Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of baseband impedance on FET intermodulation

The intermodulation performance of an FET in the common-source configuration is dependent on the impedance presented to its gate and drain terminals, not only at fundamental, but also at harmonic and baseband frequencies. At baseband frequencies, these terminating impedances are usually determined by the bias networks, which may have varying impedance over the frequencies involved. This can give rise to asymmetry in two-tone intermodulation levels, and changing intermodulation levels with tone spacing, as previous studies have shown. In this paper, an FET is analyzed to gain an understanding, useful to the circuit designer, of the contributing mechanisms, and to enable the prediction of bias points and the design of networks that can minimize or maximize these effects. Compact formulas are given to facilitate this. An amplifier was tested, showing good agreement between the theoretical and measured results.
The In-Plane Dynamics of Tyres on Uneven Roads

SUMMARY The excitation of the tyre by short wavelength road unevennesses (e.g. cleats) is very complex. The tyre, which acts as a geometric filter due to its finite dimensions, smoothens the sharp edges of the unevenness. In this paper two situations of the tyre rolling over unevennesses are analysed using experiments and simulations: quasi-static rolling at very low velocity and dynamic rolling at high velocity. For the quasi-static rolling simulations an elaborate tyre model is used: the flexible ring model. This model is able to describe the deformation of the tyre tread-band. The responses of the tyre measured and simulated at quasi-static conditions are transferred into effective inputs. These effective inputs are used in a more simple tyre model: the rigid ring model. This model is used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the tyre rolling over the unevennesses, also at higher velocity
Event‐triggered optimal tracking control of multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems via adaptive critic designs

In this article, the event‐triggered optimal tracking control problem for multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems is investigated by using adaptive critic designs. By constructing a neural network (NN)‐based observer with input–output data, the system dynamics of multiplayer unknown nonlinear systems is obtained. Subsequently, the optimal tracking control problem is converted to an optimal regulation problem by establishing a tracking error system. Then, the optimal tracking control policy for each player is derived by solving coupled event‐triggered Hamilton‐Jacobi (HJ) equation via a critic NN. Meanwhile, a novel weight updating rule is designed by adopting concurrent learning method to relax the persistence of excitation (PE) condition. Moreover, an event‐triggering condition is designed by using Lyapunov's direct method to guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the closed‐loop multiplayer systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is verified by two different multiplayer nonlinear systems.
Rational design of domestic biosand filters

A biosand filtration (BSF) unit is an intermittently operated slow sand filter designed for household use. This paper reviews the practical application of B S F , identifies the important design considerations and proposes a systematic design procedure. The media properties, water requirements, filter cycle time and water temperature are identified as the most important design input parameters. The resultant specifications are the water dosage volume, water production rate and media bed dimensions. We propose two parameters for characterising the filtration rate, namely the initial and average clean bed filtration rate. Mathematical expressions for these two parameters and the filtration time are derived. Guideline values for the filtration rate and the ratio of the pore volume to the water dosage volume are established and used as design checks. It is noted that the filtration rate is determined solely by the properties of the water temperature and the media—customary constraints posed by the bed area and the bed depth had been eliminated. Therefore the heart of BSF design lies in the careful and appropriate selection of the filter media. The design procedure proposed is illustrated with an example for a typical rural household in Venda, South Africa.
The Role of Coupled Feedbacks in the Decadal Variability of the Southern Hemisphere Eddy‐Driven Jet

Recent work has suggested that tropical Pacific decadal variability and external forcings have had a comparable influence on the observed changes in the Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy‐driven jet over the satellite era. Here we contrast the zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Hemisphere eddy‐driven jet to tropical Pacific decadal variability by designing an atmosphere‐only PAC‐A experiment using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and comparing it with the fully coupled Community Earth System Model Version 1 (CESM1) tropical Pacific pacemaker (PAC‐C) experiments. In both frameworks, the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are identical (model climatology plus observed anomalies), which allows the PAC‐C and PAC‐A experiments to be used to estimate the impact of coupling on teleconnections from the tropical Pacific to the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The observed summertime South Pacific jet intensification is reproduced in both coupled and uncoupled experiments, indicating that the central and eastern tropical Pacific (hereafter, tropical Pacific) SST impacts the South Pacific jet mainly via direct atmospheric teleconnections. By contrast, only the coupled PAC‐C captures the summertime poleward shift of the South Atlantic‐Indian jet, suggesting that air‐sea coupling is essential in driving the teleconnections between tropical Pacific SST anomalies and South Atlantic‐Indian jet variations.
Hybrid Workspace: Re-Spatialisations of Work, Organisation and Management

New information and communication technologies enable the spatial reconfiguration of work opening up possibilities for work to take place across multiple locations. This paper explores the implications of hybrid workspace through a new empirical study. It argues that spatial hybridity changes the nature of work, organisation and management across domestic space, organisational space and in cyberspace.
Responses of resistive superconducting-fault-current-limiters to unbalanced faults

We analyzed the unsymmetrical fault characteristics of resistive superconducting-fault-current-limiters (SFCL) based on YBCO thin films with the unbalanced faults such as a single line-to-ground fault, a double line-to-ground fault, and a line-to-line fault in a three-phase system. The unsymmetrical rates of fault phases were 6.4, 9.2, 8.8 at the fault onset, but decreased by 1.4, 1.5, 3.7 after 50 ms in the fault types, respectively. The positive sequence current I/sub 1/ was the highest in a double line-to-ground fault, immediately after the fault onset, but that of a line-to-line fault was the highest after 50 ms. This means the current limiting effect was the worst in a line-to-line fault, due to the unbalanced quench between the SFCL units. The negative sequence currents I/sub 2/ of a single and double line-to-ground faults were relatively low, except for the quench instant, because of the rapid interruption of fault currents by the SFCL. The zero sequence current I/sub 0/ was similar to the behavior of the negative sequence current. Finally, the positive sequence resistance Z/sub 1/ was reduced remarkably immediately after the fault but gradually approached the balanced positive sequence resistance prior to the system fault, except during a line-to-line fault. The simultaneous quench between the SFCL units was important for low line-to-line fault currents.
Standby Power Management Architecture for Deep- Submicron Systems

Abstract : In deep-submicron processes a significant portion of the power budget is lost in standby power due to increasing leakage effects. For systems that have long idle times punctuated by bursts of activity, such as PDAs, cell-phones, and wireless sensor networks nodes, this standby power consumption reduces the effectiveness of duty-cycling. This work surveys a number of subthreshold leakage reduction techniques and identifies supply rail gating "MTCMOS" as the most promising. MTCMOS is a dynamic technique that has two distinct modes: an active processing mode and a lower power sleep mode. The smallest area implementations of MTCMOS have the side-effect of losing the state of the system when in sleep mode. This complicates the resumption of the active mode, because traditional designs are intolerent to the loss of state. This work presents a general framework to reduce the state maintainence requirements during sleep mode without losing information required to resume the active mode. The framework is applied to finite state machines and microprocessors, since these are commonly used in system design. Partitioning the system into subsystems with individually controlled supply rails "termed power domains" allows fine-grain control of the power mode for portions of the chip. Each power domain must be dynamically put in the appropriate power mode to ensure correct system operation while minimizing power consumption. This control logic collectively forms the core of a power manager. Most power manager implementation approaches are largely ad-hoc and custom designed for each application. This work presents a structured methodology and architecture for the implementation and control of power domains to form a power managed system. Approaches to the partitioning and implementation of individual power domains are explored. The functional requirements for the power manager
Model-based scene tracking using radar sensors for intelligent automotive vehicle systems

Several intelligent vehicle applications require knowledge of the presence of objects in the path of the host vehicle. Current approaches to this in-path decision process do not fully utilize the information available from the forward-looking sensor. This paper describes a path algorithm in which the observed trajectories of preceding vehicles are used to determine the shape of the road in front of the host, along with the orientation of the host w.r. t. the road, thereby improving the accuracy of object lane determination.
Design and fabrication of nanoscale ultrasonic transducers

The development of nanometre sized ultrasonic transducers is important in both biological and industrial applications. The small size can be important in its own right or necessary in order to generate acoustic waves with nanometric wavelengths. Potential applications of nanotransducers range from embedded sensors through to sub optical wavelength acoustic imaging. In this paper we discuss the design and fabrication of nanoscale ultrasonic transducers. The transducers rely on optical and mechanical resonances, they can be used to generate and detect high frequency ultrasound in a sample. The mechanical and optical performance of the devices have been extensively modelled using both analytical techniques and finite element modelling. This allows the fine tuning of the design parameters to ensure optimised performance for the experimental configuration. The devices can be fabricated in a number of ways, we present one method for building these types of devices, a 'top down' approach where plate structures are built up and patterned using standard photolithographic techniques. This method produces nanoscale devices in one dimension only (the others being a few microns) but produces excellent devices for testing in situ and for comparison to the models as they are easy to handle and measure. Approaches for reducing the other dimensions to the nanoscale will also be considered.
Cost Management in a Tactical Environment: A Case Study of the 316th Expeditionary Support Command (ESC) in Iraq, 2007-2008

Abstract : This project investigates the distinction between cost-benefit analysis and cost management. Although there exist several precedents in which elements of the Department of Defense have practiced cost management, nowhere to be found was an example of applied cost management in a theater of combat. This project provides a case study of the 316th ESC, which may begin to fill that void. The 316th ESC's staff forecasted future consumption, supervised the execution of operational missions, measured the consumption of resources, and reviewed variances between what was planned and what actually happened. These steps raised questions that fed continuous improvement. Of the many projects initiated by the 316th ESC, the two that best exemplified the cost-management process were the institution of supply referrals and the reductions of Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) inventories. Supply referrals significantly reduced inventories, lowered transportation costs, and improved customer wait time. The reduction of MRE inventories saved over $4.8 million in direct costs, and saved Soldiers' lives by reducing supply convoys. By planning, executing, measuring, and reviewing the consumption of resources, the 316th ESC was able to target inefficiency and overconsumption, while providing better service to its customers. It accomplished its mission at the right cost.
Extension of proposal of standards for intelligibility tests of Chinese speech: CDRT-tone

The published Chinese diagnostic rhyme test (CDRT) has been proposed as a standard method for evaluating the intelligibility of coded, synthesised or distorted Chinese speech over wired or wireless voice channels in a communication system. Inheriting the philosophy of the English context DRT test, the CDRT only assessed six groups of phonetic attribute distortion. However, pitch distortion is a highly important element for evaluating intelligibility of Chinese speech, which is characterised by Chinese tones, an important element of Chinese language which is absent in western languages. An extension to the CDRT named 'CDRT-tone' for the intelligibility test of Chinese tones is proposed. The relative features of Chinese tones are outlined and the principles of choosing phonetic units for the proposed standard, CDRT-tone, are presented. Then the validity of the CDRT-tone is discussed. Finally, CDRT-tone was applied to evaluate the pitch performance of the GSM regular pulse excitation with a long-term prediction (RPE-LTP) coding algorithm.
CLOSED REDUCTION AND PERCUTANEOUS KIRSCHNER WIRE FIXATION OF DISPLACED COLLES FRACTURE IN ADULTS

Objective: To find out the outcome of percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation, after closed reduction, in Colles Fracture. Design & Duration: Quasi experimental prospective study from February 2005 to July 2007. Setting: Department of Orthopaedics (Unit I), Civil Hospital, Karachi. Patients: Thirty three adult patients with displaced Colles Fracture. Methodology: Closed reduction and manipulation was done followed by percutaneous Kirchner wire fixation of the displaced Colles fracture through radial styloid across the fracture and one pin was passed in the interval between first and second dorsal extensor compartment. After reduction and fixation the arm was immobilized in a cast above the elbow with the forearm and wrist in neutral position. Kirschner wire was removed after six weeks, followed by support with a wrist splint. The results were assessed by Weiland’s criteria based on radiology and statical analysis was done using t-test and p-value. Results: Out of the total 33 cases, the outcome was excellent in 7(21.2%), good in 25(75.8%), and fair in 1(3%) case. The overall success rate was more than 95%. There was a statistically significant difference from pre-operative to post-operative, on the average, in radial angle (t=10.82, p=0.001), palmar angle (t=19.74, p=0.001) and radial length (t=9.6, p=0.001). Conclusion: Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is a minimally invasive technique that provides an effective means of maintening the anatomical fracture reduction. It does not required highly skilled personnel or sophisticated tools for application.
Treatment of modelling uncertainty of NLFEA in fib Model Code 2020

When non‐linear finite element analyses are used in design of new or assessment of existing concrete structures, one should account for the modelling uncertainty before conclusions are drawn based on the results. The present article describes the basis for how this topic is treated in the draft of fib Model Code 2020. There are two components of the modelling uncertainty: (i) within‐model, and (ii) between‐model. The within‐model uncertainty was estimated from a range of series of benchmark analyses gathered from the literature. Each series was assumed analyzed in a consistent manner, termed as the solution strategy. The main result for the within‐model component, is a set of prior parameters for Bayesian updating. In an application setting, the prior parameters should be updated after validating the selected solution strategy with a suite of relevant benchmark analyses, before using the mean and coefficient of variation in the Global Factor Method or calculating the modelling uncertainty factor γRd to be used in the Partial Factors Method. Finally, results from blind‐prediction competitions were studied. With the present data, it cannot be concluded that a‐priori knowledge of the experimental outcome reduces the uncertainty in the prediction. Hence, there is no need for compensating for this effect by a separate partial factor.
Hybrid reliability analysis for energy-absorbing composite structures based on evidence theory

It is important to investigate the uncertain modeling and reliability analysis for the crashworthiness capacity of composite energy-absorbing structures (CEAS) in which there are random and epistemic uncertainty. A probability-evidence theory hybrid uncertainty model and a corresponding efficient reliability analysis method for the crashworthiness capacity of CEAS are presented in this paper. In this method, evidence theory is introduced to address the difficulties in the epistemic uncertain modeling due to the lack of experimental samples, which expand greatly the applicability of reliability analysis technology in the crashworthiness capacity of CEAS research. Moreover, the probability theory is applied to address the random uncertainty. Based on the traditional equivalence normalization method, a probability-evidence theory hybrid reliability analysis model for the crashworthiness capacity of CEAS is developed. An explicit finite element analysis is used to calculate the peak crushing force and the specific energy absorption of CEAS which are presented by the quadratic response surface. Two numerical examples of CEAS are presented for verification of the validity of the proposed method.
Ambiguity as Discursive Strategy: A Critical Analysis of Pakistani Political League’s Selected Discourse Regarding Covid-19

This study unearths the ambiguities found in the discourseof prominent Pakistani political league during the outbreak of the pandemic covid-19 from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA). CDA is an approach to the analysis of discourse which considers language as a social practice and takes particular interest in the ways in which ideologies and power relations are expressed through language (Fairclough, 2015). This paper presents a reflection to unveil the discursive strategies which are being used by the major Pakistanipolitical parties’ leaders as they did not come up with any plan of action pertaining to covid-19 yet. These statements are merely based on criticism only for the sake of criticism without any systematic planning and logical way out to get rid of this critical situation. This analysis is guided by the framework of Fairclough’s model of CDA (2015) which consists of three inter-related processes of analysis tied to three inter-related dimensions of discourse. This paper highlights the ideological perspective of Prime minister Imran Khan, opposition leaders i.e., PML-N leader ShahbazShareef, Chairman Pakistan People’s Party, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari and MolanaFazal-u-Rehman. This study found out that the statements which are given by the major political parties on different political forums are full of vague ideas and uncertainty about Coronavirus outbreak which is, in a way,an evidence regarding their failure to understand and tackle the dire situation.
Complementary Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna for dual-band WiMAX/WLAN (3.5/5.8 GHz) applications

A proximity-fed complementary Sierpinski gasket fractal with equilateral triangular shape resonator in multilayer structure to achieve dual-band behavior for WiMAX and WLAN applications has been proposed. An electromagnetic coupled stacked structure of two different patches operating at two frequencies (3.5 GHz WiMAX and 5.8 GHz wireless LAN) has been designed for dual-band wireless applications. Proposed antenna was simulated using CST Microwave Studio based on the finite integration technique (FIT) with perfect boundary approximation (PBA). Finally, the proposed antenna was fabricated and some performance parameters were measured to validate against simulation results. The design procedures and employed tuning techniques to achieve the desired performance are presented.
A Study on Youth Behavior towards the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in Latvia

This paper reports the results of a study of young visitors’ intentions to visit the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in Latvia (target audience Generation Z and Generation Y, 15–25-year-old youth—the oldest part of the Generation Z and the younger part of Generation Y have been studied). The integrated research method was used: an online survey was conducted for data collection (n=317) and focus group discussions and observations (three groups—two from Latvia and one from Estonia) were held to study youth traveling behaviour in the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve. Findings showed that most youth are highly motivated to visit biosphere reserve by push and pull factors and agreed that visiting the biosphere reserve relieves stress, helps them to socialize, and allows them to escape from their daily routine. Almost all respondents agreed that there was a lack of advertisements, information in foreign languages and visibility of the area, but they also stated that they would be more motivated to visit and revisit the biosphere reserve if they could see their friends visiting it and posting about it on social media. Research pointed out that there is significant difference between Generation Z and Generation Y in platforms used for searching for information, as well as required tourism infrastructure elements.
Extended domain FWI via time warping

Summary Overcoming cycle-skipping in Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a significant step toward enabling automation in velocity model building. This reduces the demand of acquiring very low frequency data and/or starting the inversion procedure from kinematically accurate models. We present a new FWI method that uses time-warping as the extension domain to overcome cycle-skipping. The warping function dynamically transports the recorded field data to the modeled data and is imposed to represent the actual physical time. Thus, the derived objective function allows the inversion of the two parameters involved, model and time-warping extension, in a single optimization problem, whose solution is provided by the Alternate Direction Method (ADM). The novel FWI objective function enables automatic transition from a pure time-shift problem to a conventional least-squares one. We successfully apply the new FWI method to both synthetic and field data sets to demonstrate its effectiveness starting from inaccurate initial models. Results show the benefits of the new FWI approach in reducing the turnaround time for building high-resolution models from very simple initial velocity models.