Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeding Non-Negative Matrix Factorizations with the Spherical K-Means Clustering

Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Thesis directed by Professor James Curry The size of data sets found in practice often prevents standard information retrieval and machine learning techniques, such as classification, feature extraction, and querying, from being easily applied on very large, and often times, uncompressed data sets. In general, because of our need to process and extract information, we are naturally led to some form of " data reduction " or compression. Such a reduction may be desirable to reduce our cost of storage or as a more efficient use of memory. Unfortunately, the usual compaction or rank reduction techniques often fail to preserve the given array properties, such as non-negativity. For example, failure to preserve column additivity or basis and coefficient weights in the initial data set could either hinder correct visualization completely or lead to undesired artifacts. In this thesis we explore a recent iterative technique called Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). This technique preserves much of the structure of the original data and guarantees that both basis and weights are non-negative. Furthermore, several special properties are obtained as a result of the constrained optimization problem of NMF. Specifically, in the case of facial image data, the additive nature of NMF has been shown to result in a basis of facial features, such eyes, noses, and lips. We explore various methods for efficiently computing NMF, placing particular emphasis on the initialization of current NMF algorithms. We propose using the Spherical K-Means clustering method to produce a structured initialization for NMF. We demonstrate some of the properties and initial speed-up that result from this structured initialization. In proposing this initialization strategy, we also arrive at a new efficient way of choosing the rank of the low dimensional NMF representation. We apply NMF to a variety of different types of data. We analyze data sets comprised of: facial images, text documents, and remote sensing data. The application of NMF to remote sensing data is new. Several interesting results, analogous to those found for facial images, are obtained using the Spherical K-Means initialization and NMF and its variants. iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I extend my thanks to my two advisors, James Curry and Anne Dougherty, with whom I have had …
The Effect of Height on Adverse Short-Term Outcomes Following Lower-Extremity Bypass Surgery in Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate adverse short-term outcomes following open lower extremity bypass surgery in subjects with diabetes mellitus with a specific comparison performed based on subject height. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was analyzed to select those subjects with CPT codes 35533, 35540, 35556, 35558, 35565, 35566, 35570 and 35571 and with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This resulted in 83 subjects ≤60 inches, 1084 subjects >60 inches and <72 inches, and 211 subjects ≥72 inches. Results: No differences were observed between groups with respect to the development of a superficial surgical site infection (9.6% vs. vs. 6.4% vs. 5.7%; p=0.458), deep incisional infection (1.2% vs. 1.4% vs. 2.8%; p=0.289), sepsis (2.4% vs. 2.0% vs. 2.8%; p=0.751), unplanned reoperation (19.3% vs. 15.6% vs. 21.8%; p=0.071), nor unplanned hospital readmission (19.3% vs. 14.8% vs. 17.1%; p=0.573). A significant difference was observed between groups with respect to the development of a wound disruption (4.8% vs. 1.3% vs. 4.7%; p=0.001). A multivariate regression analysis was performed of the wound disruption outcome with the age, gender, race, ethnicity, height, weight, current smoker and open wound/wound infection variables. Race (p=0.025) and weight (p=0.003) were found to be independently associated with wound disruption, but height was not (p=0.701). Conclusions: The results of this investigation demonstrate no significant difference in short-term adverse outcomes following the performance of lower extremity bypass surgery based on patient height.
A Carbon-Based Thermoacoustic Speaker With High Vocal Efficiency and Low Power Consumption

Improving vocal efficiency and reducing power consumption are indispensable conditions to promote the wider applications of thermoacoustic devices. In this work, three kinds of thermoacoustic speakers based on different carbon-based materials are investigated. An analytical thermoacoustic model is proposed. This analytical thermoacoustic model considers the effect of phase on the sound pressure (SP) amplitude to improve the accuracy. In addition, this analytical thermoacoustic model considers the input power distribution, has good convergence, and simplifies the calculation. Sample fabrication and material characterization of three thermoacoustic speakers are given. The measured vocal efficiencies are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.52\times 10^{-{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.32\times 10^{-{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.22\times 10^{-{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% for reduced graphene oxide (RGO), multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and laser scribed graphene (LSG) samples, respectively, whose corresponding highest SP levels (SPLs) are 65.24, 57.41, and 40.68 dB. The measured results show that the fabricated RGO speaker has lower power consumption and higher effective vocal efficiency than the other two loudspeakers due to its high crystal quality and additional heat exchanger nanofins. This will provide its potential application in the field of wearable electronic devices.
Pore‐scale modeling of surface erosion in a particle bed

A fully coupled transient two‐dimensional model was employed to study fundamentals of flood‐induced surface erosion in a particle bed. The interaction of the liquid and solid phases is the key mechanism related to surface erosion. The solid phase was idealized at a particle scale by using the discrete element method. The fluid phase was modeled at a mesoscale level and solved using the lattice Boltzmann method. The fluid forces applied on the particles were calculated on the basis of the momentum the fluid exchanges with the particle. The proposed approach was used to model both single particles and particle beds subjected to Couette flow conditions. The behavior of both the single particle and the particle bed depended on particle diameter and surface shear fluid velocity. The conducted simulations show that the fluid flow profile penetrates the bed for a small distance. This penetration initiates sheet‐flow and surface erosion as the fluid interacts with particles. The effect of suppressing particle rotation on the fluid‐induced forces on the particle was also examined. Suppressing particle spinning may lead to underestimated erosion rate. Results of fluid and particle velocities were compared against experimental results and appeared to agree with the observed trends.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review and research progress of wireless power transfer for railway transportation

This paper discusses the history and research progress of wireless power transfer (WPT) for railway transportation. In the field of railway transportation traction power supply, the problems caused by the traditional contact‐type power supply method have become increasingly prominent: the overhead contact network prone to breakages, scraping and wearing the pantograph, etc. WPT technology, which avoids direct contact with the power supply sources and loads, effectively solves these problems. This paper focuses on the application of WPT technology for railway transit, and introduces the research status in China and abroad. Moreover, the main technologies and primary problems of WPT, including magnetic coupler, segmented power supply, design of high‐frequency inverter, system optimization and control and practical applications for trams, maglev vehicles, and high‐speed trains, are reviewed. A detailed analysis and summary on the technologies is also provided. By reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art development of WPT in railways, it is hoped that researchers could be encouraged by these achievements and pushed forward the further development in WPT. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design and research on the function of lithium-ion batteries emergency traction system for rail vehicles

Urban rail vehicle power supply short interruptions or prolonged paralysis situation sometimes occurs, which will cause the entire line outage. If the train through the battery to achieve emergency traction, it will be able to effectively solve the problem of train interval stop due to external power supply reasons. This article proposes an emergency traction system, using lithium-ion batteries as traction power, carrying out the design and research on the function of lithium-ion emergency traction system for rail transit vehicles. Through the design of the power supply system, the design of the emergency traction power supply, the design of the conversion control and safety protection circuit, the design of the traction system, and the design of the auxiliary system, the train can be run to the next station under the emergency power supply, and the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by simulation. Moreover, the transformation on the basis of the existing Shanghai 952 train illustrates the feasibility of the existing train to achieve the emergency traction function and provides guarantee for the safe operation of the train.
Finescale Surface Observations of the Dryline: A Mobile Mesonet Perspective

Abstract Mobile mesonet line normal, time-to-space converted data analysis on three meridional drylines that occurred in west Texas on 10 June 1999 and 5 May 2000 are presented herein; two occurred in a quiescent environment on 5 May 2000. Based on the data, the mixing zone across the dryline was composed of a series of large horizontal moisture differentials that were highly variable in width, ranging from 5 km down to several hundred meters. The largest dewpoint differential sampled was 10.0°C over 185 m. Concurrent with a deceleration of dryline movement to nearly stationary, and while moisture differentials strengthened, surface-based mesoscale vertical circulations with horizontal diameters of 2 km down to less than 300 m were resolved in the data, and visual observations were made of numerous, strongly rotating dust devils. The estimated diameters of the largest dust devils were ∼80–100 m and ∼1 km deep, and these persisted for tens of minutes. All vortices were found to move along or adjacent to th.
Drug Repurposing Based on Protozoan Proteome: In Vitro Evaluation of In Silico Screened Compounds against Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that infects up to a third of the world’s population. This parasite can cause serious problems, especially if a woman is infected during pregnancy, when toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage, or serious complications to the baby, or in an immunocompromised person, when the infection can possibly affect the patient’s eyes or brain. To identify potential drug candidates that could counter toxoplasmosis, we selected 13 compounds which were pre-screened in silico based on the proteome of T. gondii to be evaluated in vitro against the parasite in a cell-based assay. Among the selected compounds, three demonstrated in vitro anti-T. gondii activity in the nanomolar range (almitrine, bortezomib, and fludarabine), and ten compounds demonstrated anti-T. gondii activity in the micromolar range (digitoxin, digoxin, doxorubicin, fusidic acid, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, mycophenolic acid, ribavirin, trimethoprim, and valproic acid). Almitrine demonstrated a Selectivity Index (provided by the ratio between the Half Cytotoxic Concentration against human foreskin fibroblasts and the Half Effective Concentration against T. gondii tachyzoites) that was higher than 47, whilst being considered a lead compound against T. gondii. Almitrine showed interactions with the Na+/K+ ATPase transporter for Homo sapiens and Mus musculus, indicating a possible mechanism of action of this compound.
Individual drinking water intake of dairy cows in an AMS barn

Today’s dairy cows have high requirements of nutrients and water to give a large milk production. Factors that under normal circumstances affect drinking behaviour are cow’s eating pattern, the temperature of the water, whether the water is supplied in a water bowl or a trough, the cows’ dominance order and if the water bowl is shared with other cows. There are several factors that are positively related to water intake such as temperature, humidity, dry matter intake, milk production, ration dry matter content, lactation day, body weight and also sodium and potassium intakes. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors that could best explain different levels of water intake in dairy cows and how social rank was related to diurnal pattern of water intake. A further aim was to evaluate a system for automated recording of drinking water intake with the help of observations of the drinking behaviours and social rank order. The study was performed in a barn with automatic milking system (AMS), and took place at The Swedish Livestock Research Centre, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala, with dairy cows kept in a loose housing system. The number of cows in the barn section where the study took place was 60-65 cows. The dairy cows in the study were of the breeds Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein. The feed ration contained grass/clover silage and concentrate. The seven water bowls that were used in the barn had equipment which could identify the cow and measure the water flow for recording water consumption. From the 92 cows that was in the observation period there were 37 cows that were left when the other cows were removed because of reasons such as wrong registration, had been in the VMS group too short time and cows that splashed or licked out water. Data were compiled in Microsoft Excel 2013 and the built-in functions were used for calculating arithmetic means and making graphs. Statistical evaluation was done with procedures of SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.). Thirty-seven cows (42%) were correctly identified during the observation period. Cow identification with the necklace transponders did not show optimal results with the original placement of the antenna. The individual drinking water intake had a range between 23.9 and 130.4 kg/day and the total water intake (including feed water) were between 55.9 and 203.5 kg/day for the 37 cows. Drinking water intake was positively correlated to most of the factors including milk yield, dry matter intake, total water intake, potassium intake, sodium intake and nitrogen intake in the feed. The 37 cows in this study drank 56.0 % of their total daily intake between 8:00 to 20:00. Heavy cows, Swedish Holstein cows, lower ranked cows and parity 3 cows were cow categories that drank numerically most water/hour during a day. There was a main difference among cows regarding both the number of registrations/day and the duration/registration.
The theory of sound

Volume 1: Preface 1. Sound due to vibrations 2. Composition of harmonic motions of like period 3. Systems with one degree of freedom 4. Generalized co-ordinates 5. Cases in which the three functions, T, F, V are simultaneously reducible to sums of squares 6. Law of extension of a string 7. Classification of the vibrations of bars 8. Potential energy of bending 9. Tension of a membrane 10. Vibrations of plates. Volume 2: 11. Aerial vibrations 12. Vibrations in tubes 13. Aerial vibrations in a rectangular chamber 14. Arbitrary initial disturbance in an unlimited atmosphere 15. Secondary waves due to a variation in the medium 16. Theory of resonators 17. Applications of Laplace's functions to acoustical problems 18. Problem of a spherical layer of air 19. Fluid friction Appendix.
Tree Species Classification of Backpack Laser Scanning Data Using the PointNet++ Point Cloud Deep Learning Method

To investigate forest resources, it is necessary to identify the tree species. However, it is a challenge to identify tree species using 3D point clouds of trees collected by light detection and ranging (LiDAR). PointNet++, a point cloud deep learning network, can effectively classify 3D objects. It is important to establish high-quality individual tree point cloud datasets when applying PointNet++ to identifying tree species. However, there are different data processing methods to produce sample datasets, and the processes are tedious. In this study, we suggest how to select the appropriate method by designing comparative experiments. We used the backpack laser scanning (BLS) system to collect point cloud data for a total of eight tree species in three regions. We explored the effect of tree height on the classification accuracy of tree species by using different point cloud normalization methods and analyzed the effect of leaf point clouds on classification accuracy by separating the leaves and wood of individual tree point clouds. Five downsampling methods were used: farthest point sampling (FPS), K-means, random, grid average sampling, and nonuniform grid sampling (NGS). Data with different sampling points were designed for the experiments. The results show that the tree height feature is unimportant when using point cloud deep learning methods for tree species classification. For data collected in a single season, the leaf point cloud has little effect on the classification accuracy. The two suitable point cloud downsampling methods we screened were FPS and NGS, and the deep learning network could provide the most accurate tree species classification when the number of individual tree point clouds was in the range of 2048–5120. Our study further illustrates that point-based end-to-end deep learning methods can be used to classify tree species and identify individual tree point clouds. Combined with the low-cost and high-efficiency BLS system, it can effectively improve the efficiency of forest resource surveys.
The Potential of Centella asiatica Herb and Cyperus rotundus L. Rhizomes Extract as a Chemoprevention Agent for Lung Cancer

BACKGROUND: The number of smokers is increasing in Indonesia. Cigarette smoke can cause many diseases, such as lung cancer. Centella asiatica (CAS) and Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes (CRR) exhibit anti-cancer effects. AIM: The study examined the cytotoxic effects of CRR and CAS extracts in lung cancer cells. METHODOLOGY: This research used the maceration method to extract the CAS and CRR powder and methanol solvent. Extraction was tested at 600μl, 400μl, 200 μl, 100 μl, and 50 μl to determine the effect of compound cytotoxicity causing 50% cell death or IC50. Cytotoxicity tests used the MTT method to obtain purple formation crystals and used an ELISA reader to obtain absorbance values. RESULTS: CRR and CAS extract shows a low cytotoxicity effect. IC50 of CRR and CAS methanol extracts was 235 μg/ml and 279 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION: CRR and CAS extracts were proven to show chemopreventive activities against lung cancer cells.
Radio observations and optical photometry of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4631

Les mesures du continuum radio a 327 MHz et 1.49 GHz ainsi que la photometrie de surface optique sont presentees pour la galaxie spirale NGC 4631. Ces mesures fournissent de nouveaux resultats sur la propagation des electrons relativistes dans le halo radio de cette galaxie. Il est suggere que l'epaisseur et les asymetries du halo radio sont en partie causees par l'interaction gravitationnelle entre NGC 4631 et NGC 4656.
JURNAL BIT (Budi Luhur Information Technology) Perbandingan Akurasi dalam Elisitasi Berbasis Peringkat dengan Minat Pengguna

The length of user profiles that must be collected by the recommender system is one of the problems in completing the design of the recommender system. There are two conflicting requirements, firstly the system must collect enough ratings in order to learn the preferences and accuracy of recommendations, secondly collecting more ratings will be a burden to the user and have a negative impact on the experience. The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of subjective user profile length and objectively based accuracy. In this study, three algorithms were applied to offline simulations and conducted online experiments with four recommendation algorithms. By measuring the level of strength of the two contrast strengths that are affected by the number of ratings collected. It was found that the relevance of the recommendations and the burden of the ranking process had a stronger effect on the perceived quality of the user experience. The results of this study were controlled by the user and identified a potentially optimal profile length for an explicit, rank-based elicitation strategy. The value of the length of the profile whose withdrawal reaches 80% of the maximum value of the recall.
The Role and Significance of Non-invasive Methods, with a Particular Focus on Shear Wave Elastography in Hepatic Fibrosis Staging

Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) represents a new, non-invasive method, used in the diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases. The method has been widely used instead of liver biopsy - an invasive procedure with potential major risk complications. Compared to liver biopsy, SWE provides an examination of larger areas of the liver, thus providing better staging of hepatic fibrosis. 30 patients were included in the study on basis of previous clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound findings indicating a presence of a chronic liver lesion. Patients were divided into three groups: 6 patients with steatosis, 13 patients with viral hepatitis, and 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver damage biochemical markers, serum markers of liver fibrosis, and SWE were determined in all patients. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between SWE results, and the values of biochemical markers of the hepatic lesion, as well as serum markers of liver fibrosis.
On the Consistency of Non-Linear FIML

Examples are given which show that:(i) normality is not Necessary for the consistency of the quasi maximum likelihood estimator in the nonlinear simultaneous equations model (nonlinear FIML) even when there are major departures from linearity; and (ii) the lemma which is used extensively by Amemiya [2] in the theoretical development of the properties of nonlinear FIML under the assumption of normality is, as presently stated, incorrect.