Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An In Vitro and In Silico Perspective Study of Seed Priming with Zinc on the Phytotoxicity and Accumulation Pattern of Arsenic in Rice Seedlings

Arsenic (As) contamination of the rice agro-ecosystem is a major concern for rice farmers of South East Asia as it imposes a serious threat to human and animal life; thus, there is an unrelenting need to explore the ways by which arsenic stress mitigation could be achieved. In the present investigation, we explore the effect of zinc (Zn2+) supplementation using the seed priming technique for the mitigation of As-induced stress responses in developing rice seedlings. In addition to the physiological and biochemical attributes, we also studied the interactive effect of Zn2+ in regulating As-induced changes by targeting antioxidant enzymes using a computational approach. Our findings suggest that Zn2+ and As can effectively modulate redox homeostasis by limiting ROS production and thereby confer protection against oxidative stress. The results also show that As had a significant impact on seedling growth, which was restored by Zn2+ and also minimized the As uptake. A remarkable outcome of the present investigation is that the varietal difference was significant in determining the efficacy of the Zn2+ priming. Further, based on the findings of computational studies, we observed differences in the surface overlap of the antioxidant target enzymes of rice, indicating that the Zn2+ might have foiled the interaction of As with the enzymes. This is undoubtedly a fascinating approach that interprets the mode of action of the antioxidative enzymes under the metal/metalloid-tempted stress condition in rice by pointing at designated targets. The results of the current investigation are rationally significant and may be the pioneering beginning of an exciting and useful method of integrating physiological and biochemical analysis together with a computational modelling approach for evaluating the stress modulating effects of Zn2+ seed priming on As-induced responses in developing rice seedlings.
Scapular force: Couple ratios in healthy shoulders – An observational study reflecting typical values

Background Scapular stability is primarily maintained through the action of the scapular stabilisers and not through bony stability. The values of the force couple ratios of the scapular stabilisers remain largely unknown. Objectives To determine typical scapular force couple strength ratios in the pain-free shoulders of healthy female and male participants. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. The muscle strength of the serratus anterior upper and lower fibres, the upper, middle and lower trapezius and the rhomboids (in both shoulders) were determined in kilogram force (kgf) using a handheld dynamometer. The ratios of the force couples of the scapulae of both shoulders of the participants were calculated. Participants (both female and male) with healthy shoulders were recruited from the general public (a local university, schools, church groups and sport clubs). We mainly utilised descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results Force couple ratios were as follows (means, with SD). Dominant arm in women: upper trapezius:lower trapezius 3.63 (0.97); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 1.97 (0.27); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.40 (0.10); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.41 (0.21); lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.74 (0.17). Dominant arm in men: upper trapezius:lower trapezius = 2.70 (0.72); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 2.15 (0.45); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.47 (0.12); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.40 (0.31) and lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.17 (0.6). Conclusion Specific force couple strength ratios were determined, between and within the nondominant and the dominant arms of the shoulders of healthy women and men. Clinical implications Scapular stability is mainly maintained through the optimal force couple balance of the scapular stabilisers.
Avalanches in directed complex networks of neurons connected by stochastic synapses

Directed complex network of two-state model neurons linked by synapses which can be blocked or activated stochastically in time undergoes phase transition between the quiescent phase with zero activity and the active one with persistent activity. Avalanches of activity appear in the quiescent phase after occasional excitation of randomly chosen neuron. Size and duration distributions of long avalanches which we observe near phase transition point are exponential. Only a small fraction of all neurons are active at any moment of a long avalanche.
Introduction to the Theory of Atmospheric Radiative Transfer

The fundamental physical and mathematical principles governing the transmission of radiation through the atmosphere are presented, with emphasis on the scattering of visible and near-IR radiation. The classical two-stream, thin-atmosphere, and Eddington approximations, along with some of their offspring, are developed in detail, along with the discrete ordinates method of Chandrasekhar. The adding and doubling methods are discussed from basic principles, and references for further reading are suggested.
Tensin Regulates Fundamental Biological Processes by Interacting with Integrins of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) have a superior proliferation rate and differentiation potential compared to adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs) or bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). TMSCs exhibit a significantly higher expression of the tensin3 gene (TNS3) than AMSCs or BMSCs. TNS is involved in cell adhesion and migration by binding to integrin beta-1 (ITG β1) in focal adhesion. Here, we investigated the roles of four TNS isoforms, including TNS3 and their relationship with integrin in various biological processes of TMSCs. Suppressing TNS1 and TNS3 significantly decreased the cell count. The knockdown of TNS1 and TNS3 increased the gene and protein expression levels of p16, p19, and p21. TNS1 and TNS3 also have a significant effect on cell migration. Transfecting with siRNA TNS3 significantly reduced Oct4, Nanog, and Sox-2 levels. Conversely, when TNS4 was silenced, Oct4 and Sox-2 levels significantly increase. TNS1 and TNS3 promote osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, whereas TNS4 inhibits adipogenic differentiation of TMSCs. TNS3 is involved in the control of focal adhesions by regulating integrin. Thus, TNS enables TMSCs to possess a higher proliferative capacity and differentiation potential than other MSCs. Notably, TNS3 plays a vital role in TMSC biology by regulating ITGβ1 activity.
On Bayesian Modelling of Fat Tails and Skewness

We consider a Bayesian analysis of linear regression models that can account for skewed error distributions with fat tails.The latter two features are often observed characteristics of empirical data sets, and we will formally incorporate them in the inferential process.A general procedure for introducing skewness into symmetric distributions is first proposed.Even though this allows for a great deal of flexibility in distributional shape, tail behaviour is not affected.In addition, the impact on the existence of posterior moments in a regression model with unknown scale under commonly used improper priors is quite limited.Applying this skewness procedure to a Student-$t$ distribution, we generate a ``skewed Student'' distribution, which displays both flexible tails and possible skewness, each entirely controlled by a separate scalar parameter. The linear regression model with a skewed Student error term is the main focus of the paper: we first characterize existence of the posterior distribution and its moments, using standard improper priors and allowing for inference on skewness and tail parameters.For posterior inference with this model, a numerical procedure is suggested, using Gibbs sampling with data augmentation. The latter proves very easy to implement and renders the analysis of quite challenging problems a practical possibility.Two examples illustrate the use of this model in empirical data analysis.
Recent decrease in inner‐core rain rate of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific

The tendency in tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall is of great concern due to its remarkable contribution to global precipitation and extreme rainfall events. This study finds a decreasing trend in TC inner‐core rain rate over the western North Pacific (WNP) from 1998 to 2019. This basinwide trend is mainly induced by the decreasing TC inner‐core rain rates over the region west of 150°E, while it is seldom linked to the changes in the distribution of TC occurrence. The maximum decreases in TC inner‐core rain rate are observed over the offshore areas along the coastlines of East Asia. Further analysis reveals that the change in atmospheric stability, referred to as a dominant environmental contributor to basinwide TC inner‐core rain rate decreases shown in previous studies, only has a primary impact over the northern South China Sea. By comparison, there is a positive correlation between the variations of the aerosol optical depth and TC inner‐core rain rate over the mid‐latitude regions extending from the East China Sea to Japan. Our result highlights the linkage of the recent decreasing trends in aerosol optical depth and TC inner‐core rain rate over the WNP.
Structure Function Studies for Turbulent Interstellar Medium

We study structure functions of rotation measures in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) region and the North Galactic Pole (NGP) to extract the interstellar medium (ISM) fluctuation information. The CGPS data are divided into three longitude intervals: $82^\circ 1^\circ$. The power law indices get smaller from CGPS1 to CGPS3 and the amplitudes decrease. The variations of the large-scale field and the electron density have only negligible effects on the structure function and thus cannot account for the changes, indicating that the turbulent properties of the Galactic ISM are intrinsically longitude-dependent. The Kolmogorov-like fluctuation spectrum of the electron density or the magnetic field should produce a power law structure function with an index of 5/3 or 2/3, neither of which is consistent with our results of small indices in the three sub-CGPS regions. For the NGP region, the structure function is flat, showing that the rotation measures are mostly intrinsic to the extragalactic sources, and the ISM is very random in that part of our Galaxy. It is obvious that the ISM fluctuation is latitude-dependent when comparing the results in the NGP region and the CGPS regions.
Facilitators and barriers in implementation of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in India: A protocol for systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a debilitating and disabling parasitic disease of immense public health concern in India with more than 650 million people at risk. Mass drug administration (MDA) is the recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy to eliminate LF. But, its coverage and compliance has been a mixed success. There is an urgent need of evidence to strengthen the program further, which can be done by exploring and understanding implementer as well as beneficiary perspectives. Objective: To systematically review the facilitators and barriers experienced during the coverage and compliance of MDA for LF elimination in India from both beneficiary and provider’s (health system) perspective. Methods and Analysis: We will search at Medline database through PubMed and Embase, along with ProQuest and Google Scholar to retrieve literature. Original qualitative observational studies exploring challenges and enablers in MDA program will be screened by two independent reviewers systematically based on title and abstract followed by full text. The risk of bias will be assessed through critical appraisal skills program checklist for each included article. Data will be extracted in a pre-designed proforma with study characteristics, demographic features, and texts and quotes of qualitative data. Data will be analyzed through thematic analysis and motivation-opportunity-ability-behavior framework using MAXQDA software. Ethics and Dissemination: This is a literature-based review with minimal privacy concerns. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through policy brief to program implementers.
Résonances pour l'opérateur de Dirac

On etudie dans cette these les resonances de l'operateur de dirac sans champ magnetique et les valeurs propres de cet operateur en presence d'un champ magnetique en limite semi-classique (lorsque la constante de planck tend vers zero). Sous certaines hypotheses d'analyticite, on prouvera que l'on peut appliquer la theorie de b. Helffer et j. Sjostrand et on definira les resonances. La dimension des espaces resonnants est alors paire, comme pour les espaces propres, en raison des symetries de l'operateur de dirac. On montre que les resonances de forme sont exponentiellement proches de l'axe reel. Dans certains cas, on precisera le comportement asymptotique de la partie imaginaire de telles resonances. On etudie l'effet d'un champ magnetique sur le decouplage des valeurs propres de l'operateur de dirac
Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Chinese Dong Ethnic Minority Medicine, Madeng'ai

The overuse of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which poses a challenging task for clinical therapy. Thus, new agents with antibiotic efficacy against multidrug-resistant infections are needed. The traditional Dong ethnic minority medicines have emerged as a new source for prodrug selection. Among them, Madeng'ai (PotentillafreynianaBornm) is widely used by the folk for anti-infection and wound healing, although the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of Dong medicine Madeng'ai were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii were cultured in LB media, different concentrations of Madeng'ai powder solution were added to the LB agar plates to evaluate minimal inhibitory concentration. An animal study was performed on a mouse excisional wound model combined with bacterial solution injection in the wound area. After Madeng'ai or PBS treatment, hematoxylin and eosin analysis were used for pathological analysis of skin tissues from the infected area. Madeng'ai powder solution over 2 mg/mL concentration completely inhibited E. coli growth. At 4.0 mg/mL, Madeng'ai significantly inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The mouse model revealed that Madeng'ai could suppress the growth of MRSA and PAE and accelerate healing of cutaneous wounds. Madeng'ai, a newly discovered Dong ethnic minority medicine possesses considerable antimicrobial activity against both human normal pathogenic bacteria and multiresistance bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Therefore, Madeng'ai has great potential for further study and clinical application.
Effect of the respiratory rate on the pulse pressure variation induced by hemorrhage in anesthetized dogs

Background Studies on anesthetized dogs regarding pulse pressure variation (PPV) are increasing. The influence of respiratory rate (RR) on PPV, in mechanically ventilated dogs, has not been clearly identified. Objectives This study evaluated the influence of RR on PPV in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs after hemorrhage. Methods Five healthy adult Beagle dogs were premedicated with intravenous (IV) acepromazine (0.01 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (3 mg/kg IV) and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. The right dorsal pedal artery was cannulated with a 22-gauge catheter for blood removal, and the left dorsal pedal artery was cannulated and connected to a transducer system for arterial blood pressure monitoring. The PPV was automatically calculated using a multi-parameter monitor and recorded. Hemorrhage was induced by withdrawing 30% of blood (24 mL/kg) over 30 min. Mechanical ventilation was provided with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg and a 1:2 inspiration-to-expiration ratio at an initial RR of 15 breaths/min (baseline). Thereafter, RR was changed to 20, 30, and 40 breaths/min according to the casting lots, and the PPV was recorded at each RR. After data collection, the blood was transfused at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h, and the PPV was recorded at the baseline ventilator setting. Results The data of PPV were analyzed using the Friedman test followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p < 0.05). Hemorrhage significantly increased PPV from 11% to 25% at 15 breaths/min. An increase in RR significantly decreased PPV from 25 (baseline) to 17%, 10%, and 10% at 20, 30, and 40 breaths/min, respectively (all p < 0.05). Conclusions The PPV is a dynamic parameter that can predict a dog’s hemorrhagic condition, but PPV can be decreased in dogs under high RR. Therefore, careful interpretation may be required when using the PPV parameter particularly in the dogs with hyperventilation.
Bilateral differences in handgrip strength in Czech female tennis players aged 11–12 years and injury prevention

The term laterality refers to the preference or dominance of the lateral asymmetry of the human body. The prevalence of left-handedness is reported to be 10–13%, but in some sports (e.g. boxing, ice hockey, tennis), the proportion of left-handers is higher. The left-handedness is considered an advantage in tennis; however, the one-sided load can cause muscular dysbalances leading to injuries. The research aim was to assess bilateral differences in handgrip strength in top Czech female tennis players U12 as to injury prevention. The participants were tennis players (n = 165) aged 11.0–12.9 years taking part in the regular testing by the Czech Tennis Association using the TENDIAG1 test battery between 2000 and 2018. 87.3% of all players were right-handed (RH) and only 12.7% left-handed (LH). Bilateral differences between the right- and left-hand strength of all players were medium significant in favor of the right hand. The assessment of differences between RH and LH players showed only small differences in favor of LH players. There was a medium significant difference between RH and LH players in favor of the dominant hand (DH) over the non-dominant one (NDH). As to injury prevention, it is surprising that a difference between DH and NDH strength >15% was found in 40.91% of RH players and even in 40.06% of LH players. This predicts an increased risk of injury, so it is desirable to pay attention to both sides of the training load and to include compensatory or strengthening exercises.
Jet flows and disk winds from T Tauri stars: the case of CW Tau

We have carried out long-slit spectroscopy of the forbidden emission line region of the T Tauri star CW Tau with both medium (FWHM≃50 kms −1 ) and high spectral resolution (FWHM≃20 kms −1 ), and with a typical spatial resolution of 1.4″-1.8″. From the spectra obtained at various slit positions we found that CW Tau has a bipolar outflow which can be traced over 4″-6″ along both outflow directions. The blueshifted flow is orientated at a position angle of about 160°. The deduced high-resolution position-velocity diagrams of the [OI]λλ 6300, 6363, [NII]λ 6583 and the [SII]λλ 6716, 6731 lines show two velocity components which differ strongly in their spatial and spectroscopic properties (e.g. spatial extent along the outflow direction, degree of excitation and electron density)
Hard X-ray emission from clusters of Galaxies

We analyze the origin of the flux of hard X-rays from the Coma cluster observed with the Beppo-SAX telescope. It is often assumed that this flux is produced by nonthermal particles in-situ accelerated in the Coma halo. We show, however, that in the case of in-situ acceleration the hard X-ray flux may be generated by thermal particles whose spectrum is distorted by the acceleration. This mimic the effect of two-temperature distribution of the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission. A power-law non-thermal spectrum is formed at energies much higher than the energy range observed by Beppo-SAX.
Proposed neural intrusion detection system to detect denial of service attacks in MANETs

MANTs are groups of mobiles hosts that arrange themselves into a grid lacking some preexist organization where the active network environment makes it simple in danger by an attacker. A node leaves out, and another node enters in the network, making it easy to penetration. This paper aims to design a new method of intrusion detection in the MANET and avoiding Denial of Service (DoS) basis on the neural networks and Zone Sampling-Based Traceback algorithm (ZSBT). There are several restrictions in outdating intrusion detection, such as time-intense, regular informing, non-adaptive, accuracy, and suppleness. Therefore, a novel intrusion detection system is stimulated by Artificial Neural Network and ZSBT algorithm using a simulated MANET. Using KDD cup 99 as a dataset, the experiments demonstrate that the model could can detect DoS effectively.
Papain-Decorated Mucopenetrating SEDDS: A Tentative Approach to Combat Absorption Issues of Acyclovir via the Oral Route

The aim of the current study was to enhance the oral bioavailability of Acyclovir (ACV) based on the papain-functionalized self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The optimum control SEDDS formulation comprised of kolliphore (40%), transcutol (30%), propylene glycol (20%) and oleoyl chloride (10%). However, in the targeted SEDDS formulation, oleoyl chloride was replaced with oleoyl chloride-papain (OC-PAP) conjugate that was synthesized via an amide bond formation between the acyl halide groups of oleoyl chloride and the amino group of papain. Prior to adding in the SEDDS formulation, the newly synthesized conjugate was evaluated quantitatively by a Bradford assay that demonstrated 45 µg of papain contents per mg of the conjugate. Moreover, the conjugate formation was qualitatively confirmed through FTIR analysis and thin layer chromatography. ACV (a BCS class III drug) was incorporated into the SEDDS formulations after being hydrophobically ion paired with sodium deoxycholate, thereby making it lipophilic. The drug-loaded formulations were emulsified in the 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and evaluated in vitro with respect to drug release and rabbit mucosal permeation studies. Both the formulations illustrated a very comparable drug release over a period of 4 h, afterwards, the OC-PAP-based formulation demonstrated a more sustaining effect. The extent of mucus diffusion evaluated via the silicon tube method demonstrated a 4.92-fold and a 1.46-fold higher penetration of the drug, a 3.21-fold and a 1.56-fold higher permeation through the rabbit intestinal mucus layer, and a 22.94-fold and a 2.27-fold higher retention of the drug over the intact mucosa of rabbit intestine, illustrated by OC-PAP-based nanoemulsions compared to the drug-free solution and controlled nanoemulsion, respectively. According to these in vitro results, papain-functionalized SEDDS is a promising approach for the oral delivery of ACV and many other drugs with oral bioavailability issues, however, in vivo studies in this respect have to be employed before making a comprehensive conclusion.