Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative Management of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios were obtained for dichotomous outcome mea-sures. Two combined probability tests were used as follows: (1) The Fisher combined test, producing chi-square values based on logarith-mic transformations of the reported P values from the independent studies, and (2) the Stouffer combined test, providing weighted rep-resentation of the studies by weighting each of the standard normal deviates by the size of the sample. An odds ratio procedure based on the Mantel-Haenszel method for combining study results using 2 (cid:4) 2 tables was used with outcome frequency information. An acceptable signiﬁcance level was set at P (cid:1) 0.01 (one tailed). Tests for heterogeneity of the independent studies were conducted to assure consistency among the study results. DerSimonian-Laird random effects odds ratios
Beyond treatment-Psychosocial and behavioral issues in cancer survivorship research and practice

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University of Birmingham Fine-grained generalization analysis of vector-valued learning

Many fundamental machine learning tasks can be formulated as a problem of learning with vector-valued functions, where we learn multiple scalar-valued functions together. Although there is some generalization analysis on different speciﬁc algorithms under the empirical risk minimization principle, a unifying analysis of vector-valued learning under a regularization framework is still lacking. In this paper, we initiate the generalization analysis of regularized vector-valued learning algorithms by presenting bounds with a mild dependency on the output dimension and a fast rate on the sample size. Our discussions relax the existing assumptions on the restrictive constraint of hypothesis spaces, smoothness of loss functions and low-noise condition. To understand the interaction be- tween optimization and learning, we further use our results to derive the ﬁrst generalization bounds for stochastic gradient descent with vector-valued functions. We apply our general results to multi-class classiﬁcation and multi-label classiﬁca- tion, which yield the ﬁrst bounds with a logarithmic dependency on the output dimension for extreme multi-label clas- siﬁcation with the Frobenius regularization. As a byproduct, we derive a Rademacher complexity bound for loss function classes deﬁned in terms of a general strongly convex function.
Some Ethnoarchaeological Considerations of Large Pots Excavated from the Kano Area, Nigeria

Abstract Restudy of the large deeply-buried pots from the Kano area using ethnoarchaeological information provides potential modern analogues for their manufacture and use. While today similar large pots are used for a variety of purposes, these buried pots are viewed as ritually-significant by locals, because of their special context. Informants cite a number of ritual reasons why pots may be buried and these, plus other archaeological evidence of pots buried at socially-significant locations, suggest that the Kano pots were deeply buried for ritual purposes, and not simply abandoned.
The formation of the rodlet layer of streptomycetes is the result of the interplay between rodlins and chaplins

Streptomycetes form hydrophobic aerial hyphae that eventually septate into hydrophobic spores. Both aerial hyphae and spores possess a typical surface layer called the rodlet layer. We present here evidence that rodlet formation is conserved in the streptomycetes. The formation of the rodlet layer is the result of the interplay between rodlins and chaplins. A strain of Streptomyces coelicolor in which the rodlin genes rdlA and/or rdlB were deleted no longer formed the rodlet layer. Instead, these surfaces were decorated with fine fibrils. Deletion of all eight chaplin genes (strain ΔchpABCDEFGH) resulted in the absence of the rodlet layer as well as the fibrils at surfaces of aerial hyphae and spores. Apart from coating these surfaces, chaplins are involved in the escape of hyphae into the air, as was shown by the strong reduction in the number of aerial hyphae in the ΔchpABCDEFGH strain. The decrease in the number of aerial hyphae correlated with a lower expression of the rdl genes in the colony. Yet, expression per aerial hypha was similar to that in the wild‐type strain, indicating that expression of the rdl genes is initiated after the hypha has sensed that it has grown into the air.
Accommodation to Vocal Pitch in Children with Autism

Speech accommodation is a common phenomenon in typically developing (TD) adults. However, little is known regarding whether TD children and autistic children, who have atypical prosodic profiles and social communication skills, also spontaneously accommodate to others’ speech. Thirty 5-to-10-year-old autistic children and 30 age-matched TD children repeated sentences after two model talkers either speaking with their original pitch or with artificially raised pitch. Acoustic analysis revealed that only the autistic children displayed evidence of pitch accommodation. In a follow-up experiment, 25 TD children were explicitly asked to copy the voice of the talkers; here, they showed a similar degree of pitch accommodation to the autistic children. We discuss results in the context of developmental patterns of speech accommodation and suggest TD children were less likely to accommodate to pitch changes due to their communicative function, and to the slightly less typical-sounding voice of the higher-pitch model talker.
Risk Based Reliability Demonstration Test Planning for Decision Making Under Uncertainty

: Reliability assurance by empirical data collected from lifetime tests is always subject to uncertainty and thus to a risk of making wrong decisions. The type-I statistical error is quantified and minimized over the generally known confidence interval to ensure that the reliability of the population in field operation is valid. The type-II statistical error quantifies the risk of a failed reliability test and thus the risk of the product developer. A failed test generally means further iteration loops in the verification process and should be avoided accordingly. However, in the context of reliability demonstration, the type-II error is often neglected and consequently it is not known how high the probability of successful reliability demonstration is with the chosen test strategy. In this paper, a method is presented that allows a calculation of the type-II error based on prior knowledge, which is called probability of test success ( P ts ). P ts enables the objective comparison of available test strategies for scenarios with a wide variety of boundary conditions such as accelerated testing, system and component testing or different reliability targets. In the end, the test strategy and the required number of specimens can be determined, which has the lowest remaining risk under the available budget.
UNF Digital Commons UNF Digital Commons

The current research aims to integrate previous research on the host of negative consequences associated with women’s experience of stereotype threat in a science context. Using an expectancy-value framework, the current research explores potential indirect effects of a communal goal affordance intervention on science motivation, via stereotype threat, state anxiety, communal goal affordances, and belonging in science. Building upon the previous literature, the current research attempts to link stereotype threat to science motivation via communal goal affordances and state anxiety’s effect on belonging in science. Additionally, the current research attempts to illustrate the efficacy of a communal goal affordance intervention by increasing perceptions of communal goal affordances and reducing anxiety in a science context. The current study found no evidence of a successful implementation of the communal goal affordance intervention, as evident by non-significant results on parametric and non-parametric tests of central tendencies between interaction type. Additionally, no indirect effects on science motivation were discovered within either tested pathway. However, a significant positive relationship between stereotype threat and state anxiety, communal goal affordances and belonging in science, and belonging in science and science motivation were found. Limitations to the current study and the communal goal affordance intervention, as well as the implications for these findings and future directions for research are discussed.
Fault stability changes induced beneath a reservoir with cyclic variations in water level

The stress and pore pressure changes produced by a steady periodic variation of water level on the surface of a uniform porous elastic half-space are evaluated using the fully coupled (Biot) equations of elastic deformation and pore fluid flow. Diverse choices of material properties all give a coupled stress field differing from the elastic stress field by at most 0.035 po, where po is the water pressure at the bottom of the reservoir. Peak coupled pore pressure change can lag peak water level in the depth range 0 < (ω/2c)1/2z < π, where ω is frequency of the cyclic change in water level, c is diffusivity, and z is depth. The maximum lag increases as B decreases, where B is the ratio of pore pressure increase to mean compressive stress increase under undrained conditions. Directly beneath the reservoir, for example, peak pore pressure in an annual cycle can lag peak water level by at most 10 days if B = 0.80, but can lag by up to 122 days if B = 0.11. When cyclic water level changes are superimposed on the steady state reservoir level, the time during the cycle at which a fault is most destabilized depends on whether the weight of the reservoir stabilizes or destabilizes the fault, which, in turn, depends on its orientation and location relative to the reservoir. B and c also influence the timing of the greatest destabilization. If B and c are low, maximum destabilization at low water level is possible for faults that are stabilized by the weight of the reservoir; this mechanism may have operated at Lake Mead. The analysis suggests that induced seismic events should be separated into groups having a common focal mechanism and occurring in similar locations relative to the reservoir before studying the time at which the events occur relative to the water level. The fully coupled solution is compared with an uncoupled solution, with a solution that is coupled but which assumes incompressible solid and fluid constituents (consolidation) and with a decoupled solution in which the difference between the pore pressure field and B times the elastic mean compressive stress obeys a homogeneous diffusion equation. The uncoupled and consolidation solutions respectively underestimate and overestimate pore pressure during short-term reservoir level fluctuations as well as at times short compared to that required to achieve steady state. In contrast, the decoupled solution agrees closely with the fully coupled solution for the problem studied here.
Coping with tourists: European reactions to mass tourism.

Once content to sunbathe and follow guides and established itineraries, tourists are increasingly seeking authentic culture. This is taking them into the private areas and zones to which the locals retire in order to escape the tourist gaze, creating tensions between the two groups. Based on recent anthropological field studies, this book describes how European communities dependant on tourism have been affected by the commoditization of their culture and explores the ways they cope with the constant attention of outsiders. The collection demonstrates both varied and skillful ways in which individuals and communities react to and cope with the impact of decades of mass tourism on their lives and values, thus throwing new light onto questions of identity, boundary maintenance and cultural adjustment.
Performance analysis of a solar array under shadow condition

The investigation deals with performance studies of a solar array consisting of two modules, each having 25 cells in series. The load characteristics of the array are studied experimentally and it is observed that, as the shadowed area increases, the overall performance of the array is significantly degraded. Theoretical analysis of such an array has also been carried out to explore the possible mechanisms responsible for array degradation. In the analysis, we consider an additional series resistance for the dark region, whereas earlier workers have overestimated the contribution of the dark region because they have always taken into account identical series resistances for the illuminated, as well as the dark, region. Simulation of the enhanced series resistance of the dark region in the present work has been done by the effective surface resistance of the emitter layer caused by a metallic grid, because of the biasing of the dark region by the illuminated area. Under such biasing, the dark region acts as a load on the illuminated region and causes a loss of current. This is simulated by an additional series resistance (Rsurf). The analysis, which is based on consideration of the enhanced series resistance of the dark region, produces a better match between experimental and theoretical results.
Uwagi o kulturze mikockiej na Górnym Śląsku. Przyczynek do genezy kultury mikockiej w Europie Środkowej

Historia badań nad kulturą mikocką na Górnym Śląsku, czy — szerzej — na Śląsku, jest nad wyraz krótka. W 1936 r. na stanowisku 23 w Pietrowicach Wielkich, prawdopodobnie na powierzchni, H. Lindner znalazł nóż asymetryczny na surowiaku. Długo jednak pozostawał on nieznany. Zabytek uwzględnił dopiero w swej syntezie paleolitu na Górnym Śląsku J. K. Kozłowski (1964a, s. 79, 161), zaliczając go do noży prądnickich atypowych — pozbawionych odbicia pararylcowego i mniej starannie wykonanych. Nieco później opinia ta została powtórzona przez J. K. Kozłowskiego i S. K. Kozłowskiego (1977, s. 82). Według W. Chmielewskiego (1975, s. 64) ma to być pięściak. Zdaniem A. Wiśniewskiego (1998, s. 238, przyp. 2), który ostatnio bliżej zajmował się tym wyrobem, może chodzić o „tylcowe asymetryczne narzędzie bifacjalne", ewentualnie tzw. Faustkeilblatt. Przez dłuższy czas był to jedyny z terenu Górnego Śląska zabytek uważany za łączący się z kulturą mikocką. W okresie od 1962 do 1992 r. doszło do odkrycia materiałów mikockich na stanowisku Dzierżysław 1 (E. M. Fołtyn, E. Fołtyn, J. K. Kozłowski 2000). Jest to w chwili obecnej najstarsze stanowisko reprezentujące tradycję z narzędziami asymetrycznymi w Europie środkowej. O wiele bogatsza wydaje się nieoficjalna historia badań. Jak się okazuje, w magazynach Muzeum w Raciborzu znajduje się kilka dalszych wyrobów w typie noży asymetrycznych, będących znaleziskami prawdopodobnie H. Lindnera, ujawnionymi w obrębie miejscowości Pietrowice Wielkie, Cyprzanów i Maków. Ponadto w przeciągu lat 1992-1997 R. Czarneckiemu i J. Pawełkowi udało się zgromadzić dosyć bogatą kolekcję z Pietraszyna 49 (ryc. 1). Nowo odkryte stanowisko mieści się w pobliżu stanowisk Pietraszyn 4, którego stanowi jakby południowe przedłużenie, i Pietraszyn 21. W latach 1997-1999 stanowisko było kontrolowane przez E. Fołtyna, dostarczając dalszych, nielicznych znalezisk. W 1997 r. poddano je obserwacjom stratygraficznym, wykorzystując fakt, iż znajduje się ono w strefie nieczynnej żwirowni (M. Fajer, E. M. Fołtyn, E. Fołtyn, J. K. Kozłowski, w druku).
Human Population Growth and Wildlife Extinction in Ugalla Ecosystem, Western Tanzania

Incessant human population growth is a major cause of wildlife loss worldwide. Wildlife species, which offer a number of human needs, decline or disappear as human populations clear wildlife habitats for anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this paper are to synthesize the available information concerning human and wildlife populations and to develop a spatial GIS model for the Ugalla Ecosystem to estimate the future impacts of increasing human populations on wildlife populations using a combination of fine-resolution human population data for the years 2002, 2012, and 2050. A survey was conducted to supplement data and support the model on the relationships between human and wildlife population densities. Results indicate that by 2050, many of the presently abundant types of wildlife species will begin to disappear as the number of people in contact with wildlife increases. The paper therefore suggests that burgeoining human population around protected areas must be curtailed to enhance both consumptive and non consumptive forms of tourism in future.
Clinical Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in European Hospitals: Excess Mortality and Length of Hospital Stay Related to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance is threatening the successful management of nosocomial infections worldwide. Despite the therapeutic limitations imposed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), its clinical impact is still debated. The objective of this study was to estimate the excess mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS) associated with MRSA bloodstream infections (BSI) in European hospitals. Between July 2007 and June 2008, a multicenter, prospective, parallel matched-cohort study was carried out in 13 tertiary care hospitals in as many European countries. Cohort I consisted of patients with MRSA BSI and cohort II of patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) BSI. The patients in both cohorts were matched for LOS prior to the onset of BSI with patients free of the respective BSI. Cohort I consisted of 248 MRSA patients and 453 controls and cohort II of 618 MSSA patients and 1,170 controls. Compared to the controls, MRSA patients had higher 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.4) and higher hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.5). Their excess LOS was 9.2 days. MSSA patients also had higher 30-day (aOR = 2.4) and hospital (aHR = 3.1) mortality and an excess LOS of 8.6 days. When the outcomes from the two cohorts were compared, an effect attributable to methicillin resistance was found for 30-day mortality (OR = 1.8; P = 0.04), but not for hospital mortality (HR = 1.1; P = 0.63) or LOS (difference = 0.6 days; P = 0.96). Irrespective of methicillin susceptibility, S. aureus BSI has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. In addition, MRSA BSI leads to a fatal outcome more frequently than MSSA BSI. Infection control efforts in hospitals should aim to contain infections caused by both resistant and susceptible S. aureus.
Text Generation for Populating Semi-structured Tables

Heterogeneous semi-structured tables are commonly used to represent data on the internet. Recent years have seen a flurry of works in tasks that endeavor to comprehend such tabular information, such as table summarization, tabular question answering, and tabular fact-checking, to name a few. In this work, we proffer a new task in the realm of tabular data analysis called ‘ Populating Semi-structured Tables ’, wherein, given a partially filled table and related content, the aim is to generate text for the missing cells in the table. While most of the tasks that reason over semi-structured tables utilize the transformer-based sequence-to-sequence models, the table’s hierarchical structure and long-tailed nature seem to limit the performance of language models. Thus, we extend the traditional sequence-to-sequence models and propose sequence to multi-sequence models to handle multiple missing cell contents which are partially dependent on each other. Our inspiration comes from the system used for one-to-many sequence transduction problems with speech data which is yet to be experimented with for natural language generation tasks. The results show that our model, ‘ Mu ltiple Ce ll F iller’ ( MuCeF ) is better than the top baseline by a 15 . 44 ROUGE score and 34 . 54 METEOR score. Resources related to this work will be open-sourced for further research.
Title : Stabilization of Regenerating-Mode Operation in Sensorless Induction Motor Drives by Full-Order Flux Observer Design Year : 2004 Version : Post print

This paper deals with the full-order flux observer design for speed-sensorless induction motor drives. An unstable region encountered in the regenerating mode at low speeds is well known. To remedy the problem, a modified speed-adaptation law is proposed. Instead of using only the current estimation error perpendicular to the estimated flux, the parallel component is also exploited in the regenerating mode. Using current estimation error loci in steady state, a linearized model, simulations, and experiments, it is shown that the observer using the proposed speed-adaptation law does not have the unstable region. It is also shown that the effect of erroneous parameter estimates on the accuracy of the observer is comparatively small.
Wetland Soils and Vegetation, Arctic Foothills, Alaska.

Abstract : Analyses of relationships between hydric soils and wetland plant species were made at a site in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska, as part of a cooperative effort between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Soil Conservation Service to develop methods for field identification of wetlands and hydric soils. The site is considered to be representative of broad regions of acidic tussock tundra in the foothills. Seven soil types (subgroups) were identified at the site. All except two are considered hydric.
Controllable chemical vapor deposition of large area uniform nanocrystalline graphene directly on silicon dioxide

Metal-catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of large area uniform nanocrystalline graphene on oxidized silicon substrates is demonstrated. The material grows slowly, allowing for thickness control down to monolayer graphene. The as-grown thin films are continuous with no observable pinholes, and are smooth and uniform across whole wafers, as inspected by optical-, scanning electron-, and atomic force microscopy. The sp(2) hybridized carbon structure is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Room temperature electrical measurements show ohmic behavior (sheet resistance similar to exfoliated graphene) and up to 13% of electric-field effect. The Hall mobility is similar to 40 cm(2)/ Vs, which is an order of magnitude higher than previously reported values for nanocrystalline graphene. Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transport measurements indicate a graphene crystalline domain size similar to 10 nm. The absence of transfer to another substrate allows avoidance of wrinkles, holes, and etching residues which are usually detrimental to device performance. This work provides a broader perspective of graphene CVD and shows a viable route toward applications involving transparent electrodes.