Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Evacuation Shelter Deficits in the Houston–Galveston Metropolitan Area

Evacuation is frequently used by emergency managers and other officials as part of an overall approach to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with hurricane landfall. In this study, the evacuation shelter capacity of the Houston–Galveston Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was spatially assessed and shelter deficits in the region were estimated. These data provide essential information needed to eliminate shelter deficits and ensure a successful evacuation from a future storm. Spatial statistical methods—Global Moran's I, Anselin Local Moran's I (Local Indicators of Spatial Association [LISA]), and Hot Spot Analysis (Getis‐Ord Gi*) were used to assess for regional spatial autocorrelation and clustering of evacuation shelters in the Houston–Galveston MSA. Shelter deficits were estimated in four ways—the aggregate deficit for the Houston–Galveston MSA, by evacuation Zip‐Zone, by county, and by distance or radii of evacuation Zip‐Zone. Evacuation shelters were disproportionately distributed in the region, with lower capacity shelters clustered closer to evacuation Zip‐Zones (50 miles from the Coastal Zip‐Zone), and higher capacity shelters clustered farther away from the zones (120 miles from the Coastal Zip‐Zone). The aggregate shelter deficit for the Houston–Galveston MSA was 353,713 persons. To reduce morbidity and mortality associated with future hurricanes in the Houston–Galveston MSA, authorities should consider the development and implementation of policies that would improve the evacuation shelter capacity of the region. Eliminating shelter deficits, which has been done successfully in the state of Florida, is an essential element of protecting the public from hurricane impacts.
PECULIAR NUCLEI OF GALAXIES

613 SB(rs)bc fB-fS3 AN This note 1097 SB(s)b gBp HS 2 1365 SB(s)b fgB HS 2 1433 SB(r)a gB AN This note 1672 SB(s)b fB AN This note 1808 RSAB(s)a fS5p HS 2 2997 SAB(rs)c fSl HS This note 3351 SB(r)b fgBl HS 2 4051 SAB(rs)bc f? S3N AN This note 4151 SAB(rs)ab: gkS4pN AN This note 4321 SAB(s)bc fgSl HS 2 5236 SAB(s)c fgSl AN This note 5248 SAB(rs)bc fS4 HS 2 7424 SAB(rs)cd afS AN This note 7552 RSB(s)ab fB AN This note
Magnetic flux density distribution in axial flux machine cores

A three-dimensional analytical model is presented to evaluate the magnetic flux density distribution in the core of an axial flux machine. The model predicts significantly higher flux density near the outer radius of the core than that at the inner radius. This has been confirmed by experimental test results. The model also predicts the presence of a curvature-related radial component in the magnetic flux density distribution. It is argued that if it can be established that eddy currents, induced by the tendency for the flux to flow radially, have sufficient shielding effect, then radial flux can be ignored and two-dimensional modelling can be used.
Spectral evolution of a long X-ray burst

Results are reported for spectroscopic observations of an X-ray burstlike event that had a duration of 100 sec and a peak count range 1.5 times that of the Crab Nebula. The best position determined is 356.4 deg galactic longitude, 2.3 deg galactic latitude. It is shown that the spectrum of the source changed as the event evolved, being very soft during the 20-sec peak of the burst, quickly hardening during the decay, and again softening as the decay proceeded. The spectra are fit best by a blackbody model with kT of 0.87 to 2.33 keV, and it is noted that a weak flux was detected some time after the burst and was well fitted by a 10-keV thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum with an indication of iron line emission. A source size is obtained which suggests a neutron star or a black hole of stellar mass.
Electronic structure of mixed-valence silver oxide AgO from hybrid density-functional theory

Mixed-valence AgO has attracted attention due to its utility in battery technologies. Despite this, a nanoscopic understanding of its electronic structure has been lacking and there has been considerable controversy about the formal oxidation states of silver in the system. In this Rapid Communication we study the electronic structure of AgO using density functional theory:generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and a screened hybrid density functional (HSE). GGA is found to be unable to model the mixed valence of the material, resulting in an ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{II}}\text{O}$ symmetric structure. We show conclusively using HSE that the oxidation states of silver in AgO are ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{I}}$ and ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{III}}$, and not ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{I}}$ and ${\text{Ag}}^{\text{II}}$ with holes on neighboring oxygen ions as had previously been predicted.
Antimicrobial Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism frequently associated with implant-related infections, owing to its ability to produce biofilms. These infections are difficult to treat because antimicrobials must cross the biofilm to effectively inhibit bacterial growth. Although some antibiotics can penetrate the biofilm and reduce the bacterial load, it is important to understand that the results of routine sensitivity tests are not always valid for interpreting the activity of different drugs. In this review, a broad discussion on the genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and antimicrobial activity in monotherapy and combination therapy is presented that should benefit researchers engaged in optimizing the treatment of infections associated with S. aureus biofilms.
Linear Analysis of Shallow Water Wave Propagation in Open Channels

Flood wave movement in an open channel can be treated as disturbances imposed at the upstream and downstream boundaries of a channel to an initially steady uniform flow. Linearized, cross sectionally integrated continuity and momentum equations are introduced to describe one-dimensional, unsteady, gradually varied flow in open channels. The Laplace transform method is adopted to obtain first-order analytical spatio-temporal expressions of upstream and downstream channel response functions. These expressions facilitate a critical comparison among different wave approximations in terms of their mathematical properties and physical characteristics. One or two families of characteristic waves, parameterized by an attenuation factor and a wave celerity, are found for various wave approximations. The effects of the downstream boundary condition on different wave approximations are discussed and compared. Wave translation, attenuation, reflection, distortion, and configuration from the analyses are further inves.
A CS survey of low-mass cores and comparison with NH3 observations

CS observations with resolutions of 1-2 arcmin of low-mass molecular cloud cores are presented. The results are compared with those of previous NH3 observations. In comparison with the NH3 emission, the CS emission comes from a larger region and has a larger velocity dispersion. The mass and density derived from the CS data are also larger by 1-2 orders of magnitude than those derived from the NH3 data. On the other hand, both CS and NH3 emission lines are at the same velocity, and statistically both CS and NH3 lines have wider line widths toward cores with associated IRAS sources. This seems to indicate that CS and NH3 are probing regions closely related to star formation in the dense cores in spite of some differences in their properties. 31 refs.
A low‐scattering graded‐index SiO2 planar optical waveguide thermally grown on silicon

Planar graded‐index SiO2 optical waveguides characterized by very low scattering have been fabricated on silicon substrates by thermal oxidation. Three samples having thicknesses on the order of 15 μm are characterized by waveguide losses less than 1 dB/cm. The appearance of the waveguide streak and out‐of‐plane scattering measurements using photon counting indicate extremely low scattering. The low scattering along with the weak field confinement present in the graded‐index waveguides is consistent with the dominant waveguide loss being due to coupling to the silicon substrate.
Absolute stability of a class of nonlinear sampled-data systems

The present investigation studies the problem of absolute stability of a class of nonlinear sampled-data control systems with or without integrators in the loop. An absolute-stability criterion has been obtained by the second method of Lyapunov. The same stability criterion has been derived previously by the authors via the Popov approach. The criterion is shown to be a sufficient condition for the existence of a certain type of Lyapunov function which assures global-asymptotic stability of the class of systems under investigation. In contrast to previous results, the criterion does not place any restriction on the number of integrators in the loop. A systematic step-by-step method for applying the inequality is given, and an example illustrating the application of this frequency-domain inequality and a comparison with previous results are presented. The method is found to be versatile and more effective, and, in general, a better stability boundary can be obtained.
POLYMER CONFORMATION NEAR THE CRITICAL POINT OF A BINARY MIXTURE

Conformation of a flexible linear polymer (polyacrylic acid, PAA) in a binary mixture (water 1 2,6lutidine, LW) near the critical point of LW is studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) by which the diffusivities of the polymer molecules and the critical composition fluctuation of the LW are measured. The DLS measurements, supplemented by viscosity data, show that the PAA molecule in LW shrinks when approaching the critical point of LW. At temperature T close to the critical temperature Tc when the correlation length j of LW is comparable to the intermolecular distance of PAA, we find that j ~ s1 2 TyTcd with n ­ 0.44 6 0.03 which is smaller than n ­ 0.60 of pure LW. [S0031-9007(97)05094-1]
Spectral properties and lifetimes of neutral fermions and bosons in a magnetic quadrupole trap

We investigate the motion of neutral fermions and bosons in a three-dimensional magnetic quadrupole trap. Inspecting the underlying Hamiltonian a variety of symmetries is revealed which give rise to degeneracies of the resonance energies. Our numerical approach which involves the eigenvalue problem resulting from a Sturmian basis set together with the complex scaling method enables us to calculate several hundred resonance states. The distributions of the energies and decay widths of the resonances are analyzed for both spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermions and spin-1 bosons. We also investigate under what conditions quasibound states with long lifetimes can be achieved. An effective scalar Schr\"odinger equation describing such states is derived. The results are applied to the cases of the alkali-metal atoms $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ trapped in a hyperfine ground state.
SPINOR DESCRIPTION OF B-DARBOUX EQUATIONS

In this study, spinor representations of the curves on surfaces have been expressed via B-Darboux frame in Euclidean space E^3. The relation between Darboux and B-Darboux frame has been established according to their spinor formulations. Moreover, all these spinor characterizations have been interpreted in the meaning of Darboux frame (via the curvatures) in Euclidean 3-space. Finally, an application has been presented about the characterizations of the relations between the B-Darboux frame and the spinors.
Climate-related financial disclosure in integrated reporting: what is the impact on the business model? The case of Poste Italiane

Purpose Sustainable development has become a strategic priority for companies. The purpose of this study is to explain what paths a company can take to reconfigure its business model and corporate reporting tools in line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Design/methodology/approach The research used a qualitative approach and drew on stakeholder and legitimacy theories to collect primary and secondary data through in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and observation of corporate documents. Findings Sustainability and climate change issues’ relevance in the business model and reporting requires improvement so that stakeholders can participate and become aware of the actions put in place to limit the climate challenge. Research limitations/implications The results of the case study cannot be subjected to statistical generalisation, as they focus on the Italian context and do not capture the regulatory divergence of different countries. Practical implications The results can help managers experiment with, orient, test and implement business model transformations to increase the level of sustainability within an organisation. In addition, disclosure of climate change risks and opportunities for the company and the resulting impacts, including financial impacts, is now recognised as a key urgency to support the achievement of the SDGs and the stakeholder decision-making process. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by focusing on necessary developments for governance and strategy and on climate change disclosure to support investors’ and other stakeholders’ decision-making processes for corporate social responsibility.
On the role of phase information in conditional sampling

Conditional sampling techniques have been studied in order to better understand the phase relationship between the signal used to detect the events and the sampled data signal. It is shown that whenever there is a mean time delay between these two signals or whenever they are obtained from two different spatial locations, a random phase will exist between them if the signals are obtained from a random environment. This randomness is not accounted for in the usual definitions of conditional sampling, and it can cause a serious degradation of the conditionally averaged results. A corrective method is discussed and illustrated with examples from a turbulent boundary layer.
Use of energy‐space diagrams in free‐electron models of field electron emission

An improved method is reported for deriving the equations for cold field electron emission from a free‐electron metal. It is shown that the derivation of these equations can be presented as a straightforward double integral in a space where the vertical axis represents the total electron energy, and the horizontal axis represents the component of electron kinetic energy parallel to the emitter surface. A general approach is developed that applies to a tunnelling barrier of any shape. It is shown that the temperature‐correction factor derived by Murphy and Good for emission through an image‐rounded barrier also applies to a more general barrier. For the standard image‐rounded barrier the results coincide with those of Murphy and Good, but the derivation is more straightforward mathematically and the physics involved can be visualized more easily. The method developed here should be a good foundation for developing an improved theory of cold field electron emission from semiconductors: the main object of the paper is to lay this foundation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multivariate time series model for the analysis and prediction of carbon monoxide atmospheric concentrations

We use a Bayesian multivariate time series model for the analysis of the dynamics of carbon monoxide atmospheric concentrations. The data are observed at four sites. It is assumed that the logarithm of the observed process can be represented as the sum of unobservable components: a trend, a daily periodicity, a stationary autoregressive signal and an erratic term. Bayesian analysis is performed via Gibbs sampling. In particular, we consider the problem of joint temporal prediction when data are observed at a few sites and it is not possible to fit a complex space–time model. A retrospective analysis of the trend component is also given, which is important in that it explains the evolution of the variability in the observed process.
5G/mm-Wave Fully-Passive Dual Rotman Lens-Based Harmonic mmID for Long Range Microlocalization Over Wide Angular Ranges

In this work, for the first time, a 5G/mm-Wave harmonic frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with dual Rotman lens-based harmonic millimeter identification (mmID) ranging system is proposed enabling ultralong range highly accurate localization for future localized sensing cyberphysical systems (CPSs). A detailed characterization of the fully-passive harmonic mmID is first presented with an estimated maximum harmonic radar cross section (RCS) of −35.8 dBsm and a 10 dB beamwidth of ±50°. The mmID fully overcomes the high-gain beamwidth tradeoff seen in typical high-gain designs enabling robust, ultralong-range detectability. A link budget analysis of the proposed harmonic mmID is presented with the current proof-of-concept (PoC) harmonic radar and with an equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 75 dBm reading ranges in excess of 8 km are envisioned. In addition, the system provides a highly accurate ranging at long range with a bounded maximum ranging error of 17 cm up to 46 m from the radar. Furthermore, the 5G/mm-Wave system capitalizes on the highly sensitive phase information for ultrafine 0.4 mm accurate ranging at 10 m. Thus, the proposed system presents a fully-passive, long-range ranging system for future CPSs.
Cenário atual dos conselhos municipais de segurança alimentar e nutricional em São Paulo: recomendações iniciais na perspectiva da economia agrícola

Based on database information about the active existence of the Food and Nutrition Security Municipal Councils in the state of São Paulo in 2017, we suggest a territorial characterization focusing on two indicators: HDI (Human Development Index) and VPA (Value of Agricultural Production). The results indicate four possible scenarios to understand municipal diversity and priority actions. The intention is to offer an initial diagnosis that can guide public power, business sectors and civil society during the construction and management of government policies on food and nutritional security in the State of São Paulo.
An Wavelet Image Automatic Threshold Selection Denoising Method

A wavelet image automatic threshold selection denoising method based on wavelet transform and genetic algorithm. Firstly, wavelet transition is introduced to an original signal and selecting a wavelet and a level of wavelet decomposition. Secondly, the automatic thresholds of every level of wavelet resolved are obtained by using genetic algorithms. At the same time, the high coefficients of every level were quantized. Thirdly, inverse transition of the coefficients was processed and achieves the final resulting signals. Compared to traditional threshold methods, the proposed method has advantages that it can implement quickly optimal threshold and good capability and stabilization. The final experiments results show that using the proposed algorithm can obtain satisfactory denoising effect.
Dual System in Lattice: Fully Secure ABE from LWE Assumption

Dual system encryption is an important method used in pairing-based cryptography for constructing fully secure IBE, ABE and FE schemes. A long time open question is that, whether there is an analogue of dual system method in lattice, which can be used to prove the full security of lattice-based ABE or FE schemes. We solve this problem in this paper. We do this by introducing a new primitive called approximate inner product encryption (aIPE), which is the approximate version of the well known inner product encryption. We show that a fully secure ABE supporting CNF as its access policy can be constructed from a selectively secure aIPE and the LWE assumption. We also point out that the functionality of aIPE is included in FE for arbitrary circuits, which can be constructed from LWE assumption, hence the full security of our scheme can be totally based on the hardness of LWE.
Organized Motion in Turbulent Flow

A review of organized motion in turbulent flow indicates that the transport properties of most shear flows are dominated by large-scale vortex nonrandom motions. The mean velocity profile of a turbulent boundary layer consists of a viscous sublayer, buffer layer, and a logarithmic outer layer; an empirical formula of Coles (1956) applies to various pressure gradients. The boundary layer coherent structure was isolated by the correlation methods of Townsend (1956) and flow visualization by direct observations of complex unsteady turbulent motions. The near-wall studies of Willmart and Wooldridge (1962) used the space-time correlation for pressure fluctuations at the wall under a thick turbulent boundary layer; finally, organized motion in free shear flows and transition-control of mixing demonstrated that the Reynolds number invariance of turbulence shows wide scatter.
Essential Oil Composition Analysis of Cymbopogon Species from Eastern Nepal by GC-MS and Chiral GC-MS, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Major Compounds

Cymbopogon species essential oil (EO) carries significant importance in pharmaceuticals, aromatherapy, food, etc. The chemical compositions of Cymbopogon spp. Viz. Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), and Cymbopogon martini (palmarosa) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enantiomeric distribution by chiral GC-MS, and antimicrobial activities of some selected pure major compound and root and leaves EOs of citronella. The EO of leaves of Cymbopogon spp. showed comparatively higher yield than roots or other parts. Contrary to citral (neral and geranial) being a predominant compound of Cymbopogon spp. , α-elemol (53.1%), α-elemol (29.5%), geraniol (37.1%), and citral (90.4%) were detected as major compounds of the root, root hair with stalk, leaf, and root stalk with shoot of citronella EO, respectively. Palmarosa leaves’ EO contains neral (36.1%) and geranial (53.1) as the major compounds. In the roots of palmarosa EO, the prime components were α-elemol (31.5%), geranial (25.0%), and neral (16.6%). Similarly, lemongrass leaves’ EO contains geraniol (76.6%) and geranyl acetate (15.2%) as major compounds, while the root EO contains a higher amount of geraniol (87.9%) and lower amount of geranyl acetate (4.4%). This study reports for the first time chiral terpenoids from Cymbopogon spp. EOs. Chiral GC-MS gave specific enantiomeric distributions of nine, six, and five chiral terpenoids in the root, root stalk with a shoot, and leaves of citronella EOs, respectively. Likewise, four and three chiral terpenoids in the root and leaves of lemongrass oil followed by two chiral terpenoids in the leaves and root of palmarosa EOs each. Additionally, the root and leaves’ EOs of citronella exhibit noticeable activity on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and fungus such as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. So, geranial-, neral-, geraniol-, and citronellal-rich EOs can be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent.
Magnetic field-line reconnexion by localized enhancement of resistivity: Part 1. Evolution in a compressible MHD fluid

The temporal dynamics of field-line reconnexion is studied by numerical experiment in a compressible conducting fluid. It is shown that because of localized enhancement of resistivity the reconnexion takes place in an initially antiparallel magnetic field and that an X-type field configuration develops, occupying an extended region. There is also a remarkable release of magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energies. The global flow pattern can spontaneously be set up through the field-line reconnexion under no specially imposed boundary conditions.