Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presence and Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli in Pigs, Pork, and Humans in Thailand and Lao PDR Border Provinces.

This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from pig origin (including pigs, pig carcass, and pork) and humans in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) border provinces. The majority of the E. coli isolates from Thailand (69.7%) and Lao PDR (63.3%) exhibited multidrug resistance. Class 1 integrons with resistance gene cassettes were common (n = 43), of which the most predominant resistance gene cassette was aadA1. The percentage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers was 3.4 in Thailand and 3.2 in Lao PDR. The ESBL genes found were blaCTX-M14, blaCTX-M27, and blaCTX-M55, of which blaCTX-M55 was the most common (58.6%). Ser-83-Leu and Asp-87-Asn were the predominant amino acid changes in GyrA of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Twenty-two percent of all isolates were positive for qnrS. Class 1 integrons carrying aadA1 from pigs (n = 1) and ESBL genes (blaCTX-M55 and blaCTX-M14) from pigs (n = 2), pork (n = 1), and humans (n = 7) were located on conjugative plasmids. Most plasmids (29.3%) were typed in the IncFrepB group. In conclusion, AMR E. coli are common in pig origin and humans in these areas. The findings confirm AMR as One Health issue, and highlight the need for comprehensive and unified collaborations within and between sectors on research and policy.
Kinetics of subunit rotation of the ribosome during tRNA-mRNA translocation

Ribosome dynamics play an essential role in orchestrating all stages of protein synthesis. Recent biochemical, structural and computational studies have shown large-scale conformational changes of the ribosome, its tRNA substrates and translation factors during the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Dynamic movements of the ribosome not only govern the translation process but are also targeted by many antibiotics resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. Therefore, complete understanding of conformational rearrangements in the ribosome will improve our knowledge about translation mechanism and its regulation which will also help to design novel antibiotics. One of the key dynamic processes important for ensuring forward movement of the tRNA-mRNA complex during translocation is the rotation of the small subunit (SSU) of the ribosome relative to the large subunit (LSU). Ribosomal subunits rotate spontaneously, i.e. in the absence of auxiliary translation factors, in the counterclockwise (CCW) direction upon the formation of deacylated tRNA in the P site of the ribosome as a result of peptide bond formation. Elongation factor G (EF-G) promotes the tRNA-mRNA translocation at the cost of GTP hydrolysis, which is accompanied by the clockwise (CW) rotation of the SSU. However, the exact role of subunit rotation in translocation is not properly understood. In this thesis, I present the real time kinetics of spontaneous subunit rotation and show how EF-G promotes and coordinates the rotation of the subunits with the movement of the tRNAmRNA complex along the ribosome. We used ribosomal subunits labeled with fluorescence reporters forming a FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer) pair and monitored the kinetics of subunit rotation relative to peptide bond formation and translocation using ensemble kinetics and single-molecule FRET (smFRET). We observed that spontaneous rotation of the SSU in CCW direction is rapid and reversible and is independent of the rate of preceding step of peptide bond formation. EF-G binding to the ribosome in the non-rotated state accelerates CCW rotation of the SSU by 5-fold. The transition back of the SSU body in clockwise (CW) direction to the non-rotated state starts early on the translocation pathway and precedes CW movement of the SSU head but overall coincides kinetically with the tRNA-mRNA translocation. The uncoupling of the movement of body and head of the SSU results in unlocking of the ribosome that allows translocation of the tRNA-mRNA complex. In addition, we show how the smooth synchronized motion of the SSU body and head can be perturbed by diverse antibiotics. Our work demonstrates how large-scale thermally driven movements of the ribosome are gated by its ligands such as EF-G, tRNAs and antibiotics.
Factors Affecting Subjective Well-Being of the Middle-Aged Class

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the subjective wellbeing of the middle-aged class and to identify the relative influence of the variables.Method/Statistical Analysis: The subjects of this study consisted of a middle-aged class group, aged 40 to64, among the panels of an online research company, and data was collected from a total of 196 subjects. Thecollected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, post-test Scheffe test, Pearson’scorrelation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 22.0. Findings: The average score of the subjective well-being of the middle-aged class was 3.34. The differencein subjective well-being according to general characteristics was found to be significant according toeducation (F=4.89, p=.009) and economic status (F = 9.76, p<.001). Subject’s subjective well-being waspositively correlated with health status (r=.56, p<.001), meaning in life (r=.66, p<.001), generativity (r=.76,p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.62, p<.001), and social support (r=.57, p<.001). As a result of stepwise regressionanalysis, generativity (? =.424, p<.001), health status (? =-.209, p<.001), social support (? =.190, p=.001),and self-efficacy (? =.150, p=.014) were factors affecting subjective well-being, and the explanatory powerof these 4 variables was 62.6%. The most influential variable was generativity.Improvements/Applications: This study considered variables in various fields to provide nursingintervention to promote subjective well-being of the middle-aged class, and as a result, it will contribute topromoting a qualitative life by improving the health potential of the middle-aged class.
Mortality among patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries and admitted to the ICU

Many postoperative complications have been associated with orthopedic surgeries, which require patients to be admitted to intensive care units. In this study, we reviewed previous studies that reported the mortality rates for patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries and have been admitted to the ICU, in addition to discussing the risk factors and complications for this event and the possible preventive measures. Studies showed that mortality rates in the ICU following orthopedic procedures are much lower than other procedures that are usually associated with higher rates of complications and deaths. However, serious efforts should be offered to decrease the development of complications that may increase the burdens of such cases. To achieve this, the identification of the possible risk factors is essential for decreasing this burden. We found that old age, the presence of comorbidities, the complexity of the procedure, and having large amounts of blood transfusion before the procedure might be significant factors for the development of severe complications and subsequent death. We have also discussed some complications like cardiovascular, cerebral, spinal, pulmonary, and renal disorders. Eliminating these disorders would require more effort for eliminating pain, applying appropriate doses of anesthetics, antibiotics, and beta-blockers.
Hedge Fund Liquidity Management: Insights for Fund Performance and Systemic Risk Oversight

We use Form PF filings over 2013–2017 to examine hedge funds’ cash holdings and available borrowing (“liquidity buffers”). Funds maintain higher buffers when they hold more illiquid assets, have shorter-term commitments from investors and creditors, and when market volatility is greater. Funds with low abnormal buffers – buffers below the level predicted by fund attributes – subsequently outperform their peers. Stocks with greater ownership by managers with abnormally low buffers subsequently outperform other stocks, especially around earnings announcements. Our results highlight potential trade-offs between systemic risk-oriented policies requiring larger liquidity buffers and the impairment of regular price discovery in financial markets.
Developing a Set of Key Performance Indicators for Monitoring Sustainability of Forest Functions in the Hyrcanian Forests

HIGHLIGHTS For more than a century, management of the Hyrcanian forests was focused on wood production. However, the selection of conservation indicators as the most important reveals a recent emphasis amongst forest managers on other functions of the Hyrcanian forests. Most previous studies in the Hyrcanian forests prioritized indicators based on their importance. By adding measurability as an additional factor, the protection indicators showed the highest value among all Hyrcanian forest function indicators. Only a few recreation indicators remained as important or measurable indicators, which may be attributable to the lack of strong theory and appropriate practices related to recreation. In addition to the measurability attribute, the interconnection of indicators plays a significant role in achieving a set of key performance indicators. The indicators' overall cumulative impacts determine those with the highest centrality and were eventually assumed as the key performance indicators. Based on the interconnections between indicators, five indicators were recognized as key performance indicators for four forest functions, consistent with a more realistic view of forest management with particular attention to the cost and effort involved in measuring indicators. SUMMARY This study identifies key performance indicators for monitoring the sustainability of forest functions in the northern forests of Iran. This process was conducted in two phases through the Delphi method, and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM). The Delphi method classified indicators according to two properties, importance and measurability. These were used to identify four classes: (a) important and measurable, (b) important and less measurable, (c) less important and measurable, (d) less important and less measurable. Indicators placed in groups (a) and (b) were then used to develop a set of key performance indicators using FCM. The FCM enabled the evaluation of the overall cumulative impacts of all indicators within the network, individually and collectively, through their interactions with other indicators. The selected methods and possible application of the key performance indicators could be used to determine how to achieve the sustainable management of a forest area.
Design of an e(cid:14)cient vehicle-actuated signal control logic for signalized intersections

The e(cid:11)ectiveness of (cid:12)xed-time management systems dramatically decreases in case of (cid:13)uctuating tra(cid:14)c demands in signalized intersection approaches. The result is the utter waste of time in tra(cid:14)c to be followed by material, psychological, and ecological problems. In recent years, to minimize the negative impacts of these problems, many researchers have focused on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). As it is known, one of the applications of ITS is called vehicle-actuated (tra(cid:14)c-actuated) management systems. Because the success of these types of applications is directly related to the created control logic, the selection of the most proper control parameters for the created control logic is an important issue. This study aims to create an e(cid:11)ective control logic and (cid:13)ow chart for the vehicle-actuated management system. At the end of the analyses, it is seen that the created vehicle-actuated management system can adapt to (cid:13)uctuations in tra(cid:14)c demands in signal-ized intersection approaches. Average vehicle delays, fuel consumptions, and exhaust emissions can be reduced signi(cid:12)cantly by the created system. In case of (cid:13)uctuations in tra(cid:14)c demands in intersection approaches, it is concluded that the performance of the intersection may increase enormously because of the created vehicle-actuated management system.
CDK2 kinase activity is a regulator of male germ cell fate

ABSTRACT The ability of men to remain fertile throughout their lives depends upon establishment of a spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) pool from gonocyte progenitors, and thereafter balancing SSC renewal versus terminal differentiation. Here, we report that precise regulation of the cell cycle is crucial for this balance. Whereas cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) is not necessary for mouse viability or gametogenesis stages prior to meiotic prophase I, mice bearing a deregulated allele (Cdk2Y15S) are severely deficient in spermatogonial differentiation. This allele disrupts an inhibitory phosphorylation site (Tyr15) for the kinase WEE1. Remarkably, Cdk2Y15S/Y15S mice possess abnormal clusters of mitotically active SSC-like cells, but these are eventually removed by apoptosis after failing to differentiate properly. Analyses of lineage markers, germ cell proliferation over time, and single cell RNA-seq data revealed delayed and defective differentiation of gonocytes into SSCs. Biochemical and genetic data demonstrated that Cdk2Y15S is a gain-of-function allele causing elevated kinase activity, which underlies these differentiation defects. Our results demonstrate that precise regulation of CDK2 kinase activity in male germ cell development is crucial for the gonocyte-to-spermatogonia transition and long-term spermatogenic homeostasis. Summary: Although the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 is not necessary for spermatogonial function in mice, CDK2 hyperactivity delays establishment of the spermatogonial stem cells and prevents their differentiation.
Meaning-Game-based Centering Model with Statistical Definition of Utility of Referential Expression and Its Verification Using Japanese and English Corpora

This paper presents a quantitative modeling of referential coherence by which conversation systems measure the smoothness of discourse. Investigations of the corpora show that referential coherence depends on languages or genres of discourse. Our goal is to establish a quantitative model that can be statistically adapted to various languages. Centering theory explains referential coherence by using heuristic rules. Since these heuristics should be invented manually for a particular language, we need a quantitative/statistical model that can be obtained from a corpus. The meaning-game-based centering model (MGCM) (Shiramatsu et al., 2005) quantitatively reformulates centering theory by exploiting quantitative aspects of game theory. It quantifies referential coherence by using the two parameters related to salience and pronominalization: “reference probability” and “perceptual utility”. However, MGCM still has two problems. The first is that perceptual utility cannot be statistically adapted to various languages. The second is that MGCM has only been verified in Japanese. We have enhanced the model by statistically defining perceptual utility. Specifically, we defined it by using occurrence frequency of the referential expression in a corpus. Experimental results using English and Japanese corpora showed that our statistical definitions enabled the parameters to be adapted to both corpora. Furthermore, the statistical tests of the enhanced MGCM showed its validity in both corpora.
Initial investigations into relating Logical and Computational Calculi

2 Natural Deduction and Sequent Calculus 1 2.1 Natural Deduction . 1 2.2 Sequent Calculus . 2 2.3 Proofs . 2 2.3. 1 Proving S using Natural Deduction . 2 2.3. 2 Proving S using Sequent Calculus . 2 2.3. 3 Simply Typed Lambda Calculus . 3 2.3. 4 Type Inference of S . 3
Mucosal vaccines to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: a new perspective

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically important infectious disease of swine. Constant emergence of variant strains of PRRS virus (PPRSV) and virus-mediated immune evasion followed by viral persistence result in increased incidence and recurrence of PRRS in swine herds. Current live and killed PRRSV vaccines administered by a parenteral route are ineffective in inducing complete protection. Thus, new approaches in design and delivery of PRRSV vaccines are needed to reduce the disease burden of the swine industry. Induction of an effective mucosal immunity to several respiratory pathogens by direct delivery of a vaccine to mucosal sites has proven to be effective in a mouse model. However, there are challenges in eliciting mucosal immunity to PRRS due to our limited understanding of safe and potent mucosal adjuvants, which could potentiate the mucosal immune response to PRRSV. The purpose of this review is to discuss methods for induction of protective mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract of pigs. The manuscript also discusses how PRRSV modulates innate, adaptive and immunoregulatory responses at both mucosal and systemic sites of infected and/or vaccinated pigs. This information may help in the design of innovative mucosal vaccines to elicit superior cross-protective immunity against divergent field strains of PRRSV.
Evaluation of rationality of fixed-dose combinations prescribed in psychiatric patients -

Background: There is a growing concern about the increasing number of irrational fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), which impose unnecessary financial burden, increase the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, and ultimately reduce the quality of life. Aims and Objective: To study the prescribing frequency of FDCs and to evaluate the rationality of FDCs prescribed in psychiatric patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Pharmacology and Psychiatry Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rajasthan, India. The data were collected in a case record form from patients of all ages and from either sex, who visited the outpatient department of psychiatry. Data were analyzed with the help of well-known comprehensive seven-point criteria by Panda et al, which were developed by carefully studying the guidelines of the World Health Organization and Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products, Europe. Result: Total 383 drug formulations were prescribed in 200 patients of which 107 (27.93%) were in the form of FDCs. Most frequently prescribed FDC was escitalopram + clonazepam (22.44%), followed by amitriptyline + chlordiazepoxide (13.08%). The maximum score for the seven-point criteria for assessing the rationality of FDCs was 14, with each criterion carrying a score of 2. Scores obtained in this study ranged between 5 and 14 with an average of 8.79. Conclusion: Most of the FDCs were irrational according to the criteria used and only 28.57% of the FDCs were found to be rational considering safety and efficacy as the most important criteria for rationality. So, drug regulatory bodies should take urgent action to stop the free flow of irrational FDCs.
Automated prescreening of melanocytic skin lesions using standard camera images.

9 RESUMO . 10
2 Multi-parameter random simplicial complexes 2 . 1 Faces and external faces

Networks, such as the Internet as well as social and biological networks of various nature, have been the subject of intense study in recent years. Usually one thinks of a network as being a large graph with nodes representing objects (or sites) and edges representing connections or links between the objects. Random graph theory provides a language and mathematical techniques for studying large random networks in different contexts. If we are interested not only in pairwise relations between the objects but also in relations between triples, quadruples etc, we will have to use instead of graphs the high dimensional simplicial complexes as geometrical models of networks. The mathematical study of large random simplicial complexes started relatively recently and several different probabilistic models of random topological objects have appeared within the last 10 years, see [4] and [14] for surveys. One may mention random surfaces [18], random 3-dimensional manifolds [9], random configuration spaces of linkages [11]. Linial, Meshulam and Wallach [15], [17] studied an important analogue of the classical Erdős–Rényi [10] model of random graphs in the situation of high-dimensional simplicial complexes. The random simplicial complexes of [15], [17] are d-dimensional, have the complete (d − 1)-skeleton and their randomness shows only in the top dimension. Some interesting results about the topology of random 2-complexes in the Linial– Meshulam model were obtained in [1], [3], [5]. A different model of random simplicial complexes was studied by M. Kahle [13] and by some other authors, see for example [6]. These are the clique complexes of random Erdős–Rényi graphs, i.e. here one starts with a random graph in the Erdős–Rényi model and declares as a simplex every subset of vertices which form a clique (a subset such that every two vertices are connected by an edge). Compared with the Linial Meshulam model, the clique complex has randomness in dimension one but it influences its structure in all the higher dimensions. In [7] we initiated the study of a more general and more flexible model of random simplicial complexes with randomness in all dimensions. Here one starts with a set of n vertices and retain each of them with probability p0; on the next step one connects every pair of retained vertices by an edge with probability p1,
FakeNewsSetGen: a Process to Build Datasets that Support Comparison Among Fake News Detection Methods

Due to easy access and low cost, social media online news consumption has increased significantly for the last decade. Despite their benefits, some social media allow anyone to post news with intense spreading power, which amplifies an old problem: the dissemination of Fake News. In the face of this scenario, several machine learning-based methods to automatically detect Fake News (MLFN) have been proposed. All of them require datasets to train and evaluate their detection models. Although recent MLFN were designed to consider data regarding the news propagation on social media, most of the few available datasets do not contain this kind of data. Hence, comparing the performances amid those recent MLFN and the others is restricted to a very limited number of datasets. Moreover, all existing datasets with propagation data do not contain news in Portuguese, which impairs the evaluation of the MLFN in this language. Thus, this work proposes FakeNewsSetGen, a process that builds Fake News datasets that contain news propagation data and support comparison amid the state-of-the-art MLFN. FakeNewsSetGen's software engineering process was guided to include all kind of data required by the existing MLFN. In order to illustrate FakeNewsSetGen's viability and adequacy, a case study was carried out. It encompassed the implementation of a FakeNewsSetGen prototype and the application of this prototype to create a dataset called FakeNewsSet, with news in Portuguese. Five MLFN with different kind of data requirements (two of them demanding news propagation data) were applied to FakeNewsSet and compared, demonstrating the potential use of both the proposed process and the created dataset.