Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISOCAM 3-12 μm imaging of five galactic compact Hii regions

We present 3-12 μ m ISOCAM observations of the five Galactic compact H ii regions Sh 61, Sh 138, Sh 152, Sh 156 and Sh 186. The unidentified infrared bands (UIBs) centred at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6 and 11.2 μ m -and underlying continuum -are imaged using the SW1, SW2, LW4, LW6 and LW8 filters. Images are also obtained at 5.985, 6.911, 8.222, 10.520 and 12.000 μ m using the circular variable filter (CVF). We show that the 5.985 μ m emission represents a true continuum reference for the 6.2 μ m band, allowing a derivation of this band's properties. Due to uncertainties in the continuum estimates, only lower limits can be given for the 3.3, 7.7 and 11.3 μ m band fluxes. These limits agree with previous results found in the literature. The distribution of the bands coincide. The 3.3 μ m emission is not observed in high extinction zones, suggesting a lower temperature of the carriers and/or a higher abundance of larger molecules in those zones. The 6.2 μ m band emission peaks outside the ionized zone, in the photodissociation region. The 6.2 μ m band luminosity correlates with the far UV field intensity, suggesting a UV excitation. We also find a correlation between the spatial distribution of the 6.2 μ m band emission and zones of strong 2.122 μ m H 2 emission due to ultraviolet fluorescence. This suggests that both emissions are due to UV excitation. The 6.2 μ m emission is slightly closer to the exciting star. This suggests that the band carriers survive in the H i zone. The 12 μ m emission traces the continuum emission from very small grains, when present, and follows well the distribution of UIB emission. This suggests a link between the two emission carriers. The emission peak observed on the star in Sh 61 and Sh 156 indicates that the continuum from very small grains dominates the emission in highly excited regions.
The Stellar Content of NGC 3109

Deep B, V, and I CCD images are used to investigate the stellar content of a field along the major axis of the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 3109. Stars spanning a wide range of ages are detected, and the youngest have ages between 10 and 30 million years. The width of the main sequence can be explained solely by observational uncertainties, indicating that star-to-star differences in reddening are small. The total line-of-sight reddening, derived from the main-sequence locus, is E(B−V)∼0.14. The distance modulus of NGC 3109 is rederived from published Cepheid photometry after assuming that the absorption measured in this field is representative of the galaxy in general, and the result is μ 0 ∼25.05. The luminosity function of upper main-sequence stars follows a well-defined power law with exponent 0.37±0.01
Study of Contact Angle Hysteresis : In Relation to Boiling Surface Wettability

The Wettability of a heated surface plays an important role in nucleate and transition boiling. In most previous research on boiling, the contact angle has been a common measure of surface wettability. However, because of hysteresis, measuring it from the shape of a liquid droplet on a solid surface has little meaning. In this research, the hysteresis of contact angle is studied theoretically, and effects of surface roughness, energetics and temperature on wettability are investigated experimentally by measuring contact angles of water on copper, aluminum, glass and Teflon surfaces under various conditions. As a result, a new method for evaluating surface wettability is proposed.
Raman spectra of carbon nanowalls grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Raman spectra of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) grown using dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were analyzed. The Raman spectra of CNWs exhibited G and D bands at ∼1580 and ∼1350cm−1, respectively. It is found that the bandwidth of the G band is relatively narrow, even when the peak intensity ratio of D band to G band is significantly high. This spectral feature of CNWs is distinguished from those of typical graphitelike carbons reported so far. From the comparison of these spectral features, it is shown that CNWs are composed of small crystallites with a high degree of graphitization.
Cold air outbreaks over high-latitude sea gulfs

abstract Wintertime cold outbreaks were studied via a 2-D numerical model set across an 80 km wide non-frozen sea gulf along 60°N (‘Gulf of Finland’). In calm conditions, land breezes develop over both coasts with relatively large along-shore wind components. The mid-gulf convergence of the colliding land breezes leads to a moderate rising motion at about 600 m height, forcing bands of low cloud and snowfall along the gulf, whereas the near-surface horizontal wind shear may induce ‘mini-hurricanes’. A weak large-scale cold outbreak across the gulf distorts the land breeze cells, damping the rising motion, whereas a moderate cross-coast outbreak modifies them into a typical heat island circulation pattern with only a modest rising motion over a flat windward shore. A cold outbreak along the non-frozen gulf leads to strong heat transfer from the sea. This maintains the embedded coastal land breeze circulations that contribute to a double low-level jet structure. The strongest rising motion was obtained for surface winds blowing along the gulf. It is suggested that the Swedish Gävle snowstorm of December 1998 was such a case.
Ultrathin diamond-like carbon coatings used for reduction of pole tip recession in magnetic tape heads

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited using a commercial direct ion beam deposition technique on thin-film Al2O3–TiC inductive write heads. The coating thicknesses used were 5, 10, and 20 nm. Accelerated wear tests were conducted with metal particle tapes in a linear tape drive. Atomic force microscopy was used to image the thin-film regions to measure pole tip recession (PTR), relative wear of the pole tip with respect to the air bearing surface. It is found that the coating wears off of the head substrate to a significant extent in the first 1000 km of sliding distance. The coating is worn off the substrate long before it wears off of the thin-film region. The existence of the coating on the thin-film region provides close enough wear characteristics between the substrate and thin film that the two wear at similar rates. This results in little growth in pole tip recession. Early in the wear test, the coated substrate wears at a slightly higher rate than the DLC coated thin-film region due to.
Testing the reconstruction of modelled particulate organic carbon from surface ecosystem components using PlankTOM12 and machine learning

Abstract. Understanding the relationship between surface marine ecosystems and the export of carbon to depth by sinking organic particles is key to representing the effect of ecosystem dynamics and diversity, and their evolution under multiple stressors, on the carbon cycle and climate in models. Recent observational technologies have greatly increased the amount of data available, both for the abundance of diverse plankton groups and for the concentration and properties of particulate organic carbon in the ocean interior. Here we use synthetic model data to test the potential of using machine learning (ML) to reproduce concentrations of particulate organic carbon within the ocean interior based on surface ecosystem and environmental data. We test two machine learning methods that differ in their approaches to data-fitting, the random forest and XGBoost methods. The synthetic data are sampled from the PlankTOM12 global biogeochemical model using the time and coordinates of existing observations. We test 27 different combinations of possible drivers to reconstruct small (POCS) and large (POCL) particulate organic carbon concentrations. We show that ML can successfully be used to reproduce modelled particulate organic carbon over most of the ocean based on ecosystem and modelled environmental drivers. XGBoost showed better results compared to random forest thanks to its gradient boosting trees' architecture. The inclusion of plankton functional types (PFTs) in driver sets improved the accuracy of the model reconstruction by 58 % on average for POCS and by 22 % for POCL. Results were less robust over the equatorial Pacific and some parts of the high latitudes. For POCS reconstruction, the most important drivers were the depth level, temperature, microzooplankton and PO4, while for POCL it was the depth level, temperature, mixed-layer depth, microzooplankton, phaeocystis, PO4 and chlorophyll a averaged over the mixed-layer depth. These results suggest that it will be possible to identify linkages between surface environmental and ecosystem structure and particulate organic carbon distribution within the ocean interior using real observations and to use this knowledge to improve both our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and of their functional representation within models.
Ridge-enhanced optical transmission through a continuous metal film

Optical transmission through a continuous (without holes) metal film with a periodic structure of metal or dielectric ridges on one or both interfaces was numerically studied. The dependencies of the transmission on the ridge width and height as well as the ridge arrangements on the opposite interfaces were investigated in weak- and strong-coupling regimes. The transmission enhancement was shown to depend on the relative position of the ridge gratings on the opposite interfaces of a film, confirming the role of resonant tunneling processes involving states of the surface polariton Bloch modes.
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Abundances in Early B-Type Stars

We report on a survey of the C, N, and O abundances in a sample of early B-type stars which was undertaken to test Lyubimkov's claim that CN-cycled material is mixed to the surfaces of these stars during their core hydrogen-burning phase. We have obtained equivalent widths of generally weak lines using high signal-to-noise Reticon spectra of 39 stars in four spectral regions. We have derived effective temperatures and gravities for these stars using Stromgren dereddened color indices and Hy line profiles through a comparison with colors and line profiles from Kurucz line-blanketed atmospheres
Microstructure of plasma‐deposited a‐Si : H films

Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, it is shown that plasma deposition of amorphous silicon hydrogen films from silane or silane/argon mixtures proceeds via nucleation and growth of islands of average lateral dimensions ∼100 A. If these islands do not coalesce into a homogeneous film, subsequent growth produces columnar morphology with low‐density interstitial regions. There is a strong correlation between the columnar structure and the presence of nonradiative recombination centers.
Nonparametric quasi-likelihood

The quasi-likelihood function proposed by Wedderburn broadened the scope of generalized linear models by specifying the variance function instead of the entire distribution. However, complete specification of variance functions in the quasi-likelihood approach may not be realistic. We define a nonparametric quasi-likelihood by replacing the specified variance function in the conventional quasi-likelihood with a nonparametric variance function estimate. This nonparametric variance function estimate is based on squared residuals from an initial model fit. The rate of convergence of the nonparametric variance function estimator is derived. It is shown that the asymptotic limiting distribution of the vector of regression parameter estimates is the same as for the quasi-likelihood estimates obtained under correct specification of the variance function, thus establishing the asymptotic efficiency of the nonparametric quasi-likelihood estimates. We propose bandwidth selection strategies based on deviance and Pearson's chi-square statistic. It is demonstrated in simulations that for finite samples the proposed nonparametric quasi-likelihood method can improve upon extended quasi-likelihood or pseudo-likelihood methods where the variance function is assumed to fall into a parametric class with unknown parameters. We illustrate the proposed methods with applications to dental data and cherry tree data.
Pose estimation based on the constraints of inner angles and areas of triangles

This paper presents an iterative pose estimation method on the basis of point correspondences, which are composed of 3D coordinates of feature points under object reference frame and their 2D projective coordinates under image reference frame. The proposed method decomposes the pose estimation into two steps. Firstly, the 3D coordinates of the feature points under camera reference frame are estimated iteratively by Gauss-Newton method. In this process, the variables are defined by the lengths of the vectors from the focus point of camera to the feature points; meanwhile, several novel constraints are constructed by a set of error functions built out of the inner angles and areas of the triangles formed by three arbitrary non-collinear feature points, because they can describe the shape of object uniquely and completely. Secondly, by using Gauss-Newton method again, the rotation angles (i.e., pitch, yaw, and roll) and 3D translation of the object are estimated from the 3D coordinates of the feature points under camera reference frame obtained in the first step. Experiments involving synthetic data as well as real data indicate that the proposed method is more accurate and no less fast than the previous method.
A PROVISIONAL RR LYRAE DISTANCE SCALE

Hydrodynamic pulsation models are matched with observations of globular cluster RRc stars to derive masses, luminosities and temperatures as functions of two observables: pulsation period, P1, and Fourier phase parameter, phi sub 31. We find that mean RRc masses and luminosities increase, and mean temperatures fall, with decreasing cluster metallicity. The Oosterhoff dichotomy is explained as mainly a temperature effect, while hints of a new dichotomy (in RRc mass and luminosity) are found among certain Oo II clusters. A provisional RR Lyrae distance scale emerges for the RRc stars in the form of a relation between luminosity and the two observables, P1 and phi sub 31. Finally, the scheme we propose passes three independent tests: (1) it reproduces the observed hierarchy of relative luminosity among a large sample of RRc stars in Omega Centauri; (2) it yields mean RRc masses which are fully consistent with the RRd masses derived for the clusters M68 and M15; and (3) it gives an LMC distance modulus in agreement with that obtained by other methods.
Low-cost inertial estimation unit based on extended Kalman filtering

The paper describes some design and implementation aspects of a low-cost inertial estimation unit based on comercially available inertial sensors. The primary task for the unit described in this paper is to estimate the attitude (orientation, pose), but the extension to estimating the position and height is planned. The size of the unit is about the size of a handheld device. It includes a commercially available 3-axis rate gyro combined in a single package with a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis magnetometer. In order to include position estimation capabilities a GPS receiver is attached and a barometric pressure sensor can be added. The primary limitation of the implementation described in this paper is that it assumes no long term acceleration of the carrier (neither along a linear nor along a curved path), which makes the result of less value in aerospace industry but may have some appeal to researcher engineers in other fields. The data measured by the three sensors are fused using the Extended Kalman filtering paradigm. No model of the dynamics of the carrier (aircraft, mobile robot or a patient) is relied upon, the only modeled dynamics is that of sensors, such as the bias and noise. The choice of extended Kalman filtering methodology was dictated by strong requirements on computational simplicity. Some experience with implementation of the proposed scheme on a digital hardware (ARM7 based microcontroller) is shared in the paper. Finally, functionality of the presented device is demonstrated in experiments. Besides simple indoor tests, fly experiments were conducted using a small UAV helicopter.
Approximate Bayesian Inference for Latent Gaussian Models

This thesis consists of five papers, presented in chronological order. Their content is summarised in this section.Paper I introduces the approximation tool for latent GMRF models and discusses, in particular, the approximation for the posterior of the hyperparameters θ in equation (1). It is shown that this approximation is indeed very accurate, as even long MCMC runs cannot detect any error in it. A Gaussian approximation to the density of χi|θ, y is also discussed. This appears to give reasonable results and it is very fast to compute. However, slight errors are detected when comparing the approximation with long MCMC runs. These are mostly due to the fact that a possible - skewed density is approximated via a symmetric one. Paper I presents also some details about sparse matrices algorithms.The core of the thesis is presented in Paper II. Here most of the remaining issues present in Paper I are solved. Three different approximation for χi|θ, y with different degrees of accuracy and computational costs are described. Moreover, ways to assess the approximation error and considerations about the asymptotical behaviour of the approximations are also discussed. Through a series of examples covering a wide range of commonly used latent GMRF models, the approximations are shown to give extremely accurate results in a fraction of the computing time used by MCMC algorithms.Paper III applies the same ideas as Paper II to generalised linear mixed models where χ represents a latent variable at n spatial sites on a two dimensional domain. Out of these n sites k, with n >> k , are observed through data. The n sites are assumed to be on a regular grid and wrapped on a torus. For the class of models described in Paper III the computations are based on discrete Fourier transform instead of sparse matrices. Paper III illustrates also how marginal likelihood π (y) can be approximated, provides approximate strategies for Bayesian outlier detection and perform approximate evaluation of spatial experimental design.Paper IV presents yet another application of the ideas in Paper II. Here approximate techniques are used to do inference on multivariate stochastic volatility models, a class of models widely used in financial applications. Paper IV discusses also problems deriving from the increased dimension of the parameter vector θ, a condition which makes all numerical integration more computationally intensive. Different approximations for the posterior marginals of the parameters θ, π(θi)|y), are also introduced. Approximations to the marginal likelihood π(y) are used in order to perform model comparison.Finally, Paper V is a manual for a program, named inla which implements all approximations described in Paper II. A large series of worked out examples, covering many well known models, illustrate the use and the performance of the inla program. This program is a valuable instrument since it makes most of the Bayesian inference techniques described in this thesis easily available for everyone.
Generalized Fourier transform diffraction theory for parabolically anisotropic media

A convenient diffraction formalism is presented for a planar ultrasonic source of arbitrary shape radiating into a medium which is parabolically anisotropic (or isotropic). Under the Fresnel approximation, the field amplitude is shown to be a Fourier transform of the aperture source function for both the nearfield and farfield. For the two‐dimensional (surface‐wave) case, closed‐form field expressions were obtained for the following source shapes: rectangular, Gaussian, truncated cosine, and truncated Gaussian. Diffraction loss and phase advance curves for equal and unequal apertures show that the nearly ideal characteristics of a Gaussian source can be approximated well by truncated source shapes.
A sensor measuring the Fourier coefficients of the magnetic flux density for pipe crack detection using the magnetic flux leakage method

A simple sensor for magnetic flux leakage methods of detecting cracks on the surfaces of ferromagnetic pipes is proposed. We show that the crack position can be determined by the Fourier coefficients of the leakage magnetic flux density on a circle inside the pipe in the pipe cross-sectional plane. Coils that directly output the Fourier cosine and sine coefficients were made. The experimental results showed that, using only these two coils rather than dozens of magnetic sensors, the center position of a crack on the inside/outside surface of the pipe could be localized.
Irregular, long-period boundary oscillations beyond 100 R{sub e}: GEOTAIL plasma observations

Near the tail boundary beyond about 100 Re, GEOTAIL often measures irregular, long-period oscillations in plasma velocity and density. Flow speed and density oscillate between magnetosheath values and values an order of magnitude less. The oscillations can persist for days. A typical oscillation lasts 100 minutes, but the range is large. The oscillations are highly asymmetric in that the increasing phase of the oscillation is an order of magnitude faster than the decreasing phase. This asymmetry shows that they are a distinct class of oscillations, not previously explicitly reported, and that they are not mere consequences of tail flapping in a variable solar wind. The changes in flow direction through an oscillation imply that the oscillation results from a motion of the boundary toward and away from the spacecraft with an amplitude between 5 and 10 Re. A consideration of options suggests that the most plausible cause of these oscillations is the ‘breathing’ of the magnetotail that attends the substorm cycle.
New ultra-luminous galaxies

Le satellite IRAS a revele sept nouvelles galaxies dont les luminosites IR sont au moins de 10 12 L○. Toutes ces galaxies se trouvent dans les catalogues radio, UV et optiques et toutes sauf une presentent des indices d'activite ou des particularites de structure
Directly coupled multiple resonator wide-band microstrip antennas

Three new configurations for increasing the impedance bandwidth of the microstrip patch antennas are described. In these configurations, additional resonators are directly coupled through short sections of microstrip line to the radiating edges, nonradiating edges, and all the four edges of the rectangular patch antennas, respectively. Green's function approach and segmentation method are used for the analysis. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with the analysis and impedance bandwidths of 548 MHz, 605 MHz, and 810 MHz are obtained for these three configurations, respectively in S -band (substrate thickness = 0.318 cm and \epsilon_{r} = 2.55 ). The variation in the radiation pattern over this impedance bandwidth is discussed.