Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
InDrone: a 2D-based drone flight behavior visualization platform for indoor building inspection

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore how to visually represent human decision-making processes during the performance of indoor building inspection flight operations using drones.Design/methodology/approachData from expert pilots were collected using a virtual reality drone flight simulator. The expert pilot data were studied to inform the development of an interactive 2D representation of drone flight spatial and temporal data – InDrone. Within the InDrone platform, expert pilot data were visually encoded to characterize key pilot behaviors in terms of pilots' approaches to view and difficulties encountered while detecting the inspection markers. The InDrone platform was evaluated using a user-center experimental methodology focusing on two metrics: (1) how novice pilots understood the flight approaches and difficulties contained within InDrone and (2) the perceived usability of the InDrone platform.FindingsThe results of the study indicated that novice pilots recognized inspection markers and difficult-to-inspect building areas in 63% (STD = 48%) and 75% (STD = 35%) of the time on average, respectively. Overall, the usability of InDrone presented high scores as demonstrated by the novice pilots during the flight pattern recognition tasks with a mean score of 77% (STD = 15%). Originality/valueThis research contributes to the definition of visual affordances that support the communication of human decision-making during drone indoor building inspection flight operations. The developed InDrone platform highlights the necessity of defining visual affordances to explore drone flight spatial and temporal data for indoor building inspections.
Switched linear parameter‐varying tracking control for quadrotors with large attitude angles and time‐varying inertia

This paper is concerned with large‐angle attitude tracking control for quadrotors in the presence of time‐varying inertia and external disturbances using a switched linear parameter‐varying (LPV) system method. The attitude system of the quadrotor is divided into two parts, that is, the outer attitude‐angle loop and inner angular‐velocity loop. A feedback linearization controller is designed in the outer loop to generate the desired angular velocities. In the inner loop, the nonlinear quadrotor dynamics with time‐varying inertia is approximated by a switched LPV system that consists of a series of LPV models. The persistent dwell time (PDT) switching logic is adopted to describe the fast and slow switches coexist among these LPV models. Then, both the continuous‐time state‐feedback and dynamic output‐feedback controllers are designed, which ensure the globally uniformly asymptotically stability and ℒ2−ℒ∞ external disturbance attenuation performance of the attitude tracking error system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed tracking control method of quadrotors is validated with an example.
Not Registered? Please Sign Up First: A Randomized Field Experiment on the Ex Ante Registration Request

Online commerce websites often request users to register in the online shopping process. Recognizing the challenges of user registration, many websites opt to delay their registration request until the end of the conversion funnel (i.e., ex post registration request). A new study in Information Systems Research explores an alternative approach by asking users to register with the website at the beginning of their shopping journey (i.e., ex ante registration request). The authors of the study, Ni Huang (University of Houston), Probal Mojumder (University of Southern California), Tianshu Sun (University of Southern California), Jinchi Lv (University of Southern California), and Joseph M. Golden (Collage.com), show that the ex ante request leads to an increased probability of user registration. Furthermore, the ex ante request leads to considerable increases in customer purchases in the long run and does not significantly influence sales in the short run. Further investigation into the long-term and short-term effects provides suggestive evidence on several potential mechanisms, such as firm-initiated interaction (e.g., email marketing campaigns) and screening of low-interest users (i.e., users with low initial valuations of the website and in a potentially disengaged state). This study provides managerial implications on the design of user-registration systems in e-commerce websites.
Inclusive Leadership: How Leaders Sustain or Discourage Work Group Inclusion

Research on leader inclusion has continued to proliferate. However, most of the research has not focused on the importance of leader inclusion for employees with marginalized social identities. Based on Shore, Randel, Chung, Dean, Ehrhart, and Singh's (2011) model of work group inclusion consisting of fulfillment of needs for belongingness and value in uniqueness, we describe four different leadership orientations including leader inclusion, exclusion, assimilation, and differentiation. Three psychological mechanisms that result when employees feel included by the leader are discussed, consisting of psychological safety, psychological empowerment, and work group identification. While leader inclusion has been shown to be beneficial to employees generally, this article provides increased attention to the particular importance of leader inclusion for employees who are members of marginalized social identity groups.
Anti-Cancer and Cardiovascular Properties of Phenolic Compounds Present in Virgin Olive Oil

Cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Furthermore, current cardiovascular and cancer therapy is accompanied by various side effects, which considerably reduce the quality of life. Epidemiological studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet has been related to a lower risk of non-communicable diseases such as CVD and cancer. This lower incidence has been partially attributed to the regular intake of virgin olive oil (VOO) which is the main fatty component of the traditional Mediterranean die. In addition to monounsaturated fatty acid, VOO contains various phenolic compounds, which have shown a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties due to their antioxidant activity. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on the effects of the main phenolic compounds isolated from VOO on different cancers and CVD as well as the plausible action mechanisms involved.
Forest road detection using deep learning models

Abstract Forest roads are the primary infrastructure facilities of forestry activities. Identifying the forest roads that can be used after a disaster is very important for management of disasters such as fire, flood, and landslide as well as for strengthening of the forest road infrastructure. In this context, forest road extraction from orthophoto images has become a hot research topic in the field of remote sensing image analysis. Deep learning methods stand out in many fields that require remote sensing and these methods lead to very successful results compared with traditional methods. Recently, deep learning methods are applied frequently in road extraction. The aim of the present study was forest road network extraction from high resolution orthophoto images based on deep learning. Four different deep learning models have been used in the study which are AlexNet, ResNet-50, InceptionResNet-V2 and U-Net. First, the images in the dataset were subject to re-processing after which the deep learning models were trained separately. Secondly, values of overall accuracy, precision, recall, Dice coefficient, intersection over union, and test time were calculated for these trained network models over the validity dataset. Finally, the acquired results were compared and forest road segmentation inferences were visualized thus putting forth the accuracy at which the deep learning models used can extraction the forest roads. The results show that ResNet-50 and InceptionResNet-V2 semantic segmentation models can be used accurately and efficiently for forest road extraction.
Variability of Morphological Traits of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Seedlings in Serbia

The results of interpopulation variability of morphometric parameters of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings originating from eight populations from the part of natural distribution area in Serbia are presented in this paper. The studied populations of Dubašnica, Jastrebac, Boranja, Fruška Gora, Mali Pek, Goč, Beljanica, and Javor have various ecological and vegetational characteristics. The results of this paper refer to root collar diameter and height of seedlings at the age of 1+0 and 2+0. Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between the populations in terms of the studied morphological traits of seedlings (p<0.01; α=0.05). Geographical differentiation of the studied populations has not been determined by applying cluster analysis, but the populations are grouped randomly and they indicate the ecotypic nature of beech genetic variation. The results of this research may serve in beech breeding and the available gene pool conservation. Based on the obtained results it can be recommended that in terms of transfer and use of the beech forest reproductive material greater attention should be paid to the ecological conditions of the parent stands and habitats where afforestation has been performed.
Resolving the Blockchain Paradox with Dynamic Immutable Smart Contract (DISC)

While immutability is Blockchain's* much celebrated covenant, change is the rule of life. The paradox has seriously limited real-world deployability of Smart Contracts (SC), faltering its mainstream adoption and sustainability. Once implemented, SC remains unstoppable even if its execution makes losses, as evident in the recently exploded $50+B DeFi industry. How do we reconcile the two and make DeFI/Blockchain profitable and sustainable? A DISC (Dynamic Immutable Smart Contract) hypothesis was proposed to resolve the paradox. Using an existing decentralized IoT device framework we test the DISC hypothesis, by designing/implementing a DISC protocol that delivers an algorithmically controlled dynamic off-chain data feed into a self-executing SC. The experiment successfully introduced limited dynamism into SC without compromising its immutability or undermining user control over their SC terms. If consistently reproduced in diverse settings, the DISC protocol could earn an important milestone in the evolution of Blockchain's decentralized economy of the future.
Wideband Dual-Layer Huygens’ Metasurface for High-Gain Multibeam Array Antennas

A wideband dual-layer Huygens’ unit cell based on offset electric dipole pair (OEDP) is proposed. Different from traditional designs with a combination of electric and magnetic polarizabilities, the proposed Huygens’ unit cell exclusively employs electric polarizabilities. By doing so, it practically avoids the unbalanced resonant frequencies between the two polarizabilities, thereby achieving wideband transmission. Based on the proposed unit cell, a wideband and high-gain multibeam array antenna is developed. First, a Rotman lens is designed by using a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Then a parallel-fed slot antenna array is connected to the Rotman lens to generate multiple beams. Without using a series-fed slot antenna array, the multibeam array antenna based on Rotman lens can operate within a relatively wide bandwidth (28–32 GHz). Second, a wideband dual-layer Huygens’ metasurface is developed that serves as a superstrate of the multibeam array antenna for increasing the antenna gain further. A wideband and high-gain multibeam array antenna is finally realized, which is comprised of a Rotman lens, a parallel-fed slot antenna array, and a Huygens’ metasurface. To verify the performance of this design, a prototype is fabricated and its measured results are compared to the simulated counterparts.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

The rearing temperature of the immature stages can have a significant impact on the life-history traits and the ability of adult mosquitoes to transmit diseases. This review assessed published evidence of the effects of temperature on the immature stages, life-history traits, insecticide susceptibility, and expression of enzymes in the adult Anopheles mosquito. Original articles published through 31 March 2021 were systematically retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. After applying eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included. The review revealed that immature stages of An. arabiensis were more tolerant (in terms of survival) to a higher temperature than An. funestus and An. quadriannulatus. Higher temperatures resulted in smaller larval sizes and decreased hatching and pupation time. The development rate and survival of An. stephensi was significantly reduced at a higher temperature than a lower temperature. Increasing temperatures decreased the longevity, body size, length of the gonotrophic cycle, and fecundity of Anopheles mosquitoes. Higher rearing temperatures increased pyrethroid resistance in adults of the An. arabiensis SENN DDT strain, and increased pyrethroid tolerance in the An. arabiensis SENN strain. Increasing temperature also significantly increased Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression and decreased insecticide toxicity. Both extreme low and high temperatures affect Anopheles mosquito development and survival. Climate change could have diverse effects on Anopheles mosquitoes. The sensitivities of Anopeheles mosquitoes to temperature differ from species to species, even among the same complex. Notwithstanding, there seem to be limited studies on the effects of temperature on adult life-history traits of Anopheles mosquitoes, and more studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
Optimizing Carbon Cycle Parameters Drastically Improves Terrestrial Biosphere Model Underestimates of Dryland Mean Net CO2 Flux and its Inter‐Annual Variability

Drylands occupy ∼40% of the land surface and are thought to dominate global carbon (C) cycle inter‐annual variability (IAV). Therefore, it is imperative that global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), which form the land component of IPCC earth system models, are able to accurately simulate dryland vegetation and biogeochemical processes. However, compared to more mesic ecosystems, TBMs have not been widely tested or optimized using in situ dryland CO2 fluxes. Here, we address this gap using a Bayesian data assimilation system and 89 site‐years of daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) data from 12 southwest US Ameriflux sites to optimize the C cycle parameters of the ORCHIDEE TBM. The sites span high elevation forest ecosystems, which are a mean sink of C, and low elevation shrub and grass ecosystems that are either a mean C sink or “pivot” between an annual C sink and source. We find that using the default (prior) model parameters drastically underestimates both the mean annual NEE at the forested mean C sink sites and the NEE IAV across all sites. Our analysis demonstrated that optimizing phenology parameters are particularly useful in improving the model's ability to capture both the magnitude and sign of the NEE IAV. At the forest sites, optimizing C allocation, respiration, and biomass and soil C turnover parameters reduces the underestimate in simulated mean annual NEE. Our study demonstrates that all TBMs need to be calibrated for dryland ecosystems before they are used to determine dryland contributions to global C cycle variability and long‐term carbon‐climate feedbacks.
Making sense of business analytics in project selection and prioritisation: insights from the start-up trenches

PurposeThe study aims to provide insights in the sensemaking process and the use of business analytics (BA) for project selection and prioritisation in start-up settings. A major focus is on the various ways start-ups can understand their data through the analytical process of sensemaking.Design/methodology/approachThis is a comparative case study of two start-ups that use BA in their projects. The authors follow an interpretive approach and draw from the constructivist grounded theory method (GTM) for the purpose of data analysis, whereby the theory of sensemaking functions as the sensitising device that supports the interpretation of the data.FindingsThe key findings lie within the scope of project selection and prioritisation, where the sensemaking process is implicitly influenced by each start-up's strategy and business model. BA helps start-ups notice changes within their internal and external environment and focus their attention on the more critical questions along the lines of their processes, operations and business model. However, BA alone cannot support decision-making around less structured problems such as project selection and prioritisation, where intuitive judgement and personal opinion are still heavily used.Originality/valueThis study extends the research on BA applied in organisations as tools for business development. Specifically, the authors draw on the literature of BA tools in support of project management from multiple perspectives. The perspectives include but are not limited to project assessment and prioritisation. The authors view the decision-making process and the path from insight to value, as a sensemaking process, where data become part of the sensemaking roadmap and BA helps start-ups navigate the decision-making process.
Relación entre el estilo de liderazgo del director escolar y la motivación de los maestros y maestras de la generación millennials

The purpose of this quantitative correlational research was to determine how the leadership style of the school principal relates to the work motivation of Millennials Generation employees. The theoretical framework that founded the research problem was the existentialist humanist theory of Ortega. The sample was made up of 176 participants from the Ponce region of the Puerto Rico Department of Education. To collect the data, the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation instrument, and the Leader Behavior Analysis II (LBAII) were used. From the data, a profile of the study participants was established. The main result showed that there is a significant relationship between the leadership style of the director and the motivation of the Millennials generation teachers.
Wideband and Low-Profile Integrated Dual-Circularly-Polarized Transmit-Arrays Enabled by Antenna-Filter-Antenna Phase Shifting Cells

In this article, the theory, design, and demonstration of wideband and low-profile dual-circularly polarized (dual-CP) transmit arrays (TAs) are reported, which support independent beamforming for left-/right-handed CP waves. This is achieved by utilizing an antenna–filter–antenna configuration for the TA unit cells with a profile of only about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.11\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which consists of receiving and transmitting stacked patches connected by two microstrip delay lines. By utilizing the phase delay lines and unit cell rotation, the dynamic phase and the Berry phase can be simultaneously exploited for providing continuous dual-CP transmissive phase compensation insensitive to the angle of incidence. The diffraction analysis of a linear gradient array of the proposed cells confirms its wideband performance of abnormal refraction. In addition, broadband CP planar feed arrays were designed and verified for functioning as low-profile feeds with symmetrical patterns for the TAs. As proof-of-concept examples, two <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band dual-CP TAs integrated with the planar feeds were synthesized, fabricated, and measured, possessing a total profile of about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.1\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The two prototypes offer either symmetrical or asymmetrical dual-CP beams over a wide bandwidth. Their measured peak gain is higher than 22 dBic, while the joint <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11} < -15$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, axial ratio < 2 dB, beam squinting <3°, and 2–dB gain bandwidth is wider than 12%. The design methodology and the proposed dual-CP TAs are useful in communication systems for space and wireless applications.
Oral health factors related to the quality of life in elderly urban residents of South-West Poland

BackgroundThe process of human body ageing is an inevitable phenomenon affecting all organs. Hence, the concept of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) was introduced, based on the definition of health developed by WHO. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected oral health parameters on oral health-related quality of life in elderly residents of South-West Poland.MethodsThe study involved 500 participants who were the citizens of South-West Poland aged 65 and more. There was an oral examination performed, including the assessment of coronal and root caries, periodontal disease, dental prosthetic status and xerostomia. The impact of oral health-related quality of life was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Furthermore, socio-demographic questionnaires were obtained from participants. Logistic bivariate and multivariate regression analyses of dependent variables and independent variables were carried out as part of the study. ResultsThe mean value of DMFT was 27.5 ± 5.0. A higher number of DMF and extracted teeth resulted in increased values in all seven domains and exhibited a significant negative impact on the quality of life. Moreover, it enabled predicting values in individual domains of the OHIP-14 scale.ConclusionsThe number of missing teeth and teeth with caries constituted the predictors of poorer Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in all domains of the OHIP-14 scale. The impact of gingival bleeding on the quality of life was demonstrated. There was a decrease in the oral health-related quality of life in single individuals with several comorbidities and medications taken.
Pretending to be States: The Use of Facebook by Armed Groups in Myanmar

ABSTRACT Which functions do social media fill for non-state armed groups in countries with internal armed conflict? Building on conflict data, interviews and media monitoring, we have reviewed the use of social media by Myanmar’s nine most powerful armed groups. The first finding is that they act like states, using social media primarily to communicate with their constituents. Second, they also use social media as a tool of armed struggle, for command and control, intelligence, denunciation of traitors, and attacks against adversaries. Third, social media serves for national and international outreach. Like Myanmar’s national army, the armed groups have combined prudent official pages with an underworld of more reckless profiles and closed groups that often breach Facebook’s official community standards. In February 2019, when Facebook excluded four groups from its platform, they lost much of their ability to reach out and act like states. Yet they kept a capacity to communicate with their constituents through closed groups, individual profiles and sophisticated use of links and shares. Finally, the article affirms that the Facebook company, in the years 2018–2020,took upon itself a role as an arbiter within Myanmar’s internal conflicts, deciding what information was allowed and disallowed.