Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature CMOS Monolithic Resonant Triple-Band Terahertz Thermal Detector

Multiband terahertz (THz) detectors show great application potential in imaging, spectroscopy, and sensing fields. Thermal detectors have become a promising choice because they could sense THz radiations on the whole spectrum. This paper demonstrates the operation principle, module designs with in-depth theoretical analysis, and experimental validation of a room-temperature CMOS monolithic resonant triple-band THz thermal detector. The detector, which consists of a compact triple-band octagonal ring antenna and a sensitive proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensor, has virtues of room-temperature operation, low cost, easy integration, and mass production. Good experimental results are obtained at 0.91 THz, 2.58 THz, and 4.2 THz with maximum responsivities of 32.6 V/W, 43.2 V/W, and 40 V/W, respectively, as well as NEPs of 1.28 μW/Hz0.5, 2.19 μW/Hz0.5, and 2.37 μW/Hz0.5, respectively, providing great potential for multiband THz sensing and imaging systems.
On-chip polarization handling for silicon photonics

Many communications technologies, such as optical interconnects, require ultra-high data-transmission capacity. Silicon photonics has become very popular for these applications because of the potential to combine high performance with low-cost fabrication.1–5 Besides silicon photonics, polarizationmultiplexing is another attractive, low-cost, and simple way to increase transmission capacity that can be applied to many technologies. For example, on-chip polarization handling plays a key role in coherent optical communication. Furthermore, polarization-diversity technology can enable nanosized polarization-transparent silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs),6, 7 and is essential for realizing integrated photonic quantum circuits.8 In order to satisfy increasing demand for high data transmission capacity, we have been working to develop ultrasmall silicon components with polarization diversity by utilizing the large birefringence ( 10 1/ of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires. The design of these components is simple and a wide array of devices can be fabricated easily, including a polarization beam splitter (PBS), polarization rotator (PR) and polarization splitter-rotator. Our PBSs are based on an asymmetrical coupling system that consists of an SOI-nanowire and a nanoslot waveguide: see Figure 1(a) and (b). 9 The S-bend section for the waveguide also acts as a mode converter between the input/output SOInanowire and the waveguide, keeping the PBS compact. In the coupling region, these two waveguides are designed to satisfy the phase-matching condition for transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized light so that it is completely coupled to the cross port when an appropriate length is chosen for the the coupling. The phase matching condition is not satisfied for transverse-electric (TE) polarized light and consequently it goes through the SOInanowire with little coupling: see Figure 1(c) and (d). Figure 1. (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on an asymmetrical coupler. (b) The cross section of the waveguides in the coupling region, with device dimensions: widths wco D 0:4 m, wSi D 0:26 m, wslot D 60nm, and wg D 100nm, and height hco D 250nm. (c) Transversemagnetic (TM) and (d) transverse-electric (TE) polarized light propagation in the PBS, where the device length and width follow the z-axis and x-axis, respectively. Ltot: Total length of the coupler. Lc: Length of the coupling region. Si: Silicon. SiO2: Silicon dioxide.
Citizenship activity in emerging adults: the role of self-esteem, social skills, and well-being

BACKGROUND The paper considers the broad model of citizenship activity by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz, including the passive (national identity and patriotism), semi-active (loyalty and voting), and active (social, political, change-oriented, and personal activity) forms of citizenship among emerging adults who already have civil rights. The study examines the profile of citizenship activity and psychological factors – personality constructs (self-esteem and social skills in intimate, social exposure, and demanding assertiveness situations) and personal experiences (emotional, social, and psychological well-being) – as correlates and predictors of civic behaviour dimensions. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A set of questionnaires (Multidimensional Self-esteem Inventory, Social Skills Inventory, Mental Health Continuum – Short Form, and Citizenship Behaviour Questionnaire-30 – general version) were completed by 140 Polish emerging adults (50% women) aged 19 to 25. RESULTS Results of Student’s t-tests showed that emerging adults (like adolescents) manifested the highest level of personal activity, lower level of passive and then semi-active citizenship, even less involvement in socio-political activities, and the lowest in political activity. Particular dimensions of civic behaviours were positively but differently correlated with personality constructs and well-being – only personal activity was associated with all psychological factors. They were also differently predicted by the set of psychological variables (regression analyses), but self-esteem, social exposure skills, and social well-being were particularly important predictors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that policies promoting the citizenship activity of emerging adults need to recognise, support, and strengthen these psychological variables, as they can be modified by deliberate influences and interventions that may be the subject of further research.
Perioperative and long-term survival outcomes of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for BCLC stage A large hepatocellular carcinoma patients in difficult segments: A two-centre, propensity score matching analysis

Background The differences in short- and long-term outcome between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for BCLC stage A large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in difficult segments (I, IVa, VII, VIII) remain unclear. This PSM two-centre study aimed to compare perioperative and long-term survival outcomes of LLR with OLR for this HCC. Methods HCC patients with BCLC stage A who underwent OLR or LLR in two medical centres were enrolled in the study. PSM analysis was performed to match patients between the LLR cohort and OLR cohort. Survival was analysed based on the Kaplan–Meier method. Independent risk factors were identified by Cox regression. Results After PSM, 35 patients remained in the LLR cohort, and 84 remained in the OLR cohort. Patients in the LLR cohort had more intraoperative blood loss (p=0.036) and shorter hospital stays after surgery (p<0.001). The LLR cohort and OLR cohort had no difference in intraoperative blood transfusion, surgical margin or postoperative short-term outcomes. The OS and RFS were not significantly different between the two cohorts. The OS and RFS of these two cohorts were not different in the subgroup analysis. Surgical margin was identified as an independent risk factor for tumour recurrence. Conclusion For BCLC stage A large HCC patients with lesions in difficult segments, LLR was feasible and had shorter hospital stay than OLR. In addition, a surgical margin ≥1 cm could significantly decrease the recurrence probability for large HCC located in different segments without compromising short-term outcomes.
Sulfate, nitrate and chloride in PM10 in the city of San José, Costa Rica: 2004-2006

The analysis of PM10 levels in two sites of the city of San Jose (Catedral Metropolitana and Junta de Educacion), in a period of 2.5 years (April 2004-October 2006), reported a median of 39 ± 8 and 27 ± 8 µg m -3 , respectively. In addition, SO4 2- , NO3 - and Cl - levels were measured in both areas, where annual averages resulted not significantly different between each other. The analysis of main components, applied to the collected data, reveals a 65% of total variance explained by two factors. The PC1 correlates Cl - concentration and wind speed, indicating a marine contribution to this ion. The PC2 shows a relation between SO4 2- , NO3 - and PM10 levels, demonstrating its anthropogenic origin.
Nasal Bacteriomes of Patients with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Show Unique Composition, Structure, Function and Interactions

Allergic rhinitis and asthma are major public health concerns and economic burdens worldwide. However, little is known about nasal bacteriome dysbiosis during allergic rhinitis, alone or associated with asthma comorbidity. To address this knowledge gap we applied 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to 347 nasal samples from participants with asthma (AS = 12), allergic rhinitis (AR = 53), allergic rhinitis with asthma (ARAS = 183) and healthy controls (CT = 99). One to three of the most abundant phyla, and five to seven of the dominant genera differed significantly (p < 0.021) between AS, AR or ARAS and CT groups. All alpha-diversity indices of microbial richness and evenness changed significantly (p < 0.01) between AR or ARAS and CT, while all beta-diversity indices of microbial structure differed significantly (p < 0.011) between each of the respiratory disease groups and controls. Bacteriomes of rhinitic and healthy participants showed 72 differentially expressed (p < 0.05) metabolic pathways each related mainly to degradation and biosynthesis processes. A network analysis of the AR and ARAS bacteriomes depicted more complex webs of interactions among their members than among those of healthy controls. This study demonstrates that the nose harbors distinct bacteriotas during health and respiratory disease and identifies potential taxonomic and functional biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics in asthma and rhinitis.
A 53‐year‐old female with suprasellar mass

temozolomide are the primary treatment options when complete surgical resection is risky. Some studies on targeted drugs and cellular immunotherapy, such as Imipridone ONC201 and the IDO1 inhibitor Indoxi-mod are in the early phases of clinical activity. In addition, the use of immunotherapy is being trialed as an option. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and immune-modulating antibodies are also under research. Our patient, despite surgical resection followed by con-current chemoradiotherapy, experienced rapid regrowth of the tumor, which lead to her demise 6 months after surgery.
Power Allocation Constraint and Error Rate Analysis for Multi-User PD-NOMA System Employing M–Ary PSK

This letter determines the power allocation constraint (PAC) for a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-user power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) system, where each user employs an identical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M-$ </tex-math></inline-formula>ary phase-shift keying modulation scheme. The angular periphery method is used to derive the PAC that determines the range of the power allocation factor to ensure reliable error performance. Further, analytical expressions for the bit error rate (BER), average BER, and diversity order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K-$ </tex-math></inline-formula>user PD-NOMA are derived under Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading channel with the help of order statistics for a generalized value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Numerical results demonstrate the importance of the proposed PAC and display the appropriate water-falling nature of error rate curves when following the PAC. Moreover, the analysis also gives insight about the optimal value of the power allocation factor to minimize error performance.
The Mass Accretion Rates of Intermediate-Mass T Tauri Stars

We present Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectra and supporting ground-based data for a sample of nine intermediate-mass T Tauri stars (IMTTSs; 1.5–4 M⊙). The targets belong to three star-forming regions: T Tau, SU Aur, and RY Tau in the Taurus clouds; EZ Ori, P2441, and V1044 Ori in the Ori OB1c association surrounding the Orion Nebula cluster; and CO Ori, GW Ori, and GX Ori in the ring around λ Ori. The supporting ground-based observations include nearly simultaneous UBV(R I)C photometry, 6 Å resolution spectra covering the range 3900–7000 Å, optical echelle observations in the range 5800–8600 Å, and K-band near-infrared spectra. We use these data to determine improved spectral types and reddening corrections and to obtain physical parameters of the targets. We find that an extinction law with a weak 2175 Å feature but high values of AUV/AV is required to explain the simultaneous optical-UV data; the reddening laws for two B-type stars located behind the Taurus clouds, HD 29647 and HD 283809, meet these properties. We argue that reddening laws with these characteristics may well be representative of cold, dense molecular clouds. Spectral energy distributions and emission-line profiles of the IMTTSs are consistent with expectations from magnetospheric accretion models. We compare our simultaneous optical-UV data with predictions from accretion shock models to get accretion luminosities and mass accretion rates () for the targets. We find that the average mass accretion rate for IMTTSs is ∼3 × 10-8 M⊙ yr-1, a factor of ∼5 higher than that for their low-mass counterparts. The new data extend the correlation between and stellar mass to the intermediate-mass range. Since the IMTTSs are evolutionary descendants of the Herbig Ae/Be stars, our results put limits to the mass accretion rates of their disks. We present luminosities of the UV lines of highly ionized metals and show that they are well above the saturation limit for magnetically active cool stars but correlate strongly with accretion luminosity, indicating that they are powered by accretion, in agreement with previous claims but using a sample in which reddening and accretion luminosities have been determined self-consistently. Finally, we find that the relation between accretion luminosity and Brγ luminosity found for low-mass T Tauri stars extends to the intermediate-mass regime.
Effects of Harvest Time on the Fruit Quality of Kinnow and Feutrell’s Early Mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

The intrinsic and extrinsic traits of citrus fruits change throughout their developmental process, and, therefore, to ensure the highest quality, fruit must be harvested at an appropriate stage of maturity. In a 2-year study, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivars (Kinnow and Feutrell’s Early) grafted on rough lemon (C. jambheri Lush) rootstock were selected to analyze the effect of harvest time on their physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential in two consecutive growing seasons in the Multan region of South Pakistan, which has a subtropical climate. Fruits were harvested from commercial citrus groves at intervals of one month (from September to February). The results showed that different maturity stages/harvesting dates have a significant effect on the fruit quality and yield characteristics of mandarin cultivars. An increase in fruit weight, juice content, total soluble solids, ripening index, juice pH, and total sugar content was observed with the advancement of fruit maturity, while juice acidity, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and vitamin C content had a decreasing trend towards fruit maturity. Overall, both cultivars showed similar profiles to the change in fruit quality traits during growth and development, but their amounts showed great variation. Based on the comprehensive consideration, Kinnow attained the maximum fruit quality and yield values from mid-January to February, whilst Feutrell’s Early attained the maximum values of these parameters from mid-December to mid-January, attributing to higher consumer acceptability. This study demonstrated that harvest time plays a key role in controlling the fruit quality and yield of mandarin cultivars. In practice, harvest time should be highly considered for the fresh and processed citrus market and industry.
Digital Technologies Applied to Control the One-Step Process of Cannabis Olive Oil Preparations

The reproducibility of an extemporaneous preparation is an essential condition for guaranteeing the quality, efficacy, and safety of the medicinal product. This study aimed to develop a controlled one-step process for cannabis olive oil preparations by applying digital technologies. For this purpose, the chemical profile of cannabinoid contents in oil extracts of Bedrocan, FM2, and Pedanios varieties obtained with the already in use method, proposed by the Italian Society of Compounding Pharmacists (SIFAP), was compared with two new methods, specifically the Tolotto Gear® extraction method (TGE) and the Tolotto Gear® extraction method preceded by a pre-extraction procedure (TGE-PE). HPLC analyses showed that the concentration of THC using cannabis flos with a high THC content (over 20% w/w) was always higher than 21 mg/mL for the Bedrocan variety and close to 20 mg/mL for the Pedanios variety when applying TGE, while with TGE-PE, the THC concentration was higher than 23 mg/mL for the Bedrocan variety. For the FM2 variety, the amounts of THC and CBD in the oil formulations obtained using TGE were higher than 7 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and for TGE-PE, the concentrations of THC and CBD were higher than 7 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL, respectively. GC-MS analyses were performed to define the terpene contents in the oil extracts. The samples of Bedrocan flos extracted with TGE-PE displayed a distinctive profile, highly rich in terpenes and devoid of oxidized volatile products. Thus, TGE and TGE-PE allowed performing a quantitative extraction of cannabinoids and increasing the total mono-di-tri terpenes and sesquiterpene concentrations. The methods were repeatable and applicable to any quantity of raw material, preserving the phytocomplex of the plant.
Tunable quantum temperature oscillations in graphene nanostructures

We investigate the local electron temperature distribution in graphene nanoribbon (GNR) and graphene junctions subject to an applied thermal gradient. Using a realistic model of a scanning thermal microscope, we predict quantum temperature oscillations whose wavelength is related to that of Friedel oscillations. Experimentally, this wavelength can be tuned over several orders of magnitude by gating/doping, bringing quantum temperature oscillations within reach of the spatial resolution of existing measurement techniques.
On Orchestration of Segment Routing and In-Band Network Telemetry

With the rapid development of programmable data plane (PDP), both segment routing (SR) and in-band network telemetry (INT) have attracted intensive interests. Hence, we have previously proposed the technique of SR-INT, which explores the benefits of SR and INT simultaneously and gets rid of the hassle of the accumulated overheads of them. In this work, we further expand the advantage of SR-INT by studying how to plan the SR-INT schemes of flows at the network level to balance the tradeoff between bandwidth usage and coverage of network monitoring, namely, the problem of “SR-INT orchestration”. A mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) is first formulated for the problem, and we prove its NP-hardness. Then, to reduce the time complexity of problem-solving, we propose a novel greedy algorithm based on path ranking and a column generation (CG) based approximation algorithm. Extensive simulations verify the performance of our proposed algorithms.
Accretion disks and periodic outbursts of active galactic nuclei

The local thermal stability of accretion disks around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei is examined. Such disks are unstable at radii where the surface temperature is several thousand degrees. Supermassive disks therefore should undergo limit-cycle outbursts similar to those believed to occur in dwarf novae. Operating on a time scale of about 10,000 to 10 million yr and at radii of about 10 to the 15th to 10 to the 16th cm, this mechanism will result in alternating periods of higher and lower accretion rate onto the black hole and, consequently, higher and lower luminosity. Quasi-periodic outbursts on this time scale may be recorded in the structure of extended radio sources, a possible example being 4C 29.47. For accretion rates greater than 0.1 solar masses/yr, the situation is complicated by instabilities caused by self-gravitation and by the dominance of radiation pressure and electron scattering opacity. 30 references.
Predicting Later Spelling from Kindergarten Spelling in U.S., Australian, and Swedish Children

ABSTRACT Purpose Using data from 1,868 children from the US, Australia, and Sweden who took a 10-word spelling test in kindergarten and a standardized spelling test in Grades 1, 2, and (except for the Australian children) Grade 4, we examined two questions. First, does the quality of a child’s errors on the kindergarten test help predict later spelling performance even after controlling for the number of correct responses on the kindergarten test? Second, does spelling develop at a faster pace in Swedish than in English? Method We measured kindergarten error quality based on the number of letter additions, deletions, and substitutions by which each error differed from the correct spelling. Using mixed-model analyses, we examined the relationship of this and other variables to later spelling performance. Results Kindergarten error quality contributed significantly to the prediction of later spelling performance even after consideration of the number of correct spellings in kindergarten and other relevant variables. The Swedish children showed more rapid growth in spelling than the U.S. and Australian children, a difference that may reflect the greater transparency of sound-to-spelling links in Swedish. Conclusion Information from a spelling test that is typically discarded – information about the nature of the errors –has value.
A variational method for water wave radiation and diffraction problems

It is shown that the linear and nonlinear exciting force coefficients, the added mass and radiation damping matrices, and the far-field wave amplitude (reflection and transmission coefficients in the two-dimensional case) can all be written as stationary values of well-defined functionals. As a consequence these quantities can be accurately determined with relatively crude approximations for the diffraction and radiation potentials. Numerical experiments confirm this feature: by inverting a 4 × 4 real symmetric matrix the results obtained by Vugts (1968), who computed the added mass and radiation damping matrices for several different geometries, were recovered over the whole range of frequencies.
Hail in an Axisymmetric Cloud Model

Abstract Hail development was studied in a two-dimensional, time-dependent, axisymmetric cloud model with detailed microphysics. A strong relationship between the dynamics and the microphysics of the model appears to govern hail formation through three different stages. When the cloud is developing, ice crystals which are nucleated on ice nuclei near the cloud top are carried down along the cloud boundary by downdrafts and are reintroduced into the major updraft region by inflow near the cloud base. When riming of relatively large recycled ice crystals occurs, graupel is formed. The graupel falls along the cloud boundary and the downdraft is intensified. Below the melting level, graupel pellets melt and large drops break up. The resulting small drops are carried into major updraft areas and grow larger by collection processes. When the updraft in the cloud becomes weaker, because of the accumulation of precipitation elements and the propagation of downward momentum from cloud boundary to cloud center, gra.