Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial Precipitation Distribution in the HeiheCatchment, Northwest China, During the Past 40 a

The paper summaries temporal andspatial distributive characteristics of precipitation forthe Past 40 a at the Heihe catchment. Spatially, precipitation tends to increase obviously from northwest tosoutheast. However, the tendency appears to have difference between the alpine and plain areas and between the east and west. Vapor source is also differentbetween the east and west, which may be divided at99.5 E, so that distribution of monthly precipitationappears to be different in the eastern and the westernareas of the catchment. Longitudinally, precipitationincreases from north to south. Change of precipitation with altitude is different in the west and east ofthe catchment, precipitation appears to increaselinearly in the west and non-linearly in the east,which leads maximum precipitation at 2400~3000m. Based on distribution of precipitation, the paperdiscusses difference and connection of precipitationfor various seasons in alpine and plain, and easternand western areas. Change of precipitation series forthe various areas is also analyzed. In the past 40 a,change of precipitation tends to be similar in alpineand plain areas, and eastern and western areas of thecatchment it shows to have two different stages ofchange that is divided at the beginning of 1980. Precipitation tends to decrease markedly since 1980.
An advocacy perspective on screening and early diagnosis of lung cancer

The Alliance for Lung Cancer Advocacy, Support, and Education (ALCASE) is the only nonprofit organization in the world that is dedicated solely to advocating for, supporting, and educating people who are at risk for or are living with lung cancer. Thus, we were pleased to be asked to participate in the Program Planning Committee for the International Conference on Prevention and Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and to participate in the conference itself on December 9 –10, 1998 in Varese, Italy. The conference was both timely and provocative. It focused on three important issues: Does screening for lung cancer save lives? Are there newer methods for detecting lung cancer early? Can we afford to screen for lung cancer?
University of Birmingham Studies of the resonance structure in D0 K±± decays

Amplitude models are constructed to describe the resonance structure of D 0 → K − π + π + π − and D 0 → K + π − π − π + decays using pp collision data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 f b − 1 . The largest contributions to both decay amplitudes are found to come from axial resonances, with decay modes D 0 → a 1 ( 1260 ) + K − and D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 / 1400 ) + π − being prominent in D 0 → K − π + π + π − and D 0 → K + π − π − π + , respectively. Precise measurements of the lineshape parameters and couplings of the a 1 ( 1260 ) + , K 1 ( 1270 ) − and K ( 1460 ) − resonances are made, and a quasi model-independent study of the K ( 1460 ) − resonance is performed. The coherence factor of the decays is calculated from the amplitude models to be R K 3 π = 0 . 459 ± 0 . 010 ( stat ) ± 0 . 012 ( syst ) ± 0 . 020 ( model ) , which is consistent with direct measurements. These models will be useful in future measurements of the unitary-triangle angle γ and studies of charm mixing and CP violation.
Analysis of Strong SSW Events and Its Variation Rule in the Past Fifty Years

Two indices for strong SSW events are put forward in this paper,according to the WMO standards.Using the NCEP/NCAR reananysis daily temperature and height data at 30hPa level,35 strong SSW events during January to March from 1950 to 2002 are determined.The climate and its anomalous features of SSW events are given,and their formation mechanism is partly explained by the interannual change and abnormality of sunshine and ozone distribution in the mid-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
Prayer Camps and Biomedical Care in Ghana: Is Collaboration in Mental Health Care Possible?

Background Experts have suggested that intersectoral partnerships between prayer camps and biomedical care providers may be an effective strategy to address the overwhelming shortage of mental health care workers in Africa and other low-income settings. Nevertheless, previous studies have not explored whether the prayer camp and biomedical staff beliefs and practices provide sufficient common ground to enable cooperative relationships. Therefore, we sought to examine the beliefs and practices of prayer camp staff and the perspective of biomedical care providers, with the goal of characterizing interest in—and potential for—intersectoral partnership between prayer camp staff and biomedical care providers. Methods We conducted 50 open-ended, semi-structured interviews with prophets and staff at nine Christian prayer camps in Ghana, and with staff within Ghana’s three public psychiatric hospitals. We used the purposive sampling method to recruit participants and the constant comparative method for qualitative data analysis. Results Prayer camp staff expressed interest in collaboration with biomedical mental health care providers, particularly if partnerships could provide technical support introducing medications in the prayer camp and address key shortcomings in their infrastructure and hygienic conditions. Nevertheless, challenges for collaboration were apparent as prayer camp staff expressed strong beliefs in a spiritual rather than biomedical explanatory model for mental illness, frequently used fasting and chained restraints in the course of treatment, and endorsed only short-term use of medication to treat mental illness—expressing concerns that long-term medication regimens masked underlying spiritual causes of illness. Biomedical providers were skeptical about the spiritual interpretations of mental illness held by faith healers, and were concerned by the use of chains, fasting, and the lack of adequate living facilities for patients in prayer camps; many, however, expressed interest in engaging with prayer camps to expand access to clinical care for patients residing in the camps. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that biomedical care providers are interested in engaging with prayer camps. Key areas where partnerships may best improve conditions for patients at prayer camps include collaborating on creating safe and secure physical spaces and delivering medication for mental illness to patients living in prayer camps. However, while prayer camp staff are willing to engage biomedical knowledge, deeply held beliefs and routine practices of faith and biomedical healers are difficult to reconcile Additional discussion is needed to find the common ground on which the scarce resources for mental health care in Ghana can collaborate most effectively.
ANIMAL MODEL OF HUMAN

The effects of acute exposure to ionizing radiation in humans are generally reflected in damage to the brain when doses exceed 3000 rad, to the gastrointestinal tract at doses from 300 to 3000 rad, and to the hematopoietic tissues at doses less than 300 rad. ' Deposition of radiation energy in cells causes physicochemical changes in DNA; since the information for all cellular physiologic processes is carried on DNA,2 damage to DNA mav play a crucial role in injur. to the cells and ultimately to pathologic changes in organs.
Lignocellulolytic enzyme production of Pleurotus ostreatus growth in agroindustrial wastes

The mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus has nutritional and medicinal characteristics that depend on the growth substrate. In nature, this fungus grows on dead wood, but it can be artificially cultivated on agricultural wastes (coffee husks, eucalyptus sawdust, corncobs and sugar cane bagasse). The degradation of agricultural wastes involves some enzyme complexes made up of oxidative (laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) and hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases, xylanases and tanases). Understanding how these enzymes work will help to improve the productivity of mushroom cultures and decrease the potential pollution that can be caused by inadequate discharge of the agroindustrial residues. The objective of this work was to assess the activity of the lignocellulolytic enzymes produced by two P. ostreatus strains (PLO 2 and PLO 6). These strains were used to inoculate samples of coffee husks, eucalyptus sawdust or eucalyptus bark add with or without 20 % rice bran. Every five days after substrate inoculation, the enzyme activity and soluble protein concentration were evaluated. The maximum activity of oxidative enzymes was observed at day 10 after inoculation, and the activity of the hydrolytic enzymes increased during the entire period of the experiment. The results show that substrate composition and colonization time influenced the activity of the lignocellulolytic enzymes.
Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Virtual Hub-and-spoke in Bgp/mpls Vpns

With BGP/MPLS Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), providing any-to-any connectivity among sites of a given VPN would require each Provider Edge (PE) router connected to one or more of these sites to hold all the routes of that VPN. The approach described in this document allows the VPN service provider to reduce the number of PE routers that have to maintain all these routes by requiring only a subset of these routers to maintain all these routes
The Influence of Annealing Temperature on Optical Properties of Tin Oxide ( SnO 2 ) Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Process

The research paper reveals study of influence of annealing temperature on optical properties of Tin Oxide (SnO2) thin films prepared by Thermal Evaporation process. Tin Oxide thin films were synthesized on glass substrate (corning 7059) by Thermal Evaporation unit (model 12A 4D) and annealed at different temperatures (100c, 200c, 300c & 400c) for different durations (1hr, 2hr, 3hr). Optical characteristics were analyzed from the transmission spectrum data which was obtained from UV/VIS spectrophotometer (model ELICO-159). From the study of optical properties it was observed that all the samples exhibited maximum transmittance above 70%, average transmittance was maximum at 100c for each annealing time. Refractive index of the films was varied with respect to annealing time & temperature, it was maximum 2.26 at 200c annealed for 1 hr and minimum with value 1.93 at 100c for 3hr annealing. The energy gap was calculated as maximum at 300c temperature for all annealing durations. The optical absorption coefficient  was found in the order of 10cm to 10cm.
Discovering the anomalously cold Mediterranean winters during the Maunder minimum

This work presents an attempt to reconstruct the Mediterranean Italy climate across one of the coldest interval (ad 1645–1715) of the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA), characterized by a prolonged episode of low solar acitivty known as ‘Maunder minimum’ (MM). LIA was characterized by marked climatic variability over this part of southern Europe, particularly during the MM. Using a model based on adding subregional details to regional-scale reconstruction, we estimated for this period a mean winter temperature of ~1°C lower than in the baseline period 1961–1990 (~8°C), and the anomaly further lowered down to about −4°C in the winter of 1683–1684. In addition, the interannual variability of extreme low temperatures makes the MM an outstanding climatic period. There is also some consistency of the empirical evidence with the modelling results that, for high-resolution wintertime seasonal reconstruction, central Mediterranean Sub-regional Area shows a colder climate than that represented by coarser simulation of European temperatures during the LIA period.
Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2007, de 16 de noviembre, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General para la Defensa de los Consumidores y Usuarios y otras leyes complementarias

Preámbulo . 4 Artículos . 10 Disposiciones derogatorias . 10 Disposiciones finales . 10 Texto refundido de la Ley General para la Defensa de los Consumidores y Usuarios y otras leyes complementarias . 11 LIBRO PRIMERO. Disposiciones generales. 11 TÍTULO I. Ámbito de aplicación y derechos básicos de los consumidores y usuarios . 11 CAPÍTULO I. Ámbito de aplicación . 11 CAPÍTULO II. Derechos básicos de los consumidores y usuarios . 12 CAPÍTULO III. Protección de la salud y seguridad . 12 CAPÍTULO IV. Derecho a la información, formación y educación. 14 CAPÍTULO V. Protección de los legítimos intereses económicos de los consumidores y usuarios . 15 TÍTULO II. Derecho de representación, consulta y participación y régimen jurídico de las asociaciones de consumidores y usuarios . 17 CAPÍTULO I. Régimen jurídico básico de las asociaciones de consumidores y usuarios . 17 CAPÍTULO II. Independencia y transparencia de las asociaciones de consumidores y usuarios . 18 CAPÍTULO III. Registro Estatal de Asociaciones de Consumidores y Usuarios . 20 LEGISLACIÓN CONSOLIDADA
Variable Rate Liquidity Tenders

This paper constructs an equilibrium model for the short-term money market, when the central bank provides liquidity via variable rate tenders. The relation between market rate of interest and liquidity is derived from a single bank’s profit maximisation problem in the interbank market, and the CB determines its liquidity provision by minimising a quadratic loss function that contains both deviations of expected market rate from CB target rate and differences between liquidity supply and target liquidity. We model equilibrium bid behaviour in the tenders and explain the underbidding phenomenon resulting from the minimum bid rate. We also show that, when maturities of consecutive operations overlap, the expected market interest rate will rise above the CB’s target whenever a target rate change (hike or cut) is expected to occur in the same reserve maintenance period. Finally, we review the data from the ECB variable rate tenders and find that the ECB has been fairly liquidity oriented in its allotment decisions.
URBAN SURFACE SOIL HEAVY METAL POLLUTION ANALYSIS BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING

In recent decades,mathematical modeling has been widely utilized in sample data analysis.This paper mainly focused on discussing heavy metal pollution caused by 8 major elements about 5 sorts of districts with different functionality.Evaluating the impact of human activity on the top soil heavy metal pollution can be reached by the given sample data.To begin with,Kringing′s method of interpolation enabled us to visualize while simulate the situation.moreover,we use simulated annealing and artificial neural network to analyze the degree,original location,causes and spatial distribution of the pollution.According to our results,this paper accurately deduced the location of sources of pollutions and the distribution of heavy metal elements while simulated the process of dissemination.
SIMILARITY ANALYSIS AND HISTORICAL ORIGIN ON APHID FAUNA IN TAIWAN AND MAINLAND OF CHINA

This paper reports the similarity of aphids fauna of 31 China provinces by using clustering analysis. The results indicate that the Palaearctical provinces and the Oriental provinces are obviously clustered at two different branches;Xizang Autonomous Region is clustered at one distinct branch;while Taiwan and Fujian are clustered at one terminal branch and then clustered with Sichuan and Zhejiang Provinces, and finally with other provinces of South China region. The similarity between Taiwan and Fujian Provinces is found higher in the genera level, but lower in the species level, which suggests that Taiwan aphid fauna is closely related to that of Fujian.
Modeling of elasticity effects of sandstone compaction using coated inclusions

Compaction of siliciclastic sediments leads to an increase in their stiffness parameters and seismic velocities. Although mechanical compaction implies a reduction of porosity and closing of compliant pores, chemical compaction may alter the mineral properties, the cementing of grain contacts, and the pore volume. The ability of rock physics models to quantify such effects on seismic observables will aid hydrocarbon exploration. A framework was designed for modeling compaction effects by use of a so-called coated inclusion model that eliminates the need of using a hybrid approach through combining different theories. A basic feature of the model is that the inclusion is defined by a kernel representing the pore, which is surrounded by shells that may individually have different elastic properties from those of the pore-filling material and the background matrix. The modeling can be designed to explore seismic effects of various texture perturbations, including contact cementing and pore-filling processes. The numerical modelings seem to be consistent with the results obtained from other rock physics models. The model allows for the possibility of including small-scale heterogeneities within the rock texture and estimating frequency dispersion together with attenuation due to pore fluid flow. A basic weakness of the method is the relatively large number of parameters needed to describe a porous rock, which will always limit its practical usage. However, its basic physical foundation may provide a reference for understanding the qualitative and quantitative effects of various cementation scenarios on seismic parameters.
Living donor liver transplantation in high Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score patients

1. After establishment in pediatric candidates facing extreme morbidity and mortality awaiting transplantation, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using left lobe (LL) grafts for adult candidates of high urgency and disease severity emerged predominantly from transplant centers in Asia without reasonable access to deceased donor liver transplantation. 2. A major advance in adult LDLT has been the emergence, acceptance, and ultimate dominance of right lobe grafts that can more reliably provide sufficient liver mass to achieve acceptable patient and graft survival outcomes than LL grafts. 3. Excellent outcomes of LDLT for acute liver failure, high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and candidates with hepatorenal syndrome have been sequentially and increasingly reported. These reports, however, consistently emanate from leading LDLT centers, strongly suggesting the importance of a highly sophisticated and experienced LDLT practice.
P‐8: Depth‐Map‐Based Multi‐View Synthesis Using Joint Bilateral Upsampling on GPUs

Stereoscopic displays have become more and more common. A popular method for synthesizing 3D content is depth‐image‐based rendering, in which multi‐view images are synthesized from a color frame and an accompanying depth map. However, when the image resolution increases, it is expensive to use a full‐resolution depth map because its high storage cost and decoding overhead. In addition, since the depth map is often smooth, it is often not necessary to store the full‐resolution depth map. This paper uses a low‐resolution depth map and increases its resolution at run time using joint bilateral upsampling on GPUs. By doing so, we are able to display high‐resolution stereoscopic videos on an autostereoscopic display.
On the Role of the Anterior Superior Temporal Lobe in Language Processing : Hints from Functional Neuroimaging Studies

This paper reviews recent research on the interplay between language comprehension processes, attention to relevant objects and events, and the use of scene information for comprehension. It discusses, in particular, claims that information from scene events is prioritized over stereotypical thematic role knowledge during comprehension, and claims regarding a close temporal coordination between comprehension, visual attention, and the use of scene information. The discussion takes into account findings from different modalities (spoken comprehension versus reading), as well as insights regarding the decay of recently inspected scene information that is no longer present during language comprehension. We consider the implications of these findings for a recently proposed account of the coordinated interplay between utterance processing, attention, and the rapid use of scene information during comprehension.
Inhomogeneous radiative forcing of homogeneous greenhouse gases

Radiative forcing of a homogeneous greenhouse gas (HGG) can be very inhomogeneous because the forcing is dependent on other atmospheric and surface variables. In the case of doubling CO2, the monthly mean instantaneous forcing at the top of the atmosphere is found to vary geographically and temporally from positive to negative values, with the range (−2.5–5.1 W m−2) being more than 3 times the magnitude of the global mean value (2.3 W m−2). The vertical temperature change across the atmospheric column (temperature lapse rate) is found to be the best single predictor for explaining forcing variation. In addition, the masking effects of clouds and water vapor also contribute to forcing inhomogeneity. A regression model that predicts forcing from geophysical variables is constructed. This model can explain more than 90% of the variance of the forcing. Applying this model to analyzing the forcing variation in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models, we find that intermodel discrepancy in CO2 forcing caused by model climatology leads to considerable discrepancy in their projected change in poleward energy transport.
Discrete Return Lidar in Natural Resources: Recommendations for Project Planning, Data Processing, and Deliverables

Recent years have seen the progression of light detection and ranging (lidar) from the realm of research to operational use in natural resource management. Numerous government agencies, private industries, and public/private stakeholder consortiums are planning or have recently acquired large-scale acquisitions, and a national U.S. lidar acquisition is likely before 2020. Before it is feasible for land managers to integrate lidar into decision making, resource assessment, or monitoring across the gambit of natural resource applications, consistent standards in project planning, data processing, and user-driven products are required. This paper introduces principal lidar acquisition parameters, and makes recommendations for project planning, processing, and product standards to better serve natural resource managers across multiple disciplines.
Derivation of Soil Line Influence on Two-Band Vegetation Indices and Vegetation Isolines

This paper introduces derivations of soil line influences on two-band vegetation indices (VIs) and vegetation isolines in the red and near infra-red reflectance space. Soil line variations are described as changes in the soil line parameters (slope and offset) and the red reflectance of the soil surface. A general form of a VI model equation written as a ratio of two linear functions (e.g., NDVI and SAVI) was assumed. It was found that relative VI variations can be approximated by a linear combination of the three soil parameters. The derived expressions imply the possibility of estimating and correcting for soil-induced bias errors in VIs and their derived biophysical parameters, caused by the assumption of a general soil line, through the use of external data sources such as regional soil maps.
Use of Chimeric Fluorescent Proteins and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Monitor Cellular Responses

Abstract— In recent years, the development of new technologies based on the green fluorescent protein and fluorescence resonance energy transfer has introduced a new perspective in the study of cell biology. Real-time imaging of fluorescent biosensors has made it possible to directly visualize individual molecular events as they happen in intact, live cells, providing important and original insights for our understanding of biologically relevant problems. This review discusses some essential methodological aspects concerning the generation and use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer–based biosensors and presents selected examples of specific applications that highlight the power of this technology.