Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Flexible and Secure Cryptographic Technique for Multidimensional Image Based on Graph Data Structure and Three-Input Majority Gate

The emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has greatly improved the efficiency of manufacturing, but it also faces significant security challenges during the operational phase. In this work, a chaos-based image cryptosystem is investigated for IIoT based on graph data structure (GDS) and three-input majority gate (TIMG) to meet the increasing demand for flexible and secure image processing. Some internal relationships between graph and image are first constructed through a flexible adjacency matrix and then the GDS is generalized for image operation to address security defects in classical diffusion structure in image cryptosystem, such as sequential diffusion path and fixed pattern diffusion operators. Technically, a nonsequential diffusion path is established by breadth-first-search traversing the vertices between interblock and intrablock. Then, a multifunctional calculator is designed for a typical diffusive nonlinear primitive based on the logical operator relation of TIMG. In addition, a class discrete maps with fractional-order is provided to enhance the flexibility of multitype key stream selection. Experimental results and analysis for the gray, color, and 3-D images fully demonstrate that a flexible and superior security cryptosystem can be implemented from GDS and TLMG techniques.
Aplicación de DInSAR a los estudios de subsidencia en el Valle de Mexicali

Es bien conocido que la extraccion en los campos geotermicos esta frecuentemente acompanada por subsidencia, que alcanza docenas de centimetros por ano. La subsidencia causada por la extraccion de fluidos geotermales en el campo geotermico Cerro Prieto, localizado en el Valle de Mexicali, alcanza una tasa de 18cm/ano y afecta la infraestructura de carreteras, vias de tren, canales de irrigacion y terrenos de los poblados y campos agricolas. Se usaron datos de Interferometria Diferencial de Radar de Apertura Sintetica (DInSAR, por sus siglas en ingles) y se compararon con datos historicos de nivelacion de precision, observaciones continuas de instrumentos geotecnicos instalados en la zona y resultados de reconocimiento geotectonico del area de estudio para definir la zona, fronteras y tasa de subsidencia. El resultado del estudio permite distinguir que el area de subsidencia esta limitada por las fallas: Imperial, Cerro Prieto, Saltillo y Morelia, zona conocida tambien como cuenca Cerro Prieto, siendo una zona de subsidencia mas grande que el area del campo geotermico Cerro Prieto. La comparacion de las tasas de subsidencia obtenidas para 1994-1997 por nivelacion y para 2006-2007 por el metodo de DInSAR permite determinar la dinamica del proceso de subsidencia en el area de estudio y relacionarla con los cambios en extraccion de fluido en el campo geotermico Cerro Prieto.
Euclidean and fractal models for the description of rock surface roughness

Accurate description of the topography of rock surfaces is essential because surface roughness affects frictional strength, the flow of fluids in joints and fractures, the seismic behavior of faults, and the formation of gouge and breccia in fault zones. Real rock surfaces can be described using self-similar and self-affine fractal models of surface roughness. If a surface is self-similar, a small portion of the surface, when magnified isotropically, will appear statistically identical to the entire surface. If a surface is self-affine, a magnified portion of the surface will only appear statistically identical to the entire surface if different magnifications are used for the directions parallel and perpendicular to the surface. At least two parameters are required to describe a fractal model; one parameter typically describes how roughness changes with scale, while the other specifies the variance or surface slope at a reference scale. The divider method and the spectral method are in common use to determine the best fit fractal model from surface profile data. Power spectra from self-similar surfaces have slopes of −3 on log-log plots of power spectral density versus spatial frequency, while spectra from self-affine surfaces have slopes other than −3. Power spectra can be interpreted with greater facility if dimensionless amplitude to wavelength ratios are contoured on plots of power spectral density versus frequency. The topography of many natural rock surfaces, including both fractures and faults, is approximately self-similar within the 6.5 order of magnitude wide wavelength band of 10 μm to 40 m. Within smaller wavelength bands, natural rock surfaces may exhibit self-affine behavior.
Crustal structure of the Grenville front and adjacent terranes

Under the auspices of the Great Lakes International Multidisciplinary Program on Crustal Evolution, approximately 320 km of deep seismic reflection data were collected in Lake Huron along a profile that extends east from the Manitoulin terrane across the Grenville front to the interior of the Grenville orogen. The Manitoulin terrane is characterized by a series of gently east-dipping reflections at about 20 km depth that separate a highly reflective lower crustal layer from a markedly less reflective upper layer. Imaged by strong reflections at the western end of a spectacular band of moderately east-dipping reflections, the Grenville front clearly truncates Manitoulin terrane structures to the west. These data are interpreted in terms of a speculative two-stage model involving (1) creation of a major decollement during northward collision of an allochthonous terrane with the southern Superior cratonic margin (1.83-1.89 Ga; Penokean orogeny) and (2) northwest-directed stacking of microterranes at the southeastern margin of the craton, followed by crust-penetrating ductile imbrication under high-pressure-high-temperature conditions leading to the ramping of deeply buried rocks to the near surface (1.0-1.3 Ga; Grenvillian orogeny).
Exploration of Network Security Professional Classroom in Higher Vocational Colleges in the Era of Big Data

: With the rapid development of information technology, big data has gradually penetrated into all walks of life, and has had a profound impact on various fields. As higher vocational colleges, the classroom education of network security majors should also keep pace with the times and explore how to better cultivate network security talents in the era of big data. This paper mainly applies the factor analysis method to obtain the important index of network security classroom evaluation, and uses the questionnaire survey method to collect the student satisfaction data. According to the experimental and survey data, 88% of the students are satisfied with the environment of the training room. As to whether the course is combined with the reality, 68% of the students expressed satisfaction and high degree of union, and 30% thought it was general. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore this major.
Whitings, a sedimentologic dilemma

Whitings, drifting clouds of water, milky because of suspended carbonate, have been claimed to originate from either the action of bottom-feeding fish or direct precipitation of calcium carbonate. Five cruises during different seasons were made to the Great Bahama Bank to collect data pertinent to the controversy. Measurements of particulate concentrations average 10 mg/liter with a maximum of 20 mg/liter of carbonate sediment suspended in whiting water, compared with an average of 1.5 mg/liter for clear water outside the whitings. The particles are dominantly acicular aragonite, but Mg calcite composes as much as 20 percent of some whitings. Sedimentation rates, measured with fixed and drifting sediment traps, were as great as 34 g/m 2 /hr. Sediment suspended in whitings aggregated into silt- and sand-size fioccules and settled to the bottom of settling tanks within six hours, even on a rocking ship. Sediment in artificial whitings, created by stirring sediment from the bottom with a shrimp trawl, settled to the bottom in about the same time. Natural whitings, on the other hand, were never observed to dissipate. Because sedimentation from whitings occurs at rates sufficient to cause dissipation of the whitings within six hours, we conclude that the natural whitings are continually replenished by direct precipitation. The search for fish in whitings utilized sidescan sonar and fathometer imaging, shrimp trawls, rotenone, remote video, and direct scuba observation. These methods and 25 years of casual observations leading to this study indicate that fish are not involved in the formation of most Bahamian whitings. Several whitings were found over rocky or sandy bottoms where there was no mud available for fish to suspend. The distance of these whitings from areas of muddy bottom precluded their having been made elsewhere by fish. Stable carbon- and oxygen-isotopic analyses and Delta 14 C activity are interpreted to indicate that the suspended sediment in whitings contains some precipitated calcium carbonate and is not merely bottom sediment stirred into suspension. Estimates indicate that the amount of new carbonate produced in whitings on the Great Bahama Bank is substantially higher than that arising from algal production. Consequently, the amount of sediment transported to deep water may be much greater than previously thought.
IoT Motion Tracking System for Workout Performance Evaluation: A Case Study on Dumbbell

An intelligent sports training system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed to build a low-cost, easy-to-use home exercise guidance solution, which can provide reliable exercise guidance when gymnasiums are inaccessible for users. The proposed intelligent system includes an inertial measurement microelectromechanical system with Bluetooth low-energy data transmission technology, a smart dumbbell with an acceleration sensor, an application on the smartphone terminal, and a computing central server in the clouds. Two-loop Kalman filters, dynamic motion segmentation method, and neural network are developed to demonstrate and evaluate the user’s dumbbell exercise modes. Six dumbbell exercise postures and 10 exercise cycles for eight participants are collected for system validation in the experimental study. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively and accurately segment multiple types of dumbbell movements (98.9% accuracy), recognize movements with high reliability (98.3% accuracy), and distinguish standard and non-standard movements (89% accuracy). Finally, this system with an intelligent algorithm software and hardware can be expanded to other similar types of sporting excises.
Leveraging the Value of Multi-azimuth (MAZ) Seismic through MAZ-stack

The growing demand for energy requires that the search for hydrocarbons must extend into more challenging settings and become more reliant on technology, exposing the limitations of conventional 3D marine seismic. This decade has seen a major response to these challenges in the marine setting, in the form of Wide Azimuth seismic acquisition, like Multi-Azimuth, Wide Azimuth Towed Streamer, Nodes and OBC. These methods illuminate the sub-surface more completely, and sample problematic 3D noise across azimuth as well as offset for better attenuation during stack. These surveys are much more expensive to acquire and process, so it is thus important to lever all the value from the data. This paper discusses two seismic processing options to lever additional value from MAZ data. The first, MAZ-Stack, has been developed to weight up signal in areas of poor illumination, in other words, to favour strong signal over weak/absent signal. This approach has the effect of reducing fold and so decreases random noise suppression. The second technique, 3D warping, extends an existing method to align sub-surface seismic volumes, and so minimize registration errors between the azimuth stacks which result from imperfect knowledge of the sub-surface velocity field.
Medical and social factors influencing the utilization of healthcare services among older adults in Israel during the COVID-19 lockdown

Background The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted older adults. However, most older communities focused on the medical issues. The aims of this study were to identify the medical and social factors linked with the usage of medical services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. Methods The study was conducted Over two periods of time from February to April in 2019 (P1), before the COVID-19 and from February to April in 2020 (P2), during the first lockdown. The study was conducted on people aged 65 and older in Israel. The variable statistics were analyzed using frequency tabulation, cross-tabulation frequencies, and t-tests. Two hierarchical logistic regressions were conducted over four steps for each period. Results The participants (n = 102,303) comprised 64.5% female (65,946) and 35.5% male (36,357) (mean age 80.5, SD- 7.46). It was found that participants who had not subscribed to the supportive community services were 7.47 times more likely to access medical services in P1 and 12.417 times more likely to access medical services during the lockdown. This variable was also found to be a strong predictor in the final model. The most significant variable for predicting the participants’ needs during P2 was their previous needs in P1. Other social variables were living in assisted living home and living in community settlements. The presence of 12 diseases in this study did not predict service demand. Conclusion Community support reduces medical service demands during disasters and provides services for older adults. During pandemics, however, social services need to be expanded and made more easily accessible to older adults.
Nature and Art

So far as our present knowledge goes, the so-called Permian rocks of Anglesey, Denbighshire, Lebotwood, Shrewsbury, Coalbrookdale, Wyre Forest, South Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Leicestershire, and North Staffordshire are all essentially similar; and observers are urged to look out for Coal-seams, plant-remains, and Spirorbislimestones. [The next Meeting of the Society will be held on Wednesday, November 6th, 1895. ]
A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity

Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.
Convective Heat Transfer of Radiating Magneto-Micropolar Nanofluid Flow

This work presents an in-depth examination of heat and mass transfer phenomena in a radiative and chemically reactive magneto-micropolar nanofluid flow under the influence of convective boundary conditions. The governing equations of the model, represented in their non-linear form via Falkner and Skan transformations, are scrutinized using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Validation with existing literature corroborates the precision of the proposed model. Analyses of the results elucidate the impacts of various parameters on the temperature, species concentration, micro-rotation, and velocity characteristics of the system. Notably, an enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the magneto-micropolar nanofluid is observed in correlation with an increased nanoparticles volume fraction. A positive relationship is discerned between the temperature and the parameters for radiation and convective boundary conditions. Furthermore, a decrement in the Schmidt number is associated with an accelerated diffusion rate. The findings derived from this study hold substantial implications for practical applications in diverse fields such as heat and cooling systems, enhanced oil recovery, thermal management in electronics, material processing, and nanofluidics. This research thus contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering an intricate understanding of the behavior and manipulation of magneto-micropolar nanofluid flow.
The geophysical investigation of lake water seepage in the regulated environment of the Bosherston Lily Ponds, South Wales, UK. Part 1: natural, fracture‐related pathways

The detection, characterization and assessment of water loss through hydrological pathways is an important aspect of civil, hydrological and environmental engineering. At any site, variations in the form and hydrological integrity of both natural and man-made features can play a critical role in fluid transportation through the presence of enhanced hydraulic conductivity. Traditional hydrological and invasive engineering investigation methods are often unsuitable for ecologically sensitive environments and in this paper, we report the results of a non-invasive hydro-geophysical study at the Bosheston Lily Ponds in Pembroke, South Wales, UK, an area classified a Special Area of Conservation (SAC). For over 30 years, the lake system has experienced unexplained water loss and the geophysical surveys focused on identifying hydraulic conduits/pathways in the underlying carboniferous limestone and assessing the integrity of the man-made dam structure at the outlet of the lake system. The site is managed under tight regulatory regime that limits the scope and extent of any hydrological/geophysical investigations. The main objectives were to determine whether bedrock fracturing is promoting natural water loss and, more pertinently, if structural failures in the modern (and original) dam structures were responsible for significant loss of water at the outlet of the lakes. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) surveys were collected at targeted sites and the information gained used to ascertain the nature of the observed/predicted lake water loss. The results show that both the modern and original dam appear to be intact, structurally sound and show no evidence for significant water flow through its structures. Instead, localized zones of natural, high-density fracturing in the limestone bedrock appear to be the predominant cause of lake water loss.
Thawing sub‐arctic permafrost: Effects on vegetation and methane emissions

Ecosystems along the 0°C mean annual isotherm are arguably among the most sensitive to changing climate and mires in these regions emit significant amounts of the important greenhouse gas methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. These CH4 emissions are intimately related to temperature and hydrology, and alterations in permafrost coverage, which affect both of those, could have dramatic impacts on the emissions. Using a variety of data and information sources from the same region in subarctic Sweden we show that mire ecosystems are subject to dramatic recent changes in the distribution of permafrost and vegetation. These changes are most likely caused by a warming, which has been observed during recent decades. A detailed study of one mire show that the permafrost and vegetation changes have been associated with increases in landscape scale CH4 emissions in the range of 22–66% over the period 1970 to 2000.
Seismicity of Central Tibet from Project INDEPTH III Seismic Recordings

As part of Project International Deep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya III, a 400-km-long, densely spaced array of 57 broadband and short-period seismic stations was deployed in central Tibet from August 1998 through May 1999. Although originally designed to image the lithosphere with teleseismic events, the array also recorded numerous local and regional seismic events. More than 900 local and regional events were detected on at least 10 stations during the 1-year deployment, and we were able to locate 267 local earthquakes. A substantial number of the events were found to cluster in or near large grabens and along known strike-slip faults, while other events show no obvious correlation with known structures. In addition to spatial clustering, at least one of the large clusters also exhibits temporal clustering that may be associated with magmatic or geothermal activity in the upper crust. The average V p and V s are estimated to be 5.85 and 3.35 km/sec for the upper crust and 7.0 and 3.9 km/sec for the lower crust, respectively. The 50 focal mechanisms computed from this set of events are consistent with north–south shortening and east–west extension; there are no clear indications of significant local perturbations in the regional stress field induced by the collision between India and Eurasia. The majority of the focal mechanisms indicate normal and strike-slip faulting. At least six of the newly computed focal mechanisms, however, indicate thrust faulting, which is a phenomenon not well documented previously. Ninety-nine percent of the local earthquakes have focal depths shallower than 25 km, and the locations of the few deeper events are poorly constrained. The shallow earthquake focal depths are consistent with high temperatures and proposed ductile or aseismic behavior in the middle to lower crust of central Tibet. [Figure 6. ][1] Figure 6. (a) Earthquake locations computed from this study shown on shaded topographic data. Triangles are INDEPTH III seismic stations. Circles are events and are scaled by magnitude. (! [Graphic][2] A color version of this figure is available online at the SSA Web site.) (b) Earthquake locations shown with major geologic structures from Taylor et al. ([2003][3]), reproduced with permission (M. H. Taylor, personal comm., 2002). Triangles are INDEPTH III seismic stations. Geologic structures are as in [Figure 2][4]. [1]: pending:yes [2]: F1/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [3]: #ref-46 [4]: #F3
SOME CHALLENGES TO FINANCIAL STABILITY DURING THE ECONOMIC DOWNTURN

Financial stability issues, arising during the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, have affected the problems of financial market instability: interest rates of commercial banks started to rise, inflation increased, affecting consumer solvency issues, the need for bank financing and investment opportunities decreased, part of the staff was lost, labour supply decreased, productivity declined due to emerging economic stabilisation problems. Financial stability cannot be achieved without effective operation of the financial system, which is explored in this article, based on the evaluation models of financial stability. These models illustrate the integral relationship between the impact of individual factors and the effects on the interest rates of commercial institutions, the impact of interest rates on household financing, and the assessment of the interaction between interest rates and inflation. The assessment of financial stability takes into account the performance, liquidity, solvency, and evaluation of adverse conditions of banks as financial institutions.