Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forbidden line variability in active galactic nuclei

Abstract A number of review papers and new data on line variability in the spectra of about a dozen active galactic nuclei permit us to suppose that the characteristics of forbidden line variability are similar to those of permitted lines. Using the well-known mechanisms of forbidden line excitation in HII regions, calculations of the volume dimensions were made for a number of parameters T e and n e and luminosity L7959+5007 = 1041 erg s−1. The results of calculations permit estimation of volume dimensions of about (1,0-1,5) light months for the NGC 1275 nucleus [O111] envelope. Parameters T e = 28,000 K, n e = 107 cm−3 and L7959+5007 = 1042 erg s−1 corresponding to the active stage of the nucleus were used.
Ponderomotive effects in an electromagnetic accelerator

An inductive coupled plasma (ICP) source of a new type for dry etching has been developed. It is driven by a planar inductive coil, which is placed at the top of the channel formed by two coaxial dielectric cylinders. At low pressure, the radial component of the radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field causes a ponderomotive force acting on the electrons directed towards the bottom of the channel. Charge separation gives rise to an ambipolar electric field, which retards electrons and accelerates ions. The source represents an electrodeless electromagnetic accelerator (EMA) and can create an axially directed flux of ions. EMA has been modeled as an axisymmetric ICP discharge in argon gas based on experimental data of the plasma density and electron temperature profile. The magnetic field and RF current densities obtained have been used for calculation of the Lorentz force acting on the electrons and ambipolar plasma potential. Simulations of electron trajectories show that electrons are trapped in the EMA channel and make a number of oscillations before leaving the channel. The ponderomotive potential produces acceleration of the ions in the channel up to 13–16 eV.
Intelligent Adaptive Motion Control Using Fuzzy Basis Function Networks for Electric Unicycle

This paper presents two intelligent adaptive controllers, called self‐balancing and speed controllers, for self‐balancing and motion control, respectively, of an electric unicycle using fuzzy basis function networks (FBFN), which are employed to approximate model uncertainties and unknown friction between the wheel and the terrain surface. Both controllers are established based on the linearized model of the vehicle whose model uncertainties and parameter variations are caused by different riders and terrain. An adaptive backstepping controller together with online learning FBFN and sensing information of the rider's body inclination then is presented to achieve self‐balancing motion control. By adding an electronic throttle as the input device of speed commands, a decoupling sliding‐mode controller with online learning FBFN is proposed to accomplish self‐balancing and speed control. The performance and merit of the two proposed control methods are exemplified by conducting four simulations and three experiments on a laboratory‐built electric unicycle.
Respiratory effects of running in urban areas with high and low ambient air pollution: A scoping review

ABSTRACT Running is a popular way for people to keep fit and healthy. With the majority of people living in urban areas, this popular method for staying fit may be a double-edged sword. Running in areas of high ambient air pollution causes a higher dose of inhaled pollutants. We sought to establish the degree to which this increased dose of pollution is detrimental to respiratory health or performance and if it outweighs the benefits of running in urban areas. We conducted a scoping review of the literature using PubMed, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane library. While there were mixed results on the effect of running in high ambient air pollution, most of the evidence indicates that it is hazardous for respiratory health. Reports of falls in lung function, inflammatory markers and impaired nasal mucociliary clearance were some of the reported significant effects in the respiratory system of runners in highly polluted areas. There were also studies that reported non-significant effects. Other secondary effects were also reported in some studies such as increased systolic blood pressure and impaired cognition. Some studies found that reduced running performance was associated with running in high ambient air pollution, while others only found a significant association in female runners. Running is a cheap and convenient way for staying fit and healthy and should be promoted to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases, but more greenways and parks should be provided for runners in cities to mitigate against the effects of airborne pollutants
Minor Oral Surgery with Out Stopping the Daily Low Dose of Aspirin Therapy

OBJECTIVES Patients with the low-dose long-term aspirin regime have a severe risk of excessive bleeding during surgery, placing them at risk of "adverse thrombotic events". This study aims to evaluate the bleeding in patients undergoing minor oral surgery procedures without stopping daily low-dose aspirin therapy. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based investigation involved the patient with minor oral surgery at "Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan" from mid-April 2021 to mid-June 2021, who were between the age group 30 to 75 with a low-dose aspirin regime. The data was collected via a questionnaire to record the variables, i.e. duration of aspirin, postoperative medications, platelets count, clotting time, normal bleeding time, and intraoperative bleeding time. RESULTS 51 patients, of which 32 were males while 19, were females. The normal bleeding time was comparatively analyzed with the intraoperative bleeding time using SPSS statistical software version 22. The results revealed that the mean bleeding time for the patients with a low-dose aspirin regime during minor oral surgery was 5.49 ± 1.07, while for the patients with a stopped aspirin dose was 4.57 ± 1.07. The comparative analysis using a t-test doesn't reveal significant statistical differences of p<0.05 between both groups. CONCLUSION We concluded that minor oral surgical procedures could safely be done without altering or stopping the low-dose, long-term aspirin regime.
Shape reconstruction of an inhomogeneous impedance cylinder via potential and neural network approach

In this article, a hybrid method is presented to reconstruct two‐dimensional shape of an inhomogeneous impedance cylinder from the noisy far field data in the case of single electromagnetic plane wave illumination. The proposed reconstruction method can also be applied for complex‐shaped smooth objects having different type of boundary conditions. For the solution of the direct problem, a potential (layer) approach is chosen that leads to a boundary integral equation. Applying Nyström method to the equation, an exponential convergence is obtained. The inverse scattering problem is solved via neural network approach, which is a stable technique under considerable level of noise. The applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed method are supported by numerical examples, and the proposed approach provides reconstructions which are in good agreement with the actual shapes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 119–124, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23953
Packing entropy and divergence points

Let (X, d, T) be a dynamical system, where (X, d) is a compact metric space and T: X → X is a continuous map. For n ∈ ℕ∖{0}, let L n : X → M(X) denote the n-th empirical measure, i.e., A continuous affine deformation of L n is a pair (Y, Ξ) where Y is a vector space with linear compatible metric and Ξ: M(X) → Y is a continuous and affine map. This article is devoted to investigating the packing entropy of and in a dynamical system with the specification property and the positive expansive property, where C is a convex and closed subset of Ξ(M(X, T)).
Adductor Strains in Athletes

Acute adductor injuries are a common occurrence in sport. The overall incidence of adductor strains across 25 college sports was 1.29 injuries per 1000 exposures, with men’s soccer (3.15) and men’s hockey (2.47) having the highest incidences. As with most muscle strains there is a high rate of recurrence for adductor strains; 18% in professional soccer and 24% in professional hockey. Effective treatment, with successful return to play, and avoidance of reinjury, can be achieved with a proper understanding of the anatomy, a thorough clinical exam yielding an accurate diagnosis, and an evidence-based treatment approach, including return to play progression.
Abrupt changes in cross polarizations observed during thunder

Abrupt changes in the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and cross-polar phase were observed in cross-polarization measurements at 4, 6, and 11 GHz on propagation paths with low elevation angles. These abrupt changes were always observed during thunder, though exact time-to-time correspondence with lightning strokes was not clear in the measurement. In most cases, these sudden changes occurred in the direction in which the distortion of polarization ellipse increases, and the rate of change in XPD was much faster than rain-induced depolarizations by an order of magnitude. Based on the simultaneous measurement of circular and linear polarizations at 11 GHz, it was also found that the differential phase shift component suddenly increased to as large as 20\deg to 40\deg upon occurrence of these XPD changes, which confirms that this phenomenon is attributed to the effect of ice particles.
Criteria-Based Rehabilitation Following Revision Hip Arthroscopy: A Clinical Commentary

Hip revision arthroscopy is becoming an increasingly popular surgery for those with unsatisfactory outcomes following primary hip arthroscopy. With the relatively uncommon but potentially increased difficulty of rehabilitation from this surgery, a lack of established research regarding rehabilitative programs remains. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to propose a criterion-based progression that considers the intricacies present following a hip revision arthroscopy from early rehabilitation through return to sport. Criteria are presented clearly to promote objective progression through rehabilitation as opposed to relying on time since surgery as revision surgeries do not always follow traditional tissue healing time-frames. This criterion based progression promotes range of motion (ROM), strength, gait, neuromuscular control, load introduction and gradual return to play. Level of Evidence 5
Symmetric and dual paraconsistent logics

Two new first-order paraconsistent logics with De Morgan-type negations and co-implication, called symmetric paraconsistent logic (SPL) and dual paraconsistent logic (DPL), are introduced as Gentzen-type sequent calculi. The logic SPL is symmetric in the sense that the rule of contraposition is admissible in cut-free SPL. By using this symmetry property, a simpler cut-free sequent calculus for SPL is obtained. The logic DPL is not symmetric, but it has the duality principle. Simple semantics for SPL and DPL are introduced, and the completeness theorems with respect to these semantics are proved. The cut-elimination theorems for SPL and DPL are proved in two ways: One is a syntactical way which is based on the embedding theorems of SPL and DPL into Gentzen’s LK, and the other is a semantical way which is based on the completeness theorems.
Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Halogenated Organic Pollutants (HOPs) in Fish from the Laibin Section of Hongshui River, China

This study used gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to determine three kinds of halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in the edible muscles of nine fish species in the Laibin section of the Hongshui River of Xijiang River in the Pearl River system. The results showed that the sum of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish muscle was 8.94∼43.32 ng/g ww, 1.22∼4.09 ng/g ww, and ND∼0.13 ng/g ww, respectively. Evaluation indicators include analysis of the composition of homologous compounds, residues in different diets and habitats, and estimated daily intake (EDI) calculations. The analysis of the composition characteristics of homologous compounds showed that endrin was the most dominant in OCPs; hexachlorobenzene was the most dominant in PCBs; and BDE 154 was the most dominant PBDEs. Calculations of the levels of the HOPs in fish of different diets and habitats showed that OCPs and PCBs had the highest residues in carnivorous fish, and PBDEs had the highest residues in herbivorous fish. The residual OCPs, PCBs, and PBDEs in demersal fishes were the most. The estimated daily intake (EDI) results showed that daily fish consumption in the Laibin section of the Hongshui River would not cause HOPs health risks to the local residents. However, there is still a need for continuous monitoring of HOPs to reduce pollutant emissions and prevent pollution conditions from arising.
Hierarchical Dynamic Models

Consider a population of students divided into groups (schools or classes), for which we believe there are similarities (about a certain aspect of interest) within students in the same group. More specifically, suppose we are interested in analyzing the proficiency in maths of students attending to the same level at different schools, and all of them are submitted to the same test. It is reasonable to expect that the average score obtained by the students is not the same at every school, as characteristics of the school could possibly be affecting this average. For this specific example, the teaching skills of the maths teacher could be an important aspect. Other variables could also be important, such as the average social-economic background of the parents. This problem can be expressed in a hierarchical framework written in two hierarchical levels: firstly, a regression equation is specified at the student level, possibly including explanatory variables such as gender or age. The intercept and possibly some regression coefficients of this regression are allowed to vary between schools, according to equations specified in the second level of the hierarchy. This equations can be specified, for example, as regressions at the school level, taking into account explanatory variables at this level. By allowing the regression coefficients of certain explanatory variables to vary between schools, the model is taking into account the fact that the effects of these variables in the maths score of the students
Is a FASTHUG enough? Going beyond mnemonics for the next generation of pharmacy learners

Mnemonic devices are acronyms, abbreviations, or other learning tools that have been used for decades to memorize basic concepts. They are ubiquitous in teaching settings, including among intensive care unit (ICU) pharmacists, where the mnemonic FASTHUG (Feeding, Analgesia/Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head of bed, Ulcer prophylaxis, Glucose) is commonly cited. FASTHUG has existed since 2005 and serves as a reminder for key components of care for a critically ill patient. Due to the popularity of this acronym, multiple iterations have been created, where creative authors update, change, and/or add to the mnemonic. While FASTHUG is a unique learning tool with strengths for the entire care team, it has clear pitfalls when used in the pharmacy learning setting (i.e., during advanced practice rotations or for a postgraduate year 1 resident). This has led to the implementation of distinct mnemonic tools which are more specific to pharmacy interventions. The result is a myriad of published tools available for preceptors with limited data supporting their use in practice. A thorough understanding of the educational benefits of mnemonic devices paired with a recognition of their pitfalls can improve learning experiences. This review is designed to help preceptors understand the role of mnemonic devices and deploy them strategically for pharmacy learners. Furthermore, current pharmacy learners have different needs and characteristics when compared with other generations. This may alter the current students' level of comfort with utilizing mnemonics. Alternative teaching strategies that may be more beneficial for today's learners include technology and media utilization, scenario‐based discussions, and hands‐on application of mnemonics. Pharmacists who understand these variables can optimize their rotations and improve the learning experience for both themselves and their learners.
All paths in an activity network

The known CPM/PERT methods are available for the determination of the critical edges and a critical path. I n this paper we give two algorithms: one of them is used for the determination of all critical paths, the second for the determination of the second longest paths. The validity of the algorithms and the labelling technique are also given.
A New Approach to the Construction of the APF Algorithm by Applying the Pearson Curves Technique

: We consider the theoretical question concerning time series which arises when the distribution of the observed variable is in fact a conditional distribution. The Kalman ﬁlter provides an effective solution to the linear Gaussian ﬁltering problem. However, when state or measurement, or both, are highly non-linear, and posterior probability distribution of the state is non-Gaussian, the optimal linear ﬁlter and its modiﬁcations do not provide satisfactory results. The Sequential Monte Carlo method (SMC) have become one of the familiar tools that allowed the Bayesian paradigm to be applied to approximation of sophisticated models. In this paper we propose a novel construction of an auxiliary particle ﬁlter (APF) algorithm using the Pearson curves technique (PC) for approximation of importance weights of simulated particles. The effectiveness of the method is discussed and illustrated by numerical results based on the simulated stochastic volatility process SV.
Dopant activation and ultralow resistance ohmic contacts to Si-ion-implanted GaN using pressurized rapid thermal annealing

Activation annealing of Si implants in metalorganic-chemical-vapor-deposition-grown GaN has been studied for use in ohmic contacts. Si was implanted in semi-insulating GaN at 100keV with doses from 5×1014to1.5×1016cm−2. Rapid thermal annealing at ∼1500°C with 100bar N2 overpressure was used for dopant activation, resulting in a minimum sheet resistance of 13. 9Ω∕square for a dose of 7×1015cm−2. Secondary-ion-mass-spectroscopy measurements showed a post-activation broadening of the dopant concentration peak by 20nm (at half the maximum), while x-ray triple-axis ω–2θ scans indicated nearly complete implant damage recovery. Transfer-length-method measurements of the resistance of Ti∕Al∕Ni∕Au contacts to activated GaN:Si (5×1015cm−2 at 100keV) indicated contact resistances of 0.07 and 0. 02Ωmm for as-deposited and subsequently annealed contacts, respectively.
Limits on the primordial fluctuation spectrum: void sizes and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

We suggest the use of the typical appearance of voids on a scale of 5000 km s −1 in the galaxy distribution to estimate the power spectrum on this scale. We use a simple model for the gravitational formation of voids, and we compare the results with the matter fluctuations as constrained by the CMBR observations by COBE. We find that a power spectrum P(k)∞k n with n≃1.25 is compatible both with COBE and with the gravitational growth of large voids in an Ω=1 universe. A Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum, n=1, normalized to produce the observed CMBR fluctuations, does not have enough power for gravitational growth of voids with a diameter of 5000 km s −1 in an Ω=1 universe
Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part II: Case study on the watercourses in the Puck Bay catchment area

: Due to its location, Puck Bay is an area particularly vulnerable to pollution of anthropogenic origin. The aim of the study was to assess the water quality of small watercourses entering the inner part of Puck Bay. The paper presents the results of chemical and microbiological analyses of 10 rivers and canals at their estuaries located on the western shore of the internal Puck Bay. The following environmental parameters were analyzed: conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (in situ measurements), COD (cuvette tests), concentrations of ions (ion chromatography). Microbiological analysis included assessment of sanitary condition based on the number of fecal coliforms by a cultivation method. The determination of basic microbiological parameters such as: prokaryotic cell abundance expressed as total cells number (TCN), prokaryotic cell biovolume expressed as average cell volume (ACV), the prokaryotic biomass (PB) and prokaryotic cell morphotype diversity were determined using epifluorescence microscopy method. Based on the obtained
Identification Of Elasto-viscoplastic MaterialProperties From Indentation Testing UsingAn Inverse Method

A combination of finite element modelling with gradient-based numerical optimization is used to determine the material parameters of a mechanical constitutive law from indentation testing by minimizing a cost function, quantifying the difference between load versus displacement-into-surface curves obtained from experiments and from finite element modelling. The required gradients of the cost function are calculated through a sensitivity analysis based on the direct differentiation method. Approximate correlation or cosine matrices will be calculated for assessing parameter correlation and used for designing load histories, which improve the parameter correlation in indentation testing. Finally, experimental indentation curves from metallic materials will be analyzed using the inverse method. The impact on material parameter identification of indenter tip size and of the incorporation of residual imprint data, obtained by white light interferometry, into the objective function will be monitored.
Evolution of stars just below the critical mass for iron core formation

Abstract We calculate the evolution of stars with their initial mass of 9-11M⊙ under very fine initial mass grid of 0.01M⊙. We determine the lower critical mass for Ne ignition in an ONe core that has not undergone the thermal pulse episode. The values are 9.83M⊙ for the initial mass and 1.365M⊙ for the CO core mass. A star with an initial mass slightly larger than the critical, undergoes an off-center Ne+O ignition. Since the energy production rate of Ne+O burning and lasting electron capture reactions is sufficiently large to ignite Si, an Fe core forms as a result of shell Si burning. For a star just below the critical mass, an ONe core continues to contract. In such a high density core, electron capture by nuclei produced through C burning affects the core evolution. After 20Ne starts to capture electrons, the core may ignite O and undergo O detonation. The fate may be an Electron Capture Supernova.