Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional and Urban Development Under the Signs of Globalization: The Soybean Complex and the City of Agribusiness in Mato Grosso

abstract:Since the 1960s, the integration of local economic activities into global structures has fostered a continuous increase in the production of cash crops in Brazil. This has led to a far-reaching transformation of formerly peripheral regions. Given their wide range of uses, soybeans are a prime example of flex crops, which are becoming ever more important in global agribusiness. Soybean cultivation stands out as the main cause of widespread land use changes in many South American regions. The Brazilian state of Mato Grosso is one of the world's most important soy-growing regions, leading to controversial socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Drawing on the case of Sinop, the "City of Agribusiness," and its surrounding region, this article analyzes the complex territorial manifestations of global soybean production networks. We illustrate both the actor networks of agro-industrial soy production, as well as their functional interconnectedness and institutional embeddedness. Finally, we point out growing social-ecological problems caused by the ongoing soy boom. In doing so, the global production network approach offers great explanatory power for understanding global-local interdependencies and interactions.resumo:Desde a década de 1960, a integração das atividades econômicas locais nas estruturas globais tem fomentado um aumento contínuo da produção de commodities agrícolas no Brasil. Isto levou a uma transformação de longo alcance de regiões anteriormente periféricas. Dada sua ampla gama de usos, a soja é um excelente exemplo dessas culturas flex, que estão se tornando cada vez mais importantes no agronegócio global. O cultivo da soja, entretanto, destaca-se como a principal causa de mudanças generalizadas no uso da terra em muitas regiões da América do Sul. O estado brasileiro de Mato Grosso é uma das regiões mais importantes do mundo para o cultivo da soja, gerando impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais controversos. Baseado no caso do Sinop, a "cidade do agronegócio", e sua região, este artigo analisa as complexas manifestações territoriais das redes de produção globais de soja. Ilustramos tanto as redes de atores da produção agroindustrial de soja, como também sua interconexão funcional e seu enraizamento institucional. Além disso, os crescentes problemas socioecológicos do atual boom da soja também são aqui destacados. Neste contexto, a abordagem RPG (redes de produção globais) oferece grande poder explicativo para compreender as interdependências e interações globais-locais.
Chemical composition, in vitro assessment of antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae)

Context: Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb used in traditional medicine in Jordan and neighboring countries. Aims: To evaluate the cytotoxic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of A. orientalis against three cell lines MCF-7, Caco-2, and HDFa. In addition to assessing the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity. Further to analyze the phytochemical constituents. Methods: The phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were assessed using colorimetric methods. The antioxidant properties of both extracts were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power ability. Cytotoxicity was investigated using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results: The most abundant compounds in the extract were 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)- (27.2%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (12.8%), and methyl stearate (9.6%). The ethanolic extract demonstrated higher TPC and TFC than the aqueous extract. Also, the ethanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract using DPPH and the reducing power ability. Furthermore, the aqueous extract of A. orientalis has a potent cytotoxic effect against the Caco-2 cell line (IC50 = 2.059 ± 0.10 μg/mL). In contrast, the ethanolic extract demonstrated a cytotoxic effect against the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 59.32 ± 0.04 μg/mL). Both extracts did not exhibit a toxic effect against normal dermal fibroblast cell line (HDFa). Compared to non-cancerous cells, the ethanolic extract of A. orientalis demonstrated high selectivity against MCF-7 cells and limited selectivity against Caco-2 cells. In comparison, the aqueous extract was highly selective against both cancerous cells. Conclusions: A. orientalis demonstrated antioxidant properties and significant antiproliferative potential against breast and colon cancer. Therefore, additional investigations are needed to study the mechanism of the cytotoxicity for this plant.
The Recovery Potential for Underfunded Pension Plans

DESIGN PAPERS are part of the refereed Industry Paper Series , which are refereed by the Netspar Editorial Board. Design Papers discuss the design of a component of a pension system or product. A Netspar Design Paper analyzes the objective of a component and the possibilities for improving its efficacy. These papers are easily accessible for industry specialists who are responsible for designing the component being discussed. Authors are allowed to give their personal opinion in a separate section. Design Papers are presented for discussion at Netspar events. Representatives of academic and private sector partners, are invited to these events. Design Papers are published at the Netspar website.
Differential gene expression analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma reveals important genes for lymph node metastasis

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent thyroid cancer. We explored the differential gene expression (DEG) of the transcriptional regulation in thyroid cancer with the main aim of determining the genes involved in lymph node metastasis (LNM) in PTC. Methods: We employed a bioinformatics pipeline for RNA-Seq analysis in PTC with and without LNM at the gene expression level. We performed read mapping, read quantitation, and DEG analysis using STAR, Cufflinks, and Cuffdiff, respectively. Subsequently, functional annotation and pathway enrichment were carried out using FunRich (functional enrichment analysis tool). Results: Expression profiling revealed changes in the PTC with LNM (33 genes at p-value < 0.05 and log2 fold change |1.0|) compared to the adjacent normal thyroid, whereas 69 genes showed differential expressionsin the PTC with lymph node negative (LNN) versus adjacent normal thyroid. We identified 31 significant DEGs in PTC LNM versus PTC LNN; and 44 significant DEGs between adjacent normal thyroid tissues from PTC LNM and PTC LNN. The biological processes of genes expressed at higher levels in PTC LNM compared to PTC LNN were involved in cell communication, energy pathway, and metabolism, whereas ion transport, energy pathways, and regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolisms, were downregulated. Conclusion: These findings provide further evidence for the role of cellular transport regulatory processes in metastatic disease.
Candidemia: Changing dynamics from a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background and Purpose: Routine identification of Candida species and knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility patterns can prevent diagnostic delays and help clinicians choose appropriate empirical therapies. This study aimed to identify and speciate Candida isolates from bloodstream infections and evaluate their epidemiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were cultured in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital from January 2019 to May 2021, and the samples which showed growth of Candida species (spp.) were included in this study. Candida isolates were initially characterized by conventional techniques. Further identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed using Vitek 2 compact automated system. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software (Version 25.0). Results: Candida spp. were isolated from a total of 116 blood samples, 60.92% of which belonged to males. The majority (43.10%) of isolates were obtained from 0-1-month-old neonates, followed by infants (16.38%) and children in the age range of 1-17 years (16.38%). Only 6.89% of isolates were obtained from adults older than 18 years. Candida tropicalis (26.72%) was the most common species, followed by Candida pelliculosa (19.83%), Candida albicans (17.24%), Candida parapsilosis (14.66%), Candida famata (9.48%), and Candida krusei (9.48%). Other isolated species included Candida lusitaniae, Candida sphaerica, and Candida inconspicua. Out of 116 isolates, 101 isolates were subjected to Vitek 2 susceptibility testing. Overall, 21.78% (22/101) of Candida isolates were found to be resistant/intermediate. Among C. albicans isolates, resistance was observed only against voriconazole (20%) and fluconazole (5%); however, among non- albicans Candida species (NAC), resistance was observed against flucytosine (16.04%), followed by fluconazole (14.81%), voriconazole (3.70%), and caspofungin (3.70%). Conclusion: Non-albicans Candida spp. predominated over Candida albicans in causing bloodstream infections and were found to be more resistant to antifungals. Continuous surveillance is necessary to monitor changes in epidemiological and resistance patterns.
Evaluation of two feeding programs on productive traits and foot injuries in commercial turkeys

Introduction: Many factors affect live weight gain and carcass yield in poultry. Among those, feeding program, sex and diseases are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high protein (HP) and a low protein (LP) feeding programs in male and female turkeys on liveweight, carcass yield and foot injuries. Method: The high protein (HP) program consisted in diets with a higher content of crude protein than those of the low protein (LP) program, although the metabolizable energy was similar in both programs. Liveweight gain, carcass yield and foot injuries were evaluated. A complete randomized design with factorial arrangement and 128 replicates per treatment were used. The statistical analysis included the effects of the feeding program, sex and the interaction. Results: The turkeys from the HP program were heavier (P 1.5 cm of diameter) were more frequent (P<0.06) in the HP (28.3%) than in the LP (18.1%) program, and in males (P<0.05). Additionally, as turkeys got older, foot injuries grade 2 were more frequents (34.9, 37.8 y 60.2% for turkeys at weeks 15, 19 and 23 of age; P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that turkeys raised in the HP program were heavier, and that males were heavier and yielded more carcass than females. Frequency and severity of foot injuries were highest in HP program, in males and in older turkeys.
Strategi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19

Strategi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Tahrun Universitas PGRI Palembang e-mail: runtah98@yahoo.com Abstrak Salah satu dampak pandemi covid-19 dalam dunia pendidikan adalah diterapkannya pendidikan jarak jauh melalui Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) berbasis internet. Dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan ini, mahasiswa perlu melakukan strategi-strategi belajar tertentu secara nyata dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan strategi belajar bahasa Inggris oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian dilakukan di PPs Universitas PGRI Palembang dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 orang yang diambil berdasarkan teknik convinience sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket SILL (Strategy Inventory for Language Learning) dan dianalisis berdasarkan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum mahasiswa menggunakan semua jenis strategi belajar dengan intensitas yang berbeda, yaitu intensitas sedang mencapai 96% dan intensitas tinggi sebanyak 4%. Penggunaan strategi sosial mencapai rata-rata skor tertinggi, yaitu 81, 78 sebaliknya strategi mengingat memperoleh skor terendah, yaitu 68, 18. Selain itu, strategi sosial juga menunjukkan strategi belajar yang paling dominan diguanakan mahasiswa yaitu 40%, sedangkan strategi mengingat dan kognitif menunjukkan strategi belajar yang tidak memiliki dominasi penggunaan (0%). Temuan Ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa cenderung melibatkan orang lain dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran yang dapat mendorong terjadinya interaksi antar peserta didik perlu dikembangkan. Kata Kunci: strategi belajar, jenis-jenis strategi belajar, dominasi dan intensitas
Room Temperature Lasing in GeSn Microdisks Enabled by Strain Engineering

The success of GeSn alloys as active material for infrared lasers could pave the way toward a monolithic technology that can be manufactured within mainstream silicon photonics. Nonetheless, for operation on chip, lasing should occur at room temperature or beyond. Unfortunately, despite the intense research in recent years, many hurdles have yet to be overcome. An approach exploiting strain engineering to induce large tensile strain in micro‐disk made of GeSn alloy with Sn content of 14 at% is presented here. This method enables robust multimode laser emission at room temperature. Furthermore, tensile strain enables proper valence band engineering; as a result, over a large range of operating temperatures, lower lasing thresholds are observed compared to high Sn content GeSn lasers operating at similar wavelength.
Effect of Sustainable Agricultural Practices On Production Efficiency of Maize Farmers In Oyo And Ogun States Of Nigeria

ABSTRACT:One of the important factors of improving productivity in agricultural production is efficient utilization of inputs and having knowledge of production input elasticity and any socioeconomic characteristics of farmers that may be associated with production efficiency. This study assessed the status of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs) adoption and the link to efficiency in production of maize among farmers in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 370 maize farmers across Local Governments Areas and communities in the two States. Primary data were obtained from the farmers through questionnaire administration on their socio-economic characteristics, sustainable practices adopted, maize production resource use, and costs during farm season by the farmers. Analysis of data were carried out using descriptive statistics Stochastic Frontier Production and Stochastic Cost Function. The study showed that adoption of SAPs among farmers was generally low except for the use of improved seed that was adopted by more than 50% of the farmers. The parameter estimates of the production function showed that farm size (β = 0.4318, p<0.05), seed (β = 0.1077, p<0.05), fertilizer (β = 2197, p<0.05), labor (β = 0.1527, p<0.05), herbicide (β = 0.1329, p<0.05) and insecticide (β = 0.0921, p<0.05) have positive significant influence on the farm output. Socioeconomic factors influencing technical inefficiency were education, household size, farming experience, extension contact and access to credit while SAP factors influencing technical inefficiency were agroforestry and improved variety. Rent on land (β = 0.1788, p<0.01), price of seed (β = 0.0629, p<0.10), price of labor (β = 0.0984, p<0.01) and price of herbicide (β = 0.4117, p<0.01) were the significant variables in cost model. Socioeconomic factors influencing cost efficiency were age, farming experience, extension contact, and access to credit. SAPs factors affecting cost efficiency were use of organic manure, cover cropping, agroforestry, crop rotation and mixed cropping. The estimated average technical, allocative and economic efficiency were 0.59. 0.56 and 0.31 respectively. Adoption of different SAPs options was found as determinant factor of production. Farmers are encouraged to embrace SAPs to increase their productivity with present available resources.
Crowding-in or Crowding-Out? Complementarity and Substitutability Between Public and Private Investment in Pakistan

ABSTRACT:Starting in the early 1990s, Pakistan initiated a comprehensive program of deregulation and privatization. The program focused on deregulating the energy, finance, and banking sectors as well as privatization of hundreds of state-owned enterprises, finally broadening to increased opportunities for private sector firms in areas previously reserved for public sector firms such as airlines, ports, shipping, highways, and telecommunications. The deregulation and privatization programs succeeded in raising the real gross fixed capital formation in the private sector by 133% from 1991 to 2018. Yet, as a share of GDP, private investment in Pakistan has remained relatively stable at around 13% of national output, while public investment has remained around 2.8% of GDP. This paper investigates the debate on complementarity versus substitutability between public investment and private investment in Pakistan. A structural vector error correction model (SVECM) is estimated to examine how the relationship between public and private investment in Pakistan has evolved over time. Using the "great ratio" of output and investment, a stationary long-term relationship between output, public and private investment is embedded in the modeling framework, and identification of the SVECM is achieved by decomposing structural innovations into those producing temporary and permanent effects on the system. Applying the empirical framework to data from the World Bank over the 1964–2019 period, it is shown that while public investment may crowd out private investment temporarily in the short run, its effects on output are positive both in the short run and in the long run. Economic growth is the most important source of growth in private investment, even as private investment itself does not appear to contribute to economic growth in a major way. These findings have important policy implications. First, policies that increase government spending on public capital are likely to enhance productivity and output growth in the short and long run. Moreover, this effect may more than offset the negative impact of debt-financed government consumption. Second, a full accounting of investment undertaken by Pakistan's military-owned (but privately listed) companies may correct for the potential underestimation of the positive effects of public investment on output and private investment.
Towards a compact model for Schottky-barrier nanotube FETs

Issues pertinent to the development of a compact model for predicting the drain current-voltage characteristics of coaxial-geometry, Schottky-barrier, carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors are discussed. Information on the non-equilibrium barrier shapes at the source-tube and drain-tube contacts is inferred from exact 2-D solutions to Poisson's equation at equilibrium and Laplace's equation. This information is then used in a non-equilibrium flux approach to create a model that accounts for tunneling through both barriers and computes the drain current in the case of ballistic transport. For (16,0) tubes and a gate/tube-radius ratio of 10, saturation drain currents of about 1 /spl mu/m are predicted.
Analysis of the influence facilities, Quality of Service and Trust on loyalti customer in Star Hotel in Batam City

Every goods and service company is required to make customers feel loyal to the products and services offered. A company is said to be successful and profitable if it finds loyal customers in the long term. Star hotels are hotels with the expectectation that customers have good facilties, service quality and trust. Facility factors, service quality and trust are factors that considered to be able to make loyal customers while staying at five star hotels in the city of Batam. This research is to broaden our insight related to factors that influence customers loyalty in five star hotel in Batam. Based on scientific literature analysis collected from tracing in the last one decade, then variable facility, service quality and trust as variable independence is examined in this research. Research data sources consist of the society population of Batam. As many as 400 samples have been collected and next texted with the assistanced of SPSS 25.0 version. Method of tabulation is using descriptive statistic test, classical assumptive test and hypotheses test. Summary that we have from data analysis process, having the result that explaning facilities influences significantly towards customer loyalty, quality of service influences significantly towards customer loyalty and trust also influences significantly towards customer loyalty. limitation in this research of which there are a lot of other free variety that influence customers loyalty which is not explained in this research, in addition this research may not be able to be forwarded destination and other area and then this questionnaire is less distributed causing it cannot really represent all the opions of asian tourist.
Coagglomeration of Formal and Informal Manufacturing in India

ABSTRACT:Most developing countries have large and persistent informal sector. Historically, the literature was dominated by strict duality viewpoint, where the formal and informal sectors are treated as two separate entities. However, in recent times, a new approach has developed where the formal and informal sectors are not binary but they often co-exist and feed into each other. Most academic work on agglomeration economies is based on developed countries where almost all production takes place in the formal sector. Apriori, there is no reason to believe that agglomeration economies do not extend to the informal sector. Hence, in this paper, we hypothesize that agglomeration economies can arise from the interaction between formal and informal firms as well. To check the validity of the hypothesis, we study the geographic distribution and Coagglomeration pattern between formal and informal manufacturing firms in India. Using the firm level National Sample Survey for unincorporated enterprises and Annual Survey of Industries data, we calculate the Ellison and Glaeser Coagglomeration index at 2-digit NIC level. Further, using the Marshall's theory of agglomeration, we create four kinds of linkages to capture the nature of interdependence between formal and informal firms, i.e. Buyer, Supplier, Labor and Technology. We find that there is heavy clustering of both formal and informal manufacturing firms in India, however, mostly in different areas, with few exceptions like Western Uttar Pradesh and Southern Tamil Nadu. Out of 22 major industries, we find high coagglomeration only in 7. The average value of coagglomeration index at aggregate level decreases from 0.00536 in 2000-01 to -0.0027 in 2015-16. This indicate towards reduced interdependence over time, however in few industries it remains high. The average value of labor linkage increased from 0.1889 in 2000-01 to 0.3651 in 2015-16, during the same period buyer linkage remained constant around 0.2481 and supplier linkage fell from 0.5755 to 0.2749. The technology linkage remained low throughout in the range of 0.02-0.03. Strong buyer and labor linkage mean subcontracting of inputs is the main motive driving the interaction between formal and informal firms.