Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone

Previous studies have shown that the latitude of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is negatively correlated with cross-equatorial atmospheric energy transport and that the ITCZ shifts southward as the northern hemisphere cools and the northward cross-equatorial energy transport strengthens. However, it has remained unclear what controls the sensitivity of the ITCZ position to cross-equatorial energy transport, and what other factors may lead to shifts of the ITCZ position. In this thesis, it is shown how an energetic perspective using the vertically-integrated moist static energy balance of the atmosphere can be used to address this question. Climate states with a double-ITCZ around the equator also occur, for example, seasonally over the eastern Pacific, and frequently in climate models. Here it is shown how the ITCZ position is connected to the energy balance near the equator under a wide range of circumstances, including states with single and double ITCZs and using a Taylor expansion of the meridional energy transport around the equator quantitative estimates for the ITCZ location are derived. Simulations with an idealized aquaplanet general circulation model (GCM) confirm the quantitative adequacy of these relations. Using these ideas, an idealized precipitation model for the tropics is presented that is able to capture variations of paleoclimatological precipitation records on orbital time scales. The results provide a framework for assessing and understanding causes of common climate model biases and for interpreting tropical precipitation changes, such as those evident in records of climates of the past.
Dynamic strength and muscle power in elite and non-elite Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes: a systemat-ic review with meta-analysis

A systematic review with meta-analysis on the dynamic strength and muscle power in elite and non-elite Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes is essential to provide a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the physical attributes critical for performance, allowing for a better understanding of the training needs and physical characteristics that distinguish different levels of athletes in this sport. Therefore, this study endeavors to comprehensively synthesize existing literature on muscle strength and power in the context of BJJ, making a comparative analysis between elite and non-elite athletes. The research was conducted up to April 20, 2022, employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol to systematically search electronic databases using the keywords: "Brazilian Jiu-jitsu" or "BJJ" or "Jiu-jitsu" and "power" or "muscle power" or "physical fitness" or "muscle strength" or "strength. " Following a rigorous selection process, 26 articles were included in the systematic review. Subsequently, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) tool was employed for evidence assessment. The primary assessments of dynamic strength encompassed protocols involving the Bench press, squat, and pull-up-gi. In the context of muscle power, the meta-analysis considered parameters such as the countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, and variables derived from jump power assessed on the force platform, including Peak velocity, peak power, mean power, and maximum force. The data showed a substantial effect size for strength [1.012 (p≤0.0001)] and a moderate effect size for power [0.619 (p≤0.0001)], indicating superior performance among elite athletes compared to their non-elite counterparts. Although power is predominant in most BJJ actions, strength emerges as a crucial element distinguishing elite from non-elite athletes in this sport. This realization carries significant implications for training and injury prevention, as both strength and power necessitate specialized training to enhance performance in the sport. Keywords: Physical Fitness, Martial Arts, Sport Physiology, Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena, Judo
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil methane uptake in disturbed forests

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is generally thought to suppress soil methane (CH4) uptake in natural forests, and phosphorus (P) input may alleviate this negative effect. However, it remains unclear how N and P inputs control soil CH4 uptake in disturbed forests. In this study, soil CH4 uptake rates were measured in two disturbed forests, including a secondary forest (with previous, but not recent, disturbance) and a plantation forest (with recent continuous disturbance), in southern China for 34 months of N and/or P additions: control, N addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1), P addition (150 kg P ha−1 yr−1), and NP addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 plus 150 kg P ha−1 yr−1). Mean CH4 uptake rate in control plots was significantly higher in the secondary forest (24.40 ± 0.81 µg CH4‐C m−2 h−1) than in the plantation forest (17.07 ± 0.70 µg CH4‐C m−2 h−1). CH4 uptake rate had negative relationships with soil water‐filled pore space in both forests. In the secondary forest, N, P, and NP additions significantly decreased CH4 uptake by 39.7%, 27.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, but had no significant effects in the plantation forest, indicating that P input does not alleviate the suppression of CH4 uptake by N deposition. Taken together, our findings suggest that reducing anthropogenic disturbance, including harvesting of forest floor, and anthropogenic N and P inputs will increase soil CH4 uptake in disturbed forests, which is important in view of the increased trends in global warming during recent decades.
Das "dinâmicas naturais" aos "usos e conflitos": uma reflexão sobre a evolução epistemológica da linha do "costeiro" From "natural dynamics" to "uses and conflicts": a reflection on the epistemologic evolution of the "coastal"

This article discusses the pertinence of a specific line of research about the uses of and conflicts in coastal environments, since research lines dealing with traditional urban and rural cuts could have the necessary potential to accomplish interdisciplinary research about coastal areas. Academic reasons for the creation of the line, as well as arguments in favor of its specificity as a territorial analysis cut, are presented here. The complexity and the “novelty” of some coastal area phenomena, as scientific objects, don’t allow us to see them as particular cases of the conventional urban and rural issue. Based on examples taken from a round table on the theme, conflict is championed as a category capable of organizing coastal interdisciplinary research. The research about conflicts invokes all the natural and social dynamics necessary for its equation, with the advantage of allowing for more direct application of discoveries to the management process. Key-words: coastal area, research, interdisciplinarity, conflicts, territories.
Observations of asymmetric turbulent stirring in inner and marginal seas using satellite imagery

ABSTRACT For the open ocean, it was already reported on the cyclonic (anticyclonic) asymmetry of appearance of eddies of a certain spatial scale. In this article, we scrutinize the ratios of mostly mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in a number of inner and marginal marine basins, namely in the Baltic, Black, North, and Western Mediterranean Seas. As research material, over 9700 eddy manifestations in the thermal infrared, visible-range, and radar satellite imagery were used. The analysis performed showed that in all the seas the typical and average values of the diameter of anticyclonic eddies were greater than those of cyclonic eddies. The main factor that defines the ratio between anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies in the basins under consideration was discovered to be the intensity of their surface currents. Thus, in the presence of a strong jet flow at the scales of about 2–4 baroclinic Rossby radii, the cyclonic eddy dominance typical for smaller eddies was replaced by the anticyclonic one. If strong jet streams were missing, as that typical of the Baltic Sea, cyclonic eddies were prevailing over the entire spectrum of eddy diameters.
Bronchodilator Responsiveness Measured by Spirometry and Impulse Oscillometry in Patients with Asthma After Short Acting Antimuscarinic and/or Beta-2-Agonists Inhalation

Background Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in asthma involves both the central and peripheral airways but is primarily relieved with beta-2-agonists and evaluated by spirometry. To date, antimuscarinics can be added as a reliever medication in more severe asthma. We hypothesize that combining both short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) and short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) could also improve the responsiveness in mild-moderate asthma. Therefore, we aimed to compare the direct effects of inhaling SABA alone, SAMA alone or combining both SABA and SAMA on the central and peripheral airways in asthma. Methods Twenty-three patients with mild-moderate BDR in asthma performed dynamic spirometry and impulse oscillometry before (baseline) and multiple timepoints within an hour after inhalation of SABA (salbutamol), SAMA (ipratropium bromide), or both SABA and SAMA at three different visits. Results The use of SAMA alone did not show any improvement compared to the use of SABA alone. Inhalation of SABA+SAMA, however, averaged either similar or better BDR than SABA alone in FEV1, MMEF, FVC, R5, R20 and R5-R20. Inhaling SABA+SAMA reached a stable BDR in more patients within 0–10 minutes and also reached the FEV1 (Δ%)>12% faster (3.5 minutes) than inhaling SABA alone (5.1 minutes). Inhaling SABA+SAMA was significantly better than SAMA alone in FEV1 (p = 0.015), MMEF (p = 0.0059) and R20 (p = 0.0049). Using these three variables highlighted a subgroup (30%, including more males) of patients that were more responsive to inhaling SABA+SAMA than SABA alone. Conclusion Overall, combining SAMA with SABA was faster and more consistent at increasing the lung function than SABA alone or SAMA alone, and the additive effect was best captured by incorporating peripheral-related variables. Therefore, SAMA should be considered as an add-on reliever for mild-moderate patients with BDR in asthma.
Effectiveness of Jacobson Relaxation Technique and Bhastrika Pranayama on Sleep Quality in Elderly Subjects

Background: Insomnia continues to be one of the most prevalent sleep disorders seen in geriatric clinic population.It is typically characterized by the subjective complaints of trouble falling asleep, or experiencing nonrestorativesleep. This study was developed to determine the effectiveness of Jacobson relaxation techniques and Bhastrikapranayama on sleep quality in elderly subjects.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of jacobson relaxation techniques and Bhastrika pranayama on sleep qualityin elderly subjects.Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental study . A total of 86 people participated in the studybased on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the participants were chosen from the old age home . The subjects whowere willing to participate were divided into two separate groups as Group A (43 subjects) received jacobsonrelaxation techniques and Group B (43 subjects) received Bhastrika pranayama. All the 86 subjects were assessedwith insomnia severity index scale. This techniques was given for 2 weeks , 5 days per week. Pre and post testvalues were calculated and tabulated.Study period: November 2022 to June 2023.Results: According to statistical analysis Jacobson relaxation techniques are effective in improving the sleepquality in elderly subjects with p value of <0.0001. Conclusion: This study finally concluded that Jacobson relaxation techniques have a higher impact “compared toBhastrika Pranayama ” in improving sleep quality in elderly subjects and also the quality of life in elderly subjects.
Moving the Ambisonics Sweet-Spot by Adapting Loudspeaker Equalization and Ambisonics Decoding

* Virtual acoustic environments are becoming a widespread tool in hearing research. Free-field reproduction allows the design of more realistic experiments, where participants can turn their heads and move around without the need for individualized Head-related transfer functions or head tracking. A limitation of commonly used sound field synthesis techniques, in particular Ambisonics, is their decreasing accuracy with increasing distance from the center of the loudspeaker array. While participants can move around in the reproduced sound field, it is not possible to control the sound field they receive at off-center positions to the degree required for hearing research. In this work, we consider a two-dimensional 36-loudspeaker array, where the loudspeakers are typically equalized in the center of the array. We investigate the possibility of moving the Ambisonics sweet-spot by equalizing the loudspeakers at different points inside the loudspeaker array. Simulations show that at least 50% of the sweet-spot size is preserved when moving the equalization point. Adapting the relative loudspeaker positions for the Ambisonics decoding reduces the parallax shift observed in Ambisonics systems.
Estimation of Excitation Position of Platform Excitation Antenna Using Short Dipole Antenna

Miniaturization of antennas leads to a decrease in radiation efficiency and bandwidth. To overcome this problem, the excitation of the platform has been proposed to make the platform function as a radiator of the antenna. This paper proposes the evaluation method to evaluate the amount of excitation of the platform to improve efficiency of the small antenna. By using a low-efficiency dipole antenna with the size of 1/600 wavelength, the radiation efficiency of the whole system including the platform is evaluated.
Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Dwarfing in Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Polyploid breeding techniques aid in the cultivation of new forestry cultivars, thus expanding the suite of strategies for the improvement of arboreal traits and innovation within the field of forestry. Compared to diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) ‘D26-5①’ (2×), its dwarfed homologous tetraploid ‘D26-5②’ (4×) variety has better application prospects in garden vegetation guardrails and urban landscape. However, the molecular mechanism of the generation and growth of this dwarf variety is still unclear. Here, plant growth and development as well as histological differences between the diploid and its autotetraploid were investigated. Levels of endogenous hormones at three different developmental stages (20, 40, and 70 days) of 2× and homologous 4× tissue culture plantlets were assessed, and it was found that the brassinosteroid (BR) contents of the former were significantly higher than the latter. Transcriptome sequencing data analysis of 2× and homologous 4× showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, sugar and starch metabolism, and the plant circadian rhythm pathway, which are closely related to plant growth and development. Therefore, these biological pathways may be important regulatory pathways leading to dwarfism and slow growth in tetraploids. Additionally, utilizing weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified three crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs)—PRR5, CYP450, and SPA1—that potentially underlie the observed ploidy variation. This study provides a new reference for the molecular mechanism of dwarfism in dwarfed autotetraploid black locusts. Collectively, our results of metabolite analysis and comparative transcriptomics confirm that plant hormone signaling and the circadian rhythm pathway result in dwarfism in black locusts.
A Study on Correlation Between Vegetation Division and Construction of Forest and Grasslands in Loess Plateau of Northern Shannxi

According to the geographical distribution of vegetation, background of plant district,geographical change of the environmental condition,and the practice of afforesting and planting grass,the vegetation can been divided into broad leaf forest zone, fores grass and dry grassland zone, desert grassland zone from south to north.On Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, there are two important ecological lines:one is nearly in Yan'an city, where the south is forest area, the north is grassland area. Another line is nearly in Great Wall zone,where the south is forest grass zone, the north is dry and desert prairie.The vegetation division is an important theory basis for afforesting and planting grass, the author suggest that the two ecological lines must be paid a great attention to so as to make practice of planting tree and grass correspond with the rule of vegetation division.
Comparison of Hand Grip Strength Between Physiotherapy Students and Dental Students

occupations, having a strong grip is a necessary requirement for success. Differences in the nature of the work,the workplace, and the things that professionals handle may be responsible for these behaviors. A good hand gripis highly helpful in a variety of hand-intensive occupations like physiotherapy and dentistry. Musculoskeletaldisorders, especially in the hand and wrist region, are common and have a great impact on work life.Purpose: The need for this study is to evaluate and compare the differences in hand grip strength betweenphysiotherapy and dental students and to see if clinical training for physiotherapy students and dental studentswill have an impact on their hand grip strength.Materials and methods: 100 subjects were selected from Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciencesbased on the selection criteria where 50 subjects were physiotherapy students(interns) and 50 subjects were dentalstudents(interns). The hand grip strength of the subjects was assessed with the help of a hand dynamometer andthe measurements were recorded. The entire study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023.Result: The results of this study shows that there was a difference between both the groups and that physiotherapystudents have better hand grip when compared to the dental students.Conclusion: The results and the data obtained from this research concluded that grip strength of physiotherapystudents is more than that of dental students.
Prediction of Student Performance Based on Behavior using E-Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic using Support Vector Machine

The COVID-19 crisis has profoundly impacted many sectors globally, including education, necessitating the shift from traditional in-person learning to independent or online learning through various digital platforms. The integrity of e-learning can be ensured by leveraging e-learning behavioral data. The objective of this research is to develop a novel data model to navigate the educational challenges of the COVID-19 era. Previous studies employed the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique to predict student performance in an e-learning setting, yet they failed to contrast different SVM kernels and their outcomes. In contrast, this study uses SVM and compares three types of kernels: Radial, Polynomial, and Linear. The dataset used for this research was procured from X-API-Edu-Data. The SVM technique was utilized in a unique way to process the data, which comprised 17 variables and 40 observations. Notably, all 17 variables were character variables, with only four being numeric. Two variables, Raisedhands and Discussion, were selected for analysis due to their key role in effective learning and their association with student performance in an e-learning environment. The evaluation of the model was performed using the Topic variable, which represents the subjects in the dataset. The research findings revealed a marked improvement in accuracy compared to earlier studies. Among the three SVM kernels tested - Radial, Polynomial, and Linear, the Polynomial kernel demonstrated superior accuracy with a score of 0.9979. Therefore, the Polynomial model was deemed most appropriate for analyzing the Topic variable. In conclusion, the study indicates that the application of the e-learning method, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic, proved highly effective in forecasting student performance.
Farming for the future: an introduction to low-external-input and sustainable agriculture.

Part 1 LEISA - an emerging option: agriculture and instability sustainability and farmers - making decisions at the farm level technology development by farmers. Part 2 Principles and possibilities of LEISA: low-external-input farming and agroecology basic ecological principles of LEISA development of LEISA systems. Part 3 Linking farmers and scientists in developing LEISA technologies: actors and activities in developing LEISA technologies PTD in practice - process and methods.
Using practical and social information to influence flood adaptation behavior

As the prospect for more frequent and severe extreme weather events gains scientific support, many nations are evaluating mitigation and adaptation options. Insurance and home retrofits could reduce household welfare losses due to flood events. Yet even after disasters, households often fail to take risk mitigation actions. This paper presents the first randomized field experiment that tests the effect of information provision on household uptake of flood insurance and home retrofits. A sample of 364 flood‐prone households in Bangkok was randomly split into treatment and control groups. The treatment group received practical details on home retrofits and flood insurance as well as social information regarding the insurance purchase decisions of peers. Results indicate that the information intervention increased insurance purchases by about five percentage points, while no effect was detected for home retrofits. This effect is nearly equal to the increase in uptake that the national insurance program in Thailand has achieved through all other means since its establishment in 2012. If scaled up to include all uninsured, flood‐prone households in Bangkok, nearly 70,000 additional households could be insured. The results suggest that well‐designed information interventions could increase uptake of flood insurance, without additional premium subsidies or mandates.
An in silico approach to identify potential downstream targets of miR-153 involved in Alzheimer’s disease

Background: In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Messenger RNA (mRNA) targeting for regulation of gene expression by miRNAs has been implicated in the annotation of disease pathophysiology as well as in the explication of their starring role in contemporary therapeutic interventions. One such miRNA is miR-153 which mediates the survival of cortical neurons and inhibits plaque formation. However, the core mRNA targets of miR-153 have not been fully illustrated. Objective: The present study aimed to elucidate the potential involvement of miR-153 in AD pathogenesis and to reveal its downstream targets. Methods: miRanda was used to identify AD-associated targets of miR-153. TargetScan, PicTar, miRmap, and miRDB were further used to validate these targets. STRING 12 was employed to assess the protein-protein interaction network while Gene ontology (GO) analysis was carried out to identify the molecular functions exhibited by these gene targets. Results: In silico analysis using miRanda predicted five important AD-related targets of miR-153, including APP, SORL1, PICALM, USF1, and PSEN1. All five target genes are negatively regulated by miR-153 and are substantially involved in AD pathogenesis. A protein interaction network using STRING 12 uncovered 30 potential interacting partners for SORL1, PICALM, and USF1. GO analysis revealed that miR-153 target genes play a critical role in neuronal survival, differentiation, exon guidance, amyloid precursor protein processing, and synapse formation. Conclusion: These findings unravel the potential role of miR-153 in the pathogenesis of AD and provide the basis for forthcoming experimental studies.