Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Major Medicinal Honeys Have Different Mechanisms of Bactericidal Activity Kwakman,

Honey is increasingly valued for its antibacterial activity, but knowledge regarding the mechanism of action is still incomplete. We assessed the bactericidal activity and mechanism of action of RevamilH source (RS) honey and manuka honey, the sources of two major medical-grade honeys. RS honey killed Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 2 hours, whereas manuka honey had such rapid activity only against B. subtilis. After 24 hours of incubation, both honeys killed all tested bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but manuka honey retained activity up to higher dilutions than RS honey. Bee defensin-1 and H2O2 were the major factors involved in rapid bactericidal activity of RS honey. These factors were absent in manuka honey, but this honey contained 44-fold higher concentrations of methylglyoxal than RS honey. Methylglyoxal was a major bactericidal factor in manuka honey, but after neutralization of this compound manuka honey retained bactericidal activity due to several unknown factors. RS and manuka honey have highly distinct compositions of bactericidal factors, resulting in large differences in bactericidal activity. Citation: Kwakman PHS, te Velde AA, de Boer L, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, Zaat SAJ (2011) Two Major Medicinal Honeys Have Different Mechanisms of Bactericidal Activity. PLoS ONE 6(3): e17709. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0017709 Editor: Pere-Joan Cardona, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona CibeRES, Spain Received December 22, 2010; Accepted February 8, 2011; Published March 4, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Kwakman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: s.a. zaat@amc.uva. nl
A Multidisciplinary multi-scale framework for assessing vulnerability to global change

Pyrotechnic/explosive initiator for use with a detonating cord or fuse comprising an elongated hollow tube with a longitudinally extending channel through which a gaseous percussion wave is propagated. The initiator includes a charge of pyrotechnic or explosive material and a valve for cutting off communication between the gas channel and the charge upon initiation of the charge to prevent gases and other reaction products from being exhausted back into the fuse.
Identification and Study of the Action Mechanism of Small Compound That Inhibits Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known to cause annual epidemics of respiratory infections; however, the lack of specific treatment options for this disease poses a challenge. In light of this, there has been a concerted effort to identify small molecules that can effectively combat RSV. This article focuses on the mechanism of action of compound K142, which was identified as a primary screening leader in the earlier stages of the project. The research conducted demonstrates that K142 significantly reduces the intensity of virus penetration into the cells, as well as the formation of syncytia from infected cells. These findings show that the compound’s interaction with the surface proteins of RSV is a key factor in its antiviral activity. Furthermore, pharmacological modeling supports that K142 effectively interacts with the F-protein. However, in vivo studies have shown only weak antiviral activity against RSV infection, with a slight decrease in viral load observed in lung tissues. As a result, there is a need to enhance the bioavailability or antiviral properties of this compound. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that further modifications of the compound under study could potentially increase its antiviral activity.
Additively manufactured aluminium nested composite hybrid rocket fuel grains with breathable blades

ABSTRACT Hybrid rocket engines suffer from the restricted mechanical properties and low regression rates of current polymeric fuel grains. We propose a three-dimensional printed aluminium (Al) nested composite fuel grain with millimetre-scale lattice pores (referred to as Al-L). In this study, breathable Al blades with micrometer-scale interconnected pores (Al-B) and blades combining millimetre-scale and micrometer-scale pores (Al-B&L) are designed. The formation mechanisms, characteristics, and effects of the breathable blades are analysed in simulations, micro-computed tomography, and cyclic compression tests. The mechanical properties of the composite fuel grains are investigated numerically and in compression tests. Al-B has the highest Young’s modulus at more than 15 times that of a paraffin-based fuel grain and Al-B&L has the highest yield stress at 4 times that of the paraffin-based fuel grain. Referring to combustion properties, the regression rates of the Al-B and Al-B&L grains are respectively 63.3% and 58.2% greater than the regression rate of the paraffin-based fuel grain.
Cognitive load reduces context recollection for true sentences

ABSTRACT The dual-recollection model has been successfully applied in research on memory for truth and falsity, suggesting that “true” feedback is better recollected than “false” feedback. We used this approach to test whether the Cartesian or the Spinozan model would be a better framework to describe processes underlying memory for truth and falsity. Our sample consisted of 108 students, who performed the conjoint recognition test under: no-load, refreshing-interference or rehearsal-interference conditions. We found no difference in the rate of falsely attributing “true” label to false sentences than vice versa under cognitive load, which supported the Cartesian model. Multinomial processing tree model analyses confirmed better context memory for true than false sentences in no-load condition. Cognitive load mostly influenced context recollection for true sentences, with nonsignificant effects on context recollection for false sentences, which contradicts the Spinozan model.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RELAPSE IN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

Background: Alcohol related disorders are highly prevalent in the South Indian State of Kerala. This study looks into the relapse rate & factors associated with relapse in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The aim are to follow up patients diagnosed with AUD at a tertiary care hospital and to assess relapse rates and factors associated with relapse at periodic time intervals, To examine the association between relapse and various factors like (demographic variables, clinical parameters, comorbid psychiatric disorders, motivation at discharge, stressful life events & perceived social support), Comparison of these factors in patients who were in relapse versus in those who abstained from alcohol. Materials and Methods: Hundred inpatients meeting DSM5 Criteria for AUD were included in this study. After 2 weeks of detoxification, patients were assessed for socio-demographic and clinical variables. Comorbid psychiatric illness is diagnosed using DSM5.SOCRATES, PSLES, SSQ Scales were applied at baseline. After discharge these patients were followed up at 3, 6 & 12 months for relapse. The correlation of various psychosocial factors with relapse is also assessed. Result: Eighty-seven patients completed the study, among which 32.2% remained abstinent for a year. The relapse rate at 3, 6 and 12months were 37.9%, 25.3% and 4.6% respectively. The annual relapse rate was 67.8% (in all groups) and the major relapse occurred in the first 3 months. Low relapse rates were noted in sub groups having higher education and from urban backgrounds. Disulfiram helped to decrease relapse significantly. Motivation and stressful life events were also found to be important factors associated with relapse. Conclusion: Our study shows that relapse rate is almost similar to most of the outcome studies of alcohol dependent patients with maximum relapse rate within 3 months of treatment.
High-resolution paleoceanography and modeling of abrupt warming events on greenhouse earth

I begin by investigating patterns of global overturning circulation in the warm Paleocene epoch, a time when previous studies have suggested weak deep-ocean aging gradients and sluggish circulation. Using a new benthic foraminiferal stable isotope dataset from the high- latitude South Pacific, I demonstrate that deep waters formed in the Southern Pacific (probably around the Ross Sea) at least intermittently during the Paleocene. I also suggest a number of distinct reorganizations of overturning during this epoch. I continue by assessing the potential connections between a series of postulated hyperthermal events in the early-middle Eocene with the sequence of hyperthermals in the late Paleocene to early Eocene that bracket the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (56 Ma). Through a detailed comparison of the structure of all the suggested events in this interval, I demonstrate the similarity of most events, with the PETM and the subsequent Elmo event 2 Myr later appearing as outliers. I also use a new method for identifying whether events appear significantly different from background variability. Finally, I adapt a threshold model to suggest that a common mechanism is plausible for all events. I extend my analysis of the multiple hyperthermal events of the Paleocene-Eocene to synthesize records of all possible hyperthermal events from 250 to 40 Ma. I primarily compare records of bulk carbonate carbon isotopes, but also assess other environmental consequences of each event. This study represents the first such synthesis of postulated hyperthermals. Finally, I use the GENIE model to assess the degree to which an individual deep-sea sedimentary record records the magnitude of environmental perturbation represented by an early-middle Eocene hyperthermal. I develop a method to back' out the true excursion size by utilizing the sedimentary model in GENIE. I use model results to compare the range of and controls on inter-site variability in the size, timing, and overall duration of the event
Editorial: Exploiting wheat biodiversity and agricultural practices for tackling the effects of climate change

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Aloisi, Yacoubi, Gadaleta, Schwember and Marcotuli. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 18 August 2023 DOI 10.3389/fpls.2023. 1257502
Use Patterns of Smartphone Apps and Wearable Devices Supporting Physical Activity and Exercise: Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Physical inactivity is a global health issue, and mobile health (mHealth) apps are expected to play an important role in promoting physical activity. Empirical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and efficiency of app-based interventions, and an increasing number of apps with more functions and richer content have been released. Regardless of the success of mHealth apps, there are important evidence gaps in the literature; that is, it is largely unknown who uses what app functions and which functions are associated with physical activity. Objective This study aims to investigate the use patterns of apps and wearables supporting physical activity and exercise in a Japanese-speaking community sample. Methods We recruited 20,573 web-based panelists who completed questionnaires concerning demographics, regular physical activity levels, and use of apps and wearables supporting physical activity. Participants who indicated that they were using a physical activity app or wearable were presented with a list of app functions (eg, sensor information, goal setting, journaling, and reward), among which they selected any functions they used. Results Approximately one-quarter (n=4465) of the sample was identified as app users and showed similar demographic characteristics to samples documented in the literature; that is, compared with app nonusers, app users were younger (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% CI 0.50-0.65), were more likely to be men (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.90), had higher BMI scores (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), had higher levels of education (university or above; OR 1.528, 95% CI 1.19-1.99), were more likely to have a child (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28) and job (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.40), and had a higher household income (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21-1.62). Our results revealed unique associations between demographic variables and specific app functions. For example, sensor information, journaling, and GPS were more frequently used by men than women (ORs <0.84). Another important finding is that people used a median of 2 (IQR 1-4) different functions within an app, and the most common pattern was to use sensor information (ie, self-monitoring) and one other function such as goal setting or reminders. Conclusions Regardless of the current trend in app development toward multifunctionality, our findings highlight the importance of app simplicity. A set of two functions (more precisely, self-monitoring and one other function) might be the minimum that can be accepted by most users. In addition, the identified individual differences will help developers and stakeholders pave the way for the personalization of app functions.
Rapid appearance quality of rice based on machine vision and convolutional neural network research on automatic detection system

Introduction In the process of rice production and storage, there are many defects in the traditional detection methods of rice appearance quality, but using modern high-precision instruments to detect the appearance quality of rice has gradually developed into a new research trend at home and abroad with the development of agricultural artificial intelligence. Methods In this study, we independently designed a fast automatic rice appearance quality detection system based on machine vision technology by introducing convolutional neural network and image processing technology. In this study, NIR and RGB images were generated into five-channel image data by superposition function, and image are preprocessed by combining the Watershed algorithm with the Otus adaptive threshold function. Different grains in the samples were labeled and put in the convolutional neural network for training. The rice grains were classified and the phenotype data were analyzed by selecting the optimal training model to realize the detection of rice appearance quality. Results and discussion The experimental results showed that the resolution of the system could reach 92.3%. In the detection process, the system designed with this method not only reduces the subjectivity problems caused by different detection environments, visual fatigue caused large sample size and the inspector’s personal factors, but also significantly improves the detection time and accuracy, which further enhances the detection efficiency of rice appearance quality, and has positive significance for the development of the rice industry.
Debris-flow monitoring with high-frequency LiDAR scanners: A new method to infer the internal dynamics of debris flows

In-situ measurements of debris-flow properties are crucial for understanding their movement mechanisms and quantifying their impact. Here we present the first results of a field monitoring campaign, at Illgraben, Switzerland, to measure debris-flow parameters using high temporal (10 Hz) and spatial resolution LiDAR sensors at several locations along the channel. The point cloud data is projected onto video images to enhance visualization and aid in the interpretation of the measurements. We process the data using machine vision and deep learning based algorithms, and show that this system can accurately measure front and flow surface velocity, flow depth and bed elevation change, as well as the size, style of motion (e.g. rotating or floating without rotation) and trajectories of individual particles. This system thus provides a promising new method for inferring the internal dynamics of debris flows.
Growth in Energy Needs in Northeast Asia: Projecti ons, Consequences, and Opportuniti es

Over the last two decades and more, rapid economic growth in Northeast Asia—a region of more than1.5 billion people—has rapidly increased regional needs for energy services. In China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) in particular, growth in the need for energy services, and for the fuels—gasoline, coal, electricity, natural gas, and others—that are used to supply those needs, has brought with it a raft of environmental problems, including rapidly mounting greenhouse gas emissions, and increased emissions of other air pollutants, with significant impact on local and regional air quality. As a recent, eye-opening example of these increased needs, China added more than 100 GW of generating capacity—equivalent to 150 percent of the total generation capacity in the ROK as of 2007—in the year 2006 alone, with the vast bulk of that added capacity being coal-fired. The countries of the region already constitute the largest importer market for liquefied natural gas (LNG), and are a major oil import market as well. The Northeast Asian regional share of world primary energy use has been increasing as well; even as energy use in the rest of the world has increased, Northeast Asia’s share has increased from 18.6 percent in 1999 to 24.1% in 2006.
Framing processes in the climate movement: from climate change to climate justice

The climate movement has changed greatly in recent years. Since the wide-ranging umbrella group the Climate Action Network was created in 1989 “to coordinate the NGO response” (Busby 2010: 107) to the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC) there may be said to have been a definite current of radicalisation in the movement. With what has generally judged to be the failure of the body’s 15th conference of the parties, held in Copenhagen in 2009, the movement entered a period of earnest internal debate. Rising Tide North America published a reaction entitled ‘the climate movement is dead. Long live the climate movement’ (Rising Tide 2010); the climate camps in the UK began to question whether they had become ‘media savvy’ at the cost of diluting their message; an alternative summit was convened in the city of Cochabamba by Evo Morales in Bolivia. Debates raged over the actions that the movement should use (direct rather than symbolic), the rejection of the ‘green economy’ solution (where the current global economic system is seen as integral to the destruction of the earth’s climate), and the perceived tendency of the movement to isolate itself from the linked and pertinent issues of other movements (namely human rights and social justice, thus the move towards ideas of climate justice).
RAB7 GTPases as coordinators of plant endomembrane traffic

The ras gene from rat brain (RAB) family of small GTPases is highly conserved among eukaryotes and regulates endomembrane trafficking pathways. RAB7, in particular, has been linked to various processes involved in regulating endocytic and autophagic pathways. Plants have several copies of RAB7 proteins that reflect the intricacy of their endomembrane transport systems. RAB7 activity regulates different pathways of endomembrane trafficking in plants: (1) endocytic traffic to the vacuole; (2) biosynthetic traffic to the vacuole; and (3) recycling from the late endosome to the secretory pathway. During certain developmental and stress related processes another pathway becomes activated (4) autophagic trafficking towards the vacuole that is also regulated by RAB7. RAB7s carry out these functions by interacting with various effector proteins. Current research reveals many unexplored RAB7 functions in connection with stress responses. Thus, this review describes a comprehensive summary of current knowledge of plant RAB7’s functions, discusses unresolved challenges, and recommends prospective future research directions.
Važnost recenziranja u podizanju kvalitete znanosti u sestrinstvu The importance of peer reviewing in improving the quality of nursing sciences

Nowadays, the timely publication of the best works and research results with recommendations for solving the most current problems is the most used channel for disseminating findings with the purpose of integrating evidence into the health system. Scientific communication is crucial in the development of science and the flow of information about new knowledge that scientist achieves during his academic activities. Consequently, peer review is considered the most effective scientific communication model that biomedical journals use when deciding to publish articles. Systematic accumulation of the best new knowledge generated from the scientific environment and channeled into clinical nursing practice is the foundation of improving health care focused on individuals, families, and communities. The review is like an advocate for nursing science in generating innovative contributions to the professional community. Published, peer-reviewed information has the potential to become the basis of standardized action and continuous development in nursing. A quality review helps the author in scientific development, but also the reviewer in gathering the latest knowledge of as-yet-unpublished data from their area of interest. There is a clear global need for mentoring and education of young researchers and reviewers through formal forms of education to contribute to advancing the nursing science, relief of existing experts in collegial observation, and speed up the flow of scientific information.
Research Progress of DcR3 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble glycosylated protein in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a role in tumor and inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulation of the response to infection. Currently, no specific drug that can alleviate or even cure sepsis in a comprehensive and multi-level manner has been found. DcR3 is closely related to sepsis and considerably upregulated in the serum of those patients, and its upregulation is positively correlated with the severity of sepsis and can be a potential biomarker for diagnosis. DcR3 alone or in combination with other markers has shown promising results in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Furthermore, DcR3 is a multipotent immunomodulator that can bind FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A through decoy action, and block downstream apoptosis and inflammatory signaling. It also regulates T-cell and macrophage differentiation and modulates immune status through non-decoy action; therefore, DcR3 could be a potential drug for the treatment of sepsis. The application of DcR3 in the treatment of a mouse model of sepsis also achieved good efficacy. Here, we introduce and discuss the progress in, and suggest novel ideas for, research regarding DcR3 in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.