Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residual coding with a JPEG2000 framework for controlling L-infinity error applied to ultraspectral sounder data

This paper presents a follow-up to last year's SPIE meeting where we presented a residual encoding method to control maximum absolute error (MAE) based on JPEG2000 Part 2 standard and which was applied to hyperspectral data. In this paper, we evaluate an improved version of the approach on the ultraspectral sounder satellite data made available by NOAA. The data set used consists of a subset of 1,501 bands out of the 2,378 total and where each band is an image of size 90 by 135 pixels. Each pixel or data value is a digital count integer that requires 12 - 14 bits to represent. We present compression performance using a transform in the band (z- or cross-component) direction. We use either the Karhunen-Loeve transform or the discrete wavelet transform with a non-uniform bit-rate allocation to take advantage of the energy compaction. One of the main features of this compression scheme is that residuals (original minus the decompressed values) are also coded in order to control the MAE; therefore, lossless compression can also be accomplished by using a desired MAE of 0.5. In all cases, the quantized residuals are losslessly encoded using the embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT) bit-plane encoding method that is part of JPEG2000 Part 1. Finally, our recent algorithm for automatically choosing the best (smallest total) combination of the two contributing bit rates is also extended to the 3-dimensional case. The two rates are: (1) the Open Loop rate for the lossy compression using JPEG2000 Part 2 by itself and (2) the EBCOT rate that results from the coding of the quantized residuals. The basis for the approach is the modeling of the residuals using generalized Gaussian random variables. Results for lossless and near-lossless compression will be presented using both an exhaustive search and the automatic search method for finding the minimum overall bit rate.
Gain perturbation tolerance in H∞ state feedback control

The gain perturbation tolerance property of H∞ -optimal state feedback (HISF) systems is considered. The following two problems are discussed: (1) for what gain perturbations would the perturbed closed-loop system remain stable? (2) for what gain perturbations would the perturbed closed-loop transfer function satisfy the specified H∞ norm performance? In each case we establish general sufficient conditions in the frequency domain. In particular, under a certain orthogonality condition, the HISF systems are shown to possess an infinite gain increase tolerance for stability. The result obtained also provides insight into the gain reduction tolerance problem. Furthermore, we show that, under certain conditions, the specified H∞ -norm performance of the HISF systems is preserved even with an infinite gain increase. Concerning closed-loop performance robustness against gain perturbations, we see remarkable differences between the case where controlled outputs include a direct transmission of controls and the c.
The Spectrum and Light Curve of CH Cygni during its Recent Broad Minimum

During 2006 CH Cyg declined steadily from V = 7.3 to 9.4, which is close to the faintest recorded minimum of 11.0 achieved after its outburst in the 1980s. We present light and color curves as well as low-resolution spectra that demonstrate that the decline was largely due to an increase in circumstellar absorption. In addition to the main 95 day pulsation period, a long secondary period of 1410 days, which is twice the spectroscopic period noted by Hinkle et al., modulates the pulsation light curve of the M7 III cool giant. The presence of two pulsation periodicities with such a large ratio is typical of AGB semiregular stars. Spectra of resolution 35,000 show the usual absorption lines of the M6 giant and various emission lines, especially Fe II and [Fe II], with radial velocities showing gas on the near side of CH Cyg to be expanding at 10 km s-1. Sharp resonance lines of Na I and K I in absorption show expansions of 20 and 40 km s-1.
Modeling of optical waveguide modulators on III-V semiconductors

Efficient two-dimensional algorithms for the analysis of optical waveguide modulators are developed. The basic semiconductor equations are solved numerically taking into account carrier degeneracy, heterojunctions, and the nonparabolic band structure of the GaAs- and InP-based III-V compounds. An analytical, semiempirical model is utilized for the fundamental dielectric function. The variation of the dielectric function due to field related and carrier related phenomena, i.e., linear electrooptic-, electrorefractive- and plasma effects, bandfilling and bandgap shrinkage, are considered. The induced anisotropy and losses are described by a dielectric tensor. Therefore, the vectorial wave equation is solved using a perturbation method. The theoretical results are in excellent agreement with experimental data. >
Femtosecond electron diffraction: an atomic perspective of condensed phase dynamics

Femtosecond electron diffraction (FED) is a new technique within the still-developing field of ultrafast diffraction. This paper presents an outline of the basic features of FED, including a brief history of its development in terms of the technical challenges of working with femtosecond electron pulses and the ultrathin samples required. Application of FED to melting in aluminium and gold excited by intense femtosecond laser pulses will be discussed. The interplay of experiment and theory will be explored, particularly with respect to molecular dynamics simulations of the same processes we experimentally observe. Homogeneous nucleation emerges as an important melting mechanism under the strongly-driving conditions that we employ. Future applications of FED will be discussed in terms of progress to date.
Diamond-metal interfaces and the theory of Schottky barriers

A self-consistent pseudopotential calculation of the diamond-metal interface is used to examine interface states and empirical correlation for the dependence of the Schottky-barrier height and interface index, S, on ionicity. The properties of dimaond are crucial because of its large gap and zero ionicity. Predictions based on experimental extrapolations give S approx. = 0. Our calculations give S = 0.4 and a barrier height of 2.2 eV; the latter is in good agreement with experiment.
Stochastic Models Involving Second Order Lévy Motions

This thesis is based on five papers (A-E) treating estimation methods for unbounded densities, random fields generated by Levy processes, behavior of Levy processes at level crossings, and a Markov random field mixtures of multivariate Gaussian fields. In Paper A we propose an estimator of the location parameter for a density that is unbounded at the mode. The estimator maximizes a modified likelihood in which the singular term in the full likelihood is left out, whenever the parameter value approaches a neighborhood of the singularity location. The consistency and super-efficiency of this maximum leave-one-out likelihood estimator is shown through a direct argument. In Paper B we prove that the generalized Laplace distribution and the normal inverse Gaussian distribution are the only subclasses of the generalized hyperbolic distribution that are closed under convolution. In Paper C we propose a non-Gaussian Matern random field models, generated through stochastic partial differential equations, with the class of generalized Hyperbolic processes as noise forcings. A maximum likelihood estimation technique based on the Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization algorithm is presented, and it is shown how to preform predictions at unobserved locations. In Paper D a novel class of models is introduced, denoted latent Gaussian random filed mixture models, which combines the Markov random field mixture model with the latent Gaussian random field models. The latent model, which is observed under a measurement noise, is defined as a mixture of several, possible multivariate, Gaussian random fields. Selection of which of the fields is observed at each location is modeled using a discrete Markov random field. Efficient estimation methods for the parameter of the models is developed using a stochastic gradient algorithm. In Paper E studies the behaviour of level crossing of non-Gaussian time series through a Slepian model. The approach is through developing a Slepian model for underlying random noise that drives the process which crosses the level. It is demonstrated how a moving average time series driven by Laplace noise can be analyzed through the Slepian noise approach. Methods for sampling the biased sampling distribution of the noise are based on an Gibbs sampler. (Less)
PML2: the maskless multibeam solution for the 22nm node and beyond

Projection Mask-Less Lithography (PML2) is a potentially cost-effective multi electron-beam solution for the 22 nm half-pitch node and beyond. PML2 is targeted on using hundreds of thousands of individually addressable electron-beams working in parallel, thereby pushing the potential throughput into the wafers per hour regime. With resolution potential of < 10 nm, PML2 is designed to meet the requirements of several upcoming tool generations.
3-Algebras in String Theory

In this chapter, we review 3-algebras that appear as fundamental properties of string theory. 3-algebra is a generalization of Lie algebra; it is defined by a tri-linear bracket instead of by a bi-linear bracket, and satisfies fundamental identity, which is a generalization of Jacobi iden‐ tity [1], [2], [3]. We consider 3-algebras equipped with invariant metrics in order to apply them to physics.
ASYMPTOTICS FOR COINTEGRATED PROCESSES WITH INFREQUENT STOCHASTIC LEVEL SHIFTS AND OUTLIERS

This is an analytical study of the effect of level-shift and temporary-change components, when present but neglected, on the trace test for cointegration. The contribution is threefold. First, we discuss in a multivariate framework, and jointly, effects that in the previous literature have been discussed in a univariate setting and in isolation. Second, we consider a rather general specification of shifts and outliers with random size, number, and timing and with flexible dynamics. It nests the classical cases of additive shifts, innovational outliers, and additive outliers. Third, as an instrument for this analysis we develop an asymptotic theory for product moment matrices of linear processes with stochastic level-shift components, generalizing results of Leipus and Viano (2003, Statistics and Probability Letters 61, 177–190).
The high-redshift deuterium abundance: The z = 3.086 absorption complex towards Q 0420 - 388

The redshift Zabs = 3.08 absorption complex towards the Zem = 3.12 quasar 0420 - 388 has high H I column density components with heavy element abundances -1/10 solar. A low-redshift component of the complex has HI column density -10 18 cm- 2, and some of the higher order Lyman lines are clean enough to permit a measurement of the deuterium column density for this component. However, while the putative deuterium column density is fairly well-determined, the H I column density is very uncertain so, if the deuterium identification is correct, the D /H
Surface topology from multi-angular reflectivity

A surface scanner has been developed which records the light from an approximately flat surface at up to sixteen different angles. The scanner simultaneously records images of the surface as an illuminated spot is traversed across the surface. The optical design of the scanner allows the use of just one parabolic mirror slightly larger than the scan length required, and small detectors for the reflected/scattered light at each angle. Design principles for the scanner are developed and some resulting images on surfaces presented. The data from the above scanner is used to compute the surface topology of a surface by integrating the surface slope measurements obtained from the multi-angle data. This is accomplished by obtaining an estimation of surface slope at each pixel position. Constraints are then imposed on the data to obtain a continuous three-dimensional surface. The surface obtained is compared with data obtained from the surface by measuring with a "Talysurf" stylus measurement machine. To do this a common coordinate frame is needed requiring a rotation and scaling in two directions of one of the data sets to obtain maximum cross-correlation between the three dimensional profiles.
Atomic Diffusion and Radiative Accelerations in Stars

Atomic diffusion can have detectable effects in many kinds of stars, each time that mixing processes are not efficient enough to prevent the build up of abundance stratifications. In this talk, after presentation of some general aspects about diffusion processes in stars, I will discuss the role of radiative acceleration which is one of the important quantities determining diffusion velocities. I will also discuss some aspects specific to stellar atmospheres, in particular for stars exhibiting strong magnetic fields.
Low-cost high-haze films based on ZnO nanorods for light scattering in thin c-Si solar cells

Light scattering from ZnO nanorods (NR) is investigated, modeled, and applied to a solar cell. ZnO NR (120–1300 nm long, 280–60 nm large), grown by low-cost chemical bath deposition at 90 °C, exhibit diffused-to-total transmitted light as high as 70% and 30% in the 400 and 1000 nm wavelength range, respectively. Data and scattering simulation show that ZnO NR length plays a crucial role in light diffusion effect. A transparent ZnO NR film grown on glass and placed on top of a 1 μm thick c-Si solar cell is shown to enhance the light-current conversion efficiency for wavelengths longer than 600 nm.
Anomalous Cross-Field Transport of Electrons Driven by the Electron-Ion Hybrid Instability Due to the Velocity Shear in a Magnetized Filamentary Plasma

The effect of cross-field velocity shear of electrons on the plasma transport has been experimentally investigated in a steady-state filamentary plasma whose effective column radius rp is smaller than the ion Larmor radius ρi and much larger than the electron Larmor radius ρe (ρe≪rp<ρi). When the shear frequency ωS (=v0/LE, where v0 is the maximum flow velocity in the sheared flow and LE is the shear scale length), which is the measure of the strength of the velocity shear, becomes much larger than the lower hybrid frequency, electrostatic plasma fluctuations of the lower hybrid range of frequency are excited in the significantly sheared flow. It is observed that these enhanced fluctuations induce the anomalous, non-ambipolar diffusion of electrons across magnetic field lines. The estimated cross-field diffusion coefficient of electrons obeys the Bohm scaling. The observed instability can be identified as the electron-ion hybrid shear instability through comparison between experimental and numerically obtained results.
Color constancy and a changing illumination

The color constancy problem has proven to be very hard to solve. This is even true in the simple Mondriaan world where a planar patchwork of matte surfaces is viewed under a single illuminant. In this paper we consider the color constancy problem given two images of a Mondriaan viewed under different illuminants. We show that if surface reflectances are well modeled by 3 basis functions and illuminants by up to 5 basis functions then we can, theoretically, solve for color constancy given 3 surfaces viewed under 2 illuminants. The number of recoverable dimensions in the illuminant depends on the spectral characteristics of the sensors. Specifically if for a given sensor set a von Kries type, diagonal model of color constancy is sufficient then we show that at most 2 illuminant parameters can be retrieved. Recent work has demonstrated that for the human visual system a diagonal matrix is a good model of color constancy given an appropriate choice of sensor basis. We might predict therefore, that we can recover at most 2 illuminant parameters. We present simulations which indicate that this in fact the case.
Micromagnetic analysis of the Rashba field on current-induced domain wall propagation

The current-driven domain wall propagation along a thin ferromagnetic strip with high perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy is studied by means of micromagnetic simulations with emphasis on the role of the Rashba field, which has been predicted to play a dominant role in multilayer stacks with structure inversion asymmetry. Taking into account the surface roughness and thermal fluctuations, the results show a current dependence of the domain wall velocity in good qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations. It depicts (i) a low-current creep regime, where the domain wall velocity increases exponentially and (ii) a high-current linear regime where the wall propagates rigidly with a higher mobility than the one expected in the turbulent Walker regime. The analysis seems to be essential in order to get a better understanding of the magnitude of the non-adiabatic torque by direct comparison with experimental measurements.
Classical link invariants and the Burau representation.

The object of this paper is to show how to use the Burau representation of the Artin braid group to calculate some invariants of an oriented link in S 3 . More precisely, we obtain (a) generators and relations for the Alexander module, and (b) a unimodular (-ί)-Hermitian form on the torsion submodule of the Alexander module (see below for a precise statement). Scaling our form by (1 — t~ ι ) yields a Hermitian form which, for knots, is probably the Blanchfield form. If so, it would then follow from Trotter that the S-equivalence class of the Seifert form of a knot can be computed from the Burau representation. Even if this form is the Blanchfield form for knots, the situation for links is less clear because (1 — t~ ι ) need not be invertible in the endomorphism ring of the Alexander module.
Influence of trapped Abrikosov vortices on the critical current of the Josephson tunnel junction

Values for the maximum Josephson critical current (Icmax) and distortion of the dependence of the critical current (Ic) on magnetic field applied parallel to the plane of the tunnel junction (H/sub ///) are calculated for different configurations of Abrikosov vortices in a wide range of their concentration. An experimental procedure is developed to trap both misaligned dipole vortices and monopole vortices in the Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson tunnel junction for study of their influence on the Ic(H/sub ///) curves and the value of Icmax. The results of the theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental data.
Improved theoretical and experimental models for the coaxial colinear antenna

An improved theoretical model of the coaxial colinear (COCO) antenna is presented that takes into account different element lengths and power transfers between the antenna and the transmission lines. The antenna equation now contains an exact kernel instead of an approximate kernel and a piecewise constant basis function is used instead of a piecewise linear function, yielding faster results. More points are used for better accuracy and yet faster computations. The linear systems of equations of the theoretical model are solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Uniform and tapered current distributions are obtained experimentally and theoretically on end-fed coaxial colinear antennas. There is reasonable agreement between theory and measurements. The gains of a few COCO antennas relative to equivalent lengths of half-wave dipoles are given. >
Goodness of Fit Tests for Logistic GEE Models: Simulation Results

Abstract Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) have become a popular regression method for analyzing clustered binary data. Methods to assess the goodness of fit of the fitted models have recently been developed. However, published evaluations of these methods under various scenarios are limited. Research conducted for the ordinary logistic regression model provided the basis for a newly computed mean and variance for the Pearson statistic and the unweighted sums of squares statistic for the GEE case. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of these statistics under various scenarios. The factors that were varied were the number of clusters, the number of observations within a cluster, the magnitude of the correlation, and the number and type of covariates included in the model. Overall, the Pearson and unweighted sums of squares statistics had a satisfactory performance of a type I error rate and are potentially effective in evaluating goodness of fit under certain conditions.
The affine invariant of proper semitoric integrable systems

This paper initiates the study of semitoric integrable systems with two degrees of freedom and with proper momentum-energy map, but with possibly nonproper S1-momentum map. This class of systems includes many standard examples, such as the spherical pendulum. To each such system we associate a subset of R2, invariant under a natural notion of isomorphism and encoding the integral affine structure of the singular Lagrangian fibration, in the spirit of Delzant polygons for toric systems.
New blind equalization techniques based on constant modulus algorithm

New blind equalization techniques based on the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) are investigated. Since CMA is phase-blind, an output constellation has a phase error at convergence. The modified constant modulus algorithm (MCMA) that accomplishes blind equalization and carrier phase recovery simultaneously is proposed. Then, the performance of the MCMA is enhanced by incorporating a decision-directed (DD) algorithm. The resultant scheme, dual-mode MCMA, achieves the faster convergence speed and smaller residual ISI. A blind decision feedback equalizer (DFE) using MCMA is also presented, which leads to superior performance compared to ones without the feedback path over the channel with in-band spectral nulls. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques on various channels and signals.
Reverse Annealing of Arsenic-Implanted Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) Amorphous-Silicon Films

The reverse annealing of arsenic-implanted amorphous-silicon films has been observed. The dose dependence of this phenomenon is also investigated. For the specimens implanted with the dosage of 4×1014 ion/cm2, the sheet resistances show an increase in the annealing temperature range from 700 to 850°C, which is attributed to the segregation of the activated dopants to the grain boundaries. This reverse annealing phenomenon is less prominent and the turnaround temperature is lower for the implantation dosage of 2×1015 ion/cm2, which is attributed to the effects of dopant segregation which decreases with increasing implantation dosage. Consequently, this reverse annealing phenomenon was not observed for the case of dosage of 1×1016 ion/cm2.