Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CmERF5‐CmRAP2.3 transcriptional cascade positively regulates waterlogging tolerance in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Summary Waterlogging stress affects plant growth by limiting root respiration and reducing yield and economic value. Therefore, identifying genes involved in regulating waterlogging stress is vital. This study reports the ethylene‐responsive VII transcription factor (CmRAP2.3) in the chrysanthemum. Subcellular localization and transactivation assay analyses revealed that CmRAP2.3 was localized in the nucleus and possessed transactivation activity. Overexpression of CmRAP2.3 in chrysanthemum was found to enhance waterlogging tolerance by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, we found that the transcription factor CmERF5 binds to GCC‐like motifs in the CmRAP2.3 promoter region and activates CmRAP2.3 expression. Additionally, CmERF5 overexpression maintained a low ROS level and improved chrysanthemum waterlogging tolerance. Taken together, this study shows a molecular mechanism by which CmERF5 transcriptionally activates CmRAP2.3 to reduce waterlogging stress via the ROS pathway in the chrysanthemum.
On the origin of the Raman scattering in heavily boron-doped diamond

Isotopic substitution of boron and carbon is applied for the identification of the vibrational modes of heavily boron-doped diamond synthesized by high-pressure high-temperature technique. None of the bands in the Raman spectra are shifting upon ^{10}B-substitution, whereas shifts to lower frequency are observed for all bands upon ^{13}C-substitution as compared to a sample with natural isotope abundancies. These isotopic substitution experiments exclude the hypothesis of boron dimer related normal modes and strongly support the assignment of the previously studied "500 cm^{-1}" and "1230 cm^{-1}" bands and two weak bands at 1003 cm^{-1} and 1070 cm^{-1} to perturbed diamond lattice phonons, revealing the phonon density of states. A second-order phonon spectrum at combination and overtone frequencies is also identified. A bulk plasmon related mechanism is proposed for the enhancement of the phonon density of states spectrum relative to the zone-center phonons.
Factors affecting the treatment outcome of injection based shorter MDR-TB regimen at a referral centre in India.

Rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is a significant burden on global tuberculosis (TB) prevention and eradication efforts. MDR-TB can be treated, but it is expensive, takes a long time (typically two years), and contains potentially toxic drugs. Under certain conditions, the WHO recommends standard regimens lasting 9 to 11 months rather than individual regimens lasting at least 18-20 months. The current study sought to identify factors associated with treatment outcome in RR/MDR-TB patients receiving an injection-based regimen for 9-11 months. This ambispective (prospective and retrospective) observational study was conducted at a tertiary tuberculosis institute in New Delhi, India. Between February 2021 and March 2022, patients with RR/MDR-pulmonary TB who received an injection-based shorter regimen were enrolled. Factors related to treatment outcome were investigated and compared in patients who had a successful outcome versus those who did not. A total of 55 patients were enrolled, with 50.91% being successful (cured/treatment completed) and 49.09% failing (including failure, lost to follow up, death, and regimen changed). The following factors were significantly associated with the unsuccessful outcome, according to univariate analysis: BMI (18.5 kg/m2), anaemia, previous anti-TB treatment, bilateral chest X-ray involvement, and far advanced disease on chest X-ray BMI (18.5 kg/m2), anaemia, and far advanced disease on chest X-ray were all significantly associated with mortality. Anaemia was associated with an unsuccessful outcome (p=0.049) and mortality (p=0.048) in the multiple logistic regression analysis. Early treatment initiation, improved nutrition and anaemia, and regular monitoring can all improve RR/MDR-TB patients' outcomes and prognoses.
On the 10-micron silicate feature in Active Galactic Nuclei

The 10-micron silicate feature observed with Spitzer in active galactic nuclei (AGN) reveals some puzzling behavior. It (1) has been detected in emission in type 2 sources, (2) shows broad, flat-topped emission peaks shifted toward long wavelengths in several type 1 sources, and (3) is not seen in deep absorption in any source observed so far. We solve all three puzzles with our clumpy dust radiative transfer formalism. (1) We present the spectral energy distribution (SED) of SST1721+6012, the first type 2 quasar observed to show a clear 10-mic silicate feature in emission. We constructed a large database of clumpy torus models and performed extensive fitting of the observed SED, constraining several of the torus parameters. We find that the source bolometric luminosity is ~3*10^12 L_sun. Our modeling suggests that<35% of objects with tori sharing characteristics and geometry similar to the best fit would have their central engines obscured. This relatively low obscuration probability can explain the clear appearance of the 10-mic emission feature in SST1721+6012 together with its rarity among other QSO2. (2) We also fitted the SED of PG1211+143, one of the first type 1 QSOs with a 10-mic silicate feature in emission. Among similar sources, this QSO appears to display an unusually broadened feature whose peak is shifted toward longer wavelengths. Although this led to suggestions of non-standard dust chemistry in these sources, our analysis fits such SEDs with standard galactic dust; the apparent peak shifts arise from radiative transfer effects. (3) We find that the distribution of silicate feature strengths among clumpy torus models closely resembles the observed distribution, and the feature never occurs deeply absorbed. (abridged)
THE MOSDEF SURVEY: MEASUREMENTS OF BALMER DECREMENTS AND THE DUST ATTENUATION CURVE AT REDSHIFTS z ∼ 1.4–2.6

We present results on the dust attenuation curve of z ∼ 2 galaxies using early observations from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey. Our sample consists of 224 star-forming galaxies with zspec = 1.36–2.59 and high signal-to-noise ratio measurements of Hα and Hβ obtained with Keck/MOSFIRE. We construct composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies in bins of Balmer decrement to measure the attenuation curve. We find a curve that is similar to the SMC extinction curve at λ ≳ 2500 Å. At shorter wavelengths, the shape is identical to that of the Calzetti et al. relation, but with a lower normalization. Hence, the new attenuation curve results in star formation rates (SFRs) that are ≈ 20 % ? > lower, and stellar masses that are Δ log ( M * / M ⊙ ) ≃ 0.16 ? > dex lower, than those obtained with the Calzetti relation. We find that the difference in the total attenuation of the ionized gas and stellar continuum correlates strongly with SFR, such that for dust-corrected SFRs ≳ 20 M⊙ yr−1, assuming a Chabrier initial mass function, the nebular emission lines suffer an increasing degree of obscuration relative to the continuum. A simple model that can account for these trends is one in which the UV through optical stellar continuum is dominated by a population of less-reddened stars, while the nebular line and bolometric luminosities become increasingly dominated by dustier stellar populations for galaxies with large SFRs, as a result of the increased dust enrichment that accompanies such galaxies. Consequently, UV- and SED-based SFRs may underestimate the total SFR at even modest levels of ≈20 M⊙ yr−1.
Propionate Attenuates Growth of Oral Streptococci through Enhancing Methionine Biosynthesis

Oral streptococci are considered as an opportunistic pathogen associated with initiation and progression of various oral diseases. However, since the currently-available treatments often accompany adverse effects, alternative strategy is demanded to control streptococci. In the current study, we investigated whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate (NaP), and sodium butyrate (NaB), can inhibit the growth of oral streptococci. Among the tested SCFAs, NaP most potently inhibited the growth of laboratory and clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus gordonii under anaerobic culture conditions. However, the growth inhibitory effect of NaP on six different species of other oral streptococci was different depending on their culture conditions. Metabolic changes such as alteration of methionine biosynthesis can affect bacterial growth. Indeed, NaP enhanced intracellular methionine levels of oral streptococci as well as the mRNA expression level of methionine biosynthesis-related genes. Collectively, these results suggest that NaP has an inhibitory effect on the growth of oral streptococci, which might be due to alteration of methionine biosynthesis. Thus, NaP can be used an effective bacteriostatic agent for the prevention of oral infectious diseases caused by oral streptococci.
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging - Diagnostic pathways and metabolites for renal tumor entities.

BACKGROUND Correct tumor subtyping of primary renal tumors is essential for treatment decision in daily routine. Most of the tumors can be classified on morphology alone. Nevertheless, some diagnoses are difficult and further investigations are needed for correct tumor subtyping. Beside histochemical investigations high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) can detect new diagnostic biomarkers and hence improve the diagnostic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, n=552), papillary RCC (pRCC, n=122), chromophobe RCC (chRCC, n=108) and renal Oncocytoma (rO, n=71) were analyzed by high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). SPACiAL pipeline was executed for automated co-registration of histological and molecular features. Pathway enrichment and pathway topology analysis were performed to determine significant differences between RCC subtypes. RESULTS We discriminated the four histological subtypes (ccRCC, pRCC, chRCC and rO) and established the subtype specific pathways and metabolic profiles. RO showed an enrichment of pentose phosphate, taurine and hypotaurine, glycerophospholipid, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, fructose and mannose, glycine, serine and threonine pathways. ChRCC is defined by enriched pathways including the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, fructose and mannose, glycerophospholipid, taurine and hypotaurine, glycine, serine and threonine pathways. Pyrimidine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, glycerophospholipid and glutathione pathways are enriched in ccRCC. Furthermore, we detected enriched phosphatidylinositol and glycerophospholipid pathways in pRCC. CONCLUSION In summary, we performed a classification system with a mean accuracy in tumor discrimination of 85,13%. Furthermore, we detected tumor specific biomarkers for the four most common primary renal tumors by MALDI-MSI. This method is a useful tool in differential diagnosis and in biomarker detection.
Assessment of expertise in morphological identification of mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) using photomicrographs

Accurate identification of insect species is an indispensable and challenging requirement for every entomologist, particularly if the species is involved in disease outbreaks. The European MediLabSecure project designed an identification (ID) exercise available to any willing participant with the aim of assessing and improving knowledge in mosquito taxonomy. The exercise was based on high-definition photomicrographs of mosquitoes (26 adult females and 12 larvae) collected from the western Palaearctic. Sixty-five responses from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East were usable. The study demonstrated that the responders were better at identifying females (82% correct responses) than larvae (63%). When the responders reported that they were sure of the accuracy of their ID, the success rate of ID increased (92% for females and 88% for larvae). The top three tools used for ID were MosKeyTool (72% of responders), the ID key following Becker et al. [2010. Mosquitoes and their control, 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer] (38%), and the CD-ROM of Schaffner et al. [2001. Les moustiques d’Europe: logiciel d’identification et d’enseignement – The mosquitoes of Europe: an identification and training programme. Montpellier: IRD; EID] (32%), while other tools were used by less than 10% of responders. Responders reporting the identification of mosquitoes using the MosKeyTool were significantly better (80% correct responses) than non-MosKeyTool users (69%). Most responders (63%) used more than one ID tool. The feedback from responders in this study was positive, with the exercise being perceived as halfway between educational training and a fun quiz. It raised the importance of further expanding training in mosquito ID for better preparedness of mosquito surveillance and control programmes.
LINEAR RELATION FOR WIND-BLOWN BUBBLE SIZES OF MAIN-SEQUENCE OB STARS IN A MOLECULAR ENVIRONMENT AND IMPLICATION FOR SUPERNOVA PROGENITORS

We find a linear relationship between the size of a massive star's main-sequence bubble in a molecular environment and the star's initial mass: Rb ≈ 1.22 M/M☉ − 9.16 pc, assuming a constant interclump pressure. Since stars in the mass range of 8 to 25–30 M☉ will end their evolution in the red supergiant phase without launching a Wolf–Rayet wind, the main-sequence wind-blown bubbles are mainly responsible for the extent of molecular gas cavities, while the effect of the photoionization is comparatively small. This linear relation can thus be used to infer the masses of the massive star progenitors of supernova remnants (SNRs) that are discovered to evolve in molecular cavities, while few other means are available for inferring the properties of SNR progenitors. We have used this method to estimate the initial masses of the progenitors of eight SNRs: Kes 69, Kes 75, Kes 78, 3C 396, 3C 397, HC 40, Vela, and RX J1713−3946.
Black hole collapse and democratic models

We study the evolution of black hole entropy and temperature in collapse scenarios, nding three generic lessons. First, entropy evolution is extensive. Second, at large times, entropy and temperature ring with twice the frequency of the lowest quasinormal mode. Third, the entropy oscillations saturate black hole area theorems in general relativity. The rst two features are characteristic of entanglement dynamics in ‘democratic’ models. Solely based on general relativity and BekensteinHawking entropy formula, our results point to democratic models as microscopic theories of black holes. The third feature can be taken as a prediction for democratic models coming from black hole physics.
A Ks-band-selected catalogue of objects in the ALHAMBRA survey

The original ALHAMBRA catalogue contained over 400,000 galaxies selected using a synthetic F814W image, to the magnitude limit AB(F814W)$\approx$24.5. Given the photometric redshift depth of the ALHAMBRA multiband data ( =0.86) and the approximately $I$-band selection, there is a noticeable bias against red objects at moderate redshift. We avoid this bias by creating a new catalogue selected in the $K_s$ band. This newly obtained catalogue is certainly shallower in terms of apparent magnitude, but deeper in terms of redshift, with a significant population of red objects at $z>1$. We select objects using the $K_s$ band images, which reach an approximate AB magnitude limit $K_s \approx 22$. We generate masks and derive completeness functions to characterize the sample. We have tested the quality of the photometry and photometric redshifts using both internal and external checks. Our final catalogue includes $\approx 95,000$ sources down to $K_s \approx 22$, with a significant tail towards high redshift. We have checked that there is a large sample of objects with spectral energy distributions that correspond to that of massive, passively evolving galaxies at $z > 1$, reaching as far as $z \approx 2.5$. We have tested the possibility of combining our data with deep infrared observations at longer wavelengths, particularly Spitzer IRAC data.
Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs, Cimex spp.

Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are an important group of obligate hematophagous urban insect pests. The global resurgence of bed bugs, involving the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. , and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), over the past two decades is believed to be primarily due to the development of insecticide resistance, along with global travel and poor pest management, which have contributed to their spread. This review examines and synthesizes the literature on bed bug origins and their global spread and the literature on historical and contemporary control options. This includes bed bug prevention, detection and monitoring, nonchemical and chemical control methodologies (and their limitations), and potential future control options. Future research needs are highlighted, especially the factors behind the modern resurgence, the necessity of identifying differences between the two bed bug species relevant to control, and the need to improve insecticide test protocols and management strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 68 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Ultrasound evidence of altered lumbar fascia in patients with low back pain

Different hypotheses have been proposed about the role of lumbar connective tissue in low back pain (LBP). However, none of the previous studies have examined the change in the elastic behavior of lumbar fascia in patients with LBP. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the elastic behavior of lumbar fascia in patients with chronic non‐specific LBP based on ultrasound imaging. The sonographic strain imaging assessed the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) of 131 human subjects (68 LBP and 63 non‐LBP). Assessments were done at L2–L3 and L4–L5 levels bilaterally. The points were located 2 cm lateral to the midpoint of the interspinous ligament. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between LBP and healthy individuals. There is a strong inverse relationship between pain severity (r = −0.76, n = 68, p = 0.004) and the TLF elastic modulus coefficient. No significant relationship were observed between age (r = 0.053, n = 68, p = 0.600), BMI (r = −0.45, n = 68, p = 0.092), and gender (r = −0.09, n = 68, p = 0.231) with the TLF elasticity coefficient. The LBP group had a 25%–30% lower TLF elastic modulus coefficient than healthy individuals. The present study is the first to evaluate the elastic coefficient of TLF using the ultrasound imaging method. The study results showed that the TLF elastic coefficient in patients with LBP was reduced compared to healthy individuals and directly related to LBP severity.
Impurity-induced in-gap state and Tc in sign-reversing s-wave superconductors: analysis of iron oxypnictide superconductors

The sign-reversing fully gapped superconducting state, which is expected to be realized in oxypnictide superconductors, can be prominently affected by nonmagnetic impurities due to the interband scattering of Cooper pairs. We study this problem based on the isotropic two-band BCS model: in oxypnictide superconductors, the interband impurity scattering I ′ is not equal to the intraband one I. In the Born scattering regime, the reduction in Tc is sizeable and the impurity-induced density of states (DOS) is prominent if I∼I ′, due to the interband scattering. Although impurity-induced DOS can yield a power-law temperature dependence in 1/T1, it is inevitably accompanied by a sizeable suppression of Tc. In the unitary scattering regime, in contrast, the effect of impurities is very small for both Tc and DOS except at I=I ′. On comparing theory and experiments, we surmise that the degree of anisotropy in the s±-wave gap function strongly depends on the compound.
A local characterization for static charged black holes

We obtain a purely local characterization that singles out the Majumdar–Papapetrou class, the near-horizon Bertotti–Robinson geometry and the Reissner–Nordström exterior solution, together with its plane and hyperbolic counterparts, among the static electrovacuum spacetimes. These five classes are found to form the whole set of static Einstein–Maxwell fields without sources and conformally flat space of orbits, that is, the conformastat electrovacuum spacetimes. The main part of the proof consists in showing that a functional relationship between the gravitational and electromagnetic potentials must always exist. The classification procedure also provides an improved characterization of Majumdar–Papapetrou, by only requiring a conformally flat space of orbits with a vanishing Ricci scalar of the usual conveniently rescaled 3-metric. A simple global consideration allows us to state that the asymptotically flat subset of the Majumdar–Papapetrou class and the Reissner–Nordström exterior solution are the only asymptotically flat conformastat electrovacuum spacetimes.
Krull Dimension of Monomial Ideals in Polynomial Rings with Real Exponents

We develop a new technique for studying monomial ideals in the standard polynomial rings A[X 1,…, X d ] where A is a commutative ring with identity. The main idea is to consider induced ideals in the semigroup ring where 𝕄1,…, 𝕄 d are nonzero additive subgroups of ℝ. We prove that the set of nonzero finitely generated monomial ideals in R has the structure of a metric space, and we prove that a version of Krull dimension for this setting is lower semicontinuous with respect to this metric space structure. We also show how to use discrete techniques to study certain monomial ideals in this context.
A highly unequal-mass eclipsing M-dwarf binary in the WFCAM Transit Survey

In this paper we present the discovery of a highly unequal-mass eclipsing M-dwarf binary, providing a unique constraint on binary star formation theory and on evolutionary models for low-mass binary stars. The binary is discovered using high- precision infrared light curves from the WFCAM Transit Survey (WTS) and has an orbital period of 2.44 d. We find stellar masses of M1 = 0.53 (0.02) Msun and M2 = 0.143 (0.006) Msun (mass ratio 0.27), and radii of R1 = 0.51 (0.01) Rsun and R2 = 0.174 (0.006) Rsun. This puts the companion in a very sparsely sampled and important late M-dwarf mass-regime. Since both stars share the same age and metallicity and straddle the theoretical boundary between fully and partially convective stellar interiors, a comparison can be made to model predictions over a large range of M-dwarf masses using the same model isochrone. Both stars appear to have a slightly inflated radius compared to 1 Gyr model predictions for their masses, but future work is needed to properly account for the effects of star spots on the light curve solution. A significant, subsynchronous, ~2.56 d signal with ~2% peak-to-peak amplitude is detected in the WFCAM light curve, which we attribute to rotational modulation of cool star spots. We propose that the subsynchronous rotation is either due to a stable star-spot complex at high latitude on the (magnetically active) primary (i.e. differential rotation), or to additional magnetic braking, or to interaction of the binary with a third body or circumbinary disk during its pre-main-sequence phase.