Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Testing of an Antenna System for the Source Stirring Technique in Reverberation Chambers

Abstract The paper describes the design and testing of a radiating structure developed to reverberate electromagnetic fields in shielded chambers. The radiating system consists of a set of conical broadband wire antennas, adapted to cover the operational frequency range of 1 to 3GHz. Twenty antennas are used to build up the structure, and field stirring is achieved by switching on 190 different combinations that generate field statistics and field uniformity quite similar to those of a mechanically stirred reverberation chamber (RC). All the measurements prescribed by standard and literature were carried out to test the stirring capabilities of the radiating structure, and to assess that the RC field fulfills the IEC 61000-4-21 requirements.
Strong slow-light resonances in apodized deuterium-loaded femtosecond FBGs

This paper reports the generation of record low group velocities, large group delays, and high optical confinements in strong apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The gratings were fabricated in deuterium-loaded fiber using an 806-nm femtosecond laser and a phase mask to produce strong apodized index-modulation profiles and low internal loss, followed by annealing to reduce residual losses. In a first FBG of this type with a length of ~25 mm and a non-saturated index modulation we measured a group delay–transmission product of 10.4 ns, the highest ever reported. In a stronger, shorter FBG (12.3 mm in length), a group delay of 42 ns was observed, corresponding to a group velocity of only ~290 km/s and a group index of 1020. In a still shorter and therefore lower loss device (~5 mm) we were able to observe the fundamental mode, and infer a Purcell factor as high as 25.5. These exceptional features are made possible in part by the gratings’ strong index modulation (~2x10-3) and ultra-low single-pass loss (~0.01–0.015 dB/cm).
Guiding Movement by Coupling Taus

Studies of sensory guidance of movement in animals show that large nervous systems are not necessary for accurate control, suggesting that guidance may be based on some simple principles. In search for those principles, a theory of guidance of movement is described, which has its roots in Gibson's pathfinding work on visual control of locomotion (J. J. Gibson, 1958/this issue). The theory is based on the use of the simple but powerful variable tau, the time-to-closure of a gap at the current gap closure rate (whatever the gap's dimension—distance, angle, force, etc.); and on the principle of tau-coupling (keeping two Ts in constant ratio). In this article, I show how tau-coupling could be used to synchronize movements and regulate their kinematics. Supportive experimental results are reported. I also show theoretically how sensory-taus, defined on sensory input arrays, can specify motion-taus through tau-coupling; how the braking procedure of keeping tau.dot stable is a particular case of tau.coupling; an.
Dynamic PMD compensation for 160Gbit/s OTDM systems

By using thin membrane plating technology in collimating lens, we successfully manufacture a 160Gbit/s time-division multiplexer basing on the combination of fiber and space structure method. The multiplexer is flexible according to your practical need, which can output 20, 40, 80, or 160Gbit/s signal. For 20, 40, 80 or 160Gbit/s multiplexer, insertion losses are 4dB, 6dB, 8dB and 16dB respectively. The low insertion loss provides maximum transmission power. It also has such features: polarization insensitivity, very short coherence length, high time-delay accuracy, and excellent temperature stability. An experiment of two degrees PMD compensation in 160Gbit/s RZ optical communication system is achieved. The PMD monitoring technique is based on DOP as error signal. A practical adaptive optimization algorithm was introduced in dynamic adaptive PMD compensation. The experimental results show the improvement in PMD. With this compensator, a significant improvement of system performance can be achieved by auto-correlative curves. The 2.5ps first-order and 15ps2 second-order PMD are compensated. The PMD compensating time is less than 100ms.
Effects of Motor Task Difficulty on Postural Control Complexity during Dual Tasks in Young Adults: A Nonlinear Approach

Few studies have evaluated the effect of a secondary motor task on the standing posture based on nonlinear analysis. However, it is helpful to extract information related to the complexity, stability, and adaptability to the environment of the human postural system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two motor tasks with different difficulty levels in motor performance complexity on the static standing posture in healthy young adults. Thirty-five healthy participants (23.08 ± 3.92 years) performed a postural single task (ST: keep a quiet standing posture) and two motor dual tasks (DT). i.e., mot-DT(A)—perform the ST while performing simultaneously an easy motor task (taking a smartphone out of a bag, bringing it to the ear, and putting it back in the bag)—and mot-DT(T)—perform the ST while performing a concurrent difficult motor task (typing on the smartphone keyboard). The approximate entropy (ApEn), Lyapunov exponent (LyE), correlation dimension (CoDim), and fractal dimension (detrending fluctuation analysis, DFA) for the mediolateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) center-of-pressure (CoP) displacement were measured with a force plate while performing the tasks. A significant difference was found between the two motor dual tasks in ApEn, DFA, and CoDim-AP (p < 0.05). For the ML CoP direction, all nonlinear variables in the study were significantly different (p < 0.05) between ST and mot-DT(T), showing impairment in postural control during mot-DT(T) compared to ST. Differences were found across ST and mot-DT(A) in ApEn-AP and DFA (p < 0.05). The mot-DT(T) was associated with less effectiveness in postural control, a lower number of degrees of freedom, less complexity and adaptability of the dynamic system than the postural single task and the mot-DT(A).
A comparison of projected thermoelectric and thermionic refrigerators

Expressions for the coefficient of performance and the cooling power of a thermionic refrigerator are derived taking into account the losses associated with thermal radiation and the need for a so-called passive conductor in the electrical circuit. Specific calculations are made for a thermionic device with a work function of 0.3 eV and it is shown that the performance is generally superior to that of a thermoelectric refrigerator made from materials with a dimensionless figure of merit ZT equal to 4.
Waves generated during electron beam emissions from the space shuttle

Some results from the SEPAC (Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators) experiment flown on the Spacelab 1 shuttle mission are presented. The active part of the experiment included the injection of electron beams at currents up to 300 mA, and energies up to 5 keV. The main focus of the paper is on the wave activity observed during these beam emissions. It is found that the noise in the 0.75- to 10-kHz VLF band has a spectral shape that can be characterized by an f−n law, and that the VLF signal level depends on the beam angle to the magnetic field, the strongest emissions being observed for parallel beams. These features are found to be consistent with a drift wave instability. In the 0.1- to 8-MHz frequency range, very little activity is detected, probably due to a too low gain setting. Reference is made to results from two other electron beam experiments performed from the space shuttle, namely PICPAB (Phenomena Induced by Charged Particle Beams), also flown on Spacelab 1, and FPEG (Fast Pulse Electron Gun) flown on STS 3. Some comments on the space shuttle as a platform for investigation of beam-plasma interactions are provided.
Tingkat Sirkulasi Kadar Interleukin 6 (Il-6) Perempuan Obesitas pada Latihan Kontinyu Intensitas Moderate

Abstract:Exercise is believed to be responsible for alterations in Interleukins-6 (IL-6) which is not only involved in immune response and influences glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism but is also associated with inflammation in obesity. This study aimed to reveal the exercise response to IL-6 secretion, with 14 obese female participants divided into two groups: the control group and the continuous exercise group. The continued exercise was done for 40 minutes with moderate intensity. Blood sampling were carried out before and after exercise, taken from the cubital vein. Measurement of IL-6 was used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data analysis was performed using t-test. Based on the study’s results, there was a significant difference between groups in IL-6 secretion (P greater than 0.05). Therefore, exercise affects the secretion of IL-6 hence exercise can be a strategic approach to prevent inflammation in the obese group. Abstrak: Latihan diyakini bertanggung jawab terhadap perubahan Interleukin 6 (IL-6), yang tidak hanya terlibat pada respon imun dan pengaruh pada glukosa, protein dan metabolism lemak, tetapi juga berhubungan inflamasi pada obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap respon latihan terhadap sekresi IL-6, dengan partisipan 14 perempuan obesitas yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok: kelompok control dan kelompok latihan kontiyu. Latihan kontinyu dilakukan selama 40 menit dengan intensitas sedang. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan sebelum dan setelah latihan, pengambilan sampel darah dari vena cubiti. Pengukuran IL-6 menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analisis data menggunakan uji t test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok yang signifikan sekresi IL-6 (P lebih dari 0.05). Maka latihan berpengaruh terhadap sekresi IL-6 sehingga latihan dapat menjadi pendekatan yang strategis untuk mencegah inflamasi pada kelompok obesitas.
The vane‐in‐cup as a novel rheometer geometry for shear thinning and thixotropic materials

We have addressed the question of the suitability of the vane‐in‐cup as a rheometer geometry. A numerical simulation of this geometry was conducted for a power‐law fluid and the results compared with a similar study for a conventional bob‐in‐cup geometry. The comparison indicates that for a sufficiently shear‐thinning fluid (of shear‐thinning index less than 0.5) the fluid within the periphery of the vane blades is essentially trapped there and turns with the vane as a solid body. Calculation of the shear stress at the cup wall indicates that this quantity is equal in both geometries for a given rotational rate of the spindle. Thus the torque required to turn the spindle would be the same and identical flow curves would be predicted. This prediction was tested on two fluids thought to possess a yield stress: a 5.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution and a 4.2% Veegum PRO clay suspension. Equivalent flow curves were obtained at very low stresses/shear rates but a sudden, catastrophic viscosity lo.
Pesantren Education in Indonesia: Efforts to Create Child-Friendly Pesantren

Pondok pesantren (Islamic boarding school) has improved in many aspects, including the quality in Indonesia. However, since 2020, sexual and physical abuses have occurred in pesantren that attract public attention. This phenomenon indirectly made many parties question the existence of pesantren. Based on the government directives, pesantren was supposed to be a safe and comfortable environment for learners. This paper presents the efforts of four pesantren in Indonesia to become child-friendly places. Findings based on the qualitative study reported in this paper show that child-friendly pesantren program has been initiated and developed by main figures, such as Kyai/nyai (pesantren leader), ustadz/ustadzah (teachers), and students (santri). Each pesantren has almost the same exertions, namely optimizing three main areas; subjects, management, and infrastructure, but the characteristics of the pesantren still impact the detail stages employed. For instance, Salaf pesantren still strive traditionally, while modern and semi-modern pesantren have begun to adapt to technological advances and current needs.
Could marine mammals use ambient noise imaging techniques

Ambient noise imaging (ANI) between 8–80 kHz has been demonstrated to produce good images at 40‐m range using a 3‐m aperture. With the two classic forms of sonar, active and passive, marine mammal biosonar has always outperformed man‐made sonar of comparable dimensions. It is then natural to ask whether marine mammals may also use this newly discovered ANI technique as part of their sensory arsenal. Twenty odontecetes, for example, may find advantage in not broadcasting their imminent presence in pursuit of an intelligent prey. An odontecete has been observed successfully pursuing live prey without vision and with no echolocation clinks detected on any of several monitoring hydrophones during pursuit. This surprising observation may be explained if biological ANI is a viable option. To test this idea, an ANI simulation model has been adapted to include realistic target responses of fish with swimbladders, and a model of the receiving performance of a tursiops dolphin has been used to evaluate the possible performance envelope of a biological ANI system. It is found that it is plausible that some marine mammals use ANI to augment information from other senses at short ranges. The implications for understanding these animals and their behavior are substantial.
Hallmarks of Cancer Affected by the MIF Cytokine Family

Simple Summary The aim of this review is to summarize the available information regarding the MIF family in cancer, comprising MIF and DDT. Both cytokines are highly expressed in cancer patients, and their functions are related to 9 out of 10 hallmarks of cancer, suggesting that this cytokine family may become an important target to improve existing cancer therapies. Abstract New diagnostic methods and treatments have significantly decreased the mortality rates of cancer patients, but further improvements are warranted based on the identification of novel tumor-promoting molecules that can serve as therapeutic targets. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family of cytokines, comprising MIF and DDT (also known as MIF2), are overexpressed in almost all cancer types, and their high expressions are related to a worse prognosis for the patients. MIF is involved in 9 of the 10 hallmarks of cancer, and its inhibition by antibodies, nanobodies, or small synthetic molecules has shown promising results. Even though DDT is also proposed to be involved in several of the hallmarks of cancer, the available information about its pro-tumoral role and mechanism of action is more limited. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of both MIF and DDT in cancer, and we propose that blocking both cytokines is needed to obtain the maximum anti-tumor response.
SOLAR WIND SPEED INFERRED FROM COMETARY PLASMA TAILS USING OBSERVATIONS FROM STEREO HI-1

The high temporal and spatial resolution of heliospheric white-light imagers enables us to measure the propagation of plasma tails of bright comets as they travel through the interplanetary medium. Plasma tails of comets have been recognized for many years as natural probes of the solar wind. Using a new technique developed at the University of California, San Diego to measure the radial motion of the plasma tails, we measure the ambient solar wind speed, for the first time in situ at comets 2P/Encke and 96P/Machholz. We determine the enhanced solar wind speeds during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection encounter with 2P/Encke and compare these to previously modeled values, and also present solar wind speeds covering a range of latitudes for 96P/Machholz. We here apply this technique using images from the Sun–Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation Heliospheric Imagers (HI-1) on board the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory-Ahead spacecraft.
A novel double edged sword in T cell development and function: Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1)

Ripk1 is a key regulator of survival and death. This dual function is controlled by post-translational modifications: ubiquitination of RIPK1 leads to activation and survival whereas its deubiquitination or phosphorylation triggers death. In addition to its involvement in downstream signaling by many death receptors RIPK1 also functions in TCR-induced signaling cascades that either lead to activation-induced death or survival and NFkb activation. The role of Ripk1 in T cells development and functions are still poorly understood mainly because of the perinatal lethality of Ripk1 genomic deletion. To circumvent this problem, we generated T cell specific conditional KO mice by crossed Ripk1fl/fl mice with CD4-Cre. This deletion during development greatly affected the generation of TCRab thymocytes and in particular the agonist selected T cell subsets, including the NKT cells and the TCRab DN T cells. Similarly, TCRab T cells in the periphery were greatly reduced, in particular the NK T cell and DN subsets, whereas as expected TCRgd T cells were not affected. Most remaining TCRab T cells displayed a CD44+ activated phenotype and differentiation to cytotoxic cells, including the CD4 T cells. A similar effect was seen among the mucosal T cells in the gut, where few DN T cells were present and most of the intraepithelial TCRab T cells were cytotoxic CD8 T cells with high levels of Granzyme expression. All CD4 IETs were negative for ThPOK and expressed granzyme similar to their CD8 counterparts. These observations highlight an important role for RIPK1 in thymic development of agonist selected T cells as well as conventional CD4 and CD8 thymocytes and in the periphery for the functional maturation and survival of lymphoid and tissue resident T cell subsets
Correlated Bivariate Sequences for Queueing and Reliability Applications

Abstract We derive bivariate exponential, gamma, Coxian or hyperexponential distributions. To obtain a positive correlation, we define a linear relation between the variates X and Y of the form Y = aX + Z where a is a positive constant and Z is independent of X. By fixing the marginal distributions of X and Y, we characterize the distribution of Z. To obtain negative correlations, we define X = aP + V and Y = bQ + W where P and Q are exponential antithetic random variables. Our bivariate models are useful in introducing dependence between the interarrivals and service times in a queueing model and in the failure process in multicomponent systems. The primary advantage of our model in the context of queueing analysis is that it remains mathematically tractable because the Laplace Transform of the joint distribution is a rational function, that is a ratio of polynomials. Further, the variates can be very easily generated for computer simulation. These models can also be used for the study of transmission controlled queueing networks.
Approximation of Fluctuations in a Sequence of Nearly Critical Branching Processes

We consider a sequence of discrete time branching processes with generation-dependent immigration, where the offspring mean tends to its critical value 1. Using a martingale approach, we prove functional limit theorems for suitable normalized fluctuations of the process around its mean when the mean number of immigrating individuals tends to infinity. The limiting processes are deterministically time-changed Wiener processes with three different non-linear time change functions, depending on the behavior of the mean and the variance of the number of immigrants. For the normalized sequence of processes we obtain a deterministic approximation. Consequences related to the maxima and the total progeny of the process will be discussed.
The class B heat shock factor HSFB1 regulates heat tolerance in grapevine

Abstract Grape is a widely cultivated crop with high economic value. Most cultivars derived from mild or cooler climates may not withstand increasing heat stress. Therefore, dissecting the mechanisms of heat tolerance in grapes is of particular significance. Here, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of Vitis davidii ‘Tangwei’ (heat tolerant) and Vitis vinifera ‘Jingxiu’ (heat sensitive) grapevines after exposure to 25°C, 40°C, or 45°C for 2 h. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in ‘Tangwei’ than in ‘Jingxiu’ in response to heat stress, and the number of DEGs increased with increasing treatment temperatures. We identified a class B Heat Shock Factor, HSFB1, which was significantly upregulated in ‘Tangwei’, but not in ‘Jingxiu’, at high temperature. VdHSFB1 from ‘Tangwei’ and VvHSFB1 from ‘Jingxiu’ differ in only one amino acid, and both showed similar transcriptional repression activities. Overexpression and RNA interference of HSFB1 in grape indicated that HSFB1 positively regulates the heat tolerance. Moreover, the heat tolerance of HSFB1-overexpressing plants was positively correlated to HSFB1 expression level. The activity of the VdHSFB1 promoter is higher than that of VvHSFB1 under both normal and high temperatures. Promoter analysis showed that more TATA-box and AT~TATA-box cis-elements are present in the VdHSFB1 promoter than the VvHSFB1 promoter. The promoter sequence variations between VdHSFB1 and VvHSFB1 likely determine the HSFB1 expression levels that influence heat tolerance of the two grape germplasms with contrasting thermotolerance. Collectively, we validated the role of HSFB1 in heat tolerance, and the knowledge gained will advance our ability to breed heat-tolerant grape cultivars.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and CKD G3–G5D

ABSTRACT Background The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) including dialysis is growing. Several studies have shown favorable results of DOAC compared with warfarin regarding bleeding risk but no difference in stroke protection. However, these studies had poor time in therapeutic range (TTR), in the warfarin comparison group. Methods This was a Swedish national cohort study investigating the risk of ischemic stroke and major bleeding on DOAC compared with warfarin in patients with NVAF, glomerular filtration rate category 3–5D (G3–G5D), kidney transplant recipients excluded, between 2009 and 2018. Data extracted from high-quality national healthcare registries including the Swedish Renal Registry, AuriculA (the Swedish national quality register for AF and anticoagulation) and The Stroke Register. Results At enrolment, of 2453 patients 59% were treated with warfarin (mean TTR 67%) and 41% with DOAC. Overall, 693 (28.3%) had G3, 1113 (45.4%) G4, 222 (9.1%) G5 and 425 (17.3%) G5D. DOAC compared with warfarin showed lower hazard of major bleeding [hazard ratio 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.53–0.96)] but no difference in ischemic stroke risk. Mortality was increased during DOAC treatment [1.24 (1.01–1.53)], presumably not a causal association since fewer fatal bleedings occurred on DOAC. Conclusions DOAC treatment, compared with warfarin, is associated with almost 30% lower risk of bleeding in patients with NVAF and CKD G3–G5D. The stroke risk is comparable between the treatments. This is the first study comparing DOAC and well-managed warfarin (TTR 67%) in advanced CKD. Ongoing and planned randomized controlled trials need to confirm the possible benefit of DOAC.