Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rôle du monoxyde d'azote dans le développement tumoral chez le poisson zèbre. Rôle de HSF1 dans le développement chez le poisson zèbre en absence de choc thermique

L’utilisation de modeles animaux a permis la decouverte de mecanismes importants du developpement en general, et du developpement tumoral en particulier afin d’etablir et mettre au point de nouveaux traitements. Le poisson zebre (Danio rerio), est de plus en plus utilise dans le cadre de ces recherches du fait de ses nombreux avantages comme par exemple la transparence de ses larves ou une forte homologie avec l’homme. Plusieurs approches ont ete developpees chez ce poisson comme l’invalidation transitoire d’un gene afin d’identifier le role d’une proteine dans le developpement, ou alors la transplantation de cellules tumorales de mammiferes et etudier les reponses aux traitements anti-tumoraux.C’est dans l’un de ces deux contextes que nous avons etudie le role du monoxyde d’azote dans le developpement tumoral. Pour cela nous avons utilise une sonde fluorescente et avons pu detecter in vivo une production de monoxyde d’azote associee aux cellules tumorales xenogreffees, dont l’utilisation d’un capteur du NO, le cPTIO s’est traduit par une perte de cellules tumorales et une baisse de l’expression d’un facteur angiogenique le VEGF, demontrant une utilisation potentielle dans du cPTIO comme molecule anti-tumorale.L’autre volet d’etude a ete l’identification du role de HSF1 dans le developpement et la differenciation des globules rouges chez le poisson zebre comme modele experimental, dans des conditions de non stress thermique. Pour cela, nous avons inactive transitoirement le gene hsf1 grâce aux morpholinos, et avons constate des defauts dans le developpement, mais aussi une alteration de la differenciation des erythrocytes.
Charitable giving: The role of framing and information

We investigate how different levels of information influence the allocation decisions of donors who are entitled to freely distribute a fixed monetary endowment between themselves and a charitable organization in both giving and taking frames. Participants donate significantly higher amounts, when the decision is described as taking rather than giving. This framing effect becomes smaller if more information about the charity is provided.
A novel in vitro model to study prolonged Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is known to chronically infect airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) by early adulthood. PA infections can lead to increased airway inflammation and lung tissue damage, ultimately contributing to decreased lung function and quality of life. Existing models of PA infection in vitro commonly utilize 1–6-hour time courses. However, these relatively early time points may not encompass downstream airway cell signaling in response to the chronic PA infections observed in people with cystic fibrosis. To fill this gap in knowledge, the aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model that allows for PA infection of CF bronchial epithelial cells, cultured at the air liquid interface, for 24 hours. Our model shows with an inoculum of 2 x 102 CFUs of PA for 24 hours pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 are upregulated with little decrease in CF bronchial epithelial cell survival or monolayer confluency. Additionally, immunoblotting for phosphorylated phospholipase C gamma, a well-known downstream protein of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling, showed significantly elevated levels after 24 hours with PA infection that were not seen at earlier timepoints. Finally, inhibition of phospholipase C shows significant downregulation of interleukin 8. Our data suggest that this newly developed in vitro “prolonged PA infection model” recapitulates the elevated inflammatory markers observed in CF, without compromising cell survival. This extended period of PA growth on CF bronchial epithelial cells will have impact on further studies of cell signaling and microbiological studies that were not possible in previous models using shorter PA exposures.
Ataxia and Diplopia

Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the first patient with recurrent ataxia and diplopia in association with a pathogenic variant in SCN8A. Methods We identified a girl with a heterozygous SCN8A pathogenic variant and performed thorough phenotyping. Results A 10-year-old girl was previously well with normal intelligence. She had recurrent diplopia, dysmetria, and unsteady gait, which occurred only in the context of febrile illnesses. EEG during her initial acute episode showed multifocal epileptiform discharges, with similar findings seen on a follow-up study 3 months later when she was well. Brain MRI finding was normal. A gene panel identified a de novo SCN8A variant, p.Arg847Gln, classified as likely pathogenic. One year after her initial presentation, the girl is well and developmentally normal and has never had an event concerning for seizure. Discussion This case presentation demonstrates that SCN8A pathogenic variants should be considered in children with transient ataxia, dysmetria, and diplopia in the context of viral febrile illnesses, even if there is no history of seizures. While there are clinical and molecular data suggesting that SCN8A dysfunction can cause temperature-sensitive phenotypes, further research is necessary to determine how the functional changes caused by our patient's SCN8A variant result in her unique phenotype.
Synthesis of Multi-View 3D Fingerprints to Advance Contactless Fingerprint Identification

Billions of contact-based fingerprint images have been acquired in large databases. Contactless 2D fingerprint identification systems have emerged to provide more hygienic and secured alternatives and are highly sought under the current pandemic. The success of such an alternative requires high match accuracy, not just for the contactless-to-contactless but also for the contactless-to-contact-based matching, which is currently below expectations for large-scale deployments. We introduce a new approach to advance such expectations on match accuracy and also to address privacy-related concerns, e.g., recent GDPR regulations, in the acquisition of very large databases. This paper introduces a novel approach for accurately synthesizing multi-view contactless 3D fingerprints to develop a very large-scale multi-view fingerprint database, and corresponding contact-based fingerprint database. A unique advantage of our approach is the simultaneous availability of much-needed ground truth labels and alleviation of laborious and often prone to erroneous tasks performed by human labeling. We also introduce a new framework that can not only accurately match contactless to contact-based images but also contactless to contactless images, as both of these capabilities are simultaneously required to advance contactless fingerprint technologies. Our rigorous experimental results presented in this paper, both for within-database and cross-database experiments, illustrate outperforming results to simultaneously meet both of these expectations and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Functional Duplication of the Short-Wavelength-Sensitive Opsin in Sea Snakes: Evidence for Reexpanded Color Sensitivity Following Ancestral Regression

Abstract Color vision is mediated by ancient and spectrally distinct cone opsins. Yet, while there have been multiple losses of opsin genes during the evolution of tetrapods, evidence for opsin gains via functional duplication is extremely scarce. Previous studies have shown that some secondarily marine elapid snakes have acquired expanded “UV–blue” sensitivity via changes at key spectral tuning amino acid sites of the Short-Wavelength Opsin 1 (SWS1) gene. Here, we use elapid reference genomes to show that the molecular origin of this adaptation involved repeated, proximal duplications of the SWS1 gene in the fully marine Hydrophis cyanocinctus. This species possesses four intact SWS1 genes; two of these genes have the ancestral UV sensitivity, and two have a derived sensitivity to the longer wavelengths that dominate marine habitats. We suggest that this remarkable expansion of the opsin repertoire of sea snakes functionally compensates for the ancestral losses of two middle-wavelength opsins in the earliest (dim-light adapted) snakes. This provides a striking contrast to the evolution of opsins during ecological transitions in mammals. Like snakes, early mammals lost two cone photopigments; however, lineages such as bats and cetaceans underwent further opsin losses during their adaptation to dim-light environments.
Capillary electrophoresis on‐line hyphenated with mass spectrometry for analysis of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in pharmaceutical preparations

Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is a 70‐amino acid single‐chain polypeptide, which has found application in diagnostics as a biomarker of growth hormone disorders and as a therapy for growth failure in children and adolescents. Due to its strong anabolic effects, it is often abused by athletes for doping purposes. Here, we developed an on‐line hyphenated method based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) detection with electrospray ionization (CZE–electrospray ionization source–MS [CZE–ESI–MS]) for the determination of IGF‐1 in pharmaceutical matrices. We achieved a highly efficient, accurate, repeatable, sensitive, and selective analysis of IGF‐1 with favorable migration times (<15 min). Optimized and validated CZE–ESI–MS method was successfully applied for the determination of IGF‐1 in injectable solutions (Increlex®), and its presence was also confirmed in nutritional preparations (tablets and liquid colostrum). This is the first validated CZE–ESI–MS method for the determination of IGF‐1 in pharmaceutical matrices revealing the potential of capillary electrophoresis for its use in drug quality control laboratories with benefits, such as high separation efficiency, high‐speed analysis, low sample consumption, as well as environmental and cost aspects.
Gamma globulin combined with acyclovir for children with infectious mononucleosis and their effect on immune function.

BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is characterized by pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue and fever. IM is most commonly seen in primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, with higher occurrence in children. OBJECTIVE To explore the value of gamma globulin combined with acyclovir for IM children and their impact on immune function. METHODS This prospective randomized controlled study recruited 111 children under 14 years old with IM from Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital during March 2019 and March 2022. Among them, 11 children dropped out, and 100 eligible children were randomized 1:1 into a control group and a study group. The control group received acyclovir, and the study group received additional gamma globulin. The baseline data, clinical efficacy, immune function, and adverse reactions were collected and compared. RESULTS The study group had a shorter antipyretic time, lymph node reduction time, pharyngitis improvement time, and hospital stay compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The study group yielded lower levels of total white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase-MB than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+ and CD8+ were lower, and the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, IgA, and IgG were higher in the study group than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was comparable (14.00% vs. 24.00%). The positive rates of EBV-specific antibody and nuclear antigen in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The combined treatment of gamma globulin and acyclovir is a promising alternative for patients with IM compared to acyclovir alone. This combined regimen shortens the duration of clinical manifestations in children, promotes the recovery of laboratory indices, improves clinical efficacy, and enhances immune function. Furthermore, its safety profile is acceptable, warranting its further promotion.
Multi‐scale structural alterations of the thalamus and basal ganglia in focal epilepsy using 7T MRI

Abstract Focal epilepsy is characterized by repeated spontaneous seizures that originate from cortical epileptogenic zone networks (EZN). Analysis of intracerebral recordings showed that subcortical structures, and in particular the thalamus, play an important role in seizure dynamics as well, supporting their structural alterations reported in the neuroimaging literature. Nonetheless, between‐patient differences in EZN localization (e.g., temporal vs. non‐temporal lobe epilepsy) as well as extension (i.e., number of epileptogenic regions) might impact the magnitude as well as spatial distribution of subcortical structural changes. Here we used 7 Tesla MRI T1 data to provide an unprecedented description of subcortical morphological (volume, tissue deformation, and shape) and longitudinal relaxation (T1) changes in focal epilepsy patients and evaluate the impact of the EZN and other patient‐specific clinical features. Our results showed variable levels of atrophy across thalamic nuclei that appeared most prominent in the temporal lobe epilepsy group and the side ipsilateral to the EZN, while shortening of T1 was especially observed for the lateral thalamus. Multivariate analyses across thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia showed that volume acted as the dominant discriminator between patients and controls, while (posterolateral) thalamic T1 measures looked promising to further differentiate patients based on EZN localization. In particular, the observed differences in T1 changes between thalamic nuclei indicated differential involvement based on EZN localization. Finally, EZN extension was found to best explain the observed variability between patients. To conclude, this work revealed multi‐scale subcortical alterations in focal epilepsy as well as their dependence on several clinical characteristics.
Translational regulation by uORFs and start codon selection stringency

In this review, Dever et al. discuss the nuances of eukaryotic translation initiation, particularly translation start site selection and the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Using select examples, they further expand on the mechanisms by which uORFs exert translational control, both repressive and stimulatory, on main ORFs.
Multispectral image segmentation using localized spectral binarization

This paper proposes a new feature extraction method for multispectral image segmentation based in Localized Spectral Binarization (LSB). In contrast with the standard image operation, which is applied with traditional image, LSB is computed on a single pixel with numerous bands. The proposed algorithm calculates differences of spectra locally on same pixel’s coordinate in different bands of the multispectral image. The difference value is converted into binary by breaking the difference values into two directions, which are the positive and negative value then the differences are thresholded to form a binary codeword. A binomial factor is assigned to these codewords to form another unique value. These values are then grouped to construct the LSB feature image where is used in the image segmentation. LANDSAT multispectral images are used in the experiment to evaluate the segmentation and classification accuracy of the proposed LSB in terms of pixel-wise image segmentation. The result shows that LSB feature outperforms the spectral feature.
Design of Si-photonic structures to evaluate their radiation hardness dependence on design parameters

Particle detectors for future experiments at the HL-LHC will require new optical data transmitters that can provide high data rates and be resistant against high levels of radiation. Furthermore, new design paths for future optical readout systems for HL-LHC could be opened if there was a possibility to integrate the optical components with their driving electronics and possibly also the silicon particle sensors themselves. All these functionalities could potentially be combined in the silicon photonics technology which currently receives a lot of attention for conventional optical link systems. Silicon photonic test chips were designed in order to assess the suitability of this technology for deployment in high-energy physics experiments. The chips contain custom-designed Mach-Zehnder modulators, pre-designed ``building-block'' modulators, photodiodes and various other passive test structures. The simulation and design flow of the custom designed Mach-Zehnder modulators and some first measurement results of the chips are presented.
Minimax risks for high dimensional nonparametric regression

Minimax L2 risks for high dimensional nonparametric regression are derived under two sparsity assumptions: 1. the true regression surface is a sparse function that depends only on d = O(log n) important predictors among a list of p predictors, with log p = o(n); 2. the true regression surface depends on O(n) predictors but is an additive function where each additive component is sparse but may contain two or more interacting predictors and may have a smoothness level different from other components. Broad range general results are presented to facilitate sharp lower and upper bound calculations on minimax risks in terms of modified packing entropies and covering entropies, and are specialized to spaces of additive functions. For either modeling assumption, a practicable extension of the widely used Bayesian Gaussian process regression method is shown to adaptively attain the optimal minimax rate (up to logn terms) asymptotically as both n, p → ∞ with log p = o(n).
Tracking Control for Stochastic Multi‐Agent Systems Based on Hybrid Event‐Triggered Mechanism

This paper deals with the leader‐following consensus for nonlinear stochastic multi‐agent systems. To save communication resources, a new centralized/distributed hybrid event‐triggered mechanism (HETM) is proposed for nonlinear multi‐agent systems. HETMs can be regarded as a synthesis of continuous event‐triggered mechanism and time‐driven mechanism, which can effectively avoid Zeno behavior. To model the multi‐agent systems under centralized HETM, the switched system method is applied. By utilizing the property of communication topology, low‐dimensional consensus conditions are obtained. For the distributed hybrid event‐triggered mechanism, due to the asynchronous event‐triggered instants, the time‐varying system method is applied. Meanwhile, the effect of network‐induced time‐delay on the consensus is also considered. To further reduce the computational resources by constantly testing whether the broadcast condition has been violated, self‐triggered implementations of the proposed event‐triggered communication protocols are also derived. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Brain volumes in alcohol use disorder: Do females and males differ? A whole‐brain magnetic resonance imaging mega‐analysis

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests distinct neurobiological correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) between sexes, which however remain largely unexplored. This work from ENIGMA Addiction Working Group aimed to characterize the sex differences in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) correlates of AUD using a whole‐brain, voxel‐based, multi‐tissue mega‐analytic approach, thereby extending our recent surface‐based region of interest findings on a nearly matching sample using a complementary methodological approach. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 653 people with AUD and 326 controls was analyzed using voxel‐based morphometry. The effects of group, sex, group‐by‐sex, and substance use severity in AUD on brain volumes were assessed using General Linear Models. Individuals with AUD relative to controls had lower GM volume in striatal, thalamic, cerebellar, and widespread cortical clusters. Group‐by‐sex effects were found in cerebellar GM and WM volumes, which were more affected by AUD in females than males. Smaller group‐by‐sex effects were also found in frontotemporal WM tracts, which were more affected in AUD females, and in temporo‐occipital and midcingulate GM volumes, which were more affected in AUD males. AUD females but not males showed a negative association between monthly drinks and precentral GM volume. Our results suggest that AUD is associated with both shared and distinct widespread effects on GM and WM volumes in females and males. This evidence advances our previous region of interest knowledge, supporting the usefulness of adopting an exploratory perspective and the need to include sex as a relevant moderator variable in AUD.
Pre-existing T Cell Memory to Novel Pathogens

Abstract Immunological experiences lead to the development of specific T and B cell memory, which readies the host for a later pathogen rechallenge. Currently, immunological memory is best understood as a linear process whereby memory responses are generated by and directed against the same pathogen. However, numerous studies have identified memory cells that target pathogens in unexposed individuals. How “pre-existing memory” forms and impacts the outcome of infection remains unclear. In this review, we discuss differences in the composition of baseline T cell repertoire in mice and humans, factors that influence pre-existing immune states, and recent literature on their functional significance. We summarize current knowledge on the roles of pre-existing T cells in homeostasis and perturbation and their impacts on health and disease.
Conservation of generalized momentum maps in mechanical optimal control problems with symmetry

In this paper, a structure‐preserving direct method for the optimal control of mechanical systems is developed. The new method accommodates a large class of one‐step integrators for the underlying state equations. The state equations under consideration govern the motion of affine Hamiltonian control systems. If the optimal control problem has symmetry, associated generalized momentum maps are conserved along an optimal path. This is in accordance with an extension of Noether's theorem to the realm of optimal control problems. In the present work, we focus on optimal control problems with rotational symmetries. The newly proposed direct approach is capable of exactly conserving generalized momentum maps associated with rotational symmetries of the optimal control problem. This is true for a variety of one‐step integrators used for the discretization of the state equations. Examples are the one‐step theta method, a partitioned variant of the theta method, and energy‐momentum (EM) consistent integrators. Numerical investigations confirm the theoretical findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.