Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Goal Particle Swarm Optimizer for Test Case Prioritization

Regression testing is carried out to test the updated supply code within the constraints of time and sources. Since it is very difficult to run all the updated source code every time, test case prioritization is needed to decrease the fee of regression testing. Various methodologies including extensions of white box and black box prioritization, have been presented considering the prioritization of test instances. In this context, the employment of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is usually recommended for test case prioritization. Single test case prioritization focuses to order test cases to maximize objectives like fault detection rate, execution time, etc. Regression testing for single-objective test suite prioritization can become challenging due to its longer execution time. However, test case prioritization for multi-objective functions is a complex and time-consuming task. A check suite may be organized in a certain order by an appropriate technique, subsequently permitting the detection of flaws as early as possible. Multi-goal particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is used for case prioritization in regression testing. The purpose of MOPSO in this context is to organize the test suite in a specific order that maximizes fault coverage, provides sufficient coverage of test cases, and minimizes execution time. This study proposes an approach based on MOPSO that focuses on maximum fault coverage, most circumstance insurance, and minimal execution time. Experiments are performed using the average percentage of faults detected (APFD) to evaluate its performance. Performance analysis using APFD consisting of no order, opposite order, and random order indicates that the MOPSO surpasses all the previous techniques and obtains an 85% fault coverage. Moreover, MOPSO is better in terms of execution time, fault detection fee, and early detection capabilities.
Core Decompression by Laser Osteoperforation: A Preliminary Report of New and Minimally Invasive Modality for the Treatment of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a devastating disease that often leads to the destruction of the hip. Core decompression of femoral head is the commonest of all conservative surgical treatments where an 8-10 mm cylindrical core of bone is removed from antero-lateral segment of the femoral head. But it is employed only in early stages of the disease and its results are still of controversial efficacy and most of patients ultimately require total hip arthroplasty. Laser irradiation stimulates the reparative process in the bone and marrow while local hyperthermia produced by the laser vaporizes some of necrotic areas leading to a reduction of the intraosseous pressure which is the fulcrum of AVN regardless of the cause. Objectives: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the outcome of core decompression by laser osteoperforation for AVN of the femoral head. Subjects and methods: The study was carried out at the Institute of Laser Surgery and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh which included 62 hips with AVN in 40 patients. Preoperative and Postoperative Clinical assessment and Radiological staging were done using 'Harris Hip Score (HHS)' and 'Ficat and Arlet staging' respectively. Under spinal anesthesia and Fluoroscopic guidance all hips were subjected to 'Core decompression by Laser Osteo-perforation' using 970 nm Diode laser through 18G spinal needle via trans-trochanteric and trans-capital approach. Results: All patients were followed up at intervals of three weeks, three months, six months and then yearly (cases with minimum 3 follow ups were included in this study). According to HHS our results are as : 40.3% - excellent; 21.0% - good; 29.0% - fair; 9.7% - poor. No significant side effects or complications were observed so far. Conclusion: Core decompression by laser osteoperforation has been proven so far to be an effective, safe and minimally invasive treatment modality for AVN of the femoral head.
Analysis of complex survey data using robust model-based and model-assisted methods

Over the past few decades, major advances have taken place in both model-based and model-assisted approaches to inferences in finite population sampling. In the standard model-based approach, the finite population is assumed to be a realization from a superpopulation characterized by a probability distribution, and that the distribution of the sample is identical to that of the finite population. The model-based method could lead to a misleading inference if either assumption is violated. The model-assisted estimators typically are consistent or at least approximately unbiased with respect to the sampling design, and yet more efficient than the customary randomization-based estimators in the sense of achieving smaller variance with respect to the design if the assumed model is appropriate. Since both approaches rely on the assumed model, there is a need to achieve robustness with respect to the model selection. This is precisely the main theme of this dissertation. This study uses the well-known Box-Cox transformation on the dependent variable to generate certain robust model-based and model-assisted estimators of finite population totals. The robustness is achieved since the appropriate transformation on the dependent variable is determined by the data. Both Monte Carlo simulation study and real data analyses are conducted to illustrate the robustness properties of the proposed estimation method using two different ways: (i) design-based, and (ii) model-based, wherever appropriate. A few potential areas of future research within the context of transformations in linear regression models, as well as linear mixed models, for analysis of complex survey data are identified.
Neighbourhood characteristics and the incidence of first-episode psychosis and duration of untreated psychosis

Background The incidence of psychotic disorders varies between geographical areas and it has been hypothesized that neighbourhood-level factors may influence this variation. It is also plausible that the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with neighbourhood characteristics. The aims of this study were to determine whether the incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the DUP are associated with the level of social deprivation, fragmentation, social capital and population density. Method All individuals with a FEP from a geographical defined catchment area over a 5-year period were included. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for each neighbourhood factor. Results A total of 292 cases of FEP were included in the study and 45% had a diagnosis of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The age standardized incidence rate of FEP in the most deprived area was 72.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.4–162.7] per 100 000 person-years compared with 21.5 (95% CI 17.6–26.0) per 100 000 person-years in the most affluent areas. This represents a 3.4-fold increase in FEP incidence in the most deprived areas. The incidence of FEP was also increased in neighbourhoods that were more socially fragmented [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.40, 95% CI 1.05–5.51, p = 0.04] and there was a trend for the incidence to be increased in neighbourhoods with lower social capital (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.99–2.06, p = 0.05). The median DUP was 4 months and was higher in more socially fragmented neighbourhoods. Conclusions The incidence of psychotic disorders is related to neighbourhood factors and it may be useful to consider neighbourhood factors when allocating resources for early intervention services.
Directed Hamiltonicity and Out-Branchings via Generalized Laplacians

We are motivated by a tantalizing open question in exact algorithms: can we detect whether an n-vertex directed graph G has a Hamiltonian cycle in time significantly less than 2^n? We present new randomized algorithms that improve upon several previous works: 1. We show that for any constant 0<lambda<1 and prime p we can count the Hamiltonian cycles modulo p^((1-lambda)n/(3p)) in expected time less than c^n for a constant c<2 that depends only on p and lambda. Such an algorithm was previously known only for the case of counting modulo two [Bj\"orklund and Husfeldt, FOCS 2013]. 2. We show that we can detect a Hamiltonian cycle in O^*(3^(n-alpha(G))) time and polynomial space, where alpha(G) is the size of the maximum independent set in G. In particular, this yields an O^*(3^(n/2)) time algorithm for bipartite directed graphs, which is faster than the exponential-space algorithm in [Cygan et al., STOC 2013]. Our algorithms are based on the algebraic combinatorics of "incidence assignments" that we can capture through evaluation of determinants of Laplacian-like matrices, inspired by the Matrix--Tree Theorem for directed graphs. In addition to the novel algorithms for directed Hamiltonicity, we use the Matrix--Tree Theorem to derive simple algebraic algorithms for detecting out-branchings. Specifically, we give an O^*(2^k)-time randomized algorithm for detecting out-branchings with at least k internal vertices, improving upon the algorithms of [Zehavi, ESA 2015] and [Bj\"orklund et al., ICALP 2015]. We also present an algebraic algorithm for the directed k-Leaf problem, based on a non-standard monomial detection problem.
Physical activity and diet in 5 to 7 years old children

Abstract Objective: To assess the possible associations between physical activity, diet, social state and overweight in children. Design: Crossectional study on 1468 children aged between 5 and 7 years old in Kiel, northwest Germany. Methods: Assessment of physical activity and social factors by a questionnaire, food frequency record, body composition analysis by anthropometrics and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: 23% of our children were overweight or obese. Low levels of physical activity (as assessed by TV viewing time) were associated with increased body mass index and a higher prevalence of overweight. TV-viewing of more than 1 h per day was associated with a high consumption fast food, sweets, chips and pizza whereas fruits and vegetables were less frequently consumed. Overweight, inactivity and unhealthy eating habits were seen more frequently in families with a low social status. Conclusions: In 5 to 7 years old children, overweight is associated with physical inactivity, unhealthy eating habits and a low social status. Primary prevention efforts should be directed to low income families.
NVM duet: unified working memory and persistent store architecture

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have gained a lot of attention recently. The byte-addressability and high density of NVM enable computer architects to build large-scale main memory systems. NVM has also been shown to be a promising alternative to conventional persistent store. With NVM, programmers can persistently retain in-memory data structures without writing them to disk. Therefore, one can envision that in the future, NVM will play the role of both working memory and persistent store at the same time. Persistent store demands consistency and durability guarantees, thereby imposing new design constraints on the memory system. Consistency is achieved at the expense of serializing multiple write operations. Durability requires memory cells to guarantee non-volatility and thus reduces the write speed. Therefore, a unified architecture oblivious to these two use cases would lead to suboptimal design. In this paper, we propose a novel unified working memory and persistent store architecture, NVM Duet, which provides the required consistency and durability guarantees for persistent store while relaxing these constraints if accesses to NVM are for working memory. A cross-layer design approach is adopted to achieve the design goal. Overall, simulation results demonstrate that NVM Duet achieves up to 1.68x (1.32x on average) speedup compared with the baseline design.
Blackwell handbook of perception

Preface. List of Contributors. 1. Cross-Talk Between Psychophysics and Physiology in the Study of Perception: E Bruce Goldstein (University of Pittsburgh). 2. Principles of Neural Processing: Michael W. Levine (University of Illinois). 3. Basic Visual Processes: Laura J. Frishman (University of Houston). 4. Color Vision: James Gordon (Hunter College) and Israel Abramov (Brooklyn College of CUNY). 5. Visual Space Perception: Hal A. Sedgwick (SUNY College of Optometry). 6. Object Perception: Mary A. Peterson (University of Arizona). 7. The Neuropsychology of Visual Object and Space Perception: Glyn W. Humphreys (University of Birmingham) and M. Jane Riddoch (University of Birmingham). 8. Movement and Event Perception: Maggie Shiffrar (Rutgers University). 9. Visual Attention: Marvin M. Chun (Vanderbilt Vision Research Center) and Jeremy M. Wolfe (Center for Opthalmic Research). 10. Separate Visual Systems for Action and Perception: Melvyn A. Goodale (University of Western Ontario) and G. Keith Humphrey (University of Western Ontario). 11. Pictorial Perception and Art: E. Bruce Goldstein (University of Pittsburgh). 12. Basic Auditory Processes: Brian C. J. Moore (University of Cambridge). 13. Loudness, Pitch and Timbre: Brian C. J. Moore (University of Cambridge). 14. Auditory Localization and Scene Perception: William A. Yost (Loyola University). 15. Perception of Music: W. Jay Dowling (University of Texas at Dallas). 16. Speech Perception and Spoken Word Recognition: Research and Theory: Miranda Cleary (Indiana University) and David B. Pisoni (Indiana University). 17. Cutaneous Perception: Janet M. Weisenberger (Ohio State University). 18. Olfaction: Beverly J. Cowart (Monell Chemical Senses Center) and Nancy E. Rawson (Monell Chemical Senses Center). 19. Taste: Harry T. Lawless (Cornell University). 20. Perceptual Development: Vision: Janet Gwiazda (The New England College of Optometry) and Eileen E. Birch (Retina Foundation of the Southwest). 21. Development of the Auditory, Gustatory, Olfactory, and Somatosensory Systems: Lynne A. Werner (Dept. of Speech and Hearing Science) and Ilene L. Bernstein (University of Washington). 22. Brain Mechanisms for Synthesizing Information from Different Sensory Modalities: Barry E. Stein (Bowman Grey School of Medicine) and Mark T. Wallace (Bowman Grey School of Medicine) and Terrence R. Stanford (Bowman Grey School of Medicine). 23. Modularity in Perception, its Relation to Cognition and Knowledge: Ken Nakayama (Harvard University).
Discerning static and causal interactions in genome-wide reverse engineering problems

BACKGROUND In the past years devising methods for discovering gene regulatory mechanisms at a genome-wide level has become a fundamental topic in the field of systems biology. The aim is to infer gene-gene interactions in an increasingly sophisticated and reliable way through the continuous improvement of reverse engineering algorithms exploiting microarray data. MOTIVATION This work is inspired by the several studies suggesting that coexpression is mostly related to 'static' stable binding relationships, like belonging to the same protein complex, rather than other types of interactions more of a 'causal' and transient nature (e.g. transcription factor-binding site interactions). The aim of this work is to verify if direct or conditional network inference algorithms (e.g. Pearson correlation for the former, partial Pearson correlation for the latter) are indeed useful in discerning static from causal dependencies in artificial and real gene networks (derived from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). RESULTS Even in the regime of weak inference power we have to work in, our analysis confirms the differences in the performances of the algorithms: direct methods are more robust in detecting stable interactions, conditional ones are better for causal interactions especially in presence of combinatorial transcriptional regulation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer

BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is increasing at an alarming rate. OBJECTIVE To discuss current epidemiologic data concerning the incidence, morbidity, environmental influences, predisposing, host conditions, precursor lesions, and prevention of melanoma and nonmelanoma (basal and squamous cell) skin cancer. METHODS The current literature ions reviewed in order to provide current epidemiologic data for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), mid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). RESULTS Skin cancer is exceedingly common and the incidence is rising rapidly. Although the mortality rate for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is decreasing, that of melanoma is increasing. Both NMSC and melanoma are associated with significant morbidity. Whereas chronic sun exposure is the main cause of NMSC, the development of melanoma appears to be related to intense, intermittent sun exposure. Ozone depletion has contributed to rising incidence rates of both NMSC and melanoma. In contrast to NMSC, there is not a direct relationship between ultraviolet radiation and melanoma. Genetic susceptibility significantly increases the lifetime risk of acquiring melanoma. There is no precursor lesion for BCC. Precursor lesions for invasive SCC include actinic keratoses and SCC in situ. Melanoma may arise from benign nevi and dysplastic nevi. Prevention of melanoma and NMSC is extremely important since prognosis improves with early detection. Prevention may be achieved by educating patients and physicians how to detect skin cancers early and by decreasing or eliminating exposure to ultraviolet light. CONCLUSION The incidence of skin cancer has readied epidemic proportions. Only through heroic efforts by health care professionals and the general public to prevent the development or progression of skin cancer will this epidemic be abated. Dermatol Surg 1996;22:217‐226.
Expressing Cardinality Quantifiers in Monadic Second-Order Logic over Trees

We study an extension of monadic second-order logic of order with the uncountability quantifier "there exist uncountably many sets". We prove that, over the class of finitely branching trees, this extension is equally expressive to plain monadic second-order logic of order. Additionally we find that the continuum hypothesis holds for classes of sets definable in monadic second-order logic over finitely branching trees, which is notable for not all of these classes are analytic. Our approach is based on Shelah's composition method and uses basic results from descriptive set theory. The elimination result is constructive, yielding a decision procedure for the extended logic.
EVALUATING SOCIAL EXCLUSION: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GROUP GOALS AND TARGET CHARACTERISTICS

Title of Dissertation: EVALUATING SOCIAL EXCLUSION: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GROUP GOALS AND TARGET CHARACTERISTICS Cameron Bruce Richardson, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Dissertation directed by: Professor Melanie Killen Department of Human Development Past work has revealed that adolescents utilize a variety of justifications to support exclusion and inclusion judgments. Group functioning justifications (e.g., "She will ruin the group/make the group work well") are one frequently cited class of considerations. This type of justification is suggestive of an attempt by the adolescent to coordinate group concerns with what the target will likely bring to the group. The above account of group functioning considerations, however, has yet to be formally tested. In this report, both target characteristics (e.g., aggression, shyness, gender) as well as group goals (competitive, noncompetitive) are manipulated in a soccer context to assess the extent to which exclusion judgments rely on the perception of target-group fit. We demonstrate evidence consistent with a target-group fit account of exclusion judgments. Implications and future directions are considered. EVALUATING SOCIAL EXCLUSION: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GROUP GOALS AND TARGET CHARACTERISTICS
DERIVED P-ADIC HEIGHTS

2 Derived p-adic heights 2.1 Derived heights for cyclic groups . 5 2.2 Comparison of pairings . 10 2.3 Compatibility of the derived heights . 12 2.4 Derived p-adic heights . 14 2.5 Refined Birch-Swinnerton Dyer formulae . 18
Pierre Martin. Éléments de phonétique avec application au français . Québec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval. 1996. 253 pages. Avec une cassette audio. 32,00 $ (broché).

Ce manuel de phonetique est destine aux etudiants de niveau universitaire. II comprend une partie theorique et des exercices. La cassette qui accompagne ce livre fournit des exemples d'articulations vocaliques et consonantiques du frangais et d'autres langues en plus de proposer des exercices de transcription phonetique dont le corrige se trouve dans le manuel. Le livre comporte 16chapitres. Le chapitre 1,1' introduction, definit les domaines de la phonetique en tant que discipline traitant de la communication humaine. II donne aussi un apergu historique de la phonetique et etablit la distinction entre les sons et les lettres. Le chapitre II fait etat de l'apport de sciences connexes a la phonetique, a savoir la sociophonetique, la neurophonetique et la psychophonetique. En fait, comme l'auteur le mentionne, il s'agit de domaines de specialisation de la sociolinguistique, de la psycholinguistique et de la neurolinguistique. Dans la partie traitant de la sociolinguistique, l'auteur fait etat des travaux de Labov, qui considere que toute variable langagiere tient son origine d'impulsions sociales, ainsi que des differentes approches de la pragmatique du langage qui etudie la langue sous son angle interactionnel. Dans la partie traitant de la psycholinguistique, il met l'accent sur le processus complexe de l'acces au lexique a partir du decodage du signal. II montre aussi comment depuis vingt ans, cette discipline en est venue a se considerer comme une branche de la psychologie cognitive. Dans la partie traitant de la neurolinguistique, l'auteur fait une description des differentes aires du cerveau reliees au langage, enonce un modele general du fonctionnement cerebral du langage et montre comment l'etude des pathologies du langage contribue a l'elaboration de ce modele. Enfin, il fait etat de la recherche des vingt dernieres annees qui tente de demontrer la predominance de l'hemisphere gauche du cerveau dans l'activite langagiere. Cet hemisphere traiterait en effet l'information reliee aux segments et a l'intonation, toutefois c'est le droit qui discriminerait les differences de duree de transitions. Les recherches tendent aussi a demontrer que le phoneme, ou le trait pertinent, est l'unite perceptuelle de base du langage.
The Noncommutative Geometry of k-graph C*-Algebras

• . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • .
Mammalian-Aminobutyric AcidB Receptors : Structure and Function

247
The submicroscopic properties of cytoplasm as a determinant of cellular function.

INTRODUCTION 369, BACKGROUND . 371 Rheology of Cytoplasm. 371 Extracts. and Reconstituted Systems . 372 Electron Microscopy . 373 FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF LIVING CELLS . 374 Fluorescent Analog Cytochemistry. 374 Ratio Mapping of Ion Concentrations in Cytoplasm . 377 Mobility of Inert Tracers in Cytoplasm . 378 Diff erential Distribution of Large and Small Tracers in Living Cells. 384
The Role of Individuals and Funding in University–Enterprise Partnerships in Europe. A Cross-National Approach

s . 460