Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in the National Football League: A Systematic Video Review

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among American football athletes, although few studies have performed video analyses of ACL injuries to better understand the injury mechanism. This work aims to characterize the mechanism of ACL injury during professional football competitions using video analysis. We hypothesize that football-specific injury trends will emerge, including high rates of contact injuries and associations with shallow knee and hip flexion angles (0°-30°). Methods Videos of professional football players suffering ACL injuries from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. Injured players were identified using the injured reserve (IR) lists of the National Football League (NFL), and videos were discovered via a systematic Google search. Descriptive statistics and frequency analyses were performed on all variables using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA). Results Of the 429 ACL injuries identified, 53 (12%) videos were available. Deceleration was the most common injury maneuver, present in 32 (60%) athletes. Thirty-one (58%) players suffered contact injuries. Twenty-eight (53%) injuries demonstrated valgus collapse of the knee, and 26 (49%) had neutral knee rotation. Defensive backs (26%) and wide receivers (23%) were the most frequently injured positions. Conclusion Overall, we found that most ACL injuries had preceding contact, deceleration, shallow hip and knee flexion, and heel strike, and subsequent valgus collapse and neutral knee rotation. This understanding of American football-specific ACL tear mechanisms could help direct the focus of future injury prevention training modalities.
A Soluble Quasi-Crystalline Magnetic Model: The XY Quantum Spin Chain

We consider the quantum XY spin chain with quasi-periodic two-valued exchange couplings and a uniform transverse field. The equivalence of the system with a free fermionic model permits a detailed analysis of its thermodynamics. The zero-temperature magnetization is a Cantor function of the applied field. The zero-field specific heat and susceptibility have a power-law behaviour at low temperature, modulated by periodic amplitudes. The critical exponents interpolate continuously between those of the periodic and of the random model.
Assessment of the efficacy of a video-based hybrid teaching module of oxygen therapy and critical care area troubleshooting in nursing professionals managing COVID-19 patients

BACKGROUND: Video-based teaching has become rapidly popular during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of a hybrid video-based teaching module of oxygen therapy and critical care troubleshooting in nursing professionals managing COVID-19 patients in our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analytical study (pretest and posttest design) was conducted in our medical education department in March 2022 using the data from a workshop conducted on oxygen therapy and critical care area troubleshooting during COVID-19 patient management for 296 nursing professionals. A hybrid video-based teaching module was used. Pretest and posttest data were compared along with subgroup analysis. P value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Posttest scores were significantly higher than the baseline scores in the overall group as well as in all subgroups (P < 0.001). Subgroup comparisons revealed no significant difference in mean baseline pretest and posttest scores in male versus female participants. Baseline pretest scores (P = 0.02) and posttest scores (P = 0.08) were lower in the nurses of the noncritical areas compared to critical area nurses. Mean improvement in posttest score compared to baseline score was similar between all groups. CONCLUSION: Hybrid technique involving both video aspects and in-person teacher presence for demonstration or troubleshooting improves perceived knowledge in nursing professionals with some prior formal training and may be superior to the conventional only didactic/lecture-based demonstrations, especially in the context of imparting rapid training during pandemics or similar urgent situations.
On asymptotic stability and instability with respect to a fading stochastic perturbation

We develop necessary and sufficient conditions for the a.s. asymptotic stability of solutions of a scalar, non-linear stochastic equation with state-independent stochastic perturbations that fade in intensity. These conditions are formulated in terms of the intensity function: roughly speaking, we show that as long as the perturbations fade quicker than some identifiable critical rate, the stability of the underlying deterministic equation is unaffected. These results improve on those of Chan and Williams; for example, we remove the monotonicity requirement on the drift coefficient and relax it on the intensity of the stochastic perturbation. We also employ different analytic techniques.
The deprojection of axisymmetric galaxies

In this paper we prove that, for a class of three-dimensional axisymmetric density distributions expressible as a finite sum of spherical harmonics, the deprojection problem with known inclination can be solved analytically to yield a unique solution. Assuming that the true density distribution of an axisymmetric galaxy can be represented by a smooth, square integrable function of position, we can represent it, to within arbitrary accuracy, by such a finite sum. Our result is in apparent contradiction with the Fourier slice theorem, and we rederive the result in terms of Fourier space. From this we argue that the above assumptions on the density distribution force strong constraints on its Fourier transform, which preclude information being hidden in the cone of ignorance
Pattern Formation in Networks of Nonlinear Systems with Delay Couplings

Abstract This paper considers pattern formation in networks of identical nonlinear systems with time-delays. First of all, applying the harmonic balance methods, we derive the corresponding harmonic balance equations for networks of identical nonlinear systems with delay couplings. Then, solving the equations by reducing to the stability problem of linear retarded systems, we can estimate the oscillation profile such as the frequency, amplitudes and phases of coupled systems. Based on this analysis method, we also develop a design method of networks of nonlinear systems that can achieve a prescribed oscillation profile. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is shown by numerical examples.
Antiprotozoal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf and Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Kart extracts against Blastocystis hominis

Background and Aim: Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoan in humans and animals. The parasite causes mild-to-severe intestinal complications, such as diarrhea, in healthy humans and immunocompromised hosts. This study aimed to determine the antiprotozoal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf and Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Kart extracts against B. hominis. Materials and Methods: Antiprotozoal activity of B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts against B. hominis subtype 3 was determined using the erythrosin B exclusion assay, confirmed by a time-kill study. The morphology of the parasite treated with the extracts was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The phytochemicals present in B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Results: Both B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts demonstrated strong antiprotozoal activity with similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 μg/mL. At 4× MIC and 8× MIC, both B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts, and metronidazole inhibited the growth of B. hominis by up to 90% after 12 h treatment. Blastocystis hominis cells treated with B. rotunda extract, G. lucidum extract, and metronidazole were deformed and withered when compared with the control. Geraniol and versalide were found as the main compounds in B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate the potential medicinal benefits of B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts in the growth inhibition of B. hominis.
Robust H ∞ Filtering for 2-D Discrete Roesser Systems

This paper tackles the H ∞ ﬁltering problem for 2-D discrete systems. The approach is based on the Roesser model. The objective is to propose a new design with suf-ﬁcient condition via LMI formulations. Less conservative results are obtained by introducing additional free parameters by using the Finsler’s Lemma. This method provides extra degree of freedom in optimization of the H ∞ performance. The efﬁciency of the proposed approach is shown by several examples.
On the theory of an electrostatic pendulum oscillator

An electrostatic pendulum oscillator was theoretically analyzed. In this theory, infinitely large electrodes are assumed, so that the electric force can be approximated by a constant for small angles of pendulum motion. The charge acquired by a sphere was calculated by both approximation and numerical method. Then the relationship between applied voltage and frequency was obtained, which might be approximated by a linear relation at higher voltage. The theory was compared with the experimental results of Martin and Longbrake. Even though the electrode configuration is different, the theory agreed reasonably well with the experimental data. Further improvement of the theory is suggested.
Exploring grain size as a cause for “dead-layer” effects in thin film capacitors

Pulsed laser deposition was used to make a series of Au/Ba0.5Sr0. 5TiO3 (BST)/SrRuO3/MgO thin film capacitors with dielectric thickness ranging from ∼15 nm to ∼1 μm. Surface grain size of the dielectric was monitored as a function of thickness using both atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Grain size data were considered in conjunction with low field dielectric constant measurements. It was observed that the grain size decreased with decreasing thickness in a manner similar to the dielectric constant. Simple models were developed in which a functionally inferior layer at the grain boundary was considered as responsible for the observed dielectric behavior. If a purely columnar microstructure was assumed, then constant thickness grain-boundary dead layers could indeed reproduce the series capacitor dielectric response observed, even though such layers would contribute electrically in parallel with unaffected bulk-like BST. Best fits indicated that the dead layers would have a relat.
Computer simulations of environmental influences on galaxy evolution in dense clusters. I. Ram-pressure stripping

The controversy over ram-pressure stripping as a mechanism responsible for transforming spiral galaxies into SO systems in dense galaxy cluster cores remains unresolved, despite considerable attention in recent years. SO galaxies differ from spirals in being composed of older, redder stars; in having negligible interstellar gas and current star formation; and in exhibiting systematically larger bulge-to-disk ratios, both in clusters and in the field. Whereas the first two of these disparities are natural consequences of any efficient gas removal process, the difference in bulge-to-disk ratio is more difficult to comprehend.
Clinicopathological Spectrum of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Pakistan Population: A Single-Center Study

Background B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common malignancy worldwide and in the Pakistani population. In our population, there was limited information regarding the clinicopathological characteristics of B-cell NHL. This study assessed the disease spectrum and most prevalent subtypes of B-cell NHL. Methodology An analysis of 548 cases was conducted in this cross-sectional study between January 2021 and September 2022, using a non-probability consecutive sampling approach. Patient age, gender, site of involvement, and diagnosis were documented according to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue, published in 2018. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, Armonk, NY). Results The mean age of the patients was 47.73±20.44 years. There were 369 males (67.34%) and 179 females (32.66%). The most prevalent type of B-cell NHL was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (58.94%), followed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (13.14%), Burkitt lymphoma (9.85%), and precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (5.11%). In contrast to low-grade B-cell NHL (22.99%), high-grade B-cell NHL was more common (77.01%). Nodal involvement was observed in 62.04% of cases. The cervical region was the most common nodal site of involvement (62.04%), and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was the most common extranodal site (48.29%). Conclusion The incidence of B-cell NHL is higher in older age groups. The most common nodal site was the cervical region, whereas the extranodal site was the GIT. The most reported subtype was DLBCL, followed by CLL/SLL, and Burkitt lymphoma. The prevalence of high-grade B-cell NHL is higher than that of low-grade B-cell NHL.
Thermosphere dynamics: Contributions from the first 5 years of the Dynamics Explorer Program

Instrumentation flown on the Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE-2) spacecraft enabled the dynamics of both the neutral and the ionized components of the earth's upper atmosphere to be monitored over the lifetime of the spacecraft, from August 1981 to February 1983. The direct measurements of global thermospheric vector neutral winds and ion drifts were supplemented by observations of neutral and ionic constituent abundances and temperatures, precipitating particle fluxes and pitch angle distributions, electric and magnetic fields, and global-scale auroral luminosity distributions. Analysis of this unique and comprehensive global data base has led to advances in our understanding of the manner in which the earth's thermosphere responds dynamically to the insertion of energy and momentum. We review the scientific progress achieved over the past 5 years through the efforts of members of the Dynamics Explorer science team and the other interested scientists who have used the DE data base to investigate the dynamical response of the thermosphere. 135 references.
Test charge potentials in turbulent plasmas

The potential of stationary test charge in a uniform quiescent Maxwellian plasma decreases exponentially at distances larger than the Debye length. The possibility that the potential may decrease in a significantly different manner in a turbulent plasma was investigated. The far field potential in a weakly turbulent magnetized plasma was derived, in order to calculate collision frequencies. The effects of turbulence on the scattering of laser light by plasmas is also discussed.
Computation of the minimum destabilizing volume for interval and affine families of polynomials

We study the computation of the minimum destabilizing volume for interval and polytopic families of polynomials. Roughly speaking, this is equivalent to determining the smallest box in parameter space which contains unstable polynomials. This new concept is an alternative to the robustness margin for the case when the radii of the box are unknown but only a lower bound for each of them is given. As stated, this problem requires the solution of a nonlinear optimization problem. We show that via a proper reformulation, it can be recast as a one-dimensional optimization problem which requires, at each step, checking a vertex condition. It is interesting to observe that the vertices involved are artificially constructed and they do not correspond to the vertices of the box in parameter space. Finally, we show that in the case of interval polynomials the number of vertices required is linear in the number of uncertain parameters while in the polytopic case this number may be not polynomial in the worst case. An example concludes the paper.
Strings and superspace

The scale-invariant superspace formulation of d = 10 Einstein-Yang-Mills system is considered which gives a most economical and clear presentation of the full on-shell content of the theory. Discussion of supersymmetric higher order corrections to the effective action of string theory is based on the corresponding supergeometry. A geometrical formulation of the heterotic string theory in superspace with 10 + 496 bosonic and 16 fermionic coordinates is presented. Minimal constraints on this superspace are found which provide the local fermionic and two types of bosonic world-sheet symmetries of the heterotic string. The relation between this superspace and the anomaly-free d = 10 Einstein-Yang-Mills supergravity is discussed. The existence of a self-dual world-sheet torsion, which is required by the world-sheet symmetries, explains the geometrical origin of the absence of right movers in the gauge degrees of freedom of the heterotic string. The action of the heterotic string in the full curved background has a particularly simple form: .
THE IMPORTANCE OF YOUTH SPORT CAMPS FOR SUSTAINABLE (TOURISM) DEVELOPMENT

When discussing tourism nowadays, one word should be added as a supplement - ‘development’. What seems to be even more important is the term ‘sustainability’. In the sense of sport tourism and sport development, we could consider sport camps and their role in sustainable (tourism) development. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of establishing sport camps in the sense of sustainable (tourism) development and to educate all participants (children and young people at first) on how to act in the most responsible way. There is not much research related to sport camps and their role in sustainable (tourism) development – generally speaking they are connected with younger generations and the school age, and the idea is to establish sport camps for those who are young enough and want to learn how to behave in a responsible way through sport, games, etc. Sport tourism should fill the gap between development and responsibility; on the other hand, sustainability and responsible behaviour of all participants should be an imperative. Sport camps could be good basis for a better understanding of sustainable (tourism) development. The aim of this study is to provide a review on the connection between youth sport camps and sustainability through education of all the participants.
Effect of dense planer focal plane array on device performances

As the technologies in focal plane array (FPA) progresses, the industry is pushing for smaller pixel size and spacing between the pixels. The reduction in pixel size and spacing will increase both the resolution and fill factor which reduces the cost and increases the performance. However, as the density of the array elements increases, the crosstalk between the nearest neighboring pixels become a significant issue. Here we examine the case for a planer FPA with epitaxially grown NIN+ structure and the planer junctions are formed by diffusing P-type dopant into the N doped layer. We first examine the possible spacing by considering the lateral depletion region width to set the upper boundary for the spacing. The depletion region width is calculated by solving Poisson’s equation for Gaussian doping profile and the isolation of adjacent pixel is dependent on the formation of the back to back diodes to block the current flowing towards the device. Therefore overlap of the depletion regions indicates shorting and sets the minimum possible spacing for this structure. The electrical and optical crosstalks are modeled by using a DC resistive model to gauge the effect of current flow as the spacing reduces. Series of device arrays with various device pitches and device sizes ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm with device pitch from 5.5 μm to 15 μm are fabricated and tested under both dark and illumination conditions for their electrical performances including the crosstalk. The simulated and measured results will be presented.
24 Micron Properties of X-Ray-selected Active Galactic Nuclei

We examine the 24 μm to X-ray color of 157 X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as a function of X-ray obscuration and optical classification in the Chandra Deep Field-South. The sample consists of the Chandra hard-band detections with 2-8 keV flux above 10-15 ergs s-1 cm-2. A deep 24 μm mosaic obtained with Spitzer provides mid-infrared fluxes for the sample. Since obscured AGNs locally have higher 24 μm/2-8 keV flux ratios than unobscured AGNs, and since X-ray background models predict a large population of obscured AGNs, we expect to find many X-ray-hard, IR-bright AGNs. Instead, we find that the 24 μm to X-ray flux ratio does not depend on X-ray hardness in the full sample, nor does it differ between narrow- and broad-line AGNs. We identify five nearly Compton-thick AGNs and find they have similar 24 μm to X-ray flux ratios compared to the full sample. We consider AGNs in the narrow redshift spikes at z ∼ 0.7; for these AGNs, there is some evidence that the flux ratio increases with X-ray hardness. The redshift slice also shows an odd trend that is also prominent in the full sample: a group of X-ray-hard AGNs with very low 24 μm to X-ray flux ratios.
Subword complexes and 2-truncated cubes

For a Coxeter element $c$ of a finite Coxeter group, we consider a family of subword complexes parameterized by reduced expressions of the longest element. This family generalizes $c-$cluster complexes. We describe vertices of these complexes in terms of roots of the corresponding root system. We prove that dual polytopes of all such complexes are combinatorial 2-truncated cubes.
Impact of Different Crystalloids on the Blood Glucose Levels of Nondiabetic Patients Undergoing Major Elective Surgeries

Background This study aimed to compare intraoperative blood sugar level fluctuations between a group of patients receiving Ringer's lactate (RL) fluid as maintenance fluid and another group receiving 0.45% dextrose normal saline with 20 mmol/liter potassium. Materials and methods This randomized double-blind study was conducted on 68 nondiabetic patients undergoing elective major surgeries at R. Laxminarayanappa Jalappa Hospital, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, during the academic year from Jan 2021 to May 2022. Informed consent was obtained from these patients concerning their participation in this study. There were two groups of patients: Ringer lactate (RL) was administered to group A, and 0.45% dextrose normal saline and 20 mmol/L potassium chloride (KCl) were administered to group B. The vitals and blood glucose levels were measured among the patients. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically important. Results The mean age of the patients was found to be 43.60 ± 15 years, with comparable age and gender distribution between the groups. On comparison of the mean blood glucose levels immediately after induction was not important between the groups. The mean levels were comparable between the groups (p>0.05). After completion of the surgery, the mean blood glucose level significantly increased in group B patients when compared to those in group A (p<0.05). Conclusion The study found a substantial increase in intraoperative blood glucose levels among patients receiving 0.45% dextrose normal saline with 20 mmol/liter potassium instead of RL solution as maintenance fluid.