Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Geology of the Central Sumatra Back-Arc Basin

Abstract The tectonics and the Tertiary structural history of the Central Sumatra Back-arc Basin in the P.T. Caltex Pacific Indonesia area of operations, situated largely between the Bila River to the north and the Kampar River to the south, are discussed. The structural style in Central Sumatra is produced by a tensional regime strongly overprinted by a (later? ) dextral wrench component. Compression does not appear to have been a dominant force; most compression observed in the Tertiary section can be ascribed to that component of wrench tectonics. A newly described type of fold, which appears to occur in other Sunda Basins also, results from specific depositional and tectonic processes related to wrench faulting. It is named the Sunda Fold. Two regional seismic lines across the Basin, and several short seismic lines across individual structures, illustrate tensional, wrench, and drape structuring. The shallow Pretertiary basement and thin sediments of the Central Sumatra Basin are characterized by a very high geothermal gradient. The average gradient for 58 wells is 3.38°F/100'. The high geothermal gradient results from crustal fractures penetrating to the upper mantle. An important Mesozoic crustal feature, the Kerumutan Line, separates Pretertiary oceanic and continental crust.
An Event-Based Unified System Model to Characterize and Evaluate Timing Covert Channels

Covert channels are communication channels to transmit information utilizing existing system resources without being detected by network security elements, such as firewalls. Thus, they can be utilized to leak confidential governmental, military, and corporate information. Malicious users, like terrorists, can use covert channels to exchange information without being detected by cyber-intelligence services. Therefore, covert channels can be a grave security concern, and it is important to detect, eliminate, and disrupt covert communications. Active network wardens can attempt to eliminate such channels by traffic modification, but such an implementation will also hamper innocuous traffic, which is not always acceptable. Owing to a large number of covert channel algorithms, it is not possible to deal with them on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, it necessitates a unified system model that can represent them. In this paper, we present an event-based model to represent timing covert channels. Based on our model, we calculate the capacity of various covert channels and evaluate their essential features, such as the impact of network jitter noise and packet losses. We also used simulations to obtain these parameters to verify its accuracy and applicability.
The role of Protein Kinase Cα in the skin and cutaneous wound healing

Chronic wounds represent a severe socio-economic burden and a key area of unmet clinical need. PKC? is ubiquitous in the skin, particularly the epidermis and functions in numerous pathways that are fundamental to wound repair. By utilising a global PKC? -/- mouse we have identified PKC? -regulated processes both in unwounded skin and during wound healing. PKC? -/- mice display considerably delayed wound healing with a dramatic reduction in re-epithelialisation. By analysing the ultrastructure of the epidermis, I have shown that this delay directly correlates with a failure of wound edge desmosomes to switch to a their adhesive properties. A major risk factor for the development of chronic wounds is age. Crucially, this delay in modulating cell adhesion is conserved in human chronic wounds and aged murine skin. Furthermore, manipulation of PKC? using an inducible bitransgenic mouse containing epidermal specific constitutively active PKC? can accelerate the modulation of desmosome adhesion and subsequently improve re-epithelialisation. Global gene expression analysis of PKC? -/- skin and wounds revealed further defects. Upon wounding, we observed a failure to correctly regulate expression of key collagen and Wnt signalling genes that are essential for correct and timely wound healing. Finally, intrinsic gene expression changes were identified in the skin of PKC? -/- mice, specifically a downregulation of multiple extracellular matrix genes. Of note was the downregulation of small leucine-rich proteoglycans which led to alterations to dermal collagen structure and skin tensile strength. These changes render the PKC? -/- skin susceptible to breaking and wound development. To conclude, we have identified multiple roles for PKC? intrinsically in the skin and also during cutaneous wound healing. Importantly, these intrinsic changes appear to predispose PKC? -/- skin to the development of cutaneous wounds and altered wound-specific processes that manifest in a delayed healing phenotype.
Fasting metabolic rate in hens. 1. Effects of body weight, feather loss, and activity.

Environmental factors affecting fasting metabolic rate (FMR) were quantified and a short-time recording system was developed. Discontinuous measurements of gas exchange of 1,120 medium weight brown egg layers were taken after 24 and 36 hr of starvation. Body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) were measured and feather cover and activity evaluated by scores. The FMR increased with deterioration of plumage cover. Differences between hens with complete feather cover (Score 1) and nearly naked birds (Score 4) were 8 kJ2/hr at night and 11 kJ/hr during the light phase. Fully fed hens measured during the light phase showed the same curvilinear relationship as starved birds. Only a small proportion of the heat increment generated by ingested food is used by poorly feathered hens to maintain body temperature. Gaseous exchange was affected by locomotor activity in the respiration chamber. The FMR of resting and quietly standing birds were 29.75 +/- 1.00 kJ/hr and 30.55 +/- 1.00 kJ/hr, respectively. During the prelaying phase, FMR showed an increment of 13 kJ/hr with a peak shortly before oviposition. The following exponential relationships between BW in kilograms, and SL in centimeters with FMR were estimated for light phase FMR = 18.52 BW . 59 +/- . 05 kJ/hr, R2 = . 11; for dark phase FMR = 15.21 BW 54 +/- . 04 kJ/hr, R2 = . 17 and FMR = . 32 SL 1.64 +/- . 10 kJ/hr, R2 = . 19. In poorly feathered strains, SL was as good a predictor of body size as BW. Correcting FMR data for feather loss changed regression coefficients and allometric functions significantly: for light phase FMR = 15.47 BW . 74 +/- . 03 kJ/hr and R2 = . 15; for dark phase FMR = 13.11 BW . 66 +/- . 03 kJ/hr and R2 = . 28.
University students' heuristic usability ınspection of the national library of Turkey website

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usability of the National Library of Turkey website developed for all citizens in the country to retrieve information available in a wide range of areas. ,The evaluation performed by 57 undergraduate university students involved the identification and analysis of usability problems in the selected website. The assessment process was mainly based on Nielsen’s Heuristics. The data obtained in the evaluation process were enriched using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Net Promoter Score (NPS) to conduct a more detailed analysis. ,The participants identified many usability problems concerning the evaluated website and considered it as having low usability characteristics. The most violated heuristic item was found to be “consistency and standards” whereas the least violated heuristic item was “match between system and the real world. ” The total number of the usability problems in heuristic evaluation correlated significantly and negatively with the SUS and the NPS results indicating that the more participants identified usability problems, the less they considered the website as usable and recommendable. ,The participants were not usability experts, however they were selected from among the students who received the Human Computer Interaction course to ensure that they had sufficient information and experience concerning the evaluation of a website with heuristics. Besides, the study was limited to a small number of university students. The implication is that results of this study have potential to guide libraries, which plan to adapt themselves to the digital world by delivering web services, by addressing critical points influencing users’ points of views toward library websites and their usability evaluation result. ,Depending on the changes in user habits regarding the retrieval of information, libraries have made considerable investments in web technologies to meet their users’ demands, and recently, digital libraries have begun to take over physical libraries. Users always need to perform tasks efficiently, effectively and satisfactorily when using websites. As one of the most crucial sources of digital materials, library websites are expected to have usable characteristics that satisfactorily meet user requirements. Therefore, the practical implication is that the findings of the study will guide designers, developers and practitioners in the development of library websites. ,In the context of usability evaluation of digital libraries, this is the first study to analyze effects of usability problems identified by users during the heuristic inspection on their overall evaluation score and willingness to recommend the website to their friends or colleagues.
Empirical Analysis of Information Disclosure Transparency — Listed Electronics Companies in Taiwan as an Example

The transparency of information disclosure in the c ontext of corporate governance is the most importan t topical issue. This paper examines the influence of corpora te performances, ownership structure and board comp osition on the transparency of information disclosure by using the 294 listed electronics in the Fifth Year Survey of Information Disclosure and Transparency Raking System of Listed Companies in Taiwan. The following conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of the data in 2008. 1. When the financial performance is better, the tr ansparency of information disclosure is higher. 2. When the ownership is more concentrated, the tra nsparency of information disclosure is worse. 3. There is no significant correlation between boar d size and information disclosure transparency. 4. The results indicate that introducing independen t directors and supervisors is a highly recommended mechanism to gain a better rating in the information disclosure assessment system and obtain trust from the public.
Freelancer Influence Evaluation and Gig Service Quality Prediction in Fiverr

The service technology and crowdsourcing movement have spawned a host of successful efforts that promote the rapid development of the human service ecosystem. In this ecosystem, a large number of globally-distributed freelancers are organized to tackle a range of tasks over the web. These crowdsourcing services provide convenience for civilians with lower price and shorter response time. However, the convenience cannot whitewash many unstable factors that are caused by human involvement, such as undefinable reputation, unstable quality, crowdturfing, and etc. In this paper, we present a comprehensive data-driven investigation of one prominent supply-driven human services marketplace-Fiverr-wherein we analyze freelancers' marketing behaviors and their offering services (called "gigs"). As part of this investigation, we identify the key features that can be used to evaluate freelancers' influence and develop a GSRC (Gig service property + Seller Impact + Customer Review + Semantic Content) model to predict gig service quality. As far as we know, this is the first attempt that involves the service semantic info in the prediction model and integrates all these four aspect factors.
Effects of the Back Plate Inner Diameter on the Frictional Heat Input and General Performance of Brush Seals

Reducing losses in the secondary air system of gas and steam turbines can significantly increase the efficiency of such machines. Meanwhile, brush seals are a widely used alternative to labyrinth seals. Their most valuable advantage over other sealing concepts is the very small gap between the sealing package and the rotor and thus reduced leakage mass flow. This small gap can be achieved due to the great radial flexibility without running the risk of severe detrimental deterioration in case of rubbing. Rubbing between rotor and seal during operation might occur as a result of e.g., an unequal thermal expansion of the rotor and stator or a rotor elongation due to centrifugal forces or manoeuvre forces. Thanks to the flexible structure of the brush seal, the contact forces during a rubbing event are reduced; however, the frictional heat input can still be considerable. Particularly in aircraft engines with their thin and lightweight rotor structures, the permissible material stresses can easily be exceeded by an increased heat input and thus harm the engine’s integrity. The geometry of the seal has a decisive influence on the resulting contact forces and consequently the heat input. This paper is a contribution to further understand the influence of the geometrical parameters of the brush seal on the heat input and the leakage during the rubbing of the seal on the rotor. In this paper, a total of three seals with varied back plate inner diameter are examined in more detail. The experimental tests were carried out on the brush seal test rig of the Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery (ITS) under machine-relevant conditions. These are represented by pressure differences of 1 to 7 bar, surface speeds of 30 to 180 m/s and radial interferences of 0.1 to 0.4 mm. For a better interpretation, the results were compared with those obtained at the static test rig of the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery (IFAS) at the Technical University of Braunschweig. The stiffness, the blow-down and the axial behaviour of the seals as a function of the differential pressure can be examined at this test rig. It could be shown that the back plate inner diameter has a decisive influence on the overall operating behaviour of a brush seal.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis among 1991 Gulf War Veterans: Evidence for a Time-Limited Outbreak

Background: In follow-up to recent reports of an elevated risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) among 1991 Gulf War veterans, we analyzed the distribution of disease onset times to determine whether the excess risk was time limited. Methods: This secondary analysis used data from a population-based series of ALS cases identified between 1991 and 2001 among the 2.5 million military personnel who were on active duty during the 1991 Gulf War. Annual standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated for all cases and for those with disease onset before age 45 years. Results: Forty-eight of 124 cases occurred among those deployed to the Persian Gulf region during the war. The annual SIR for deployed military personnel did not demonstrate a monotonically increasing trend for either all cases (χ2 = 0.11, d.f. = 1, p = 0.74) or for cases under 45 years of age at onset (χ2 = 2.41, d.f. = 1, p = 0.12). The highest risk was observed in 1996, declining thereafter. Among military personnel who were not deployed to the Gulf region, the level of risk remained fairly constant during the 11-year period. Conclusions: The excess risk of ALS among 1991 Gulf War veterans was limited to the decade following the war.
Expanding our conceptual horizons

A biologist, Bentley Glass, once declared that "[scientists] are like the explorers of a great continent who have penetrated to its margins in most points of the compass and have mapped the major mountain chains and rivers. There are still innumerable details to fill in, but the endless horizons no longer exist" (cited in Hoigan, 1996, p. 24). John Wheeler, an eminent physicist, expressed an opposing viewpoint: "As the island of our knowledge grows, so does the shore of our ignorance" (cited in Horgan, 1996, p. 83). It is puzzling to see one prominent scientist claiming that our knowledge is virtually complete and another saying that most major discoveries still await us. Similar arguments can be made about discovery in the field of education for the gifted and talented. Are we simply filling in details because we have resolved most of the big issues or are we still expanding the shores of our map of human ability? This special issue aligns with Wheeler's contention that there still is much to discover, and the more we discover the more we need to learn. It represents a concerted response to repeated calls for more expansive thinking about phenomena in the field of gifted education. Members of the Conceptual Foundations Division of the National Association for Gifted Children have advocated persistently for new research and theory that challenges or extends current thinking in the field. Fortunately, Tracy Cross reached out to the division and that catalyzed a large-scale investigative project culminating in this collection of adventurous, exploratory articles. This project generated some very large-scale analytic frameworks for considerations of giftedness and talent. The first two articles use the notion of levels of analysis to suggest new ways of grappling with the cognitive complexity of the field. I introduce the issue with the framing paper, "Interdisciplinary Expansion of Conceptual Foundations: Insights From Beyond Our Field. " Employing an interdisciplinary approach, I delineate six levels of analysis at which insights about giftedness, talent, and creativity are accessible. These levels, ranging from the macroperspectives of socioeconomic, cultural, historical, and political influences to the micro-perspectives of the cellular, molecularatomic, and subatomic realms, provide unique and necessary vantage points on the complexities of human potential. Excessive emphasis on one or a few levels can leave us with incomplete understandings about important phenomena in the field.
Galloitalienische Sprachkolonien am Golf von Policastro (Lukanien).

Es war im Frühjahr 1937. Ich befand mich auf der Rückreise aus Sizilien. In Sapri am Golf von Policastro hatte ich mich mit Freund Giacomelli (Rom) verabredet, um in diesem interessanten Übergangsgebiet zwischen dem Kampanischen und dem Kalabresischen gemeinsam einige Mundartenaufnahmen zu machen. Wir hatten u. a. das etwa 25 km landeinwärts gelegene Rivello für diesen Zweck ausersehen. Was mich persönlich an dem Ort lockte, war die mir bekannte Tatsache, dafs sich in diesem Ort griechischer Ritus ungewöhnlich lange (bis etwa 1572) gehalten hat. In Anbetracht dessen, dafs erst einige Jahre vorher sich der nördlich anstofsende Cilento mir als ein an griechischen Reliktwörtern reiches Gebiet erschlossen hatte und auch der kalabresisch-lukanische Grenzstreifen (Maratea-Papasidero-Castrovillari-Cerchiara) stark mit griechischen Spuren durchsetzt ist, war ich darauf gefaist, dals auch Rivello sich als ein Zentrum griechischer Spracheinflüsse erweisen würde. In diesen Erwartungen wurde ich ziemlich enttäuscht. Dafür kamen schon bei den ersten Wörtern, nach denen wir fragten, andere höchst merkwürdige Dinge zum Vorschein. Als Name des Salzes wurde uns a sah genannt. Es ist bekannt, dafs sale in ganz Zentralund Süditalien männliches Geschlecht hat. Nur im westlichen Oberitalien (Piemont, Ligurien, Lombardei), ferner in den galloitalienischen Kolonien auf Sizilien, sowie in der 1925—1930 von mir entdeckten Gruppe galloitalienischer Ortschaften im Gebiet von Potenza ist das Wort weiblich. Ein anderes Wort, dessen Geschlecht in Oberitalien weiblich ist (im scharfen Gegensatz zum übrigen Italien),
From surface dimer orientations to bonds at the GaP/Si(100) heterointerface

Despite intense research in III-V-on-silicon-heteroepitaxy since the 1980ies, ultra-high efficiency opto-electronic devices are yet to be realized. Pseudomorphic growth of GaP films on Si(100) is an adequate model system to study the polar-on-non-polar heterointerface which still is a major source of defects. Generally, in situ control of growth processes is vital in order to understand and, finally, avoid defect formation. While metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is of big interest regarding device production at large scale, the existence of a process gas limits in situ access to electron-based surface science techniques. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS), however, is applicable in vapor phase. Dimerized (100) surfaces of cubic crystals usually exhibit characteristic RA spectra, as known for both monohydride-terminated Si(100) and for P-rich GaP(100). Rotation of an anisotropic structure by 90° flips the sign of its RA spectrum so that dimer orientations are controllable in situ during surface preparation. This is essential, in particular, directly before III-V nucleation since process parameters strongly affect the surface formation. Moreover, the polarity of the GaP film determines the orientation of the P-dimers at the Prich GaP/Si(100) surface. Knowing both the polarity of the GaP film and the dimer orientation at the Si(100) substrate prior to nucleation, a simplistic model published by Beyer et al. allows to estimate whether Si-Ga or Si-P bonds are preferred at the heterointerface. Our findings are in favor of Si-P bonds which we demonstrate here for both preferentially A-type and B-type Si(100) 2° substrates.
An estimation of the frequency of precursor cells which generate cytotoxic lymphocytes

The cell-mediated immune response has been generated in vitro with a polyacrylamide culture system which allows the segregation of foci (clones? ) of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Using the method of limiting dilutions, the frequency of precursor cells in CBA spleen cells able to generate a cytotoxic response against DBA mastocytoma is estimated at 1 per 1,700 cells.
Design and Implementation of a Visual Feedback Control System Driven by Wires

This paper introduces a visual feedback control method for a multiple degree of freedom mechanical system driven by wires. This system is a small serial-link robot. It consists of a small-diameter tube and two pairs of wires, which are connected to the interior of the terminal link, which pass through the interior of every other link. The mechanical system is driven by electrical motors via tension in the wires. One pair of wires is for side-to-side motion while the other pair is for up-and-down motion. Such a mechanism is frequently used in medical and industrial devices, such as endoscopes. Furthermore, a compact CCD camera is mounted on the terminal link and functions as a vision sensor. The control system consists of a visual feedback control loop and a minor loop that directly controls the sum of all the joint angles. The control law of the minor loop is designed based on a Lyapunov's theory. On the other hand, the outer visual feedback control loop is designed to track a target point detected by the vision sensor. Each loop is connected by an image Jacobian number and its inverse, which are continually updated during operations. This control method is evaluated experimentally. It is anticipated that this system will be used in a variety of applications in the future.