Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Note

My contribution comments on the chapters by van Elk and Bekkering, Johnson, Liszkowski, and Schmidt and Rakoczy in a sequence taking us from concepts through language to social cognition and normativity. My perspective is philosophical in stressing conceptual questions, yet in a way that acknowledges their dynamic interconnections with empirical and methodological issues. What constitutes the phenomena investigated by 4E cognitive science, such as concepts, meaning, interaction and normativity? How are they understood in different scientific paradigms, research programs, and theories? One of my general conclusions is that at least some factors in the development of both the language faculty and specific languages are not side effects of purely biological adaptations; instead they are directly functional for cooperative and language-wielding primates, and they may be the result of cumulative cultural development or even of (admittedly complex and messy) intentional innovations.
Environmental influences on neuroticism in adulthood: A systematic review

Behavioral-genetic studies show substantial non-genetic influences on variance of neuroticism within a population. Longitudinal studies show a small but steady drop in test-retest correlations with increasing time intervals. This suggest environmental effects on neuroticism, but a systematic overview of which environmental determinants account for change in neuroticism is lacking. We review (specific or unique) environmental influences that modify the neuroticism setpoint in adulthood and therewith individual life trajectories. Results are interpreted in light of the so-called ‘mixed model’ in which within-person changes in neuroticism are subdivided over short term perturbations around the setpoint of neuroticism versus more persistent changes in the setpoint itself. To account for genetic confounding and shared environmental influences studies of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for neuroticism and longitudinal studies that report on environmental factors that predict within-individual change in neuroticism are reviewed. Our results indicate that the neuroticism setpoint is consistently touched by experiences that affect central aspects of one’s identity and status, mainly role transitions as partner (marriage/divorce) and employee (job loss/promotion). Especially interpersonal stress, conflict, and major events that were unpredictable, uncontrollable, unexpected, undesirable, and ‘off time’ from a life history perspective were followed by changes in neuroticism that persisted more than six months, which suggest setpoint change. Most change after severe SLEs persisted over a decade. Long-term and detailed studies are required to elucidate the details of the ‘mixed model’ of change in neuroticism. An understanding of the specifics of the events that lead to persistent changes in neuroticism may enable us to craft prevention strategies to tackle the vulnerability for mental disorders inherent in high neuroticism, rather than to wait for their manifestation.
Outcomes of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the SoMe Social Media Literacy Program for Improving Body Image-Related Outcomes in Adolescent Boys and Girls

Although the negative effect of social media use among youth on body image and eating concerns has been established, few classroom-based resources that can decrease these effects through targeting social media literacy skills have been developed. This study aimed to test the efficacy of SoMe, a social media literacy body image, dieting, and wellbeing program for adolescents, through a cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 892; Mage = 12.77, SD = 0.74; range 11–15; 49.5% male) were randomized by school (n = 8) to receive either weekly SoMe (n = 483) or control sessions (lessons as usual; n = 409) over 4 weeks in their classroom. Participants completed surveys at four timepoints (baseline, 1-week post-intervention, and 6- and 12-month follow-up) assessing body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, strategies to increase muscles (primary outcomes), self-esteem and depressive symptoms (secondary outcomes), and internalization of appearance ideals and appearance comparison (exploratory outcomes). Modest positive intervention effects were found in dietary restraint and depressive symptoms at 6-month follow-up in girls but few positive effects emerged for boys. The findings provide only preliminary support for a social media literacy intervention, but suggest the usefulness of both identifying those who benefit most from a universally delivered intervention and the need to refine the intervention to maximize intervention effects.
Design of sensing system for experimental modeling of soft actuator applied for finger rehabilitation

Abstract Safe interaction and inherent compliance with soft robots have motivated the evolution of soft rehabilitation robots. Among these, soft robotic gloves are known as an effective tool for stroke rehabilitation. This research proposed a pneumatically actuated soft robotic for index finger rehabilitation. The proposed system consists of a soft bending actuator and a sensing system equipped with four inertial measurement unit sensors to generate kinematic data of the index finger. The designed sensing system can estimate the range of motion (ROM) of the finger’s joints by combining angular velocity and acceleration values with the standard Kalman filter. The sensing system is evaluated regarding repeatability and reliability through static and dynamic experiments in the first step. The root mean square error attained in static and dynamic states are 2 $^\circ$ and 3 $^\circ$ , sequentially, representing an efficient function of the fusion algorithm. In the next step, experimental models have been developed to analyze and predict a soft actuator’s behavior in free and constrained states using the sensing system’s data. Thus, parametric system identification methods, artificial neural network—multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP), and artificial neural network—radial basis function algorithms (ANN-RBF) have been compared to achieve an optimal model. The results reveal that ANN models, particularly RBF ones, can predict the actuator behavior with reasonable accuracy in the free and constrained state (<1 $^\circ$ ). Hence, the need for intricate analytical modeling and material characterization will be eliminated, and controlling the soft actuator will be more practical. Besides, it assesses the ROM and finger functionality.
A Study on the Subculture of Working Students in Call Centers

Employing the descriptive qualitative research method, this study drew on the Functional Theory of Talcott Parsons which espouse that subculture develop out of its adaptation from the dominant culture. It aimed to describe and analyze the subculture of working students in call centers in Metro Manila and its influence on their family relations, health, recreational activities, consumption behavior and academic performance. Results showed that the norms and values in the call center as reflected on the social environment influenced the values of the working students. The subculture in the call center produced positive and negative effects to the participants. The night shift work schedule led to health problems, less contact time with their family and peers, and less time on studying. Thus, there is a need for call center companies and schools to provide the necessary remediation to improve working students’ productivity in work and performance in school.
Topology and Phase Transitions: A First Analytical Step towards the Definition of Sufficient Conditions

Different arguments led to supposing that the deep origin of phase transitions has to be identified with suitable topological changes of potential related submanifolds of configuration space of a physical system. An important step forward for this approach was achieved with two theorems stating that, for a wide class of physical systems, phase transitions should necessarily stem from topological changes of energy level submanifolds of the phase space. However, the sufficiency conditions are still a wide open question. In this study, a first important step forward was performed in this direction; in fact, a differential equation was worked out which describes how entropy varies as a function of total energy, and this variation is driven by the total energy dependence of a topology-related quantity of the relevant submanifolds of the phase space. Hence, general conditions can be in principle defined for topology-driven loss of differentiability of the entropy.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Work Stress (Applied Study: Al-Ajami Educational Administration)

This study aims to examine the impact of emotional intelligence on the work stress of the Al-Ajami Educational Administration. This study used a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. For achieving study goals, the analytical descriptive methodology is used through many; statistical approaches especially multiple regression analysis for testing the effect of more than an independent variable on one dependent variable and hierarchical regression analysis for measuring the adjusted effect of work stress. A randomized stratified sample of the study population was selected by (401) individuals with a re-sponse rate of (80.2%). The results of the study showed a significant effect of emotional intelligence on work stress. According to the findings, some recommendations are: Organizations should pay more attention to emotional intelligence and its role in reducing work stress. employees’ emotional intelligence and work stress. The results of this
Stemming rural-urban migration through agricultural development: Can Nigeria apply the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic?

Nigeria has one of the highest population growth rates in the world resulting to rapid urbanization and an enormous increase in the population leaving rural areas and now living in urban centres. In spite of the increased emphasis on rural development, rural-urban migration has persisted mainly due to the farmerherder conflict situation, poverty, lack of job opportunities, insecurity and gross inadequacy of social infrastructures in the rural areas. This mass migration and other factors have put Nigeria in an emergency food and nutrition insecure situation. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was already an existing gap in the Nigerian food system, which led to the importation of food items to augment local production in order to meet local demand. However, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic undermined efforts to achieve SDG 2 as the country witnessed not only a major disruption to food supply chains in the wake of lockdowns and movement restrictions triggered by the global health crisis, but also a major economic slowdown. The commerce, service, and agricultural sectors were the hardest hit by the spread of the virus and the effects are different along the rural-urban continuum. The vacuum created by the migration of people from the rural to urban areas led to reduction of farm yields, while the urban areas were particularly affected in terms of food supply from rural areas as a result of movement restrictions made during the height of the pandemic. More urbanised areas may be harder hit than remote rural areas if connectivity remains broken down, as most food crops are produced in the rural and semi-rural areas. This paper recommends strategies and policies aimed at reducing poverty, food insecurity and inequality across the urban-rural continuum through agricultural development. This will assist in addressing the adverse drivers of migration with particular focus on improving the social and economic conditions of rural areas. Key words: agricultural development, COVID-19, food security, rural-urban migration
Impacts of Cigarette Smoking Status on Metabolomic and Gut Microbiota Profile in Male Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Multi-Omics Study

Background: Cigarette smoking has been considered a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Changes in gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites have been shown to influence atherosclerotic pathogenesis. However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the gut microbiome and serum metabolites in CAD remains unclear. Method: We profiled the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of 113 male participants with diagnosed CAD including 46 current smokers, 34 former smokers, and 33 never smokers by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics study. A follow-up study was conducted. PICRUSt2 was used for metagenomic functional prediction of important bacterial taxa. Results: In the analysis of the microbial composition, the current smokers were characterized with depleted Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Akkermansia muciniphila, and enriched Enterococcus faecium, Haemophilus parainfluenzae compared with the former and never smokers. In the untargeted serum metabolomic study, we observed and annotated 304 discriminant metabolites, uniquely including ceramides, acyl carnitines, and glycerophospholipids. Pathway analysis revealed a significantly changed sphingolipids metabolism related to cigarette smoking. However, the change of the majority of the discriminant metabolites is possibly reversible after smoking cessation. While performing PICRUSt2 metagenomic prediction, several key enzymes (wbpA, nadM) were identified to possibly explain the cross talk between gut microbiota and metabolomic changes associated with smoking. Moreover, the multi-omics analysis revealed that specific changes in bacterial taxa were associated with disease severity or outcomes by mediating metabolites such as glycerophospholipids. Conclusions: Our results indicated that both the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile of current smokers are different from that of never smokers. The present study may provide new insights into understanding the heterogenic influences of cigarette smoking on atherosclerotic pathogenesis by modulating gut microbiota as well as circulating metabolites.
Fuzzy Logic-Based Self-Tuning PID Controllers Using Parameters Adaptive Method for Stabilization of a Two-Axis Seeker Gimbal

In guided missiles, the major function of a seeker is to track a target continuously. In target tracking process most seekers employ a gimbal system, usually a two-axis, on which a tracking device and a rate gyroscope are mounted. For such guided missiles, the stabilization of gimbal is essential for maintaining the tracking device directing towards the target. Various control methods have been developed for the gimbal stabilization to make the gimbal to respond faster for a rate command input so that the gimbal follows the rate input in the presence of disturbances. Here, a fuzzy self-tuning proportional, integral, derivative (PID) type controller based on parameters adaptive method is proposed for two-axis gimbal stabilization which can be applicable for most guided missiles. The controller gains in the proposed control technique are made of input and output scaling factors used in fuzzification and defuzzification processes. The scaling factors are tuned online based on the missile rotation rate and the gimbal rate response. The response of the gimbal in the stabilization loop with the proposed controller has been analyzed in MATLAB for various missile rotation rates and the simulation results are compared with a traditional PID controller. The results prove the efficiency of the proposed control method which gives a better and faster response with zero steady-state error than the traditional control method.
Errors in the Estimation of Leaf Area Density From Aerial LiDAR Data: Influence of Statistical Sampling and Heterogeneity

In this study, several approaches were evaluated for estimation of the 3-D distribution of leaf area from aerial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Two general leaf area density (LAD) inversion methods were evaluated against “synthetic” LiDAR data for a range of grid resolutions and canopy architectures: 1) inversion based on cumulative transmission of LiDAR pulses through the volume of interest (i.e., the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of transmission, or Beer’s law), and 2) inversion based on the probability density function (PDF) of beam propagation distance within the volume of interest (i.e., probability distribution fitting). Results indicated that the Beer’s law-based method consistently outperformed the PDF-based methods. In a homogeneous canopy, the average error in LAD estimation using the Beer’s law approach decreased exponentially as the number of voxel statistical samples ${N_{v}}$ (i.e., laser pulses reaching the voxel) was increased. The normalized error also decreased exponentially as leaf area index of the voxel LAIv increased. Heterogeneity increased the magnitude of errors in LAD inversion, with errors tending to increase as vegetation density increased, but plant spacing had a negligible impact. For sufficiently dense heterogeneous canopies, there was an optimal voxel size that balanced errors due to poor statistical sampling (small voxels) and errors due to crown-scale heterogeneity that violated the turbid medium assumption (large voxels). This optimum, if present, occurred at around ${N_{v}=40}$ or a voxel width of 2 m regardless of canopy geometry. Sub-crown-scale clumping had a minimal effect on average errors in estimated LAD for the tree geometries explored in this work.
Residential Area Sociodemographic and Breast Cancer Screening Venue Location Built Environmental Features Associated with Women’s Use of Closest Venue in Greater Sydney, Australia

Understanding environmental predictors of women’s use of closest breast screening venue versus other site(s) may assist optimal venue placement. This study assessed relationships between residential-area sociodemographic measures, venue location features, and women’s use of closest versus other venues. Data of 320,672 Greater Sydney screening attendees were spatially joined to residential state suburbs (SSCs) (n = 799). SSC-level sociodemographic measures included proportions of: women speaking English at home; university-educated; full-time employed; and dwellings with motor-vehicles. A geographic information system identified each woman’s closest venue to home, and venue co-location with bus-stop, train-station, hospital, general practitioner, and shop(s). Multilevel logistic models estimated associations between environmental measures and closest venue attendance. Attendance at closest venue was 59.4%. Closest venue attendance was positively associated with SSC-level women speaking English but inversely associated with SSC-level women university-educated, full-time employed, and dwellings with motor-vehicles. Mobile venue co-location with general practitioner and shop was positively, but co-location with bus-stop and hospital was inversely associated with attendance. Attendance was positively associated with fixed venue co-location with train-station and hospital but inversely associated with venue co-location with bus-stop, general practitioner, and shop. Program planners should consider these features when optimising service locations to enhance utilisation. Some counterintuitive results necessitate additional investigation.
Alleviation of Malathion Toxicity Effect by Coffea arabica L. Oil and Olea europaea L. Oil on Lipid Profile: Physiological and In Silico Study

The community health plans commonly use malathion (MAL), an organophosphate pesticide (OP), to eliminate pathogenic insects. The objective of the present research is to evaluate the consequences of Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil on MAL-intoxicated male rats. Six equal groups of animals were used for conducting this study (n = 10). Animals in group one were designated as control, animals belonging to group two were exposed to MAL in the measure of hundred mg per kg BW (body weight) for forty-nine days (seven weeks), rats in the third and fourth groups were administered with 400 mg/kg BW of Coffea arabica L. and Olea europaea L. oils, respectively, and the same amount of MAL as given to the second group. Groups five and six were administered with the same amount of Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil as given to group three. Exposure of rats to 100 mg/kg body weight of MAL resulted in statistical alteration of the serum lipid profile. A marked decline was noticed in the severe changes of these blood parameters when MAL-intoxicated rats were treated with Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil. Two compounds from Coffea arabica L. oil (Chlorogenic acid) and Olea europaea L. oil (Oleuropein) demonstrated good interaction with xanthine oxidase (XO) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzymes that are associated with cholesterol production. The present study indicated that Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil could be considered prospective and potential healing agents against metabolic conditions induced by MAL.
Obstacles to Sustaining Diversity: Historical Context and Current Experiences of Underrepresented Minority Women and Men in Sociology and Economics

White men predominate in the top ranks of the professorate, but recent efforts have attempted to decrease inequality and increase diversity in the academy by hiring more faculty, especially women of color. Have equality and diversity efforts worked or has negative departmental climate limited efforts to make diversity sustainable? Despite the long history of and many contributions by women of color (URC) as public intellectuals, activists, and founders of organizations to promote Blacks and Latino/a people, we find that much of their work is still marginalized and is not viewed as legitimate science. This treatment may lessen the ability to increase equality and sustain diversity in academic institutions. The paper tests whether URC women scholars are still experiencing inequalities in comparison to their male peers of color in two disciplines, that of sociology and economics. We include these two disciplines because of similarities in origin and of topics. First, we hypothesize that women of color have significantly more negative experiences in sociology and economics departments than do men of color, when other conditions are held constant. Second, we hypothesize that structural conditions, are related to experiential outcomes for these scholars. Third, we hypothesize that participation in minority-oriented organizations improves women of color’s experiences. Fourth, we hypothesize that interacting gender with participation in minority-oriented organizations, significantly improves women of color’s situation. The study results show that women of color continue to experience greater problems of access, marginality, inclusion, and harassment in sociology and economics departments. The sustainable development goals of achieving gender equality and increase educational opportunities cannot be achieve without addressing these inequities and inclusion issues.
Natural Products Self-Assembled Nanozyme for Cascade Detection of Glucose and Bacterial Viability in Food

Sugar content and bacterial contamination levels are important indicators for the health and safety of food, respectively. Therefore, it is important to construct a method that can detect both glucose and bacterial activity. Herein, natural compounds (gallic acid and glucose oxidase) were assembled into nanozyme (GOx@GA-Fe (ii)) for mild cascade detection. The nanozyme catalyzes glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to ·OH and oxidized colorless TMB from blue oxidized TMB. Under the optimal conditions, the method has a good linear relationship in the glucose concentration range of 1–500 μM (R2 = 0.993) with minimum detection concentration of 0.43 μM. Based on the glucose consumption of bacteria metabolism, the cascade reaction was then applied to detect the viability of 5 common bacteria. As such, a cascade method based on a natural self-assembled nanozyme was fabricated to monitor the quality of food.