Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEPATITIS TYPE B PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

: Introduction: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) estimated to affect more than four hundred million people globally, involving around one million in the US. Those who get chronic hepatitis B die, on average, twenty two years earlier in comparison to those without HBV1 due to the serious complications of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. The effect of HBV is expected to expand in the face of immigration patterns into the US from highly endemic nations. In spite of the approval of many anti-viral medications, few patients are on treatment. There are several reasons behind this, involving the requirement for lifelong treatment, education and awareness of the disease in largely immigrant, non-English-speaking groups, under screening for the condition in primary care settings, and concerns regarding the requirement for liver biopsies to decide on the need for treatment in many patients. Guidelines for hepatitis B treatment have variable suggestions for the management of some phases of the disease, which can lead to confusion for practitioners. Aim work: this review, we will discuss Hepatitis type B Pathophysiology and management Methodology: We did a systematic search Hepatitis type B Pathophysiology and management using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles. Conclusions: Chronic infection with HBV continue to be a critical public health problem. management of hepatitis B is indicated in immune active patients, in those with cirrhosis or fulminant hepatitis B, in prevention of reactivation in HBV carriers who need immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapies, in pregnant others with high viral load, and in HIV/HBV coinfection. Many of the excellent anti-viral agents that are available require indefinite treatment; so, efforts are being conducted to approaches to improve functional cure rates and permit cessation of therapy. A true virologic cure for HBV is much more elusive, opposite to HCV, because of its highly stable latent form (HBV cccDNA). But, a rich array of viral and host targets is being explored for manipulation. It is probable that a multimodality approach will be important for the achievement of a functional and virologic cure.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS USING FEATURE SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS – A SURVEY

In today’s techno-savvy world people post their day to day emotions on the internet. With the commencement of social media platforms companies have started to use social media as fertile ground for sentiments and opinions. However the challenge is to make this influx of opinion into valuable information. Sentiment analysis is computationally identifying the opinions by categorizing a piece of text in positive and negative classes. Sentiment analysis is a popular area of research in data mining. This paper discusses various techniques, methods and viewpoint of various authors. INTRODUCTION With the advance of World Wide Web more and more people are expressing their views, comments, feedbacks reviews online. So we need to find a way to extract and analyse heaps of content into simple meaningful forms which can help in decision making. Today many companies have started using sentiment analysis as the basis of their marketing game plan. Researchers have developed automatic tools that hide the tiny intricate details of Sentiment analysis from the users and help them to find sentiments of users in a much convenient way. The term sentiment analysis perhaps first coined by Nasukawa and Yi in 2003[1], and opinion mining was first used by Dave, Lawrence and Pennock, in 2003[2]. Initially text mining [3], [4] focused on extracting factsfrom documents. Today, focus is opinion mining or sentiment analysis becauseof the availability of opinionated text in the form of reviews, blog posts, social media comments and more recently, tweets, also called User Generated Content (UGC). Fig 1 Process of sentiment analysis REVIEW ON TYPES OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS Sentiment analysis can be categorised into three parts as discussed below Document level It is the simplest form of analysis as it considers the whole document as its fundamental unit of information which is then classified for positives and negatives.Peter D. Turney, 2002[6]; Yan Zhao et al, 2014[7]; Richa Sharma et al, 2014[5] has worked a lot in document based sentiment analysis. Sentence Level Data Set
Brain and Gut Brain: Integrating Interactions in Health and Disease

reactions. Environmental stress, well elevated cytokines, activate this system, stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) the pituitary gland, to glands, the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) the hypothalamus. Cortisol is a stress hormone that has an impact a variety of human organs, including the brain. Thus, the brain can the actions of intestine functional effector cells Cajal interstitial cells, enterochromaffin cells by Abstract This a review study that purposed to explore the extent of integration between the microbiome in intestine and brain. This is achieved by the gut brain access (GBA). Interactions between gut brain (GB) and brain have been reported. Brain can impact the microbiome of intestine through GBA. This can affect the structure and functional properties of gut microbiome. On the other hand, gut microbiome can release neurotransmitters that impact the function of brain. Now, we are looking for the diseases from a complicated point of view, and better understanding of such interactions have become crucial to control diseases in future. Taken together, the present study showed that gut brain and the brain exchanges information that are processed and facilitated by microbiome in both intestine and brain. Controlling of microbiome is thought to be featured in the future as a therapeutic strategy that acts to improve pathogenicity of diseases.
Search Engine Optimization by Eliminating Duplicate Links

: uplicate content generally refers to substantive blocks of content within or across domains that either completely matches other content or is appreciably similar. Mostly, this is not deceptive in origin. Examples of non-malicious duplicate content could include: Discussion forums that can generate both regular and stripped-down pages targeted at mobile devices, Store items shown or linked via multiple distinct URLs, Printer-only versions of web pages. In some cases, content are deliberately duplicated across domains in an attempt to manipulate search engine rankings or win more traffic. Deceptive practices like this can result in a poor user experience, when a visitor sees substantially the same content repeated within a set of search results. To avoid these deceptions several methods are proposed in this paper to improve the efficiency of Search engine result page.
SimplifiedMethodsfor MeasuringCholesterolConcentrationsof High-DensityLipoproteinSubclassesin Serum Compared

We used a combination of micro-affinity column chromatography and hepatin-Mn2/dextran sulfate (DS) precipitationproceduresto measure directlythe total high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesteroland HDL3-cholesterol In serum. The value for HDL2-cholesterol was obtained by subtracting the value for HDL3-cholesterol from that for total HDL-cholesterol. Results of this methodology and of the original heparir-Mn2/DS double-precipitation method were compared with those of preparative uftracentrtfugatlon. Concentrations of HDL- HDL2-cholesterolby double-precipitationmethod 26 and 33 mg/I lower HDL3-cholesterol by ultracentrifugation and byprecipitationdiffered only by 7 (p >0.05). MIcro-affinity/precipitatIon and results both correlated well with those by ultracentrtfugatlon
Optimal Maintenance Time for Repairable Systems

A repairable system operates under a maintenance strategy that calls for complete preventive repair actions at prescheduled times and minimal repair actions whenever a failure occurs. Under minimal repair, failures are modeled according to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. When the intensity function is assumed to grow proportional to a power of time, this process is called the power law process. Assuming that the system will be in operation for an infinite time, we find the expected cost per unit of time for each preventive maintenance policy and hence obtain the optimal strategy as a function of the intensity function of the process. Large-sample procedures to estimate the optimal maintenance check points for the power law process are also discussed. The results are applied in a real data set concerning failures histories of power transformers.
PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY HARVESTING USING MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING ON A STAND ALONE SYSTEM BY Z-SOURCE INVERTER

-- The main aim of the paper Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for a photovoltaic energy harvesting system based on a off grid system by Z-source inverter.First it provides a brief review of Z-source inverters, MPPT methods and Model Predictive Control (MPC). Next it introduces the proposed model predictive based MPPT method. Conventionally by using hybrid system, the stability of the system is maintained and the efficiency is improved. finally a Simulink module is designed and the results are verified with the theoretical outcomes . This paper presents a new MPPT scheme for a ZSI based PV energy harvesting system based on the concept of Model Predictive Control (MPC). The MPC technique features simplicity and flexibility, and can be programmed to compensate for the inherent non linearities associated with power electronic converters. Comparing to classical control schemes, MPC delivers a fast dynamic response with a high stability margin, making it well suited for MPPT of PV systems operating under dynamic environmental conditions. A few research works have been recently published focusing on the MPPT for grid-tied PV system by MPC . The work presented by Shadmand et al uses a conventional Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm for identification of MPP. However, in the approach presented in this paper, the MPC method is used directly to predict the power generated by the PV panel, subsequent to possible changes to the PV voltage. Accordingly, in this paper, the decisions on the directly made
Adjoint Modeling: A Brief Introduction

Adjoint1 is a transformation used in studying mathematical relationships. An “adjoint model” refers to an adjoint-transformed version of a model. Here, “model” is simply a set of rules, or a computer program, that takes input and calculates output. To distinguish it from its adjoint, the original pre-transformed model is often referred to as the “forward model” in contrast to its adjoint that computes things “backward” switching roles of what is input and what is output2 (see diagram below). Adjoint models are particularly useful for computing how forward model output depends on its input, i.e., sensitivity (a.k.a. derivative, gradient).
Chiplet Technology and Heterogeneous

Chiplets and heterogeneous integration are changing the design of modern electronic systems. Instead of only relying on process shrinks as the primary driver of product design and system performance, the heterogenous multi-chiplet architectures can potentially provide a much lower cost alternative to the latest design nodes. Packaging technology is poised to play a key role in the performance of the next generation systems. The chiplet-based design can be built on various materials such as silicon, glass, and organic laminate. The resulting single-package-based integration allows multiple silicon dies of various technology and complexity to be integrated efficiently using next-level interconnects, such as silicon interposers and bridges. As the systems evolve from single monolithic devices to multi-chiplet architectures, the electrical analysis become more critical to guarantee the performance of such heterogenous systems. The second-level interconnects provide a low-impedance power delivery path between multiple independent power domains and short inter-die interconnects. The physical layer can either be parallel or serial interface trading power, latency and area or beachfront. Since these interconnects are short, the signal integrity may not initially pose a challenge. However, elevated transient currents of multiple dies and their unique clocking architecture make the supply noise, jitter, and latency the limiting factors in designing high-performance multi-die heterogenous systems. In this paper, chiplet packaging technology as well as the design and analysis of the heterogeneous systems are reviewed.
GC-EI-MS after Derivatization with (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)- Methoxy-(x-(trifluoromethy)phenylacetyl Chloride (MTPA)*

In drug testing, the presence of methamphetamine in urine is generally confirmed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Derivatization of the compound to a perfluoroalkylamide, prior to confirmation, typically yields better chromatographic separation. Once methamphetamine is detected, a second GC-MS test is necessary to distinguish positive results from the use of over-the-counter medication, Vicks inhaler, or from use of a prescription drug, selegiline (Deprenyl). R-(-)-Methamphelamine is the urinary product from legitimate use of these medications. The second GC-MS test is to confirm illicit use of (S)-(+)-methamphetamine. In the procedure, the two methamphetamine isomers are changed to the chromatographically separable diastereomers by a chiral derivatizing agent, (S)-(-)-trifluoroacetylprolyl chloride (TPC). But the method has inherent limitations. Racemization of the reagent produces mixed diastereomers even from pure (S)-(+)-methamphetamine. Instead of using TPC, we utilized (R)-(-)-~methoxy-o,-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride (MTPA) to prepare the amides of diastereomers of methamphetamine. No racemization was observed with this reagent. The method was extended to resolve GC peaks of (R)-(-)and (S)-(+)-isomers of amphetamine, 3,4methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), N-methyI-MDA (MDMA), and N-ethyI-MDA (MDEA). Three ions from the drug and two ions from the deuterated internal standard were monitored to characterize and quantitate the drugs. For MDEA, only one ion was used. The quantitation was linear over 25 to 5000 ng/mL for 9 The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as the official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. t Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: paul@afip.osd. mil. MDEA and 25 to 10,000 ng/mt for all other drugs. Correlation coefficients were > 0.996. Precision calculated as the coefficient of variation at the calibrator concentration of 500 ng/mL was within + 11% for all drugs. The method was applied to test 43 urine specimens. In 91% of the methamphetamine-positive specimens, only the (S)-(+)-isomer was detected. In all MDMA-positive specimens, the concentrations of (R)-(-)-isomer were greater than the (S)-(+)-isomer indicating longer retention of (R)-(-)-isomer in the human body. The specimen concentrations (R + S) compared well with that of a non-chiral method that used 4-carboethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride as derivatizing agent. But the MTPA method has some advantage. It alone can replace the two GC-MS methods needed to confirm the presence of (S)-(+)-isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine.
of cytochrome P-450 ligands on the binding

release from Abstract Steroids have been proposed as endogenous ligands at sigma ( σ ) receptors. In the current study we examined the ability of steroids to regulate N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated [ 3 H]dopamine release from slices of rat striatal tissue. We found that both progesterone and pregnenolone inhibit [ 3 H]dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner similarly to prototypical agonists, such as (+)pentazocine. The inhibition seen by both progesterone and pregnenolone exhibits IC 50 values consistent with reported K i values for these steroids obtained in binding studies, and was fully reversed by both the σ 1 antagonist 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-2’-4’’flurophenyl)-2’oxoethyl)piperidine HBr (DuP734) and the σ 2 antagonist 1’-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1- H (Lu28-179). Lastly, to determine if a PKC signaling system might be involved in the inhibition of NMDA-stimulated [ 3 H]dopamine release we tested the PKC β -selective inhibitor, LY379196 against both progesterone and pregnenolone. We found that LY379196 at 30 nM reversed the inhibition of release by both progesterone and pregnenolone. These findings support steroids as candidates for endogenous ligands at σ receptors.
University of Birmingham A patient-centred model to quality assure outputs from an echocardiography department

Background: Quality assurance (QA) of echocardiographic studies is vital to ensure that clinicians can act on findings of high quality to deliver excellent patient care. To date, there is a paucity of published guidance on how to perform this QA. The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) has previously produced an Echocardiography Quality Framework (EQF) to assist departments with their QA processes. This article expands on the EQF with a structured yet versatile approach on how to analyse echocardiographic departments to ensure high-quality standards are met. In addition, a process is detailed for departments that are seeking to demonstrate to external bodies adherence to a robust QA process. Methods: The EQF consists of four domains. These include assessment of Echo Quality (including study acquisition and report generation); Reproducibility & Consistency (including analysis of individual variability when compared to the group and focused clinical audit), Education & Training (for all providers and service users) and Customer & Staff Satisfaction (of both service users and patients/their carers). Examples of what could be
Peculiarities of the influence of sorbilact and its combination with L-arginine on the level of toxemia and detoxification function of the kidneys in the period of development of endogenous intoxication syndrome

Kidney injury in case of endogenous intoxication syndrome of purulent-septic genesis necessitates nephroprotective therapy. The aim of the work was to determine effects of combined use of sorbilact and L-arginine to levels of toxemia and the detoxification function of the kidneys in endogenous intoxication syndrome during the period of it’s development. Methods. Kidneys’ detoxication function have been studied in patients of the following groups. who were treated according to Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2016 (standard therapy) [9]. The third group (IІІ) consisited of 29 patients with endogenous intoxication syndrome, who received sorbilact in addition to standard therapy. The fourth group (IV) included 30 patients with endogenous intoxication syndrome who received sorbilact and L-arginine in addition to standard therapy. Sorbilact infusion to patients of III and IV groups was performed at a rate of 6-7 ml/kg body weight, intravenously dripping at a rate of 7-8 ml/min. After the end of infusion of sorbilact, patients of IV group were infused with 4.2% solution of L-arginine (“Tivortin” intravenous drip according to the instructions). Data were obtained and results gathered on the application of drugs in the period of stabilization (according to the state of volumoregulatory and osmoregulatory function) of secondary toxic autoagresion (fourth day of drugs’ application). As a single-celled receptor-effector system, the Paramecium caudatum culture was used. Low Molecular Weight Proteins (LMWP) concentration in blood and urine were determined using a modified method. Results. Development of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication was accompanied by a manifestation of kidney injury. Infusion of sorbilact as a part of complex intensive therapy of endogenous intoxication syndrome has allowed to find out its influence on detoxification functions of the kidneys after a single administration. Under these conditions, sorbilact regulates the ability of the kidneys to excrete toxic substances (р˂0,05). L-arginine according corresponding indicators of total clearance of toxic and Low Molecular Weight after the first infusion leads to the potentiation of the detoxication
Research Online Research Online “Looking over the Backyard Fence”: Householders and Mosquito “Looking over the Backyard Fence”: Householders and Mosquito Control Control

: (1) Background: Vector-borne diseases are a signiﬁcant public health problem in Western Australia. Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of a number of pathogens and may pose a serious nuisance problem. Prevention efforts in the State are multi-faceted and include physical, chemical, and cultural control methods for restricting mosquito breeding. This is less complex where breeding areas are located within public open spaces. In Australia’s developed urban areas, breeding sites are, however, frequently located within private residential landholdings, where the scope of public health ofﬁcials to act is constrained by law and practicality. Consequently, mosquito prevention in these locations is predominantly the responsibility of the residents. This research addressed a gap, both in understanding the degree to which “backyard” mosquito breeding has the potential to contribute to local mosquito problems, and in assessing what residents “think and do” about mosquito control within their home environment. (2) Methods: The study was conducted in the
Human and Murine Skin Cells and Dermal Dendritic Cells from Necessary for the Migration of Langerhans Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 and 2 Are

Dendritic cells migrate from the skin to the draining lymph nodes. They transport immunogenic MHC-peptide complexes, present them to Ag-speciﬁc T cells in the T areas, and thus generate immunity. Migrating dendritic cells encounter physical obstacles, such as basement membranes and collagen meshwork. Prior work has revealed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) contributes to mouse Langerhans cell migration. In this study, we use mouse and human skin explant culture models to further study the role of MMPs in the migration and maturation of skin dendritic cells. We found that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are expressed on the surface of dendritic cells from the skin, but not from other sources. They are also expressed in migrating Langerhans cells in situ. The migration of both Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells is inhibited by a broad spectrum inhibitor of MMPs (BB-3103), by Abs to MMP-9 and -2, and by the natural tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP), TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Inhibition by anti-MMP-2 and TIMP-2 deﬁne a functional role for MMP-2 in addition to the previously described function of MMP-9. The importance of MMP-9 was emphasized using MMP-9-deﬁcient mice in which Langerhans cell migration from skin explants was strikingly reduced. However, MMP-9 was only required for Langerhans cell migration and not maturation, since nonmigrating Langerhans cells isolated from the epidermis matured normally with regard to morphology, phenotype, and T cell stimulatory function. These data underscore the importance