Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypnosis: A Brief History

Preface. 1. Trilby and Svengali . The Hypnotic Relation. The Nature of Hypnosis. Assessing the Myths of Hypnosis. From Trilby to Svengali. 2. Magnetic Fluid and Magnetic Sleep. Origins of Animal Magnetism. Mesmerism and Exorcism. Practicing Mesmerism. Mesmerism Assailed. Mesmerism Transformed. From Magnetic Fluid to Magnetic Sleep. 3. Mesmerism and Hypnosis. Fluidism and Animism. Mesmerism at University College Hospital. Mesmerism in Parlor and Sickroom. Mesmeric Anaesthesia. Neurypnology. From Magnetism to Hypnosis. 4. Body and Soul. Mesmerism in the United States. Phrenomagnetism and Electrobiology. Mesmerism and Spiritualism. Mesmerism and Swedenborgianism. New Thought and Christian Science. From Body to Soul. 5. Salpetriere and Nancy. Hypnosis at the Salpetriere. The Nancy Approach to Hypnosis. The Fall of Hypnosis. Hypnosis outside of the Mainstream. From Salpetriere to Nancy. 6. Laboratory and Clinic . Hypnosis Research in the Early Twentieth Century. Hypnosis Research during the World Wars. Psychological Healing in the Early Twentieth Century. The Resurgence of Clinical Hypnosis. The Rise of Popular Hypnosis. From Laboratory to Clinic. 7. State and Trait . Neodissociation Theory. Altered State Theories. Non-State Theories. Convergence in the State/Non-State Debate. The Trait Debate. From State to Trait. 8. Memory and Identity . Repression of Traumatic Memory. Hypnosis and Memory. Dissociation and Traumatic Memory. Challenges to the Post-Traumatic Model. Hypnosis and Dissociation of Identity. From Memory to Identity. 9. Present and Future . Medical Applications of Hypnosis. Psychotherapeutic Applications of Hypnosis. Unanswered Questions in the Trait Debate. Unanswered Questions in the State Debate. From the Present to the Future. References .
Contact-induced language change in Lima, Peru: The case of clitic pronouns

The city of Lima, Peru was completely transformed in the 20 century by the so-called “invasion” of migrants from the provinces. As a result of migration, Lima grew from a city of 645,000 inhabitants in 1940 to 6.5 million residents by the early 1990s. For native Limenos, who conceived of Lima as the seat of the former Spanish viceroyalty and Creole culture, the massive influx of migrants resulted in an “ethnic, social, cultural, and economic” confrontation (Golte and Adams 1987: 19). The majority of migrants came from rural provinces where indigenous languages, primarily Quechua, are spoken. The reaction of many Limenos to the new immigrants was not a positive one; they viewed the newcomers as socially inferior “invaders” who had taken over Lima, implanting poverty and ugliness (Golte and Adams 1987: 19). However, as Golte and Adams point out, in reality a new type of city was created, one in which new forms of production, both economic and cultural, were developed and in which the principal actors were migrants. Linguistically, the massive migration is especially interesting given the situation of language contact in Peru. In 1940 when the “invasions” began, over half of the population of Peru spoke an indigenous language. However, by the beginning of the 1980's only one-fourth of the population had some proficiency in one of these languages. It has been estimated that by 1989 approximately 60% of those who spoke indigenous languages in Peru also spoke Spanish (Escobar 2000: 30). Thus, there has been fairly rapid language shift in Peru over the past 60 years. As a result, migration from the Andean region has brought Andean Spanish, a variety that has been influenced by Quechua, into direct contact with coastal Limeno Spanish. Given the fact that the majority of the population of Lima now comprises migrants and their offspring, several Peruvian linguists have described the possible impact of dialect contact on traditional Limeno Spanish. Rivarola (1990: 171), for example, has stated: “[. ] la variedad costena estandar de tipo tradicional ha dejado de tener, en mi percepcion, fuerza normativa irradiadora y absorbente. [. S]e da ahora en la costa la presencia de fenomenos ajenos a los patrones tradicionales de esta zona, fenomenos que ejercen presion sobre ellos y que creo pueden terminar modificandolos o sustituyendolos. ” Cerron-Palomino (1995: 176) has characterized this process in even more radical terms: “el castellano andino [. ] ante el desborde popular y la recomposicion de las urbes, va arrinconando al castellano academico-normativo peruano, en franco proceso de retirada. ” In this chapter we will describe a pilot study conducted in Lima in which we examine some features of the clitic system of Andean migrants, their adult children, and native Limenos to determine whether certain characteristics of Andean Spanish, particularly leismo (i.e., the use of le(s) as an accusative), loismo (i.e., the use of lo(s) as a dative), and the use of the archmorpheme lo, are spreading to Limeno Spanish.
ADHD-AID: Aiding Tool for Detecting Children’s Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder via EEG-Based Multi-Resolution Analysis and Feature Selection

The severe effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adolescents can be prevented by timely identification and prompt therapeutic intervention. Traditional diagnostic techniques are complicated and time-consuming because they are subjective-based assessments. Machine learning (ML) techniques can automate this process and prevent the limitations of manual evaluation. However, most of the ML-based models extract few features from a single domain. Furthermore, most ML-based studies have not examined the most effective electrode placement on the skull, which affects the identification process, while others have not employed feature selection approaches to reduce the feature space dimension and consequently the complexity of the training models. This study presents an ML-based tool for automatically identifying ADHD entitled “ADHD-AID”. The present study uses several multi-resolution analysis techniques including variational mode decomposition, discrete wavelet transform, and empirical wavelet decomposition. ADHD-AID extracts thirty features from the time and time–frequency domains to identify ADHD, including nonlinear features, band-power features, entropy-based features, and statistical features. The present study also looks at the best EEG electrode placement for detecting ADHD. Additionally, it looks into the location combinations that have the most significant impact on identification accuracy. Additionally, it uses a variety of feature selection methods to choose those features that have the greatest influence on the diagnosis of ADHD, reducing the classification’s complexity and training time. The results show that ADHD-AID has provided scores for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and Mathew correlation coefficients of 0.991, 0.989, 0.992, 0.989, and 0.982, respectively, in identifying ADHD with 10-fold cross-validation. Also, the area under the curve has reached 0.9958. ADHD-AID’s results are significantly higher than those of all earlier studies for the detection of ADHD in adolescents. These notable and trustworthy findings support the use of such an automated tool as a means of assistance for doctors in the prompt identification of ADHD in youngsters.
Spatial interpolation and geostatistic simulation with the incremental Gaussian mixture network

Geostatistics aggregates a set of tools designed to deal with spatially correlated data. Two significant problems that Geostatistics tackles are the spatial interpolation and geostatistical simulation. Kriging and Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) are two examples of traditional geostatistical tools used for these kinds of problems. These methods perform well when the provided Variogram is well modeled. The problem is that modeling the Variogram requires expert knowledge and a certain familiarity with the dataset. This complexity might make Geostatistics tools the last choice of a non-expert. On the other hand, an important feature present in neural networks is their ability to learn from data, even when the user does not have much information about the particular dataset. However, traditional models, such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), do not perform well in spatial interpolation problems due to their difficulty in accurately modeling the spatial correlation between samples. With this motivation in mind, we adapted the Incremental Gaussian Mixture Network (IGMN) model for spatial interpolation and geostatistical simulation applications. The three most important contributions of this work are: 1. An improvement in the IGMN estimation process for spatial interpolation problems with sparse datasets; 2. An algorithm to perform Sequential Gaussian Simulation using IGMN instead of Kriging; 3. An algorithm that mixes the Direct Sampling (DS) method and IGMN for cluster-based Multiple Point Simulation (MPS) with training images. Results show that our approach outperforms MLP and the original IGMN in spatial interpolation problems, especially in anisotropic and sparse datasets (in terms of RMSE and CC). Also, our algorithm for sequential simulation using IGMN instead of Kriging can generate equally probable realizations of the defined simulation grid for unconditioned simulations. Finally, our algorithm that mixes the DS method and IGMN can produce better quality simulations and runs much faster than the original DS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a Neural Network model is specialized for spatial interpolation applications and can perform a geostatistical simulation.
Epistemological Perspectives on Design Science in IS Research

Design science is an established approach in IS research and the literature provides us with a fruitful discussion on its basic concepts, for instance, the IS research cycle (Hevner, March, Park and Sudha 2004), IT artifacts (Orlikowski and Iacono 2001; Weber 2003), or design theories (Markus, Majchrzak and Gasser 2002; Walls, Widmeyer and El Sawy 1992). However, many authors advocating the stance of design science often neglect the influence of basic philosophical and epistemological issues on design science. “The major emphasis of such debates [on positivism and interpretivism] lies in the epistemologies of research, the underlying assumption being that of natural sciences[, not of design science]. ” (Hevner et al. 2004, p. 98) Here, design science is often, to our understanding incorrectly, advocated as a third paradigm that adds up to positivism and interpretivism (Hevner et al. 2004; Vaishnavi and Kuechler 2006). However, also design scientists seek to conduct research and to evaluate their research results. At this juncture, we argue that the understanding of such concepts as ‘research rigour’, ‘research validity’ and also ‘research quality’ heavily depends on the underlying epistemological understanding, also in design science! In order to demonstrate and operationalize our argument, we will analyse Hevner et al.’s guidelines for design science in IS research (2004) taking an interpretivist perspective informed by Klein & Myers’s set of principles for conducting and evaluating interpretive field studies (1999). As a result, we will epistemologically reformulate the existing design science research guidelines and provide a basic outline for an interpretivist perspective on them.
Decentralized Coordination in RoboCup Rescue

Emergency responders are faced with a number of significant challenges when managing major disasters. First, the number of rescue tasks posed is usually larger than the number of responders (or agents) and the resources available to them. Second, each task is likely to require a different level of effort in order to be completed by its deadline. Third, new tasks may continually appear or disappear from the environment, thus requiring the responders to quickly recompute their allocation of resources. Fourth, forming teams or coalitions of multiple agents from different agencies is vital since no single agency will have all the resources needed to save victims, unblock roads and extinguish the fires which might erupt in the disaster space. Given this, coalitions have to be efficiently selected and scheduled to work across the disaster space so as to maximize the number of lives and the portion of the infrastructure saved. In particular, it is important that the selection of such coalitions should be performed in a decentralized fashion in order to avoid a single point of failure in the system. Moreover, it is critical that responders communicate only locally given they are likely to have limited battery power or minimal access to long-range communication devices. Against this background, we provide a novel decentralized solution to the coalition formation process that pervades disaster management. More specifically, we model the emergency management scenario defined in the RoboCup Rescue disaster simulation platform as a coalition formation with spatial and temporal constraints (CFST) problem where agents form coalitions to complete tasks, each with different demands. To design a decentralized algorithm for CFST, we formulate it as a distributed constraint optimization problem and show how to solve it using the state-of-the-art Max-Sum algorithm that provides a completely decentralized message-passing solution. We then provide a novel algorithm (F-Max-Sum) that avoids sending redundant messages and efficiently adapts to changes in the environment. In empirical evaluations, our algorithm is shown to generate better solutions than other decentralized algorithms used for this problem.
Examination of race disparities in physical inactivity among adults of similar social context.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether race disparities in physical inactivity are present among urban low-income Blacks and Whites living in similar social context. DESIGN This analysis included Black and White respondents ( > or = 18 years) from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities-Southwest Baltimore (EHDIC-SWB; N=1350) Study and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS; N = 67790). Respondents who reported no levels of moderate or vigorous physical activity, during leisure time, over a usual week were considered physically inactive. RESULTS After controlling for confounders, Blacks had higher adjusted odds of physical inactivity compared to Whites in the national sample (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.30-1.51). In EHDIC-SWB, Blacks and Whites had a similar odds of physical inactivity (OR = 1.09; 95% CI .86-1.40). CONCLUSION Social context contributes to our understanding of racial disparities in physical inactivity.
Fast Fault Tolerant Rumor Spreading with Minimum Message Complexity

We study fault tolerant rumor spreading algorithms in the complete graph topology. Our focus is on algorithms that use minimum communication both in a global and local sense: they establish the minimum possible number of inter-processor connections in total, and in each round each processor is involved in at most one connection. The challenge is in designing such algorithms that have an asymptotically optimal, that is, logarithmic, time complexity even in the presence of failed nodes. We rst show, using a coupling argument, that if nodes are crashed not adversarially, but independently at random with constant probability less than one, then already the basic GP algorithm of Gasieniec and Pelc (Parallel Computing 22:903{912, 1996) with high probability has an asymptotically optimal O(logn) time complexity. This improves signicantly over the worst-case guarantee of f +O(logn) given there for f crashed nodes. We then show that by adding randomization to the algorithm, these time and communication complexities can be maintained also against adversarial failures. This is easily achieved by running the GP-algorithm with randomly permuted node labels , at the price, however, of increasing the communication overhead to an average (log
Living with a diagnosis of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia: The person’s experience

Research investigating behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia has concentrated on identifying and quantifying people’s difficulties; yet few studies have considered how people with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia make sense of their difficulties. Five participants were interviewed and interpretive phenomenological analysis used to analyse the data. Two superordinate themes emerged: ‘Bewilderment’ and ‘Relationships with others’. ‘Bewilderment’ reflected the feelings of the participants from the start of their dementia, and was divided into two main themes (1) ‘Awareness of change: What’s the problem? and (2) Threats to self: This is not me. The superordinate theme, ‘Relationships with others’, reflected difficulties with social relationships and comprised two main themes (1) ‘Family and friends: Things haven’t changed… but do I say anything wrong? ’ and (2) Coping with threats to self: Blame others or just avoid them. The themes were discussed in relation to literature evaluating the difficulties associated with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia together with implications for clinical practice.
Handbook of Psycholinguistics

K. Haberlandt, Methods in Reading Research. F. Ferreira and M. Anes, Why Study Spoken Language? K. Rayner and S.C. Sereno, Eye Movements in Reading Psycholinguistic Studies. M. Kutas and C.K. Van Petten, Psycholinguistics Electrified: Event-Related Brain Potential Investigations. R.E. Remez, A Guide to Research on the Perception of Speech. K.R. Kluender, Speech Perception as a Tractable Problem in Cognitive Science. D.W. Massaro, Psychological Aspects of Speech Perception: Implications for Research and Theory. S.E. Lively, D.B. Pisoni, and S.D. Goldinger, Spoken Word Recognition: Research and Theory. D.A. Balota, Visual Word Recognition: The Journey from Features to Meaning. G.B. Simpson, Context and the Processing of Ambiguous Words. D.C. Mitchell, Sentence Parsing. R.W. Gibbs, Jr., Figurative Thought and Figurative Language. C. Cacciari and S. Glucksberg, Understanding Figurative Language. M. Singer, Discourse Inference Processes. A.C. Graesser, C.L. McMahen, and B.K. Johnson, Question Asking and Answering. P. van den Broek, Comprehension and Memory of Narrative Texts: Inferences and Coherence. C.R. Fletcher, Levels of Representation in Memory for Discourse. A.M. Glenberg, P. Kruley, and W.E. Langston, Analogical Processes in Comprehension: Simulation of a Mental Model. B.K. Britton, Understanding Expository Text: Building Mental Structures to Induce Insights. S.C. Garrod and A.J. Sanford, Resolving Sentences in a Discourse Context: How Discourse Representation Affects Language Understanding. A.J. Sanford and S.C. Garrod, Selective Processing in Text Understanding. W. Kintsch, The Psychology of Discourse Processing. P. Bloom, Recent Controversies in the Study of Language Acquisition. L. Gerken, Child Phonology: Past Research, Present Questions, Future Directions. J. Oakhill, Individual Differences in Children's Text Comprehension. C.A. Perfetti, Psycholinguistics and Reading Ability. R.K. Olson, Language Deficits in Specific Reading Disability. K. Kilborn, Learning a Language Late: Second Language Acquisition in Adults. K. Bock and W. Levelt, Language Production: Grammatical Encoding. H.H. Clark, Discourse in Production. D. Caplan, Language and the Brain. E. Zurif and D. Swinney, The Neuropsychology of Language. P.A. Carpenter, A. Miyake, and M.A Just, Working Memory Constraints in Comprehension: Evidence from Individual Differences, Aphasia, and Aging. A. Garnham, Future Directions. Index.
Relay feedback tuning of robust PID controllers with iso-damping property

A new tuning method for proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller design is proposed for a class of unknown, stable, and minimum phase plants. We are able to design a PID controller to ensure that the phase Bode plot is flat, i.e., the phase derivative w.r. t. the frequency is zero, at a given frequency called the "tangent frequency" so that the closed-loop system is robust to gain variations and the step responses exhibit an iso-damping property. At the "tangent frequency", the Nyquist curve tangentially touches the sensitivity circle. Several relay feedback tests are used to identify the plant gain and phase at the tangent frequency in an iterative way. The identified plant gain and phase at the desired tangent frequency are used to estimate the derivatives of amplitude and phase of the plant with respect to frequency at the same frequency point by Bode's integral relationship. Then, these derivatives are used to design a PID controller for slope adjustment of the Nyquist plot to achieve the robustness of the system to gain variations. No plant model is assumed during the PID controller design. Only several relay tests are needed. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness and the simplicity of the proposed method for robust PID controller design with an iso-damping property.
The Emergence of Exchange Politics in China and its Implications for Church–State Relations

Abstract The politics of efficiency characterised by economic growth alone cannot help to strengthen the legitimacy of the Chinese authorities, because people demand justice, equality and rights. The authorities have therefore introduced the politics of equity, in the form of exchange politics, and the ideology of a harmonious society. Under the new political order characterised by exchange relationships it is not an adequate understanding of Chinese religious policy to see it just as a matter of curbing the growth and influence of religion. In fact, the churches have relatively greater freedom and a greater public role than in the 1980s and 1990s. As the more dependent actor, the churches are still subjected to an authoritarian government. Nevertheless, the more dependent actor is not completely passive, for exchange relationships are always dynamic rather than static. In this paper I focus on Protestantism, and I suggest that the churches should seize this opportunity to work with the government for the common good, on condition that the churches are engaged in reframing the question of the legitimisation of the government by an involvement with the concerns of the people. The churches will need to use soft power rather than hard power, not only because exchange politics in China does not allow challenges to the authority of the government, but also because, unlike the churches in some former Eastern European socialist countries, the churches in China do not have much bargaining power.