Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Silirum®-Based Vaccination Programs on Map Fecal Shedding and Serological Response in Seven French Dairy Herds

Simple Summary Paratuberculosis is an economically important disease in ruminants, and control in affected herds/flocks primarily relies on test and cull strategies and good hygiene and management practices. Vaccination against the causative agent Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is also used as a tool in some paratuberculosis control programs. The effects of the whole-cell heat-killed Silirum® vaccine on bacterial shedding in the feces and serological response were studied in a controlled field study involving seven French dairy herds, where calves were vaccinated at various ages. A statistically significant reduction of the probability of fecal shedding was observed for cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age compared to non-vaccinated controls. A strong effect of age at vaccination on the serological status investigated in adulthood was also demonstrated, which was also associated with a difference in the protective effect of vaccination. Abstract (1) Background: paratuberculosis is an important disease in ruminants, causing worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry. Although vaccination is known not to prevent transmission of the causative agent Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), it is considered an effective tool for paratuberculosis in infected herds. The objectives of this controlled field study were to evaluate the effects of the whole-cell heat-killed Silirum® vaccine on Map fecal shedding and serological status in dairy herds infected with paratuberculosis. (2) Methods: The serological status (ELISA) and fecal shedding (qPCR) of 358 vaccinated cows were assessed over 3 years in 7 infected dairy herds in the Meuse department, France. Within each herd, cows from the last non-vaccinated birth cohort (n = 265) were used as controls. The probability and level of Map fecal shedding and the serological status were modeled using multivariable mixed general linear regression models. (3) Results: Overall, 34.7% of cows tested positive at least once on fecal qPCR, with significant differences between herds, but high shedding levels were observed in only 5.5% of cows. Compared to non-vaccinated seronegative cows, a statistically significant reduction in the probability of Map shedding was found only in cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age that tested negative for Map antibodies throughout the study period (odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.9, p = 0.008), but no significant effect of vaccination on the amount of Map shedding could be evidenced. Finally, the younger the cows were when vaccinated, the less they tested positive on the serum ELISA. (4) Conclusions: a beneficial effect of vaccination on Map fecal shedding may exist in cows vaccinated before 4 to 5 months of age. The variability of the serum ELISA response in vaccinated cows remains to be investigated.
Confirmation and Induction

Scientiﬁc knowledge is based on induction, that is, ampliative inferences from experience. This chapter reviews attacks on and defenses of induction, as well as attempts to spell out rules of inductive inference. Particular attention is paid to the degree of conﬁrmation of a hypothesis, its role in inductive inference and the Bayesian explications of that concept. Finally, the chapter compares Bayesian and frequentist approaches to statistical inference.
Noninvasive Human Ballistocardiography Assessment Based on Deep Learning

Ballistocardiography (BCG) is a vibration signal of human cardiac activity, which can be obtained by an optical fiber sensor (OFS) in a noninvasive way. The proposed OFS, as a low power consumption, noncontact, noninvasive real-time health monitoring instrument, has been developed into an effective health care monitoring method. However, when people need to monitor BCG for a long time, a large number of BCG data needs to be collected, which is time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. To solve this problem, in this article, we proposed a novel deep learning model, termed BCGNET. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to extract the short-term dependence between multivariate loads. Then, the recurrent neural network (RNN) model is used to capture the long-term dependence of load sequence, and the ultra-long-term repetitive pattern of load sequence is fully studied by using the long-short term memory (LSTM) network with a recurrent skip. Finally, the autoregressive layer and full connection layer are used for combined prediction. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of BCGNET; the accuracy is 91.43% achieved by the proposed BCGNET compared with CNN (89.61%), RNN (89.88%) and multihead attention network (MHA-Net) (90.22%), and also show the proposed model has good performance in BCG prediction and assessment.
Student Location Reporting System Using Arduino Uno

The continuous monitoring of student’s whereabouts process requires an individual to be designated to each student, which is not an ideal case for larger number of students. This project explores the idea of locating the student’s when he/she will go out of the college/institution. This is done by using a GPS Module which is with the student. Tracking of a person and monitoring continuously requires a human assistance for long time. There are some mobile applications to track the location using some map APIs. Applications like google map has feature of sharing location through different messaging mediums or social networks. So that we cannot track people without assistance. The technique used in this project involves the use of GPS to alert the admin by sending SMS. Admin or parent is notified whenever respective student will cross the specific location, which is indeed the college. A GSM module is used to send SMS as soon as the location is crossed. SMS can be sent to the parent and the respective faculty in charge of the student.
Self-Heating in Gate-All-Around Vertical III-V InAs/InGaAs MOSFETs

We investigate self-heating in vertical, gate-all-around III-V InAs/InGaAs nanowire MOSFETs using pulsed IV measurements at various temperatures. Low temperature measurements reveal a negative output conductance indicating self-heating in the transistor. Under pulsed measurements, an increase in drain current (15%) and transconductance (30%) are observed at room temperature, with values influenced by the pulse width. This effect on performance is quantified with determination of the thermal resistance and capacitance. Furthermore, a first order thermal circuit is modelled based on the thermal impedances. The results indicate that the intrinsic temperature rises to 385 K when the device is operated in DC at room temperature (300 K) with a thermal time constant of $1~\mu \text{s}$ . We find that self-heating is a limiting factor for device performance.
Do phytoplankton require oxygen to survive? A hypothesis and model synthesis from oxygen minimum zones

It is commonly known that phytoplankton have a pivotal role in marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems as carbon fixers and oxygen producers, but their response to deoxygenation has scarcely been studied. Nonetheless, in the major oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), all surface phytoplankton groups, regardless of size, disappear and are replaced by unique cyanobacteria lineages below the oxycline. To develop reasonable hypotheses to explain this pattern, we conduct a review of available information on OMZ phytoplankton, and we re‐analyze previously published data (flow cytometric and hydrographic) on vertical structure of phytoplankton communities in relation to light and O2 levels. We also review the physical constraints on O2 acquisition as well as O2‐dependent metabolisms in phototrophs. These considerations, along with estimates of the photosynthetic capacity of phytoplankton along OMZ depth profiles using published data, suggest that top‐down grazing, respiratory demand, and irradiance are insufficient to fully explain the vertical structure observed in the upper, more sunlit portions of OMZs. Photorespiration and water–water cycles are O2‐dependent pathways with low O2 affinities. Although their metabolic roles are still poorly understood, a hypothetical dependence on such pathways by the phytoplankton adapted to the oxic ocean might explain vertical patterns in OMZs and results of laboratory experiments. This can be represented in a simple model in which the requirement for photorespiration in surface phytoplankton and O2‐inhibition of OMZ lineages reproduces the observed vertical fluorescence profiles and the replacement of phytoplankton adapted to O2 by lineages restricted to the most O2‐deficient waters. A high O2 requirement by modern phytoplankton would suggest a positive feedback that intensifies trends in OMZ extent and ocean oxygenation or deoxygenation, both in Earth's past and in response to current climate change.
Uplink Multiple Access With Semi-Grant-Free Transmission in Integrated Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Networks

This paper investigates a semi-grant-free (SGF) based transmission strategy to provide a flexible connectivity for various kinds of users in an integrated satellite-aerial-terrestrial network (ISATN). Herein, a high-altitude platform (HAP) termed as a grant-based user (GBU), which serves multiple mobile terminals (MTs) through space division multiple access (SDMA), wants to access a satellite network with multiple earth stations (ESs) termed as grant-free users (GFUs) simultaneously via non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted SGF. To this end, we first propose two SGF-based uplink transmission schemes for both perfect channel state information (CSI) and imperfect CSI cases. When perfect CSI is available, a zero-forcing based beamforming (BF) scheme is used in HAP network while an adaptive transmit power allocation (ATPA) approach is adopted for SGF transmission. When only imperfect CSI is available, BF scheme employing the derived channel correlation matrix of HAP-MT link is proposed to achieve SDMA, and a novel ATPA strategy with rate probability constraint is proposed to guarantee quality-of-service of the GBU. Next, we derive the closed-form throughput expressions to evaluate the performance of the considered ISATN with the proposed two SGF-based schemes. Finally, computer simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical performance analysis and show the superiority of the proposed schemes over the related works. Moreover, our numerical results not only demonstrate a satisfactory performance of the proposed SGF-based scheme using imperfect CSI, but also reveal the impact of CSI errors on the system performance.
Osteopontin in Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological condition with multifactorial etiology, which is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that circulating osteopontin may serve as a biomarker of PH progression, severity, and prognosis, as well as an indicator of maladaptive right ventricular remodeling and dysfunction. Moreover, preclinical studies in rodent models have implicated osteopontin in PH pathogenesis. Osteopontin modulates a plethora of cellular processes within the pulmonary vasculature, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, extracellular matrix synthesis, and inflammation via binding to various receptors such as integrins and CD44. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of osteopontin regulation and its impact on pulmonary vascular remodeling, as well as consider research issues required for the development of therapeutics targeting osteopontin as a potential strategy for the management of PH.
Visualization and Comparison of the Level of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 in Live Normal/Cancerous and Neuron Cells with a Fluorescent Nanoprobe

As a major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and a redox signaling protein in human cells, APE1 plays a crucial role in cellular function and survival. The relationship between alterations of APE1 expression and subcellular localization and the initiation, development and treatment of various cancers has received extensive attention. However, comparing the in-vivo activity of APE1 in normal and cancerous breast live cells remains challenging due to the low efficiency of commonly used liposome transfection methods in delivering DNA substrate probes into human normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). In this work, we develop a DNA/RNA hybrid-based small magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe (25 ± 3 nm) that can be taken up by various live cells under magnetic transfection. The D0/R-nanoprobe demonstrates an outstanding specificity toward APE1 and strong resistance to the cellular background interference. Using this nanoprobe, we are not only able to visualize the intracellular activity of APE1 in breast ductal carcinoma (MCF-7) live cells, but also demonstrate the APE1 activity in MCF-10A live cells for the first time. The method is then extended to observe the changes in APE1 levels in highly metabolically active neuroendocrine cells under normal conditions and severe attacks by reactive oxygen species in real-time. The fluorescent nanoprobe provides a useful tool for studying the dynamic changes of intracellular APE1 in normal or cancerous live cells. It also displays the potential for visible and controllable release of miRNA drugs within live cells for therapeutic purposes.
Impact of PNF, Active Release Technique and Conventional Physiotherapy on the physical ability of subjects with Periarthritis Shoulder

The term Periarthritis and adhesive capsulitis was coined in 1945 by Neviaser. The exact etiology remains unclear. The presentation is like an inflammatory condition followed by fibrosis and collagen deposition. Periarthritis (PA) is a "catch-all diagnosis" that frequently refers to a variety of shoulder issues. The goal of this study was to see how Neuromuscular Facilitation and Active Release Technique improves pain, range of motion, and shoulder function in periarthritic patients. Based on the criteria for selection, the investigation was carried out at the ACS Medical College and Hospital's Outpatient Department of Physiotherapy. They were divided into Group A (n = 12), Group B (n = 12) and Group C (n = 12) using the simple random lottery procedure. This study used a preand post-test comparison design. Simple random sampling was used to choose the study's 36 participants, who were both male and female, aged 40 to 60, with second-stage periarthritis of the shoulder. Preand post-test scores were kept for the outcome measure, which included the Visual Analog Scale, Goniometry, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Scale. Six weekly sessions of the treatment were given over the course of four weeks. The Dependent variable is Pain, ROM, shoulder function, the Independent variables are Neuromuscular Facilitation and Active Release Technique. The present study provided evidence to prove that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is more effective than the active release technique with P<0.001, in periarthritic patients in terms of lowering discomfort, enhancing range of motion, and functional capacity. According to the study, periarthritic individuals who underwent the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation have pain relief, improved range of motion, and improved functional abilities.
Design of a Novel Magnetically Actuated Biaxial Robot With Compact Structure and Easy Operation

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel magnetically actuated biaxial robot with compact structure and easy operation. For the first time, the untethered robot enables grasping, rotating, and transporting operations of the target object by integrating magnetic torque and force driving. The grasping and rotating operations are realized via the magnetic torque produced by custom-built electromagnetic coils. The transporting process is implemented by the magnetic force created by permanent magnets carried on an external manipulator. Analytical models are established for studying the working principle. Optimization of the robot's structural parameters is carried out by performing a finite-element analysis simulation to achieve the expected performance. To characterize the actual performance, a magnetically actuated biaxial robot prototype is fabricated, and experimental tests are conducted. For demonstration, a zebrafish embryo has been dexterously manipulated by the proposed robot operating in a Petri dish filled with pure water. The results indicate that the reported robot can be used in the practical application of biological sample handling.
Cellular and Mitochondrial NAD Homeostasis in Health and Disease

The mitochondrion has a unique position among other cellular organelles due to its dynamic properties and symbiotic nature, which is reflected in an active exchange of metabolites and cofactors between the rest of the intracellular compartments. The mitochondrial energy metabolism is greatly dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a cofactor that is essential for both the activity of respiratory and TCA cycle enzymes. The NAD level is determined by the rate of NAD synthesis, the activity of NAD-consuming enzymes, and the exchange rate between the individual subcellular compartments. In this review, we discuss the NAD synthesis pathways, the NAD degradation enzymes, and NAD subcellular localization, as well as NAD transport mechanisms with a focus on mitochondria. Finally, the effect of the pathologic depletion of mitochondrial NAD pools on mitochondrial proteins’ post-translational modifications and its role in neurodegeneration will be reviewed. Understanding the physiological constraints and mechanisms of NAD maintenance and the exchange between subcellular compartments is critical given NAD’s broad effects and roles in health and disease.
Changes in Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Starch during Potato Tuber Dormancy

The main reserve polysaccharide of plants—starch—is undoubtedly important for humans. One of the main sources of starch is the potato tuber, which is able to preserve starch for a long time during the so-called dormancy period. However, accumulated data show that this dormancy is only relative, which raises the question of the possibility of some kind of starch restructuring during dormancy periods. Here, the effect of long-term periods of tuber rest (at 2–4 °C) on main parameters of starches of potato tubers grown in vivo or in vitro were studied. Along with non-transgenic potatoes, Arabidopsis phytochrome B (AtPHYB) transformants were investigated. Distinct changes in starch micro and macro structures—an increase in proportion of amorphous lamellae and of large-sized and irregular-shaped granules, as well as shifts in thickness of the crystalline lamellae—were detected. The degree of such alterations, more pronounced in AtPHYB-transgenic tubers, increased with the longevity of tuber dormancy. By contrast, the polymorphic crystalline structure (B-type) of starch remained unchanged regardless of dormancy duration. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that potato starch remains metabolically and structurally labile during the entire tuber life including the dormancy period. The revealed starch remodeling may be considered a process of tuber preadaptation to the upcoming sprouting stage.
Data-Driven Model-Free Adaptive Positioning and Anti-Swing Control for Bridge Cranes

In the positioning and anti-swing control of bridge crane, a model-free adaptive control (MFAC) based on data-driven is proposed in order to eliminate the dependence of controller design on the model and the influence of unmodeled dynamics and uncertain disturbances on the controller performance. Only using the input and output data of the bridge crane system, the virtual full format dynamic linearized data model of the bridge crane nonlinear system is obtained through the data-driven modeling method. On the basis of this virtual data model, a model-free adaptive control law and a pseudo-Jacobian matrix estimation algorithm are designed according to the optimization theory under the constraint conditions. The stability of the closed loop system and the convergence of the system error are analyzed and proved by Lipschitz condition and inequality theory. The effectiveness of the control strategy for positioning and anti-swing control of bridge cranes is verified on simulated simulation and experimental platform of bridge crane. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and has good anti-disturbance performance and robustness.
Disentangling the Key Drivers of Ecosystem Water-Use Efficiency in China's Subtropical Forests Using an Improved Remote-Sensing-Driven Analytical Model

The subtropical forests in China play a pivotal part in the global and regional carbon–water cycle and in regulating the climate. Ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial index for understanding the trade-off between ecosystem carbon gain and water consumption. However, the underlying mechanisms of the WUE in forest ecosystems, especially the different subtropical forests, have remained unclear. In this paper, we developed a simple framework for estimating forest WUE and revealing the underlying mechanisms of forest WUE changes via a series of numerical experiments. Validated by measured WUE, the simulated WUE from our developed WUE framework showed a good performance. In addition, we found that the subtropical forest WUE experienced a significant increasing trend during 2001–2018, especially in evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests where the increasing rate was greatest (0.027 gC kg−1 H2O year−1, p < 0.001). Further analysis indicated that the atmospheric CO2 concentration and vapor pressure deficits (VPD), rather than leaf area index (LAI), were the dominant drivers leading to the subtropical forest WUE changes. When summed for the whole subtropical forests, CO2 and VPD had an almost equal spatial impact on annual WUE change trends and accounted for 45.3% and 49.1% of the whole study area, respectively. This suggests that future forest management aiming to increase forest carbon uptake and protect water resources needs to pay more attention to the long-term impacts of climate change on forest WUE.