Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cylindrical Gravitational News

The concepts of news function and mass aspect are generalized to a class of cylindrically symmetric metrics containing both degrees of freedom of the gravitational field. It is proved that the mass/unit length always decreases if there is any cylindrical news. The asymptotic behavior of the Riemann tensor in the cylindrical case is analyzed and a peeling theorem proved for this case. An example is given to show that asymptotic conditions on the metric or the Riemann tensor which are analogous to the conditions used in the asymptotically spherical case do not exclude certain infinite incoming radiation trains in the cylindrical case. Pure incoming and outgoing solutions are defined for the cylindrical case, and their generalization to the asymptotically spherical case is suggested. An exactly conserved quantity is shown to exist which may be the cylindrical analog of the ten exactly conserved quantities recently discovered by Newman and Penrose.
Scattering by a rotating conducting sphere

The scattering of a plane wave by a rotating sphere with finite conductivity is investigated. The problem is solved by means of the "instantaneous rest-frame" hypothesis. It is shown that a surface current must be taken into account to calculate the jump in the tangential magnetic field at the surface of the sphere, even in the case of finite conductivity. The analytical solution shows that the influence of the rotation becomes negligible in the limit of a perfectly conducting sphere.
Notions of local controllability and optimal feedforward control for quantum systems

Local controllability is an essential concept for regulation and control of time-varying nonlinear dynamical systems; in the classical control logic it is at the foundation of neighboring optimal feedback and feedforward control. We introduce notions of local controllability suited to feedforward control of classical input disturbances in bilinear quantum systems evolving on projective spaces and Lie groups. Tests for local controllability based on a Gramian matrix analogous to the nonlinear local controllability Gramian, which allow assessment of which trajectories can be regulated by perturbative feedforward in the presence of classical input noise, are presented. These notions explicitly incorporate system bilinearity and the geometry of quantum states into the definition of local controllability of quantum systems. Associated feedforward strategies are described.
Homogenization Approach Based on Laminates

In this work, a homogenization approach for the modeling of the material behavior of two‐phase composites motivated by modeling a thin‐layer‐type microstructure is presented. The basic idea here is to idealize the thin‐layered microstructure as a first‐order laminate. In particular, a jump in deformation state across the phase interface is modeled constitutively via a rank‐one connection of habit‐plane type. In the material framework, the value for the jump as well as its direction remain as independent constitutive variables. However, in the case of laminates and an ideal plain interface, the direction is given and stays in a first approach constant. We assume that their values are determined by mechanical and configurational equilibrium in the two‐phase composite at the interface. This yields to a set of implicit equations which lead to the corresponding response of the structure. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stimulasi gerak dalam pembelajaran kosakata Bahasa Mandarin

Metode pembelajaran yang tepat menjadi salah satu kunci sukses dalam pembelajaran, metode TPR adalah salatu metode yang menerapkan gerak tubuh manusia yang dapat juga diistilahkan sebagai bahasa tubuh yang sangat cocok untuk pengajaran bahasa, terutama bahasa asing seperti bahasa mandarin yang dianggap sulit untuk dipahami, didalam penelitian ini penulis mempraktekkan metode Total Physical Response (TPR) didalam pengajaran untuk melihat keefektifan terhadap penguasaan perkembangan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan Teknik pengambilan data secara observasi, Pre test dan Post test. Dan hasil yang didapatkan setelah menerapkan metode TPR ini adalah nilai mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan yaitu sebesar 43% dari nilai rata-rata keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode TPR ini sangat cocok untuk digunakan pada pembelajaran bahasa khususnya bahasa mandarin dalam meningkatkan kemampuan dan penguasaan bahasa mandarin sekaligus sebagai motivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa mandarin.
Research on adaptive fuzzy PID control for long time delay systems

An adaptive fuzzy PID controller is proposed to solve the problem that long time delay systems are difficult to be controlled. The controller is obtained by combining the fuzzy controller with PID controller in series, namely the output of the fuzzy controller is as the input of PID, and the control parameters of PID change nonlinearly with the system error's change. Meanwhile, the output scaling gain Ku of the fuzzy controller can be adaptively regulated. Two regulation methods are presented: one is that the linear function between Ku and the system's error is built up based on the system's dynamical characteristics; the other is that Ku is automatically regulated with the fuzzy inference whose two inputs are the comprehensive performance index and its change, the output is the increment of Ku. In the paper, we combine the controlled system with PID controller as an integrated system, and then build up its discrete state space model in the condition that the system's output delays. Based on these, the system's stability is analyzed with Lyapunov Direct Method. Simulation test results show the method provides good control performances to long time delay systems.
Large global solutions for nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations III, energy-supercritical cases

In this work, we mainly focus on the energy-supercritical nonlinear Schrodinger equation, $$ i\partial_{t}u+\Delta u= \mu|u|^p u, \quad (t,x)\in \mathbb{R}^{d+1}, $$ with $\mu=\pm1$ and $p>\frac4{d-2}$. %In this work, we consider the energy-supercritical cases, that is, $p\in (\frac4{d-2},+\infty)$. We prove that for radial initial data with high frequency, if it is outgoing (or incoming) and in rough space $H^{s_1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ $(s_1<s_c)$ or its Fourier transform belongs to $W^{s_2,1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ $(s_2<s_c)$, the corresponding solution is global and scatters forward (or backward) in time. We also construct a class of large global and scattering solutions starting with many bubbles, which are mingled with in the physical space and separate in the frequency space. The analogous results are also valid for the energy-subcritical cases.
Texture Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Steerable Pyramid Transform

at present, texture image recognition mostly is identified by using an intelligent algorithm which is based on the feature extraction method in a variety of ways, such as neural network recognization that is based on the wavelet transform or wavelet packet. Steerable pyramid transform is a multidirectional and multi-scale image representation. In this paper, texture recognition algorithm is based on steerable pyramid transform. This method extracts image features which are identified by support vector machine under different methods and resolution, and improves the accuracy of image recognition. Compared with the existing wavelet transform, wavelet packet, ridgelet in the case of noise, the methods' rate of correct identification is superior to other algorithms.
Geometrical Approaches for the Accurate Identification of Normal Vertical Positions of Sella and Nasion Points in Cephalograms

Objective The aim of the study is to identify the normal vertical positions of sella (S) and nasion (N) points in subjects with a normal inclination of anterior cranial bases. Materials and Methods Lateral cephalograms of 117 subjects who had a normal ∠SN-FH plane (7° ± 1°), ∠SN-palatal plane (9° ± 2°), ∠FH-palatal plane (1° ± 1°), and cranial base angles (131° ± 4°) were included in the study. Various linear and angular parameters and ratios were evaluated to determine the normal vertical positions of S and N points. An unpaired t-test was used to identify any significant differences between males and females. The P value of 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results Among subjects with the normal inclinations of SN, FH, and palatal planes and cranial base angle, the mean values of ∠Ar-S-Ptm, ∠S-Ptm-Ar, and ∠S-Ar-Ptm were 59.38° ± 3.52°, 59.70° ± 3.21°, and 60.84° ± 3.56°, respectively, forming an almost equilateral triangle between S, Ar, and Ptm points. The mean values of ∠Ba-S-PNS, ∠S-PNS-Ba, and ∠S-Ba-PNS were 59.56° ± 3.17°, 59.72° ± 3.47°, and 60.76° ± 3.11°, respectively, forming another approximate equilateral triangle between S, Ba, and PNS points. The mean S-FH to N-FH ratio was 0.67 ± 0.06% for the whole sample, but it was significantly greater in males (0.69 ± 0.07%) compared to females (0.65 ± 0.06%) (P=0.002). Conclusions Two approximate equilateral triangles were formed between S, Ar, and Ptm points; and S, Ba, and PNS points in subjects with normal inclinations of SN, FH, and palatal planes and cranial base angle. The S-FH to N-FH ratio was an excellent guide to locating the normal vertical position of S and N points.
Playability and arbitrarily large rat games

In 1973 Fraenkel discovered interesting sequences which split the positive integers. These sequences became famous, because of a related unsolved conjecture. Here we construct combinatorial games, with `playable' rulesets, with these sequences constituting the winning positions for the second player. Keywords: Combinatorial game, Fraenkel's conjecture, Impartial game, Normal play, Playability, Rational modulus, Splitting sequences
Signal smoothness estimation in hölder spaces

Previous research has shown that wavelet method can be used to estimate the Besov smoothness of a function (signal). This paper describes an algorithm that is based on the magnitudes of the wavelet coefficients and linear regression model to estimate the smoothness of different signals of one and two-dimensional in the Hölder spaces. Computational results show that the Holder smoothness of the general two-dimensional image is between 0.2 and 0.7. We compare our results with those in Besov smoothness spaces and discuss the smoothness relations between these two function spaces.
Conventions and Norms

HE problem of this paper is the discovery of criteria to identify conventions and the description of some of the more general properties of conventions with particular reference to scientific inquiry. Numerous specialized methodological investigations' testify to the importance of conventions in inquiry, but none provide a general account of their operation. This paper aims to provide a necessary, if not sufficient, basis for such an account. The discussion falls into three parts: (I) common senses of the term 'convention', (II) a provisional formulation of conditions under which a certain type of behavior, which we shall call conventional, occurs, as well as a description of its characters, and (III) a brief consideration of one context of inquiry in which it appears.
With electroluminescence microcopy towards more reliable AlGaN/GaN transistors

Long-term stability and reliability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) can be validated by various stress tests which allow studying the physical mechanisms responsible for degradation. As the electroluminescence (EL) intensity is related to the kinetic energy and density of the channel electrons accelerated in the electric field, both local current and electric field changes can result in an increase or decrease of the EL intensity. The electric field distribution in source drain direction peaks at the drain side edge of the gate foot and the field plates. It is strongly dependent on the gate design and the passivation /semiconductor interface trap density. Although the spatial resolution of the electroluminescence microscopy (ELM) set-up is limited to a few microns, the technique allows to monitor submicron changes in the device geometry and hence to identify elevated electric field peaks being responsible for the acceleration of the degradation process. ELM also benefits from the fact that submicron imperfections at the Schottky interface of the gate electrode result in strong local current variations. It has been used to selectively identify suitable positions for further failure analysis of focused ion beam prepared cross sections by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Process induced imperfections as voids at the Schottky interface after stress have been localized.
Statistical stability criteria for turbulent flow

The average properties of many turbulent flows are remarkably reproducible, yet the detailed flows are never the same. Here necessary conditions are found for the stability of a statistically steady state with ideal reproducibility. The examples explored in this paper are the symmetry breaking large scale flows observed in high Rayleigh number Boussinesq convection. A necessary condition found is that an integral function of convective and advective local averages must be a maximum, selecting among the possible solutions. Although these many solutions may not be determined in this century, an estimate from above of this maximum can be sought among the class of vector fields compatible with derived integral constraints and the boundary conditions. The condition for statistical stability found here permits a first determination of a unique relation between the large scale mean flows and the heat flux without the introduction of empirical parameters. It is found that statistical stability at large Rayleigh n.
Presentation of Lung Carcinoid Tumor as Post-obstructive Pneumonia

Carcinoid tumors consist of neuroendocrine cells that produce amines, polypeptides, and prostaglandins. The majority of carcinoid tumors are found in the gastrointestinal system while a minority originate as pulmonary neoplasms. Among lung cancers, carcinoid tumors are rare, compromising 1-2% of lung malignancies in the United States. Lung carcinoid tumors are characterized into typical and atypical classifications. Typical lung carcinoid tumors are often lower grade, slower growing, and more well-defined than atypical tumors. Atypical tumors are also more likely to metastasize than their typical counterparts. The patient presented in this article is a 35-year-old male with a history of recent hospital admission for pneumonia who presented with right chest pain. The patient was admitted eight days prior due to cough and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to post-obstructive pneumonia. During that admission, which totaled five days, he underwent a bronchoscopy and biopsy for a nodular right infrahilar opaque mass that appeared on computed tomography angiography of the chest. After the workup was negative, the patient was discharged. Three days later, he was re-admitted with continued chest pain. Biopsy results from the initial admission characterized the obstructing infrahilar mass as a carcinoid tumor with positive synaptophysin/ chromogranin stain and low proliferation (Mib1 < 2%). Following his discharge three days later, he was seen in follow-up by cardiothoracic surgery and underwent further imaging studies. Two months later, the patient underwent robotic right middle and lower bilobectomy. Pathologic analysis showed negative excised nodes and tumor margins. Often, patients presenting with post-obstructive pneumonia are thought to have an underlying etiology that is purely infectious. This can lead to a delay in the discovery of the primary cause of the obstruction, and the underlying malignancy. Fortunately for this case, a biopsy was performed during the initial hospitalization, which led to a modification of his treatment plan early on in his second hospital stay after the tumor was characterized.
Flame failure detection and modern boilers

The safe operation of fossil-fuel-fired boilers is dependent to a large extent on the stability of the combustion process. Flame instability can be both inefficient and pollutant forming. but in extreme cases flame extinction can occur. Unless immediate action is taken in such circumstances, large quantities of unburnt fuel can be admitted to the combustion chamber and subsequently re-ignite explosively with serious consequences to both personnel and equipment. To eliminate such potentially dangerous situations. a need has been identified for reliable monitors capable of rapidly detecting the loss of flame. This review shows how advances in combustion systems have necessitated the continuing development of improved methods of flame failure detection to maintain acceptable performance characteristics.
Development of graphene oxide hybridized high-performance elastomeric nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermomechanical properties

The use of graphene sheets as a reinforcing agent in polymeric nanocomposites is increasing owing to their exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is used as the reinforcing material in natural rubber (NR)/GO elastomeric nanocomposites to enhance the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites. NR/GO composites of different compositions were prepared through consecutive melt-mixing and two-roll mixing processes. Mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermal stability studies of the prepared composites were carried out in accordance with ASTM standards. The incorporation of only 5 wt. % GO in the NR elastomer led to a 72–76% improvement in the tensile strength of the NR/GO composites. Simultaneously, the viscoelastic properties, namely storage modulus ( ), loss modulus ( ), and glass transition temperature ( ) of the composites improved, and thermal decomposition of the composites decreased because of excellent interaction between the polymeric networks of the elastomers and the GO sheets.
Interior-proximal primal-dual methods

We study preconditioned proximal point methods for a class of saddle point problems, where the preconditioner decouples the overall proximal point method into an alternating primal--dual method. This is akin to the Chambolle--Pock method or the ADMM. In our work, we replace the squared distance in the dual step by a barrier function on a symmetric cone, while using a standard (Euclidean) proximal step for the primal variable. We show that under non-degeneracy and simple linear constraints, such a hybrid primal--dual algorithm can achieve linear convergence on originally strongly convex problems involving the second-order cone in their saddle point form. On general symmetric cones, we are only able to show an $O(1/N)$ rate. These results are based on estimates of strong convexity of the barrier function, extended with a penalty to the boundary of the symmetric cone.
Dual-Resolution Local Attention Unfolding Network for Optical Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution

Single-image super-resolution (SR) technology based on deep learning is widely applied in remote sensing. In recent years, the deep unfolding SR strategy has been proposed, which combines the neural networks with the traditional optimization-based algorithms, making the neural networks interpretable and achieving high performance. However, the typical deep unfolding algorithms usually treat different kinds of blurring kernels in the same way, so the algorithms cannot take advantage of the properties of blurring kernels, limiting the algorithm’s performance. To design an SR network that can fully use the properties of the Gaussian blurring kernels, a dual-resolution local attention unfolding network (DLANet) is proposed. Based on the Gaussian blurring functions, a low-resolution (LR) space branch is designed to supplement the high-resolution (HR) space branch. Specifically, for the Gaussian blurring kernels, the closer the pixel is to the center, the greater the weight is. It means that the pixel points retained after downsampling will contain more information about the original corresponding pixel points, and it could be easier to estimate their original pixel values. So we design two branches. The HR branch completes the estimation of the whole image, and the LR branch only estimates the points retained after downsampling. To better complete the feature fusion of the two branches, we propose a row–column decoupling local attention module. This module can retain more information when fuse features and the row–column decoupling strategy can reduce the computational complexity. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over the current state-of-the-art on remote sensing datasets.
Local pressure-transport structure in a convective atmospheric boundary layer

Local pressure-transport structure in a convective atmospheric boundary layer is studied through large-eddy simulation and a conditional sampling technique. Two cases are simulated: A free-convection boundary layer and a sheared convective boundary layer with −zi/L≈17, where zi is the boundary layer height and L is the Monin–Obukhov length. Results show that pressure-transport flux tends to increase turbulent kinetic energy in the lower part of the sheared convective boundary layer. Furthermore, the root-mean-square resolved pressure fluctuation and the resolved negative pressure fluctuation due to −u1,2ru2,1r become much stronger in the sheared case. Flow visualization demonstrates that strong pressure transport is physically correlated with vortical structure embedded within large-scale updrafts. A conditional sampling technique is applied to study statistical characteristics of resolved fields surrounding strong pressure transport events. The conditional field reveals a boundary-layer-scale roll circul.
ILU PRECONDITIONING BASED ON THE FAPINV ALGORITHM

A technique for computing an ILU preconditioner based on the factored approximate inverse (FAPINV) algorithm is presented. We show that this algorithm is well-defined for H-matrices. Moreover, when used in conjunction with Krylov-subspace-based iterative solvers such as the GMRES algorithm, results in reliable solvers. Numerical experiments on some test matrices are given to show the efficiency of the new ILU preconditioner.
The Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence on Turbulent Boundary Layers

Mesures d'ecoulement moyen et de quantites turbulentes dans une couche limite turbulente bidimensionnelle incompressible a pression constante a proximite d'un courant turbulent quasi homogene et quasi isotrope. On confirme l'existence d'une relation nettement non lineaire entre le coefficient de frottement superficiel et autres parametres de couche limite et l'intensite quadratique moyenne de la turbulence
Manifolds Which Admit Maps with Finitely Many Critical Points Into Spheres of Small Dimensions

The braided Thompson group $\mathcal B$ is an asymptotic mapping class group of a sphere punctured along the standard Cantor set, endowed with a rigid structure. Inspired from the case of finite type surfaces we consider a Hatcher-Thurston cell complex whose vertices are asymptotically trivial pants decompositions. We prove that the automorphism group $\hat{\mathcal B^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ of this complex is also an asymptotic mapping class group in a weaker sense. Moreover $\hat{\mathcal B^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ is obtained by $\mathcal B$ by first adding new elements called half-twists and further completing it.