Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases undirected singing behavior and alters dopaminergic regulation of undirected song in non-breeding male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)

Introduction It has been proposed that in species that defend territories across multiple life history stages, brain metabolism of adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) regulates aggressive behavior at times when gonadal androgen synthesis is low (i.e. the non-breeding season). To date, a role for DHEA in the regulation of other forms of social behavior that are expressed outside of the context of breeding remains unknown. Methods In this experiment, we used the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) model system to investigate a role for DHEA in the neuroendocrine regulation of singing behavior by males in non-breeding condition. Starling song in a non-breeding context is spontaneous, not directed towards conspecifics, and functions to maintain cohesion of overwintering flocks. Results Using within-subjects design, we found that DHEA implants significantly increase undirected singing behavior by non-breeding condition male starlings. Given that DHEA is known to modulate multiple neurotransmitter systems including dopamine (DA) and DA regulates undirected song, we subsequently used immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase (pTH, the active form of the rate-limiting enzyme in DA synthesis) to investigate the effect of DHEA on dopaminergic regulation of singing behavior in a non-breeding context. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive linear association between undirected singing behavior and pTH immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area and midbrain central gray of DHEA-implanted, but not control-implanted, males. Discussion Taken together, these data suggest that undirected singing behavior by non-breeding starlings is modulated by effects of DHEA on dopaminergic neurotransmission. More broadly, these data expand the social behavior functions of DHEA beyond territorial aggression to include undirected, affiliative social communication.
Recent advances in understanding DNA methylation of prostate cancer

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, is widely studied in cancer. DNA methylation patterns have been shown to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in various cancers, including prostate cancer. It may also contribute to oncogenesis, as it is frequently associated with downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation, in particular the CpG island hypermethylator phenotype (CIMP), have shown associative evidence with distinct clinical features and outcomes, such as aggressive subtypes, higher Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and overall tumor stage, overall worse prognosis, as well as reduced survival. In prostate cancer, hypermethylation of specific genes is significantly different between tumor and normal tissues. Methylation patterns could distinguish between aggressive subtypes of prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and castration resistant prostate adenocarcinoma. Further, DNA methylation is detectable in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and is reflective of clinical outcome, making it a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding DNA methylation alterations in cancers with the focus on prostate cancer. We discuss the advanced methodology used for evaluating DNA methylation changes and the molecular regulators behind these changes. We also explore the clinical potential of DNA methylation as prostate cancer biomarkers and its potential for developing targeted treatment of CIMP subtype of prostate cancer.
Integrative mapping of spatial transcriptomic and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s disease at single-cell resolution

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of research, the underlying molecular and cellular changes of AD remain unresolved, especially in terms of the spatial structure of gene expression changes that correlates with pathology, e.g. amyloid beta (A-beta) plaques. Recent advances in imaging-or sequencing-based single-cell spatial transcriptomics have allowed a systematic dissection of molecular and cell architectures in the brain and other tissues. In this study, we employed the recently developed Stereo-seq technology to spatially profile the whole-genome transcriptomics in the 5xFAD mouse model and established the methodology to analyze the specific neuronal transcriptomic changes spatially correlated with amyloid pathology at single cell resolution. More specifically, we developed a pipeline for integrative image- and non-image-based cell segmentation, VoxelMorph-based non-linear alignment, and Unet-based object detection to achieve reliable transcriptomics analysis at the single-cell resolution, and investigated the spatial relationship between diverse neuronal clusters and A-beta depositions. This work has demonstrated the potential of using the Stereo-seq technology as a powerful tool to investigate AD and other complex neurological disorders.
Very high energy gamma-rays from flat spectrum radio quasars

Abstract The detection of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) in the Very High Energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) range is challenging, mainly because of their steep soft spectra and distance. Nevertheless four FSRQs are now known to be VHE emitters. The detection of the VHE γ-rays has challenged the emission models of these sources. The sources are also found to exhibit very different behavior. I will give an overview of what is known about the VHE emission of these sources and about the multiwavelength signatures that are connected to the VHE gamma-ray emission.
A new method of extracting region of interest image area with L0 norm

The process of Reference image preparation, is to extract region of interest area from a image,to get a simplified image which be used as template image for other algorithms.Because of the complex of scene,one usually need to excute a set of different algorithms to get a final image which only has the information of interest area. This paper presents a new variational model which used L0 norm for idelity item, to keep information of interested area better, while removing other redundant information. Experiments show that,this method can remove information of grediant in some special range,to handle a more general case,compared with the original L0 gradient method which can only remove low frequency information. Compared with the same variational model but using L1orL2 norm，the proposed method can well retain the original information.Those advantages is very important for making the process of reference image preparation faster and easier
Investigation of Flat-Plate Aspect Ratio Effects on Ramp-Induced, Adiabatic, Boundary-Layer Separation at Supersonic and Hypersonic Speeds

Abstract : An experimental investigation of the effects of flat-plate aspect ratio on both laminar and turbulent boundary-layer separations induced by ramps was conducted at free-stream Mach numbers of 6, 8, and 10. Reynolds numbers, based on flat-plate length, ranged from 0.06 million to 1.0 million (laminar) and from 2.6 million to 9.1 million (turbulent) at near-adiabatic model wall conditions. Local Mach number on the flat plate was varied by pitching the laminar model at all free-stream Mach numbers. Longitudinal surface pressure distributions at several spanwise stations were measured to define the lateral pressure gradients and the spanwise variation of the longitudinal extent of the separation region. Data are presented to support the conclusion that for a flat plate short enough (2.5 in.) to achieve laminar flow reattachment, it is required that the flat-plate aspect ratio be of the order of 3 to be assured of negligible effects induced by the finite span.
A GENERAL CLASS OF CUSUM STATISTICS

Much of the work relating to control charts is on monitoring observations for changes in mean. Here, for the first time, we develop a class of cusum-type statistics to monitor any aspect of a process (for example, mean, variance, skewness or kurtosis). This development is based on recently published papers by the authors.
Nonparametric Density Estimation and Detection Part I: Estimators ulsive Interference annels -

This study is concerned with the development of effec- tive nonparametric probability density estimators and detectors for impulsive noise channels. In this part (Part I) of this two-part study, nonparametric probability density estimators are devel- oped for both the instantaneous amplitude and envelope densities of impulsive interference waveforms. These kernel-based density estimators use the known properties (e.g., symmetry, heavy tails, etc.) of the impulsive noise densities to be estimated in their con- struction and, in so doing, yield estimates that closely approximate the true densities for small sample sizes. In fact, from an extensive small-sample-size simulation study, it is seen that the proposed nonparametric schemes significantly outperform the standard estimators. A method for comparing the Lpperformance of non- parametric and parametric-based density estimators is also derived in this paper (Part I). Use of this method shows that the performance of the proposed nonparametric estimators is near that of their optimum (efficient) parametric counterparts for a wide variety of impulsive noise models (including the ClassA modell, the Johnson S, model, and the Gaussian-Laplacian mix- ture). (The utility of the proposed estimators in various detection problems is investigated in Part I1 of this study.)
Enumeration of three term arithmetic progressions in fixed density sets

Additive combinatorics is built around the famous theorem by Szemer\'edi which asserts existence of arithmetic progressions of any length among the integers. There exist several different proofs of the theorem based on very different techniques. Szemer\'edi's theorem is an existence statement, whereas the ultimate goal in combinatorics is always to make enumeration statements. In this article we develop new methods based on real algebraic geometry to obtain several quantitative statements on the number of arithmetic progressions in fixed density sets. We further discuss the possibility of a generalization of Szemer\'edi's theorem using methods from real algebraic geometry.
Dilations and Hahn Decompositions for Linear Maps

Suppose is a C*-algebra and H is a Hilbert space. Let denote the set of completely positive maps from into the set B(H) of (bounded linear) operators on H. This paper studies the vector space spanned by , i.e., the linear maps that are finite linear combinations of completely positive maps. From another viewpoint, a map ϕ is in precisely when it has a decomposition ϕ = (ϕ1 – ϕ2) + i(ϕ3 – ϕ4) with ϕ1, ϕ2, ϕ3, ϕ4 in CP ; this decomposition is analogous to the Hahn decomposition for measures [8, 111.4. 10] (see also Theorem 20). The analogous class of maps with “completely positive” replaced by “positive” was studied by R. I. Loebl [11] and S. -K. Tsui [17], and when is commutative, this latter class coincides withi , since every positive linear map on a commutative C*-algebra is completely positive [16].
Morphology of the MRI in Axial Symmetry: existence of a magnetic threshold

We analyze the linear stability of an axially symmetric ideal plasma disk, embedded in a magnetic field and endowed with a differential rotation. This study is performed by adopting the magnetic flux surface function as the fundamental dynamical variable, in order to outline the role played by the co-rotation theorem, in the background configuration. The present formulation shows the existence of a magnetic threshold for the emergence of a Magneto-rotational instability. In the Keplerian case, triggering unstable modes requires the magnetic field forms an angle greater than 30 degree with the equatorial plane.
On the Wolf-Rayet counterpart to IC 10 X-1

Recent C observations of the starburst galaxy IC 10 have resulted in an improved position for the bright (>10 38 erg s −1 ) X-ray source IC 10 X-1. We discuss arguments in favour of the Wolf-Rayet star #17-A from Massey et al. and Crowther et al. being the optical counterpart; alternative possibilities are also considered. We discuss the properties of Massey et al. 17-A, finding it to be amongst the most luminous - and hence massive - WNE stars known and make compar- isons with Cyg X-3. Finally we examine evolutionary constraints relating to the nature of the compact companion, finding that a putative neutron star companion would place stringent constraints on the minimum progenitor mass required to form a black hole in close binaries.
Miniaturized and optimized half mode SIW bandpass filter design integrating Hilbert cells as DGS

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates a novel configuration of half mode substrate integrated waveguide HMSIW bandpass selective filter based on Hilbert cells as DGS. Two 50-Ohm conventional micro-strip are used as feed lines. The filter is designed and optimized using CST Software, Where a parametric study is used to optimize its geometric parameters. In our design, six periodic Hilbert cells are used, which are work collectively with three transverse slots to generate the desired resonance frequency. The used dielectric substrate is FR4 with a relative permittivity of 4.3. The proposed filter operates at the frequency of 3.25 GHz with an insertion loss about of −2 dB and a rejection extended from 1 GHz to 3.2 GHz and from 3.4 GHz to 7 GHz respectively for the lower and the higher sides with a level more than −35 dB. The filter is fabricated and measured, where the obtained measurements show a clear crystal similarity with the simulated results. The proposed filter is considered for TD LTE applications.
Forward modeling and inverse estimation for nonlinear filtering

The highly accurate state estimation of nonlinear systems is needed in many different application fields. In many existing nonlinear filters, the uncompensated nonlinear approximation error and widely used numerical sampling methods both seriously affect the estimation accuracy and numerical stability. In this paper, based on the variational Bayesian framework, a novel iterative nonlinear filter consisting of forward modeling and inverse estimation is proposed. In the forward modeling stage, a linear Gaussian regression process with distributed variational parameters (VPs) is designed to fit the whole nonlinear measurement likelihood. The distributed VPs consider both first and second moments information, so as to compensate for approximation error from the whole likelihood perspective, instead of only the nonlinear function approximation, which can further improve the accuracy of Bayesian posterior update. In the linear Gaussian regression process, the original nonlinear measurement function (NMF) is just viewed as a prior and no longer directly participates in the modeling of the measurement likelihood. Hence, in the inverse estimation stage, when maximizing the evidence lower bound to update the posteriors of the state and VPs, we can obtain closed‐form solutions without numerical sampling methods to approximate the integral of NMF required in many existing methods, which can guarantee numerical stability. Moreover, to avoid the random setting of hyperparameters and to block the propagation of the accumulated error, we propose two rules, estimation and lower bound consistencies, to conduct the hyperparameters' initialization at the beginning of iteration at each sampling time and also derive an optimization method to update hyperparameters during iteration. Finally, the performance of our proposed method is demonstrated in the nonlinear orbital estimation problems.
Approximated Fractional-Order Capacitor "Seed" Impedance Characterization to Support Fully-Controllable Immittance Converters

One recent method to approximate and physically implement fractional-order elements utilizes a fully-controllable immittance converter (FGIC). With this approach, external components are used with the FGIC to implement a target floating immittance value. This immittance can be fractional-order if at least one of the external components is a fractional-order element. Here, a fractional-order capacitor is approximated for use as the fractional-order element using an RC-network; designed specifically to meet the usable bandwidth (10 kHz to 1 MHz) of an FGIC44 (an integrated circuit realization of a floating immittance converter using operational-transconductance amplifiers).
The Examination by Electron Microscope of Ice Crystal Nuclei from Cloud Chamber Experiments

Abstract A method is described whereby ice crystals generated in a Bigg-Warner ice nuclei counter may be replicated on Formvar coated slides. The Formvar film, with replicas, is subsequently removed for examination in the electron microscope. The nuclei of the ice crystals remain on the Formvar after sublimation of the ice, and under favorable conditions, may be identified by their morphology or electron diffraction patterns. This technique permits the collection of ice crystal nuclei even when weather conditions are other than subfreezing. A trial field study was carried out in Missouri, and over 232 suitable crystals were collected for analysis. The majority of the identifiable particles (31%) were sheet silicates—most probably clay minerals.
Comparison of Fecal Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Captive and Wild Asian Elephants

The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is a flagship species of tropical rainforests, and it has generated much concern. In this case, the gut bacterial communities of captive and wild Asian elephants are particularly noteworthy. We aim to compare the differences in bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) subtypes in fecal samples of Asian elephants from different habitats, which may affect host health. Analyses reveal that differences in the dominant species of gut bacteria between captive and wild Asian elephants may result in significant differences in ARGs. Network analysis of bacterial communities in captive Asian elephants has identified potentially pathogenic species. Many negative correlations in network analysis suggest that different food sources may lead to differences in bacterial communities and ARGs. Results also indicate that the ARG levels in local captive breeding of Asian elephants are close to those of the wild type. However, we found that local captive elephants carry fewer ARG types than their wild counterparts. This study reveals the profile and relationship between bacterial communities and ARGs in different sources of Asian elephant feces, providing primary data for captive breeding and rescuing wild Asian elephants.
Processing Biodegradable Blends of Hemicellulose with Polyhydroxybutyrate and Poly (Lactic Acid)

The bottleneck of hemicellulose as a bio-based material is its processability and property drawbacks (softening and hydrophilicity). Thus, mixing other biopolymers can be an alternative. This article proposes blending hemicellulose (10−50 wt%) with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), using acetic acid and chloroform as casting solvents to improve its processability and thermal properties. The materials were thermally (TGA – thermogravimetric analysis), chemically (FTIR – Fourier transformer infrared) and morphologically (SEM – scanning electron microscopy) characterized. Finally, a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) evaluated the materials’ properties to identify the optimum combination (casting solvent, biopolymer and hemicelluloses proportion) for producing an optimal blend. The MCDA established that the blend of hemicellulose:PHB (10:90 wt/wt) produced with acetic acid was optimum considering melting temperature and the crystallinity criteria. Moreover, higher hemicellulose concentration in the blends decreased the MCDA success rate, indicating the worst properties. PLA blends showed a higher degradation temperature than PHB. The PHB blends produced with acetic acid demonstrated improved properties when compared to chloroform, revealing its potential as a solvent.
An Exact Analytical Solution for Raindrop Collision Rate.

Abstract An exact solution was found for the rate of collisions between raindrops by integrating over a finite drop size range. Collision rates computed from this solution were compared to those computed from a solution obtained by integrating over an infinite drop size range. The comparison revealed that, for a given reflectivity factor and intercept, the solution for finite size spectrum width results in collision rates that are higher than those obtained for an infinite drop size range. This work underscores the importance of knowing the size spectrum width in determining raindrop collision rate.
Intelligent Network Architecture for Home Automation and Efficient Solution for Appliance Control in Smart Grid

The field of “Internet of Things” (IoT) technology is exploding because of the quick advancements in automation technologies, embedded systems, and networking. It has become an integral part of Home Automation which is the combination of sensor networks, cloud computing, monitoring, and control. This paper discusses networking and provides two distinct methods for managing network-connected appliances as well as two different strategies for controlling the connected appliances and devices resulting in the enhancement of the system's robustness and overall stability. LoRa and 2.4GHz Wi-Fi technology have been used for the networking architecture of the appliances. Direct load control and phase angle-based voltage control methods are designed and developed for controlling the connected appliances. The distinct wireless technologies increase the stability of data transmission while ensuring minimum power consumption. AC voltage control methodology followed in this research also improves the robustness of the control systems. A mobile application platform is also developed and presented in this paper which is used to monitor and control the appliances, also known as sensor nodes.
Biodiversity of Rhizoctonia solani in Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds in East Delta of Egypt

Seventy-eight common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed samples were collected from twenty-one field locations across six governorates (Ismailia, Sharkia, Port Said, South Sinai, North Sinai, and Suez) in the East Delta region of Egypt between 2021 and 2022. Thirty-five Rhizoctonia solani Kühn were isolated. Sharkia had the highest percentage of R. solani isolates (RS) from the collected samples (59%), followed by Ismailia, South Sinai, Suez, North Sinai, and Port Said (49.7%, 36.7%, 33%, 29.2%, and 27.8%, respectively). Pathogenicity tests proved that the seven highest-virulence strains of R. solani had a pre-emergence damping off ranging from 17% to 30% and a post-emergence damping off ranging from 11% to 20%. The seven most pathogenic isolates were identified using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) with code numbers as follows: R. solani RSA1, R. solani RIT2, R. solani RIF3, R. solani RSoR4, R. solani RNB5, R. solani RSzA6, and R. solani RPS11. Principle component analysis (PCA), which depends on the pathogenicity result and soil variables, revealed that soil texture and soil water holding capacity (MWHC) were the most effective factors in grouping and clustering the studied R. solani isolates from the different locations into two groups. From this study, it can be established that the biodiversity of R. solani in the East Delta area of Egypt depends on changes in the environmental conditions and soil variables. The soil type and pH variables have the greatest impact on R. solani diversity, followed by the humidity-holding ability and soil porosity.