Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade-off synergy of ecosystem service value in Urumqi City based on PLUS model

: Land use/cover change will interfere with the stable supply capacity of ecosystems, which in turn poses a threat to ecosystem services and sustainable development. Taking Urumqi City of Xinjiang, China, as the study area, this study simulates land use changes in Urumqi City under multiple scenarios in 2030 based on the patch- generating land use simulation (PLUS) model and combines the equivalent factor method and spatial autocorrelation analysis to estimate and project the ecosystem service value (ESV) and its trade-off synergy for 1990 — 2030 in Urumqi City. The results are as follows: (1) Land use in Urumqi City shows a trend of “ two increases and four decreases ” from 1990 to 2020. In the integrated development scenario, the area of built-up land increases, while the area of ecological land is also on the rise; in the key development scenario, the expansion of urban built-up land is the most drastic, and the area of arable land is severely degraded. (2) From 1990 to 2020, the trend of ESV in Urumqi City has a “ V ” shape. In 2030, ESV increases under the ecological protection scenario and the comprehensive development scenario and decreases under the inertia development scenario and the key development scenario. (3) Under the four development scenarios in 2030, the synergistic relationships among various ecosystem services in Urumqi City are primarily synergistic, with “ high-high ” and “ low-low ” synergistic aggregation areas coinciding highly with the distribution of high and low ESV values, and trade-off relationships sporadically distributed in local areas. These findings may serve as a basis for distributing ESVs in Urumqi City and can also provide scientific reference for the spatial planning of Urumqi City and the construction of ecological security patterns.
Adaptive Density Flattening--A Metric Distortion Principle for Combating Bias in Nearest Neighbor Methods

With a wide variety of approaches to density estimation, it is profitable to perturb the data so as to make 2nd order derivatives of their density vanish. An adaptive transformation to local uniformity for instance will (for unchanged variance) lower bias to a vanishing fraction of what a Rosenblatt-Parzen or nearest neighbor estimator on the raw data yields; fractional pilot sampling, a common technical device of little practical appeal, can be shown by an embedding argument to be dispensable. An upshot is that MSE can be lowered by attacking the variance directly through extra smoothing, without the usual penalty from inflated bias.
Formationkeeping for a Pair of Satellites in a Circular Orbit

Certain future missions will require that a pair of satellites—ma ster and slave—fly in a fixed relative formation. Active control is required to maintain this formation in spite of disturbances such as aerodynamic drag and solar radiation pressure. This paper develops a closed-loop formationkeeping controller for satellites in any circular orbit using digital optimal control theory. A formationkeepi ng sensor concept, tradeoffs, design, brassboard demonstration, and modeling are discussed. The formationkeeping actuators are assumed to be chemical thrusters on the slave satellite. Two satellites flying in trail 700 m apart in geosynchronou s orbit are used as an example to present closed-loop formationkeeping simulation plots. The results show that formation is maintained to within the ±21 m allocated requirement in the in-track and out-of-plane directions.
Econometric inference in models with nonstationary time series

We investigate the finite sample behaviour of the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator in vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The data generating process is assumed to be a purely nonstationary first-order VAR. Using Monte Carlo simulation and numerical optimization we derive response surfaces for OLS bias and variance in terms of VAR dimensions both under correct model specification and under several types of over-parameterization: we include a constant, a constant and trend, and introduce excess autoregressive lags. Correction factors are introduced that minimise the mean squared error (MSE) of the OLS estimator. Our analysis improves and extends one of the main finite-sample multivariate analytical bias results of Abadir, Hadri and Tzavalis (1999), generalises the univariate variance and MSE results of Abadir (1995) to a multivariate setting, and complements various asymptotic studies. The distribution of unit root test statistics generally contains nuisance parameters that correspond to the correlation structure of the innovation errors. The presence of such nuisance parameters can lead to serious size distortions. To address this issue, we adopt an approach based on the characterization of the class of asymptotically similar critical regions for the unit root hypothesis and the application of two new optimality criteria for the choice of a test within this class. The correlation structure of the innovation sequence takes the form of a moving average process, the order of which is determined by an appropriate information criterion. Limit distribution theory for the resulting test statistics is developed and simulation evidence suggests that our statistics have substantially reduced size while retaining good power properties. Stock return predictability is a fundamental issue in asset pricing. The conclusions of empirical analyses on the existence of stock return predictability vary according to the time series properties of the economic variables considered as potential predictors. Given the uncertainty about the degree of persistence of these variables, it is important to operate in the most general possible modelling framework. This possibility is provided by the IVX methodology developed by Phillips and Magdalinos (2009) in the context of cointegrated systems with no deterministic components. This method is modified in order to apply to multivariate systems of predictive regressions with an intercept in the model. The resulting modified IVX approach yields chi-squared inference for general linear restrictions on the regression coefficients that is robust to the degree of persistence of the predictor variables. In addition to extending the class of generating mechanisms for predictive regression, the approach extends the range of testable hypotheses, assessing the combined effects of different explanatory variables to stock returns rather than the individual effect of each explanatory variable.
Strain-driven phase transitions and associated dielectric/piezoelectric anomalies in BiFeO3 thin films

Strain-driven phase transitions and related intrinsic polarization, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties for single-domain films were studied for BiFeO3 using phenomenological Landau–Devonshire theory. A stable and mixed structure between tetragonal and rhombohedral-like (monoclinic) phases is predicted at a compressive misfit strain of um=−0.0382 without an energy barrier. For a tensile misfit strain of um=0.0272, another phase transition between the monoclinic and orthorhombic phases was predicted with sharply high dielectric and piezoelectric responses.
A rare case of intra-articular synovial sarcoma of the hip joint: a case report with intra-articular findings via hip arthroscopy

Abstract Although synovial sarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma, primary intra-articular cases are extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of primary intra-articular synovial sarcoma arising from the hip joint, that was initially treated with hip arthroscopy. A 42-year-old male presented with a history of pain in the left hip for 7 years. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the primary intra-articular lesion and simple excision with an arthroscopy was performed. Histological findings revealed spindle cell proliferation with abundant psammoma bodies. SS18 gene rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the tumor was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed. Local control without metastasis was achieved 6 months after excision. This is the first case of intra-articular synovial sarcoma of the hip joint excised via hip arthroscopy. When an intra-articular lesion is identified, malignancies such as synovial sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Triangular factorization of inverse data covariance matrices

A novel Cholesky factorization of the inverse covariance matrix is described which can be performed with fully parallel matrix-vector operations, instead of more costly back substitutions. This factorization reformulates the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury matrix inverse identity as a downdating problem. Givens rotations provide triangularized factors of the inverse data covariance matrix, and the final adaptive solution is obtained after two triangular matrix-vector products. This novel factorization algorithm operates in the voltage (or square root) domain to maintain the numerical robustness of earlier factorization techniques. Simulation results show that this algorithm is highly stable and can yield more accurate results at lower processor precision. <<ETX>>
The pulsation index, effective temperature, and thickness of the hydrogen layer in the pulsating DA white dwarf G117-B15A

We have measured the amplitude of the 215 s pulsation of the pulsating DA white dwarf, or ZZ Ceti star, G117-B15A in six passbands with effective wavelengths from 1570 to 6730 A. We find that the index of the pulsation is l = 1 with a high degree of confidence, the first unambiguous determination of l for a pulsation of a ZZ Ceti star. We also find that log g and T(sub eff) are tightly correlated for model atmospheres that fit the data, such that at log g = 7.5 the temperature is 11,750 K and at log g = 8.0 the temperature is 12,375 K. Adopting log g = 7.97 +/- 0.06 from published observations of the optical spectrum of G117-B15A, the correlation yields T(sub eff) = 12,375 +/- 125 K. This temperature is free of flux calibration errors and should be substantially more reliable than temperatures derived for IUE spectra. Since G117-B15A is thought to lie close to the blue edge of the ZZ Ceti instability strip, this low temperature also implies a low temperature for the blue edge. Using pulsation models calculated by Fontaine et al. (1992) and Bradley (1994), we find that the mass of the hydrogen layer in G117-B15A lies between 1.0 x 10(exp -6) solar mass (for k = 1) and 8 x 10(exp -5) solar mass (for k = 2). This range of masses is (barely) consistent with the masses predicted by recent models for the ejection of planetary nebulae, (8-13) x 10(exp -5) solar mass. The mass is too large to be consistent with models invoking thin hydrogen layers to explain the spectral evolution of white dwarfs.
An Evaluation and Intercomparison of Global Analyses from the National Meteorological Center and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts

In order to help establish a global climate record data sets of global analyses from the U.S. National Meteorological Center (NMC) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) have been comprehensively evaluated. A detailed chronology of the changes in the analysis-forecast system at NMC and ECMWF has been compiled and the main impacts on the analyses have been identified. Discontinuities have been found in certain characteristics of the analyses when major changes occur. The main quantities so affected are the divergent wind component and associated vertical motion fields, and the moisture fields. A detailed intercomparison of the two data sets and statistical results show fairly widespread agreement between the analyses from the two centers over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. In general, the quality of the analyses is much lower in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. This is reflected in much greater differences in wind fields south of 20°N, with root-mean-square difference.
Loss of CpFTSY Reduces Photosynthetic Performance and Affects Insertion of PsaC of PSI in Diatoms

Abstract The chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) receptor (CpFTSY) is a component of the CpSRP pathway that post-translationally targets light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCPs) to the thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae containing chloroplasts derived from primary endosymbiosis. In plants, CpFTSY also plays a major role in the co-translational incorporation of chloroplast-encoded subunits of photosynthetic complexes into the thylakoids. This role has not been demonstrated in green algae. So far, its function in organisms with chloroplasts derived from secondary endosymbiotic events has not been elucidated. Here, we report the generation and characterization of mutants lacking CpFTSY in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We found that this protein is not involved in inserting LHCPs into thylakoid membranes, indicating that the post-translational part of the CpSRP pathway is not active in this group of microalgae. The lack of CpFTSY caused an increased level of photoprotection, low electron transport rates, inefficient repair of photosystem II (PSII), reduced growth, a strong decline in the PSI subunit PsaC and upregulation of proteins that might compensate for a non-functional co-translational CpSRP pathway during light stress conditions. The phenotype was highly similar to the one described for diatoms lacking another component of the co-translational CpSRP pathway, the CpSRP54 protein. However, in contrast to cpsrp54 mutants, only one thylakoid membrane protein, PetD of the Cytb6f complex, was downregulated in cpftsy. Our results point to a minor role for CpFTSY in the co-translational CpSRP pathway, suggesting that other mechanisms may partially compensate for the effect of a disrupted CpSRP pathway.
One-carbon metabolism and related pathways in ruminal and small intestinal epithelium of lactating dairy cows.

Physiological and environmental stresses such as the transition into lactation and heat load contribute to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dysfunction. The nonruminant gastrointestinal tract has mechanisms to cope with prooxidant and proinflammatory stressors arising from the gut lumen or within intestinal cells. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) contributes to antioxidant capacity via the production of glutathione (GSH) and taurine, and the synthesis of phospholipid, creatine, and the osmolyte glycinebetaine among others. A multipronged approach was used to assess the biological relevance of OCM and closely-related pathways on GIT function in dairy cows. Ruminal papillae (Rum) and scrapings from duodenum (Duo), jejunum (Jej), and ileum (Ile) were collected at slaughter from 8 multiparous Holstein cows averaging 128 ± 12 d in milk and producing 39 ± 5 kg·d -1. A MIXED model ANOVA with preplanned orthogonal contrasts was used for statistical analysis. Methionine adenosyl transferase 1 activity (MAT) was ~10-fold greater (P < 0.01) and cystathionine β-synthase activity doubled in Rum vs. small intestine. Total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was greatest (P = 0.03) in Ile, but similar to Rum. Activity and mRNA abundance of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase were undetectable. There was a 2.5-fold greater protein abundance of GPX1 (P < 0.01) and a ~2-fold greater abundance of GPX3 (P < 0.01) in Rum vs. small intestine. Among the various amino acids (AA) with roles in OCM or closely-related pathways (e.g. creatine synthesis), concentrations of arginine, aspartate, glutamine, methionine, and serine were lower (P < 0.01) in Rum vs. small intestine. Unlike AA, concentrations of OCM-related intermediates S-5'-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH), glycinebetaine, carnitine, creatine (CRE), and cysteinesulfinic acid were greater (P < 0.01) while taurine was lower in Rum vs. small intestine. Intermediates of the folate cycle were undetectable. The fact that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was undetectable while MAT activity and SAH were greater in Rum suggested that availability of SAM (a methyl donor) is a key determinant of flux through the folate and methionine cycles in the GIT. Except for adenosine, concentrations of glutamate, glycine, α-ketoglutarate, hypotaurine, and GSH were lowest in Ile. Together, the data underscored unique differences in activity of one-carbon metabolism and related pathways across sections of the GIT.
In Vivo Photoadduction of Anesthetic Ligands in Mouse Brain Markedly Extends Sedation and Hypnosis

Photoaffinity ligands are best known as tools used to identify the specific binding sites of drugs to their molecular targets. However, photoaffinity ligands have the potential to further define critical neuroanatomic targets of drug action. In the brains of WT male mice, we demonstrate the feasibility of using photoaffinity ligands in vivo to prolong anesthesia via targeted yet spatially restricted photoadduction of azi-m-propofol (aziPm), a photoreactive analog of the general anesthetic propofol. Systemic administration of aziPm with bilateral near-ultraviolet photoadduction in the rostral pons, at the border of the parabrachial nucleus and locus coeruleus, produced a 20-fold increase in the duration of sedative and hypnotic effects compared with control mice without UV illumination. Photoadduction that missed the parabrachial-coerulean complex also failed to extend the sedative or hypnotic actions of aziPm and was indistinguishable from nonadducted controls. Paralleling the prolonged behavioral and EEG consequences of on target in vivo photoadduction, we conducted electrophysiologic recordings in rostral pontine brain slices. Using neurons within the locus coeruleus to further highlight the cellular consequences of irreversible aziPm binding, we demonstrate transient slowing of spontaneous action potentials with a brief bath application of aziPm that becomes irreversible on photoadduction. Together, these findings suggest that photochemistry-based strategies are a viable new approach for probing CNS physiology and pathophysiology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Photoaffinity ligands are drugs capable of light-induced irreversible binding, which have unexploited potential to identify the neuroanatomic sites of drug action. We systemically administer a centrally acting anesthetic photoaffinity ligand in mice, conduct localized photoillumination within the brain to covalently adduct the drug at its in vivo sites of action, and successfully enrich irreversible drug binding within a restricted 250 µm radius. When photoadduction encompassed the pontine parabrachial-coerulean complex, anesthetic sedation and hypnosis was prolonged 20-fold, thus illustrating the power of in vivo photochemistry to help unravel neuronal mechanisms of drug action.
Segmental defect healing in the presence or absence of recombinant human BMP2: Novel insights from a rat model

This study defined and compared the course of native, impaired and growth factor‐stimulated bone regeneration in a rat femoral defect model. A mid‐diaphyseal defect with rigid internal fixation was surgically created in the right femur of male Fischer rats and serially analyzed over 36 weeks. Native bone regeneration was modeled using a sub‐critical, 1 mm size defect, which healed uneventfully. Critical size defects of 5 mm were used to analyze impaired bone regeneration. In a third group, the 5 mm defects were filled with 11 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) impregnated onto an absorbable collagen sponge, modeling its clinical use. Native bone regeneration was characterized by endochondral ossification with progressive remodeling to ultimately resemble intact femora. An endochondral response was also observed under conditions of impaired bone regeneration, but by week 8 medullary capping occurred with fibrofatty consolidation of the tissue within the defect, resembling an atrophic non‐union. rhBMP2 treatment was associated with prolonged inflammatory cytokine expression and rapid intramembranous bone formation occurring with reduced expression of cartilage‐associated collagens. Between weeks 4 and 36, rhBMP2‐treated bones demonstrated decreased trabecular number and increased trabecular separation, which resulted in inferior mechanical properties compared with bones that healed naturally. Clinical Significance: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) is used clinically to promote healing of long bones. Our data suggest that it drives intramembraneous ossification producing an inferior regenerate that deteriorates with time. Clinical outcomes would be improved by technologies favoring endochondral regenerative ossification.
Breaking the Size Limitation of Directly-Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Toward Efficient Short-wavelength Infrared Optoelectronic Applications.

PbS quantum dots (QDs) are promising building blocks for solution-processed short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) devices. The recently developed direct synthesis of semi-conductive PbS QD inks has substantially simplified the preparation processing and reduced the material cost, while facing the challenge to synthesize large-size QDs with absorption covering the SWIR region. Herein, we for the first time realize a low-cost, scalable synthesis of SWIR PbS QD inks after an extensive investigation of the reaction kinetics. Finally, based on these PbS SWIR QD inks, the solar cell demonstrates a record-high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.44% through an 1100 nm cutoff silicon filter and the photodetector device shows a low dark current density of 2 × 10-6 A cm-2 at -0.8 V reverse bias with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 70% at ~1300 nm. Our results realize the direct synthesis of low-cost and scalable SWIR QD inks and may accelerate the industrialization of consumer SWIR technologies.
Mining Method for Weighted Concise Association Rules Based on Closed Itemsets under Weighted Support Framework

Association rules tell us interesting relationships between different items in transaction database. But traditional association rule has two disadvantages. Firstly it assumes every two items have same significance in database, which is unreasonable in many real applications and usually leads to incorrect results. On the other hand, traditional association rule representation contains too much redundancy which makes it difficult to be mined and used. This paper addresses the problem of mining weighted concise association rules based on closed itemsets under weighted support-significant framework, in which each item with different significance is assigned different weight. Through exploiting specific technique, the proposed algorithm can mine all weighted concise association rules while duplicate weighted itemset search space is pruned. As illustrated in experiments, the proposed method leads to good results and achieves good performance.
Survey of instability thresholds of flow between exactly counter-rotating disks

The three-dimensional linear instability of axisymmetric flow between exactly counter-rotating disks is studied numerically. The dynamics are governed by two parameters, the Reynolds number $Re$ based on cylinder radius and disk rotation speed and the height-to-radius ratio $\Gamma$. The stability analysis performed for $0.5 \,{\le}\, \Gamma \,{\le}\, 3$ shows that non-axisymmetric modes are dominant and stationary and that the critical azimuthal wavenumber is a decreasing function of $\Gamma$. The patterns of the dominant perturbations are analysed and a physical mechanism related to a shear layer instability is discussed. No evidence of complex dynamical behaviour is seen in the neighbourhood of the 1:2 codimension-two point when the $m\,{=}\,2$ threshold precedes that of $m\,{=}\,1$. Axisymmetric instabilities are also calculated; these may be stationary or Hopf bifurcations. Their thresholds are always higher than those of non-axisymmetric modes.