Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh Research Explorer Mental imagery in chronic pain

Background : Research into mental imagery has increased our understanding of a range of psychological problems. However, there has been little study into the spontaneous mental images experienced in response to chronic pain. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and characteristics of these pain related mental images. Methods : 491 people with chronic pain who had attended a pain clinic were sent invites to participate and 105 people responded (21%). A mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) was used to explore the prevalence of pain related mental imagery, differences between imagers and non-imagers, and the content of imagery in pain. Results : In our sample 36% of respondents reported having mental images of their pain, with the majority describing them as clear and vivid (83%), experienced daily (80.5%), and distressing (83%). Participants who experienced mental images reported higher depression scores, higher anxiety and higher pain unpleasantness. Frequency of imagery was associated with greater pain unpleasantness. Content analysis of the pain images revealed emerging themes relating to the sensory qualities of pain, anatomical representations, pain as a form of threat or attack, pain as an object and pain as an abstract image. Conclusions : This study describes themes and characteristics of pain related mental imagery and confirms that they are a frequent, vivid and distressing experience for many chronic pain sufferers. The results of this study suggest that pain related mental imagery could provide an additional route for assessment and intervention. Further research should focus on assessment, measurement and intervention in clinical populations.
Relative contribution of STIM1 and CalDAG-GEFI to calcium-dependent platelet activation and thrombosis

Background— Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) was recently identified as a critical component of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in platelets. We previously reported the Ca 2+ sensing guanine nucleotide exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI as critical molecule in Ca 2+ signaling in platelets. Objective— To evaluate the contribution of STIM1/SOCE to Ca 2+ -dependent platelet activation and thrombosis, we here compared the activation response of platelets lacking STIM1 and platelets lacking CalDAG-GEFI. Methods— The murine Stim1 gene was conditionally deleted in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage. CalDAG-GEFI − / − and Stim1fl/fl PF4-Cre along with littermate control mice were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments under flow as well as static conditions. Results— α IIb β 3-mediated aggregation was markedly impaired in CalDAG-GEFI- but not STIM1-deficient platelets, both under static or flow conditions. In contrast, deficiency in either STIM1 or CalDAG-GEFI significantly impaired the ability of platelets to express phosphatidyl serine on the cell surface. When subjected to a laser injury thrombosis model, mice lacking STIM1 in platelets were characterized by the formation of unstable platelet-rich thrombi and delayed and reduced fibrin generation in injured arterioles. In CalDAG-GEFI − / − mice, fibrin generation was also delayed and reduced, but platelet accumulation was virtually abolished. Conclusions— Our studies suggest that 1) STIM1/SOCE is critical for the pro-coagulant activity but not the pro-adhesive function of platelets, and 2) at the site of vascular injury, STIM1 and CalDAG-GEFI are critical for the first wave of thrombin generation mediated by pro-coagulant platelets. In the current study, we compared the platelet activation response in mice with a conditional deletion of STIM1 in platelets/megakaryocytes and mice lacking CalDAG-GEFI, both in vitro and in vivo . The main conclusions from our studies are: ( 1 ) STIM1/SOCE is not critical for the pro-adhesive role of Ca 2+ in platelet activation, ( 2 ) PS exposure and fibrin generation at a site of vascular injury are dependent to a similar degree on STIM1 and CalDAG-GEFI, ( 3 ) the conversion from a pro-adhesive to a pro-coagulant platelet requires signaling via the small GTPase Rap1, and ( 4 ) platelet-dependent thrombin/fibrin generation is critical for thrombus stability and growth in vivo .
More Efficient Power Inverters using Series Connected AC Capacitors for Large DC Voltage Variation Applications

Conventional power inverters such as a voltage source inverter and a current source inverter may operate only with low efficiency when converting power from large DC voltage variation sources to constant AC voltage outputs. This is because large difference in voltage levels between the DC side and AC side of the inverters can occur and reduce voltage transfer capability of the inverters. Additional circuits such as a boost or a buck converter could be used to adjust DC voltage to the suitable levels for the inverters, but they add more cost, power loss and complexity to the inverter circuit. This paper proposed an alternative technique that allows the inverters to always operate with optimum voltage levels between the DC side and AC side. The proposed technique can achieve this by connecting an AC capacitor in series with each of output AC phase line of the inverters. Simulated results shows that the proposed technique provides improved efficiency and less voltage stress on inverter circuits compared to the conventional circuits.
Interaction of the growth hormone releasing peptides, ghrelin and GHRP-6, with the motilin receptor in the rabbit gastric antrum.

The structural relationship between the motilin and the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), and between their respective ligands, motilin and ghrelin, prompted us to investigate whether ghrelin and the GHS-R agonist, growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), could interact with the motilin receptor. The interaction was evaluated in the rabbit gastric antrum with binding studies on membrane preparations and with contraction studies on muscle strips in the presence of selective antagonists under conditions of electrical field stimulation (EFS) or not. Binding studies indicated that the affinity (pK d ) for the motilin receptor was in the order of: ghrelin (4.23±0.07) < GHRP-6 (5.54±0.08) < motilin (9.13±0.03). The interaction of ghrelin with the motilin receptor requires the octanoyl group. Motilin induced smooth muscle contractile responses but ghrelin and GHRP-6 were ineffective. EFS elicited on- and off-responses that were increased by motilin already at 10 -9 M, but not by 10 -5 M ghrelin. In contrast, GHRP-6 also enhanced the on- and off-responses. The motilin antagonist, GM-109, blocked the effect of GHRP-6 on the off- but not on the on-responses. Under NANC conditions the effects of motilin and GHRP-6 on the on-responses were abolished, those on the off-responses were preserved. All responses were blocked by NK 1 and NK 2 antagonists. In conclusion, ghrelin is unable to induce contractions via the motilin receptor. However, GHRP-6 enhances neural contractile responses, partially via interaction with the motilin receptor on non-cholinergic nerves with tachykinins as mediator, partially via another receptor that may be a GHS-R subtype on cholinergic nerves that corelease tachykinins. using 0.5 µM The primers, GHS-R.for (forward: 5’-GGA CCA GAA CCA CAA RA-3’) and GHS-R.rev (reverse: 5’-TGA GGT AGA AGA GGA CAA AGG A-3’) were selected in conserved regions found after alignment of sequences published for human (Genbank U60179), rat (Genbank U94321) and swine (Genbank U60178) GHS-R mRNA. This PCR product was subjected to a nested PCR using as primers GHS-R2.for (5’-CMG TGA TGC and CTG ATC TGA GCY
Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the trabecular bone in the human mandible using microcomputed tomography

ENGLISH) . 1 I . INTRODUCTION. 3 II . MATERIALS AND METHODS . 7 A . Sample preparation . 7 B . Micro CT imaging. 7 C . Stereological analysis. 8 D . Statistical analysis . 10 III . RESULTS.11 A . Qualitative analysis . 11 B . Quantitative analysis . 11 IV . DISCUSSION. 32 V . CONCLUSION. 44 VI. REFERENCES . 46 ABSTRACT(KOREAN). 56KOREAN). 56
Wide Bandwidth Rogowski Current Transducers

SummaryThis paper is the second of three parts giving a comprehensive examination of the use of Rogowski coils for wide bandwidth current waveform measurement. Rogowski coils have previously been used for special applications of current measurement such as very short duration high current pulses, but have only recently become available as general purpose transducers suitable for power electronic equipment. This requires a bandwidth of 50 Hz to at least 1 MHz for performance comparable to a standard co-axial shunt. Part I examined the Rogowski coil design and behaviour. Part II examines the integrator behaviour at both low (50 Hz) and high (1 MHz) frequencies. It introduces a feedback circuit which overcomes the problems of low frequency noise and drift and it also shows that with appropriate choice of operational amplifier the bandwidth can be extended beyond 1 MHz. Theoretical noise content is quantified and a transfer function model of the complete transducer is developed. Part III provides results of f.
Who got the Brexit blues? The Effect of Brexit on Subjective Wellbeing in the UK

We use the 2015-2016 waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society) to look at subjective wellbeing around the time of the June 2016 EU membership Referendum in the UK (Brexit). We employ measures of both evaluative and affective wellbeing, namely life satisfaction and mental distress respectively. We find that those reporting lower life satisfaction in 2015 were more likely to express a preference for leaving the EU in 2016, while mental distress was less predictive of pro-Brexit attitudes. Post-Referendum, those with Leave preferences enjoyed an increase in life satisfaction but there was no change in average life satisfaction in the overall sample. In contrast, the average level of mental distress increased in the sample post-Brexit with no significant difference between those preferring to remain in or to leave the EU. We test the robustness of our results by considering a number of potential caveats, such as sample selection, unobserved individual fixed effects or the interval between interviews. Overall, our results suggest that levels of subjective wellbeing may both be a cause and a result of the 2016 Brexit vote.
Enhancing Integrity Protection for Industrial Cyber Physical Systems

— Cyber physical systems are technical systems that are operated and controlled using information technology. Protecting the integrity of cyber physical systems is a highly important security objective to ensure the correct and reliable operation and to ensure high availability. A comprehensive protection concept of the system integrity involves several axes: the component level ranging from sensors/actuator devices up to control and supervisory systems, planning and configuration management, and the system life cycle. It allows detecting integrity violations on system level reliably by analyzing integrity measurements from a multitude of independent integrity sensors, capturing and analyzing integrity measurements of the physical world, on the field level, and of control and supervisory systems.
Analysis of Water Availability Based on Satellite Rainfall in the Upper Brantas River Basin

— Analysis of water availability for irrigation is a basic analysis in determining the extent of irrigation and cropping patterns. Discharge and rainfall data is most important in the analysis of water availability. By developing an empirical model, rainfall data can be use to estimate discharge. F.J. Mock model can be use for estimating discharge data when there are no or less availability of discharge data. This research was conducted to utilize rainfall satellite based which has an even distribution for the estimation of water availability in the Upper Brantas River Basin. Rainfall satellite PERSIANN and PERSIANN CCS is calibrated and validated against rainfall gauge station observation in the Upper Brantas River Basin and to be used as input in the analysis of water availability. The calibration of satellite rainfall show a strong correlation with correlation coefficient above 0.8 with BIAS values below 27 %, whereas in the validation process the BIAS value is below 20 %. Estimated discharge (water availability) from F.J.Mock models based on satellite rainfall PERSIANN and PERSIANN CCS with AWLR Gadang show good NSE value of above 0.5, model discharge F.J. Mock based calibrated rainfall satellite PERSIANN-CCS data has lower relative error than PERSIANN based.
Dynamic Credit Models

In this thesis, the credit worthiness of a company is modelled using a stochastic process. Two credit models are considered; Merton's model, which models the value of a rm's assets using geometric Brownian motion, and the distance to default model, which is driven by a two factor jump di usion process. The probability of default and the expected default time are simulated using Monte Carlo and the number of scenarios needed to obtain convergence in the simulations is investigated. The simulations are performed using the probability matrix method (PMM), which means that a transition probability matrix describing the process is created and used for the simulations. Besides this, two variance reduction techniques are investigated; importance sampling and antithetic variates.
Lysosomal Sequestration (Trapping) of Lipophilic Amine (Cationic Amphiphilic) Drugs in Immortalized Human Hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 Cells)

Lipophilic (log P > 1) and amphiphilic drugs (also known as cationic amphiphilic drugs) with ionizable amines (p K a > 6) can accumulate in lysosomes, a process known as lysosomal trapping. This process contributes to presystemic extraction by lysosome-rich organs (such as liver and lung), which, together with the binding of lipophilic amines to phospholipids, contributes to the large volume of distribution characteristic of numerous cardiovascular and central nervous system drugs. Accumulation of lipophilic amines in lysosomes has been implicated as a cause of phospholipidosis. Fur-thermore, elevated levels of lipophilic amines in lysosomes can lead to high organ-to-blood ratios of drugs that can be mistaken for active drug transport. In the present study, we describe an in vitro fluorescence-based method (using the lysosome-specific probe LysoTracker Red) to identify lysosomotropic agents in immortalized hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells). A diverse set of compounds with various physicochemical properties were tested, such as acids, bases, and zwitterions. In addition, the partitioning of the nonlysosomotropic atorvastatin (an anion) and the lysosomotropics propranolol and imipramine (cations) were quantified in Fa2N-4 cells in the presence or absence of various lysosomotropic or nonlysosomotropic agents and inhibitors of lysosomal sequestration (NH 4 Cl, nigericin, and monensin). Cellular partitioning of propranolol and imipramine was markedly reduced (by at least 40%) by NH 4 Cl, nigericin, or monensin. Lysosomotropic drugs also inhibited the partitioning of propranolol by at least 50%, with imipramine partitioning affected to a lesser degree. This study demonstrates the usefulness of immortalized hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells) for determining the lysosomal sequestration of lipophilic amines.
Half-BPS cosmic string in = 2 supergravity in the presence of a dilaton

: We construct new half-BPS cosmic string solutions in D = 4 N = 2 supergravity compatible with a consistent truncation to N = 1 supergravity where they describe D -term cosmic strings. The constant Fayet-Iliopoulos term in the N = 1 D -term is not put in by hand but is geometrically engineered by a gauging in the mother N = 2 supergravity theory. The coupling of the N = 2 vector multiplets is characterized by a cubic prepotential admitting an axion-dilaton ﬁeld, a common property of many compactiﬁcations of string theory. The axion-dilaton ﬁeld survives the truncation to N = 1 supergravity. On the string conﬁguration the BPS equations constrain the dilaton to be an arbitrary constant. All the cosmic string solutions with diﬀerent values of the dilaton have the same energy per unit length but diﬀerent lenght scales.
Focal adhesion proteins FAK and paxillin increase in hypertrophied skeletal muscle

Focal adhesion proteins FAK and paxillin increase in hypertrophied skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 277 ( Cell Physiol. 46): C152–C162, 1999. —Components of signaling pathways for mechanotransduction during load-induced enlargement of skeletal muscle have not been completely deﬁned. We hypothesized that loading of skeletal muscle would result in an adaptive increase in the expression of two focal adhesion complex (FAC)-related proteins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, as well as increased FAK activity. FAK protein was immunolocalized to the sarcolemmal region of rooster anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) myoﬁbers in the middle of the ALD muscle. FAK (77 and 81%) and paxillin (206 and 202%) protein concentrations per unit of total protein in Western blots increased signiﬁcantly after 1.5 and 7 days, but not after 13 days, of stretch-induced hypertrophy-hyperplasia of the ALD muscle. FAK autokinase activity in immunoprecipitates was increased after 1.5, 7, and 13 days in stretched ALD muscles. To determine whether increased FAK and paxillin protein concentrations are associated with hypertrophy and/or new ﬁber formation, two additional experiments were performed. First, during formation of primary chicken myotubes (a model of new ﬁber formation), FAK protein concentration (63%), FAK activity (157%), and paxillin protein concentration (97%) increased compared with myoblasts. Second, FAK (112% and 611%) and paxillin (87% and 431%) protein concentrations per unit of total protein in the soleus muscle increased at 1 and 8 days after surgical ablation of the synergistic gastrocnemius muscle (a model of hypertrophy without hyperplasia). Thus increases in components of the FAC occur in hypertrophying muscle of animals and in newly formed muscle ﬁbers in culture. Furthermore, increased FAK activity suggests a possible convergence of signaling at the FAC in load-induced growth of skeletal muscle.
A Method for Selecting the Next Best Angle-of-Approach for Touch-Based Identification of Beam Members in Truss Structures

A robot designed to climb truss structures such as power transmission towers is expected to have an adequate tactile sensing in the grippers to identify a structural beam member and its properties. Depending on how a gripper grasps a structural member, defined as the Angle-of-Approach (AoA), the extracted tactile data can result in erroneous identifications due to the similarities in beam cross-sectional shapes and sizes. In these cases, further grasps at favorable Angles-of-Approach (AoAs) are required to correctly identify the beam member and its properties. This paper presents an information-based method which uses tactile data to determine the next best AoA for the identification of beam members in truss structures. The method is used in conjunction with a state estimate of beam shape, dimension, and AoA calculated by a Random Forest classifier. The method is verified through simulation by using the data collected using a soft gripper retrofitted with simple tactile sensors. The results show that this method can correctly identify a structural beam member and its properties with a small number of grasps (typically fewer than 4). This method can be applied to other adaptive robotic gripper designs fitted with suitable tactile sensors, regardless of the number of sensors used and their layout.
DMSO_A_179793 1047..1056

Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Abstract: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, onset before 25 years of age, absence of β-cell autoimmunity, and sustained pancreatic β-cell function. To date, mutations have been identified in at least 14 different genes, including six genes encoding proteins that, respectively, correspond to MODY subtypes 1–6: hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α (HNF4α), glucokinase (GCK), HNF1α (HNF1α), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), HNF1β (HNF1β), and neurogenic differentiation 1 (NEUROD1). Diagnostic tools based on currently available genetic tests can facilitate the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment of patients with MODY. Candidates for genetic testing include nonobese subjects with hyperglycemia, no evidence of β-cell autoimmunity, sustained β-cell function, and a strong family history of similar-type diabetes among first-degree relatives. Moreover, identification of the MODY subtype is important, given the subtype-related differences in the age of onset, clinical course and progression, type of hyperglycemia, and response to treatment. This review discusses the current perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of MODY, particularly with regard to the six major subtypes (MODY 1–6).
I NFLUENCE OF V ISUAL C ARRIERS OF U NIVERSITY S PIRIT ON M ENTAL H EALTH OF C OLLEGE S TUDENTS

The university spirit is a set of ideals, beliefs, values and codes of conduct accepted by teachers, students and the society. This paper aims to disclose the influencing of the visual carriers of university spirit on the mental health of college students. Firstly, the core status of university spirit in campus culture was demonstrated based on the theory of cultural dynamic system and the structural model of organizational culture. Then, the author discussed the influence of campus culture on the development of mental health of college students, and introduced the visual carriers of university spirit with rich educational values. Next, the inner relationship between the construction of these visual carriers and the mental health development of college students was summed up. On this basis, the author put forward several measures to build visual carriers of university spirit that are conducive to the mental health of college students. The research results shed new light on the mental health education in colleges.
Saturated Fatty Acids Synergize with Elevated Glucose to Cause Pancreatic (cid:1) -Cell Death

We have proposed the “glucolipotoxicity” hypothesis in which elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) together with hyperglycemia are synergistic in causing islet (cid:1) -cell damage because high glucose inhibits fat oxidation and consequently lipid detoxification. The effects of 1–2 d culture of both rat INS 832/13 cells and human islet (cid:1) -cells were investigated in medium containing glucose (5, 11, 20 m M ) in the presence or absence of various FFAs. A marked synergistic effect of elevated concentrations of glucose and saturated FFA (palmitate and stearate) on in- ducing (cid:1) -cell death by apoptosis was found in both INS 832/13 and human islet (cid:1) -cells. In comparison, linoleate (polyunsat- urated) synergized only modestly with high glucose, whereas oleate (monounsaturated) was not toxic. Treating cells with the acyl-coenzyme A synthase inhibitor triacsin C, or the AMP kinase activators metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1- (cid:1) - D -ribofuranoside that redirect lipid partitioning to oxidation, curtailed glucolipotoxicity. In contrast, the fat oxidation inhibitor etomoxir, like glucose, markedly enhanced palmitate-induced cell death. The data indicate that FFAs must be metabolized to long chain fatty acyl-CoA to exert toxicity, the effect of which can be reduced by activating fatty acid oxidation. The results support the glucolipotoxicity hy- pothesis of (cid:1) -cell failure proposing that elevated FFAs are particularly toxic in the context of hyperglycemia. ( Endocri- nology 144: 4154–4163, 2003)