Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agro-Hydrological models to schedule irrigation of Mediterranean tree crops

In this paper a comparison between two agro-hydrological models, used to schedule irrigation of typical Mediterranean tree crops, is assessed. In particular the comparison between the model proposed by FAO, using a black box processes schematization, and the SWAP model based on the numerical analysis of Richards' equation is initially presented for two irrigation seasons, 2005 and 2006, and two Mediterranean tree crops, i.e. grapevine (Vitis vinifera, L.) and olive oil (Olea europea, L.). The comparison mainly focuses on hydrological balance components and on soil water contents. After investigating and setting the scheduling parameters ordinarily practiced by the framers in the area (i.e ordinary management), the performance of the two models aimed to evaluate seasonal water requirement and irrigation time, is assessed. In the validation phase both the models satisfactorily simulated the soil water content, allowing to obtain quite comparable values of evapotraspiration fluxes. On the other hand, when the models are used for scheduling irrigation, the FAO 56 model usually overestimates the irrigation amount, as a result of an overestimation of the transpiration fluxes. On the contrary the SWAP model simulates values of crops water requirements and a number of irrigation corresponding to those evaluated in the ordinary scheduling at the investigated area. Finally, in order to improve the FAO 56 model performance, a modification of the stress function is presented and discussed.
Foreground removal with ILC methods for AliCPT-1

One of the main goals of most future CMB experiments is the precise measurement of CMB B-mode polarization, whose major obstacle is the Galactic foregrounds. In this paper, we evaluate the foreground cleaning performance of the variants of the ILC method on partial sky B-modes and analyze the main sources of biases on the BB power spectrum. Specially, we compare the NILC, the cILC (in three domains) and the cMILC methods for AliCPT-1 simulations. We find that the cILC methods implemented in harmonic space and needlet space are both competent to clean different models of foregrounds, which bias the tensor-to-scalar ratio about 0.008 at maximum, and constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio to r<0.043 (95%CL) for the AliCPT-1 configuration. We also note that the deviation of the estimated noise bias from the actual one for ILC, dubbed the noise bias error (NBE) in this paper, might make significant effects on the power spectrum for a small footprint and low signal-to-noise ratio CMB experiment. We finally obtain its relation with respect to the noise residual which fits well with the simulated results.
Improving infrared vehicle detection with polarisation

Vehicle detection in infrared imagery can be a difficult task due to the presence of clutter and weak target signatures. However, the infrared polarimetric signature of vehicles can be strong and distinctive. Descriptors based on infrared polarimetric imagery are shown to provide improved vehicle detection performance above those based on infrared intensity alone. A new polarimetric histogram descriptor, built from the degree and angle of polarisation of a vehicle, is proposed.
A K-Band Wideband Air-Filled Coaxial Transmission Line With CNC-Machined Gap Waveguide Package

This paper reports on a new class of packaging scheme for air-filled self-suspended coaxial transmission lines (TLs) using gap waveguide technology. This scheme exploits a periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) architecture of the gap waveguide and the EBG structure behaves as an alternative for the outer conductor of the coaxial TL. The coaxial TL packaged with the gap waveguide is capable of realizing single TEM-mode transmission in a wide bandwidth, without wave leakage from air gaps of the gap waveguide due to the attractive EBG characteristic. A gap-waveguide-packaged 50$-\Omega$ air-filled square coaxial TL operating at K band is designed and implemented. The TL is made out of copper by employing computer numerical controlled machining process. The manufactured TL demonstrates at 16-28 GHz an insertion loss (IL) of 0. 36-1.09dB (an estimated attenuation factor of lower than 0.35 dB/cm excluding the IL from RF connectors) and a group delay of 0.1-0.19 ns. The work indicates extensive applicability of the gap waveguide in the packaging of other air-filled coaxial TL-based passive components.
The Influencing Factors of Rural Household Energy ConsumptionStructure in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China:A Case Study of Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province

No-commercial energy like firewood and straw is the basic livelihood asset onwhich the rural households in poverty-stricken and mountainous areas rely.Over-harvestingfirewood is one of the dominant factors for soil erosion and deforestation in ecologicallyfrangible region.Mountainous areas of Southwest China are poverty-stricken areas andecologically frangible region as well.This study investigates the rural energy consumptioncharacteristics by 946 survey questionnaires in the city of Zhaotong,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.Overall,coal is the dominant energy,and the second is by non-commercialor traditional energy such as firewood and straw,followed by electricity and biogasutilization.Meanwhile,energy consumption structure of rural households displays a markedspatial distribution,with coal dominated at flat river valley areas and firewood concentratedin mountainous areas.Moreover,this study also analyzes the factors affecting the proportionof non-commercial and commercial energy consumption by the Tobit model.The results showthat(1) Firewood and straw consumption is affected mainly by the per-capita forest land andper-capita arable land,while coal is subject to price,availability and accessibility. (2) Withthe increase of per-capita income,the proportion of the non-commercial energy would declinewhile the proportion of coal and electric energy would rise.However,it is difficult forpoverty-stricken areas such as mountainous areas of Southwest China to upgrade the energyconsumption structure due to living assets shortage and low income. (3) Development ofeducation and expansion of employment in non-agricultural industry are helpful forhouseholds in this region to reduce the proportion of traditional energy and increase theproportion of commercial energy consumption.Only in this way can their energyconsumption structure be changed.
Urban - Rural Discrepancies of low - income Women - headed Households in Malaysia

INTRODUCTION : Malaysia's rapid economic growth and rising living costs have affected the lives of lower-income B40. This population group acquire less than 3,855 Malaysian Ringgit (892.26 US Dollars) per month. This study aims to determine the health status, quality of life (QOL) and needs of B40 women in an urban and rural area in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A total of 300 B40 women from Beranang (Selangor) and Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, participated in a cross-sectional study concerning their needs, health status, and QOL using semi-guided instruments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified QOL and health status factors. RESULTS : Rural (OR=10.68; 95% CI=1.85-61.10) and poor urban participants (OR=8.54; 95% CI 2.36-15.62), with the higher income households were healthier. Government hospital patients in Beranang were healthier (OR=9.52; 95% CI=2.64-24.10). Staying alone (OR = 8.33; 95% CI=2.94-25.00) and non-recipient of government aid, Bantuan Sara Hidup (BSH) (OR=3.85; 95% CI=1.10-13.43) was associated with poor health status among KL poor B40 women. B40 women's QOL was predicted by marriage (OR=14.28; 95% CI=1.81-24.54), not staying alone (OR=2.04; 95% CI=1.13-5.88), recipient of BSH (OR = 28.83; 95% CI=10.11-71.13), and absence of an underlying disease (OR=5.90; 95% CI=1.26-33.93). Meanwhile, the odds of meeting B40 women needs was associated with lower ages (40-49 years) (OR=21.00; 95% CI 2.25-34.56), absence of an underlying diseases (OR=32.10; 95% CI 4.62-124.56), recipient of BSH (OR=30.49; 95% 5.92-64.01), and married status (OR=19.61; 95% CI 1.42-27.15). CONCLUSION : B40 women's QOL, health status, and ability to meet basic needs in Beranang and KL are diverse. Policymakers and relevant authorities should consider these factors to improve the QOL and health status of B40 women and women-headed households in Malaysia.
) A Review of Theory and Practice

Scientometrics is the study of the quantitative aspects of the process of science as a communication system. It is centrally, but not only, concerned with the analysis of citations in the academic literature. In recent years it has come to play a major role in the measurement and evaluation of research performance. In this review we consider: the historical development of scientometrics, sources of citation data, citation metrics and the “laws" of scientometrics, normalisation, journal impact factors and other journal metrics, visualising and mapping science, evaluation and policy, and future developments.
A Comprehensive Technique Based on Machine Learning for Device and Circuit Modeling of Gate-All-Around Nanosheet Transistors

Machine learning (ML) is poised to play an important part in advancing the predicting capability in semiconductor device compact modeling domain. One major advantage of ML-based compact modeling is its ability to capture complex relationships and patterns in large datasets. Therefore, in this paper a novel design scheme based on dynamically adaptive neural network (DANN) is proposed to develop fast and accurate compact model (CM). This framework constitutes a powerful yet computationally efficient methodology and exhibits emergent dynamic behaviors. This paper demonstrates that the compact model based on ML can be designed to replicate the performance of conventional compact model for nanodevices. For this work, gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet (NS) device characteristics are comprehensively analyzed for process variability sources using the proposed model. The device geometry parameters such as channel length, nanosheet width and nanosheet thickness are fed as input features to the DANN model. The adaptive neural network learns dynamically by updating weights of the model in accordance with the input features and achieves accurate neural weight convergence. The proposed model predicted the electrical characteristics of NS devices with less than 1% error rate. The model is also implemented and validated for the simulations of digital circuit designs such as inverter, and logic gates.
Meander-Line Slots Based Miniaturized Inset-Fed Patch-Sensor Antenna for Water Characterization Technique

This article presents a miniaturized size Microstrip-patch sensor structure based on meander-line slot for water-quality and salinity measurement applications. The HFSS-software tool is employed to design and simulate the proposed sensor. The proposed sensor is printed on $60\times 50\times 1~mm^{3}$ a dielectric material of FR-4 type. The meander-line slot resonator is inserted in the patch-sensor for miniaturize with the sensitivity enhancement. In order to contain the water sample that wants to be tested, a receptacle with dimensions of $47.75\times 50\times 4~mm^{3}$ is mounted on the sensor structure. The receptacle is made from PTFE-Teflon dielectric material. The miniaturize sensor is noticed resonant at 2.74 GHz for unloaded-state. Furthermore, it’s found resonant at; 2.44 GHz, 2.49 GHz, and 2.5 GHz for DI-water, fresh-water and sea-water respectfully. The miniaturized-sensor is showed good sensing values that equals to 0.901 for DI-water, 0.751 for fresh-water, and 0.721 for Sea-water. Finally, a good agreement is showed between the measurement results and those from simulation.
Migration of Mn‐rich fluids through normal faults and fine‐grained terrigenous sediments during early development of the Neogene Vallès‐Penedès half‐graben (NE Spain)

The Miocene siliciclastic sediments infilling the Valles-Penedes half-graben are affected by two sets of structures developed during the extensional tectonics that created the basin. The first set, represented by extension fractures infilled with mud and sands, is attributed to seismically induced liquefaction. The second set, represented by normal faults, corresponds to a high-permeability horsetail extensional fracture mesh developed near the surface in the hanging walls of normal faults. The incremental character of the vein-fills indicates episodic changes in the tectonic stress state and fault zone permeability. Two episodes of fluid migration are recorded. The first episode occurred prior to consolidation and lithification when shallow burial conditions allowed oxidizing meteoric waters to flow horizontally through the more porous and permeable sandy layers. Development of clastic dikes allowed local upward flow and dewatering of the sandy beds. Liquefaction and expulsion of fluids were probably driven by seismic shaking. During the first episode of fluid migration there was no cementation of the sandstone or within the fractures, probably because little fluid was mobilized by the predominantly compaction-driven flow regime. The second episode of fluid migration occurred synchronously with normal fault development, during which time the faults acted as fluid conduits. Fluids enriched in manganese, probably leached from local manganese oxyhydroxides soon after sedimentation, moved laterally and produced cementation in the sandstone layers, eventually arriving at the more porous and permeable fault pathways that connected compartments of different porosities and permeabilities. Carbonate probably precipitated in fractures saturated with meteoric water near the ground surface at a transitional redox potential. Once the faults became occluded by calcite cement, shortly after fault development, they became barriers to both vertical and horizontal fluid flow.
Experimental Study of the Efficiency of a Non-Isolated Bridge Converter

The article describes an experimental study of the efficiency of a non-isolated bridge converter. To determine the losses during the operation of bridge converters, non-isolated converters are often used, which can be used to judge switching losses. Formulas for calculating switching losses are given. The experimental setup is described, the work waveforms and photographs are given. The experiments were carried out at different switching frequencies (100 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz,5 kHz and 10 kHz) and input voltages (10 V, 25 V, 50 V, 100 V and 150 V). Based on the data, the efficiency and the relative voltage drop are calculated. Graphical dependences between the efficiency of the converter on the input voltage and switching frequency are constructed. Recommendations for improving the efficiency and reliability of the converter are given.
"INCOPERATING GIS IN WATER RESOURCES MODELLING: Application of SWAT 2005 Model in Sungai Kurau, Perak and CCHE2D Model in Tasik Harapan USM, Penang"

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS is gaining its popularity with the water and environmental related applications. Many mathematical models have incorporated or integrate the GIS application to generate inputs and display output or as interface for the entire modelling processes. This paper is to demonstrate the use of ArcView as the interface for the mathematical modelling at the river basin level using Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) 2005 and as a tool to assist the data input for the two dimensional modelling using CCHE2D. The SWAT models with GIS interface were used to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment and agricultural chemical yields in Sungai Kurau basin in term of water quality and water quantity. From the calibration and validation results of SWAT show the observed and predicted data are close to each other in terms of magnitude and timing. Meanwhile for CCHE2D, the GIS software was used to assist the modeller in finding the locations of areas having potential instability problem that might occur in Tasik Harapan. The results show that GIS is a versatile tool for water resources management, either as an interface as for SWAT or as an aid for the modelling as for CCHE2D.
The Surface-Layer Heat Balance in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part I: Mean Seasonal Cycle*

Abstract The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific is examined in order to determine the processes responsible for the mean seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST). Principal datasets include multiyear time series of surface winds, upper-ocean temperature, and velocity obtained from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy array at four locations along the equator in the western (165°E), central (170°W), and eastern (140° and 110°W) Pacific. A blended satellite–in situ SST product and climatological surface heat fluxes based on the Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set are also used. Changes in heat storage, horizontal heat advection, and heat fluxes at the surface are estimated directly from data; vertical fluxes of heat out of the base of the mixed layer are calculated as a residual. Results indicate that, of the terms that can be directly estimated, the net surface heat flux is generally the largest term in heat balance. Zonal heat advection is important at all locations and is gen.
Cellular and Molecular Biology

: MicroRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression thus playing a critical role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, a growing number of evidences highlights that miRNAs themselves are differentially expressed between normal and malignant tissues. In this study, we analysed differences in miRNA expression profile between haematological and epithelial tumor-derived cell lines and explored their role in definying different cancer cells phenotypes. Cancer Focus microRNA PCR Panel was used to analyze eighty-four oncomiRNAs in two human haematological (K562 and HL-60) and in two epithelial (H460 and MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify miRNA-specific signatures and to discover potentially deregulated pathways. Our analysis led to the identification of i) a large repertoire of miRNAs commonly expressed in the four cell lines, including two equally highly expressed (UPmiRs) and four equally low expressed (DNmiRs); ii) two miRNAs signatures, one associated with the haematological and one with the epithelial cell lines; iii) miRNA signatures specific for the acute or for the chronic myeloid leukemic cells; iv) miRNA signatures specific for the lung or for the breast carcinoma cells. As a whole, these results strengthen the significance of miRNAs profiling in human cancer subtyping, provid - ing the ground for the identification of novel potential biomarkers for specific cancer cell phenotypes.
Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology.

Guidelines and Expert Consensus documents aim to present all the relevant evidence on a particular issue in order to help physicians to weigh the benefits and risks of a particular diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. They should be helpful in everyday clinical decision-making. A great number of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and by different organizations and other related societies. This profusion can put at stake the authority and validity of guidelines, which can only be guaranteed if they have been developed by an unquestionable decision-making process. This is one of the reasons why the ESC and others have issued recommendations for formulating and issuing Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents. In spite of the fact that standards for issuing good quality Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents are well defined, recent surveys of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents published in peer-reviewed journals between 1985 and 1998 have shown that methodological standards were not complied with in the vast majority of cases. It is therefore of great importance that guidelines and recommendations are presented in formats that are easily interpreted. Subsequently, their implementation programmes must also be well conducted. Attempts have been made to determine whether guidelines improve the quality of clinical practice and the utilization of health resources. The ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) supervises and coordinates the preparation of new Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents produced by Task Forces, expert groups or consensus panels. The chosen experts in these writing panels are asked to provide disclosure statements of all relationships they may have which might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. These disclosure forms are kept on file at the European Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. The Committee is also responsible for the …
Bring old mural images to life

This research focuses on the detection and digital restoration of cracks in ancient frescoes using a CNN model. The proposed method effectively preserves the detailed information of the frescoes and minimizes damage to the original artwork during the restoration process. The CNN model is employed to digitally repair the mural and optimize the repair performance by adjusting the parameters to achieve a natural-looking restoration of any cracks. Experimental results demonstrate the notable advantages of the proposed model in the digital restoration of murals and provide an effective method for the conservation and preservation of ancient frescoes. This study also holds significant implications for the technological advancements in the field of mural restoration and heritage conservation, contributing to progress and innovation in related areas.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Beamforming Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted mmWave Massive MU-MISO Systems

This study proposes a joint design approach for hybrid beamforming and reflecting beamforming in an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted millimeter-wave massive multiuser multiple-input single-output system. The goal is to maximize energy efficiency using energy- and hardware-efficient hybrid beamforming architectures at the base station and low-resolution (e.g., 1–2 bits) phase shifters at the IRS. However, the problem of maximizing energy efficiency is complicated by the high coupling of design variables. To address this, we use a zero-force (ZF) beamforming technique as the digital component of hybrid beamforming and develop a probability learning algorithm based on a cross-entropy optimization (CEO) framework to determine the weights of the analog part of hybrid beamforming as well as IRS phase shifts simultaneously. Additionally, we seek to maximize spatial reuse benefits by increasing the size of the IRS while selecting only a limited number of IRS elements to improve spectral and energy efficiency while minimizing power consumption. This involves joint optimization of hybrid beamforming, IRS element selection, and phase shifts associated with the chosen IRS elements. Solving this problem is challenging, but the proposed ZF-assisted CEO algorithm can still be applied with slight modifications. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms achieve significantly better energy efficiency than competitors while maintaining reasonable spectral efficiency.