Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Verification of Photoplethysmography Using Green Light that Influenced by Ambient Light

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to verify the utility of reflected photoplethysmography sensor using two greenlight emitting diodes that influenced by ambient light. Recently it has been studied that green light emitting diodeis suitable for light source of reflected photoplethysmography sensor at low temperature and high temperature.Another study showed that, green light is better for monitoring heart rate during motion than led light. However,it has a bad characteristic about ambient light noise. To verify the utility of reflected photoplethysmography sensorusing green light emitting diode, this study measures the photoplethysmography signal that is distorted by ambientlight and will propose a solution. This study has two parts of research method. One is measurement system thatcomposed sensor and board. The sensor is made up PE-foam and Non-woven fabric for flexible sensor. The pho-toplethysmography signal is measured by measurement board that composed high-pass filter, low-pass filter andamplifier. Ambient light source is light bulb and white light emitting diode that has three steps brightness. Pho-toplethysmography signal is measured with lead II electrocardiography signal at the same time and it is measuredat the finger and radial artery for 1 minute, 1000 Hz sampling rate. The lead II electrocardiography signal is a standardsignal for heart rate and photoplethysmography signal that measured at the finger is a standard signal for waveform.The test is repeated 3 times using three sensor. The data is processed by MATLAB to verify the utility by comparingthe correlation coefficient score and heart rate. The photoplethysmography sensor using two green light emittingdiodes is shown better utility than using one green light emitting diode and red light emitting diode at the ambientlight. The waveform and heart rate that measured by two green light emitting diodes are more identical than others.The amount of electricity used is less than red light emitting diode and error peak detectability factor is the lowest.Key words: photoplethysmography, lead II electrocardiography, ambient light, two light source greenlight emitting diode, radial artery, heart rate, correlation coefficient
Robust digital control of a wind turbine for rated-speed and variable-power operation regime

The design of a double-loop robust digital control algorithm for a wind turbine (WT) containing a doubly-fed induction machine is presented. The operating zone considered is that obtained when the rotational speed is limited to its rated value and the generated electricity has not reached its corresponding rated value. It is not particularly easy to find descriptions of controllers for this working zone in the existing literature. The rotational sampling effect may produce drive-train torque oscillations when a WT operates at constant speed. Consequently, its control system, which consists of two levels of control loops, has to be able to address these oscillations and be able to minimise flicker emission and dynamical loads in the drive train. These specifications, along with the robustness of the synthesised controller, lead to a reduced cost for the generated electricity and to a higher power quality, compared to those obtained using more classical WT control strategies that do not account for the peculiarities of the considered operation zone. The inner control loops govern the machine electromagnetic torque. The outer control-loop is synthesised using the discrete pole-placement with sensitivity function shaping method, to keep the rotational speed at its rated value and to reduce electromagnetic torque oscillations. The designed and synthesised control algorithms are tested on a simulation model validated using field data. Simulation results show that the proposed regulator reduces both flicker emission and dynamical drive-train loads, when compared to a classical PI regulator tuned to show an identical cut-off frequency and integral action.
Analysis of pitch plane railway vehicle—track interactions due to single and multiple wheel flats

Abstract The dynamic impact forces caused by wheel defects such as a flat have been of primary concern for freight trains operating at high speeds. A pitch plane model of a railway vehicle coupled with a comprehensive three-layer track system model is developed to study impact forces generated at the wheel—rail (W—R) interface in the presence of wheel flats. The W—R interaction is described by the non-linear Hertzian contact spring, while the rail is represented by a continuous Euler beam. The Rayleigh—Ritz method is used to solve the coupled partial and ordinary differential equations of the vehicle—track system. An idealized haversine wheel flat with the rounded corner is included in the W—R contact model. The W—R interface forces are evaluated under single or multiple flats on a single as well as multiple wheels. The forces transmitted to the bearings, pads, and the ballast are also evaluated under impacts due to single as well as multiple wheel flats. The results obtained through parametric analyses are discussed in view of a desirable design and operating condition to reduce the magnitude of impact loads. The results suggest that the rail mass, rail pad stiffness and damping, bending stiffness of rail, and ballast mass affect the W—R impact force considerably, apart from the flat size and vehicle speed. The influence of phase between the multiple flats on the resulting magnitudes of impact forces is also evaluated. The results suggest that the impact loads due to two flats are comparable with those due to a single flat when the spacing between the two flats exceeds 45°. Furthermore, the magnitude of impact force due to a single wheel flat could be greater than that due to in-phase flats on both wheels, which can be attributed to the pitch dynamics of the bogie.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VoIP) DALAM ONLINE MOBILE GAMES

Kemajuan teknologi memungkinkan adanya kemajuan dalam industri video games. Kemunculan perangkat seluler dengan fitur yang semakin canggih memungkinkan khalayak dapat bermain games dimana saja dan kapan saja. Ada waktu luang yang perlu diisi menjadi salah satu alasan utama khalayak dalam bermain game pada ponsel pintar mereka. Kualitas ponsel pintar yang semakin ditingkatkan membuat dunia industri games semakin berkembang dengan adanya fitur-fitur baru dalam game salah satunya fitur komunikasi. Komunikasi sangat diperlukan utamanya dalam permainan yang membutuhkan kerjasama tim. Teknologi Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) memungkinkan komunikasi ini terjadi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kebutuhan khalayak yang dapat dipuaskan melalui media yang dikonsumsi. Melalui teori uses and gratifications 2.0 ditemukan bahwa kebutuhan seseorang dalam bermain game bisa muncul sebelum mengkonsumsi game tersebut ataupun muncul setelah menjelajahi pemakaian media tersebut. Kata kunci: games, ponsel pintar, komunikasi, VoIP, uses and gratifications 2.0
A robust thermal microstructure for mass flow rate measurement in steady and unsteady flows

A silicon micro-machined thermal gas flow sensor operating in anemometric mode has been designed, fabricated and investigated for continuous and pulsatile flows. The sensor is specifically designed to achieve high sensitivity, fast response time and high robustness. It is composed of four metallic resistors interconnected to form a Wheatstone bridge. Two of them act simultaneously as the heating and sensing elements and the two others are used as a temperature reference. The heating element consists of a metallic wire of platinum Pt (2 µm width, 2 mm length) maintained on each lateral side by periodic silicon oxide SiO2 micro-bridges. Finite element simulations show that this structure achieves a fast thermal response time of 200 µs in constant current operating mode and a coefficient of temperature rise close to 25 °C/120 µW based on bulk electrical resistivity and when the Pt wire and SiO2 thicknesses are close to 100 nm and 500 nm, respectively. This design allows the fabrication of a robust thermal flow sensor with heating elements as long as possible, which enables accurate measurements with high signal to noise ratio. The sensor is then characterised experimentally; its electrical and thermal properties are obtained in the absence of fluid flow. These results confirm the effectiveness of the thermal insulation as predicted by the simulations. In a second step, the fluidic characterizations are reported and discussed for both continuous and pulsatile flows. In continuous mode, the sensor response was studied for gas flow rate ranging from 0 L min−1 to 10 L min−1. In pulsatile mode, the sensor is integrated inside a channel of a micro-valve actuated at 200 Hz. The measurements are compared with those obtained by a classical commercial hot wire.
An Anthropomorphic Robot Finger for Investigating Artificial Tactile Perception

In this paper the design, implementation, and testing of an artificial tactile sensing system incorporating an articulated robot finger are presented. It was our primary aim in this work to set up the hardware and software tools necessary for investigating basic issues in artificial tactile perception. In the first part of the paper the criteria followed in the design of the robot finger and of its motor and sensory com ponents are outlined. The second part of the paper deals with the problem of defining a hierarchical architecture for the control of the ex ploratory finger. In this context, particular attention is de voted to the description of a set of tactile subroutines that are intended to replicate some of the basic sensory motor se quences adopted by humans for tactile exploration. The main features of the high-level planner, which is supposed to super vise the execution of those tactile primitives, are also discussed. Finally, experimental results that demonstrate the capabil ity of the robotic system of executing the previously defined tactile subroutines and of extracting specific object features are presented.
2D bit-parallel flexible optical interconnects using fiber image guides

We propose a flexible 2D bit-parallel optical interconnect method for use in large-bandwidth inter-processor communications. We have studied various possible input/output coupling schemes, and have modeled power loss and resolution degradation mechanisms associated with the schemes. We have also performed experiments to investigate the power efficiency and imaging resolution characteristics of the interconnect schemes.
Prediction and Evolution of the Influence of Microblog Entries in the Context of Terrorist Events

The outbreak of terrorist events often causes tremendous damage to the country and society and arouses high attention from the public and an overwhelming response on the microblogging platform. Predicting the influence of microblogging in the context of terrorist events and revealing its evolutionary mode can help counterterrorism departments foresee potential risks, take effective countermeasures in time, and provide a reference for reducing public panic caused by terrorist events. In this study, Word2Vec is combined with the K-means clustering technique to discover the topics of microblogging, and an emotion analysis of microblogging is performed. The user features, time features, and content features of microblogging in the context of terrorist events are extracted. The prediction model of microblogging influence based on the logistic regression model was constructed and evaluated. The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy of the model was 85.8%, which had superior performance over other six classification models. In addition, the high-influence characteristics of microblogging in the context of terrorist events were analyzed and summarized. Finally, a quantitative method of the influence of a microblogging topic based on the h-index was proposed. The evolution pattern of the influence of a microblogging topic was analyzed. The results can help predict microblog entries of high influence, understand the intensity and variation of public concern over terrorist events, and assist counterterrorism departments in taking scientific decisions.
Quantifying lower limb gait coordination in off-the-shelf orthotic shoes

Orthotics are thought to alter the relationship between the motion of lower extremity segments during walking. Recently, off-the-shelf foot orthotics incorporated into a shoe have been offered as alternatives to customized orthotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of ‘off-the-shelf’ orthotic shoes using the quantification of segmental coordination. Eleven healthy male subjects (age: 28 ± 5 years, mass: 60 ± 6 kg, height: 1.7 ± 0.3 m) consented to participated in this study. Subjects walked in the Non-ortho condition (i.e. their own normal pair of neutral business shoes) or, in the Ortho condition (i.e. the orthotic business shoes) on a motorized treadmill. Joint coordination coupling between the calcaneus (inversion/eversion) and the tibia (internal/external rotation) was evaluated using a modified vector coding technique. Angles, γ, from 0° to 360° were computed to examine both angle–angle and angular speed–angular speed coordination. Results indicated that the coupling patterns were not significantly different for angle–angle coordination but were significantly different for angular speed–angular speed coordination when comparing Ortho and Non-ortho conditions. The two conditions were similar throughout the Early, Mid, and Late portion of the stance phase. Greater variability with out-of-phase couplings was observed during the Early and Late periods in angular speed–angular speed coordination for the Ortho condition. These results indicate that an off-the-shelf orthotic shoe can alter calcaneal–tibial coordination and coordination variability significantly. While increased coordination and coordination variability is associated with a potentially healthier gait, it should be noted that the subjects in this study had no injury or pathology that would have caused them to use orthotics.
Self-assembly of surface-micromachined structures using electrostatic attraction

The paper extends the work done using micro-fabricated hinges in surface micromachining to create fully 3D devices. These devices include free-space micro-optic systems and various sensors. While these applications are interesting, the assembly process is difficult. We present the basic theory and process necessary to perform the assembly using electrostatic interactions. The process is easy and reliable. We were able to lift early prototype mirrors with voltages as low as 35 volts.
Capacitively FED hybrid monopole/slot chip antenna for 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX operation in the mobile phone

In this study, a promising design of the capacitively fed hybrid monopole/slot chip antenna for the 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) operation in the mobile phone is presented. The antenna is printed on a thin FR4 substrate of small size 5.2 × 16 mm2 as a surface‐mount element to be placed at one corner of the system circuit board of the mobile phone. The antenna mainly comprises a resonant monopole patch, a resonant shorter slot, and a matching longer slot; the latter two slots are embedded within the monopole patch to achieve a compact integration. Two wide operating bands centered at about 3.3 and 5.5 GHz are generated through capacitive excitation of the resonant monopole patch and the shorter slot, while the matching longer slot helps to improve the impedance matching over the two operating bands. The lower band covers WiMAX operation in the 2.5 GHz (2500–2690 MHz) and 3.5 GHz (3300–3700 MHz) bands, while the upper band covers the 5.5 GHz (5250–5850 MHz) WiMAX operation. Details of the proposed hybrid monopole/slot chip antenna are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2689–2694, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23777
Calibration of a 2D piezoresistive stress sensor in (100) silicon using a 4PB fixture

The test procedures and experimental results for calibration of a 2-D piezoresistive stress sensor using a four-point bending (4PB) fixture are reported. Focuses have been made on the (100) silicon test chip due to the fact that it is the most commonly used in the current microelectronics industry. The sensors on the (100) test chips were able to accurately measure plane stress components in a temperature compensated manner. The resistance of stress sensors was found to vary linearly with the applied stress. The piezoresistive coefficients were calculated and found to coincide with the reported values for silicon. A further study of the thermally induced stresses is also included in this paper to determine the resistance change that varies linearly with temperature.
Development of Variable Camber Morphing Airfoil Using Corrugated Structure

This paper describes the development and the wind tunnel test of a variable geometry morphing airfoil using corrugated structures. Proof-of-concept study of a morphing wing with corrugated flexible seamless flap-like structure is verified by finite element analysis, and a prototype is manufactured using carbon fiber reinforced plastics. For the actuation system, two servomotors are installed inside the prototype wing to control the airfoil shape by the chordwise tension of the connected wires. Successful actuation of the prototype wing is demonstrated under the air speed up to 30 m/s in the wind tunnel test. Basic aerodynamic properties are also evaluated in comparison to traditional airfoil with a hinged control surface. Lift increase of variable corrugated wing is recognized compared to the traditional wing when the aileron angle increases.
The influence of backpack design on physical performance

In an experiment with 10 different backpack configurations, the loss of physical performance due to weight and volume, restriction of shoulder motion, and interference with balance were quantified on a test battery. Ten well-trained infantry soldiers were subjected to several tests, including an obstacle course, jumping, sprinting, running, hand-grenade throwing, and a mobility test. On the test battery average losses of performance of 1% per kg mass and 0·2% per litre backpack volume were found. The effects of weight and volume on the physical performance were additive. Motion restriction of the shoulders did not result in significant performance losses. Balance disturbance resulted in a 1·5% performance decrement. In order to minimize the loss of physical performance, weight should be centred around the waist. Volume may be distributed over the chest and the back without extra performance decrements.
Aerodynamic Analysis of a Multistage Centrifugal Compressor

The aerodynamic analysis of a four–stage centrifugal compressor was performed by means of a three–dimensional multi stage CFD code. The whole operating range of the compressor was investigated and the critical elements affecting the choke and stall limit were identified. The isolated impellers were also analyzed separately and the flow field was compared to the one coming from the multistage analysis. This allowed us to study the effect of the interactions between components and quantify the impact of the multistage environment on the impellers’ performance.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Alternative way for using wastewater treatments in agro management techniques
using micro irrigation systems: A review

BSTRACT In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, water has become a limiting factor, particularly for agricultural and industrial development. Water resources planners are continually looking for additional sources of water to supplement the limited resources available to their region. Several countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region, for Example, where precipitation is in the range of 100-200 mm a. In such situations, source substitution appears to be the most suitable alternative to satisfy less restrictive uses, thus allowing high quality waters to be used for domestic supply. Consider low quality waters such as wastewater, drainage waters and brackish waters should, whenever possible, as alternative sources for less restrictive uses. Agricultural use of water resources is of great importance due to the high volumes that are necessary. Irrigated agriculture will play a dominant role in the sustainability of crop production in years to come. The use of appropriate technologies for the development of alternative sources of water is, probably, the single most adequate approach for solving the global problem of water shortage, together with improvements in the efficiency of water use and with adequate control to reduce water consumption. The use of wastewater constitutes an important element of a water resources policy and strategy. Many nations, particularly those in the arid and semi-arid regions such as the Middle Eastern countries, have adopted in principle the use of treated wastewater as an important concept in their overall water resources policy and planning. However, accompanied with an extensive implementation of sewage irrigation, some problems with sewage irrigation became gradually obvious in agriculture, especially those related with pollution and destruction of farmlands. In this paper, the effects of sewage irrigation on soil physical (soil bulk density, soil resistance to penetration and field capacity), chemical (pH, soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, heavy metal and organic pollutants) and biological characteristics (soil microorganisms and enzyme activities) were systematically reviewed. To ensure long-term sustainability, sufficient attention must be given to the social, institutional and organizational aspects of effluent use in agriculture and aquaculture. The reuse of WW finds increased application in irrigation but the presence of toxic elements and microorganisms limits its use for irrigation purpose. To reduce the contamination of WW for irrigation, drip system is seen as an appropriate choice due to restricted quantity of water application. Emitter clogging is viewed as the main problem associated with drip system for its large-scale use with WW. Physical and chemical characteristics of WW were restricted. Higher EC, pH, Mg, and CO3, higher turbidity, total solids, HCO3, and Ca were observed in the waste water treatments.
TWO MODELS OF GRAIN TEMPERATURES AND INSECT POPULATIONS IN STORED WHEAT

Stored grain temperatures and population dynamics of rusty grain beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), predicted by a hot spot model, which included feedback from the insect model to the temperature model, and a spatial model, which did not include that feedback, were compared. For an initial grain temperature of 30 ³ C and an initial population of 10,000 adult insects in stored grain at Winnipeg, Canada, the hot spot model predicted a maximum of 120 adults/kg of wheat at the center of the grain bulk toward the end of fall and a maximum temperature of 39 ³ C. The spatial model predicted an adult population of 500 adults/kg of wheat and no increases in temperatures. For the same simulation conditions but using weather data for Topeka, Kansas, the hot spot model predicted a maximum of 150 adults/kg of wheat at the center of the bulk in fall, while the spatial model predicted a maximum of 800 adults/kg. The hot spot model is closer to reality than the spatial model because it simulates the effects of variable heating around the bin wall, insect heat production, and insect movement.