Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation and Analysis Optimal Flexible Frequency Discretization (OFFD) Method to Minimize Classification Error at Naïve Bayes Classification

Naive Bayes is one of the classification techniques in data mining that apply Bayes Theorem in its processing and provide optimal result when each attributes in dataset is independent. But generally, a dataset has numeric attributes and nominal attributes are dependence so that if considered independent, it can cause classification error problems. Therefore, it needs a method to minimize the error rate, the method is discretize strategy. Discretization is a method that maps some numerical values (X) into an interval of nominal value (X*) based on the frequency setting in one interval so it can get number of interval formed in one numeric attribute. One of discretization method adopted in this research is Optimal Flexible Frequency Discretization (OFFD) based on sequential search and wrapper based supervised for incremental learning. This method will be carried out wrapper feature selection to get optimal attributes based on its fMeasure parameter. Then, optimal dataset will de discrete in sequential search for the minimum frequency on each interval. Based on the results of testing, showed that the OFFD influenced by the process of selecting attributes of Best First Search on the Wrapper Feature Selection, so that influence the decline in the value of the error. Keywords : wrapper based, Feature Selection, discretization, sequential search, Naive Bayes, Optimal Flexible Frequency Discretization, interval frequency
Dacriocistorrinostomía endoscópica, nuestra experiencia en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre 2017-2020

Introducción: la dacriocistorrinostomía (DCR) es una técnica quirúrgica que permite crear una comunicación entre la vía lagrimal y la cavidad nasal, y tradicionalmente se ha realizado por vía externa; sin embargo, en los últimos años con el advenimiento de la cirugía endoscópica se ha encontrado una mayor utilización de la misma. En la práctica quirúrgica en otorrinolaringología encontramos un importante número de pacientes que presentan trastornos de la vía lagrimal. Debido al incremento de la realización de DCR por vía transnasal endoscópica se considera pertinente caracterizar la población con el fin de identificar los resultados posquirúrgicos. Objetivo: describir la técnica quirúrgica y los desenlaces de los pacientes adultos llevados a DCR del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, entre 2017 y 2020. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes adultos llevados a DCR endoscópica transnasal entre 2017 y 2020. Discusión: la obstrucción de la vía lagrimal se manifiesta con epífora, procesos infecciosos recurrentes o cambios visuales. Se ha demostrado que las tasas de efectividad de la DCR son comparables con las obtenidas en los abordajes externos, con la ventaja de un menor riesgo de complicaciones y ausencia de cicatrices externas. Resultados: se analizaron 93 pacientes adultos llevados a DRC endoscópica transnasal y se encontró que la edad media en el momento del procedimiento fue de 61 años; la principal etiología identificada corresponde a obstrucción de la vía lagrimal en el 70,6 % (74 pacientes).
Role of extracellular vesicles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global population and is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. The lack of current noninvasive tools and efficient treatment is recognized as a significant barrier to the clinical management of these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles released by various cells and deliver bioactive molecules to target cells, thereby mediating various processes, including the development of NAFLD. Scope of review There is still a long way to actualize the application of EVs in NAFLD diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we summarize the roles of EVs in NAFLD and highlight their prospects for clinical application as a novel noninvasive diagnostic tool as well as a promising therapy for NAFLD, owing to their unique physiochemical characteristics. We summarize the literatures on the mechanisms by which EVs act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, immune response, intestinal microecology, and fibrosis in NAFLD. We also discuss future challenges that must be resolved to improve the therapeutic potential of EVs. Major conclusions The levels and contents of EVs change dynamically at different stages of diseases and this phenomenon may be exploited for establishing sensitive stage-specific markers. EVs also have high application potential as drug delivery systems with low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility and can be easily engineered. Research on the mechanisms and clinical applications of EVs in NAFLD is in its initial phase and the applicability of EVs in NAFLD diagnosis and treatment is expected to grow with technological progress.
Direct vs. Indirect Control Schemes for Grid-Forming Inverters–Unveiling a Performance Comparison in a Microgrid

This article provides insights into the dynamic performance of indirect and direct control strategies for grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The indirect method for grid-forming inverters utilizes three cascaded stages to produce the reference signal sent to the PWM generator. However, the direct method has only one stage. The indirect method consists of the outer loop, which controls the power, the middle loop, which regulates voltage, and the inner loop, which controls the output current. The direct method does not require the middle and inner control loops. The article compares the performance and sensitivity of both indirect and direct control methods under various conditions, including static, inductive and dynamic loads, by adjusting controller gain parameters. A virtual reactance inrush current mitigation technique is implemented with the direct method to provide momentary control over inrush caused by the dynamic loads. The direct method incorporates a feedforward technique known as virtual reactance inrush current mitigation to outperform the performance of the direct control method in the presence of dynamic and inductive loads. The performance of both control methods is experimentally compared, and the direct method outperforms the indirect method. Experimental analyses are performed in a laboratory-scaled microgrid supplied by a 208V, one 5kVA SiC inverter, and one 10kVA Si-based inverter to compare the performance of the indirect and direct methods under different test scenarios, and the outcomes are presented in this article.
ER stress activates TAp73α to promote colon cancer cell apoptosis via the PERK-ATF4 pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most diagnosed cancer worldwide. 43% of CRCs harbor p53 mutations. The tumor suppressor p53 induces cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis in response to stress, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. It has been documented that the p53 gene is mutated in more than 50% of human tumors and loses its tumor suppressor function, suggesting that ER stress-induced apoptosis might not rely on p53. In this study, we found that activation of ER stress promotes p53 null colon cancer cell apoptosis concomitant with an increased level of the TAp73α protein, a homologue of p53 in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of TAp73α partially restores ER stress-induced apoptosis, indicating that ER stress stimulates apoptosis in a manner dependent on TAp73α, but not p53. Furthermore, we found that ER stress activates TAp73α mRNA and protein expression through PERK signalling, a branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Moreover, PERK promotes TAp73α expression by upregulating the expression of the transcription factor ATF4. ATF4 directly activates the transcription of TAp73α. Consistent with this finding, ATF4 knockdown inhibited PERK- or ER stress-induced TAp73α expression. Our findings reveal that ER stress activates TAp73α to promote colon cancer cell apoptosis via the PERK-ATF4 signalling. Therefore, prolonged ER stress or upregulation of TAp73α might be a therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
Simulating stick‐slip failure in a sheared granular layer using a physics‐based constitutive model

We model laboratory earthquakes in a biaxial shear apparatus using the Shear‐Transformation‐Zone (STZ) theory of dense granular flow. The theory is based on the observation that slip events in a granular layer are attributed to grain rearrangement at soft spots called STZs, which can be characterized according to principles of statistical physics. We model lab data on granular shear using STZ theory and document direct connections between the STZ approach and rate‐and‐state friction. We discuss the stability transition from stable shear to stick‐slip failure and show that stick slip is predicted by STZ when the applied shear load exceeds a threshold value that is modulated by elastic stiffness and frictional rheology. We also show that STZ theory mimics fault zone dilation during the stick phase, consistent with lab observations.
Prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment among elderly thoracic surgery patients and association with postoperative delirium: a prospective observational study

Background Preoperative cognitive impairment (PCI) may increase the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD), yet screening for cognitive impairment is rarely performed. This study hypothesized that Mini-Cog for preoperative cognitive impairment screening predicts postoperative delirium. Methods The prospective observational study recruited 153 elderly patients presenting for elective thoracic surgery. Cognitive function of these patients was screened using Mini-Cog preoperatively. We considered that patients with Mini-Cog scores ≤ 3 had cognitive impairment. Delirium was assessed using the Short CAM scale on postoperative days 1–5. Results Of the 153 participants, 54 (35.3%) were assigned to the PCI group, and 99 (64.7%) were assigned to the Normal group. Place of residence, education level, and history of hypertension were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). 51 (33.3%) patients developed POD. Multifactorial analysis revealed that PCI (OR = 2.37, P = 0.028), older age (OR = 1.13, P = 0.009), ASA grade III (OR = 2.75, P = 0.012), and longer duration of anesthesia (OR = 1.01, P = 0.007) were associated with POD. Conclusion Preoperative cognitive impairment is strongly associated with POD. Mini-Cog could be recommended for screening PCI. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05798767.
Level‐ δ limit linear series

We consider all one‐parameter families of smooth curves degenerating to a singular curve X and describe limits of linear series along such families. We treat here only the simplest case where X is the union of two smooth components meeting transversely at a point P. We introduce the notion of level‐δ limit linear series on X to describe these limits, where δ is the singularity degree of the total space of the degeneration at P. If the total space is regular, that is, δ=1 , we recover the limit linear series introduced by Osserman in . So we extend his treatment to a more general setup. In particular, we construct a projective moduli space Gd,δr(X) parameterizing level‐δ limit linear series of rank r and degree d on X, and show that it is a new compactification, for each δ, of the moduli space of Osserman exact limit linear series. Finally, we generalize by associating with each exact level‐δ limit linear series g on X a closed subscheme P(g)⊆X(d) of the dth symmetric product of X, and showing that, if g is a limit of linear series on the smooth curves degenerating to X, then P(g) is the limit of the corresponding spaces of divisors. In short, we describe completely limits of divisors along degenerations to such a curve X.
2D Static Light Scattering for Dairy Based Applications

2D Static Light Scattering for Dairy Based Applications Throughout this thesis we investigate a recently introduced optical technique denoted 2D static light scattering (2DSLS). The technique is remote sensing, non-invasive, highly flexible, and appears to be well suited for in-line process control. Moreover, the output signal contains contributions from several different optical phenomena, which can be utilised to provide information on chemical composition and underlying microstructure of an investigated sample.
TEKNILLINEN KORKEAKOULU DIPLOMITYÖN TIIVISTELMÄ Tekijä

The cerebellum participates closely in fine-tuning and automation of motor control. Despite the inherit delays of the sensorymotor system and inertia of the controlled limbs, human-beings and animals are able to produce fluent, coordinated and accurately timed motor movements. The cerebellum is known to play an important part in muscle coordination and timing especially in high speed movements when pure feedback control is not—because of the delays—fast and accurate enough. However, the cerebellum is able to calculate accurately timed motor predictions using the input information representing the state of the body and environment mediated by so-called mossy fibers. The aim of my thesis is—inspired by the cerebellar system—to design and implement an adaptive controller that is able to learn to use so-called contextual information from various sensors representing the state of the body and environment to produce motor commands that make the controlled object to behave desirably in the future. The model is supervised learning system that predictively uses simple reflexes as teaching signals. The model is feedforward controller in contrast to feedback controller. The properties of the model are investigated and evaluated using it to simulated pole-balancing problem. To be as realistic as possible the pole-balancing simulation is implemented using Webots robot simulation program. I will illustrate using the simulations that the model is capable of solving unstable control problems—despite the long delays in the signal transmission pathways. In addition to this it is illustrated how the model learns to utilize contextual information representing the state of environment in motor control. The past nine months I have worked on this study have been the most challenging and the most interesting time. These months have really been time of learning. During these days I have learnt important skills and have gained a lot of self-confidence. I want to address a special word of thanks to my supervisor Harri Valpola. As an excellent supervisor he has not given me ready solutions but hints that have made it possible for me to invent and learn myself. I also want to thank my workmates Ville Mannari and Harm Aarts for interesting discussions and for helping me in troubles. I can never thank my family enough for understanding and encouraging me. Päivi, I am very grateful to you for standing next to me.
An Energetic Eruption With Associated SO 1.707 Micron Emissions at Io's Kanehekili Fluctus and a Brightening Event at Loki Patera Observed by JWST

We observed Io with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) while the satellite was in eclipse, and detected thermal emission from several volcanoes. The data were taken as part of our JWST‐ERS program #1373 on 15 November 2022. Kanehekili Fluctus was exceptionally bright, and Loki Patera had most likely entered a new brightening phase. Spectra were taken with NIRSpec/IFU at a resolving power R ≈ 2,700 between 1.65 and 5.3 µm. The spectra were matched by a combination of blackbody curves that showed that the highest temperature, ∼1,200 K, for Kanehekili Fluctus originated from an area ∼0.25 km2 in size, and for Loki Patera this high temperature was confined to an area of ∼0.06 km2. Lower temperatures, down to 300 K, cover areas of ∼2,000 km2 for Kanehekili Fluctus, and ∼5,000 km2 for Loki Patera. We further detected the a1Δ ⇒ X3Σ− 1.707 µm rovibronic forbidden SO emission band complex over the southern hemisphere, which peaked at the location of Kanehekili Fluctus. This is the first time this emission has been seen above an active volcano, and suggests that the origin of such emissions is ejection of SO molecules directly from the vent in an excited state, after having been equilibrated at temperatures of ∼1,500 K below the surface, as was previously hypothesized.
Glycemic variability correlates with medial temporal lobe atrophy and decreased cognitive performance in patients with memory deficits

Background In the past, researchers have observed a significant link between glycemia and dementia. Medial temporal atrophy (MTA) is regarded as a common marker of dementia. The correlation between glycemic variability and MTA is unclear, and it has not been determined whether glycemic variability can be utilized as a biomarker of MTA and cognitive performance. Methods The patients in a memory clinic who underwent brain MRI scans and cognitive assessments within the first week of their hospital visit, were enrolled. All participants underwent three fasting blood glucose and one HBA1c assessments on three self-selected days within 1 week of their first visit. The variability independent of the mean (VIM) was employed. Validated visual scales were used to rate the MTA results. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scales were employed to assess the cognitive functions of the participants. Spearman’s correlation and regression models were used to examine the relationship between the MMSE and MoCA scales, and also determine the link between the MRI characteristics and cognitive status, where vascular risk factors, educational status, age, gender, and mean glucose parameters served as covariates. Results Four hundred sixty-one subjects completed the MMSE scale, while 447 participants completed the MoCA scale. Data analysis revealed that 47.72% of the participants were men (220/461), and the median age of the patients was 69.87 ± 5.37 years. The findings of Spearman’s correlation analysis exhibited a strong negative relationship between the VIM and MMSE score (r = −0.729, P < 0.01), and the MoCA score (r = −0.710, P < 0.01). The VIM was regarded as an independent risk factor for determining cognitive impairment in both the MMSE and MoCA assessments. The results were unaffected by sensitivity analysis. In addition, a non-linear relationship was observed between the VIM and MTA scores. Conclusion The variability in the blood glucose levels, which was presented as VIM, was related to the reduced cognitive function, which was reflected by MMSE and MoCA scales. The relationship between the VIM and the MTA score was non-linear. The VIM was positively related to the MTA score when the VIM was less than 2.42.
The magnetically driven plasma jet produces a pressure of 33 GPa on PTS

We report on experiments in which a magnetically driven plasma jet was used to hit a 500 μm thick planar aluminum target. The plasma jet was produced by using a 50 μm thick aluminum radial foil, which was subjected to 4 MA, 90 ns rising time current on the primary test stand pulsed power facility. The subsequent magnetic bubbles propagate with radial velocity reaching 200 km/s and an axial velocity of 230 km/s. After the plasma knocks onto the target, a shock forms in the target. When the shock gets to the backside of the target, we measure the velocity of the moving surface using dual laser heterodyne velocimetry. By using the Hugoniot relations, we know that the plasma jet produced a pressure of 33 GPa. According to the measured pressure and the velocity of the plasma jet, the density of the jet can be also roughly estimated.
Model diagnosis for setar time series

This paper discusses asymptotically distribution free (ADF) tests in selfexciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) models. We also consider the case when the two different line segments have no jump. These tests are based on a marked empirical process of the underlying residuals. The paper also discusses the asymptotic behavior of the residual empirical process and ADF tests for the error distribution. We find that under some mild conditions, the asymptotic null behavior of both of these processes does not depend on the preliminary estimator of the change point parameter. Moreover, somewhat surprisingly, the asymptotic behavior of the residual empirical process in these models is the same as in the one-sample location model, as long as the residuals are based on an asymptotically linear estimator of the line segment parameters. The paper also includes a simulation study analyzing the finite sample behavior of some of the proposed tests.
Optimal Vaccination Problems for the Stochastic SIR Model with Saturated Treatment

This paper is concerned with the control strategy by vaccination of the infectious disease spread in the pop-ulations consisting of the susceptible, the infected and the recovered (SIR). In the realistic spread of the infectious disease, changes in the environment and the weather cause some kinds of random ﬂuctuations in the infection and the recovery rates, etc. Moreover, medical facilities have generally the maximal capacity for treatment of diseases. Taking these facts into consider-ation, we propose the stochastic infectious model with vaccination and saturated treatment, and we consider the stochastic optimal vaccination problem for the SIR model with saturated treatment using the stochastic maximum principle and the four-step scheme.
Silicon Nanowire Charge Trapping Memory for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing

This work highlights the utilization of the floating body effect and charge-trapping/de-trapping phenomenon of a Silicon-nanowire (Si-nanowire) charge-trapping memory for an artificial synapse of neuromorphic computing application. Charge trapping/de-trapping in the nitride layer characterizes the long-term potentiation (LTP)/depression (LTD). The accumulation of holes in the potential well achieves short-term potentiation (STP) and controls the transition from STP to LTP. Also, the transition from STP to LTP is analyzed through gate length scaling and high-κ material (Al2O3) for blocking oxide. Furthermore, the conductance values of the device are utilized for system-level simulation. System-level hardware parameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for inference applications are evaluated and compared to a static random-access memory (SRAM) device and charge-trapping memory. The results confirm that the Si-nanowire transistor with better gate controllability has a high retention time for LTP states, consumes low power, and archives better accuracy (91.27%). These results make the device suitable for low-power neuromorphic applications.
Accurate Discrete Adjoint Approach for Optimal Active Separation Control

This paper presents the development of an accurate and robust discrete adjoint approach for the optimization of active flow control mechanism. The adjoint solver is developed by applying algorithmic differentiation techniques to an incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. Coupled with a quasi-Newton gradient-search optimization algorithm, its applicability is demonstrated by finding the optimal synthetic jet actuation on the suction side of the NACA 4412 airfoil at a Reynolds number Re=106 and angle of incidence of 20 deg. Numerical results have shown that the actuation sensitivities based on the unsteady discrete adjoint solver are in excellent agreement with the values obtained from the tangent-linear solver and finite differences. Compared to the stalled baseline flow, optimal actuated flow significantly increased the time-averaged lift by 54%, and the stall is delayed from 16 to 22 deg. A detailed analysis of sensitivities and the effect of optimal actuation on the separation is.