Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universal Three Dimensional Optical Logic

Modern integrated circuits are essentially two-dimensional (2D). Partial three-dimensional (3D) integration and 3D-transistor-level integrated circuits have long been anticipated as routes to improve the performance, cost and size of electronic computing systems. Even as electronics approach fundamental limits however, stubborn challenges in 3D circuits, and innovations in planar technology have delayed the dimensional transition. Optical computing offers potential for new computing approaches, substantially greater performance and would complement technologies in optical interconnects and data storage. Nevertheless, despite some progress, few proposed optical transistors possess essential features required for integration into real computing systems. Here we demonstrate a logic gate based on universal features of nonlinear wave propagation: spatiotemporal instability and collapse. It meets the scaling criteria and enables a 3D, reconfigurable, globally-hyperconnected architecture that may achieve an exponential speed up over conventional platforms. It provides an attractive building block for future optical computers, where its universality should facilitate flexible implementations.
Cosmic flows on 100 h−1 Mpc scales: standardized minimum variance bulk flow, shear and octupole moments

The low order moments, such as the bulk flow and shear, of the large scale peculiar velocity field are sensitive probes of the matter density fluctuations on very large scales. In practice, however, peculiar velocity surveys are usually sparse and noisy, which can lead to the aliasing of small scale power into what is meant to be a probe of the largest scales. Previously, we developed an optimal “minimum variance” (MV) weighting scheme, designed to overcome this problem by minimizing the difference between the measured bulk flow (BF) and that which would be measured by an ideal survey. Here we extend this MV analysis to include the shear and octupole moments, which are designed to have almost no correlations between them so that they are virtually orthogonal. We apply this MV analysis to a compilation of all major peculiar velocity surveys, consisting of 4536 measurements. Our estimate of the BF on scales of � 100h 1 Mpc has a magnitude of |v| = 416±78 km/s towards Galactic l = 282 o ±11 o
EFFECT OF PHOTODESORPTION ON THE SNOW LINES AT THE SURFACE OF OPTICALLY THICK CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AROUND HERBIG Ae/Be STARS

We investigate the effect of photodesorption on the snow line position at the surface of a protoplanetary disk around a Herbig Ae/Be star, motivated by the detection of water ice particles at the surface of the disk around HD142527 by Honda et al. For this aim, we obtain the density and temperature structure in the disk with a 1+1D radiative transfer and determine the distribution of water ice particles in the disk by the balance between condensation, sublimation, and photodesorption. We find that photodesorption induced by far-ultraviolet radiation from the central star depresses the ice-condensation front toward the mid-plane and pushes the surface snow line significantly outward when the stellar effective temperature exceeds a certain critical value. This critical effective temperature depends on the stellar luminosity and mass, the water abundance in the disk, and the yield of photodesorption. We present an approximate analytic formula for the critical temperature. We separate Herbig Ae/Be stars into two groups on the HR diagram according to the critical temperature: one is the disks where photodesorption is effective and from which we may not find ice particles at the surface, and the other is the disks where photodesorption is not effective. We estimate the snow line position at the surface of the disk around HD142527 to be 100–300 AU, which is consistent with the water ice detection at >140 AU in the disk. All the results depend on the dust grain size in a complex way, and this point requires more work in the future.
Detecção de Doenças em Imagens de Raios-X da Coluna Lombo-Sacra com Convnets

Ao longo dos anos, o uso de sistemas CAD no auxilio a diagnósticos vem se tornado mais importante. Um exame que possibilita várias aplicações CAD é o de Lombo-Sacra. Esse exame fornece radiografias detalhadas da coluna vertebral, especificamente das regiões lombar, sacral e coccígea permitindo detectar doenças como artrose, escoliose, espondilartrose, lordose, osteófitos, redução do espaço discal, dentre outras. Nesse contexto, desenvolvemos uma metodologia de sistema CAD baseado em Deep-learning para atuar em Lombo-sacra. Para tal, utilizamos um conjunto de dados contendo 16,024 exames, mais heterogêneo que os do estado da arte. Além disso, desenvolvemos um ensemble na classificação utilizando imagens frontais e laterais do mesmo exame, o que permite classificar um número maior de patologias, o que torna o processo ainda mais preciso diminuindo assim os falsos positivos.
THE BERGER-SHAW THEOREM IN THE HARDY MODULE OVER THE BIDISK

It is well known that the Hardy space over the bidisk D 2 is an A(D 2 ) module and that A(D 2 ) is contained in H 2 (D 2 ). Suppose (h) A(D 2 ) is the principal ideal generated by a polynomial h, then its closure (h)( H 2 (D 2 )) and the quotient H 2 (D 2 ) (h) are both A(D 2 ) modules. We let Rz,Rw be the actions of the coordinate functions z and w on (h), and let Sz,Sw be the actions of z and w on H 2 (D 2 ) (h). In this paper, we will show that Rz and Rw, as well as Sz and Sw, essentially doubly commute. Moreover, both (R w,Rz) and (S w,Sz) are actually Hilbert-Schmidt.
Context-Aware Service Discovery: Graph Techniques for IoT Network Learning and Socially Connected Objects

Adopting Internet-of-things (IoT) in large-scale environments such as smart cities raises compatibility and trustworthiness challenges, hindering conventional service discovery and network navigability processes. The IoT network is known for its highly dynamic topology and frequently changing characteristics (e.g., the devices’ status, such as battery capacity and computational power); traditional methods fail to learn and understand the evolving behavior of the network to enable real-time and context-aware service discovery in such diverse and large-scale topologies of IoT networks. The Social IoT (SIoT) concept, which defines the relationships among the connected objects, can be exploited to extract established relationships between devices and enable trustworthy and context-aware services. In fact, SIoT expresses the possible connections that devices can establish in the network and reflect compatibility, trustworthiness, and so on. In this paper, we investigate the service discovery process in SIoT networks by proposing a low-complexity context-aware Graph Neural Network (GNN) approach to enable rapid and dynamic service discovery. Unlike the conventional graph-based techniques, the proposed approach simultaneously embeds the devices’ features and their SIoT relations. Our simulations on a real-world IoT dataset show that the proposed GNN-based approach can provide more concise clusters compared to traditional techniques, namely the Louvain and Leiden algorithms. This allows a better IoT network learning and understanding and also, speeds up the service lookup search space. Finally, we discuss implementing the GNN-assisted context-service discovery processes in novel smart city IoT-enabled applications.
Top applications of dermatologic ultrasonography that can modify management

Dermatologic ultrasonography is a new field that has been growing exponentially in the last 10 years. It has multiple applications that can modify patient management, such as the assessment of benign and malignant cutaneous tumors, vascular anomalies, inflammatory dermatologic entities, aesthetic complications, and nail lesions. Compared with other imaging techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography has the highest axial spatial resolution and has benefited from the development of high- and ultra-high-frequency probes that could even reach 70 MHz. The daily use of ultrasonography in dermatology has been reported to improve the accuracy of diagnoses, the tracking of activity, and the assessment of severity in common dermatologic conditions, which certainly can support better treatment of patients.
Quantum Cryptography Protocol Based on Sending Entangled Qubit Pairs

The quantum key distribution protocol BB84, published by C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard in 1984, describes how two spatially separated parties can generate a random bit string fully known only to them by transmission of single-qubit quantum states. Any attempt to eavesdrop on the protocol introduces disturbance which can be detected by the legitimate parties. In this Master's Thesis a novel modification to the BB84 protocol is analyzed. Instead of sending single particles one-by-one as in BB84, they are grouped and a non-local transformation is applied to each group before transmission. Each particle is sent to the intended receiver, always delaying the transmission until the receiver has acknowledged the previous particle on an authenticated classical channel, restricting eavesdropping to accessing the quantum transmission one particle at a time. Hence, an eavesdropper cannot undo the non-local transformation perfectly. Even if perfect cloning of quantum states was possible the state of the group could not be cloned. We calculate the maximal information on the established key provided by an intercept-resend attack and the induced disturbance for different transformations. We observe that it is possible to significantly reduce the eavesdropper's maximal information on the key--to one eighth of that in BB84 for a fixed, reasonable amount of disturbance. We also show that the individual access to the particles poses a fundamental restriction to the eavesdropper, and discuss a novel attack type against the proposed protocol.
An Introduction to High Sample Rate Nyquist Analog-to-Digital Converters

Increasingly wider band analog signals found in multiple information and communication technology applications, requiring real-time digital signal processing, demand analog-to-digital converters with ever higher sample rate. Several innovative techniques, from the circuit level, to architecture and algorithms, have enabled remarkable breakthroughs in a relatively short span of time. This overview article aims to introduce this topic and to point to some of the most notable results, while also highlighting open problems and engineering trends.
Use of sesame by-product and optimized extrusion to obtain a functional flour with improved techno-functional, nutritional and antioxidant properties

Sesame is used mainly to obtain oil, generating a sesame by-product cake that is rich in protein, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals. Extrusion is an efficient technology to obtain functional foods. The aim of this work was to optimize the extrusion process to find the best combination of extrusion temperature (ET)/screw speed (SS) in order to produce optimized extruded sesame by-product flour (OESBF), with high values of water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AoxA). A rotatable composite central experimental design with two factors and five levels was applied. Desirability function was used to optimize the extrusion process variables. The best combination of extrusion process variables was ET = 139 °C/80 rpm. The OESBF showed higher values of evaluated responses than unprocessed sesame by-product flour, suggesting that OESBF could be used in beverages, porridges, and deserts.
A Family of Impedance Source DC-DC Converters With Zero Input Current Ripple

A family of impedance source dc–dc converters with zero input current ripple is proposed in this article. The proposed converters include one additional input inductor, a capacitor and a winding coupling with the Y-source on the input side of the original impedance source converters. The voltage of the added winding is opposite of that of the input inductor. Accordingly, the input current ripple can be reduced to zero. Moreover, the two input inductors can be coupled, it means only one capacitor and two windings are needed to be added in the proposed converter. Above all, the proposed converters can promote the life of the photovoltaic array due to the reduction of the input current ripple. In addition, the proposed converters inherit all advantages of the original converters, like high voltage gain and low voltage stress. Detailed theoretical analyses and experimental tests verify the validity of the proposed converters.
Stellar twins determine the distance of the Pleiades

Since the release of the Hipparcos catalog in 1997, the distance to the Pleiades open cluster has been heavily debated. The distance obtained from Hipparcos and those by alternative methods differ by 10 to 15 %. As accurate stellar distances are key to understanding stellar structure and evolution, this dilemma puts the validity of stellar evolution models into question. Using our model-independent method to determine parallaxes based on twin stars, we report individual parallaxes of 15 FGK type stars in the Pleiades in anticipation of the astrometric mission Gaia. These parallaxes give a mean cluster parallax of $7.42\pm0.09~\mathrm{mas}$ corresponding to a mean cluster distance of ${ 134.8\pm 1.7~\mathrm{pc}}$. This value agrees with the current results obtained from stellar evolution models.
HERSCHEL GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY OF [N ii] FINE STRUCTURE EMISSION

We present the first large-scale high angular resolution survey of ionized nitrogen in the Galactic Plane through emission of its two fine structure transitions ([N ii]) at 122 and 205 μm. The observations were largely obtained with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel Space Observatory. The lines of sight were in the Galactic plane, following those of the Herschel OTKP project GOT C+. Both lines are reliably detected at the 10−8–10−7 Wm−2 sr−1 level over the range –60° ≤ l ≤ 60°. The rms of the intensity among the 25 PACS spaxels of a given pointing is typically less than one third of the mean intensity, showing that the emission is extended. [N ii] is produced in gas in which hydrogen is ionized, and collisional excitation is by electrons. The ratio of the two fine structure transitions provides a direct measurement of the electron density, yielding n(e) largely in the range 10–50 cm−3 with an average value of 29 cm−3 and N+ column densities 1016–1017 cm−2. [N ii] emission is highly correlated with that of [C ii], and we calculate that between 1/3 and 1/2 of the [C ii] emission is associated with the ionized gas. The relatively high electron densities indicate that the source of the [N ii] emission is not the warm ionized medium (WIM), which has electron densities more than 100 times smaller. Possible origins of the observed [N ii] include the ionized surfaces of dense atomic and molecular clouds, the extended low-density envelopes of H ii regions, and low-filling factor high-density fluctuations of the WIM.
Toward Unified Adaptive Teleoperation Based on Damping ZNN for Robot Manipulators With Unknown Kinematics

Traditional teleoperation systems are usually designed for a single class of slave robots and require the specific kinematic model. This leads to the problems of high computational cost, poor robustness, and poor portability in traditional teleoperation systems. In this article, a unified adaptive teleoperation system is proposed for different kinds of slave robots. To this end, a closed-loop control system based on damping zeroing neural network (DampZNN) is proposed to achieve the unified kinematic control of both the redundant robot and the continuum robot with unknown kinematics. The control system is constructed based on two DampZNNs, which are utilized to estimate the unknown kinematic model and to solve the inverse kinematics problem respectively. By combining the DampZNN control system with teleoperation technology, a unified adaptive teleoperation system is proposed for human operators to teleoperate both the redundant slave robot and the continuum slave robot easily. The efficacy of the proposed teleoperation system is verified by experiments based on different slave robots and the advantages of the proposed teleoperation system are revealed by comparative studies.
The Adaptation of the Social Curiosity Scale into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study

In recent years, interest in curiosity-related studies in the national education literature has increased. However, there is a research gap in the studies related to the social curiosity of individuals and measuring this type of curiosity. The current research aimed to adapt the Social Curiosity Scale (SCS) developed by Renner (2006) into Turkish to contribute to the national literature. Undergraduate and graduate students studying at Turkish state universities constitute the research sample. The original scale consists of ten items which form two dimensions. Sclae’s Turkish version’s exploratory (n=279) and confirmatory (n=310) factor analyzes were performed. In the exploratory factor analysis, the total variance explained by the two-factor and 9-items Turkish form is 63.70%. The first and second level confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor model (General Social Curiosity and Covert Social Curiosity) obtained before as a result of exploratory factor analysis. Finally, the whole process has revealed that the Turkish version of the Social Curiosity Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that measures the social curiosity level of individuals. It is thought that the scale will contribute to research in many fields such as psychological counseling, media research, and education.
Structure of krypton isotopes calculated with symmetry-conserving configuration-mixing methods

Shape transitions and shape coexistence in the $^{70-98}$Kr region are studied in a unified view with state-of-the-art beyond self-consistent mean field methods based on the Gogny D1S interaction. Beyond mean field effects are taken into account through the exact angular momentum and particle number restoration and the possibility of axial and non-axial shape mixing. The results of the low-lying properties of these isotopes are in good agreement with the experimental data when the triaxial degree of freedom is included. Shape transitions from axial-oblate ($^{70-72}$Kr) to triaxial-prolate ($^{74-78}$Kr) and from spherical-triaxial ($^{86-92}$Kr) to axial-oblate ($^{94-98}$Kr) ground states are obtained. Additionally, low-lying $0^{+}$ excited states and quasi-gamma bands are found showing the richness of the collective structure in this region.
The Lifetime of Axion Stars

We investigate the decay of condensates of scalars in a field theory defined by $V({\cal A})=m{}^2\,f{}^2\,[1-\cos({\cal A}\,/\,f)]$, where $m$ and $f$ are the mass and decay constant of the scalar field. An example of such a theory is that of the axion, in which case the condensates are called axion stars. The axion field, $\cal A$, is self adjoint. As a result the axion number is not an absolutely conserved quantity. Therefore, axion stars are not stable and have finite lifetimes. Bound axions, localized on the volume of the star, have a coordinate uncertainty $\Delta x \sim R \sim 1/(m_a \Delta)$, where $R$ is the radius of the star and $\Delta = \sqrt{1-E_0{}^2\,/\,m_a^2}$. Here $m_a$ and $E_0$ are the mass, and the ground state energy of the bound axion. Then the momentum distribution of axions has a width of $\Delta p\sim m_a\,\Delta$. At strong binding, $\Delta={\cal O}(1)$, bound axions can easily transfer a sufficient amount of momentum to create and emit a free axion, leading to fast decay of the star with a transition rate $\Gamma \sim m_a$. However, when $\Delta\ll 1$, the momentum distribution is more restricted, and as shown in this paper, the transition rate for creating a free axion decreases as $\exp (-p \, \Delta x) \sim \exp (-\Delta^{-1})$. Then sufficiently large, weakly bound axion stars, produced after the big bang, survive until the present time. We plot the region of their stability, limited by decay through axion loss and by gravitational instability, as a function of the mass of the axion and the mass of the star.
Some Generalities About Generality

Introduction The equations of general relativity and its extensions are mathematically complicated and their general coordinate covariance offers special challenges to anyone seeking exact solutions or conducting numerical simulations. They are non-linear in a self-interacting (non-Abelian) way because the mediator of the gravitational interaction (the graviton) also feels the gravitational force. By contrast in an Abelian theory, like electromagnetism, the photon does not possess the electric charge that it mediates. As a result of this formidable complexity and non-linearity, the known exact solutions of general relativity have always possessed special properties. High symmetry, or some other simplifying mathematical property, is required if Einstein's equations are to be solved exactly. General solutions are out of reach. This ‘generality’ problem has been a recurrent one in relativistic cosmology from the outset in 1916 when Einstein [1] first proposed a static spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model with non-Euclidean spatial geometry in which gravitationally attractive matter is counter-balanced by a positive cosmological constant. This solution turned out to be unstable [2–6]. Subsequently, the appearance of an apparent ‘beginning’ and ‘end’ to simple expanding-universe solutions led to a long debate over whether these features were also unstable artefacts of high symmetry or special choices of matter in the known cosmological solutions, as Einstein thought possible. The quest to decide this issue culminated in a new definition of such ‘singularities’ which allowed precise theorems to be proved without the use of special symmetry assumptions. In fact, by using the geodesic equations, their proofs made no use of the Einstein equations [7, 8]. Special solutions of Einstein's equations, like the famous Godel metric [9] with its closed timelike curves, also provoked a series of technical studies of whether its time-travelling paths are a general feature of solutions to Einstein's equations, or just isolated unstable examples. In the period 1967–1980 there was considerable interest in determining whether the observed isotropy of the microwave background radiation could be explained because it appeared to be an unstable property of expanding universes [10, 11].
Constraints on ultracompact minihalos from extragalactic γ-ray background

It has been proposed that ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs) might be formed in earlier epoch. If dark matter consists of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), UCMHs can be treated as the γ-ray sources due to dark matter annihilation within them. In this paper, we investigate the contributions of UCMHs formed during three phase transitions (i.e., electroweak symmetry breaking, QCD confinement and e+e− annihilation) to the extragalactic γ-ray background. Moreover, we use the Fermi-LAT observation data of the extragalactic γ-ray background to get the constraints on the current abundance of UCMHs produced during these phase transitions. We also compare these results with those obtained from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations and find that the constraints from the Fermi-LAT are more stringent than those from CMB.