Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum dots photodetector and micro-area spectra application

ABSTRACT In this paper, the authors mainly studies on optical and electrical characteristics of 64 pixels quantum dots photodetector, and explore the application of micro-spectrometer as well. The photodetector has AlAs double barrier structures with a layer self-assembled InAs quantum dots and In0.15Ga0. 85 As quantum well. The capture of photo-excited carriers on InAs quantum dots and In0.15Ga0. 85As quantum well enable local modulation of the electrostatic potential, which help increase the photodetector sensitivity. The photocurrent responsivity is about 5.69E7 A/W with 0.01 picowatts power He-Ne laser illumination and -3 V bias voltage at liquid nitrogen temperature, wherein the internal gain of the photodetector is even higher than 1.11E8. We have designed readout circuits and an android-based micro-spectrometer based on quantum dots photodetector. In order to study micro-area spectra of biological samples, the mico-spectrometer has been mounted in a microscopy hyperspectral imaging system with C-Mount optical path switcher. The experimental results show that the red blood cell transmittance spectra obtained by the two spectral measurement systems are well coincided, and the sensitivity of quantum dot micro-spectrometer is much higher than the commercial CCD spectrometer.
Perspective on speckle spectrometers

A speckle pattern denotes a random granular distribution of intensity generated, e.g., by light scattered from a rough surface or transmitted through a multimode fiber. Since speckle usually corrupts an optical image or scrambles the information sent through a fiber, there have been considerable efforts to suppress the formation of speckle. However, the speckle is useful in many ways, e.g., its sensitivity to a change of the structure that produces it has been widely used for metrology and sensing applications. When the structure is fixed, the speckle pattern can be used to extract information of the illuminating light. One example is a speckle spectrometer, which retrieves the spectrum of light from the speckle pattern it creates. The most common spectrometers use a grating to diffract light of different frequency to different angle. Two adjacent frequencies, which have slightly different diffraction angles, can only be spatially separated and measured by different detectors after propagating over a long distance. The spectral resolution scales with the distance from the grating to the detector; the smaller the spectrometer, the lower the resolution. The tradeoff between resolution and size seriously limits the performance of chip-scale spectrometers—a key element for low-cost, portable sensing and lab-on-a-chip applications, hence prompting intense exploration of alternative mechanisms for spectrometer operation. The one-to-one spectral to spatial mapping (one frequency mapped to one spatial position) is not necessary for spectrum measurement. As long as each frequency corresponds to a distinct spatial distribution of intensity across the detector array, the spectrum can still be recovered. The multiplex spatial-tospectral mapping relaxes the requirement for dispersive medium, and diversifies the spectrometer design.
Light Trapping Enhancement by Silver Nanoantennas in Organic Solar Cells

In this paper, we study experimentally the enhancement of parameters of a typical organic thin film solar cell (OSC) achieved by an originally proposed light trapping structure (LTS). Our LTS is an array of silver nanoantennas supporting collective modes, what provide subwavelength light enhancement in the substrate. Low losses in the metal result from the advantageous optical field distribution that is achieved in the broad range of wavelengths. We study the enhancement of all the main photovoltaic (PV) parameters observed in OSC with our LTS, such as power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is effectively increased by 18%, fill factor (FF), that can also be effected positively and short-circuit current Isc improvement. Although the Ag nanoantenna occupies up to 40% of the photoactive OSC area, it provides the nearly twice enhanced optical absorption, resulting in overall higher Isc and FF. Improvements of the optical and electrical design of OSC architectures are discussed for further enhancement of per.
The Bountiful Intersection of Differential Geometry, Mechanics, and Control Theory

The areas of mechanics and control theory have a rich and productive history of interaction with the broad mathematical subject of differential geometry. This article provides an overview of these sorts of interplay in the areas of Riemannian and affine differential geometry and the geometry of vector distributions. It emphasizes areas where differential geometric methods have played a crucial role in solving problems whose solutions are difficult to achieve without access to these methods. It also emphasizes a concise and elegant presentation of the approach, rather than a detailed and concrete presentation. The results overviewed, while forming a coherent and elegant body of work, are limited in scope. The review closes with a discussion of why the approach is limited and a brief consideration of issues that must be resolved before the results of the type presented here can be extended.
Weak and strong convergence theorems of common fixed points for a pair of nonexpansive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings

The purpose of this paper is to establish some weak and strong convergence theorems of modified three-step iteration methods with errors with respect to a pair of nonexpansive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. The results presented in this paper generalize, improve and unify a few results due to Chang [1], Liu and Kang [5], Osilike and Aniagbosor [7], Rhoades [8] and Schu [9], [10] and others. An example is included to demonstrate that our results are sharp.
Tensor techniques for signal processing : algorithms for Canonical Polyadic decomposition

Low rank tensor decomposition has been playing for the last years an important rolein many applications such as blind source separation, telecommunications, sensor array processing,neuroscience, chemometrics, and data mining. The Canonical Polyadic tensor decomposition is veryattractive when compared to standard matrix-based tools, manly on system identification. In this thesis,we propose: (i) several algorithms to compute specific low rank-approximations: finite/iterativerank-1 approximations, iterative deflation approximations, and orthogonal tensor decompositions. (ii)A new strategy to solve multivariate quadratic systems, where this problem is reduced to a best rank-1 tensor approximation problem. (iii) Theoretical results to study and proof the performance or theconvergence of some algorithms. All performances are supported by numerical experiments.
Extending irreducible braid representations to the 3-component loop braid group

In a recent paper [3] it is shown that irreducible representations of the three string braid group B3 of dimension ≤ 5 extend to representations of the three component loop braid group LB3. Further, an explicit 6-dimensional irreducible B3-representation is given not allowing such an extension. In this note we give a necessary and sufficient condition, in all dimensions, on the components of irreducible representations of the modular group Γ such that sufficiently general representations extend to Γ ∗C3 S3. As a consequence, the corresponding irreducible B3representations do extend to LB3. 1 The strategy The 3-component loop braid group LB3 encodes motions of 3 oriented circles in R. The generator σi (i = 1, 2) is interpreted as passing the i-th circle under and through the i + 1-th circle ending with the two circles’ positions interchanged. The generator si (i = 1, 2) simply interchanges the circles i and i + 1. For physical motivation and graphics we refer to the paper by
The generalized Poisson-binomial distribution and the computation of its distribution function

ABSTRACT The Poisson-binomial distribution is useful in many applied problems in engineering, actuarial science and data mining. The Poisson-binomial distribution models the distribution of the sum of independent but non-identically distributed random indicators whose success probabilities vary. In this paper, we extend the Poisson-binomial distribution to a generalized Poisson-binomial (GPB) distribution. The GPB distribution corresponds to the case where the random indicators are replaced by two-point random variables, which can take two arbitrary values instead of 0 and 1 as in the case of random indicators. The GPB distribution has found applications in many areas such as voting theory, actuarial science, warranty prediction and probability theory. As the GPB distribution has not been studied in detail so far, we introduce this distribution first and then derive its theoretical properties. We develop an efficient algorithm for the computation of its distribution function, using the fast Fourier transform. We test the accuracy of the developed algorithm by comparing it with enumeration-based exact method and the results from the binomial distribution. We also study the computational time of the algorithm under various parameter settings. Finally, we discuss the factors affecting the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm and illustrate the use of the software package.
Hybrid transmit waveform design based on beamforming and orthogonal space-time block coding

In this paper, we derive a hybrid of Beam-Forming (BF) and Space-Time Block Coding (STBC), where the space-time code is transmitted over the beams generated by the steering vectors corresponding to the channel path directions. This is for the practical case where the transmit array may have adequate information on the departure angles of the dominant paths between transmitter and receiver, but unreliable information on the associated complex path gains. We compute analytically the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the proposed hybrid for the specific case of a two-path channel model and using the orthogonal Alamouti code, and compare the result to the SNR of optimal Linear Precoding (LP) and the theoretically possible SNR of Orthogonal STBC (OSTBC). To improve the performance, power loading schemes are also considered. Simulation results show that the performance of the BF/STBC hybrid with and without power loading can be very close to LP — under certain conditions — or even better in the practical case where there are phase estimation errors in the path gain estimates employed at the transmitter.
ENDOS042 167__169

Background and Study Aims: During pancreatobiliary imaging by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) at the authors’ institution, it is customary to attempt to obtain the “stack sign”, where the bile duct and the pancreatic duct can be seen to run in parallel through the pancreatic head. We suspected that such a view may not be attainable in patients with pancreas divisum because of the short ventral pancreatic duct. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the presence of pancreas divisum could be suspected on the basis of EUS findings.
New Dynamic Time-of-Use Tariff For Islanded Microgrid System With High Penetration of Renewable Energy

This paper proposes a dynamic time-of-use (d-TOU) tariff scheme for microgrid (MG) systems in islanded mode. The main problem for the islanded MG is the high cost of electricity, and the output from renewable energy is uncontrollable compared to the traditional grid. Therefore, this paper focuses on developing a suitable tariff scheme that provides reliability and financial benefits for both utility and customer. The time zone energy prices based on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) are introduced for islanded MG. The results show a contradiction between islanded MG with the standard traditional power generation TOU. Even though the LCOE obtained for MG is higher than conventional electricity rates, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions rate is reduced by 85%. In conclusion, the proposed d-TOU tariff scheme is suitable for the islanded MG system and it is beneficial for both the utility and the customer by not causing a financial burden to the utility and encouraging the customer to make a demand response in the future.
On the Formation of Vinylamine (C2H3NH2) in Interstellar Ice Analogs

Amines—organic molecules carrying the –NH2 moiety—have been recognized as a vital intermediate in the formation of prebiotic molecules such as amino acids and nucleobases. Here we report the formation of vinylamine (C2H3NH2), which was recently detected toward G+0.693–0.027, in interstellar ice analogs composed of acetylene (C2H2) and ammonia (NH3) exposed to energetic electrons. Our experiments mimic cascades of secondary electrons in the tracks of galactic cosmic rays impinging on interstellar ice in molecular clouds. Tunable photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI–Re-TOF–MS), along with isomer-specific assignments, reveals the production of vinylamine (C2H3NH2). Quantum chemical computations suggest that both a radical–radical recombination of the amino (NH2) with the vinyl (C2H3) radical and a one-step concerted route are feasible pathways to vinylamine (C2H3NH2). The results present the first documented route to form vinylamine in interstellar ice analogs. This unsaturated amine, which is isovalent to vinylalcohol (C2H3OH), could be a key precursor for the abiotic synthesis of prebiotic molecules such as amino acids and nucleobases, with implications for the origins-of-life theme.
Circumgalactic Lyα Nebulae in Overdense Quasar Pair Regions Observed with the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager

The recent discovery of enormous Lyα nebulae (ELANe), characterized by physical extents >200 kpc and Lyα luminosities >1044 erg s−1, provides a unique opportunity to study the intergalactic medium and circumgalactic medium in distant galaxies. Many existing ELANe detections are associated with local overdensities of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We have initiated a search for ELANe around regions containing pairs of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager. The first study of this search, Cai et al., presented results of ELAN0101+0201, which was associated with a QSO pair at z = 2.45. In this study, all targets residing in QSO pair environments analyzed have Lyα detections, but only one of the four targets meets the classification criteria of an ELANe associated with a QSO pair region (z ∼ 2.87). The other three sample detections of Lyα nebulae do not meet the size and luminosity criteria to be classified as ELANe. We find kinematic evidence that the ELANe J1613 is possibly powered mostly by AGN outflows. The analysis of circularly averaged surface brightness profiles of emission from the Lyα regions shows that the Lyα emission around z ∼ 2 QSO pairs is consistent with emission around individual QSOs at z ∼ 2, which is fainter than that around z ∼ 3 QSOs. A larger sample of Lyα at z ∼ 2 will be needed to determine if there is evidence of redshift evolution when compared to nebular emissions at z ∼ 3 from other studies.
Classification and Detection of Obstacles for Rover Navigation

In this research project, the author aims to achieve Level 3 conditional automation whereby the researched Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is bound to classify and detect its own obstacle with human assistance as it cruises through a plantation field. Recognizing the different classes of obstacles enable the UGV to plan out the most efficient path to meet its desired goal. The purpose of this research project was to develop a classification and detection of obstacle and an optimal path planning algorithm suitable to be implemented for relieving the working process in an extreme condition plantation field. This paper presents an algorithm whereby it can conduct image-based obstacle detection through image masking and model prediction, along with a trigonometrical-based path planning approach. The proposed algorithm should hypothetically allow the UGV to conduct real-time path planning as it classifies some common obstacles such as leaves, rocks, and branches existing in a plantation field. As the waypoints were marked from the Ground Control Station (GCS), the UGV will travel towards the given waypoints to complete the given mission. When the UGV meets an obstacle, it will first differentiate whether it’s traversable, followed by running the proposed algorithm to avoid the risk of destructing the UGV by choosing a collision free path. The basic idea is to apply path planning by considering the available spacing between the detected obstacle by comparing with a predefined threshold. Through the provided threshold value, the UGV can identify the type of obstacle yet to be detected. For instance, obstacles within the given range of value can be labelled to be a leafy obstacle, otherwise it is not considered to be a leafy obstacle. To ensure the behaviour and safety measure of the UGV to run smoothly, the author had undergone model training for an elevated model prediction by training and deploying a custom training loop through TensorFlow. Nevertheless, MATLAB was utilized to test out the concept of the path planning algorithm to examine its behaviour as untraversable obstacles were met. All these implementations can further grow in the agricultural industries as it can aid humans with performing tedious and impossible tasks on site.
A Wheeled Mobile Robot Obstacles Avoidance for Navigation Control in a Static and Dynamic Environments

This research focuses on the performance of the obstacle avoidance feature implemented on a wheeled mobile robot by using Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The test was done using a simulation software Webots and the layout was first draft out using walls, floors, and objects in order to set a boundary and obstacles for the simulation. To test the effectiveness and efficiency in terms of time and distance, the simulation time and trajectory of the Khepera implementing the Sugeno FIS was recorded and compared with the Khepera without implementing the Sugeno FIS. The inputs of the ultrasonic sensors were also recorded in order to analyze whether if the Khepera detects incoming objects or if Khepera follows the rules set in the algorithm.
Liquid biopsies for cancer: From bench to clinic

Abstract Over the past two decades, liquid biopsy has been increasingly used as a supplement, or even, a replacement to the traditional biopsy in clinical oncological practice, due to its noninvasive and early detectable properties. The detections can be based on a variety of features extracted from tumor‑derived entities, such as quantitative alterations, genetic changes, and epigenetic aberrations, and so on. So far, the clinical applications of cancer liquid biopsy mainly aimed at two aspects, prediction (early diagnosis, prognosis and recurrent evaluation, therapeutic response monitoring, etc.) and intervention. In spite of the rapid development and great contributions achieved, cancer liquid biopsy is still a field under investigation and deserves more clinical practice. To better open up future work, here we systematically reviewed and compared the latest progress of the most widely recognized circulating components, including circulating tumor cells, cell‐free circulating DNA, noncoding RNA, and nucleosomes, from their discovery histories to clinical values. According to the features applied, we particularly divided the contents into two parts, beyond epigenetics and epigenetic‐based. The latter was considered as the highlight along with a brief overview of the advances in both experimental and bioinformatic approaches, due to its unique advantages and relatively lack of documentation.
Inverse Spectral Results on Even Dimensional Tori

Die Spektralgeometrie untersucht inwiefern Eigenschaften von Differentialoperatoren und zugrunde liegender Raume durch deren Spektrum bestimmt werden. Diese Arbeit untersucht Schrodinger-Operatoren auf hermiteschen Geradenbundeln uber flachen Tori gerader Dimension. Jeder Zusammenhang auf dem Bundel induziert einen Laplace-Operator, der auf die Schnitte des Bundels wirkt. Ein Schrodinger-Operator ist die Summe eines Laplace-Operators und einer Funktion, dem Potential, auf dem Torus. Fur translationsinvariante Zusammenhange und Geradenbundel mit nicht-entarteter Chern-Klasse werden Aussagen gegeben inwiefern das Spektrum des Schrodinger-Operators den Torus, das Geradenbundel oder das Potential bestimmen. Ist das Spektrum fur jeden translationsinvarianten Zusammenhang gegeben, wird das Potential bestimmt. Die Menge dieser Spektren ist eine Verallgemeinerung des Bloch-Spektrums des Torus. Fur schwach Z2-invariante Zusammenhange wird der gerade Teil des Potentials durch ein einzelnes Spektrum bestimmt, falls das Gitter nicht entartet ist. Gegenbeispiele zeigen, dass diese Bedingung benotigt wird und dass weder Potentiale noch Tori noch Geradenbundel spektrale Invarianten sind. Fur die Gegenbeispiele wird eine explizite Transplantation gegeben. Weiterhin enthalt diese Arbeit eine Klassifikation der Geradenbundel. %%%%Spectral geometry studies to which extend properties of differential operators and their underlying spaces are determined by their spectrum. This thesis studies Schrodinger operators on Hermitian line bundles over even-dimensional flat tori. Every connection on the bundle induces a Laplace operator acting on the sections of the bundle. A Schrodinger operator is the sum of a Laplace operator and a function, the potential, on the torus. Restricting to translation-invariant connections and line bundles with nondegenerate Chern class statements concerning the extent to which the spectrum of the Schrodinger operator determines the torus, line bundle or potential are given. The potential is determined by the collection of spectra of translation-invariant connections. This collection is a generalisation of the Bloch spectrum of the torus. For weakly Z2-invariant connections one can recover the even part of the potential from a single spectrum provided that the lattice has a nondegenerate length spectrum. Counterexamples show that this condition is necessary and that neither potentials, tori nor line bundles are spectral invariants. Explicit transplantations are constructed for the counterexamples. Also, this thesis includes a classification of line bundles.