Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IRIS Observations of Magnetic Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere between Preexisting and Emerging Magnetic Fields. I. Overall Evolution

We report multiwavelength ultraviolet observations taken with the IRIS satellite, concerning the emergence phase in the upper chromosphere and transition region of an emerging flux region (EFR) embedded in the preexisting field of active region NOAA 12529 in the Sun. IRIS data are complemented by full-disk observations of the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite, relevant to the photosphere and the corona. The photospheric configuration of the EFR is also analyzed by measurements taken with the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode satellite, when the EFR was fully developed. Recurrent intense brightenings that resemble UV bursts, with counterparts in all coronal passbands, are identified at the edges of the EFR. Jet activity is also observed at chromospheric and coronal levels, near the observed brightenings. The analysis of the IRIS line profiles reveals the heating of dense plasma in the low solar atmosphere and the driving of bidirectional high-velocity flows with speed up to 100 km s−1 at the same locations. Compared with previous observations and numerical models, these signatures suggest evidence of several long-lasting, small-scale magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging bipole and the ambient field. This process leads to the cancellation of a preexisting photospheric flux concentration and appears to occur higher in the atmosphere than usually found in UV bursts, explaining the observed coronal counterparts.
Understanding co-creativity in real-world problem solving in project-based learning in higher education

The present study constitutes a preliminary effort to frame co-creativity, project-based learning and real-world problem-solving under a cultural historical activity theory framework. The paper establishes co-creativity as collective concept formation in the wild and collective mediation as primary elements for the study of real-world problem solving in higher education. This study aims at bridging gaps between co-creative real-world problem solving in higher education and knowledge, competency, action between higher education and the real world
Analysis And Improvement Of Inventory System Development With More Security And Searching Tools

This paper introduces the goal is to give the store a system with improved and more flexible functionality by suggesting a sales and inventory management system as a replacement for outdated manual methods. The system's goal is to offer tools for more effectively controlling the store's inventory. The paper scope will concentrate on elements like databases, report generation, standard control (QA), and the store's point of sale to meet the determined objectives. The system is anticipated to produce a user-friendly user interface that is simple enough for those without an IT background to operate
Stretched Exponential Relaxation of Glasses: Origin of the Mixed Alkali Effect

Although it is indeed commonly believed that, as frozen supercooled liquids, glasses should continue to flow over the years (e.g., in the case of the stained-glass windows of medieval cathedrals), the dramatic increase of their viscosity below the glass transition temperature suggests, on the contrary, that their relaxation time is on the order of 10$^{32}$ years at room temperature. However, a recent study conducted by Mauro et al. reported the intriguing dynamics of the relaxation of a commercial Corning Gorilla Glass at room temperature, over 1.5 years. Here, we report a novel atomistic simulation method allowing us to directly access the long-term (years) dynamics of glass relaxation at room temperature. Based on the simulation of a series of mixed alkali silicate glasses, we demonstrate that room-temperature relaxation is a direct consequence of the mixed alkali effect. Although both volume and energy feature a stretched exponential relaxation, our results reveal a bifurcation of the stretching exponents, with $\beta$ = 3/5 and 3/7 for energy and volume relaxation, respectively. Relaxation is found to occur through the diffusion of local stressed structural instabilities inside the atomic network, which anneal each other when a compressed atomic unit meets one that is under tension. The driving force for such diffusion-trap relaxation mechanism is found to be at a maximum when the concentrations of each alkali atom equal each other, which arises from a balance between the concentration of each alkali atom and the magnitude of the local stress that they undergo.
On Random Fragmentations Arising From Binary Splitting

ABSTRACT We investigate a process for randomly fragmenting an interval based on random conservative binary cascades. Here, there is a probability p of splitting and a probability 1 − p of not splitting at each step of a binary Galton-Watson (BGW) fragmentation process. The overall effect of the opportunity of not splitting is to stabilize the global number of splitting events. When splitting occurs, parental mass is shared between the two child fragments at random, the partition law being a Dirichlet D 2(θ), θ > 0, distribution. Some statistical features of this BGW (θ, p)-fragmentation model are studied, including the fragment size distribution, the partition and moment functions, the structure of the underlying random fragmentation tree, the occurrence of a phase transition and the contribution by small fragments to total mass. Questions related to size-biased or unbiased sampling are also investigated such as: The size of a size-biased sample, the height of the Most Recent Common Ancestor of two distinct size-biased sampled fragments and the number of distinct observations in a k − sample from BGW(θ, p).
Endoscopic Enucleation of Prostate Could Increase Testosterone Levels in Hypotestosteronemic Patients with Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Background: We evaluated the impact of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate on testosterone levels in hypotestosteronemic patients with bladder outlet obstruction. Methods: We enrolled 294 men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) who received surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 in simple tertiary centre. The inclusion criteria were as follows: being a male patient aged 45–95 years and having recurrent urinary tract infection, having previously failed medical treatment for LUTS or urine retention, and undergoing bipolar or thulium laser enucleation of the prostate. The preoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively reviewed. Results: This study included 112 men with a mean age of 69.4 years. The mean preoperative and postoperative testosterone levels were 4.8 and 4.98, respectively. Of the patients, 88 (78.6%) received ThuLEP and 24 received BipolEP. We divided the patients into two groups according to preoperative serum testosterone levels: normal-testosterone (≥3 ng/mL) and low-testosterone (<3 ng/mL) groups. A significant change in testosterone levels (p = 0.025) was observed in the low-testosterone group. In contrast, no significant difference in testosterone levels was noted in the normal-testosterone group (p = 0.698). Conclusions: Endoscopic enucleation surgery of the prostate could improve postoperative testosterone levels in hypotestosteronemic patients with bladder outlet obstruction.
Development and characterization of a formulation based covalent conjugation with polyacrylic acid and recombinant major surface antigen (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasma gondii’nin Rekombinant Major Yüzey Antijeni (SAG1) ile Poliakrilik Asitin Kovalent Konjugasyonuna Dayalı Formülasyonun Geliş

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a major disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that infects approximately half the world’s population. The development of an effective vaccine would be extremely valuable for preventing disease. SAG1 is a major surface antigen of parasites and one of the most antigenic proteins of T. gondii . Developing highly antigenic and effective vaccine formulations using new generations of adjuvants and delivery systems is very important. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a polymer that increases the immunogenicity of an antigen to which it is covalently linked. The aim of this study was to develop a new formulation candidate with high stability and immunogenicity potential against toxoplasmosis via a covalent conjugation of PAA and the SAG1 protein. Methods: PAA and SAG1 were covalently conjugated using a water-soluble carbodiimide crosslinker that activates carboxyl groups for spontaneous reaction with primary amines. To demonstrate conjugation of these molecules in size exclusion chromatography (SEC), fluorescence spectroscopy was used. Results: For the first time, one of the most important surface antigens of T. gondii was conjugated to a PAA polymer, SEC and fluorescence spectra results. Discussion and conclusion: The obtained SAG1-PAA conjugate can be used for vaccine development against T. gondii in future.
Self-induced conversion in dense neutrino gases: Pendulum in flavour space

Neutrino-neutrino interactions can lead to collective ﬂavour conversion eﬀects in supernovae and in the early universe. We demonstrate that the case of “bipolar” oscillations, where a dense gas of neutrinos and antineutrinos in equal numbers completely converts from one ﬂavour to another even if the mixing angle is small, is equivalent to a pendulum in ﬂavour space. Bipolar ﬂavour conversion corresponds to the swinging of the pendulum, which begins in an unstable upright position (the initial ﬂavour), and passes through momentarily the vertically downward position (the other ﬂavour) in the course of its motion. The time scale to complete one cycle of oscillation depends logarithmically on the vacuum mixing angle. Likewise, the presence of an ordinary medium can be shown analytically to contribute to a logarithmic increase in the bipolar conversion period. We further ﬁnd that a more complex (and realistic) system of unequal numbers of neutrinos and antineutrinos is analogous to a spinning top subject to a torque. This analogy easily explains how such a system can oscillate in both the bipolar and the synchronised mode, depending on the neutrino density and the size of the neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry. Our simple model applies strictly only to isotropic neutrino gasses. In more general cases, and especially for neutrinos streaming from a supernova core, diﬀerent modes couple to each other with unequal strength, an eﬀect that can lead to kinematical decoherence in ﬂavour space rather than collective oscillations. The exact circumstances under which collective oscillations occur in non-isotropic media remain to be understood.
A Dynamical Analysis of the Poor Galaxy Clusters Abell 2626 and Abell 2440

We use 189 new radial velocities, an $R$ band CCD mosiac, archival X-ray images, and gas temperatures to study substructure, masses, luminosity functions, and mass-to-light ratios in A2626 and A2440. The symmetric X-ray emission from A2626 suggests a relaxed, single-component system; however, 159 redshifts reveals a complex, three component cluster at cz~17,500km/s. One components is a typical X-ray bright cluster, a second has a cluster-like galaxy population with lower central galaxy and gas density, and the third is a background structure with field galaxy composition. A comparison of the magnitude distributions within the two subclusters suggests that A2626 is a merger in progress. Virial masses and a composite luminosity function for a region with projected radius r=1.5h^{-1}Mpc yield a mass to light ratio M/L_R~610h. Analysis of the X-ray emission from the primary component yields a gas mass fraction of 2.2h^{-3/2}% and a baryon fraction of 3.4%. A radial infall model implies that the virial mass may be an underestimate. In A2440, deep CCD $R$ band photometry indicates a striking correspondence between the galaxy and gas distributions. The galaxy distribution has three main components, each associated with a giant elliptical galaxy. The two larger peaks in the galaxy distribution coincide with the primary peaks in the X-ray emission, and the third is associated with a significant X-ray surface brightness enhancement. We use this galaxy-gas correspondence and 48 redshifts to argue that the subclusters are bound within a single system, and that the two primary components are beginning to merge. The composite luminosity function and estimates of the subcluster virial masses indicate a mass-to-light ratio from 660h to 880h.
Magnetar as Central Engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Central Engine–Jet Connection, Wind–Jet Energy Partition, and Origin of Some Ultra-long Bursts

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) central engines and jet production mechanisms are still open questions. Assuming that the shallow decay segments of canonical X-ray afterglow light curves of Swift GRBs are attributed to the magnetic dipole (MD) radiations of newly born magnetars, we derive the parameters of the magnetars and explore their possible relations to jet and MD wind emission. We show that the magnetar initial spin period (P0) are tightly correlated with the jet energy (Ejet), which is almost proportional to the wind energy (Ewind). Our least-squares fits yield and . These relations may imply that a magnetar with faster rotating speed can power a more energetic GRB, and energy partition between the jet and wind may be quasi-universal. Although the P0−Ejet relation is driven by a few sub-energetic GRBs in our sample, our Monte Carlo simulation analysis shows that sample selection biases from instrumental flux limits and contaminations of the bright jet afterglows cannot make this correlation. Within this jet–wind paradigm, we propose that GRB 101225A-like ultra-long GRBs, whose prompt gamma-ray/X-ray light curves are featured as a long-lasting plateau with a sharp drop, may be the orphan MD wind emission being due to misalignment of their jet axis to the light of sight. We briefly discuss the orphan MD wind emission and its association with the gravitational-wave radiation of newly born magnetars.
Acute Pancreatitis in Childhood

Objectives This study aimed to describe etiology, management, and health outcomes of children developing acute pancreatitis at a tertiary Thailand pediatric surgery center. Methods Medical case records of all index cases during 2006–2016 were analyzed and reported. Results There were 42 male and 37 female patients, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 10.4 (4.5) years, included in the study. Medications were the commonest etiology for 39.3% of acute pancreatitis attacks, 11.4% for biliary tract disease cases, and 8% for postinterventional studies. In 30% of cases, no cause(s) was defined. Sixty-two patients (78.5%) had elevated serum lipase on hospital admission, whereas only 30.4% showed a raised amylase. Hospital stay was 15 days (interquartile range, 6–27 days). Two major complications in the series were pseudocysts (8.8%) and necrotizing pancreatitis (7.6%). Etiological factors and/or antibiotics were not directly linked to any specific complications. Seventeen children (22.8%) had 1 recurrent episode of acute pancreatitis documented. Mortality rate in index cases was 28%, with a higher percentage harboring a preexisting illness (34.4% vs 5.6%; P = 0.01) and in male than in female patients (41% vs 14%; P = 0.01). Conclusions Deaths from pediatric acute pancreatitis are more prevalent in male individuals and those with a preexisting illness. Targeted strategies aimed at “highest-risk” patients may potentially offset mortality.
Complex Spectral Variability from Intensive Multiwavelength Monitoring of Markarian 421 in 1998

We conducted a multifrequency campaign for the TeV blazar Markarian 421 in 1998 April. The campaign started from a pronounced high-amplitude flare recorded by BeppoSAX and Whipple; the ASCA observation started 3 days later. In the X-ray data, we detected multiple flares, occurring on timescales of about 1 day. ASCA data clearly reveal spectral variability. The comparison of the data from ASCA, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, and the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer indicates that the variability amplitudes in the low-energy synchrotron component are larger at higher photon energies. In TeV γ-rays, large intraday variations—which were correlated with the X-ray flux—were observed when results from three Cerenkov telescopes were combined. The rms variability of TeV γ-rays was similar to that observed in hard X-rays, above 10 keV. The X-ray light curve reveals flares that are almost symmetric for most cases, implying that the dominant timescale is the light crossing time through the emitting region. The structure function analysis based on the continuous X-ray light curve of 7 days indicates that the characteristic timescale is ~0.5 days. The analysis of ASCA light curves in various energy bands appears to show both soft (positive) and hard (negative) lags. These may not be real, as systematic effects could also produce these lags, which are all much smaller than an orbit. If the lags of both signs are real, these imply that the particle acceleration and X-ray cooling timescales are similar.
Guarding Serverless Applications with Kalium

As an emerging application paradigm, serverless computing attracts attention from more and more adversaries. Unfor-tunately, security tools for conventional web applications cannot be easily ported to serverless computing due to its distributed nature, and existing serverless security solutions focus on enforcing user specified information flow policies which are unable to detect the manipulation of the order of functions in application control flow paths. In this paper, we present Kalium , an extensible security framework that leverages local function state and global application state to enforce control-flow integrity (CFI) in serverless applications. We evaluate the performance overhead and security of Kalium using realistic open-source applications; our results show that Kalium mitigates several classes of attacks with relatively low performance overhead and outperforms the state-of-the-art serverless information flow protection systems.
An inverse solution to functional brain mapping in language processing using an eigensystem study

The algorithm developed in this study integrates a frequency analysis of key frequency bands (alpha, beta, delta, and theta) with an inverse solution using the principal component analysis (PCA) to validate brain functional mappings associated with the characterization effects of an auditory/comprehension task. The results are found to be consistent with earlier findings involving the Wernicke and Broca's brain areas in relation to language comprehension. These cortical areas were discovered in 1874 and 1861 respectively, to be associated with the language comprehension and production. In support of these findings, spectral arrays and topographic maps are used for both listening and answering phases. The areas most responsible for the language comprehension were reverse-detected by means of an innovative search algorithm that iteratively relocates electrodes based on the direction of increasing PCA outcomes. The inverse PCA reveals that eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalues produce an interesting activity pattern directly attributable to those characteristic behaviors found in the different frequency bands. The clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) data involved nine subjects at Miami Children's Hospital using the Electrical Source Imaging system with 256 electrodes.
Chemical sensors using peptide-functionalized conducting polymer nanojunction arrays

We demonstrate a heavy metal-ion sensor for drinking water analysis using a conducting polymer nanojunction array. Each nanojunction is formed by bridging a pair of nanoelectrodes separated with a small gap (<60nm) with electrodeposited peptide-modified polyanilines. The signal transduction mechanism of the sensor is based on the change in the nanojunction conductance as a result of polymer conformational changes induced by the metal-ion chelating peptide. The nanojunction sensor allows real-time detection of Cu2+ and Ni2+ at ppt range.
Brane gravity at low energy

Four dimensional gravity in the low energy limit of a higher dimensional theory has been expected to be a (generalized) Brans-Dicke theory. A subtle point in brane world scenarios is that the system of four dimensional effective gravitational equations is not closed due to bulk gravitational waves and bulk scalars. Nonetheless, weak gravity on the brane can be analyzed completely. We reexamine the theory of weak brane gravity using gauge-invariant gravitational and scalar perturbations around a background warped geometry with a bulk scalar between two flat branes. We obtain a simple condition for the radion stabilization in terms of the scalar field potentials. We show that for general potentials of the scalar field which provides radion stabilization and a general conformal transformation to a frame in which matter on the branes are minimally coupled to the metric, 4-dimensional Einstein gravity, not BD gravity, is restored at low energies on either brane. In contrast, in RS brane world scenario without a bulk scalar, low energy gravity is a BD one. We conjecture that in general brane world scenarios with more than one scalar field one will again encounter the situation that low energy gravity is not described by the Einstein theory. Equipped with the weak gravity results, we discuss the properties of 4D brane gravitational equations, in particular, the value and sign of 4D Newton gravitational coupling.
Observations of the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability Driven by Dynamic Motions in a Solar Prominence

Prominences are incredibly dynamic across the whole range of their observable spatial scales, with observations revealing gravity-driven fluid instabilities, waves, and turbulence. With all of these complex motions, it would be expected that instabilities driven by shear in the internal fluid motions would develop. However, evidence of these have been lacking. Here we present the discovery in a prominence, using observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, of a shear flow instability, the Kelvin–Helmholtz sinusoidal-mode of a fluid channel, driven by flows in the prominence body. This finding presents a new mechanism through which we can create turbulent motions from the flows observed in quiescent prominences. The observation of this instability in a prominence highlights their great value as a laboratory for understanding the complex interplay between magnetic fields and fluid flows that play a crucial role in a vast range of astrophysical systems.