Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analytical study on managing human resources through relevant social security measures

Abstract The human factor plays an important role in any pattern of development. During the 21st century, the Indian industries have undergone radical changes not only in the field of technology but also in efficiently managing the human resources. One of the most important elements of production is the labour force ought to be managed in a fruitful way to achieve the desired levels of productivity. Numerous innovative factors are responsible for managing human resources in good ways which are inculcated by the entrepreneurs nowadays. One of the important means of tapping human resources in a better way is providing certain perks and social security measures such as pension benefits, accident cover/insurance, gratuity L.T. C and so on. Our legislation has enabled the provisions of certain security measures for the industrial workers to a significant level. After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (N.E.P) and Liberalisation/Globalisation, industrial workers are covered under New Industrial Policy Pensions Act. The authors [of] this paper paid much attention in analyzing the various social security measures offered to industrial workers and their effect on productivity. The study also shows the way by which the tendency of “Luddism” that prevails among the working class to show their protest to the industrial houses in an indirect way, could be avoided. Furthermore, the study identifies strategies to avoid the market concentration which would lead to exploitation through the formation of cartels and monopolies of the entire market structure. Finally, the study insinuates one of the evil consequences of concentration that paved the way for the reduction of the quantum of security measures.
ON FKG-TYPE AND PERMANENTAL INEQUALITIES

In this paper we survey results from Rinott and Saks (1990) on a "2mfunction" inequality which generalizes the FKG and associated inequalities. We also present related conjectures and partial results on permanents and sums of permutation matrices. We hope that the motivation given in the first part of the paper, and the subsequent discussion will attract the attention of problem solvers to our conjectures.
Determinants of Canadian and US mountain bike tourists’ site Determinants of Canadian and US mountain bike tourists’ site

The purpose of this research was to examine the travel behaviors, travel motivations, and site preferences of Canadian and US mountain bikers to better understand the determinants of destination attractiveness during mountain bike-specific travel. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media of Canadian and US mountain bike clubs to collect data. A total of 1346 responses were collected, however, responses with missing data or from outside of Canada and US were deleted, resulting in a sample of N = 720. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multiple regression analysis. EFA analysis of the 41 pull items extracted seven pull factors consisting of climate, trail conditions, natural setting, information sources, trail features, tourism infrastructure, and entertainment options. EFA analysis of the 20 push items extracted five push factors comprised of stimulus-avoidance, adventure experiences, novelty, competency-mastery, and social encounters. Multiple regression analysis revealed that push factors were correlated with pull factors, indicating that travel push motives and destination pull factors interact to form a mountain bike tourists’ perception of destination attractiveness. The findings offer recommendations for developing and marketing a mountain bike-specific travel destination. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 22 October 2021 Accepted 19 April 2022
Maximal ideal cycles over normal surface singularities of Brieskorn type

For normal two dimensional hypersurface singularities of Brieskorn type, concrete descriptions are given to both the fundamental cycle and the maximal ideal cycle on a star-shaped good resolution space. It is determined when these two cycles coincide. Introduction Let (V , o) be a germ of a normal surface singularity and W (X, E) ! (V , o) a resolution, where E D 1(o) denotes the exceptional set. Let E D SriD1 Ei be the irreducible decomposition of E. A formal sum Y D PriD1 i Ei ( i 2 Z) is called a cycle on E. For a cycle Y , Y is said to be nef on E if Y Ei 0 for all i . Since the intersection form is negative definite on E, the set {Y 0 j Y is nef on E} is nonempty and has the smallest element ZE, the fundamental cycle on E. The arithmetic genus of ZE is called the fundamental genus of (V , o) and we denote it by p f (V , o). Let m be the maximal ideal of OV ,o. For any non-zero f 2 m, the zero divisor of f AE can be written as ( f AE ) D ( f AE )X C D, where ( f AE )X is a cycle on E and D is an effective divisor which does not involve any of Ei ’s. We call ( f AE )X the cycle on E led by f 2 m. The divisorial part ME of the scheme theoretic fiber o is said to be the maximal ideal cycle on E. If f1, ::: , f 2 m generate m, then ME D inf1 i ( fi AE )X by [14, Proposition 2.12]. Since ME is nef, we always have 0 ZE ME. It sometimes happens that ME D ZE, as one can observe for rational singular points, Kodaira singular points and singularities of type {zn D f (x , y)} (n 2, f 2 C{x , y}) when n 0. As for the last type, Tomaru proved in [10, Theorem 4.1] that two cycles coincide on any resolution when n divides ord( f ), extending the well-known result for n D 2 due to Dixon [2, Theorem 1]. However, even for a particular class of singularities, a more systematic study will be required in order to clarify when such a coincidence of important cycles occurs. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 14J17; Secondary 32S25. 226 K. KONNO AND D. NAGASHIMA
Reducing the Silicon Area Overhead of Counter-Based Rowhammer Mitigations

—Modern computer memories have shown to have reliability issues. The main memory is the target of a security threat called Rowhammer, which causes bit flips in adjacent victim cells of aggressor rows. Numerous countermeasures have been proposed, some of the most efficient ones relying on row access counters, with different techniques to reduce the impact on performance, energy consumption and silicon area. In these proposals, the number of counters is calculated using the maximum number of row activations that can be issued to the protected bank. As reducing the number of counters results in lower silicon area and energy overheads, this can have a direct impact on the production and usage costs. In this work, we demonstrate that two of the most efficient countermeasures can have their silicon area overhead reduced by approximately 50% without impacting the protection level by changing their counting granularity.
Interactions between Candida albicans and the resident microbiota

Candida albicans is a prevalent, opportunistic human fungal pathogen. It usually dwells in the human body as a commensal, however, once in its pathogenic state, it causes diseases ranging from debilitating superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. The switch from harmless colonizer to virulent pathogen is, in most cases, due to perturbation of the fungus-host-microbiota interplay. In this review, we focused on the interactions between C. albicans and the host microbiota in the mouth, gut, blood, and vagina. We also highlighted important future research directions. We expect that the evaluation of these interplays will help better our understanding of the etiology of fungal infections and shed new light on the therapeutic approaches.
Isolation of Pseudomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov from a hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater capable of degrading benzene-, toluene-, m- and p-xylene under microaerobic conditions

Members of the genus Pseudomonas are known to be widespread in hydrocarbon contaminated environments because of their remarkable ability to degrade a variety of petroleum hydrocarbons, including BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) compounds. During an enrichment investigation which aimed to study microaerobic xylene degradation in a legacy petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater, a novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as MAP12T was isolated. It was capable of degrading benzene, toluene, meta- and para- xylene effectively under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MAP12T belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, with the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Pseudomonas linyingensis LYBRD3-7T (98.42%), followed by Pseudomonas sagittaria JCM 18195T (98.29%) and Pseudomonas alcaliphila JCM 10630T (98.08%). Phylogenomic tree constructed using a concatenated alignment of 92 core genes indicated that strain MAP12T is distinct from any known Pseudomonas species. The draft genome sequence of strain MAP12T is 4.36 Mb long, and the G+C content of MAP12T genome is 65.8%. Orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses confirmed that strain MAP12T is distinctly separated from its closest neighbors (OrthoANI < 89 %; dDDH < 36%). Though several members of the genus Pseudomonas are well known for their aerobic BTEX degradation capability, this is the first report of a novel Pseudomonas species capable of degrading xylene under microaerobic conditions. By applying genome-resolved metagenomics, we were able to partially reconstruct the genome of strain MAP12T from metagenomics sequence data and showed that strain MAP12T was an abundant member of the xylene-degrading bacterial community under microaerobic conditions. Strain MAP12T contains ubiquinone 9 (Q9) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain MAP12T are summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c). The results of this polyphasic study support that strain MAP12T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, hence the name of Pseudomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed for this strain considering its aromatic hydrocarbon degradation capability. The type strain is MAP12T (=LMG 32466, =NCAIM B.02668).
A brief view of factors that affect plant virus evolution

Viruses are highly evolvable biological entities capable of wreaking havoc on our society. Therefore, a better understanding of virus evolution is important for two main reasons: (i) it will lead to better management of current diseases and prevention of future ones, and (ii) it will contribute to a better understanding of evolutionary processes and their dynamics. In order to understand the evolution of viruses as a whole, it is necessary to consider different elements that shape virus evolution. In this review, we give a general overview of the most relevant factors that determine the evolution of plant viruses. We will focus on mutation rates, epistasis, robustness, recombination, genome organization, virus-host interactions, transmission, community interactions and abiotic factors. Since this review gives a summarized overview of the most important factors in virus evolution it can be a useful starting material for anyone interested in approaching (plant) virus evolution.
Characterization of strains of Anaplasma marginale from clinical cases in bovine using major surface protein 1a in Uruguay

The major surface protein 1a (MSP1a) gene has been used to characterize Anaplasma marginale genetic diversity. This pathogen causes significant productivity and economic losses to the cattle industry. The objective of the present study was to report the first characterization of A. marginale genetic diversity in Uruguay based on MSP1a genotypes and their putative relationship with Rhipicephalus microplus. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2016 and 2020. The study included whole blood samples from clinical cases of bovine anaplasmosis obtained from 30 outbreaks located in six Uruguay territorial departments. Diagnosis was performed using Giemsa-stained smears and confirmed by nested Polymerase Chance Reaction (nPCR) targeting the A. marginale major surface protein 5 gene. The genetic diversity of A. marginale strains was characterized by analyzing the microsatellite and tandem repeats of MSP1a. Based on the microsatellite structure, four genotypes were identified. Genotype E was the most prevalent. Analysis of MSP1a tandem repeats showed 28 different strains from the combination of 31 repeats, with τ-10-15 and α-β-β-β-Γ being the most common. Repeats Γ, β, α, and γ were associated with the absence of R. microplus with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Molecular observations showed that 46.7% of the strains identified in our samples lacked the ability to bind to tick cells; therefore, they were probably transmitted by other vectors. Strain genetic diversity provides valuable information for understanding the epidemiological behavior of A. marginale and could contribute to the development of effective vaccines for the control of this disease.
Time trends in the incidence of essential tremor: Evidences from UK and France primary care data

Introduction Although essential tremor (ET) is considered a common adult movement disorder, evidence on its incidence is still scant. This study aims at estimating ET incidence in two European countries, namely, the UK and France. Methods Incident cases of ET were identified within the Health Improvement Network (THIN®) database between 1st January 2014 and 31 December 2019. Yearly crude and standardized incidence rates (IR) were estimated across the study period for both countries. Poisson regression models were built to assess temporal trends in IRs and differences between sexes and age classes. Results In total, 4,970 and 4,905 incident cases of ET were identified in the UK and France, respectively. The yearly average crude IR (per 100,000 person-years) was 18.20 (95%CI: 15.09–21.32) in UK and 21.42 (17.83–25.00) in France, whereas standardized ones were 19.51 (18.97–20.01) and 19.50 (18.97-20.05). Regression analyses showed slightly increasing trends in both countries, higher incidence among males, and a significant increase with age. Yearly average IR increased from 3.96 (0.95–6.97) and 5.28 (1.12–9.44) in subjects aged <20 years to 49.27 (26.29–72.24) and 51.52 (30.19–72.86) in those aged >80 year in UK and France. Conclusions Standardized ET incidence was comparable in the UK and France, showing a slight increase in both countries, reporting a higher value among people aged 60 years and older. This study outlines the need to conduct future studies to estimate the burden of ET in terms of disease control and healthcare resource utilization.
Impact of examined lymph node number on lymph node status and prognosis in FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinoma: A population-based study

Objective We aimed to investigate the association of examined lymph node (ELN) number with lymph node status and long-term survival in FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC) and to determine the minimum number of ELN associated with survival improvement. Method Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database of FIGO stage IB-IIA CSCC patients undergoing hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in 2004-2016 were analyzed to explore the relationship between ELN number and lymph node status and overall survival (OS) by using the multivariable approach. The estimated probability of falsely identifying a patient as node-negative and the hazard ratios (HRs) for each ELN was fitted with a LOWESS smoother, and the structural breakpoints were determined. X-tile software was used to determine the optimal cutoff value for ELNs. Results A total of 2627 patients were analyzed. The optimal cutoff value of the ELN number was identified as 7 based on the results of X-tile software. The structural breakpoints according to the associations between the number of ELNs and the estimated risk of false-negative lymph node dissection and HRs for overall survival were 9 and 8, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that ELN number was an independent prognostic factor for OS, both as a continuous or categorical variable. To further explore the effect of more ELNs on survival, another cutoff value of 17 was chosen to compare the survival curves of patients. The multivariate-adjusted COX model showed that patients with ELN<8 had a significantly higher risk of death than those with ELN8-17 (HR=1.447, 95% CI =1.075-1.947, p=0.015), but there was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with ELN>17 and patients with ELN8-17 (HR=0.822, 95%CI =0.665-1.016, p=0.070). Conclusion A sufficient number of ELNs was associated with better long-term survival in FIGO stage IB-IIA CSCC. At least 8 ELNs need to be examined for prognostic stratification. Excessive lymph node dissection (ELN>17) may not confer additional survival benefits.
CD8+ T cell-associated genes MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 are prognostic markers and inhibit the progression of colon cancer

Background Colon cancer (CC) is among the top three diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Its increasing incidence imposes a major global health burden. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, can be used for the treatment of CC; however, most patients with CC are resistant to immunotherapy. Therefore, identification of biomarkers that can predict immunotherapy sensitivity is necessary for selecting patients with CC who are eligible for immunotherapy. Methods Differentially expressed genes associated with the high infiltration of CD8+ T cells were identified in CC and para-cancerous samples via bioinformatic analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 were associated with the overall survival of patients with CC. Cellular experiments were performed for verification, and the protein expression of target genes was determined via immunohistochemical staining of CC and the adjacent healthy tissues. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of CC cells with high expression of target genes were determined via in vitro experiments. Results Differential gene expression, weighted gene co-expression and survival analyses revealed that patients with CC with high expression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 had longer overall survival. The expression of these two genes was lower in CC tissues than in healthy colon tissues and was remarkably associated with the infiltration of various immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of CC. Patients with CC with high expression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 were more sensitive to immunotherapy. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining validated the differential expression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and transwell assays revealed that the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of CC cells were weakened after overexpression of MS4A1 and TNFRSF17. Conclusions The core genes MS4A1 and TNFRSF17 can be used as markers to predict the sensitivity of patients with CC to immunotherapy and have potential applications in gene therapy to inhibit CC progression.
Characteristics of menstrual disorders and reproductive hormones in women with epilepsy at an Indonesian national referral hospital

Objective Menstrual disorders are more common in women with epilepsy than in those without epilepsy. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of reproductive function in women with epilepsy at an Indonesian national referral hospital. Methods A case-control study was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021. Women with and without epilepsy aged ≥18 years were enrolled. All women were premenopausal before epilepsy diagnosis. Data on demographic characteristics, menstrual profiles, epileptic syndrome, seizure type, seizure frequency, etiology, localization, and anticonvulsant medication were collected. Hormone levels (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and estradiol) were measured. Results A total of 72 women with and 50 without epilepsy (controls) were included. Dysmenorrhea was more common in women with epilepsy than in those without (59.7 vs. 20%, p < 0.001; odds ratio: 5.931 [95% confidence interval: 2.566–13.709]). Marriage rates were higher in women without epilepsy (82 vs. 45.8%, p < 0.001). No difference was found in hormone levels between the groups. The frequency of seizures was associated with prolactin and estradiol levels (p < 0.001). Polytherapy with clobazam was associated with menstrual cycle regularity. In women with epilepsy with menstrual disorders, valproic acid was associated with higher estradiol levels (p = 0.001) and lamotrigine with lower follicle stimulating hormone levels (p = 0.008). Significance Women with epilepsy experienced more dysmenorrhea. A higher frequency of seizures associated with lower prolactin and estradiol levels. Polytherapy with clobazam was associated with irregular menstrual cycles, while valproic acid and lamotrigine was associated with estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone levels.
An overview on the RSV-mediated mechanisms in the onset of non-allergic asthma

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is recognized as an important risk factor for wheezing and asthma, since it commonly affects babies during lung development. While the role of RSV in the onset of atopic asthma is widely recognized, its impact on the onset of non-atopic asthma, mediated via other and independent causal pathways, has long been also suspected, but the association is less clear. Following RSV infection, the release of local pro-inflammatory molecules, the dysfunction of neural pathways, and the compromised epithelial integrity can become chronic and influence airway development, leading to bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma, regardless of atopic status. After a brief review of the RSV structure and its interaction with the immune system and neuronal pathways, this review summarizes the current evidence about the RSV-mediated pathogenic pathways in predisposing and inducing airway dysfunction and non-allergic asthma development.