Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Cnidocyst of the Atlantic Sea Nettle, Chrysaora quinquecirrha

Jellyfish envenomations have increased drastically in recent years and have been known to cause a wide variety of reactions to the victim. These reactions can be as mild as minor skin irritation to the extreme of death. Many research groups have studied the wide variety of toxins contained within these organisms trying to understand the underlying mechanism that causes these dramatic changes noted to both the physiology and viability of cells. With no clear method for cnidocyst (nematocyst) extraction or lysis, these toxins cannot be recovered entirely, which would hinder research on potential mechanisms of action of the proteins found within jellyfish venom. We have investigated several different methods to isolate and purify cnidocysts as well as lysis of this organelle. Cnidocyst lysis has proven to be very difficult due to the rigid exterior capsule. Cnidocyst were isolated from sea nettles (iChrysaora quinquecirrha) collected from Bamegat Bay, NJ in the summer of 2012 or earlier. Freshly collected samples of C. quinquecirrha were autolysed in either artificial sea water or distilled water for 48 hrs at 4°C, homogenized then filtered through Miracloth and subjected to several rounds of centrifugation at varying speeds to purify cnidocyst samples. Further purification was achieved through a Percoll discontinuous gradient. Intact cnidocysts were placed in different buffer solutions at varying pH and subjected to either brief ultrasonic disruption or bead mill homogenization. Samples were then separated into soluble supernatant and pellet fractions and subjected to protein determination, microscopic imaging of cnidocyst lysis and SDS-PAGE analysis to determine both the number and size of proteins present in the venom. Lysed cnidocysts extracts and pellets were subjected to various hemolytic assays and we have detected hemolysin activity in the venom from C. quinquecirrha. Controls have demonstrated that this activity is due to a protein with the majority of the activity seen in the pellet fractions. It is hoped that with better isolation and extraction protocols, purer venom samples will be extracted that could lead to further research and potential development of pharmacologically active peptides. This may also provide novel strategies for the treatment or prevention of jellyfish envenomations.
Recommending for a Three-Sided Food Delivery Marketplace: A Multi-Objective Hierarchical Approach

Online food delivery platforms are essentially a three-sided marketplace consisting of consumers, restaurant partners and delivery partners. A recommendation system for these platforms faces two main challenges. First, all sides of the marketplace have different and potentially conflicting utilities. Recommending in these contexts therefore entails jointly optimizing multiple conflicting objectives. Second, most food delivery platforms present their food recommendations hierarchically where a recommendation item can be either a single restaurant or a group of restaurants. Off-the-shelf recommendation algorithms are not applicable in these settings, as they focus on ranking items of the same type as a one-dimensional list. We propose MOHR, a multi-objective hierarchical recommender that tackles these challenges. MOHR combines machine learning with scalable multi-objective optimization for multi-sided recommendation, and incorporates a probabilistic model for hierarchical recommendation which accounts for consumers’ browsing patterns. The hierarchical approach ensures consistent consumer experience across different levels of aggregations of the recommended items, and provides transparency to the restaurant partners. We further develop an efficient optimization solution for serving MOHR in large-scale online platforms in real time. We implement MOHR at one of the largest industrial food delivery platforms in the world serving millions of consumers, and experiment with objectives including consumer happiness, marketplace fairness and partner earnings. Online experiments show a significant increase in consumer conversion, retention and gross bookings, which combined translate to $1.5 million weekly gain in revenue. Our work has been deployed globally by the industrial food delivery platform as the recommendation algorithm for its homepage.
A Systematic Search for Hidden Type 1 AGNs: Gas Kinematics and Scaling Relations

We search type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) among emission-line galaxies, that are typically classified as type 2 AGNs based on emission line flux ratios if a broad component in the Hα line profile is not properly investigated. Using ∼24,000 type 2 AGNs at z < 0.1, initially selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 by Bae & Woo, we identify a sample of 611 type 1 AGNs based on the spectral fitting results and visual inspection. These hidden type 1 AGNs have relatively low luminosity with a mean broad Hα luminosity, log erg s−1 and low Eddington ratio with a mean log Lbol/LEdd = −2.04 ± 0.34, while they do follow the black hole mass–stellar velocity dispersion relation defined by the inactive galaxies and the reverberation-mapped type 1 AGNs. We investigate ionized gas outflows based on the [ ] λ5007 kinematics, which show relatively high velocity dispersion and velocity shift, indicating that the line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion of the ionized gas in type 1 AGNs is, on average, larger than that of type 2 AGNs.
The origin of dust polarization in molecular outflows

Aims: In this paper we present a case study to investigate conditions necessary to detect a characteristic magnetic field substructure embedded in a large-scale field. A helical magnetic field with a surrounding hourglass shaped field is expected from theoretical predictions and self-consistent magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations to be present in the specific case of protostellar outflows. Hence, such an outflow environment is the perfect for our study. Methodes: We present synthetic polarisation maps in the infrared and millimeter regime of protostellar outflows performed with the newly developed RT and polarisation code POLARIS. The code, as the first, includes a self-consistent description of various alignement mechanism like the imperfect Davis-Greenstein (IDG) and the radiative torque (RAT) alignment. We investigate for which effects the grain size distribution, and applied alignement mechanism have. Results: We find that the IDG mechanism cannot produce any measurable polarization degree (< 1 %) whereas RAT alignment produced polarization degrees of a few 1 %. Furthermore, we developed a method to identify the origin of the polarization. We show that the helical magnetic field in the outflow can only be observed close to the outflow axis and at its tip, whereas in the surrounding regions the hourglass field in the foreground dominates the polarization. Furthermore, the polarization degree in the outflow lobe is lower than in the surroundings in agreement with observations. We also find that the orientation of the polarization vector flips around a few 100 micron due to the transition from dichroic extinction to thermal re-emission. Hence, in order to avoid ambiguities when interpreting polarization data, we suggest to observed in the far-infrared and mm regime. Finally, we show that with ALMA it is possible to observe the polarization emerging from protostellar outflows.
Issues with Vacuum Energy as the Origin of Dark Energy

In this paper, we address some of the issues raised in the literature about the conflict between a large vacuum energy density, a priori predicted by quantum field theory, and the observed dark energy which must be the energy of vacuum or include it. We present a number of arguments against this claim and in favor of a null vacuum energy. They are based on the following arguments: A new definition for the vacuum in quantum field theory as a frame-independent coherent state; results from a detailed study of condensation of scalar fields in Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) background performed in a previous work; and our present knowledge about the Standard Model of particle physics. One of the predictions of these arguments is the confinement of nonzero expectation value of Higgs field to scales roughly comparable with the width of electroweak gauge bosons or shorter. If the observation of Higgs by the LHC is confirmed, accumulation of relevant events and their energy dependence in near future should allow us to measure the spatial extend of the Higgs condensate.
Automated weak signal frequency estimation method based on Duffing oscillator and particle swarm optimization

The frequency of a weak signal is used for fault diagnosis and target identification in various fields. By introducing particle swarm optimization (PSO) and spectral entropy (SE), an automated weak signal frequency estimation method based on the Duffing oscillator is proposed. The proposed method uses the differential structure to enhance the timing difference of the Duffing oscillator between the chaotic and large-scale periodic states, which is quantitatively distinguished by SE. Then, the frequency of the internal driving force is adaptively adjusted by the PSO to allow the SE to reach a minimum value where the driving frequency equals the weak signal frequency. A group of weak signals with different frequencies has been tested. The maximum relative frequency error is only 0.68%. Unlike other chaotic oscillator-based frequency estimation methods, the proposed method does not need to determine the phase state manually. A rough initial frequency search range is sufficient for automatic frequency measurement of the proposed method in this paper.
Investigation into the Compressive Stress on Lumbar Spine among Tractor Drivers during different Ride Conditions

The aim of this investigation is to figure out the stress (compressive) on the lumbar spine of tractor driver posture among different ride conditions i.e., RPM (Revolutions per minute), Postures, and Road Conditions). The spinal stress under various riding conditions was assessed using the daily equivalent static compression dose (Sed). Design Expert, a statistical programme that combines Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal Array Method, is used to determine the experimental runs with different parameters such as varying the tractor speed in RPM (700, 1000 & 1300), driver posture (Lean forward without backrest-P1, vertical erect without backrest-P2, vertical erect with backrest-P3), selected road conditions (village road, brick road and farm road). Analysis of the overall influence of riding conditions among all the experiments was done by calculating signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. A regression model has been developed to analyze the Sed response and the desirability technique was used to minimize the Sed response. The daily dose of static compression on lumber spine was found between 0.35 and 0.67 MPa, which comes within the category of “moderate adverse health effect” as defined by ISO2631-5: 2004. Statistically, the RPM and Road type conditions were found highly significant with the percentage contribution is 77% and 21% respectively. As comfort is crucial for the tractor driver. The Sed values can be used for tractor seat design for more comfort. The approach is novel as per the Indian context for the tractor driver’s comfort. The methods of work-study and sampling in a larger context are well established.
Improving Environmental and Cultural Carrying Capacity to Sustainably Develop Soge Beach in Pacitan Regency Indonesia

This research aimed to (1) determine the environmental carrying capacity of Soge Beach tourism, (2) determine the cultural carrying capacity of Soge Beach tourism, and (3) develop a sustainable strategy of Soge Beach tourism. The research design used descriptive research and mix method analysis (quantitative and qualitative). Data involved primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with tourism management, tourists, entrepreneurs in Soge Beach and the surrounding area. Secondary data came from the statistical data of the Pacitan Regency government. Data analysis employed qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data analysis also used SWOT to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Soge Beach’s development. Research results showed high potential of environmental and cultural carrying capacity for sustainable Soge Beach development. Development strategies referred to SWOT analysis to reduce weaknesses by increasing cultural and environmental carrying capacity and improving existing opportunities.
The relationship between electrophysiological measures of the electrically evoked compound action potential and cochlear implant speech perception outcomes

Objective: This study assessed the relationship between electrophysiological measures of the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) and speech perception scores measured in quiet and in noise in post-lingually deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) users. It tested the hypothesis that how well the auditory nerve (AN) responds to electrical stimulation is important for speech perception with a CI in challenging listening conditions. Design: Study participants included 24 post-lingually deafened adult CI users. All participants used Cochlear Nucleus CIs in their test ears. In each participant, eCAPs were measured at multiple electrode locations in response to single-pulse, paired-pulse, and pulse-train stimuli. Independent variables included six parameters calculated from the eCAP recordings: the electrode-neuron interface (ENI) index, the neural adaptation (NA) ratio, NA speed, the adaptation recovery (AR) ratio, AR speed, and the amplitude modulation (AM) ratio. The ENI index quantified the effectiveness of the CI electrodes in stimulating the targeted AN fibers. The NA ratio indicated the amount of NA at the AN caused by a train of constant-amplitude pulses. NA speed was defined as the speed/rate of NA. The AR ratio estimated the amount of recovery from NA at a fixed time point after the cessation of pulse-train stimulation. AR speed referred to the speed of recovery from NA caused by previous pulse-train stimulation. The AM ratio provided a measure of AN sensitivity to AM cues. Participants' speech perception scores were measured using Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word lists and AzBio sentences presented in quiet, as well as in noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of +10 and +5 dB. Predictive models were created for each speech measure to identify eCAP parameters with meaningful predictive power. Results: The ENI index and AR speed had significant bivariate relationships with speech perception scores measured in this study, while the NA ratio, NA speed, the AR ratio, and the AM ratio did not. The ENI index was identified as the only eCAP parameter that had unique predictive power for each of the speech test results. The amount of variance in speech perception scores (both CNC words and AzBio sentences) explained by the eCAP parameters increased with increased difficulty in the listening condition. Over half of the variance in speech perception scores measured in +5 dB SNR noise (both CNC words and AzBio sentences) was explained by a model with only three eCAP parameters: the ENI index, NA speed, and AR speed. Conclusions: The ENI index is the most informative predictor for speech perception performance in CI users. The response characteristics of the AN to electrical stimulation is more important for speech perception with a CI in noise than it is in quiet.
Semiclassical wormholes

Smooth-throat wormholes are treated on as possessing quantum fluctuation energy with scalar massive field as its source. Heat kernel coefficients of the Laplace operator are calculated in background of the arbitrary-profile throat wormhole with the help of the zeta-function approach. Two specific profile are considered. Some arguments are given that the wormholes may exist. It serves as a solution of semiclassical Einstein equations in the range of specific values of length and certain radius of wormhole's throat and constant of non-minimal connection.
Experimental demonstration of a measurement-based realisation of a quantum channel

We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method for realising a quantum channel using the measurement-based model. Using a photonic setup and modifying the basis of single-qubit measurements on a four-qubit entangled cluster state, representative channels are realised for the case of a single qubit in the form of amplitude and phase damping channels. The experimental results match the theoretical model well, demonstrating the successful performance of the channels. We also show how other types of quantum channels can be realised using our approach. This work highlights the potential of the measurement-based model for realising quantum channels which may serve as building blocks for simulations of realistic open quantum systems.
ROS-Generating Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Conjugated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Cancer-Targeting Sustained Release Carrier of Doxorubicin

Purpose Site-specific drug delivery systems can contribute to the development and execution of effective cancer treatment. Due to its favorable features (including high biocompatibility, high hydrophilicity and ease of functionalization), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely adopted to design drug carriers. Generating carriers for delivery of hydrophobic anticancer agents, however, is still a challenge in carrier design. Methods In the first step, PEG is functionalized with dialdehyde to generate PEG-(CHO)2 using EDC/NHS chemistry. In the second step, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are functionalized with amino groups to generate Fe3O4-NH2. In the third step, PEG-(CHO)2, Fe3O4-NH2 and doxorubicin (DOX) react in an acidic environment to yield a drug conjugate (PEGDA-MN-DOX), which is subsequently characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, SEM, TEM, DLS, TGA, and DSC. Results The chemical functionalities of the drug conjugate are confirmed by FTIR, H-NMRand XRD analysis.The release pattern of PEGDA-MN-DOX is investigated at 25 and 37 °C at different pH values. The results indicate that the developed drug conjugate cannot only behave as a sustained-release carrier, but can also generate a significant level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a high level of toxicity against MCF-7 cells while still showing excellent biocompatibility in 3T3 cells. Conclusion The reported conjugate shows anticancer potential, cancer-targeting ability, and ROS-generating capacity for effective drug encapsulation and sustained release in chemotherapy.
Electron-hole asymmetry and quantum critical point in hole-doped BaFe2As2

We show, from first-principles calculations, that the hole-doped side of Fe-As–based compounds is different from its electron-doped counterparts. The electron side is characterized as an itinerant metal with Fermi surface nesting, and SDW-to-NM quantum critical point (QCP) is realized by doping. For the hole-doped side, on the other hand, orbital-selective magnetic ordering develops together with checkboard anti-ferromagnetic (AF) ordering without lattice distortion. A unique SDW-to-AF QCP is achieved, and the J2=J1/2 criterion (in the approximate J1&J2 model) is satisfied at a hole-doping level of about x=0.7. The observed superconductivity is located in the vicinity of QCP for both sides.
GALAXY MERGERS AND THE MASS–METALLICITY RELATION: EVIDENCE FOR NUCLEAR METAL DILUTION AND FLATTENED GRADIENTS FROM NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

Recent results comparing interacting galaxies to the mass–metallicity relation show that their nuclear oxygen abundances are unexpectedly low. We present analysis of N-body/smoothed-particle hydrodynamics numerical simulations of equal-mass mergers that confirm the hypothesis that these underabundances are accounted for by radial inflow of low-metallicity gas from the outskirts of the two merging galaxies. The underabundances arise between first and second pericenters, and the simulated abundance dilution is in good agreement with observations. The simulations further predict that the radial metallicity gradients of the disk galaxies flatten shortly after first passage, due to radial mixing of gas. These predictions will be tested by future observations of the radial metallicity distributions in interacting galaxies.
Study on the Pakistan stock market using a new stock crisis prediction method

A Stock market collapse occurs when stock prices drop by more than 10% across all main indexes. Predicting a stock market crisis is difficult because of the increased volatility in the stock market. Stock price drops can be triggered by a variety of factors, including corporate results, geopolitical tensions, financial crises, and pandemic events. For scholars and investors, predicting a crisis is a difficult endeavor. We developed a model for the prediction of stock crisis using Hybridized Feature Selection (HFS) approach. Firstly, we went for the suggestion of the HFS method for the removal of stock’s unnecessary financial attributes. The Naïve Bayes approach, on the other hand, is used for the classification of strong fundamental stocks. In the third step, Stochastic Relative Strength Index (StochRSI) is employed to identify a stock price bubble. In the fourth step, we identified the stock market crisis point in stock prices through moving average statistics. The fifth is the prediction of stock crises by using deep learning algorithms such as Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM). Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are implemented for assessing the performance of the models. The HFS-based GRU technique outperformed the HFS-based LSTM method to anticipate the stock crisis. To complete the task, the experiments used Pakistan datasets. The researchers can look at additional technical factors to forecast when a crisis would occur in the future. With a new optimizer, the GRU approach may be improved and fine-tuned even more.
Management of Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Perspective

Abstract Patients with thyroid cancer (TC) usually have an excellent prognosis; however, 5–10% of them develop an advanced disease. The prognosis of this subgroup is still favourable if the lesions respond to radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Nearly two-thirds of advanced TC patients become RAI-refractory (RAI-R), and their management is challenging. A multidisciplinary approach in the context of a tumour board is essential to define a personalized strategy. Systemic therapy is not always the best option. In case of slow neoplastic growth and low tumour burden, active surveillance may represent a valuable choice. Local approaches might be considered if the disease progression is limited to a single or few lesions, also in combination and during systemic therapy. Antiresorptive treatment may be started in presence of bone metastases. In case of rapid and/or symptomatic progression involving multiple lesions and/or organs, systemic therapy has to be considered, in absence of contraindications. The multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) lenvatinib and sorafenib are currently available as first-line treatment for advanced progressive RAI-R TC. Among second-line options, cabozantinib has been recently approved in RAI-R TC who progressed during MKIs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). In the last few years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays have been increasingly employed, permitting identification of the genetic alterations harboured by TC, with a significant impact on patients’ management. Novel selective targeted therapies have been introduced for the treatment of RAI-R TC in selected cases: REarranged during Transfection (RET) inhibitors (selpercatinib and pralsetinib) and Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (TRK) inhibitors (larotrectinib and entrectinib) have recently expanded the panorama of the therapeutic options. Moreover, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results, and they are still under investigation.