Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Improvement of Smart Grid Security Performance and Blockchain Smart Grid Perspective

Interest in green energy has increased worldwide. Therefore, smart grid projects to form a more efficient and eco-friendly intelligent grid by combining information technology (IT) technology with the existing grid are actively being conducted. In Korea, a national-level smart grid project road map has been confirmed, and an action plan has been prepared. Despite such actions, there may appear various threat scenarios in the application of the IT to the grid as a reverse function. Security technology is a measure to respond to such threats effectively. The security technology of a smart grid is an important factor that is directly related to the success or failure of the smart grid project. A smart grid is a new type of next-generation grid born of the fusion with IT. If the smart grid, the backbone of the power supply, is damaged by a cyberattack, it may cause huge damage, such as a nationwide power outage. In fact, there is an increasing cyberattack threat, and the cyber security threat to the smart grid is not insignificant. Furthermore, the legal system related to information protection is also important in order to support it systematically. In this paper, the necessity of the smart grid is examined, and the industry’s initiative toward the smart grid security threat and threat response is examined. In this paper, we also suggest a security plan of applying Rainbowchain, the Blockchain technology, to the smart grid and energy exchange. We propose achieving superior performance and security functions by using Rainbowchain, which contains seven authentication techniques among existing Blockchain technologies, and propose the ecosystem and architecture necessary for its application.
Early and Mid-Cretaceous Aristolochiaceous Seeds from Portugal and Eastern North America

Premise of research. The fossil record of Aristolochiaceae (Piperales, magnoliids) is sparse, particularly from Cretaceous strata. Fossil seeds from the Early and mid-Cretaceous of Portugal and North America provide the earliest unequivocal documentation of the group. Methodology. Detailed morphological and anatomical investigations of the fossil aristolochiaceous seeds were carried out using SEM and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM). Comparison with other seeds, extinct as well as extant, was based on published data and SRXTM analyses. Pivotal results. Two new genera and two new species, Aristospermum huberi and Siratospermum mauldinense, are described based on fossil seeds from the Early and mid-Cretaceous of Portugal and North America. The seeds are anatropous and bitegmic, with the micropyle formed by the inner integument. The testa consists of an exotesta of varied thickness and an endotesta of crystalliferous cells. The tegmen is three cell layers thick and consists of an outermost layer of longitudinally aligned fibers, a middle layer of transversely aligned fibers perpendicular to the longitudinal fibers, and an inner layer of thin-walled cuboidal cells. In most seeds the exotesta is abraded, exposing the crystalliferous cells of the endotesta. Among extant plants, a similar seed coat with a crystalliferous endotesta and crossing fibers in the tegmen is unique to Aristolochiaceae. Conclusion. The unique seed coat allows Aristospermum and Siratospermum to be assigned confidently to the lineage that today includes extant Aristolochiaceae. Aristospermum and Siratospermum provide the first unequivocal documentation of the Aristolochiaceae lineage of the Piperales during the Early Cretaceous diversification of angiosperms.
Cálculo numérico de las propiedades térmicas efectivas de un compuesto por elementos finitos

The development of new methods for determining the thermal properties of composite materials is always in constant progress. This study proposes a one-dimensional method for the numerical calculation of effective thermal conductivity and diffusivity in heterogeneous solid materials (composite), between [10--20 °C], using the program Solidworks 2016, which is based on the method of Finite Element Calculation. First, the temperature distribution is obtained as a function of the coordinate and time; then, the theoretical model, the Parabolic Heat Diffusion Equation in one dimension, is adjusted to the data obtained in the simulation to obtain the solution. Initially, the temperature distribution in a homogeneous solid copper bar, known material, is modeled under a constant heat flux at $x = L$, yielding thermal conductivity and diffusivity values in accordance with those reported in the literature, with a relative error of 0.01% and 0.7% respectively. Then, the temperature distribution is modeled in a heterogeneous solid bar based on copper (65.7%)--lead (34.3%) and, under the same heat flow condition, the simulated values of temperature in function of the time with which the effective thermal conductivity and diffusivity of this compound are calculated. The obtained results show consistency and reliability because they are within the range established by previous studies.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PLTU TELUK SIRIH 100 MEGAWATT PADA SISTEM SUMATERA BAGIAN TENGAH

Masalah listrik menjadi polemik yang berkepanjangan dan memunculkan berbagai kondisi dalam kehidupan manusia. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa listrik telah menjadi bagian yang sangat penting bagi umat manusia. Dengan tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk setiap tahun, maka kebutuhan akan listrik juga bertambah. Dengan demikian, pembangkit listrik yang sudah ada tidak mampu mencukupi kebutuhan tersebut. Penambahan pembangkit menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kebutuhan akan listrik. Penambahan pembangkit ini akan mempengaruhi sistem yang sudah ada. Untuk itu, diperlukan studi aliran daya untuk mengetahui dampak yang akan ditimbulkan pada sistem karena adanya penambahan pembangkit baru. Tugas akhir ini membahas tentang pengaruh penambahan PLTU Teluk Sirih 100 Megawatt pada Sistem Sumatera Bagian Tengah. Penambahan pembangkit tersebut akan mempengaruhi parameter-parameter listrik berupa tegangan, sudut tegangan, daya dan rugi-rugi saluran pada sistem tersebut. Penambahan pembangkit ini menyebabkan perubahan tegangan, peningkatan aliran daya pada saluran dan peningkatan rugi-rugi daya pada saluran transmisi pada sistem Sumatera Bagian Tengah.
Functional Characterization of the Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Synthase Gene ptMGD2 in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant polar lipid in thylakoid membrane, wherein it plays critical roles related to thylakoid membrane assembly and function in diatoms. However, diatom MGDG biosynthesis has not been fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of a novel MGDG synthase (ptMGD2), which is one of the key enzymes for MGDG biosynthesis, in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. An analysis of subcellular localization demonstrated that the ptMGD2 is mainly localized in plastids. Gene disruption by gene editing of ptMGD2 resulted in delayed growth, decrease in oxygen evolution rate, reduced MGDG and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (using MGDG as the substrate) content as well as lipid remodeling. Considered together, these observations provide novel insights into the importance of ptMGD2 for regulating MGDG biosynthesis and its potential roles in biotechnical application of Phaeodactylum.
The Recent Progress of Lithography Machine and the State-of-art Facilities

With the rapid development of industrial intelligent manufacturing and electronic information technology, the importance of integrated circuits has grown fast. Photolithography, as the core technology of integrated circuit industry, has become a key research target for researchers all over the world. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to photolithography as well as an outlook on the future development direction. Firstly, the key metric of lithography system, which is resolution, and how it relates to lithographic performance is analyzed. Secondly, some exposure methods developed on UV and DUV light sources are discussed, which are commonly used in the industry nowadays. Subsequently, this paper presents the structure and performance of some representative lithography equipment. Then, some summarizations are completed about the most recent advances in EUV lithography and high NA lithography. Finally, we examine the limitations of current lithography and forecast the future of lithography. The goal of this paper is to provide a guide on lithography equipment, particularly the most advanced products available nowadays. Additionally, some potential challenges that photolithography may face in its future development are highlighted, and some perspectives on how photolithography will evolve over the next decade are provided. These results shed light on guiding the future development direction of lithography machine as well as ways to push Moore’s law even further.
Integrated model control of brake–wheel system using bond graph method

Brake system is an important actuator of most active safety systems equipped on vehicles. It combines with the wheel to make vehicle decelerate and finally stop it. Moreover, brake system is an electronic, mechanical, and hydraulic hybrid system; it contains some highly nonlinear characters, which is a challenge to system control. In this article, an integrated model of brake system and single-wheel system using bond graph method is developed, in which the nonlinear characters of the volumetric compliance effect of brake fluid and the resistance effect of valves are taken into consideration. The accuracy and reliability of the brake system is verified by experiment. Nonlinear sliding-mode controller as well as sliding-mode observer is proposed. The controller is used to modulate inlet and outlet valves control signals according to the vehicle states, which will lead to cancel the usage of wheel cylinder pressure sensors. The controller is analyzed by different tire–road friction coefficient conditions. The results show that the proposed integrated bond graph model is accurate, and the nonlinear sliding-mode control is reliable on valves control signal regulation.
Pseudodictamnus africanus (L.) Salmaki & Siadati (Lamiaceae): Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties

Pseudodictamnus africanus (L.) Salmaki & Siadati is a perennial herb which naturally occurs in Namibia and South Africa. Southern Africa is characterized by several indigenous medicinal plants and natural products that are widely used in traditional materia medica. However, there is dearth of information on botanical description, medicinal uses, plant parts used, preparation and dosage, active ingredients and pharmacological effects of medicinal plants like P. africanus in the public domain. Therefore, this study reviewed the medicinal uses, active bioactives and biological activities of P. africanus. A systematic review of electronic databases and pre-electronic sources with information on the botany, medicinal uses, herbal preparations, active bioactives and pharmacological effects of P. africanus was conducted. No time limit was set for the research and all literature sources aligned with the scope of the research were included. This study showed that P. africanus is used as traditional medicine for liver problems, sores, wounds, heart problems, hysteria, skin ailments, headache, insomnia, fever, typhoid fever and respiratory problems. Pharmacological research identified hispanolone, dehydrohispanolone, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, reducing sugars, resveratrol, triterpene steroids and essential oils. The crude extracts of P. africanus and essential oils isolated from the species exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, immunological and sedative-hypnotic activities. More research is needed to assert the medicinal and ethnopharmacological properties of the crude extracts of P. africanus and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species, and also determine the toxicological effects of the species and its phytochemical compounds.
A phase II study of neoadjuvant capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (XELOXIRI) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

Addition of perioperative multi‐agent chemotherapy to the treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) may be a promising option. We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin and irinotecan (XELOXIRI) as triplet neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with LARC.
Scheduling Under Uncertainty for Industry 4.0 and 5.0

This article provides a review about how uncertainties in increasingly complex production and supply chains should be addressed in scheduling tasks. Uncertainty management will be particularly important in Industry 5.0 solutions that will require the close integration of operators and technical systems. To prepare for these challenging developments, this work reviews the sources of uncertainty and the scheduling algorithms that deal with the different types of models developed to handle the uncertain nature of the elements and the environment of complex technological systems. The paper not only identifies the challenges, but also the main building blocks that can help to manage and reduce uncertainties based on the I4.0 and I5.0 solutions. We hope that this study will serve as a starting point for R&D projects and algorithm developments, which will be needed primarily in the field of multi-agent, multistage and inverse optimizations.
Social-Based Congestion-Aware Multicast in Delay Tolerant Networks

In a post-disaster environment, due to incidental destruction and damages, conventional infrastructures for communication networks and power grid are mostly unavailable. In such scenarios, delay/ disruption tolerant networking may be considered as an alternative communication paradigm for exchanging messages among the victims, field workers and centralized authorities. Congestion-aware routing is imperative in such applications, because rescue and relief messages are often required to be delivered with high delivery ratio, low latency and packet drop. In delay/disruption tolerant networks (DTNs), though various social networking concepts have been exploited in recent literature for relay selection in routing, their applications in the design of congestion control mechanisms are found to be limited. In this paper, we address the joint problem of minimum relay usage and effective congestion control for efficient multicasting in DTNs. For this, a popular social-based metric, called centrality is considered. Further, we formulate the above problem of relay selection as a bi-objective optimization problem under the constraints of delivery time, delivery ratio and residual energy of the nodes. The problem is shown to be NP-hard and a heuristic is proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulation using ONE simulator are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme considering real-life node-mobility map from a disaster-hit region. Comparison with a recent scheme in the literature is also presented. Results show that our proposed scheme is buffer space-saving and outperforms the competing scheme by selecting relays efficiently.
Retrospective Investigation in Horses with Encephalitis Reveals Unnoticed Circulation of West Nile Virus in Brazil

During these past years, several studies have provided serological evidence regarding the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil. Despite some reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the country. Recently, genomic monitoring activities in horses revealed the circulation of WNV in several Brazilian regions. These findings on the paucity of genomic data reinforce the need for prompt investigation of WNV infection in horses, which may precede human cases of encephalitis in Brazil. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively screened 54 suspicious WNV samples collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses with encephalitis and generated three new WNV genomes from the Ceará and Bahia states, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The Bayesian reconstruction revealed that at least two independent introduction events occurred in Brazil. The first introduction event appears to be likely related to the North American outbreak, and was estimated to have occurred in March 2013.The second introduction event appears to have occurred in September 2017 and appears to be likely related to the South American outbreak. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing the priority of WNV genomic monitoring in equines with encephalitis in order to track the dispersion of this emerging pathogen through the country.
Efficacy of Combined Use of Everolimus and Second-Generation Pan-EGRF Inhibitors in KRAS Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Background: EGFR mutations are present in approximately 15–50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which are predictive of anti-EGFR therapies. At variance, NSCLC patients harboring KRAS mutations are resistant to those anti-EGFR approaches. Afatinib and allitinib are second-generation pan-EGFR drugs, yet no predictive biomarkers are known in the NSCLC context. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of pan-EGFR inhibitors in a panel of 15 lung cancer cell lines associated with the KRAS mutations phenotype. Methods: KRAS wild-type sensitive NCI-H292 cell line was further transfected with KRAS mutations (p.G12D and p.G12S). The pan-EGFR inhibitors’ activity and biologic effect of KRAS mutations were evaluated by cytotoxicity, MAPK phospho-protein array, colony formation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. In addition, in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed in KRAS mutant cell lines. The gene expression profile was evaluated by NanoString. Lastly, everolimus and pan-EGFR combinations were performed to determine the combination index. Results: The GI50 score classified two cell lines treated with afatinib and seven treated with allitinib as high-sensitive phenotypes. All KRAS mutant cell lines demonstrated a resistant profile for both therapies (GI50 < 30%). The protein array of KRAS edited cells indicated a significant increase in AKT, CREB, HSP27, JNK, and, importantly, mTOR protein levels compared with KRAS wild-type cells. The colony formation, migration, invasion, adhesion, tumor perimeter, and mesenchymal phenotype were increased in the H292 KRAS mutated cells. Gene expression analysis showed 18 dysregulated genes associated with the focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling correlated in KRAS mutant cell lines. Moreover, mTOR overexpression in KRAS mutant H292 cells was inhibited after everolimus exposure, and sensitivity to afatinib and allitinib was restored. Conclusions: Our results indicate that allitinib was more effective than afatinib in NSCLC cell lines. KRAS mutations increased aggressive behavior through upregulation of the focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling in NSCLC cells. Significantly, everolimus restored sensibility and improved cytotoxicity of EGFR inhibitors in the KRAS mutant NSCLC cell lines.
Multiagent Collaborative Learning for UAV Enabled Wireless Networks

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technique provides a potential solution to scalable wireless edge networks. This paper uses two UAVs, with accelerated motions and fixed altitudes, to realize a wireless edge network, where one UAV forwards downlink signals to user terminals (UTs) distributed over an area while the other one collects uplink data. The conditional average achievable rates, as well as their lower bounds, of both the uplink and downlink transmission are derived considering the active probability of UTs and the service queues of two UAVs. In addition, a problem aiming to maximize the energy efficiency of the whole system is formulated, which takes into account communication related energy and propulsion energy consumption. Then, we develop a novel multi-agent Q-learning (MA-QL) algorithm to maximize the energy efficiency, through optimizing the trajectory and transmit power of the UAVs. Finally, simulation results are conducted to verify our analysis and examine the impact of different parameters on the downlink and uplink achievable rates, UAV energy consumption, and system energy efficiency. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieves much higher energy efficiency than other benchmark schemes.
Evaluation of the use of CRISPR loci for discrimination of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains recovered in Canada and comparison with other subtyping methods

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis remains one of the most important foodborne pathogens worldwide. To minimise its public health impact when outbreaks of the disease occur, timely investigation to identify and recall the contaminated food source is necessary. Central to this approach is the need for rapid and accurate identification of the bacterial subtype epidemiologically linked to the outbreak. While traditional methods of S. Enteritidis subtyping, such as pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage typing (PT), have played an important role, the clonal nature of this organism has spurred efforts to improve subtyping resolution and timeliness through molecular based approaches. This study uses a cohort of 92 samples, recovered from a variety of sources, to compare these two traditional methods for S. Enteritidis subtyping with recently developed molecular techniques. These latter methods include the characterisation of two clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci, either in isolation or together with sequence analysis of virulence genes such as fimH. For comparison, another molecular technique developed in this laboratory involved the scoring of 60 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed throughout the genome. Based on both the number of subtypes identified and Simpson's index of diversity, the CRISPR method was the least discriminatory and not significantly improved with the inclusion of fimH gene sequencing. While PT analysis identified the most subtypes, the SNP-PCR process generated the greatest index of diversity value. Combining methods consistently improved the number of subtypes identified, with the SNP/CRISPR typing scheme generating a level of diversity comparable with that of PT/PFGE. While these molecular methods, when combined, may have significant utility in real-world situations, this study suggests that CRISPR analysis alone lacks the discriminatory capability required to support investigations of foodborne disease outbreaks.
DELAYED HEADING DATE3, Encoding a Heat Shock Transcription Factor, Delays Flowering Time and Improves Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Heading date is an essential agronomic trait that affects adaptability and yield in rice (Oryza sativa). HSFs (heat shock transcription factors) are a type of transcription factor that responds to environmental stress in organisms. The relationship between the heading date and HSFs has been seldom reported so far. Here, we identified a new heat shock transcription factor, named DELAYED HEADING DATE3 (DHD3), which can significantly delay the heading date by about 14 days and provide improvements of about 77% potential yield in rice. DHD3 protein is localized in the nucleus and has weak transactivation activity. DHD3 delays the heading date by significantly suppressing Hd3a and RFT1 expression under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions. Furthermore, the low-temperature condition greatly enhances the delay effect of DHD3 on the heading date (from 16.1% to more than 89.3%). We propose that DHD3 may involve the temperature-regulated signaling pathway of flowering time in rice and has the potential to improve crop yield.