Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Usefulness of Combined Anti-tuberculosis Antibody Test and Interferon-γ Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

This article is available from http://www.labmedonline. org 2011, Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: For the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), a variety of tests based on the patients’ immune response has been introduced. We evaluated the clinical usefulness of combined anti-tuberculosis antibody (anti-TB Ab) test and Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), evaluating humoral and cellular immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Methods: Among patients tested for IGRA, 78 patients diagnosed as TB and treated with anti-TB drug and 80 non-TB patients were included in this study. We used QuantiFERON-TB GOLD (QFT, Cellestis limited, Australia) for IGRA and an immunochromatographic assay, Easy Test TB (ASAN PHARM, Korea), for anti-TB Ab test. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of Easy Test TB were 23.1%, 98.8%, 94.7% and 56.8%, respectively. QFT had a significantly higher sensitivity than Easy Test TB (67.9% vs. 23.1%; P<0.05). The agreement between the two assays was poor (69.6%, k=0.190). Of the 18 cases with positive Easy Test TB, six (33%) showed negative QFT results. The combination of Easy Test TB and QFT had a significantly higher sensitivity than single QFT (75.6%, vs. 67.9%; P=0.031). Conclusions: The combination of Easy Test TB and QFT could be used to aid in a rapid diagnosis and early treatment of TB.
A Study of Ethical Sense of Value and Discord of the Clinical Nurse

Professional nurse shall possess the firm nursing idea and ethical nursing philosophy based on the professional knowledge and technology but due to the rapid social situations has changed the value to man thus the nurse's sense of value in the nursing secenes has been confused and changed bringing the new ethical problems and discord due to the ethically difficult problems. This study is aimed to know about the discord between the ruling ethical sense of value and the ethical discord exeriencing in the clinical scenes of the nurse and to help them establish affirmative ethical sense of value and provide them with the materials which can effectively meet the ethical discord. The study research has been conducted by selecting 515 clinical nurses in 8 general hospitals as the subject from Mar. 13, 1995 to Apr. 3. The tool measuring the ethical sense of value disigned by Lee, Young Sook has been used and supplemented and the tool measuring the ethical discord was the question papers about the ethical dillemma of Han, Sung Sook. The collected materials have been analyzed by the statistical methods of arithmetical everage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and etc. The result of the study is as the below ; 1) The average point of the ethical sense of value of the nurse was 3.62(maximum point : 5) which showed that the ethical level was so high and the highest question item in the ethical level of the whole items of the ethical sense of value was "They conduct as directed by the doctor in case the disposition of the doctor looks mistaken"(4.56 point), "They keep the secret of the patients while serving them. "(4.56) and the lowest item was "using placobo for the patients is not allowed" : (1.85 point). 2) Statistical variation which showed the significant difference in the relation with the ethical sense of value according to the general characters of the nurse has shown as scholarly years(F=3.47, p=.016), religion(F=1.66, p=.004), interest degree of ethical education(F=4.18, p=.006),attitude to the job of nursing(F=6.76, p=.006), ethical standard(F=3.28, p=.021), and recognition degree on ethical principles(F=4.53, p=.001). 3) The average point of the ethical discord of the nurse was 0.54(The maximum-1 point) point and the ethical discord in the clinical scenes : "the problems arising from the lack of manpower of the nurse"(0.86), "the discord from the uncooperative relation between them and the medical staff and"(0.75) and indifference of the doctor about the report of the nurse(0.73). 4) The variation which showed the significant difference statistically in the ethical discord according to the general characters of the nurse was that Age(F=19.88, p=.000), schooling(F=5.32, p=.001), Experience(F=15.77, p=.000), position(F=13.58, p=.000) and ethical standard(F=2.63, p=.049). 5) The results of the analysis of correlation between ethical sense of value and discord(r=0.519, p=.239) showed no significant correlation statistically.
An exploration using system dynamics modelling of population-level mindfulness, mindful eating and healthy weight following intervention

Background: Mindful eating has been introduced as a strategy to help prevent overweight and obesity. Aim: The purpose of this research was to develop a simple system dynamics model to investigate the impact of different interventions on population level mindfulness, mindful eating and healthy weight over a 10-year period. Methods: A model was constructed and outcomes analysed following the addition of four mindful eating interventions, including decreasing busyness (formal and informal work), promotion of mindful eating (e.g. classes and media), promotion of mindfulness, reduction of external eating cues (decreased portion sizes and variety) or a combination of all interventions. Results: The model projected that if the current situation was to continue over the next 10-year period, there would be a small decrease of 0.6% in the healthy-weight population despite a 42% increase in people practising mindfulness and 40% increase in people eating mindfully. Of the four interventions introduced, decreasing busyness had the greatest impact on the number of people practising mindfulness, eating mindfully and of a healthy weight. However, when all four interventions were introduced together this resulted in the greatest (19%) increase in the proportion of healthy-weight people. Conclusions: The study suggests that mindful eating can be improved through intervention, however, the interventions will not greatly contribute to improving the healthy-weight population unless implemented in combination.
Mitochondrial DNA Evidence Suggests Challenge to the Conspecific Status of the Hairy-Footed Flying Squirrel Belomys pearsonii from Taiwan and Vietnam

Tatsuo Oshida1,*, Liang-Kong Lin2, Shih-Wei Chang3, Can Ngoc Dang4, Son Truong Nguyen4, Nghia Xuan Nguyen4, Dang Xuan Nguyen4, Hideki Endo5, Junpei Kimura6, Motoki Sasaki7, Akiko Hayashida8 and Ai Takano9 1 Laboratory of Wildlife Biology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan 2 Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan, R.O. C. 3 Division of Zoology, Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Chichi 552, Taiwan, R.O. C. 4 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 5 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 6 College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea 7 Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan 8 Nasu Animal Kingdom, Nasu 329-3223, Japan 9 Laboratory of Epidemiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 288 GENE CLONING . 288 Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (GGPS) . 288 Phytoene Synthase (PSy) . 291 Phyluene Desaturase (PDS) 292 Other Genes . 292 GENETIC CONTROL. , . , 293 Arabidopsis thaliana . , 293 Lycopersicon esculentum . , 294 Zea mays . 295 Other Species . , . , , 295 REGULATION OF EXPRESSION . 295 Light . , 295 Photooxidative Stress. 296 Development . , ,. 296 FINAL COMMENTS ,. 297
Ubiquitin-ligase-mediated transcription initiation in cellular stress defences

ii Lay summary . iv Declaration . v Acknowledgements . vi List of figures . xii List of tables . xvi List of abbreviations . xvii Chapter 1: Introduction. 1 1.1. The ubiquitin-proteasome system . 1 1.1.1. The ubiquitination cascade . 1 1.1.2. The proteasome . 4 1.2. Salicylic acid and its role in systemic acquired resistance . 7 1.3. NPR1, the master regulator of SA-dependent gene expression . 10 1.4. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation of transcription . 13 1.4. 1. Ubiquitin-mediated suppression of SA-responsive gene transcription . 13 1.4. 2. Ubiquitin-mediated activation of SA-responsive gene transcription . 15 1.5. Aims and Objectives . 19 Chapter 2: Methods . 21 2.1. Plant growth conditions . 21
Airborne radiometric survey data and a DTM as covariates for regional scale mapping of soil organic carbon across Northern Ireland

Soil scientists require cost‐effective methods to make accurate regional predictions of soil organic carbon (SOC) content. We assess the suitability of airborne radiometric data and digital elevation data as covariates to improve the precision of predictions of SOC from an intensive survey in Northern Ireland. Radiometric data (K band) and, to a lesser extent, altitude are shown to increase the precision of SOC predictions when they are included in linear mixed models of SOC variation. However the statistical distribution of SOC in Northern Ireland is bimodal and therefore unsuitable for geostatistical analysis unless the two peaks can be accounted for by the fixed effects in the linear mixed models. The upper peak in the distribution is due to areas of peat soils. This problem may be partly countered if soil maps are used to classify areas of Northern Ireland according to their expected SOC content and then different models are fitted to each of these classes. Here we divide the soil in Northern Ireland into three classes, namely mineral, organo‐mineral and peat. This leads to a further increase in the precision of SOC predictions and the median square error is 2.2 %2. However a substantial number of our observations appear to be mis‐classified and therefore the mean squared error in the predictions is larger (30.6 %2) since it is dominated by large errors due to mis‐classification. Further improvement in SOC prediction may therefore be possible if better delineation between areas of large SOC (peat) and small SOC (non‐peat) could be achieved.
Sparklinglight Transtions on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing(STAIQC)

The agriculture plays very important role as it helps to accomplish the need of food among people. The production in agriculture consequentially contributes to the economy of every country. The grain crops rice, wheat, maize, and legumes are suffering a lot due to some viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases. The pest and variety of diseases can bring a heavy loss to the global economy. The monitoring of crops health and identification of diseases at early days is very challenging and emerging task in agriculture. So, it is very important to prevent crops from fatal diseases in the early stage, but the manual process of disease discovery can lead to erroneous magnitude of pesticides. The trouble is figure out by automate discovery of diseases and supplication of relevant medication on time. It is very necessary to find out accurate disease to overcome heavy loss to economy. From the few decades, to detect disease correctly, the process of detection become automate using emerging technologies and techniques using computer vision, machine learning and image processing. This article presents the extensive literature on existing methodologies utilized for recognition and classification of leaves diseases. The studies addresses that there is still many limitations and challenges find in different phases in plant disease detection system. The presented research also highlights the pros and cons of different techniques that help out the researchers for contribution in future. © 2021 STAIQC
TargetTree-RRT*: Continuous-Curvature Path Planning Algorithm for Autonomous Parking in Complex Environments

Rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) has been studied for autonomous parking as it quickly finds an initial path and is easily scalable in complex environments. However, the planning time increases by searching for the path in narrow parking spots. To reduce the planning time, the target tree algorithm, which substitutes a parking goal in RRT with a set (target tree) of backward parking paths, was proposed. However, as it consists of circular and straight paths, it deteriorates parking accuracy because of curvature-discontinuity. Moreover, the planning time increases in complex environments; backward paths can be blocked by obstacles. Therefore, this paper introduces the TargetTree-RRT* algorithm for complex environments. First, a target tree is designed using clothoid paths to address such curvature-discontinuity. Second, to reduce the planning time further, a cost function is defined to initialize a proper target tree that considers obstacles. By integrating with optimal-variant RRT and searching for the shortest path, the proposed TargetTree-RRT* algorithm obtains a near-optimal path as the sampling time increases. Experiment results in real environments showed that the vehicle parked more accurately, and continuous-curvature paths were obtained more quickly and with higher success rates than those acquired using other sampling-based and other types of planning algorithms. Note to Practitioners—This work was motivated by the need to develop a fast and practical path planning algorithm for autonomous parking, not only in simple environments but also in complex environments. Sampling-based planning algorithms have been studied in this area, with the advantages of rapid planning of an initial path and easily reflecting vehicle’s constraints. Nevertheless, in cluttered environments, it needs considerable time to obtain a path for the autonomous vehicle easy for tracking and precise parking. To address the aforementioned issue, this article presents the TargetTree-RRT* algorithm. It finds a path by replacing a parking goal with a set of pre-defined continuous-curvature paths considering cluttered environments. TargetTree-RRT* achieves better performance for real parking scenarios and rapidly obtains a near-optimal parking path, compared to other parking path planners. The proposed algorithm is not limited to autonomous vehicles. It can be applied to other unmanned vehicles or robots, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In any application where the goal of path planning can be replaced with predefined standardized paths, the proposed algorithm can be extended.
Alterations in outer membrane permeability.

INTRODucnON . 238 Structure oj the Cell Envelope 238 Uptake Arross the Outer Membrane 239 Intrinsic,Dejects in Outer Membrane Permeability in So.me Bacteria . 241 MUTATIONAL ALTERATIONS IN OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITy . 241 Porin-Deficient Mutants 242 Adaptatio'n and Resistance to Antibiotics . : . 243 Antibiotic-Supersensitive Mutants 246 LPS Altel 'ations 247 Other M�! tational Alterations 248 ENHANCEMENT OF OUTER MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY BY CHEMICALS AND ANTIBIOTICS 249 EDTA . 249 Polymyxil' ls . : 252 Aminoglycosides . , ,. 253 Tris . 253 co2+ Pretreatment and DNA Upt(lke . 254 Serum and/or Complement 255 Bactericil wll Permeabilityofncreasing Protein from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. 255 ENERGIZATION STATE AND HYDROPHOBIC PERMEABILITy 256
Clathrin and associated assembly and disassembly proteins.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY. 415 CLATHRIN . 4 1 7 Clathrin Heavy Chains 417 Clathrin Light Chains 417 Clathrin Trimer/Triskelion. 419 APs: ASSEMBLY PROTEINS/ADAPTOR PROTEINS/ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. 423 AP-2 . 423 AP-I and AP1801AP-3 . 426 AP Activities 427 AP-Membrane Interactions 429 UNCOATING ATPase/Hsc70. 431 Uncoating ATPase is Hsc70 431 Functions of the Hsc70lUncoating ATPase 433
Online compensation of gravity and friction for haptics with incremental position sensors

This paper proposes an online compensation method of gravity and friction by least squares method (LSM) for robots implementing haptics. In order to expand the range of tasks using the robot such as telepresence robot, implementing haptics technology is essential. However, with higher gear ratio motors, the friction lowers the quality of the haptic transmission. In order to comfortably control the robot with haptics, compensation of gravity and friction torques are essential. In the case of bilateral control, incremental position encoders are often used because they are easy to use at low cost. However, with the conventional method, the control start position must always be returned to the same initial value in order achieve the gravity torque compensation, as the value of the angle can not be stored with incremental encoders. In order to estimate and compensate the gravity and friction torque from any starting position of the robot, this paper proposes a new online compensation method using LSM while achieving the bilateral control. Using the proposed method, the absolute encoder is not necessary, and no matter where the starting position of the control is, the gravity torque and friction torque can be compensated, allowing a comfortable control for the operator. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed by the experiment.
Gene Expression Analysis of Telomerase Related Genes in Myeloid Malignancy

Telomere shortening and an increased telomerase activity are associated with poor prognosis and disease progression in many cancers. In Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) telomere shortening has a strong correlation with disease progression. Expression of hTERT , the catalytic component of telomerase, was evaluated in the CD34 + cells of CML patients. This revealed that expression of hTERT was significantly reduced in chronic phase CML and decreased with disease progression to accelerated phase and blast crisis. It could therefore be concluded that reduced hTERT expression contributes to reduced telomere length in CML. Additionally, expression of c-Myc , which increases hTERT transcription, correlated with hTERT expression suggesting decreased hTERT is partly caused by reduced c-Myc . hTERT promoter methylation and mutation status were investigated and this revealed that the hTERT promoter was not methylated and mutation rates were low suggesting that these are not contributing to reduced hTERT expression. cDNA microarrays were used to analyse gene expression in neutrophils of patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia (ET) harbouring the JAK2 V617F mutation which, like the BCR/ABL translocation in CML, results in an activated kinase. Neutrophils of ET patients exhibited a gene expression profile close to that of controls despite the presence of the mutation. Affymetrix microarrays were used to investigate the role of telomerase related genes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Genes decreased in patients with del(5q) include positive regulators of telomere length and genes with higher expression were associated with increased telomerase activity. Inferring that in these patients telomere length would be reduced but counteracted by increased expression of genes promoting telomerase activity. Genes that could differentiate between RA and RAEB2 subtypes were mostly related to telomere maintenance. These results demonstrate the complex role of telomerase and telomere length in malignancy and challenge the view that hTERT is always increased in cancer.
Association of Dialysis Duration With Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation in the Setting of Long Cold Ischemia Time

Background There is no mechanism that matches hard-to-place kidneys with the most appropriate candidate. Thus, unwanted kidney offers are typically to recipients with long renal replacement time (vintage) which is a strong risk factor for mortality and graft failure, and in combination with prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT), may promote interactive effects on outcomes. Methods Consecutive adult isolated kidney transplants between October 2015 and December 2017 were stratified by vintage younger than 1 year and CIT longer than 30 hours. Results Long (n = 169) relative to short (n = 93) vintage recipients were significantly more likely to be younger (32.2 years vs 56.9 years, P = 0.02), black race (40.8% vs 18.3%, P = 0.02), have higher estimated posttransplant survival (52.6 vs 42.0, P = 0.04), and have a comorbid condition (45.6% vs 30.1%, P = 0.02); they were less likely to receive a donation after circulatory death kidney (27.8% vs 39.8%, P = 0.05). Long vintage was significantly associated with length of stay longer than 4 days (45.5% vs 30.1%, P = 0.02), and 30-day readmission (37.3% vs 22.6%, P = 0.02) but not additional operations (17.8% vs 15.1%, P = 0.58), short-term patient mortality (3.0% vs 2.2%, P = 0.70), or overall graft survival (P = 0.23). On multivariate logistic regression, long vintage remained an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.47); however, there was no interaction of vintage and CIT for this outcome (P = 0.84). Conclusions Readmission is significantly associated with pretransplant dialysis duration; however, CIT is not a modifying factor for this outcome.
Testifying Minors: Pre-Trial Strategies to Reduce Anxiety in Child Witnesses

INTRODUCTION . 237 R I. THE EVOLUTION OF CHILDREN AS WITNESSES . 238 R II. HOW ANXIETY BREEDS HARM . 239 R A. Anxiety Hurts Children . 240 R B. Testifying Induces Anxiety in Children . 240 R C. Anxiety Impairs Testimony. 241 R 1. Anxiety Damages Performance and Credibility . 242 R 2. Anxiety Inhibits Memory . 243 R D. Anxiety Subverts Justice . 244 R III. WHY LAWYERS, DESPITE CRITICISM, SHOULD ATTEMPT TO REDUCE ANXIETY IN CHILD WITNESSES . 245 R IV. STRATEGIES THAT REDUCE ANXIETY IN CHILD WITNESSES . 246 R A. Provide Legal System Education . 246 R B. Conduct Desensitization Training . 249 R 1. Perform a Mock Trial . 250 R 2. Encourage Court Visits . 251 R C. Teach Coping Methods . 252 R 1. Practice Deep Breathing . 252 R 2. Instill Positivity Through Positive Self-Talk, Visual Imagery, and Comfort Objects . 253 R 3. Explain How to Answer Troublesome Questions . 254 R D. Foster Child-Focused Communication . 255 R 1. Build Rapport and Trust . 255 R 2. Practice Perspective-Taking . 257 R 3. Attend to Nonverbal Cues . 258 R 4. Use Props . 260 R