study of120 femalepatients who were consulting the outpatientInternal medicine clinics at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, peripheral blood samples were obtained for analysis of complete blood count and serum iron status.Fifty (41.7%) of all patients had ferritin less than 10 ng/mL indicating severe iron deficiency.Of the 120 patients with iron deficiency Fatigue is the commonest symptom that present in ninety-five patients (79.2%), followed by hair loss 88(73.3%)and dizziness 84(70.0%), headache 79 (65.8% ), poor concentration 74 (61.7% ), palpitation 72(60.0% ) , chest pain 67 (55.8% ) and legs pain (47.5%). Heavy menstrual bleeding is significantly associated with low ferritin level in younger age group (<=25 years) p=0.001. While poor nutrition is a significant risk factor among older age group (>25 years) p= 0.000. In conclusion, low ferritin with normal hemoglobin is a hidden disorder which Ghazzay et al (2020): Low ferritin with normal hemoglobin Feb 2021 Vol. 24 Issue 2 http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021. 24225 Health Medicine & Public Annals of Tropical needs to be addressed bygeneral practitioners and physicians when diagnosis and treatmentis considered.It is accepted that individuals with low serum ferritin with normal hemoglobin or CBC will develop iron-deficiency anemia in the weeks or months following diagnosis, thus, evaluation of iron storage in at-risk patients should prompt early initiation of irontherapy and relief of symptoms.
Isolation of Cellulose Nanoparticles from Sesame Husk

Preparation of green cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) from renewable resources is becoming an important area of research. An agro-waste such as sesame husk has been used for the first time to generate cellulose nanoparticles. Sesame husk, which is deep brown in color, was treated with 0.7% sodium chlorite solution, followed by alkali treatment. This chemically treated mass was subjected to acid hydrolysis with 35% sulfuric acid. Cellulose microwhiskers were released from the husk, forming a white colloidal suspension and leaving a solid residue at the bottom. These microwhiskers were examined by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microwhiskers were observed to be multifaceted, existing in associated form and having width in the range of 1−2 μm. These microwhiskers were subjected to homogenization, after which spherical cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) were produced having diameters in the range of 30−120 nm. X-ray diffraction study of these white cellulose nanoparticles and the.
Contextualized differentiated instruction in contemporary issues vis-à-vis the development of its COVID-19 model

The study analyzed the effectiveness of Contextualized Differentiated Instruction (CDI) in the teaching of Contemporary Issues, a Social Studies subject in Grade 10 with these of objectives by: (1) Determining its pre-post-test results; (2) Testing its significant mean difference; (3) Analyzing its learning competencies and identifying appropriate strategies; and (4) Formulating an enhanced CDI Model of Contextualized Teaching and Learning (CTL). A one group quasi-experimental design, using pretest-and-posttest, determined the respondents’ performance on Contemporary Issues. A significant difference in the pre-posttest demonstrated an increase of proficiency manifested by an increase in the mean scores and enhanced qualitative equivalents. An above proficiency level revealed in the posttest was attributed by the engagement of the respondents in the learning process using contextual differentiated learning activities. Matching the learning competencies with the three learning domains of Gardner’s multiple intelligences resulted in a substantial utilization of the interactive and prospective teaching strategies, except on the analytic teaching strategies that were found inadequate. Hence, the creation of the COVID-19 Model may juxtapose the essence of an enhanced CDI Model of CTL. The findings have social and practical value to support differentiation of instruction in the 21st century education.
Sjogren’s Syndrome is associated with higher healthcare utilization after primary hip, but not primary knee arthroplasty: A U.S. cohort study

Objective: To assess whether Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) is associated with outcomes after total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). Methods: We used the 1998-2014 U.S. National Inpatient Sample data. We performed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses to assess the association of SS with healthcare utilization (hospital charges, length of hospital stay, discharge to non-home setting), and in-hospital complications (implant infection, revision, transfusion, mortality), controlling for important covariates and confounders. In sensitivity analyses, we additionally adjusted the main models for hospital location/teaching status, bed size, and region . Results: We examined 4,116,485 primary THAs and 8,127,282 primary TKAs performed from 1998-2014; 12,772 (0.2%) primary TKAs and 6,222 (0.2%) primary THAs were done in people with SS. In multivariable-adjusted models, SS was associated with a statistically significant higher odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval (CI)) of discharge to a rehabilitation/inpatient facility post-THA, 1.13 (1.00, 1.28), but not post-TKA, 0.93 (0.86, 1.02). We noted no differences in the length of hospital stay or hospital charges. SS was associated with significantly higher adjusted odds of in-hospital transfusion post-THA, 1.37 (1.22, 1.55) and post-TKA, 1.21 (1.10, 1.34). No significant differences by SS diagnosis were seen in hospital stay, hospital charges implant infection, implant revision or mortality rates. Conclusions: People with SS had higher transfusion rate post-TKA/THA, and higher rate of discharge to non-home setting post-THA. The lack of association of SS with post-arthroplasty complications should reassure patients, surgeons and policy-makers about the utility of TKA/THA in people with SS undergoing these procedures.