Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An immersed boundary method for computational simulation of red blood cell in poiseuille flow

In this paper, the effects of Red Blood Cell hardness in a viscous incompressible flow is investigated. The effects of hardness changes on the membrane behavior and its around flow is studied. The Lattice Boltzman method is used for solving the flow field and the Immersed Boundary method is used for membrane motion simulation. The relation between them is done using Dirac Delta function. In the Immersed Boundary method the elastic membrane is modeled in Lagrangian coordinate but the flow field is discretized using a uniform and fixed Eulerian grid. When RBCs have less elastic properties; they pass the obstacle hardly and increase the pressure of around flow.Velocity decrease due to existance of RBC with low flexibility results in increase of pressure around the RBC. This pressure increase due to stiffness of RBC membrane can be seen in anemia and heart diseases. The translational speed of a RBC decreases as its elasticity modulus increases The comparison between the present results and other available results show that the Lattice Boltzmann and Immersed Boundary methods have good capability for modeling of immersed objects motions.DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 24.3. 18063
Research on the method of workpieces recognition and pose estimation in scattered scene

In order to solve the problem of recognition and pose estimation of scattered workpieces with similar product shapes in industrial sorting scene, a method combining the improved YOLOv5 workpieces target detection algorithm and 3D point cloud pose estimation algorithm was proposed. RGB images and depth maps were obtained by D435i sensor, and the workpieces in the scattered scene were identified by target detection. The mask of a single workpieces was obtained, the local 3D point cloud was reconstructed through the mask and the aligned depth map, and the pose estimation of the workpieces was carried out by combining the point cloud registration method. The results show that the system can realize the real-time recognition and pose estimation of the workpieces in the industrial scene and meet the industrial requirements.
Spatial long-range modulation of contrast discrimination

Contrast discrimination is an important type of information for establishing image quality metrics based on human vision. We used a dual-masking paradigm to study how contrast discrimination can be influenced by the presence of adjacent stimuli. In a dual masking paradigm, the observer's task is to detect a target superimposed on a pedestal in the presence of flankers. The flankers (1) reduce the target threshold at zero pedestal contrast; (2) reduce the size of pedestal facilitation at low pedestal contrasts; and (3) shift the TvC (Target threshold vs. pedestal contrast) function horizontally to the left on a log-log plot at high pedestal contrasts. The horizontal shift at high pedestal contrasts suggests that the flanker effect is a multiplicative factor that cannot be explained by previous models of contrast discrimination. We extended a divisive inhibition model of contrast discrimination by implementing the flanker effect as a multiplicative sensitivity modulation factor that account for the data well.
Modified optimal design of airfoil for heat dissipation axial flow fan

Airfoil is the key factor affecting the pneumatic performance of axial flow fan. the higher pneumatic performance of the designed axial flow fan, the more efficiency of axial flow fan, and less power consumption. Fisrt, the Profili software is used to optimize the design of NACA4412 airfoil to improve the lift-drag ratio, and obtains a new high-performance airfoil NACA4412-MOD suitable for heat dissipation axial flow fan. Then the pneumatic performance of the new and old airfoils is calculated by numerical simulation software. The results show that under the given Reynolds number, the lift coefficient of the new airfoil is larger than that of the original airfoil, the resistance is maintained at a considerable level or slightly, the lift-drag ratio increases greatly, and the range of the attack angle for high lift-drag ratio is wider.
Non local means denoising in photoacoustic imaging

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has the ability to visualize human organs with high spatial resolution and high contrast. Like digital images, PA images are contaminated with random noise due to some parameters. The band-pass filter does not effectively remove the noise because noise is randomly distributed in the bandwidth frequency. We present noise removal method in PA images by using non local means denoising (NLMD) method. The NLMD can be used if there are similarities or redundancies in the image. PA images contain of blood vessel which repeating on the small patch. The method was tested on PA images of carbon nanotubes in micropipe, in vivo mice brain and in vivo mice ear. We estimated the suggested input parameters of NLMD, so it can be automatically applied after scanning the image in PA imaging system. Our results declared that the NLMD enhanced the image quality of PA images.
A Functionalized Monte Carlo 3D Radiative Transfer Model: Radiative Effects of Clouds Over Reflecting Surfaces

In the Earth Sciences, the 3D radiative transfer equation is often solved for by Monte Carlo (MC) methods. They can, however, be computationally taxing, and that can narrow their range of application and limit their use in explorations of model parameter spaces. A novel family of MC algorithms is investigated here in which single simulations provide estimates of both radiative quantities A for a set of parameters x^ $\hat{x}$ , as usual, as well as the overarching functional A $\mathcal{A}$ (x) that can be evaluated, extremely efficiently, at any x. One such algorithm is developed and demonstrated for horizontally averaged broadband solar radiative fluxes as functions of surface albedo for uniform Lambertian surfaces beneath inhomogeneous cloudy atmospheres. Simulations for a high‐resolution synthetic cloud field, at various solar zenith angles, illustrate the potential of the method to gain insights into the nature of 3D radiative effects for complicated atmosphere‐surface conditions using information specially derived from the MC simulation. For simulations performed with a single surface albedo it is found that as surface albedo increases, 3D radiative effects increase, too, with maxima occurring at middling to large values, and then decrease. By utilizing the derived coefficients that describe A(x) $\mathcal{A}(x)$ it was established that these 3D effects stem from differences in fractions of radiation entrapped at successive orders of internal multiple reflections for 1D and 3D transfer.
Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives

Abstract. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are synthetic compounds that were intentionally produced in large quantities and have been distributed in the global environment, originating a threat due to their persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and toxicity. POPs reach the Antarctic continent through long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). In these areas, low temperatures play a significant role in the environmental fate of POPs, retaining them for a long time due to cold trapping by diffusion and wet deposition, acting as a net sink for many POPs. However, in the current context of climate change, the remobilization of POPs that were trapped in water, ice, and soil for decades is happening. Therefore, continuous monitoring of POPs in polar air is necessary to assess whether there is a recent re-release of historical pollutants back to the environment. We reviewed the scientific literature on atmospheric levels of several POP families (polychlorinated biphenyls – PCBs, hexachlorobenzene – HCB, hexachlorocyclohexanes – HCHs, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane – DDT) from 1980 to 2021. We estimated the atmospheric half-life using characteristic decreasing times (TD). We observed that HCB levels in the Antarctic atmosphere were higher than the other target organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), but HCB also displayed higher fluctuations and did not show a significant decrease over time. Conversely, the atmospheric levels of HCHs, some DDTs, and PCBs have decreased significantly. The estimated atmospheric half-lives for POPs decreased in the following order: 4,4' DDE (13.5 years) > 4,4' DDD (12.8 years) > 4,4' DDT (7.4 years) > 2,4' DDE (6.4 years) > 2,4' DDT (6.3 years) > α-HCH (6 years) > HCB (6 years) > γ-HCH (4.2 years). For PCB congeners, they decreased in the following order: PCB 153 (7.6 years) > PCB 138 (6.5 years) > PCB 101 (4.7 years) > PCB 180 (4.6 years) > PCB 28 (4 years) > PCB 52 (3.7 years) > PCB 118 (3.6 years). For HCH isomers and PCBs, the Stockholm Convention (SC) ban on POPs did have an impact on decreasing their levels during the last decades. Nevertheless, their ubiquity in the Antarctic atmosphere shows the problematic issues related to highly persistent synthetic chemicals.
Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of Zingiber and Alpinia species: a review

Zingiber and Alpinia species (family: Zingiberaceae) are popularly used in food as spices and flavoring agents and in ethnomedicine to heal numerous diseases, including immune-related disorders. However, their ethnomedicinal uses have not been sufficiently supported by scientific investigations. Numerous studies on the modulating effects of plants and their bioactive compounds on the different steps of the immune system have been documented. This review aimed to highlight up-to-date research findings and critically analyze the modulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of several Zingiber and Alpinia species, namely, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Z. cassumunar Roxb. , Z. zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. , Alpinia galanga Linn. , A. conchigera Griff, A. katsumadai Hayata, A. oxyphylla Miq. , A. officinarum Hance, A. zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith, and A. purpurata (Viell.) K. Schum. on the immune system, particularly via the inflammation-related signaling pathways. The immunomodulating activities of the crude extracts of the plants have been reported, but the constituents contributing to the activities have mostly not been identified. Among the extracts, Z. officinale extracts were the most investigated for their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical effects on the immune system. Among the bioactive metabolites, 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols, 6-shogaol, and zerumbone from Zingiber species and cardamomin, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate, yakuchinone, rutin, 1,8-cineole, and lectin from Alpinia species have demonstrated strong immunomodulating effects. More experimental studies using cell and animal models of immune-related disorders are necessary to further understand the underlying mechanisms, together with elaborate preclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, and toxicity studies. Many of these extracts and secondary metabolites are potential candidates for clinical development in immunomodulating agents or functional foods to prevent and treat chronic inflammatory disorders.
Is a wet-bulb temperature of 35 ∘C the correct threshold for human survivability?

A wet-bulb temperature of 35 ∘C is widely used as the threshold for human survivability, but the wet-bulb temperature is not a particularly accurate metric for human heat stress. For a person in the shade, a more accurate metric is the heat index, which is based on a model of human thermoregulation that accounts for metabolic heat, radiation, respiratory ventilation, and finite wind speeds. The heat index has two critical values: the highest heat index for which a healthy core temperature can be maintained and the highest heat index that is survivable. It is shown here that a wet-bulb temperature of 35 ∘C corresponds to conditions between these two critical values. For example, in a world warmer than pre-industrial by 10 ∘C, about 30% of the world’s population would be exposed once or more per year to a wet-bulb temperature above 35 ∘C, but the heat index reveals that less than 2% would be exposed to fatal conditions while over 60% would be exposed to conditions that would cause hyperthermia.
Modeling interstellar bubbles : near and far

In this work, I study the twofold investigation of the interaction of massive stars with their surroundings: I have analyzed observations of emission lines in H II regions to determine the physical conditions surrounding the formation of massive stars both in the near and far Universe; and I have studied the hydrodynamical evolution of these regions numerically. I developed and tested a radiative transfer code as implemented in the hydrodynamic code FLASH. I used the code to study the hydrodynamical evolution and resulting X-ray emission of a prototypical UltraCompact H II region.
Hinfinity observer design for uncertain time-delay systems

This paper is concerned with robust observer design for linear time-delay systems in the presence of unstructured uncertainties and of disturbances as well. The proposed method ensures the stability of the observer and the H-infinity attenuation of uncertainty and disturbance effects on the estimated error. The result is developed ina delay dependent framework and the observer gain matrix is obtained by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI).
Effects of Initial Surface Roughness and Sliding Speed Study on the Tribological Characteristics of AA6061 and CuZn37Pb2 Alloys

The paper examines the influence of initial surface roughness and sliding speed on friction and wear behavior of AA6061 aluminum alloy and brass alloy (CuZn37Pb2) under dry contact using a CSM tribometer. Surface roughness of materials studied were measured using optical profilometer. Rough surfaces (Ra=0.37 1.33 μm) were prepared on two materials: AA6061 and CuZn37Pb2 alloy. Track width, wear rate, and wear loss values were assessed and contrasted with changes in coefficient of friction values at various starting surface roughness and sliding speeds. Experiments are conducted at sliding speed 0.15;0.24;0.35 and 0.48 m/s. wear track diameter 4;6;8;10 mm. Results show that wear loss, wear rate and track width of CuZn37Pb2 and AA6061 increase at high initial surface roughness and speed but the value of friction coefficient decreases. Various SEM analysis of the wear trace and worn surfaces for each alloy at different sliding speed were analysed and compared.
Metodologiczne i teoretyczne wyzwania badań nad żywotnością etnolingwistyczną grup posługujących się językami kolateralnymi w Polsce

This paper presents and discusses the most important methodological challenges of the project “Linguistic diversity in Poland: collateral languages, language-oriented activities, and conceptualization of collective identity” (2021–2026), funded by the National Science Center. These challenges are related to the contestability of the languages studied in the project. It is based on the differentiation between what a “language” is and what a “dialect” is. In the Polish and European acts, linguistic diversity is fully recognized only with regard to those linguistic varieties which are considered independent languages. At the same time, all remaining forms are not taken into consideration. Such subordinate status of different varieties of languages spoken in Poland influences their speakers’ language practices and attitudes. The theory of ethnolinguistic vitality presented in this article is discussed in connection with the situation of five groups that are the objects of this research, namely: Kashubs, Mazurians, Podhalanians, Podlachians, and Silesians. "
Application of Virtual Reality and High Performance Computing in Designing Rotary Forming Processes

This paper presents an innovative solution in the form of a virtual reality (VR) and high performance computing (HPc) system dedicated to aid designing rotary forming processes with laser beam reheating the material formed. The invented method allowing a virtual machine copy to be coupled with its actual counterpart and a computing engine utilizing GPU processors of graphic nVidia cards to accelerate computing are discussed. The completed experiments and simulations of the 316L stainless steel semi-product spinning process showed that the developed VR-HPc system solution allows the manufacturing process to be effectively engineered and controlled in industrial conditions.
Chaos in a simple snap system with only one nonlinearity, its adaptive control and real circuit design

We study an elegant snap system with only one nonlinear term, which is a quadratic nonlinearity. The snap system displays chaotic attractors, which are controlled easily by changing a system parameter. By using analysis, simulations and a real circuit, the dynamics of such a snap system has been investigated. We also investigate backstepping based adaptive control schemes for the new snap system with unknown parameters.
Robust Compensation of Contact Impedance Change With Fully Connected Neural Network in Brain EIT

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising candidate for brain imaging. Contact impedance change between the scalp and electrodes has a large impact on boundary measurement and causes deterioration or failure of image reconstruction. To correct the measured voltage when contact impedance varies in brain EIT, a robust compensation method based on a fully connected neural network (FCNN) is proposed. With the proposed method, the relationship between measured invalid voltage and predicted compensation voltage is established. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, image reconstruction of simulated hemorrhage in a three-layer head model is conducted. Images reconstructed with the compensated voltage are compared with that using the directly measured data. The performance of the proposed method is tested when the contact impedance of a single electrode and multiple electrodes varies. In addition, the impact of the increase of inclusion size and interruption of noise which may occur simultaneously with contact impedance change is respectively studied. Conductivity variation of the scalp layer, skull layer, and brain tissue layer is also considered. Qualitative evaluation and quantitative comparison show that images reconstructed with voltage compensated by the proposed method are much better than those with directly measured data. In other words, the invalid voltage measured under contact impedance change is well corrected with the proposed compensation method. There is little difference between the results under different testing which indicates the robustness of the proposed method. To conclude, it is possible for the proposed method to improve reconstruction quality when there is contact impedance change in brain EIT.
Optimal control with Kane Mechanics applied to a hybrid power split transmission

The following work describes a method based on the Kane Mechanics to derive the state space equation for modelling and controlling a mechatronic system such as a hybrid transmission. The hybrid powertrain components, especially the dynamic behaviour for controlling a power split transmission are described and modelled in an object oriented simulation environment. The Kane Mechanics are utilized to build up a state space model of the hybrid transmission. This is utilized to design a Kalman Observer and an Optimal Controller of the type Linear Quadratic Gaussian Integrator (LQGI) for the input speed control. As a benchmark control algorithm a modified PI controller with filter elements is designed that are tuned to compensate the eigenfrequencies of the system. The algorithms are tested and compared within the object oriented simulation environment and implemented into a microcontroller. Dynamometer and vehicle results show the performance of both algorithms under different conditions. As a shifting quality measure, the Vibration Dose Value (VDV) is used. X Kapitel 1 Einleitung Zusammenfassung Kapitel 1 Einleitung Motivation und Ziele Die Entwicklung von Fahrzeugsoftware wird durch die Verbindung von verschiedenen Steuergeräten und mechatronischen Komponenten zunehmend komplexer. Die Entwicklungszyklen sind kürzer und die individuellen Anforderungen an eine optimale Steuerung höher. Ein Beispiel für ein solches komplexes Steuerungssystem ist der Hybridantrieb. Die zusätzlichen Freiheitsgrade eines Hybridantriebs machen ihn insgesamt zu einem aufwendig zu regelnden System, ermöglichen auf der anderen Seite jedoch einen besseren Kraftstoffverbrauch, Agilität und Komfort. Eine Methode dieser Komplexität gerecht zu werden, stellt die Anwendung höherer Regelungstechnik und Dynamik dar, wie sie im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit entwickelt wird. Ziel und Kern dieser Arbeit ist die Anwendung der modellbasierten Optimalen Regelung mit Mehrkörperdynamik für die Weiterentwicklung von Hybridantriebssteuerungen. Als Praxisbeispiel wird eine vereinfachte wiederverwendbare Strategie zum Anfahren und Synchronisieren des Verbrennungsmotors mit Hilfe der elektrischen Maschinen in einem mehrfach leistungsverzweigten Getriebe gewählt. Zur Verifizierung dieser Strategien wird eine objektorientierte Simulationsumgebung, ein Prüfstand sowie ein Prototypfahrzeug verwendet. Am Beispiel des Two-Mode-Hybridgetriebes, das sowohl die parallele Anordnung der elektrischen Maschinen bezüglich des Verbrennungsmotors als auch eine leistungsverzweigte Anordnung erlaubt, wird eine modellbasierte Regelung mit Hilfe der Kane-LevinsonMechanik und der Optimalen Regelung mit Hilfe einer Kostenfunktion entworfen. Besonderes Interesse gilt der schnellen und ruckfreien Synchronisation des Gangund Modewechsels.
Micropropagation of Sumatran Frankincense (Styrax Benzoin) Forest Plants Producing Bioactive Raw Materials for Medicine

Preservation of tropical forest plants that have high economic potential, such as Sumatran benzoin (Styrax benzoin Dryander), is urgently carried out through the provision of quality seeds. The purpose of this study was to propagate the Sumatran Frankincense plant to produce good quality seeds to meet the needs of seeds for forest conservation purposes. The micropropagation technique was carried out using explants from selected parent plants of very good quality. Micropropagation through the use of explants from several parts of the plant aims to produce seeds with the same incense production quality as the parent plant. Explants were selected from the young leaves of the shoots. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: concentrations of NAA (0-3 mg/L) and BAP (0-3 mg/L). The combination of NAA and BAP in culture media under optimal conditions proved to be effective in inducing callus and plantlet growth. The success of micropropagation has the potential to produce seeds of the same excellent quality as the parent plant in large quantities in a relatively short time. This technique is expected to be able to meet the conservation needs of people's forests and national forests, and in the long term will increase the production of frankincense as a non-timber forest commodity as raw material for medicine.