Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards A Verified Complex Protocol Stack in a Production Kernel: Methodology and Demonstration

Any useful computer system performs communication and any communication must be parsed before it is computed upon. Given their importance, one might expect parsers to receive a significant share of attention from the security community. This is, however, not the case: bugs in parsers continue to account for a surprising portion of reported and exploited vulnerabilities. In this thesis, I propose a methodology for supporting the development of software that depends on parsers—such as anything connected to the Internet—to safely support any reasonably designed protocol: data structures to describe protocol messages; validation routines that check that data received from the wire conforms to the rules of the protocol; systems that allow a defender to inject arbitrary, crafted input so as to explore the effectiveness of the parser; and systems that allow for the observation of the parser code while it is being explored. Then, I describe principled method of producing parsers that automatically generates the myriad parser-related software from a description of the protocol. This has many significant benefits: it makes implementing parsers simpler, easier, and faster; it reduces the trusted computing base to the description of the protocol and the program that compiles the description to runnable code; and it allows for easier formal verification of the generated code. I demonstrate the merits of the proposed methodology by creating a description of the USB protocol using a domain-specific language (DSL) embedded in Haskell and integrating it with the FreeBSD operating system. Using the industry-standard umap test-suite, I measure the performance and efficacy of the generated parser. I show that it is stable, that it is effective at protecting a system from both accidentally and maliciously malformed input, and that it does not incur unreasonable overhead.
Representations and Models for Large-Scale Video Understanding

In this thesis, we investigate different representations and models for large-scale video understanding. These methods include a mid-level representation for action recognition, a deep-learned representation for video analysis, a generic convolutional network architecture for video voxel prediction, and a new high-level task and benchmark of video comprehension. First, we present EXMOVES, a mid-level representation for scalable action recognition. The entries in EXMOVES representation are the calibrated outputs of a set of movement classifiers over spatial-temporal volumes of the input video. Each movement classifier is a simple exemplar-SVM trained on low-level features. Our EXMOVES requires a minimal amount of supervision while also obtaining good action recognition accuracy. It is approximately 70 times faster than other mid-level video representations. Second, we propose an effective method for spatiotemporal feature learning using deep 3-dimensional convolutional networks (3D ConvNets) trained on a large-scale video dataset. We show that 3D ConvNets are more suitable for spatiotemporal feature learning compared to 2D ConvNets. Our learned features, C3D, with a simple linear classifier outperform state-of-the-art methods on four different benchmarks and are comparable with current best methods on the other two benchmarks. The features are also very compact, efficient to compute, and easy to use. Third, we develop a generic
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation

The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra are best recorded when a highly intense beam of X-rays from a synchrotron is used along with a good resolution double crystal or curved crystal spectrometer and detectors like ionization chambers, scintillation counters, solid state detectors etc. Several synchrotrons around the world have X-ray beamlines dedicated specifically to XAFS spectroscopy. Fortunately, the Indian synchrotron (Indus-2) at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) at Indore has started operation. A dispersive type EXAFS beamline called BL-8 has been commissioned at this synchrotron and another beamline having double crystal monochromator (DCM) is going to be commissioned shortly. In Indian context, in order that more research workers use these beamlines, the study of XAFS spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation becomes important. In the present work some of the works done by our group on XAFS spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation have been described.
JointViewer &#8212; An Interactive System for Exploring Orthopedic Data

We present JointViewer, a software tool to aid orthopedics researchers in exploring complex, in-vivo joint kinematics. Given bone-geometry data and bone-motion information, JointViewer models and visualizes bone inter-spacing in the joint. Next, it proposes and displays plausible ligament paths which connect bones together. Both types of models are constructed through a distancefield approach. Users can maneuver the bones in a joint for better viewing, see motion relative to a specific bone, or remove bones from a joint. We demonstrate JointViewer’s effectiveness in three applications: examining normal human wrist kinematics, capturing the effect of injury on forearm kinematics, and exploring the kinematic constraints imposed by ligaments in a pigeon shoulder. In all applications, the system effectively highlights subtle yet important relationships among bones and soft-tissue that in previous standard joint visualizations had gone unnoticed.
A two-equation model for heat transport in wall turbulent shear flows.

A new proposal for closing the energy equation is presented at the two-equation level of turbulence modelling. The eddy diffusivity concept is used in modelling. However, just as the eddy viscosity is determined from solutions of the k- and e-equations, so the eddy diffusivity for heat is given as functions of temperature variance, ^-, and the dissipation rate of temperature fluctuations, et, together with k and e. Thus, the proposed model does not require any questionable assumptions for the "turbulent Prandtl number". Modelled forms of the ^-- and et-equations are developed to account for the physical effects of molecular Prandtl number and near-wall turbulence. The model is tested by application to a flat plate boundary layer, the thermal entrance region of a pipe, and the turbulent heat transfer in fluids over a wide range of the Prandtl number. Agreement with experiment is generally very satisfactory.
Maximal deformation of an impacting drop

We first study the impact of a liquid drop of low viscosity on a super-hydrophobic surface. Denoting the drop size and speed as $D_{0}$ and $U_{0}$, we find that the maximal spreading $D_{\hbox{\scriptsize\it max}}$ scales as $D_{0}\hbox{\it We}^{1/4}$ where We is the Weber number associated with the shock ($\hbox{\it We}\,{\equiv}\,\rho U_{0}^2 D_{0}/\sigma$, where $\rho$ and $\sigma$ are the liquid density and surface tension). This law is also observed to hold on partially wettable surfaces, provided that liquids of low viscosity (such as water) are used. The law is interpreted as resulting from the effective acceleration experienced by the drop during its impact. Viscous drops are also analysed, allowing us to propose a criterion for predicting if the spreading is limited by capillarity, or by viscosity.
Topology of Fermi Surfaces and Anomalies

We derive a classification of topologically stable Fermi surfaces of non-interacting, discrete translation-invariant systems from electronic band theory, adiabatic evolution and their topological interpretations. This derivation is rigorously compatible with $\mathit{K}$-theory. Given the Brillouin zone $\mathrm{X}$ of our $d$-dimensional system, our result implies that different classes of Fermi surfaces belong in $\mathit{K^{-1}}\mathrm{(X)}$ for systems with only discrete translation-invariance. This result has a chiral anomaly interpretation, as it reduces to the spectral flow for one dimensional systems. We further show and discuss some connections between symmetries and other variants of $\mathit{K}$-theory, together with their corresponding quantum anomaly interpretation.
Double Deep Q-Learning based Backhaul Spectrum Allocation in Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

In the fifth-generation (5G) network, mmWave has been utilized to cope with a demand for an extremely high data rate. However, the harsh propagation characteristic of mmWave signal limits networks' coverage, thus requiring network densification. Under this circumstance, 3GPP has introduced Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) architecture for cost-effective network deployment&operation. Contrary to traditional network architecture using wired backhaul links, IAB uses wireless backhaul links to forward data traffic. This feature improves spectrum utilization and cost efficiency. However, due to the dynamic, time-varying environment of the IAB network, finding a proper resource allocation strategy is a challenging issue. In this paper, we formulate the backhaul spectrum allocation problem maximizing user sum capacity. Then propose a double deep Q-Iearning-based backhaul spectrum allocation strategy. The simulation result shows that the proposed reinforcement learning-based spectrum allocation can achieve 20% higher user sum capacity than static rule-based spectrum allocation.
360° Phase Control at High Transmission with Huygens'metasurface

In this paper, a Huygens' metasurface consisting of a double split electric resonant ring and a pair of split magnetic resonant rings is proposed. The structure is capable of independent regulation of the electric and magnetic fields, achieving complete control of the phase at high transmittance of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Based on this structure, a beam-refracting metasurface is designed, and the transmitted wave is refracted by about 25°, for the normally incident EM at 6GHz.
A Hybrid Method for Wideband Analysis of Periodic Composite Metallic and Dielectric Array Structures

This study uses the tangential equivalence principle algorithm (T-EPA) in conjunction with the frequency and material independent reactions for volume surface integral equation (FMIR-VSIE) to analyze the broadband RCS of finite-period composite metal and dielectric (CMD) array architectures. An frequency-independent component and a frequency-dependent phase factor are produced by converting the exponent of the Green's function into a Taylor series. As a result, during the frequency sweep, FMIR-VSIE enables speedy calculation and generation of the impedance matrix. Additionally, there are significant memory needs. For the above problem, Using T-EPA, an objective-solving problem can be transformed into an equivalence-surface problem, therefore improving the condition number of the matrix and reducing the scale of the unknowns, decreasing the memory requirement. To improve the efficiency of the solution further, to construct a characteristic basis function (CBF) on the equivalence surface. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
A Linear Sampling Imaging Scheme based on Convolutional Neural Network

A novel inverse scattering imaging scheme based on deep learning is proposed. Based on Linear Sampling Method (LSM), a reasonable threshold selection strategy is set to solve the contrast distribution of the target scatterer, which is taken as the input of network. The convolutional neural network is used to simulate the electromagnetic scattering process and extract the high-dimensional fine features of contrast distribution, so as to achieve accurate imaging of target scatterers.
Impact of Computer Gaming Addiction on Body Mass Index - A Quantitative Investigation about Sukkur City of Pakistan

Computer gaming addiction has been evolved as a detrimental form of addiction in yesteryears. the past researches show that internet and gaming addiction is as problematic as it takes a toll on one's mental and physical health. Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the key facets to determine one's physical health fitness since the last two centuries. Consequently, gaming and addiction and body mass index strike as being associated to each other. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the impact of computer gaming addiction (CGA) on the Body Mass Index (BMI) of a person. The research methodology is based on a survey conducted in the Sukkur city of Pakistan where 300 respondents participated. To ensure the legitimacy of research, consensus based scaling was used and the responses were validated by performing Chi square test. The results indicated a significant impact of Computer gaming addiction (CGA) on the Body mass index (BMI) of an individual.
Optimizing All-to-All Collective Communication on Tianhe Supercomputer

All-to-all communication has a wide range of ap-plications in parallel applications like FFT. On most supercom-puters, there are multiple cores in a node. Message aggregation is an efficient method for smaller messages. Using multi-leader to aggregate message show significant improvement in intra-node overhead. However, compared to one-leader aggregation, existing multi-leader design incurs more message count and less aggregated message size. This paper proposes an Overlapped Multi-worker Multi-port all-to-all (OVALL) to scale the message size and parallelism of the aggregation algorithm. The algorithm exploits the all-to-all multi-core parallelism, concurrent commu-nication, and overlapping capabilities. Experiment results show that, compared to systems built-in MPI, OVALL'implementation achieves up to 5.9x or 18x speedup compared to MPI on different HPC systems. For the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) application, OVALL is up to 2.7x (8192 cores, system A) or 5.6x (4800 cores, system B) faster compared to built-in MPI on peak performance.
Generation of High-Gain High-Focus Dual-Mode OAM Beams Using a Four-Feed Patch Antenna Based on a Metalens

A four-feed patch antenna based on a metalens is proposed to generate high-gain high-focus dual-mode OAM beams. A tri-resonance metalens element, consisting of a square patch and two square rings, is used to achieve a transmission loss of basically less than 1 dB and an over 360° phase range. The antenna has a left-hand circular polarization (CP) gain of 13.6 dBic and a right-hand CP 14 dBic, respectively. The beam divergence angle is 8°. The proposed antenna has potential in the future 6G high-capacity communication due to its advantages of high gain, high focus, and high integration.
Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Metasurface Antenna

In this paper, a metasurface antenna with circular polarization is demonstrated for low profile. The proposed antenna is comprised of two layers, including a metasurface layer and a feeding layer. The antenna is excited by the square patch with a tilted slot for circular polarization. The square patch is connected to a coaxial inner connector. Using the metasurface, the antenna's profile is $\boldsymbol{0.039}\lambda_{0}(\lambda_{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at 5 GHz). The overlapped axial ratio and impedance bandwidth is 16% (4.6-5.4 GHz) with a gain of 8.4 dBic.
Influence of patterned graphene mask on nucleation behavior of GaN by MOCVD

We investigated the nucleation behavior of GaN on GaN templates with different periods of graphene masks. It is difficult to ensure the integrity of graphene due to defects such as breakages and wrinkles during the transfer process. Researchers [1]-[2] found that GaN not only nucleates in the window region, but also nucleates at these defects on the graphene mask, and the nucleation mode is different from that on the dielectric mask. Therefore, we plan to enhance the migration of Ga atoms to the window region for nucleation by adjusting the mask period. By comparing the island coverage ratio of GaN on different periods of graphene masks. We found that the island coverage of GaN on graphene masks is sensitive to the change of mask width for samples with windows of 3μm, where the mask-to-periodic width ratio (duty ratio) is less than 0.85. For the samples with windows of 5 gm, the interaction between island coverage ratio and duty ratio was mildly. Both samples with different window widths exhibited a decreasing trend of island coverage ratio with increasing duty ratio, and samples with wider window are more likely to decrease the island nucleation density on graphene masks at low duty ratio. We observed that the GaN strips formed on the window were larger in size and had a distinct semipolar plane {11-2n} in the sample with larger duty ratio. This article focuses on the relationship between the graphene mask period and the nucleation of GaN. These results provide fundamental support for the growth of high quality III-nitrides compounds using graphene masks by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG).
Three‐Dimensional and Shell‐Theory Analysis for Axisymmetric Vibrations of Orthotropic Shells

Exact solutions of orthotropic elasticity obtained previously by the author are applied to the problem of wave propagation in an infinite cylindrical shell. In addition, asymptotic solutions are developed for the high‐frequency range. Numerical results of frequency versus wavelength, based on the exact and asymptotic theories, are compared with an approximate shell theory.
3.6 A 12/13.56MHz Crystal Oscillator with Binary-Search-Assisted Two-Step Injection Achieving 5.0nJ Startup Energy and 45.8μs Startup Time

Startup time <tex>$(\mathrm{t}_{\mathrm{s}})$</tex> and energy <tex>$(\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{S}})$</tex> of crystal oscillators (XO) determine the efficiency of ultra-low-power duty-cycled loT radios. MHz-range X0s take a few milliseconds to reach the steady state without any startup aid [1–6], limiting the latency and average power of the radios. Injecting energy into the crystal can raise its motional current <tex>$(\mathrm{i}_{\mathrm{M}})$</tex> for <tex>$\mathrm{t}_{\mathrm{s}}$</tex> and <tex>$\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{S}}$</tex> reduction, but only if the injection source's frequency <tex>$(\mathrm{f}_{\text{inj}})$</tex> is close to the crystal's series resonant frequency <tex>$(\mathrm{f}_{\mathrm{s}})$</tex>. The two-step injection technique, which calibrates the injection source using the XO's signal after the 1<sup>st</sup> injection, can safeguard <tex>$\mathrm{f}_{\text{inj}}$</tex> for the <tex>$2^{\text{nd}}$</tex> injection [2], [3]. Unfortunately, the phase-locked loop takes>1,000 cycles to calibrate in a closed-loop fashion, opposing the reduction of <tex>$\mathrm{t}_{\mathrm{s}}$</tex> and <tex>$\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{S}}$</tex>.
Transmitarray Antenna Based on 3-D Frequency Selective Structures

In this work, a comprehensive synthesis procedure for designing a high gain, wideband and low profile transmission array antenna, formed by three dimensional frequency selective structures (FSSs). In order to provide the phase compensating, the 3-D FSS based on stepped-impedance slotline resonators (SISRs) and slot line are designed to introduce $180\pm 30^{\circ}$ phase difference in the range of 3.6∼6.6 GHz. The phase characteristics of multimode resonator SISR is derived. By this derivation, relationship between the phase slope and the operating frequency can be analyzed. Based on these two 3-D FSS elements, a transmitarray antenna is designed and simulated. The center frequency is around 5 GHz The profile of the transmitarray in the absence of the feeding antenna is $0.96\lambda_0$, where $\lambda_0$ is the free space wavelength at the center frequency. The designed transmitarray antenna has a simulated gain of 18 dB at 5 GHz.
6.1 A 112Gb/s Serial Link Transceiver With 3-tap FFE and 18-tap DFE Receiver for up to 43dB Insertion Loss Channel in 7nm FinFET Technology

Social media, video streaming and working at home fuels the demand for bandwidth in metro networks and data centers and pushes serial link data rates into <tex>$100\mathsf{Gb}/\mathsf{s}$</tex> territory. To cope with severe channel impairments at <tex>$112\mathsf{Gb}/\mathsf{s}$</tex> PAM-4 with <tex>$> 30\mathsf{dB}$</tex> loss at Nyquist, recently published transceivers [1–4] adopted <tex>$\mathsf{ADC}/\mathsf{DSP}$</tex> -based receivers in advanced FinFET processes. This work presents a low-power and area-efficient non-ADC/DSP-based transceiver that employs fully adaptive 3-tap <tex>$\mathsf{FFE}/18$</tex> -tap DFE at the receiver (RX) and <tex>$\mathsf{a} \ 7\mathsf{b}$</tex> DAC-based transmitter (TX) up to <tex>$112\mathsf{Gb}/\mathsf{s}$</tex> in <tex>$7\mathsf{nm}$</tex> FinFET technology for large-scale ASIC applications.
5D Spectrum Database

A key issue in the research and development of next-generation mobile communication systems (Beyond 5G/6G) is the availability of novel frequency bands. Currently, the frequency band below 6 GHz, which is suitable for mobile communications, is already tight, and technologies for highly efficient utilization of finite spectrum resources are required. Therefore, many researches have been conducted on the practical application of dynamic spectrum sharing technology for the effective use of spectrum. For this technology, it is important to precisely estimate the spectrum utilization of the wireless system and the propagation characteristics changes in each environment. Furthermore, in Beyond 5G/6G, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) such as satellites and drones are expected to be utilized to expand the communication area, which will require spectrum management in the height direction. In this paper, we design and develop a 5-dimensional (5D) spectrum database that extends the spectrum database of radio environment information from the 2-dimensional (2D) plane of latitude and longitude to a 3-dimensional (3D) space that includes height information, as well as time domain and frequency domain. Additionally, we describe the design details for the mobile satellites in the NTNs incorporated into the database. Finally, test results from the measurement campaign and calculated data size in the developed database are discussed.
Midcourse Space Experiment Spectra of the Orion Nebula and the Implications for Abundances in the Interstellar Medium

Spectra of the Orion Nebula were obtained with the Midcourse Space Experiment Spirit III interferometer from 370 to 2000 cm-1 with 2 cm-1 resolution in a 6' × 9' field of view (FOV) in 1996 November. Lines were detected of [S III] 534.4 cm-1, [Ne III] 642.9 cm-1, [Ne II] 780.4 cm-1, [S IV] 951.4 cm-1, [Ar III] 1112.2 cm-1, [Ar II] 1431.6 cm-1, H (7-6) 808.3 cm-1, H (8-6) 1332.9 cm-1, H (6-5) 1340.5 cm-1, H2(S1) 587.0 cm-1, H2(S2) 814.4 cm-1, H2(S3) 1034.7 cm-1, H2(S4) 1246.1 cm-1, and H2(S5) 1447.3 cm-1. The following abundances were determined from these lines: Ne/H = 9.9 ± 1.1 × 10-5, S/H = 8.1 ± 1.1 × 10-6, and Ar/H = 2.5 ± 0.2 × 10-6. These abundances are all less than solar and confirm that the Sun is overabundant in heavy elements without the need for correction for the composition of interstellar dust. The low sulfur abundance compared with solar is an indication that a significant amount of the sulfur in Orion is in dust grains. The FOV-averaged molecular hydrogen column density is ~1.6 × 1020 cm-2 for an excitation temperature of ~670 K and an extinction correction corresponding to an optical depth of 1.5 at 9.7 μm. The unidentified infrared emission features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 μm, attributable to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were also detected. A prominent, broad silicate feature centered near 18 μm and additional weak features were detected and are discussed.