Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed Microbiological Regulation of Rabbit Colon with Diarrhea Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet

Simple Summary After being fed an antibiotic-free diet, some rabbits showed typical diarrhea symptoms. In order to explore the reasons, this study used multiple omics analysis. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly upregulated in the colon of diarrhea rabbits, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased. The significantly upregulated differential genes were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway and were involved in promoting inflammatory response. The different metabolites were mainly enriched in tryptophan metabolism and bile secretion, which affected the anti-inflammatory function. In addition, Bacteroides is positively correlated with 4-Morpholinobenzoic acid and Diacetoxyscirpenol, which is believed to be an important cause of inflammation. The enrichment of Proteobacteria is also related to the high expression of the IL-17 signaling pathway. Abstract Diarrhea symptoms appeared after antibiotics were banned from animal feed based on the law of the Chinese government in 2020. The colon and its contents were collected and analyzed from diarrheal and healthy rabbits using three omics analyses. The result of the microbial genomic analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased significantly (p-value < 0.01). Transcriptomes analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are abundant in the IL-17 signaling pathway and are highly expressed in the pro-inflammatory pathway. The metabolome analysis investigated differential metabolites (DMs) that were mainly enriched in tryptophan metabolism and bile secretion, which were closely related to the absorption and immune function of the colon. The results of correlation analysis showed that Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with 4-Morpholinobenzoic acid, and 4-Morpholinobenzoic acid could aggravate inflammation through its influence on the bile secretion pathway. The enriched DMs L-Tryptophan in the tryptophan metabolism pathway will lead to the functional disorder of inhibiting inflammation by affecting the protein digestion and absorption pathway. Thus, the colonic epithelial cells were damaged, affecting the function of the colon and leading to diarrhea in rabbits. Therefore, the study provided an idea for feed development and a theoretical basis for maintaining intestinal tract fitness in rabbits.
Solution of Two-Echelon Facility Location Problems by Approximation Methods

The two-echelon delivery structure is a strategy that can be implemented in urban areas to lower delivery costs by reducing the movement of heavy goods vehicles. In a two-echelon delivery structure, large trucks deliver shipments from a consolidation center to several terminals, where packages are transferred to smaller trucks for last-mile deliveries. This paper formulates a model that solves the two-echelon delivery structure by the use of approximation techniques. Several potential terminal locations and demand areas were identified, and the optimal number and locations of the terminals were examined, as the model evaluated the most cost-effective routes between the consolidation center, potential terminals, and demand areas. Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was chosen as the case study area to assess the model, and a cost analysis of the number and locations of the terminals was performed. The experiments showed that the number and the locations of the terminals were greatly influenced by the opening cost of the terminals and the transportation cost of the delivery trucks. It was also discovered that the likelihood of selection of terminals that were positioned near both the consolidation center and the center of the service area was higher than the likelihood of selection of terminals at any other location.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Combined Physical and Cognitive Exercises Programs Designed for Preventing Dementia among Community-dwelling Healthy Young-old Adults.

OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of combined physical and cognitive programs designed to prevent community-dwelling healthy young-old adults from developing dementia. METHODS The analysis was conducted from a public healthcare and long-term care payer's perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and expenses for health services and long-term care services were described in terms of effectiveness and cost, respectively. A thousand community-dwelling healthy adults aged 65 years were generated through simulation and analyzed. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adults with preventive program intervention compared to those with nonintervention was simulated with a 10-year cycle Markov model. The data sources for the parameters to build the Markov models were selected with priority given to higher levels of evidence. The threshold for assessing cost-effectiveness was set as less than 5,000,000 Japanese yen/QALY. RESULTS The ICER was estimated as -5,740,083 Japanese yen (US$-57,400)/QALY. CONCLUSION A program targeting community-dwelling healthy young-old adults could be cost-effective.
A Coaxial to Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide Transition With Near-Octave Bandwidth

In this letter, a wideband coaxial to air-filled waveguide transition is proposed, which has been realized by the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The present design incorporates several air-filled vias of varying hole diameter to efficiently match the impedance over a wide operating bandwidth in the dominant TE10 mode, hence replacing the need for dielectric taper or larger footprint. A transition prototype has been designed and tested to validate the results. The measured return loss is better than 15 dB and insertion loss of 1 ± 0.1 dB over the band of interest (9.5–15 GHz), hence portraying a near-octave bandwidth from the proposed design.
Plasma-Ionized Magnesium in Hospitalized Horses with Gastrointestinal Disorders and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Simple Summary Gastrointestinal diseases are the most prevalent diseases in hospitalized horses. One of the predisposing factors of decreased intestinal motility in horses with colic could be low plasma calcium concentration and related magnesium imbalances. Magnesium and calcium disturbances can predispose to decreased intestinal motility in horses with colic after abdominal surgery. Plasma ionized magnesium concentrations were measured in hospitalized horses with different types of gastrointestinal disorders (i.e., colic), horses with non-gastrointestinal diseases, horses with systemic inflammatory conditions and control horses; our results allowed us to conclude that hypomagnesemia was more prevalent in horses with obstructive gastrointestinal lesions. Surprisingly, no association was found with systemic inflammatory conditions nor with mortality. These valuable results suggest to us that magnesium concentrations in horses presenting obstructive colic should be monitored. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of intravenous magnesium supplementation in horses with gastrointestinal diseases. Abstract Magnesium disorders in horses with gastrointestinal disorders or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are scarcely characterized. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of magnesium disorders with diagnosis, SIRS and mortality in horses admitted to a referral equine hospital. In total, 75 sick horses were included in an observational prospective study and classified as: obstructive (n = 17), inflammatory (n = 10) and ischemic gastrointestinal disorders (n = 12), and other non-gastrointestinal systemic disorders (n = 36). All sick horses were also divided according to the presence (n = 26) or absence of SIRS, and survival to discharge from hospital (survivors (n = 61) and non-survivors (n = 14). In addition, 26 horses were included as controls. On admission, mean (iMg) (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the SIRS group (0.47 (0.43–0.50 mmol/L)) was within the normal range (0.4–0.6 mmol/L). The obstructive group had lower (iMg) compared to the control group (0.44 (0.38–0.51 mmol/L) vs. 0.56 (0.50–0.61 mmol/L); p = 0.001). In total, 8 out of 17 (47%) horses with obstructive lesions presented with hypomagnesemia compared to controls (4% (1/26)) (p = 0.001). In conclusion, hypomagnesemia was more prevalent on admission in horses in the obstructive group, and to a lesser extent, in the inflammatory and ischemic groups. In contrast to human ICU patients, the proportion of hospitalized horses with hypomagnesemia was not associated with mortality.
Effects of different topical anesthetics on pain from needle insertion and injection, and the influence of anxiety in patients awaiting endodontic treatment

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5% lidocaine and 2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine topical anesthetic on pain during needle insertion and infiltration injection in the labial mucosa of anterior maxillary teeth, and to assess the relationship between patients’ anxiety and pain scores. Materials and Methods The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaire was applied and recorded. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 30), as follows: G1 group: 5% lidocaine and placebo for 1 minute, G2 group: 2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine and placebo for 1 minute, G3 group: 5% lidocaine and placebo for 3 minutes, and G4 group: 2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine and placebo for 3 minutes. Before the application of topical anesthesia, one side was randomly selected as the topical anesthesia and the contralateral side as the placebo. The pain levels were measured with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately after needle insertion and injection and were compared. The correlation between anxiety and pain scores was analyzed. Results Administration of 5% lidocaine for 1 minute had significantly higher pain scores for both insertion and infiltration injection than the other groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between dental anxiety and the injection-induced VAS pain score in the placebo side in all groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions Topical anesthetics significantly reduced the pain caused by both needle insertion and injection pain in comparison to the placebo side. The pain scores of patients with dental anxiety were lower on the topical anesthesia compared to the placebo side. Trial Registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: TCTR20201217002
Role of active joint position sense on the upper extremity functional performance tests in college volleyball players

Background It has been well established that proprioception plays a decisive role in shoulder stability and sport performance. Notwithstanding, there is a lack of clear association between active joint position sense (AJPS) and the performance of upper-extremity functional performance tests. The aim of this study was to determine whether the AJPS of the shoulder complex is associated with the performance of college volleyball players with the following functional tests: Y-Balance Test-Upper Quarter (YBT-UQ), Closed Kinetic Chain Upper-Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), and Seated Medicine Ball Throw (SMBT). The secondary aim was to investigate whether the magnitude of the proprioception error through the AJPS had the ability to act as a predictor for functional test scores. Methods Cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling. Healthy college volleyball players (≥12 h of training/week), 30 males and 22 females, between 18 and 26 years of age were included. AJPS of the shoulder (90° of flexion (90°Flex), 90° of internal rotation at 90° of abduction (90°IR/ABD), 90° of external rotation at 90° of abduction (90°ER/ABD)) and three upper-extremity functional performance tests (YBT-UQ, CKCUEST and SMBT) were assessed. A Pearson’s test and a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine possible associations and relationships between outcome measures, respectively. Results The analysis revealed that AJPS at 90°IR/ABD and 90°ER/ABD were the only proprioceptive variables with an association to the YBT-UQ and SMBT. Despite these relationships, only the AJPS at 90°IR/ABD was associated with the performance of the YBT-UQ in; superolateral direction (β = −0.7; 95% CI [−1.3 to 0.1]; p = 0.025); inferolateral direction (β = −1.5; 95% CI [−2.1 to −0.8]; p = 0.001); and composite score (β = −0.8; 95% CI [−1.3 to −0.3]; p = 0.002). From these, AJPS at 90°IR/ABD mainly explained the variability of YBT-UQ (inferolateral direction) performance (R2 = 0.32; %R2 = 0.32). Our findings allow for a possible expanded role for proprioception as a contributing factor in upper limb motor control during functional movements. Further research is required to explore and distinguish the associations between proprioception, motor control and sport performance involving the upper limbs.
Clinical Observation of Patients Undergoing Glioma Surgery under Propofol and Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study

Objective To observe the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on patients undergoing glioma surgery. Methods 192 patients with gliomas treated in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were selected. All patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was given sevoflurane and the control group was given propofol. The clinical effects of the two groups were observed. Results Comparison of clinical indexes related to intraoperative conditions between the two groups revealed that the time of anesthesia and extubation after operation in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The amount of intraoperative bleeding in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in intracranial operation time, operation time, fluid volume, and urine volume between the two groups (P < 05). Comparing the recovery time of anesthesia between the two groups, the recovery time of orientation and the time of eye-opening in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Comparing the consciousness and cognitive function of the two groups, the OAAS score of the observation group after extubation, before leaving the operating room and 1 hour after extubation, was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the MMSE score l h after extubation was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Comparing the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups, the number of cases of restlessness, urinary infection, deep vein thrombosis, and hypertension in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion The anesthesia time and extubation time of the sevoflurane anesthesia group were shorter than that of the propofol anesthesia group, and the orientation recovery time and eye-opening time were shortened. The OAAS score of the sevoflurane anesthesia group was higher than that of the propofol anesthesia group after extubation, before extubation, and 1 hour after extubation. The probability of postoperative complications in the sevoflurane anesthesia group was lower than that in the propofol anesthesia group. Sevoflurane anesthesia may be more suitable for surgical induction of glioma patients than propofol anesthesia.
Diagnosis of HCV Infection Using Different Rapid Methods, ELISA and Anti HCV Test

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mainly cause liver associated problem worldwide. Most of the affected people develop liver cirrhosis which develop as a major health issue. Aim: This study aimed towards HCV infection in rural population in India. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Rama Medical College and Research Centre over a period of 6 months from 1 January to 30 June, 2021. A total of 721 patients of age between (1 – 85) years were screened and checked for presence of anti-HCV antibody using ELISA and Immunochromatography test. Result: A total of 53 (7.35%) from 721 samples were positive 26 (49.05%) male and 27 (50.9%) females using Immunochromatography test, and then these 53 positive samples were further tested by ELISA as confirmatory test. Out of 53 samples 48 samples were found true positive while 5 samples were found false positive. Conclusion: HCV Infection in this study was found 6.65% in rural area in Hapur District of Utter Pradesh. Disease mostly observed in elder person (50-65) then younger ones. About 49.05 % males and 50.9 % female were found positive.
Multi-objective Energy Optimization Of Locomotions For Underwater Snake Robot

Biologically inspired Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have been developed in the recent decades. is thesis focuses on the AUVs that are biologically inspired by snakes, called Underwater Snake Robots (USRs). A well-known issue of the USRs, or any AUVs, is the longterm autonomy. To achieve this, energy ecient approaches are required. Many studies have considered single-objective optimization problems regarding the energy eciency of the USR, but almost none with Multi-Objective Optimization Problems (MOPs). is thesis presents MOPs of dierent locomotions of the USR. e presented MOPs consider the energy ecient optimization of maximizing the forward velocity, while minimizing the power consumption of the USR. For computing the ecient motion paerns, two Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) called Non-dominated Sort Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), and Hypervolume Estimation Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization (HypE) are applied. A challenging topic of the USR, is their adaptability of dierent locomotions. Dierent locomotions of the USR give rise to dierent search spaces for optimization. We present simulation studies of the two most common snake locomotions: (i) lateral undulation and (ii) eel-like motion. Furthermore, we also present and investigate three altered motion paern of the USR. e aim of the altered locomotions is to let the MOEAs generate ecient locomotions through evolutionary, which we do not know the gait of. From the simulation results, it turns out that one of the altered motion paern approximates a motion similar to the lateral undulation. is motion paern is generated based on Fourier series. e obtained simulation results are based on optimization with optimal Genetic Algorithm (GA) parameters, found by numerous presimulations of the MOPs. Since this is multi-objective optimization problems, the end results will be in the form of Pareto fronts. ese Pareto fronts can be used as trade-os for selecting the forward velocity and power consumption of the USR. Additional to the optimization results of the MOPs, we present multivariate analysis of the simulation results using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), for nding relationships between the motion paerns. Furthermore, through the analysis, some assumptions on the shape of the altered locomotion can be given. Based on the results from the PCA, we also present regression models computed by Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) for predicting the optimal gait parameters using the objective values from the Pareto fronts.
Performing, learning and entrepreneuring; playing it by ear

We examine how musicians become entrepreneurs, illustrating how this dramatic shift from the aesthetic to the commercial offered a useful platform for understanding entrepreneurship. Analysing our data of 20 life story narratives, we found chronological patterns of socialised learning through and by experience and began to recognise how experience was acquired and deployed. Employing an entrepreneurship as practice theoretical framework, we saw an unexpected dimension, that our respondents not only used experience for “knowing” but that they performed that knowledge. Remarkably, performing was not simply enacting, but was a learning experience. This led us to propose a constructive circuit of learning by doing. The concept of performing provides an explanation that bridges conceptual gaps between experience and learning, strengthening our knowledge of entrepreneurship as socially situated by demonstrating that it is also socially learned. Although novel, it builds on and connects to much of what we already know.
The Emergence of IIoT and its Cyber Security Issues in Critical Information Infrastructure

The emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can transform and improve industrial domain processes. This is achieved by IIoT’s ability to collect and process vast amounts of data using technology such as sensors. IIoT capabilities can improve the manufacturing processes of these sectors and contribute to the improved functioning of critical information infrastructure. In addition, current trends - such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) - use IIoT to realise specific goals. While the emergence of IIoT systems does introduce many benefits, such as improved efficiency and sustainability, it can also introduce security concerns. These security concerns pose a significant threat to the industrial domain, including critical information infrastructures. The resulting threats emphasise the need to implement solutions to secure IIoT systems. The paper aims to discuss the emergence of IIoT and its cyber security issues within the context of critical information infrastructure. The research paper follows a theoretical research methodology to provide an improved understanding of the emergence of IIoT and its cyber security issues in critical information infrastructure. The paper contains an exhaustive discussion of what is IIoT. A discussion on where IIoT fits within the context of critical information infrastructure and its impact on 4IR is also highlighted in the paper. Due to the many vulnerabilities that IIoT systems can contain, the paper also discusses security concerns surrounding the emergence of IIoT. The security concerns make IIoT systems attractive targets for cyberattacks. Therefore, different approaches that can be applied to secure IIoT systems is also provided. Since IIoT capabilities can impact the critical information infrastructure of businesses and nations, the authors’ stance on how IIoT systems could transform the current understanding of critical information infrastructure is also discussed.