Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The engineer’s ” peculiar sort of frustration ” with Shannon’s Boolean algebra.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The engineer’s ” peculiar sort of frustration ” with Shannon’s Boolean algebra. Maarten Bullynck
Estimating Random-X Prediction Error of Regression Models

The areas of model selection and model evaluation for predictive modeling have received extensive treatment in the statistics literature, leading to both theoretical advances and practical methods based on covariance penalties and other approaches. However, the majority of this work, and especially the practical approaches, are based on the "Fixed-X assumption", where covariate values are assumed to be non-random and known. By contrast, in most modern predictive modeling applications, it is more reasonable to take the "Random-X" view, where future prediction points are random and new. In this paper we concentrate on examining the applicability of the covariance-penalty approaches to this problem. We propose a decomposition of the Random-X prediction error that clarifies the additional error due to Random-X, which is present in both the variance and bias components of the error. This decomposition is general, but we focus on its application to the fundamental case of least squares regression. We show how to quantify the excess variance under some assumptions using standard random-matrix results, leading to a covariance penalty approach we term $RCp$. When the variance of the error is unknown, using the standard unbiased estimate leads to an approach we term $\hat{RCp}$, which is closely related to existing methods MSEP and GCV. To account for excess bias, we propose to take only the bias component of the ordinary cross validation (OCV) estimate, resulting in a hybrid penalty we term $RCp^+$. We demonstrate by theoretical analysis and simulations that this approach is consistently superior to OCV, although the difference is typically small.
Visual Search, Prediction Ability and Brain Neural Mechanisms of Different of Female Volleyball Players

In order to explore whether the experience within the role of movement influences information processing, this paper studies the visual search and prediction abilities of different women volleyball players and their brain neural mechanisms. A laboratory composing of a preparatory room, a master control room, and a test room was established. Subjects were required to perform experimental tasks in the test room alone. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the main effect of the role was significant, indicating that different roles have different responses to different types of attacks. Volleyball players of different roles use different visual search strategies for visual search. The main attack team and the supporting attack team use short search durations more frequently for gaze duration.
Bifurcation of periodic solutions in a nonlinear difference-differential equations of neutral type

The existence of a self-sustained periodic solution in the autonomous equation m'(t) — au' (t — h) + /3u(t) + ay u(t — h) = «/(w(r)) is proved under appropriate assumptions on a, ft, y, f and h. The method of proof consists in converting this equation into an equivalent nonlinear integral equation and demonstrating the convergence of an appropriate iteration scheme. In this paper we consider the equation m'(t) — au'(r — h) + /3w(r) + ayu(r — h) = ef(u(T)), (1) where h > 0 and a = aa(l + e). The existence of a periodic solution will be proved for small t > 0 under appropriate assumptions on the parameters a0, (3, y, and /. The left-hand side of this equation is a linear difference-differential operator of neutral type (for a definition see [1]). The existence of periodic solutions for functional-differential equations which include difference-differential equations of retarded type but not neutral type has been discussed by Krasovskii [2], Shimanov [3], [4], and Hale [5]. In all these cases, the equations are of the forced type where the right-hand side is a 2? r-periodic function of r. Equation (1), which we consider, is autonomous, and we look for a self-sustained oscillation. Difference-differential equations of the type (1) arise from electrical networks such as the one shown in Fig. 1. The equations of this network are Udi/dt) = -dv/dx, 0 < ^ < J (2) C{dv/dt) = —di/dx, E — v(0, t) — Ri(0, t) = 0, Ci(dv(l, t)/dt) = i{ 1, t) — g(v( 1, t)), where L, C are the specific inductance and capacitance in the transmission line. The question of the existence of a periodic solution of some unknown period T can be posed by giving the additional boundary conditions v(x, 0) = v(x, T), i(x, 0) = i(x, T). Thus, we have a boundary-value problem for a hyperbolic partial differential equation with boundary conditions given on the rectangle shown in Fig. 2. Of course, in general, a boundary-value problem for a hyperbolic equation is not well posed. The difference here is that the boundary t — T is free to be chosen. •Received November 5, 1965; revised manuscript received March 4, 1966. The results reported in this paper were obtained in the couse of research jointly sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Contract AF 49(638)-1139) and IBM. 216 It. K. BRAYTON [Vol. XXIV, No. 3
Performance Improvement of an Optical Coherence Tomography System by use of an Optical Pupil Slicer

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a dispersed interferometric technology used to obtain tomographic images, typically of tissue for medical applications. OCT is a competing technology with confocal microscopy (CM) and confocal fluorescent microscopy (CFM), which are both used for biopsy imaging for pathology as the gold standard. OCT offers several advantages over CM/CFM: it is able to acquire a full 3D image in a single pass, it requires little or no sample preparation time, and the axial (depth) and lateral (transverse) resolution are not dependent on one another. SD-OCT is limited in imaging depth to a few millimetres due to the quality performance of the spectrograph section of the instrument–that which determines the sensitivity of the SD-OCT system. In this thesis a design for an SD-OCT system is presented that is suitable for biopsy imaging for pathological studies, i.e. an OCT microscope. The purpose of this system is to provide a fast diagnosis to be made in a surgical environment to reduce the amount of tissue removed from a patient and lower the chance of a returned visit at a later date due to insufficient tissue removal. The secondary purpose of the SD-OCT microscope is to serve as a research testbed system for implementing novel hardware advancements. One such technology, called an optical pupil slicer (OPS), will be implemented in the instrument to improve the depth imaging performance of the SD-OCT system over conventional SD-OCT systems. The OPS is a device that generally improves the performance of a dispersive-type spectrograph by increasing the spectral resolution without a loss in throughput, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the SD-OCT system.
An efficient usage rate biclustering algorithm in real-valued function-resource dataset

Task synthesis, function fusion, and resource integration are used to get higher performance and more reliability in integrated modular avionics system. However, safety issue is caused in the system integration process. In order to discover the potential hazards for function layer safety analysis, in this paper, we proposed an efficient biclustering algorithm—DeCluster, which can effectively mine all biclusters with maximal variant usage rate or maximal low usage rate in real-valued function-resource dataset. First, it constructs a sample weighted graph, which contains all resource relations set between two samples that satisfy the definitions; second, all maximal variant usage rate or low usage rate biclusters are mined in the graph. In order to get higher the mining efficiency of the algorithm, DeCluster algorithm uses several pruning strategies. The experimental results show our algorithm is more efficient.
Minimal circular strongly balanced repeated measurements designs in periods of three different sizes

ABSTRACT Repeated measurements designs (RMD) are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences, and psychology. If there is a restriction on the total number of treatments, some experimental units can receive on the total length of time while some experimental units can remain in the trial, then RMD in periods of unequal sizes should be used. In this article, some infinite series are developed to generate the minimal circular strongly balanced RMD in periods of three different sizes p1, p2, and p3, where 2 ≤ p3 < p2 ≤ 10.
Determination of Critical Period for Sustainable Weed Management and Yield of Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) under Sub-Tropical Condition

A field investigation was run to ascertain the critical period of weed control in jute (Corchorus olitorius). The study consisted of two distinct sets of treatments, with one set of weeds being left to invade the crop for a longer period of time, specifically, for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) and up to harvest. In the other set of treatments, the plants remained weed-free for progressively longer periods, i.e., 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS, and until harvest. The reduction in fibre yield (FY) was recorded as 53.39% when weed interference was permitted from the beginning to harvest, as opposed to the season-long weed-free period. The critical period for weed competition (CPWC) of jute was calculated as being 11 to 68 DAS and 19 to 59 DAS, based on results of 5% and 10% yield loss, respectively. Under the 5% yield loss condition, although yield was higher (3.36 t ha−1), the benefit cost ratio (BCR) was lower (1.65), whereas yield was slightly lower (3.19 t ha−1) but BCR was higher (1.73) with respect to 10% yield loss. Therefore, jute fields should be kept weed free from 19 to 59 days after sowing, and a weed management strategy should be undertaken accordingly.
A Review of Smartphone Security Challenges and Prevention

With the invention of a powerful, portable and lightweight device called a smartphone, there has been a very high number of its usage and a subsequent rise in the security issues involved in using a smartphone. Smartphones have gone from being non-existent many years ago to being heavily relied upon by a lot of people globally. This is because it is highly functional and contains various features. It is used for many different things like internet banking, entertainment, ecommerce, communication, mathematical calculations and many other things. Various types of smartphones and their distinct features were also identified, with android smartphone, iPhones, Window and Symbian being the top popular types of Mobile devices. Irrespective of the type of smartphone, there is a lot of data stored on it and most of the data stored are sensitive and susceptible to attack. There are a number of causes for smartphone security issues which can vary based on the type of the smartphone. Some of these causes were identified to be outdated OS or third-party apps, use of public WiFi, low security network protocols, physical breach and convergence. There are many examples of the security issues of smartphones which includes; malware attack, phishing attacks, spyware, identity theft, data invasion and theft and OS exploits. In the research work, we looked into ways to prevent these security issues which include; timely updates of OS and third-party apps, use of secure WiFi, use of antivirus, authentication and authentication. Desk research involving the literature review of “Smartphone” and “Smartphone security challenges and prevention” journals and articles were used. The research paper aimed to provide a concise knowledge and clear understanding of smartphones, its security and the prevention of the security challenges and also highlight the preventive measures that could be put in place to secure smartphones
Emerging Role of SMYD Family of Proteins in Human Tumorigenesis

Protein lysine methylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that promotes protein complex formation to regulate DNA replication, gene expression, and repair mechanisms. The Su(Var)3–9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax (SET) and Myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain-containing proteins SMYD are lysine methyltransferases that catalyze the methylation of various histone and non-histone proteins. There are five members of this SMYD family, and all of these have conserved SET and MYND domains. The SET domain is divided into two segments by the MYND domain (the S-sequence and a core SET domain). SMYD Family performs a key role in numerous biological functions, including growth, development, apoptosis, and proliferation. SMYD family members are associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology and pathology. Several studies have shown that aberrant lysine methylation plays a significant role in oncogenesis. Recently, the SMYD family has gained importance for its role in various mechanisms involved in cancer development and progressions, such as methylation and modification of tumor suppressor proteins (p53 and pRb), transcriptional factors (STAT3, NF-κB), nuclear proteins (PARP1), chaperons (Hsp90), protein kinases (MAPK, ERK), and cell cycle regulatory proteins (CDKN2). SMYD family proteins drive oncogenesis, lead the way to metastasis, and develop chemoresistance, allowing cancer cells to grow, invade the neighboring tissues, and resist therapeutics. In this review, we summarize SMYD family members' role in different cancers by focusing on their histone and non-histone methylation targets and illustrating the mechanism of SMYD family-mediated oncogenesis.
Current Approaches to The Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Prospects for The Use of Innovative Methods and Technologies in Medicine

This article examines current approaches to the treatment of chronic diseases and prospects for the use of innovative methods and technologies in medicine. The paper presents an overview of modern methods of treatment of chronic diseases, such as drug therapy, exercise, diet and lifestyle changes. New methods are also being considered, such as the use of technologies related to AI, biotechnology, gene therapy, nanotechnology, etc. In addition, the authors describe how these methods can help in more accurate diagnosis and the choice of individual treatment for the patient. The article also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as the potential risks and ethical issues associated with their use. The authors conclude that the use of innovative methods and technologies can significantly improve the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases and improve the quality of life of patients, but also requires additional research and regulation by medical organizations and governments. One of the most promising areas in the treatment of chronic diseases is the use of AI and machine learning. These technologies can help in more accurate diagnosis, selection of individual treatment, monitoring of the patient's condition and prediction of possible complications. Biotechnologies also provide new opportunities in the treatment of chronic diseases. For example, the use of therapeutic proteins and gene therapy can be effective in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Nanotechnology may also have significant potential in the treatment of chronic diseases. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs to specific places in the body and to diagnose early stages of diseases. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of innovative methods and technologies is also associated with risks and ethical issues. For example, when using gene therapy, unexpected side effects are possible, and the use of AI and machine learning can lead to problems with the confidentiality of patient data. In general, the use of innovative methods and technologies can significantly improve the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases and improve the quality of life of patients. However, before the introduction of these methods and technologies into medical practice, it is necessary to conduct thorough research, evaluate the effectiveness and safety, as well as take into account ethical and legal aspects
Role of reservoirs of urban heat island effect mitigation in human settlements: moderate climate zone

: This paper presents the problem of the increasing negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on urban residents based on land surface temperature (LST). It is assumed that water bodies in the agglomeration remain cooler than the air and surrounding urban areas. The study aimed to determine the impact of water bodies and surrounding areas covered by trees on the temperature of an urban area and to minimise the impact of UHI on the life quality of people in the temperate climate zone at day temperatures 25°C (W day) and 29°C (H day). In the adopted research methodology, 167 reservoirs, larger than 1 ha, located within 300 m of urban areas, were analysed. Satellite thermal imagery, spatial land use data (Corine Land Cover), and local land characteristics were used. The average temperature of the reservoirs was appropriately at 4.69°C on W day and 1.9°C for H day lower than in residential areas. The average temperature of areas at a distance of 30 m from the reservoirs was 2.69°C higher on W and 0.32°C higher on H than the water of the reservoirs. The area covered by trees was 0.52°C lower on W day and 0.39°C lower on H day than the residential areas located at a distance of 300 m from the reservoir. On terrestrial areas, the lowest temperature was observed in the area covered by trees within 0–30 m from reservoirs both on warm and hot days. Based on the results of this study, UHI mitigation solutions can be suggested.
Assessing seasonal trends and variability of vegetation growth from NDVI3g, MODIS NDVI and EVI over South Asia

ABSTRACT The characterization of vegetation dynamics over South Asia (SA) has been primarily conducted using satellite time series of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). However, various vegetation indices may show diverse trend patterns over the same area. This study analysed the consistency of the vegetation spatiotemporal trends from AVHRR version 3 NDVI (NDVI3g) with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) over SA during various seasons, assuming that MODIS products are of higher quality. Results showed that the spatiotemporal vegetation trends derived from the NDVI3g were analogous to both MODIS NDVI and EVI indicating greening over semi-arid regions where croplands dominate and browning over tropical/subtropical forest areas. Correlations among them were better during winter monsoon. Discrepancies occurred in tropical/subtropical densely vegetated (humid) and complex topographic areas specifically during summer monsoon (SM). This study improved the understanding of the heterogeneous vegetation trends over the vast complicated terrain of SA. It was revealed that NDVI3g is reliable to quantify vegetation trends over SA, however, calibration errors still could introduce biases during SM season.
Dimensional characterization of extracellular vesicles using atomic force microscopy

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small biological entities released from cells into body fluids. EV are recognized as mediators in intercellular communication and influence important physiological processes. It has been shown that the concentration and composition of EV in body fluids may differ from healthy subjects to patients suffering from particular disease. So, EV have gained a strong scientific and clinical interest as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Due to their small size, accurate detection and characterization of EV remain challenging. The aim of the presented work is to propose a characterization method of erythrocyte-derived EV using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The vesicles are immobilized on anti-CD235a-modified mica and analyzed by AFM under buffer liquid and dry conditions. EV detected under both conditions show very similar sizes namely ~30 nm high and ~90 nm wide. The size of these vesicles remains stable over drying time as long as 7 d at room temperature. Since the detected vesicles are not spherical, EV are characterized by their height and diameter, and not only by the height as is usually done for spherical nanoparticles. In order to obtain an accurate measurement of EV diameters, the geometry of the AFM tip was evaluated to account for the lateral broadening artifact inherent to AFM measurements. To do so, spherical polystyrene (PS) nanobeads and EV were concomitantly deposited on the same mica substrate and simultaneously measured by AFM under dry conditions. By applying this procedure, direct calibration of the AFM tip could be performed together with EV characterization under identical experimental conditions minimizing external sources of uncertainty on the shape and size of the tip, thus allowing standardization of EV measurement.
2022 Mw 6.6 Luding, China, Earthquake: A Strong Continental Event Illuminating the Moxi Seismic Gap

On 5 September 2022, an Mw 6.6 strike-slip earthquake occurred in Luding, Sichuan, China. It illuminates the seismic gap on the southern end of Xianshuihe fault zone, that is Moxi segment, and is the most damaging earthquake in Chinese Mainland since 2014. In this article, we use multiple seismological methods to analyze the basic characteristics of the Luding earthquake, including its source parameters, rupture process, aftershock distribution, and further discuss its implications on preseismic fault behavior and impact on short-term seismic hazard. Using near-field stations, we first revisit the source parameters of the mainshock and obtain a much shallower hypocentral depth (∼9.3 km) than previously reported. Next, we jointly inverse the teleseismic P-wave data and near-field strong-motion data to constrain the mainshock rupture process. The coseismic slip consists of two subevents that spans for ∼20 km and shows an overall unilateral rupture to the south-southeast direction. The earthquake has 90% of the seismic moment released in its first 10 s. Third, we relocate the first 34 days of aftershocks with both manual phase picks and cross correlation, and finally obtain 5269 well-located events. The aftershocks reveal a near-vertical Xianshuihe fault and two sets of unmapped faults off the major Xianshuihe fault: one set of strike-slip faults on the north-northwest of rupture and the other one on the west of mainshock that generates the most intense seismicity with prevalent normal faulting. By examining the aftershock evolution and Coulomb stress change, we find that postseismic processes evolve both on and off the major fault, and the western off-fault system has highly variable fault orientations. Finally, we calculate the Coulomb stress change by the Luding earthquake on surrounding faults. Results show that the north Anninghe fault is significantly loaded by the Luding earthquake (>0.1 MPa), which poses high seismic hazard in the short term.