Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear rheological behavior of bitumen under LAOS stress

The linear viscoelasticity and steady shear properties of bitumen are established; however, bitumen used in pavement also supports time-varying loading in the nonlinear regime. Consequently, recent research focuses on the nonlinear rheological behavior of bitumen under time-varying flows that is essential for establishing the constitutive model. Here, we propose a protocol to obtain the nonlinear rheological behavior of bitumen under a large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) stress. The LAOS stress rheological response of both a neat bitumen and a modified bitumen is analyzed by Fourier-transform rheology and strain decomposition to an orthogonal set of Chebyshev polynomials. We find that the relative nonlinearity of bitumen increases with increasing stress and decreasing frequency; the relationship between I3/I1 and stress amplitude can obey the sigmoidal function; the intrinsic nonlinearity Q0 decreases with increasing frequency and decreasing temperature. Both the FT analysis results and decomposition results show that the nonlinearity of modified bitumen B is much more significant than neat bitumen A. Bitumen A exhibits stress softening and stress thinning under all the studied test conditions, but bitumen B exhibits stress stiffening under some conditions.The linear viscoelasticity and steady shear properties of bitumen are established; however, bitumen used in pavement also supports time-varying loading in the nonlinear regime. Consequently, recent research focuses on the nonlinear rheological behavior of bitumen under time-varying flows that is essential for establishing the constitutive model. Here, we propose a protocol to obtain the nonlinear rheological behavior of bitumen under a large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) stress. The LAOS stress rheological response of both a neat bitumen and a modified bitumen is analyzed by Fourier-transform rheology and strain decomposition to an orthogonal set of Chebyshev polynomials. We find that the relative nonlinearity of bitumen increases with increasing stress and decreasing frequency; the relationship between I3/I1 and stress amplitude can obey the sigmoidal function; the intrinsic nonlinearity Q0 decreases with increasing frequency and decreasing temperature. Both the FT analysis results and decomposition.
İLKÖĞRETİM ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ VATANDAŞLIK EĞİTİMİNİN AMAÇLARINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Demokrasi, vatandaslik ve hayat boyu ogrenme 21. yuzyilda uygulama ve dusuncede en onemli gundemdeki kavramlar arasindadir. Vatandaslik egitimi genel egitimin ve demokrasi egitiminin onemli bir parcasidir. Vatandaslik egitimi yaygin olarak dort temel unsuru kapsayacak bicimde anlasilmaktadir. Bunlar; a) politik katilim, b) elestirel dusunme, c) toplumsal tutum ve d) degerler ile aktif katilimdir. Bu calismanin amaci, ilkogretim bolumu, sosyal bilgiler ogretmenligi anabilim dalinda okuyan ogretmen adaylarinin, Ilkogretim Vatandaslik ve Demokrasi Egitimi Programi kapsaminda vatandaslik egitimi amaclarina iliskin goruslerinin degerlendirilmesidir. Bu calisma nitel arastirma yontemi olarak tasarlanmistir. Calismaya 8. Yariyilda ogrenim goren 20 ogretmen adayi amacli ornekleme yontemi ile katilmislardir. Veri toplama aracinda ogretmen adaylarina cevaplandirmalari icin “Ilkogretim Vatandaslik ve Demokrasi Egitimi programi kapsaminda vatandaslik egitiminin amaclarina yonelik gorusleriniz nelerdir. ” sorusu acik uclu olarak yoneltilmistir. Arastirmacilar tarafindan veriler nitel arastirma tekniklerden icerik analizi kullanilarak cozumlenmistir. Ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri amaclarin teorik bilgiden ziyade uygulamaya, bilinc duzeylerinin gelistirilmesine, hem kendi toplumunun hem de diger toplumlarin deger yargilarina saygili olma, toplumsal kurallara uygun davranma, iyi ve aktif vatandas olarak sorumluluklar almaya yonelik olmasi gerektigi vatandaslik egitiminin amaclari arasinda agirlikli olarak ifade edilmistir
Age-dependent normative values of differential luminance sensitivity in automated static perimetry of the Octopus 101-instrument

6 Introduction 7 Subjects and Methods 9 Participants 9 Technical data and examination procedure 10 Analyses 10 Results 13 Participants / Analyses 13 Estimation of the model 13 Varying precision in the visual field and across ages 14 Ageing 14 Asymmetry 14 Discussion 16 Model 16 Parsimonious model 17 Varying precision in the visual field and across ages 17 Ageing 18 Asymmetry 20 Superior-inferior asymmetry 20 Naso-temporal asymmetry 21 Generalisability 22 Conclusion 24 Figures and Legends 25 Appendix 28 Model 28 Parsimonious model 29 References 31 Danksagung 36 Lebenslauf 37
Uncertainty and detectability of climate surface response to large volcanic eruptions

In light of the range in presently available observational, reanalysis and model data, we revisit the surface climate response to large tropical volcanic eruptions from the end of the 19th century until present. We focus on the dynamical driven response of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the radiative driven tropical temperature response. Using ten different reanalysis products and the Hadley Centre Sea Level Pressure observational dataset (HadSLP2) we confirm a positive tendency in the phase of the NAO during boreal winters following large volcanic eruptions, although conclude that it is not as clear cut 5 as the current literature suggests. Especially during poorly observed periods where higher uncertainties produce a less robust signal. The phase of the NAO leads to a dynamically driven warm anomaly over Northern Europe . At the same time, there is a ✿✿ in ✿✿✿✿✿✿ winter. ✿✿✿✿ The general cooling of the tropical surface temperatures due to the ✿✿✿✿✿✿ surface ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ temperature ✿✿✿✿ due ✿✿ to reduced incoming shortwave radiation . The magnitude of this cooling is uncertain and is hard to isolate using observational data alone (mainly due to the presence of El Nio). Therefore we use regression-based detection and attribution techniques to investigate the 10 volcanic temperature signal with eight Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models. In all models the volcanic signal can be detected but a general overestimation of the surface cooling is found. The enhanced surface cooling in models is likely driven, in part, by an over absorption of SW radiation in the lower stratosphere, but aliasing with El Nio events is also an issue and further process based studies are necessary to confirm these ✿✿ is ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ therefore ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ disburbed ✿✿✿ by ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ dynamical ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ impacts. ✿✿ In ✿✿✿ the ✿✿✿✿✿✿ tropics, ✿✿✿✿✿✿ where ✿✿✿ less ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ dynamical ✿✿✿✿✿✿ driven ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ influences ✿✿✿ are ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ present, ✿✿✿ we ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ confirm ✿ a ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ predominant ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ cooling ✿✿✿✿ after ✿✿✿✿ most ✿✿✿ but ✿✿✿ not ✿✿✿✿✿ after 15 ✿✿ all ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ eruptions. ✿✿✿✿ The ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ observation, ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ reanalysis ✿✿✿ and ✿✿✿✿✿✿ model ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ datasets ✿✿✿✿✿ agree ✿✿✿✿ well ✿✿✿✿ with ✿✿✿ the ✿✿ in ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ strength ✿✿ of ✿✿✿ the ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ tropical ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ response. ✿✿✿ But ✿✿✿✿ due ✿✿ to ✿✿✿ the ✿✿✿✿ high ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ uncertainty ✿✿ of ✿✿✿ the ✿✿✿✿✿✿ model ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ response, ✿✿ no ✿✿✿✿✿ clear ✿✿✿✿✿✿ tropical ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ cooling ✿✿✿✿✿ signal ✿✿✿✿ was ✿✿✿✿✿ found.
Barriers in utilization of dental services among Kashmiri population a cross sectional study

Aim: To identify the barriers in utilization of dental services among Kashmiri population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among Kashmiri populations. Data were collected from 120 individuals who were selected through systematic random sampling. Data on barriers for utilization of dental services were collected by means of self-administered questionnaire. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test using SPSS version 19. All tests were set at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Majority of study participants 58.3% were females and the mean age of the study population were 39 ± 3.18 years with an age range of 20-67 years. The most commonly reported reason for not seeking dental care was " Didn’t have any dental problem” by 54 (45%) followed by “Lack of time” by 33 (27.6%) and “Dental problem was not serious condition” by 10(8.3%)” Conclusions: The highly reported reasons for non-utilization of dental service in this study were “Did not have any dental problem” indicating the low felt need among study subjects in that area.
Uniqueness and stability of the saddle-shaped solution to the fractional Allen–Cahn equation

In this paper we prove the uniqueness of the saddle-shaped solution to the semilinear nonlocal elliptic equation $(-\Delta)^\gamma u = f(u)$ in $\mathbb R^{2m}$, where $f$ is of Allen-Cahn type. Moreover, we prove that this solution is stable if $2m\geq 14$. As a consequence of this result and the connection of the problem with nonlocal minimal surfaces, we show that the Simons cone $\{(x', x'') \in \mathbb R^{m}\times \mathbb R^m \ : \ |x'| = |x''|\}$ is a stable nonlocal $(2\gamma)$-minimal surface in dimensions $2m\geq 14$. Saddle-shaped solutions of the fractional Allen-Cahn equation are doubly radial, odd with respect to the Simons cone, and vanish only in this set. It was known that these solutions exist in all even dimensions and are unstable in dimensions $2$, $4$ and $6$. Thus, after our result, the stability remains an open problem only in dimensions $8$, $10$ and $12$. The importance of studying this type of solution is due to its relation with the fractional version of a conjecture by De Giorgi. Saddle-shaped solutions are the simplest non 1D candidates to be global minimizers in high dimensions, a property not yet established in any dimension.
IN VITRO CONTROL OF COLLETOTRICHUM DEMATIUM CAUSING ANTHRACNOSE OF SOYBEAN BY FUNGICIDES, PLANT EXTRACTS AND TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM

Shovan L.R. , Bhuiyan M. K. A. , Begum J. A. and Pervez Z. 2008. In vitro Control of Colletotrichum dematium Causing Anthracnose of Soybean by Fungicides, Plant Extracts and Trichoderma harzianum. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(3):10-17 A study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during 2005 to 2006 to control Colletotrichum dematium causing anthracnose of soybean with fungicides, plant extracts and Trichoderma harzianum. Five fungicides namely Tilt-250 EC, Vitavax-200, Rovral 50 WP, Dithane M-45 and Cupravit were evaluated at 100, 200 and 400 ppm for their efficacy against the radial colony growth and mycelial dry weight of C. dematium. The complete inhibition was obtained with Tilt-250 EC at all the selected concentrations. The highest concentration of Vitavax-200 inhibits 77.41% and 83.45% radial growth and mycelial dry weight, respectively and significantly superior to Rovral 50 WP at the highest concentration. Dithane M-45 and Cupravit were found to be significantly inferior against the test pathogen. Plant extracts of garlic, ginger, onion and neem at three different concentrations (5%, 10% and 20%) were evaluated against the radial growth and mycelial dry weight of C. dematium. Among the four plant extracts, garlic extract at 20% concentration was appeared to be best in inhibiting the radial growth and mycelial dry weight of the test pathogen followed by onion, ginger and neem extracts and each extracts were significantly different from each other. A total of 20 T. harzianum isolates collected from rhizosphere and rhizoplane of different crops were screened against C. dematium following dual plate culture technique. The screened isolates of Trichoderma showed significantly variable antagonism ranging from 50.93 to 89.44% reduction of the radial growth of C. dematium. Among the promising antagonists, the isolate T3 of T. harzinum showed the highest 89.44 % inhibition of radial growth of C. dematium.
Talking Machines: Theories, Models, and Designs

Synthesis Methods. Speech synthesis methods: Homage to Dennis Klatt (K.N. Stevens). Synthesis models: A discussion (E. Moulines). From data to rules (L.F.M. ten Bosch). On modelling the phonology phonetics interface for articulatory synthesis (H.J. Cedergren, G. Boulianne, D. Archambault). "Synthesis-by-rule" without segments or rewrite-rules (J. Coleman). A generation model of formant trajectories at variable speaking rates (S. Imaizumi, S. Kiritani). Spectral transitions in rule-based and diphone synthesis (D. O'Shaughnessy). On the basic scheme and algorithms in non-uniform speech synthesis (K. Takeda, K. Abe, Y. Sagisaka). Linguistic Processing. Text processing for text-to-speech synthesis (D. O'Shaughnessy). Prosodic phrasing in Swedish speech synthesis (G. Bruce, B. Granstrom, D. House). Syntactic neural networks for bi-directional text-phonetics translation (S.M. Lucas, R.I. Damper). Heuristic strategies for the higher-level analysis of unrestricted text (A.I.C. Monaghan). A framework for morphological and syntactic analysis and its application in a text-to-speech system for German (T. Russi). Novel-word pronunciation within a text-to-speech system (K.P.H. Sullivan, R.I. Damper). Prosody. Prediction of prosody: An overview (D. Hirst). A comment on the prediction of prosody (R. Collier). Automatic Learning. Syllable-based segmental duration (W.N. Campbell). Prosodic processing in a text-to-speech synthesis system using a database and learning procedures (F. Emerard, L. Mortamet, A. Cozannet). Linguistic properties in the control of segmental duration for speech synthesis (N. Kaiki, K. Takeda, Y. Sagisaka). Tree-based modelling of segmental durations (M.D. Riley). Deriving text-to-speech durations from natural speech (J.P.H. van Santen). F 0 generation with a database of natural F 0 patterns and with a neural network (C. Traber). Methodology and Models. Developing a structured lexicon for synthesis of prosody (V. Auberge). Automatic labelling of large prosodic databases: Tools, methodology and links with a text-to-speech system (G. Bailly, T. Barbe, H. Wang). A prosodic model for French text-to-speech synthesis: A psycholinguistic approach (V. Pasdeloup). Prosody and Discourse. The punctuation and perception of read and spontaneous prosody: An application to speech synthesis (I. Guaitella, S. Santi). Using discourse context to guide pitch accent decisions in synthetic speech (J. Hirschberg). System Design. Rule compilers and text-to-speech systems (G. Bailly). The MULTIVOX multilingual text-to-speech converter (G. Olaszy, G. Gordos, G. Nemeth). Concept representation for synthetic speech output system (Y. Yamashita, N. Mizutani, R. Mizoguchi). Speech Assessment. Assessment of synthetic speech (A. Fourcin). On the assessment of synthetic speech (C. Benoit, L.C.W. Pols). Segmental evaluation using the Esprit/SAM test procedures and monosyllabic words (R. Carlson, B. Granstrom, L. Nord). Segmental quality assessment by pseudo-words (A.
Electrocardiographic screening in primary care for cardiovascular disease risk and atrial fibrillation

Abstract Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are frequently recorded in primary care for screening purposes. An ECG is essential in diagnosing atrial fibrillation, and ECG abnormalities are associated with cardiovascular events. While recent studies show that ECGs adequately reclassify a proportion of patients based on the clinical risk score calculations, there are no data to support that this also results in improved health outcomes. When applied for screening for atrial fibrillation, more cases are found with routine care, but this would be undone when physicians would perform systematic pulse palpation. In most studies, the harms of routine ECG use (such as unnecessary diagnostic testing, emotional distress, increased health expenses) were poorly documented. As such, the routine performing of ECGs in asymptomatic primary care patients, whether it is for cardiovascular disease risk assessment or atrial fibrillation, cannot be recommended.
Supporting Beginning Teachers Through Mentorship

4 Chapter One: Introduction . 5 Scope of Research . 6 Importance of the Study . 7 Research Question . 8 Connection to Grand Tour Question . 8 Definition of Terms. 9 Summary . 10 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 10 Impacts of Self-efficacy on Beginning Teacher Development . 11 Emotional impacts on self-efficacy . 12 Emotional exhaustion . 13 Job stress . 14 Burnout . 15 Resilience . 17 Coping skills . 17 Job satisfaction . 18 Connections of self-efficacy, emotions, and mentorship . 19 Impacts of Mentorship on Beginning Teachers . 20 Models of effective mentorship . 21 Mentor selection . 22 Administrative support . 23 SUPPORTING BEGINNING TEACHERS 3 Collaboration . 24 Professional development . 25 Conclusion . 27 Chapter Three: Summary . 28 Review of the Proposed Problem . 28 Importance of the Topic . 29 Summary of the Main Points of the Literature Review . 29 Chapter Four: Discussion and Application . 32 Insights Gained from the Research . 32 Application . 34 Recommendations for Future Research . 35 References . 38 SUPPORTING BEGINNING TEACHERS 4
An In silico Algorithm for Identifying Amino Acids that Stabilize Oligomeric Membrane-Toxin Pores through Electrostatic Interactions

Pore forming toxins (PFTs) are a class of proteins which have specifically evolved to form unregulated pores in target plasma membranes, and represent the single largest class of bacterial virulence factors. With increasingly prevalent antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, next generation therapies are being developed to target bacterial PFTs rather than the pathogens themselves. However, structure-based design of inhibitors that could block pore formation are hampered by a paucity of structural information about pore intermediates. On similar lines, observations of the inter-subunit interfaces in fully-formed pore complexes to identify druggable residues, whose interactions could potentially be blocked to hamper pore formation or destabilize pore assemblies, are often limited because of the presence of a large number of protein-protein interaction sites across pore inter-subunit interfaces. Narrowing down the list of plausible target residues requires a quantitative assessment of their contributions towards pore stability, which cannot be gleaned from a single, static, crystal or cryo-EM pore structure. We overcome this limitation by developing an in silico screening algorithm that employs fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations coupled with knowledge-based screening to identify residues engaged in persistent and stabilizing electrostatic interactions across inter-subunit interfaces in membrane-inserted PFT pores. Application of this algorithm to prototypical α-PFT (cytolysin A) and β-PFT (α-hemolysin) pores yielded a small predicted subset of highly interacting residues, blocking of which could destabilize pore complexes as shown in previous mutagenesis experiments for some of these predicted residues. The algorithm also yielded a novel set of residues in both cytolysin A and α-hemolysin pores for which no mutagenesis and stability data exists to the best of our knowledge, and therefore could serve as hitherto un-recognised potential targets for PFT inhibitors. The algorithm worked equally well for both α and β-PFT pores, and could thus be potentially applicable to all pores with known structures to generate a database of pore-destabilizing mutations, which could then serve as a starting point for experimental validation and structure-based PFT-inhibitor design.
Alzheimer ’ s disease biomarker-guided diagnostic workflow using the added value of six combined cerebrospinal fluid candidates : A b 1 – 42 , total-tau , phosphorylated-tau , NFL , neurogranin

65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 Harald Hampel, Nicola Toschi, Filippo Baldacci, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Ingo Kilimann, Stefan J. Teipel, Enrica Cavedo, Antonio Melo dos Santos, St ephane Epelbaum, Foudil Lamari, Remy Genthon, Bruno Dubois, Roberto Floris, Francesco Garaci, Simone Lista*, for the Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI) AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universit es, Universit e Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epini ere (ICM), D epartement de Neurologie, Institut de la M emoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Piti e-Salpêtri ere, Paris, France Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy Department of Radiology, “Athinoula A. Martinos” Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, M€olndal, Sweden Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, M€olndal, Sweden Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock & DZNE Rostock, Rostock, Germany IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy Sorbonne Universit es, Universit e Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epini ere (ICM), D epartement de Neurologie, Institut de la M emoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Piti e-Salpêtri ere, Paris, France AP-HP, UF Biochimie des Maladies Neuro-m etaboliques, Service de Biochimie M etabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Piti e-Salpêtri ere, Paris, France Casa di Cura “San Raffaele Cassino”, Cassino, Italy 90 91 92 Abstract Introduction: The diagnostic and classificatory performances of all combinations of three core
What is the ‘problem’ that digital competence in Swedish teacher education is meant to solve?

This paper explores how policy makers argue for the importance of digital competence in Swedish teacher education. A policy analysis of key policy documents from the government and from government-affiliated organisations from the time period 2011–2016 is conducted using Carol Bacchi’s ‘what’s the problem represented to be? ’ approach. The paper critically examines underlying assumptions and particular viewpoints that underpin how the concept digital competence is formulated in key policy texts.Digital competence is found to be a part of a globalised policy discourse that conceptualises education as a necessity for a competitive work force. Policy makers describe Swedish schools as unsuccessful in providing pupils with adequate digital competence and how this may cause Sweden to fall behind in global competition. Shortcomings in schools are considered to be caused by low digital competence being developed as part of teacher education. In the studied policy documents, the ‘problem’ that digital competence in teacher education is meant to solve is consequently an issue of economic growth and global competition. The strong emphasis on economic benefits and an instrumental perspective on technology expressed in the global policy discourse on digital competence leads to the need for a renewed focus on Bildung and civic competences. (Less)