Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Starch‐gel electrophoresis of four enzymes from human red blood cells: glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, fructoaldolase, glyoxalase II and sorbitol dehydrogenase

One of the first questions that can be asked about the genetic structure of a population is: what proportion of loci is polymorphic? The technique of gel electrophoresis of enzymes and other proteins has provided a method for estimating this proportion. In the first studies using this method Harris (1966), using human enzymes, and Lewontin & Hubby (1966), using Drosophila pseudoobscura, found that about one-third of loci showed electrophoretically detectable polymorphism in a given population. These results have been confirmed in several other species. Using the house mouse, Mus musculus, Selander & Yang (1970) did a large study, involving probably 40 loci, and found that about 30 yo of these were polymorphic in a sample of mice from ten barns on one farm. Large studies of Drosophila species were done by Kojima, Gillespie & Tobari (1970) and by Gillespie & Kojima (1968). All species showed polymorphism at proportions of loci similar to those in the original two studies. These results mean that it is no longer possible to consider polymorphism an unusual or unimportant phenomenon. The ways in which polymorphisms are maintained are, for the most part, not understood. To gain an understanding of this process is one of the chief aims of population genetics. In man, the number of loci which have been studied is still small. It therefore seems useful to develop methods for studying more enzymes, and to see whether polymorphisms exist at the loci which control their synthesis. Variants that are detected in this type of study can also be useful for other purposes for example, in linkage studies and characterization of populations. In this paper I shall present the results of examining a series of blood samples for electrophoretic variants of the red blood cell enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GA-3-PD), aldolase, glyoxalase I1 and sorbitol dehydrogenase. I chose these enzymes solely because they had not previously been studied in this way, and because methods for staining them on starch gels could be developed. In this way I hoped to satisfy the criteria given by Harris (1969) for enzyme studies that are designed to improve our estimate of the frequency of genetic polymorphism in human populations. Although none of the enzyme systems showed polymorphisms in the series of bloods examined, I think the results are worth reporting, for two reasons. First, studies that do not find polymorphisms are just as important for the frequency estimate as those that do. Secondly, a few new variants were found, and have been investigated.
Etude de l'influence du nombre de Reynolds sur l'organisation de la turbulence de paroi

Ce travail est une etude experimentale de l'influence du nombre de Reynolds sur les caracteristiques des tourbillons longitudinaux et transverses de la turbulence de paroi. Une campagne de mesure par PIV stereoscopique est realisee dans des plans longitudinaux/normaux a la paroi (XY), et dans des plans normaux/transversaux (YZ) des couches limites de la soufflerie du LML et du tunnel a eau du LTRAC, a six nombre de Reynolds compris entre Reθ=1300 et Reθ=18950. Les mesures ont une bonne resolution spatiale et une faible incertitude. La base de donnees est validee au travers de l'analyse de grandeurs statistiques de l'ecoulement (moyenne et RMS de la vitesse, histogramme des fluctuations, spectres de puissance) , comparees a des profils de reference issus de la theorie, de mesures fils-chauds ou de donnees DNS. Une detection de tourbillon, basee sur le fit d'un tourbillon d'Oseen autour des maxima de "swirling strength", est ensuite entreprise sur les donnees stereo-PIV ainsi que sur des donnees DNS a Reτ=950. L'evolution des caracteristiques des tourbillons (rayon, vorticite, circulation, vitesse de convection) avec la distance "y" a la paroi est ensuite analysee dans deux representions adimensionnees: l'une en unites de paroi, et l'autre en unites de Kolmogorov. Une bonne universalite en nombre de Reynolds est obtenue en unites de paroi dans la zone tampon et la zone logarithmique, mais pas dans la zone externe de l'ecoulement. Les unites de Kolmogorov permettent d'obtenir une bonne universalite dans les trois zones etudiees, a la fois en Reynolds et en "y". Finalement, les mecanismes responsables de la generation des tourbillons sont discutes
Diagnosis and treatment: psychogenic, recurrent, abdominal pain.

RECURRENT abdominal pain represents a frequent cause for medical consultation. At least 1 school child in 10 suffers from this complaint. Slightly more common in girls than in boys and unusual before the age of 5, recurrent abdominal pain has its greatest incidence in children 9 to 10 years of age. In 1,000 unselected school children Apley found the complaint to occur more frequently in girls (12.3%) than in boys (9.5%); more than one fourth of all girls at age 9 were affected. Both organic and psychogenic etiologic possibilities need be considered together in each such case. The present discussion will be largely concerned with the latter. It is intended that a subsequent article will be concerned with organic abdominal pain. CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOGENIC, RECURRENT, ABDOMINAL PAIN About one half of the children whose pain is psychogenic will have been symptomatic less than 1 year at the time of consultation; others will have had complaints for 1 to 5 years. Some children experience six or seven episodes a day while others one a week or one a month. Although this symptom may be related directly to stressful situations, this relationship is uncommon. A temporal relation to meals is rare, and the pain almost never awakens the child from sleep. Individual attacks are usually 5 to 30 minutes in length but may persist for hours. Episodes usually began gradually rather than abruptly. The pain is generally constant and mild or moderate rather than colicky and severe. Descriptions are vague: "It just hurts," "It feels funny," or "I don't know. "
Effective channel length increased due to switching from ≪110≫ to ≪100≫ orientation for PMOS transistors fabricated by 65 nm CMOS technology

The on-state current of PMOS transistors fabricated on (100) Si substrate can be easily increased by switching from <110> to <100> orientation because of faster hole transport. In addition, PMOS transistors also become slightly ldquolongerrdquo. An experimental estimation of the increase of the effective channel length of the order of nm was made in PMOS transistors fabricated by 65 nm low-power CMOS technology. This can cause a noticeable drop in off current for short PMOS transistors.
Evolving morphological robustness for collective robotics

This study evaluates a Neuro-Evolution (NE) method for controller evolution in simulated robot teams, where the goal is to evaluate the morphological robustness of evolved controllers. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controllers are evolved for a specific sensory configuration (morphology) and then evaluated on a set of different morphologies. The morphological robustness of evolved controllers is evaluated according to team task performance given a collective construction task of increasing complexity. The overall objective was to ascertain an appropriate method for evolving ANN controllers that are readily transferable to robot teams with varied morphologies. Such controller transfer is necessary if task specifications change and different sensory configurations are required, or if robots are damaged and some sensors become disabled. In both cases it is ideal if teams continue to exhibit consistent behavior and a similar task performance. Results indicate that an indirect (developmental) encoding NE method consistently evolves controllers that fully function when transferred to teams with varied morphologies. That is, where comparable or higher task performances were yielded compared to controllers evolved specifically for the varied morphology.
Parkin and Mitofusins Reciprocally Regulate Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Spheroid Formation*

Background: The mechanistic relationship of Parkin and mitofusins in mitochondria quality control is not known. Results: CCCP-induced mitophagy and mitochondrial spheroid formation differentially require Parkin and mitofusins. Conclusion: Parkin and mitofusins reciprocally regulate mitophagy and mitochondrial spheroid formation. Significance: This study revealed a default response of mitochondria to oxidative stress and a molecular mechanism by which Parkin primes the mitochondria for mitophagy. Mitochondrial homeostasis via mitochondrial dynamics and quality control is crucial to normal cellular functions. Mitophagy (mitochondria removed by autophagy) stimulated by a mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), requires Parkin, but it is not clear why Parkin is crucial to this process. We found that in the absence of Parkin, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone induced the formation of mitochondrial spheroids. Mitochondrial spheroid formation is also induced in vivo in the liver by acetaminophen overdose, a condition causing severe oxidative mitochondrial damages and liver injury. Mitochondrial spheroids could undergo a maturation process by interactions with acidic compartments. The formation of this new structure required reactive oxygen species and mitofusins. Parkin suppressed these mitochondrial dynamics by promoting mitofusin degradation. Consistently, genetic deletion of mitofusins without concomitant expression of Parkin was sufficient to prevent mitochondrial spheroid formation and resumed mitophagy. Mitochondrial spheroid formation and mitophagy could represent different strategies of mitochondrial homeostatic response to oxidative stress and are reciprocally regulated by mitofusins and Parkin.
Comparative Economic Development in China and Japan

Three hundred years ago per capita incomes in China and Japan were about equal and fairly close to the global mean. At the end of the twentieth century Japanese per capita incomes are about as high as Western incomes and about seven times as high as Chinese incomes. How could this happen? Manchu China and Tokugawa Japan did not establish equally safe property rights for merchants and producers as the West did. But political fragmentation and feudalism within Japan provided something like checks and balances against arbitrary government which China lacked. Moreover, a similar lack of respect for merchants in both countries had more favourable consequences for early commercialisation in Japan than in China. Japan's revolution from above led to a much earlier and faster restoration of orderly government than China's protracted decay of imperial rule first and its revolution from below thereafter. Whereas the Japanese revolution from above implied the preservation of human and social capital, the Chinese revolution from below led to a massive destruction of both. Moreover, Japanese nationalism was oriented toward the conquest of foreign markets and economic supremacy earlier than Chinese nationalism. This provided another Japanese advantage over China. Japan began its process of catch-up with the West about hundred years earlier than China. In both countries high savings and investment as well as human capital formation contributed to growth. China was held back first by political instability and later by diluted property rights and distorted incentives. In the last quarter century, however, China has re-established incentives, opened up its economy, and established some substitute for private property rights. It has done well enough to have already overtaken the Japanese economy in size. The size gap between the two economies is likely to widen quickly, whereas the still huge gap in per capita incomes will narrow only very slowly.
‘Presidentialization’ in Japan? The Prime Minister, Media and Elections in Japan

Both academics and journalists have given increasing attention to the rising importance of prime ministers – a phenomenon often referred to ‘presidentialization’. Although many commentators use the term differently, and the term blurs the line between the very different institutional contexts of a parliamentary and presidential system, one careful definition of the term is ‘the movement over time away from collective to personalized government, movement away from a pattern of governmental and electoral politics dominated by the political party towards one where the party leader becomes a more autonomous political force. ’ This phenomenon has been observed primarily in Britain and in West European parliamentary democracies – no one has ever described the Japanese parliamentary system as even remotely ‘presidentialized’. In fact, the Japanese prime minister has not been the subject of much academic research, and even the Japanese press often used to ignore the prime minister. Despite being the leader of a majority party in a centralized political system, the Japanese prime minister was almost universally described as weak and uninteresting, with both academic and popular discourse focusing on the powerful bureaucracy and factional politics within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). However, recent political changes, most prominently the selection and popularity of Junichirō Koizumi as Japan's prime minister in the spring of 2001, have led to a surge of interest in the prime minister.
EVALUATION OF BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF CHLOROGENIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN IN-VIVO ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RAT MODELS.

Attiq Ur Rehman 1 , * Wafa Majeed 2 , Bilal Aslam 2 , Muhammad Naeem Faisal 2 , Asra Iftikhar 2 and Aisha Sultana 2 . 1. Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2. Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Timed artificial insemination: current challenges and recent advances in reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil

Beef and dairy productivity depends directly on the reproductive efficiency and genetic gain of the herd, which can be related to the appropriate use of biotechnologies, such as timed artificial insemination (TAI). When considering variations in synchronizations protocols, longer or shorter periods of progesterone (P4) device treatment could provide benefits to fertility. However, our studies evidenced that protocols with six (J-synch), seven, eight and nine days of P4 device treatment had similar pregnancy per AI (P/AI). In cyclic cows, the early prostaglandin (PGF) administration, moving from the day of P4 device removal to two days earlier, which results in four handlings of cows, or the administration of one extra dose of PGF at the onset of the protocol and a single PGF on the day of P4 device removal (three handlings) are both efficient to induce early luteolysis, reducing serum P4 concentrations and, therefore, stimulating LH pulsatility, which improves growth of the dominant follicle and results greater P/AI when compared with protocols with the administration of PGF only on the day of P4 device removal. Resynchronization is another valuable tool to reduce the interval between AI. Traditional Resynch is initiated at pregnancy diagnosis (28 to 32 days after TAI) and the interval between AI is around 40 days; Resynch 22 and Resynch 14 respectively initiates 22 and 14 days after the previous AI in all cows (unknown status of pregnancy) and reduces the interval between AI to 32 and 24 days. The novelty about Resynch 14 is the need to use of Doppler ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis [evaluation of corpus luteum (CL) vascularization]. Similar P/AI after Resynch 22 and 14 were found in Nelore cows. In dairy cattle, reproductive management is carried out throughout the year, thus, it is important to adapt the reproductive management to few established days of the week. Therefore, traditional Resynch and Resynch 25 were set to start 32 and 25 days after previous TAI, respectively. The hastening of reproductive age of Nelore heifers aims to reduce age at first calving and increase productivity. Factors such as age, weight, body condition score (BCS), uterine score (USC), average daily weight gain (ADG), withers height/depth of rib relationship (dRIB) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SCFT) were associated with an increase in the success of gestational establishment at TAI and can be used to select the heifers that are more suitable for reproduction. These technologies can contribute to improve the national production of kilograms of meat and liters of milk per hectare, and consequently improve livestock profitability.
Indoor Channel Characterization and Performance Analysis of a 60 GHz near Gigabit System for WPAN Applications

During the last decade, substantial knowledge about the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) channel has been accumulated and different architectures have been analyzed to develop MMW communication systems for commercial applications. The 60 GHz bandwidth is suitable for high data-rate and short-distance wireless communications. This interest is particularly due to the large bandwidth and the important power loss caused by the free space and walls attenuation which permits to reuse the same frequency bandwidth even in the next floor of the same building. A high frequency band leads to a small size of RF components including antennas. However, many challenges have to be overcome before designing the system, such as the cost, millimeter-wave circuits and millimeter-wave propagation. For any wireless system design, the selection of a modulation and coding scheme is a main consideration and has a large impact on the system complexity. Problems such as power amplifier (PA) non-linearity, oscillator phase noise, insertion loss and flatness are more important for these RF circuits. These effects should be taken into account in the overall communication system. It was shown in (U. H. Rizvi et al., 2008) that single carrier (SC) transmission has a lower tolerance to phase noise and is more resistant to the PA nonlinearity than the multicarrier OFDM. Owing to these advantages, in (S. Kato et al., 2009), the authors proposed the single carrier (SC) transmission for multi-gigabit 60 GHz WPAN systems, as defined in IEEE 802.15. 3C standard. Recently, the IEEE 802.15. 3c, ECMA and Very High Throughput (VHT) groups were formed to normalize the future WPAN systems for the 60 GHz band (ECMA, 2008). Hence, different architectures have been analyzed to develop new MMW communication systems for commercial applications. Up to now, in the literature, several studies have considered propagation measurements, potential applications, circuit design issues and several modulation techniques at 60 GHz (P. Smulders, 2002). However, few efforts have been dedicated to the realization of a 60 GHz wireless system and the characterization of its performance in realistic environments.
A COMPARISON OF COGNITIVE INTERVIEWING, EXPERT REVIEW, AND BEHAVIOR CODING: WHAT DO THEY TELL US?

Introduction It is common practice to evaluate the quality of survey questionnaires, prior to field administration. In particular, the past 15 years have witnessed the rapid growth of the use of the Cognitive Interview for evaluating potential sources of error in draft instruments (Forsyth & Lessler, 1991; Jobe & Herrmann, 1996; Lessler, Tourangeau, & Salter, 1989; Tourangeau, 1984; Willis, Royston, & Bercini, 1991). Separately, Cannell, Fowler, and colleagues have developed Behavior Coding techniques (Fowler & Cannell, 1996; Oksenberg, Cannell, & Kalton, 1991), which endeavor to chronicle the overt problems that occur in questionnaires. Finally, the use of the Expert Review has also been common practice in questionnaire development, simply because critical review by experts, prior to implementation, seems like a reasonable approach to improving quality (Forsyth & Lessler, 1991). In this paper we refer to these practices as questionnaire pretesting techniques (despite the fact that Expert Review is not empirical in nature, and might not be thought of as "pretesting").
Evaluating the impact of learning space

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find a method to analyse the impact of learning space on learning behaviour and, in particular, learning support, using the context of a university library.Design/methodology/approach – A method was created based partially on pre‐/post‐occupancy evaluation methods used in other institutions, and partially on methods utilised by the library on other occasions, gathering qualitative and quantitative data from staff observations, desk enquiries and student use. The method was tested at the University of Huddersfield Library and Computing Centre following extensive refurbishment.Findings – The method overall was deemed successful, but was problematic due to lack of student engagement.Research limitations/implications – Research was conducted at one university only, so can be considered either a starting point for further research, or as a toolkit for other universities to utilize.Practical implications – Ensuring full understanding and engagement of students via acade.
Enfermedades raras: enfermedades crónicas que requieren un nuevo enfoque sociosanitario

The concept of Rare Diseases is relatively new. They are those processes “…that can be mortal or to cause a chronic weakening of the patient and who, due to its little prevalence, require combined efforts to treat them. For indicative purposes, a little prevalence is considered when is lesser than 5 cases per 10,000 people in the Community”. The existence of these diseases is closely tied with orphan drugs, meaning all drugs, prosthesis, biological agents or dietetic preparations destined to the treatment of a Rare Disease. Besides, it is necessary to add two factors more: 1. The Primary Attention physicians do not feel very motivated in their knowledge and 2. These diseases need a complex sociosanitary attention, habitually more expensive than chronic diseases. By all exposed the Rare Diseases appear like a universe that requires a new sociosanitary approach from the health system.
Extending the Understanding of the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Employee Creativity: Examining the Effects of Supervisor Support for Creativity and Job Characteristics

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Counselling for Heart Disease

Preface to the series. Foreword by Dr Alastair McDonald. 1. Heart Disease: Causes and consequences.2. Psychological care in acute settings.3. A Basic counselling approach.4. Stress management training.5. Risk factor intervention.6. Putting it all together.References. Appendices. Index. List of Figures.