Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Challenges of Cyber Threat and Vulnerability Identification Using Public Enumerations

Identification of cyber threats is one of the essential tasks for security teams. Currently, cyber threats can be identified using knowledge organized into various formats, enumerations, and knowledge bases. This paper studies the current challenges of identifying vulnerabilities and threats in cyberspace using enumerations and data about assets. Although enumerations are used in practice, we point out several issues that still decrease the quality of vulnerability and threat identification. Since vulnerability identification methods are based on network monitoring and agents, the issues are related to the asset discovery, the precision of vulnerability discovery, and the amount of data. On the other hand, threat identification utilizes graph-based, nature-language, machine-learning, and ontological approaches. The current trend is to propose methods that utilize tactics, techniques, and procedures instead of low-level indicators of compromise to make cyber threat identification more mature. Cooperation between standards from threat, vulnerability, and asset management is also an unresolved issue confirmed by analyzing relationships between public enumerations and knowledge bases. Last, we studied the usability of techniques from the MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base for threat modeling using network monitoring to capture data. Although network traffic is not the most used data source, it allows the modeling of almost all tactics from the MITRE ATT&CK.
Very Large Array Multiband Radio Imaging of the Triple AGN Candidate SDSS J0849+1114

Kiloparsec-scale triple active galactic nuclei (AGNs), potential precursors of gravitationally bound triple massive black holes (MBHs), are rarely seen objects and believed to play an important role in the evolution of MBHs and their host galaxies. In this work we present a multiband (3.0, 6.0, 10.0, and 15.0 GHz), high-resolution radio imaging of the triple AGN candidate, SDSS J0849+1114, using the Very Large Array. Two of the three nuclei (A and C) are detected at 3.0, 6.0, and 15 GHz for the first time, both exhibiting a steep spectrum over 3–15 GHz (with a spectral index −0.90 ± 0.05 and −1.03 ± 0.04) consistent with a synchrotron origin. Nucleus A, the strongest nucleus among the three, shows a double-sided jet, with the jet orientation changing by ∼20° between its inner 1″ and the outer 5. ″5 (8.1 kpc) components, which may be explained as the MBH’s angular momentum having been altered by merger-enhanced accretion. Nucleus C also shows a two-sided jet, with the western jet inflating into a radio lobe with an extent of 1. ″5 (2.2 kpc). The internal energy of the radio lobe is estimated to be 5.0 × 1055 erg, for an equipartition magnetic field strength of ∼160 μG. No significant radio emission is detected at all four frequencies for nucleus B, yielding an upper limit of 15, 15, 15, and 18 μJy beam−1 at 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, and 15.0 GHz, based on which we constrain the star formation rate in nucleus B to be ≲0.4 M ⊙ yr−1.
Species of spaces

Classical limits of quantum systems are shown to lead to different conceptions of spaces different from the classical one underlying the process of quantization of such systems. The accent is put in situations where traces of noncommutativity, witness of an emblematic feature of quantum mechanise remains when the Planck constant vanishes, in the framework of noncommutative geometry. Complex canonical transformations, spin-statistics, topological quantum fields theory, long time semiclassical approximation and underlying chaotic dynamics are considered, together with a comparison/fusion of classical unpredictability with quantum indeterminism. CNRS & LJLL Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France France, e-mail: thierry.paul@upmc.fr 1
Root Adaptation to H 2 O 2 -Induced Oxidative Stress by ARF-GEF BEN1- and Cytoskeleton-Mediated PIN2 Trafﬁcking

Abiotic stress poses constant challenges for plant survival and is a serious problem for global agricultural productivity. On a molecular level, stress conditions result in elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production causing oxidative stress associated with oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids as well as impairment of membrane functions. Adaptation of root growth to ROS accumulation is facilitated through modiﬁcation of auxin and cytokinin hormone homeostasis. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis root meristem, ROS-induced changes of auxin levels correspond to decreased abundance of PIN auxin efﬂux carriers at the plasma membrane (PM). Speciﬁcally, increase in H 2 O 2 levels affects PIN2 endocytic recycling. We show that the PIN2 intracellular trafﬁcking during adaptation to oxidative stress requires the function of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) BEN1, an actin-associated regulator of the trafﬁcking from the PM to early endosomes and, presumably, indirectly, trafﬁcking to the vacuoles. We propose that H 2 O 2 levels affect the actin dynamics thus modulating ARF-GEF-dependent trafﬁcking of PIN2. This mechanism provides a way how root growth acclimates to stress and adapts to a changing environment. ester conjugate; IAOx, indole-3-acetaldoxime; iP, N6-( (cid:2) 2-isopentenyl) adenine; iPR, isopentenyl-adenosine; LAX, LIKE AUX1; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; LE/PVC/MVBs, late endosomes/prevacuolar compartments/multi vesicular bodies; MZ, meristematic zone; MS, Murashige and Skoog; O (cid:3) 2 , superoxide anion radical; ox-IAA, 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid; ox-IAA-glc, ox-IAA-glucose ester conjugate; PAA, phenylacetic acid; PIN, PIN FORMED; PM, plasma membrane; QC, quiescent center; R2D2, rapid auxin-input reporter; RAM, root apical meristem; SNX1, SORTING NEXIN1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGN/EE, trans-Golgi Network /early endosome; TIR1, TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1; tZ, trans-zeatin ; tZR, trans-zeatin riboside; TZ, transition zone; UPB1, UPBEAT1.
theoretical comparison of real

There are many potential reasons for unemployment, and the observation of unemployment is surely not sufficient in itself to justify the conclusion that labour markets are malfunctioning. But the most widely accepted explanation for high European unemployment is that European-type welfare state institutions are an impediment to economic development because they create frictions leading to sclerosis. If Europe wants to maintain its position in the world economy, it is argued, it needs to change its institutions. The typical line of reasoning proceeds as follows:
Ethology, Zoosemiotic and Sociobiology 1

SYNOPSIS. Current research reveals that the somewhat separate subdisciplines ethology, zoosemiotic and sociobiology function together in clarifying animal behavior. Ethology is taken as the study of individual behavioral patterns, zoosemiotic as the study of animal communication, and sociobiology as the study of social organization. The explosive progress in all research areas cannot be summarized briefly but examples are drawn to provide the flavor of each subdiscipline and their interactions. Among the illustrative topics selected are behavioral development, animal orientation, signal structure, the context of com- munication, language, mating systems and cooperative breeding. At junctures some possible paths toward future study are identified, but the concluding examples point to the principal theme and prediction: the integrated study of behavior combining historically distinct approaches—which promises to help clarify not only the lives of our fellow earthly inhabitants but our own lives as well.
Molecular Mechanism of Renal Tubule Transport (cid:2) -Ketoglutarate stimulates pendrin-dependent Cl (cid:3) absorption in the mouse CCD through protein kinase C

stimulates pendrin-dependent Cl (cid:3) absorption in the mouse CCD through protein kinase C. Am J Physiol Physiol 315: F7–F15, (cid:2) -Keto-glutarate ( (cid:2) -KG) is a citric acid cycle intermediate and a glutamine catabolism product. It is also the natural ligand of 2-oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1), a G q protein-coupled receptor expressed on the apical membrane of intercalated cells. In the cortical collecting duct (CCD), Cl (cid:3) /HCO 3 (cid:2) exchange increases upon (cid:2) -KG binding to the OXGR1. To determine the signaling pathway(s) by which (cid:2) -KG stimulates Cl (cid:3) absorption, we examined (cid:2) -KG-stimulated Cl (cid:3) absorption in isolated perfused mouse CCDs. (cid:2) -KG increased electroneutral Cl (cid:3) absorption in CCDs from wild-type mice but had no effect on Cl (cid:3) absorption in pendrin knockout mice. Because G q protein-coupled receptors activate PKC, we hypothesized that (cid:2) -KG stimulates Cl (cid:3) absorption through PKC. If so, PKC agonists should mimic, whereas PKC inhibitors should abolish, (cid:2) -KG-stimulated Cl (cid:3) absorption. Like (cid:2) -KG, PKC agonist (phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, 500 nM) application increased Cl (cid:3) absorption in wild-type but not in pendrin null CCDs. Moreover, PKC inhibitors (2.5 mM GF109203X and 20 nM calphostin C), Ca 2 (cid:4) chelators (BAPTA, 10–20 (cid:5) M), or PKC- (cid:2) or - (cid:6) gene ablation eliminated (cid:2) -KG-stimulated Cl (cid:3) absorption. We have shown that STE20/SPS-1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) gene ablation increases urinary (cid:2) -KG excretion, renal pendrin abundance, and CCD Cl (cid:3) absorption. However, in SPAK null CCDs, Cl (cid:3) absorption was not activated further by luminal (cid:2) -KG application nor was Cl (cid:3) absorption reduced with the PKC inhibitor GF109203. Thus SPAK gene ablation likely acts through a PKC-independent pathway to produce a chronic adaptive increase in pendrin function. In conclusion, (cid:2) -KG stimulates pendrin-dependent Cl (cid:3) / HCO 3 (cid:2) exchange through a mechanism dependent on PKC and Ca 2 (cid:4) that involves PKC- (cid:2) and PKC- (cid:6) .
Hyb‐Seq provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China

A species complex is an assemblage of closely related species with blurred boundaries, and from which species could arise from different speciation processes and/or a speciation continuum. Such a complex can provide an opportunity to investigate evolutionary mechanisms acting on speciation. The Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex in China, a monophyletic group of Chrysanthemum, consists of seven species with considerable morphological variation, diverse habitats and different distribution patterns. Here, we used Hyb‐Seq data to construct a well‐resolved phylogeny of the C. zawadskii complex. Then, we performed comparative analyses of variation patterns in morphology, ecology and distribution to investigate the roles of geography and ecology in this complex’s diversification. Lastly, we implemented divergence time estimation, species distribution modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to trace the evolutionary history of this complex. We concluded that the C. zawadskii complex originated in the Qinling–Daba mountains during the early Pliocene and then spread west and northward along the mountain ranges to northern China. During this process, geographical and ecological factors imposing different influences resulted in the current diversification and distribution patterns of this species complex, which is composed of both well‐diverged species and diverging lineages on the path of speciation.
Characterization of an autonomous pathway complex that promotes flowering in Arabidopsis

Abstract Although previous studies have identified several autonomous pathway components that are required for the promotion of flowering, little is known about how these components cooperate. Here, we identified an autonomous pathway complex (AuPC) containing both known components (FLD, LD and SDG26) and previously unknown components (EFL2, EFL4 and APRF1). Loss-of-function mutations of all of these components result in increased FLC expression and delayed flowering. The delayed-flowering phenotype is independent of photoperiod and can be overcome by vernalization, confirming that the complex specifically functions in the autonomous pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with sequencing indicated that, in the AuPC mutants, the histone modifications (H3Ac, H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) associated with transcriptional activation are increased, and the histone modification (H3K27me3) associated with transcriptional repression is reduced, suggesting that the AuPC suppresses FLC expression at least partially by regulating these histone modifications. Moreover, we found that the AuPC component SDG26 associates with FLC chromatin via a previously uncharacterized DNA-binding domain and regulates FLC expression and flowering time independently of its histone methyltransferase activity. Together, these results provide a framework for understanding the molecular mechanism by which the autonomous pathway regulates flowering time.
Prognostic attributes of immune signatures in soft tissue sarcomas show differential dependencies on tumor mutational burden

Cellular and intrinsic markers of sarcoma immunogenicity are poorly understood. To gain insight into whether tumor–immune interactions correlate with clinical aggressiveness, the authors examined the prognostic significance of immune gene signatures in combination with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and cancer–testis antigen (CTA) expression.
Intratumoral immunotherapy using a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo, induces robust antitumor immune responses and enhances immune checkpoint blockade

Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical innate immune sensors that elicit antitumor immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. Although a few TLR agonists have been approved for the treatment of patients with early-stage superficial cancers, their therapeutic efficacy is limited in patient with advanced invasive cancers. Here, we identified the therapeutic role of a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo (LP), which promotes antitumor immunity and enhances the immune checkpoint blockade. Methods We generated LP by combining a TLR2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, with a TLR3 agonist, Poly (I:C). Immune responses to stimulation with various TLR agonists were compared. Tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally treated with LP, and their tumor sizes were measured. The antitumor effects of LP treatment were determined using flow cytometry, multiplexed imaging, and NanoString nCounter immune profiling. The immunotherapeutic potential of LP in combination with α-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or α-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) was evaluated in syngeneic MC38 colon cancer and B16F10 melanoma. Results The LP treatment induced a potent activation of T helper 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2)-mediated immunity, tumor cell apoptosis, and immunogenic tumor cell death. Intratumoral LP treatment effectively inhibited tumor progression by activating tumor-specific T cell immunity. LP-induced immune responses were mediated by CD8+ T cells and interferon-γ, but not by CD4+ T cells and CD25+ T cells. LP simultaneously activated TLR2 and TLR3 signaling, thereby extensively changing the immune-related gene signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, intratumoral LP treatment led to systemic abscopal antitumor effects in non-injected distant tumors. Notably, LP treatment combined with ɑPD-1 and ɑCTLA-4 further enhanced the efficacy of monotherapy, resulting in complete tumor regression and prolonged overall survival. Furthermore, LP-based combination immunotherapy elicited durable antitumor immunity with tumor-specific immune memory in colon cancer and melanoma. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that intratumoral LP treatment improves the innate and adaptive antitumor immunity within the TME and enhances the efficacy of αPD-1 and αCTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade.
Adaptive Iterative Learning Fault-Tolerant Control for State Constrained Nonlinear Systems With Randomly Varying Iteration Lengths

This article presents an adaptive iterative learning fault-tolerant control algorithm for state constrained nonlinear systems with randomly varying iteration lengths subjected to actuator faults. First, the modified parameters updating laws are designed through a new defined tracking error to handle the randomly varying iteration lengths. Second, the radial basis function neural network method is used to deal with the time-iteration-dependent unknown nonlinearity, and a barrier Lyapunov function is given to cope with the state constraint. Finally, a new barrier composite energy function is used to achieve the tracking error convergence of the presented control algorithm along the iteration axis with the state constraint and then followed with the extension to the high-order case. A simulation for a single-link manipulator is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical studies.
Insights into using green and unconventional technologies to recover natural astaxanthin from microbial biomass

Abstract Microorganisms such as bacteria, microalgae and fungi, are natural and rich sources of several valuable bioactive antioxidant’s compounds, including carotenoids. Among the carotenoids with antioxidant properties, astaxanthin can be highlighted due to its pharmaceutical, feed, food, cosmetic and biotechnological applications. The best-known producers of astaxanthin are yeast and microalgae cells that biosynthesize this pigment intracellularly, requiring efficient and sustainable downstream procedures for its recovery. Conventional multi-step procedures usually involve the consumption of large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are regarded as toxic and hazardous chemicals. Considering these environmental issues, this review is focused on revealing the potential of unconventional extraction procedures [viz., Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH)] combined with alternative green solvents (biosolvents, eutectic solvents and ionic liquids) for the recovery of microbial-based astaxanthin from microalgae (such as Haematococcus pluvialis) and yeast (such as Phaffia rhodozyma) cells. The principal advances in the area, process bottlenecks, solvent selection and strategies to improve the recovery of microbial astaxanthin are emphasized. The promising recovery yields using these environmentally friendly procedures in lab-scale are good indications and directions for their effective use in biotechnological processes for the production of commercial feed and food ingredients like astaxanthin.
Comment on “Relationship between C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting”

entitled “Relationship between c-reactive protein/albumin ratio and new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. ” The authors find that the novel inflammatory marker C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) can be used as a reliable marker to predict the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The find-ings of this survey can bring new judgment indicators for the diagnosis and therapy of AF, to save the diagnosis cost of AF.
Alcohol misuse in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease: How can we do better? A narrative review of the literature

Abstract Background Ongoing alcohol use is strongly associated with progressive liver damage and higher mortality in patients with alcohol‐related liver disease (ArLD). Reduction in alcohol use is therefore the cornerstone of treatment to improve the long‐term outcome of these patients. However, a large proportion of patients continue to use alcohol and do not access or engage with alcohol treatment services after a diagnosis of ArLD. We reviewed the literature on factors associated with ongoing alcohol consumption among patients with ArLD to identify barriers or facilitators to their accessing alcohol treatment. Methods A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted using search strategies relating to ArLD and the psychosocial factors hypothesized to influence alcohol reduction and/or abstinence. Results There were few relevant studies pertinent to this population group. Several studies reported a high prevalence of mental health diagnoses associated with the severity of alcohol dependence. Social and environmental factors were shown to be important determinants of alcohol use. Common themes perceived as barriers to treatment from qualitative interviews with ArLD patients across studies included poor communication between the clinical team and patient, lack of symptoms recognized by patients themselves, and perceived loss of control over their condition. Conclusions We recommend that future clinical studies of patient cohorts with ArLD include detailed psychosocial assessments to capture information on mental health and social factors. Qualitative studies are required to explore the patient journey pre and post hospital admission, which should focus on identifying facilitators and barriers to accessing treatment. Well‐designed, controlled studies are needed to identify patient, social, and environmental factors associated with relapse to alcohol use after a diagnosis of ArLD. These data will enable us to adapt our support for patients to enhance engagement with services and improve long‐term outcomes.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE LOS PACIENTES CON CÁNCER DE CAVIDAD ORAL

Introduccion: El cancer de cavidad oral ocupa el doceavo lugar a nivel mundial. El tratamiento del cancer de cavidad oral es habitualmente cirugia seguida de radioterapia, la cual puede estar indicada sola o con quimioterapia; este tipo de terapias tienen importantes efectos secundarios funcionales sobre el estado nutricio del paciente. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el impacto de los diferentes tratamientos sobre el estado nutricional de los pacientes con cancer de cavidad oral atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia durante el periodo comprendido del 2009 al 2011. Material y metodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 99 pacientes con cancer de cavidad oral. Se registraron las siguientes variables; genero, edad, tipo de tratamiento (cirugia, quimioterapia, radioterapia), complicaciones mas importantes secundarias a tratamiento, perdida de peso, indice de masa corporal (IMC) y albumina. Resultados y discusion: La prevalencia de cancer de cavidad oral fue mayor en mujeres (58,6%); la edad promedio fue de 61,22 anos. Las complicaciones secundarias al tratamiento fueron xerostomia (20%) seguida de odinofagia y mucositis (19%), la relacion de perdida de peso y sintomatologia se observo en el (54%) de los pacientes, debido al tipo de alimentacion previo, durante y despues del tratamiento en los cuales tuvo mayor predominio el uso de papillas. Conclusion: Se observo una perdida de peso debido a las complicaciones del tratamiento medico que afectaron el estado nutricio, por ello es importante tener un monitoreo continuo que apoye el exito del tratamiento multidisciplinario.