Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neodymium isotopic composition and rare earth element concentrations in the deep and intermediate Nordic Seas: Constraints on the Iceland Scotland Overflow Water signature

Neodymium isotopic composition and rare earth element concentrations were measured in seawater samples from eleven stations in the Nordic Seas. These data allow us to study how the Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) acquires its neodymium signature in the modern ocean. The waters overflowing the Faroe Shetland channel are characterized by ɛNd = −8.2 ± 0.6, in good agreement with the only other data point, published 19 years ago. In the Greenland and Iceland Seas the water masses leading to the formation of the ISOW display lower neodymium isotopic composition, with ɛNd around −11 and −9, respectively. Since no water masses in the Nordic Seas are characterized by ɛNd > −8, the radiogenic signature of the ISOW likely reflects inputs from the highly radiogenic Norwegian Basin basaltic margins (Jan‐Mayen, Iceland, Faroe, with ɛNd ≈ +7). In addition to the neodymium isotopic composition, the rare earth element patterns suggest that these inputs occur via the remobilization (which includes resuspension and dissolution) of sediments deposited on the margins. Whereas the neodymium isotopic composition behaves conservatively in the oceans in the absence of lithogenic inputs, and can be used as a water mass tracer, these results emphasize the role of interactions, between sediments deposited on margins and seawater, in the acquisition of the neodymium isotopic composition of water masses. These results should allow a better use of this parameter to trace the present and the past circulation in the North Atlantic.
The meaning of mean F : clarifying the mean extent of melting at ocean ridges

In a recent paper, Forsyth (1993) concludes that fractional melting leads to unexpected relationships between the degree of melting (F), crustal thickness, and the depth of melting beneath mid-ocean ridges. Specifically, he suggests that a commonly cited rule of thumb, that 10% mean melting of a 60-km column of mantle leads to 6 km of crustal thickness (Klein et al., 1991; Langmuir et al., 1992), is incorrect for fractional melting of the mantle. Here we show that the rule of thumb remains valid for Langmuir et al.'s definition of mean F and that confusion has arisen because there has been disagreement on the definition of mean F. Plank and Langmuir (1992) have defined mean F as the ratio of the mass flux of melt added to the oceanic crust to the mass flux of mantle entering the melting region; Forsyth (1993) has defined mean F as the average degree of melting of all pooled melt increments, with degree calculated at the last point of chemical equilibration. We show here that both definitions of mean F are valid conceptually and mathematically, clarify the differences between them, show how they relate differently to observables such as crustal thickness and crustal composition, and propose nomenclature to clarify usage in the future (FB for Plank and Langmuir's bulk melt fraction and Fv for Forsyth's mean value).
Trajectoires d'emploi identifiées à l'aide de cartes auto-organisées classifiantes. Etude réalisée avec le Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1993-2003

Nous etudions les situations de chefs de famille americains vis-a-vis de l'emploi. Nous proposons pour cela une methode de classification et de visualisation de donnees de grande dimension basee sur l'algorithme de Kohonen permettant l'apprentissage des cartes auto-organisatrices. Cette methode que nous nommerons cartes auto-organisee classifiante nous permet d'etudier la segmentation du marche du travail americain en classes aux caracteristiques differentes et d'etudier la dynamique des trajectoires professionnelles des foyers appartenant au panel parmi ces classes.
Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain: an international comparison

Background: The enormous socioeconomic burden of low back pain emphasises the need for effective management of this problem, especially in an occupational context. To address this, occupational guidelines have been issued in various countries. Aims: To compare available international guidelines dealing with the management of low back pain in an occupational health care setting. Methods: The guidelines were compared regarding generally accepted quality criteria using the AGREE instrument, and also summarised regarding the guideline committee, the presentation, the target group, and assessment and management recommendations (that is, advice, return to work strategy, and treatment). Results and Conclusions: The results show that the quality criteria were variously met by the guidelines. Common flaws concerned the absence of proper external reviewing in the development process, lack of attention to organisational barriers and cost implications, and lack of information on the extent to which editors and developers were independent. There was general agreement on numerous issues fundamental to occupational health management of back pain. The assessment recommendations consisted of diagnostic triage, screening for “red flags” and neurological problems, and the identification of potential psychosocial and workplace barriers for recovery. The guidelines also agreed on advice that low back pain is a self limiting condition and, importantly, that remaining at work or an early (gradual) return to work, if necessary with modified duties, should be encouraged and supported.
Interannual changes in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991 and 2004

Year‐round moorings (1990 to 2004) illustrate interannual variability of Bering Strait volume, freshwater and heat fluxes, which affect Arctic systems including sea‐ice. Fluxes are lowest in 2001 and increase to 2004. Whilst 2004 freshwater and volume fluxes match previous maxima (1998), the 2004 heat flux is the highest recorded, partly due to ∼0.5°C warmer temperatures since 2002. The Alaskan Coastal Current, contributing about 1/3rd of the heat and of the freshwater fluxes, also shows strong warming and freshening between 2002 and 2004. The increased Bering Strait heat input between 2001 and 2004 (>2×1020 J) could melt 640,000 km2 of 1 m thick ice; the 3‐year freshwater increase (∼800 km3) is about of annual Arctic river run‐off. Weaker southward winds likely explain the increased volume flux (∼0.7 to ∼1 Sv), causing ∼80% of the freshwater and ∼50% of the heat flux increases.
FD-GAN: Face De-Morphing Generative Adversarial Network for Restoring Accomplice’s Facial Image

Face morphing attack is proved to be a serious threat to the existing face recognition systems. Although a few face morphing detection methods have been put forward, the face morphing accomplice’s facial restoration remains a challenging problem. In this paper, a face de-morphing generative adversarial network (FD-GAN) is proposed to restore the accomplice’s facial image. It utilizes the symmetric dual network architecture and two levels of restoration losses to separate the identity feature of the morphing accomplice. By exploiting the captured facial image (containing the criminal’s identity) from the face recognition system and the morphed image stored in the e-passport system (containing both criminal and accomplice’s identities), the FD-GAN can effectively restore the accomplice’s facial image. The experimental results and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. It has great potential to be applied for tracing the identity of face morphing attack’s accomplice in criminal investigation and judicial forensics.
Urban shakemap methodology for Bucharest

We develop a methodology for a shakemap for the Romanian capital Bucharest that can be rapidly computed and delivered to the public, once real‐time data access is available to a sufficient extent. The methodology, with which the Californian shakemaps are generated, cannot be transferred to Bucharest, due to a missing understanding of the relationship between the geological near‐surface structure and the ground motion amplification. However, a systematic incorporation of previous seismological observations using Fourier Amplitude Spectra of weak and strong ground motion and a recent urban broadband experiment in Bucharest allows us to interpolate computed seismic intensities from 11 sites, where accelerometers measure the actual motion of a specific earthquake to 31 additional locations in the city, so that a reasonably reliable distribution of ground motion in the city can be determined. We demonstrate this methodology using the MW = 6.0 intermediate‐depth earthquake of October 27, 2004.
Estimating Vertical Motion Profile Shape within Tropical Weather States over the Oceans

AbstractThe vertical structure of tropical deep convection strongly influences interactions with larger-scale circulations and climate. This paper focuses on investigating this vertical structure and its relationship with mesoscale tropical weather states. The authors test the hypothesis that latent heating plus turbulent flux convergence varies (in space and time) in association with weather state type.The authors estimate mean-state vertical motion profile shape and latent heating plus turbulent flux convergence for six weather states defined using cloud-top pressure and optical depth properties from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) dataset. Assuming two modes of vertical motion profile variability, these modes are statistically extracted from reanalysis data using a principal component analysis. Using these modes and the relationship between vertical motion, the dry static energy budget, and mass continuity, the authors estimate vertical motion profile shape. In these estim.
Visitors' satisfaction and perception of crowding in a German National Park: a case study on the island of Hallig Hooge

The number of visitors choosing to visit the many national parks scattered around Germany is constantly on the increase, yet to date there have only been a few research undertakings into the social effects of tourism and outdoor recreation on these areas. With this in mind, we set out to investigate and identify the social effects of visitor crowding, as well as visitors’ expectations and satisfaction in one such national park; the Biosphere Reserve of the “Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer” on the island of Hallig Hooge. We feel that the findings of our study could be used by the local tourist management board as a guide for the implementation of future tourist management plans for the area. In the survey, we identified and interviewed two different types of dayvisitors, namely guided and independent visitors. As well as these groups, overnight visitors constitute an ever increasing percentage of those visiting the reserve. Tourism is the main source of income for the local economy and consequently there are many different businesses catering for both visitor groups, each with their own economic objective. A visual approach was used to identify the factors which influence the levels of crowding as perceived by tourists to the area. Each person surveyed was asked to evaluate the acceptability of a number of use levels as depicted in five computer-edited photographs. The results show that nearly 20% of the visitors reported some degree of crowding. So the majority of those interviewed found the level of tourist activity to be acceptable. The most sensitive visitor group were the non-guided dayvisitors, whereas guided visitors were much more tolerant of crowding. Otherweise perceptions of crowding seem to have had just only a slight impact on visitor satis faction. As tourism is the main source of income for the local economy, our findings could be relevant for local businesses and for future tourist management planning in the area.
Influence of Indian Ocean subtropical dipole on spring rainfall over China

This study investigates the influence of the South Indian Ocean subtropical dipole (IOSD) on spring (March‐April‐May; MAM) rainfall over central‐eastern China (CEC) and its dynamic processes by using station observations of China, Met Office Hadley Centre SST data for the period 1951–2012 and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data for the period 1958–2012. It is found that the IOSD event which peaks in the boreal winter can persist to the following spring, with strength slightly weakening. Boreal spring rainfall over CEC, i.e. the middle‐lower reaches of Yangtze River, the Yellow River valley as well as regions between them, has a significant correlation with the IOSD event. When the positive (negative) IOSD event occurs in the previous winter, the CEC is dry (wet) in the spring. One of possible mechanisms that the IOSD affects the China spring rainfall is the modulation of the meridional circulation, especially the Hadley cell in the tropic along 100–120°E. In the positive IOSD years, associated with the cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and warm SSTA in the southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO) and southwestern Indian Ocean, there is anomalous ascent over the equatorial Indian Ocean, whereas downward flows over the SEIO and CEC. The Hadley cell over this region intensifies. Anomalous northerly wind at 850 hPa prevails, preventing wet and warm air flow from the low latitudes, which in turn transports less moisture into CEC and favours decreased rainfall. Meanwhile, the CEC is located at the sinking region of the Hadley cell. The atmosphere is fed by low moisture content over this area, also unfavourable for the occurrence of precipitation. This paper suggests that the SSTA in the southern Indian Ocean can be a good predictor for the China spring precipitation and proposes a possible mechanism for the connection of the mid‐latitude climate variations of both hemispheres induced by air–sea interaction.
Aquaculture and Water Resource Management

Preface 1. Aquaculture and World Aquatic Resources 2. A Systems Approach to Aquaculture and Environmental Management 3. Waste Production from Aquaculture 4. Environmental Impacts of Nutrients from Aquaculture: Towards the Evolution of Sustainable Aquaculture Systems 5. The Effects of Species Interactions Resulting from Aquaculture Operations 6. Environmental Consideration in the Use of Antibacterial Drugs in Aquaculture 7. Reductions in Wastes from Aquaculture 8. The Legal Regime Governing Aquaculture
Contribution of agricultural liming to riverine bicarbonate export and CO2 sequestration in the Ohio River basin

Chemical weathering of silicates and carbonates is essential in the global cycles of many elements, including carbon. Chemical weathering affects regional and global carbon budgets through the export of bicarbonate, much of which can originate from the atmosphere. Agricultural practices may accelerate chemical weathering from the Mississippi River basin directly or indirectly. Here we investigated one of the direct effects of agricultural practices, liming, on stream bicarbonate export and the carbon budget of agricultural systems. Using geographic information systems (GIS) layers extracted from various sources such as USGS National Land Cover Data set, U.S. Census of Agriculture data, USGS water data, NADP atmospheric acid deposition data, and NASS‐USDA crop production data, we estimated the contributions of liming inputs on both the riverine bicarbonate export and atmospheric CO2 sequestration for a subset of agricultural and forested watersheds within the Ohio River basin. Liming rates have slightly decreased from 23.6 to 19.4 g CaCO3 m−2 cropland yr−1 from 1954–1970 to 1971–1987 in six highly agricultural watersheds. The largest decrease was observed in watersheds located in the state of Ohio while a slight increase was observed in watersheds located in the state of Illinois where agricultural practices are the most intense. An average of 21.1 and 22.4 g CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 were applied to the two most highly agricultural watersheds (91% agricultural in 1992) located in the state of Illinois during 1954–1970 and 1971–1987, respectively. Using a calcium mass balance, we estimated that 29% of the total riverine bicarbonate export from the two most agricultural watersheds was by liming and thus liming is important to the cation/anion balance and buffering capacity of streams. The on‐site net atmospheric C sequestration by liming from the two most agricultural watersheds was estimated to be 0.95 g C m−2 yr−1. However, considering 0.85 g C m−2 yr−1 is estimated to be released as CO2 during the production, transport, and spreading of lime, liming as a C sequestration strategy is not attractive.
Estrategias de inserción de las áreas rurales en la economía mundial. Una aproximación desde Andalucía

On the basis of the general processes that are involved in the recent transformations of rural spaces, this paper tries to build a tipology model of reactions and strategies of insertion in the global economy of the rural areas. The tipology model attempts to stablish a sufficiently general framework which could be applicable to other Spanish and European rural spaces.
The Polycentric Metropolis: Learning from Mega-City Regions in Europe

Part I The Polycentric Metropolis: Emerging Mega-City Regions * From Metropolis to Polyopolis * Part II Analysing the Polycentric Metropolis: Quantifying the Mega-City Region * Anatomy of the Polycentric Metropolis: Eight Mega-City Regions in Overview * Organization of the Polycentric Metropolis: Corporate Structures and Networks * The Connectivity of the European Heartland * The Informational Geography of Europolis: Mapping the Flow of Information * Part III Understanding the Polycentric Metropolis: Actors, Networks, Regions * Firms and Places: Inside the Mega-City Regions * Flows and Relationships: Internal and External Linkages * People and Places: Interrelating the 'Space of Flows' and the 'Space of Places' * Part IV Visiting the Polycentric Metropolis: Regional Identities, Regional Policies * South East England: Global Constellation * Randstad Holland: Multiple Faces of a Polycentric Role Model * Central Belgium: Polycentrism in a Federal Context * RhineRuhr: 'Polycentricity at its Best'? * Rhine-Main: Making Polycentricity Work? * European Metropolitan Region Northern Switzerland: Driving Agents for Spatial Development and Governance Responses * The Paris Region: Polycentric Spatial Planning in a Monocentric Metropolitan Region * Greater Dublin in the Celtic Tiger Economy: Towards a Polycentric Mega-City Region? * Part V Planning Europolis: The Effectiveness of Policy * From Strategy to Delivery: Policy Responses *
Seismicity of the Southern California region : 1 January 1932 to 31 December 1972

Abstract : This listing of earthquakes and epicenter maps is an update to the southern California local earthquake catalog published in Seismicity of the Southern California Region 1 January 1932 to 31 December 1972 by Hileman et al. 1973. Earthquakes in 1972 are relisted here because of numerous additions that resulted from an intensive study of seismicity in the Los Angeles basin. The basic seismological data was obtained from the southern California network of the Seismological Laboratory. (Author)
Dynamically driven mantle flow and shear wave splitting asymmetry across the EPR, MELT area

The southern East Pacific Rise exhibits profound asymmetries in its geophysical character, implying asymmetric melting and flow patterns beneath the plate boundary with inflow from the Pacific superswell region. Shear wave splitting is 0.5–1 seconds larger on the Pacific plate than the Nazca plate. As seismic anisotropy is a measure of mantle strain history, the shear wave splitting signature provides an important constraint on mantle flow patterns. Finite‐element models of mantle flow using rheology that accounts for both dislocation and diffusion creep, coupled with calculations of mineral texturing and subsequent shear wave splitting predictions, show that either a model of dynamically driven flow or a passive thermal anomaly model can provide a reasonable fit to the observed asymmetric shear wave splitting. Dynamic flow produces a thicker anisotropic layer beneath the Pacific plate, while extending the melting region westward, simultaneously explaining shear wave splitting observations and the inferred asymmetric melt production.
New advances in the treatment of adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: role of thrombopoietin receptor-stimulating agents

: Decades of basic science and clinical research have led to an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the processes underlying thrombopoiesis, and the treatment of chronic ITP. Now, new agents are available to treat ITP in a nonimmunosuppressive fashion. Lessons learned from the clinical trials of recombinant human thrombopoietin (TPO) have led to the development of a novel class of compounds: nonimmunogenic agonists of the thrombopoietin receptor. Representing the first nonimmunosuppressive agents to treat chronic refractory ITP in decades, medications such as romiplostim and eltrombopag were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. These new agents offer physicians a new tool for treating difficult cases of ITP in their medical armamentarium. Additional TPO mimetics are also being developed that show promise in vitro, and await future development.
Towards a system for content-based magnetic image retrieval

Image retrieval systems provide an effective tool for signature mapping and retrieval that can be applied to magnetic images to assist with preliminary interpretation of large datasets. Image retrieval is currently a very active field of research, motivated by the significant increase in the size of digital image databases in a wide range of image-based fields. It has emerged as a powerful tool for searching and locating a desired image, or part-image, from a large image database. Most existing image retrieval systems characterise the content of an image using low-level visual features such as colour, shape, texture, and spatial relationships between objects in the image. This approach is known as Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). The objective of CBIR is to efficiently find and retrieve those images from a database that are most similar to the user’s query image. The challenge when applying CBIR to new types of images is deciding how best to characterise the content of an image so that the results are useful and meaningful. We have developed a model for content-based magnetic image retrieval (CBMIR) using intensity, texture, and shape descriptors. Region and boundary-based shape information is extracted using various edge detection techniques, and texture content is derived using statistical and wavelet transform-based methods. The model has been incorporated into a MATLAB-based system for image retrieval, and results using an experimental magnetic database are presented. The system is interactive, allowing the user’s intentions to be incorporated into the retrieval results. We introduce image retrieval as an analysis tool that has been widely adopted in other image-based fields and that has much scope to be further developed and refined for geophysical applications.