Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critique: The potential role of speech production models in automatic speech recognition

This paper presents a critique (by a ‘‘speech technologist’’) of ‘‘The potential role of speech production models in automatic speech recognition’’ by R. C. Rose, J. Schroeter, and M. M. Sondhi which was presented at the 1994 ASA Special Session on ‘‘Speech Recognition and Perception from an Articulatory Point of View. ’’ While in general agreement with the points raised in the Rose paper, this article focuses on issues such as (a) whether articulatory information should be ‘‘recovered’’ as part of a recognition process as opposed to that process being ‘‘constrained’’ by articulatory information, (b) how optimum recognition performance is achieved by compromising the ‘‘quality’’ of the underlying generative model, and (c) if recent developments in speech pattern modeling will lead to more powerful generative models of speech. Finally, it is noted that the special session highlighted the fact that a convergence is long overdue between the speech science and speech technology communities toward common (mathe.
Shear acoustic properties of soft biological tissues in medical diagnostics

This report is a summary of the studies of shear acoustic properties of soft biological tissues performed by the author and his co‐workers in the period from 1966 to the present. A number of techniques for measuring shear elastic moduli of soft tissue in a range of frequencies are described. Methods are considered based on the measurements of acoustic impedance, the shear and surface wave speeds, as well as of static moduli. Results of in vitro studies of animal and human tissues and of such model systems as various gels and rubbers are presented. In vivo studies were made on superficial tissues such as the skin and the nearest underlying tissues. It has been shown that surface acoustic waves can be successfully used in the diagnosis of various dermatitis and skin cancer as well as for monitoring of the efficacy of treatment. In response to the needs of the newly developing technique of ultrasonic elasticity imaging of the breast, systematic studies involving 162 excised samples of glandular, fatty, cance.
A novel and fast method for cluster analysis of DCE-MR image series of breast tumors

A novel approach is introduced for clustering tumor regions with similar signal-time series measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to segment the tumor area in breast cancer. Each voxel of the DCE-MRI dataset is characterized by a signal-time curve. The clustering process uses two describer values for each pixel. The first value is L2-norm of each time series. The second value r is calculated as sum of differences between each pair of S(n-i) and S(i) for i = {0.n/2} where S is the intensity and n the number of values in a time series. We call r reverse value of a time series. Each time series is considered as a vector in an n-dimensional space and the L2-norm and reverse value of a vector are used as similarity measures. The curves with similar L2-norms and similar reverse values are clustered together. The method is tested on breast cancer DCE-MRI datasets with N = 256 x 256 spatial resolution and n = 128 temporal resolution. The quality of each cluster is described through the variance of Euclidean distances of the vectors to the mean vector of the corresponding cluster. The combination of both similarity measures improves the segmentation compared to using each measure alone.
Monatomic-Molecular Transition in Expanded Rubidium

S(Q,{omega}) for liquid rubidium measured along the liquid vapor coexistence line exhibits monatomic behavior from normal density down to twice the critical density. At this density we observe excitations characteristic of a harmonic oscillator. We interpret this as evidence for the passage of the fluid from a monatomic to a molecular state. First principle total energy calculations for lattices of ribidium at 0K predict that expansion favors spin pairing and leads to a lattice of dimers with an increase in vibron energy with decreasing density. The excellent agreement of the calculated vibron energy with the experimental result provides theoretical support for the appearance of molecules. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Metodología de Implementación de Ipv6 en La Red de La Universidad de Oriente

Este trabajo presenta una estrategia para adoptar el Protocolo de Internet version 6 en la red de la Universidad de Oriente (UOnet). El nuevo protocolo ha surgido para sustituir a la version 4 actualmente en uso de manera global, debido al florecimiento de un conjunto de deficiencias en este ultimo, provocado principalmente por el crecimiento exponencial de Internet y el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologias y servicios, que demandan mayor calidad en el desempeno del Protocolo de Internet. Ademas de los principales aspectos a tener en cuenta para emprender una transicion hacia esta nueva tecnologia, tales como: mecanismos de transicion y otros elementos fundamentales a considerar como el Sistema de Nombres de Dominio, metodos de configuracion de direcciones, sistemas operativos y aplicaciones. Este analisis constituye una guia para la implementacion del protocolo en el escenario existente en la UOnet, y a su vez es aplicable en otras redes locales del pais.
LAW OF THE ITERATED LOGARITHM FOR MOVING MAXIMA

Review : Let {Un} be a sequence of independent random variables uniformly distributed over (0,1) and let {an} be a non-decreasing sequence of integers, where 0≤an≤n. Define Bn=maxn−an 1. In this paper the author derives an additional law of the iterated logarithm result for the moving maxima, Bn. The author replaces local and general fluctuation conditions on an due to Rothmann and Russo (1991) with the condition that an/n is asymptotic to a non-increasing sequence. A general form is given for a {θn} satisfying lim supan(1−Bn)θn=1 a.s.
Responding to One of Two Simultaneous Messages

Twenty operators were given a task which required answering one of two simultaneous voice messages. The task was performed under a variety of conditions produced by combinations of four experimental “aid” variables: horizontal spatial separation of the sound sources, aural shaping filters which made the tone quality different in each channel, visual cues which indicated the channel about to call the operator, and facilities to “pull down” a desired message from the initial source into a headphone or a loudspeaker near the operator's ear. It was found that the use of horizontal separation and/or the filtered messages greatly improved the operator's performance. Visual cues had no apparent effect on ability to answer the message except when used with pull down facilities. The pull down facilities aided the operator to some extent. Some speculations are advanced about the nature of recognizing and attending to a message in the presence of another message.
Thermal Stress Problems in Glass

The development of the residual stresses in a glass plate undergoing a heat treatment is discussed in the light of viscoelasticity. Emphasis is placed on the method in which measured material functions are used. Advantages are pointed out of such a method versus other existing methods and the extension to an asymmetric thermal stress problem is given for an illustration.
Yarkovsky thermal drag on small asteroids and Mars‐Earth delivery

There is an optimal size for the delivery of small asteroids from Mars to the Earth by Yarkovsky thermal drag. Basaltic asteroids with radii of about 6 m take on the average 185 million years (Myr) for their semimajor axes to shrink by 0.52 AU, assuming circular orbits and ignoring planetary perturbations and collisions. All other sizes take longer. Bigger objects are slower because they are more massive, and smaller objects are slower because they are more isothermal. These results are based on treating the asteroids as spheres and solving the heat conduction equation using spherical Bessel functions. The small near-Earth asteroids show a concentration of sizes in the thermal drag range; thus some of them may come from Mars as survivors of gravitational mechanisms which eliminate them on the 10 Myr timescale. The possible role of thermal drag in Mars-Earth delivery will remain speculative until it is included in numerical integrations of the orbits of small asteroids.
Imaging from one-bit correlations of wideband diffuse wave fields

We present an imaging technique based on correlations of a multiply scattered wave field. Usually the Green’s function hAB between two points (A,B) is determined by direct transmit/receive measurement. When this is impossible, one can exploit an other idea: if A and B are both passive sensors, hAB can be retrieved from the cross correlation of the fields received in A and B, the wave field being generated either by deterministic sources or by random noise. The validity of the technique is supported by a physical argument based on time-reversal invariance. Though the principle is applicable to all kinds of waves, it is illustrated here by experiments performed with ultrasound in the MHz range. A short ultrasonic pulse, sent through a highly scattering slab, generates a randomly scattered field. Behind the slab is the medium to image: it consists of four liquid layers with different sound speeds. The cross correlation of the field received on passive sensors located within the medium is used to estimate the.
Latin Squares: New Developments in the Theory and Applications

Foreword (P. Erdos). Introduction (J. Denes, A.D. Keedwell). Transversals and Complete Mappings (J. Denes, A.D. Keedwell). Sequenceable and R-Sequenceable Groups: Row Complete Latin Squares (J. Denes, A.D. Keedwell). Latin Squares With and Without Subsquares of Prescribed Type (K. Heinrich). Recursive Constructions of Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares (A.E. Brouwer). r-Orthogonal Latin Squares (G.B. Belyavskaya). Latin Squares and Universal Algebra (T. Evans). Embedding Theorems for Partial Latin Squares (C.C. Lindner). Latin Squares and Codes (J. Denes, A.D. Keedwell). Latin Squares as Experimental Designs (D.A. Preece). Latin Squares and Geometry (J. Denes, A.D. Keedwell). Frequency Squares (J. Denes, A.D. Keedwell). Bibliography. Subject Index.
Flavor changing neutral currents in supersymmetric multi-Higgs doublet models

We conduct a general discussion of supersymmetric models with three families in the Higgs sector. We analyze the scalar potential and investigate the minima conditions, deriving the mass matrices for the scalar, pseudoscalar, and charged states. Depending on the Yukawa couplings and the Higgs spectrum, the model might allow the occurrence of potentially dangerous flavor-changing neutral currents at the tree level. We compute model-independent contributions for several observables, and as an example we apply this general analysis to a specific model of quark-Higgs interactions, discussing how compatibility with current experimental data constrains the Higgs sector.
The bound for a class of four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and its synchronization

In this paper, a class of four-dimensional continuous autonomous system is studied. It has only one balance under certain conditions but it shows a complicated dynamic behavior. The equilibrium points and lyapunov exponents of the system are analyzed. The bound of this system is estimated and the expression of the bound is presented. In addition, the complete synchronization is also discussed by designing a linear controller. Finally, the corresponding numerical simulations are performed.
Toward low‐noise synthetic turbulent inflow conditions for aeroacoustic calculations

The accuracy of boundary conditions for computational aeroacoustics is a well‐known challenge, due in part to the necessity of truncating the flow domain and replacing the analytical boundary conditions at infinity with numerical boundary conditions. In particular, the inflow boundary condition involving turbulent velocity or scalar fields is likely to introduce spurious waves into the domain, therefore degrading the flow behavior and deteriorating the physical acoustic waves. In this work, a method to generate low‐noise, divergence‐free, synthetic turbulence for inflow boundary conditions is proposed. It relies on the classical view of turbulence as a superposition of random eddies convected with the mean flow. Within the proposed model, the vector potential and the requirement that the individual eddies must satisfy the linearized momentum equations about the mean flow are used. The model is tested using isolated eddies convected through the inflow boundary and an experimental benchmark data for spatially decaying isotropic turbulence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal limit methods for computing sensitivities of discontinuous integrals including triggerable derivative securities

We introduce an approach to computing sensitivities of discontinuous integrals. The methodology is generic in that it only requires knowledge of the simulation scheme and the location of the integrand’s singularities. The methodology is proven to be optimal in terms of minimizing the variance of the measure changes. For piecewise constant payoffs this minimizes the variance of Monte Carlo sensitivities. An efficient adjoint implementation is discussed, and the method is shown to be effective for a number of natural financial examples including double barrier options and triggerable interest rate derivative securities.
An analysis of Manley's central England temperature data: I

Manley's (1974) temperature data for central England are subjected to analyses which suggest that they should be treated as a set of monthly time series. Secular variation is found for the months October to April inclusive. Extended methods dealing with spectral analysis are used to focus attention on the mainly longer-period oscillations. Oscillations of lengths 10–12 and 22–25 years are suggested for some months. Burg's maximum entropy spectral method has been used to resolve signals in the very low frequencies. The combined variance associated with these oscillations is shown to increase for months near mid-year when the sun has its maximum north declination and to decrease for months on either side of June and July to a minimum when the sun has greatest south declination. Furthermore, the variance associated with months when the sun changes direction in declination and crosses the equator appears to receive boosts.
The third image, the redshift of the lens, and new components of the gravitational lens 2016 + 112

Three new observations of the gravitational lens system 2016 + 112 are reported. A new, more sensitive spectrograph has produced a redshift for the red galaxy D, and direct imaging through a narrowband filter centered on the Lyman alpha line of the lensed object has detected a previously unknown point source and two radio-quiet extended emission line regions, all apparently at the redshift of the two brighter images A and B. Some preliminary results from a new VLA map of the system are reported, and the implications of the results for models of gravitational lenses are discussed.
THE FIRST EIGENVALUE OF THE DIRAC OPERATOR IN A CONFORMAL CLASS

In this overview article, we study the first positive eigenvalue of the Dirac operator in a unit volume conformal class. In particular, we discuss the question whether the infimum is attained. In the first part, we explain the corresponding variational problem. In the following parts we discuss the relation to the spinorial mass endomorphism and an application to surfaces of constant mean curvature. The article also mentions some open problems and work in progress.
Automatic outlier suppression for rigid coherent point drift algorithm

Point pattern matching (PPM) including the hard assignment and soft assignment approaches has attracted much attention. The typical probability based method is Coherent Point Drift (CPD) algorithm, which treats one point set(named model point set) as centroids of Gaussian mixture model, and then fits it to the other(named target point set). It uses the expectation maximization (EM) framework, where the point correspondences and transformation parameters are updated alternately. But the anti-outlier performance of CPD is not robust enough as outliers have always been involved in operation until CPD converges. So we proposed an automatic outlier suppression mechanism (AOS) to overcome the shortages of CPD. Firstly, inliers or outliers are judged by converting matching probability matrix into doubly stochastic matrix. Then, transformation parameters are fitted using accurate matching point sets. Finally, the model point set is forced to move coherently to target point set by this transformation model. The transformed model point set is imported into EM iteration again and the cycle repeats itself. The iteration finishes when matching probability matrix converges or the cardinality of accurate matching point set reaches maximum. Besides, the covariance should be updated by the newest position error before re-entering EM algorithm. The experimental results based on both synthetic and real data indicate that compared with other algorithms, AOS-CPD is more robust and efficient. It offers a good practicability and accuracy in rigid PPM applications.
Statistical Methods in Molecular Evolution

The subject of environmental statistics is so broad that it would be virtually impossible to go into sufficient detail in a book of reasonable length. That being said, the book still has some critical omissions. For example, there is no discussion on censored observations. This is a critical concern in many environmental data analysis and modeling problems. Furthermore, there is too little discussion on generalized linear models and no discussion on generalized linear mixed models, in many respects the state-of-the-art approach to real-world response modeling. In addition, there is no serious discussion of Bayesian methods and hierarchical models. Such methods and approaches have revolutionized the study of spatial and spatiotemporal processes, and can be found throughout the environmental science literature over the last 10 years or so. On a related note, there is little mention of environmental issues concerned with human health. Such epidemiologic methodology has progressed dramatically over the past few years and is a major driving force in modern environmental statistics. In general, the author has done a nice job on an ambitious project. This book would be a useful first exposure to traditional environmental statistics for a reader with a reasonably strong background in mathematical statistics.
Electroweak Physics in the Forward Region

The lack of direct measurements of the so-called New Physics observables moves the attention of the high energy physics community towards the precise determination of the parameters that describe the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. The LHCb experiment at the LHC collider at CERN can exploit the favorable phase space coverage to reach the needed precision for these investigations. The recent results on the 𝑍 0 → 𝜇 + 𝜇 − angular coefficients determination are summarised and discussed in this contribution
Development of a TRL-5 conductively-cooled 2-micron laser transmitter for coherent doppler wind lidar system

Compact, reliable and conductively-cooled solid state 2-micron laser technology is a critical component of the 3-D Winds mission envisioned in the NRC Decadal survey. In order to mature the 2-micron laser technology to a Technical Readiness Level of 5 (TRL-5), we are developing a conductively-cooled single-frequency 2-micron laser meeting the performance requirements for this wind LIDAR mission and able to operate in vacuum. Conductive cooling is accomplished via heat pipes attached to a reconfigurable condenser plate. The ruggedized mechanical design is based upon design concepts used and validated for the NASA Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) Mission. Achieving TRL-5 has particular challenges for this technology due to its unique requirements. The cold operating temperature mandated by the laser crystal (Ho:Tm:LuLF) and the long resonator required to generate <100 ns pulsewidths needed to maximize the LIDAR resolution, make stabilizing the laser more difficult than many other lasers. The completion and demonstration of this laser provides a platform for further maturation of solid state 2 micron laser technology to the TRL-6 required for space-based deployment.
Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century

Over the last few decades, several definitions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been described. There is currently not enough research to show which way is the best to diagnose GDM. Opinions differ in terms of the optimal screening and diagnostic measures, in part due to the differences in the population risks, the cost-effectiveness considerations, and the lack of an evidence base to support large national screening programs. The basic method for identifying the disease is the measurement of glucose plasma levels which may be determined when fasting, two hours after a meal, or simply at any random time. The currently increasing incidence of diabetes in the whole population, the altering demographics and the presence of lifestyle changes still require better methods of screening for hyperglycemia, especially during pregnancy. The main aim of this review is to focus on the prevalence and modifications to the screening criteria for GDM across all continents in the 21st century. We would like to show the differences in the above issues and correlate them with the geographical situation. Looking at the history of diabetes, we are sure that more than one evolution in GDM diagnosis will occur, due to the development of medicine, appearance of modern technologies, and the dynamic continuation of research.
Evaluation of HfO-Based Ferroelectric Resonant Tunnel Junction by Band Engineering

The HfO2-based ferroelectric (FE) tunnel junction (FTJ) and its crossbar array are promising for energy-efficient computing. However, its limited ON- current (JON) and ON/OFF tunneling electroresistance (TER) ratio become a bottleneck for large array circuits. We theoretically propose using a low-barrier Ta2O5 dielectric to enhance the device asymmetry, instead of SiO2 or Al2O3. Through resonant band engineering by inserting Ta2O5 between two FE HfO2 barriers, both JON and TER ratio are enhanced by several orders of magnitude, while a good retention is maintained benefiting from high permittivity of Ta2O5; besides, high current rectification ratio and negative differential resistance are observed. These abundant physical effects in HfO2/Ta2O5/HfO2 based MFIFM resonant FTJ may enable selector-less crossbar.
Atom probe study of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin-films prepared by co-evaporation and post-deposition annealing

We use atom probe tomography (APT) for resolving nanometer scale compositional fluctuations in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin-films prepared by co-evaporation and post-deposition annealing. We detect a complex, nanometer–sized network of CZTSe and ZnSe domains in these films. Some of the ZnSe domains contain precipitates having a Cu- and Sn-rich composition, where the composition cannot be assigned to any of the known equilibrium phases. Furthermore, Na impurities are found to be segregated at the CZTSe/ZnSe interface. The insights given by APT are essential for understanding the growth of CZTSe absorber layers for thin-film solar cells and for optimizing their optoelectronic properties.