Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Patient PPI Journey: Results of a Survey on PPI Treatment Initiation and Patient Experience

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) are among the most frequently prescribed classes of drug worldwide. Currently, however, physicians are prescribing PPIs for extended periods, often without an indication, which is not in line with current guidance and therefore preventing appropriate reflux management. Inappropriate or excessive PPI prescribing is becoming increasingly visible, yet there is currently little research available on the impact such current practice has on the patient experience. This study aims to understand patient attitudes toward their PPI treatment and the impact current PPI prescribing patterns have on the patient experience. Methods: An online survey of current and previous users of PPI for GORD was conducted in the UK and Germany. Topics covered included prior steps taken before first consultation with a physician, initial recommendations, PPI treatment initiation and duration, use of PPI, management of reflux whilst taking a PPI, stopping PPI treatment, and patient attitudes. Results: Among 566 patient participants (UK, n = 372; Germany, n = 194) 69% to 79% reported being prescribed medication at their first visit to a physician, of which 61% to 68% were prescribed a PPI either alone or combined with another treatment. 41% to 48% of patients answered “don’t know” when asked how long they expected to continue taking their PPI. 49% to 50% of patients currently on PPIs also reported having concerns with regards to long-term treatment. 70% of patients recalled being well informed on dosage and treatment regimens. However, other safety and usage information was reported as being less frequently discussed. Conclusions: Although patients reported concerns regarding ongoing long-term PPI treatment, this was not reflected in the prescribing pattern from physicians. More can be done to ensure patients are fully informed about their PPI treatment at consultation. Findings also suggest a disconnect exists between standard treatment guidelines and prescribing patterns, as experienced by patients.
Unscheduled healthcare for children with intellectual disabilities: A systematic scoping review

Abstract Background The provision of unscheduled healthcare for children with intellectual disability is less researched than that focused on hospital settings or for adult services. The aim of the scoping review was to map the evidence base in this area and identify areas for future study. Method A five‐stage scoping review framework was adopted. CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Embase, ProQuest Dissertation & Theses and Google Scholar were searched. Studies published in English after 1/1/2000 were considered eligible for inclusion. Results A total of 3158 titles and abstracts were screened, 137 full‐text articles were reviewed, and 25 papers met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive themes focused on inequities, needs and experiences of families', poor GP training, and limitations of existing evidence. Conclusion Describing trends in healthcare utilisation by this population is valuable for monitoring quality of healthcare, however, addressing observed inequities will require approaches that recognise specific issues within the health system that result in inequities.
Cavity surface residues of PAD4 and SAG101 contribute to EDS1 dimer signaling specificity in plant immunity.

Arabidopsis pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is controlled by a family of three lipase-like proteins EDS1, PAD4 and SAG101 and two sub-families of HET-S/LOB-B (HeLo)-domain "helper" NLRs, ADR1s and NRG1s. EDS1-PAD4 dimers cooperate with ADR1s, and EDS1-SAG101 dimers with NRG1s, in two separate defense-promoting modules. EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 and EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 complexes were detected in immune-activated leaf extracts but the molecular determinants for specific complex formation and function remain unknown. EDS1 signaling is mediated by a C-terminal EP domain (EPD) surface surrounding a cavity formed by the heterodimer. Here we investigated whether the EPDs of PAD4 and SAG101 contribute to EDS1 dimer functions. Using a structure-guided approach, we undertook a comprehensive mutational analysis of Arabidopsis PAD4. We identify two conserved residues (Arg314 and Lys380) lining the PAD4 EPD cavity that are essential for EDS1-PAD4 mediated pathogen resistance, but are dispensible for PAD4 mediated restriction of green peach aphid infestation. Positionally equivalent Met304 and Arg373 at the SAG101 EPD cavity are required for EDS1-SAG101 promotion of ETI-related cell death. In a PAD4 and SAG101 interactome analysis of ETI-activated tissues, PAD4R314A and SAG101M304R EPD variants maintain interaction with EDS1 but lose association, respectively, with helper NLRs ADR1-L1 and NRG1.1, and other immune-related proteins. Our data reveal a fundamental contribution of similar but non-identical PAD4 and SAG101 EPD surfaces to specific EDS1 dimer protein interactions and pathogen immunity.
Using human factors and ergonomics principles to prevent inpatient falls

Inpatient falls are frequently reported incidents in hospitals around the world. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the risk. With the rising importance of human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), a fall prevention programme was introduced by applying HF&E principles to reduce inpatient falls from a systems engineering perspective. The programme was conducted in an acute public hospital with around 750 inpatient beds in Hong Kong. A hospital falls review team (the team) was formed in June 2020 to plan and implement the programme. The ‘Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control’ (DMAIC) method was adopted. Improvement actions following each fall review were implemented. Fall rates in the ‘pre-COVID-19’ period (January–December 2019), ‘COVID-19’ period (January–June 2020) and ‘programme’ period (July 2020–August 2021) were used for evaluation of the programme effectiveness. A total of 120, 85 and 142 inpatient falls in the ‘pre-COVID-19’, ‘COVID-19’ and ‘programme’ periods were reviewed, respectively. Thirteen areas with fall risks were identified by the team where improvement actions applying HF&E principles were implemented accordingly. The average fall rates were 0.476, 0.773 and 0.547 per 1000 patient bed days in these periods, respectively. The average fall rates were found to be significantly increased from the pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 periods (mean difference=0.297 (95% CI 0.068 to 0.526), p=0.009), which demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic might have affected the hospitals fall rates, while a significant decrease was noted between the COVID-19 and programme periods (mean difference=−0.226 (95% CI −0.449 to –0.003), p=0.047), which proved that the programme in apply HF&E principles to prevent falls was effective. Since HF&E principles are universal, the programme can be generalised to other healthcare institutes, which the participation of staff trained in HF&E in the quality improvement team is vital to its success.
Fast transient simulation of schmidt surge arrester model n a transmission line using atp

Overvoltage transients are considered as major disturbance in high-voltage transmission line systems. It will affect the transmission lines system such as power supply disruptions, damage to equipment and will indirectly endanger human life. Surge arrester is equipment that can be used to overcome this problem where it works by diverting the surge current to ground and protect the transmission line. This study is intended to generate simulated data to study the characteristics of the Schmidt surge arrester. The method used for this study is to develop a Schmidt surge arrester and transmission line system using Alternative Transient Program (ATP) version Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software. Transmission tower model used in this simulation is double circuit multi-story 132kV while the lightning model used is 10kA current amplitude with current wave 8/20μs. Analysis carried out with lightning stroke hit on the transmission lines while surge arrester installed at transmission tower with a variety of configurations to determine optimum protection performance. The results of this study can be improved in the future by carried out with practical study methods and make comparisons.
Signaler’s Vasotocin Alters the Relationship between the Responder’s Forebrain Catecholamines and Communication Behavior in Lizards (Anolis carolinensis)

Dynamic fluctuations in the distribution of catecholamines across the brain modulate the responsiveness of vertebrates to social stimuli. Previous work demonstrates that green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) increase chemosensory behavior in response to males treated with exogenous arginine vasotocin (AVT), but the neurochemical mechanisms underlying this behavioral shift remains unclear. Since central catecholamine systems, including dopamine, rapidly activate in response to social stimuli, we tested whether exogenous AVT in signalers (stimulus animals) impacts catecholamine concentrations in the forebrain (where olfactory and visual information are integrated and processed) of untreated lizard responders. We also tested whether AVT influences the relationship between forebrain catecholamine concentrations and communication behavior in untreated receivers. We measured global catecholamine (dopamine = DA, epinephrine = Epi, and norepinephrine = NE) concentrations in the forebrain of untreated responders using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry following either a 30-min social interaction with a stimulus male or a period of social isolation. Stimulus males were injected with exogenous AVT or vehicle saline (SAL). We found that global DA, but not Epi or NE, concentrations were elevated in lizards responding to SAL-males relative to isolated lizards. Lizards interacting with AVT-males had DA, Epi and NE concentrations that were not significantly different from SAL or isolated groups. For behavior, we found a significant effect of social treatment (AVT vs. SAL) on the relationships between (1) DA concentrations and the motivation to perform a chemical display (latency to tongue flick) and (2) Epi concentrations and time spent displaying mostly green body coloration. We also found a significant negative correlation between DA concentrations and the latency to perform a visual display but found no effect of social treatment on this relationship. These data suggest that catecholamine concentrations in the forebrain of untreated responders are associated with chemical and visual communication in lizards and that signaler AVT alters this relationship for some, but not all, aspects of social communication.
Implications of foliar epidermal micromorphology using light and scanning electron microscopy: A useful tool in taxonomy of Korean irises

The genus Iris L. , comprising approximately 210 species, is one of the most species‐rich genera in the family Iridaceae. In this study, the first comprehensive leaf micromorphological characters of Korean irises were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Our objective was to evaluate the foliar micromorphological characteristics (namely epidermal cells, stomata types, and guard cell size) of Korean Iris taxa in a systematic context. All the investigated Korean Iris taxa had amphistomatic or hypostomatic leaves with anomocytic stomatal complexes. Guard cell length varied among species, ranging from 24.8 μm (I. rossii) to 56.0 μm (I. domestica). Although the presence of papillae on the outer periclinal wall is not of taxonomic significance, leaf margin pattern, guard cell size, and sunken stomata type were useful for species‐level identification of Korean Iris species. The occurrence of polymorphic stomatal types was reported here for the first time, and the correlation between genome size and epidermal guard cell length was discussed.
Parenteral Nutrition Total Energy Dosing and Risk for Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection: A Case-Control Study

Background: Central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a complication of central venous access devices used for parenteral nutrition (PN). PN overfeeding is associated with increased adverse effects; however, whether risk for CLABSI is influenced by PN dosing is uncertain. Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess differences in CLABSI risk associated with recommended total energy dosing in hospitalized adult patients receiving PN. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a single United States Veterans Health Administration health system to assess the potential CLABSI risk factor of weight-based PN kilocalorie dosing. Hospitalized adult patients who developed CLABSI while receiving PN were identified and compared to a control group of patients who did not develop CLABSI. The exposures evaluated were overfeeding, defined as greater than 30 kcal/kg/day, and underfeeding, defined as less than 20 kcal/kg/day. Results: Twenty-nine cases of CLABSI were identified and compared with 274 controls. Odds of CLABSI were significantly higher in patients receiving greater than 30 kcal/kg/day (OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.55-8.48; P < .01). No significant difference in odds was found for patients receiving less than 20 kcal/kg/day (OR, .74; 95% CI, 0.21-2.57; P = .63). Conclusion: Increased risk for CLABSI in hospitalized adult patients receiving PN was found to be associated with overfeeding, but not underfeeding. These results may aid clinicians in the management of patients requiring PN and in the generation of hypothesis for future investigations.
Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans.

Psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder) are a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality and an overlooked health inequity in the United States. European data indicate inequities in incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly for Black communities, that appear to be primarily attributable to social adversities. The dominant US narrative is that any observed differences are primarily a result of clinician bias and misdiagnosis. We propose that employing the framework of structural racism will prompt European and US research to converge and consider the multifaceted drivers of inequities in psychotic disorders among Black Americans. In particular, we describe how historical and contemporary practices of (1) racialized policing and incarceration, and (2) economic exploitation and disinvestment, which are already linked to other psychiatric disorders, likely contribute to risks and experiences of psychotic disorders among Black Americans. This framework can inform new strategies to (1) document the role of racism in the incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders; and (2) dismantle how racism operates in the United States, including defunding the police, abolishing carceral systems, and redirecting funds to invest in neighborhoods, housing, and community-based crisis response and mental health care. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):624-632. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021. 306631).
Patients’ satisfaction with physiotherapy management of chronic mechanical neck pain in physiotherapy departments of public hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria: A mixed-method study

ABSTRACT Introduction The study was aimed at determining patients’ satisfaction level with physiotherapy in the management of chronic mechanical neck pain (CMNP) in physiotherapy departments of the 3 public hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A mixed-method design that involved 51 and five both purposively selected participants for the cross-sectional survey (CSS) and qualitative study, respectively. For the CSS, data was collected using the MedRisk instrument and analyzed using the Chi-square test at p ≤ . 05. For the qualitative study, patients’ satisfaction was explored through a focus group discussion (FGD) and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results For CSS, 49.0% and 7.8% of the participants reported excellent and fair satisfaction, respectively, with physiotherapy in the management of CMNP. There was no significant association of patients’ satisfaction level with: age (p = .588); sex (p = .851); and marital status (p = .409). For the FGD, three themes (patients’ experience with physiotherapists; patient satisfaction with physiotherapy services; patient satisfaction with other health care services) that emerged further explained that participants were satisfied with physiotherapy management of their CMNP. However, they were not satisfied with the attitude of the record officers, constancy of the same treating physiotherapists, and unavailability of resources. Conclusion Patients with CMNP are satisfied with the physiotherapy care they received.
Characterization of interlimb interaction via transcutaneous spinal stimulation of cervical and lumbar spinal enlargements.

The use of transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation (TSS) to modulate sensorimotor networks after neurological insult has garnered much attention from both researchers and clinicians in recent years. While many different stimulation paradigms have been reported, the interlimb effects of these neuromodulation techniques have been little studied. The effects of multi-site TSS on interlimb sensorimotor function are of particular interest in the context of neurorehabilitation, as these networks have been shown to be important for functional recovery following neurological insult. The current study utilized a condition-test paradigm to investigate the effects of inter-enlargement TSS on spinal motor excitability in both cervical and lumbosacral motor pools. Additionally, comparison was made between the conditioning effects of lumbosacral and cervical TSS and peripheral stimulation of the fibular nerve and ulnar nerve, respectively. In 16/16 supine, relaxed participants, facilitation of spinally evoked motor responses (sEMRs) in arm muscles was seen in response to lumbosacral TSS or fibular nerve stimulation, while facilitation of sEMRs in leg muscles was seen in response to cervical TSS or ulnar nerve stimulation. The decreased latency between TSS- and peripheral nerve- evoked conditioning implicate interlimb networks in the observed facilitation of motor output. The results demonstrate the ability of multi-site TSS to engage interlimb networks, resulting in the bidirectional influence of cervical and lumbosacral motor output. The engagement of interlimb networks via TSS of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargement represents a feasible method for engaging spinal sensorimotor networks in clinical populations with compromised motor function.
Terpinen-4-ol inhibits the proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer cells by downregulating Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2

ABSTRACT Terpinen-4-ol (T4O), a compound isolated from the seeds of turmeric, has exhibited anti-malignancy, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies. However, the specific effects and molecular mechanisms of T4O on pancreatic cancer (PC) cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that T4O markedly suppressed PC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and induced apoptosis. Similarly, T4O significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of PC cells in vitro. Through RNA sequencing, 858 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were enriched in the Rhodopsin (RHO)/ Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) signaling pathway. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2), a DEG enriched in the RHO/RHOA signaling pathway, was considered as a key target of T4O in PC cells; it was significantly reduced after T4O treatment, highly expressed in PC tissues, and negatively associated with patient outcome. Overexpression of ROCK2 significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of T4O on PC cell proliferation and mobility. Moreover, T4O inhibited cell proliferation in vivo and decreased the Ki-67, cell nuclear antigen, EMT markers, and ROCK2 expression. In conclusion, we consider that T4O can suppress the malignant biological behavior of PC by reducing the expression of ROCK2, thus contributing to PC therapy. Graphical abstract
Will the insulated‐tip radiofrequency catheter transform ablation procedures?

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been the most widely employed energy source for catheter ablation to date. However, most of conventional RF ablation energy dissipates into the bloodstream before reaching the target tissue. Technology that conveys RF energy exclusively toward target tissue may potentially improve the quality, safety, and outcome of the RF ablation procedures. RF ablation using a novel insulated‐tip catheter (Sirona Medical Technologies [SMT]) may refine RF ablation in the future to minimize the risk of iatrogenic complications. Although it is still unclear whether the results of the SMT catheter can be translated to a human beating heart, the data for SMT catheter of this study are very promising.
EFFECTS OF VISUAL FEEDBACK DURING BALANCE TRAINING ON KNEE FUNCTION AND BALANCE ABILITY IN POSTOPERATIVE PATIENTS AFTER KNEE FRACTURE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Objective To investigate the effects of visual feedback training on knee function and balance ability in postoperative patients with knee fracture. Methods A clinical randomized controlled trial with 104 participants, randomly assigned (1:1) to a visual feedback training group or a control group. Eligible participants were evaluated using Lysholm scores, the Tinetti scale, and the evaluation module of TecnoBody® to demonstrate dynamic balance function in a standing position before treatment and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Results Both visual feedback training and control groups improved significantly in the Lysholm and Tinetti scores after 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, the TecnoBody® tests included centre of pressure path length, and the area over centre of pressure movement, both of which significantly improved in the visual feedback training group at 8 weeks after treatment. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of their Lysholm scores and Tinetti gait before the intervention and 4 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Applying visual feedback training in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation strategies may improve knee function and motor control in postoperative patients with knee fracture. Although visual feedback training does not have a short-term effect on knee function and gait, this method could be a useful addition for rehabilitation of knee fracture patients. LAY ABSTRACT This study used the TecnoBody® (PK-254P, Bergamo, Italy) to evaluate balance in the standing position of all participants. This equipment provides data on the centre of pressure path length and the area over which the centre of pressure moves. The Lysholm score was used to assess knee function, and the Tinetti scale to assess motor control. Applying visual feedback training in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation strategies could decrease postural sway and increase motor control in postoperative patients with knee fracture, as well as subsequently improve knee function and balance ability. There were no adverse effects due to the combined rehabilitation programme.