Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What are The Determinants of Stock Market Development in Emerging Markets

The current study explored the determinants of stock market development in emerging markets using the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed and random effects approaches with data ranging from 1994 to 2014. Emerging markets studied in this paper include Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Czech Republic, Greece, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Turkey, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Singapore and South Africa.The major factors influencing stock market development in line with empirical literature included FDI, economic growth, infrastructural development, savings, inflation, trade openness, exchange rates, banking sector development and stock market liquidity. The impact of these factors on stock market development in emerging markets was then tested using an empirical model (Equation 2). FDI, savings, economic growth, trade openness, exchange rates, banking sector development and stock market liquidity to a larger extent had a positive impact on stock market development in emerging markets. Majority of the findings on the determinants of stock market development resonate with theoretical literature (Table 4). The current study therefore urges emerging markets to implement policies that accelerate economic growth, FDI, banking sector development, savings, trade openness and stock market liquidity in order to enhance their stock market development. Future studies should take into account the dynamic nature of stock market development data. They should also address the endogeneity problem that normally characterise the relationship between stock market development and its determinants.
Concentrations of Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc in Young Female Hair with Different Body Mass Indexes in Taiwan

Department of Holistic Education Center St. John’s and St. Mary’s Institute of Technology, 499, Section 4, Tam-King Road, Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, 56, Shu-Jen Road, Kueishan Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Mackay Junior College of Medical Management and Nursing, 92 ShengChing Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shin Chien University, 70, Ta-Chi Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (Received July 2, 2004; Accepted October 18, 2004)
Service export and economic growth in the selected developing Asian countries

Services trade is regarded as a new source of income, especially for developing countries. Even though services trade only represent 20.2 per cent (2010) to total world trade, interestingly, recent trend shows that the share for developing countries in services trade increased to 32 per cent (2010) as compared to only 20 per cent in 1990. Moreover, the share of service export to total exports also increased from 18 per cent in 1990 to 30 per cent in 2010. Although, most of the developing countries are still net importers of services, there is a widespread belief among scholars and policy makers that there is great potential for services exports to grow further as new source of income for developing countries. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of service export on economic growth using panel dynamic OLS (DOLS) in selected Asian countries (i.e. China, Hong Kong, South Korea, India, Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Turkey). Annual data covering the period from 1985 to 2012 was utilized. The findings indicate that all of the macroeconomic variables tested are co-integrated in the long run. Service export also has a significant and positive impact on economic growth. The findings implies that the Asian developing countries should focus on formulating appropriate policy measures to enhance the performance of services sector and service export to stimulate the economic growth.
The Relationship of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels with Disease Activity in Upper Egyptian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Aim of the work: To assess the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] and their relationship with parameters of disease activity in upper Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods: A case-control study was made on 34 patients with RA and 34 healthy control subjects. The following values were assessed for each patient: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (Anti-CCP), visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Results: Patients with RA had mild to moderate (DAS28 ˂ 5.1) disease activity. The mean serum level of 25(OH)D in patients with RA (24.35±5.66 ng/ml) was significantly lower (P˂ 0.001) than controls (42.46±11.33 ng/ml). Serum 25(OH)D levels did not show correlation with disease duration, ESR, CRP, VASor DAS28 in patients with RA.Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly correlated with age in RA patients (P˂ 0.01). Serum 25(OH)D levels had no relation to RF or anti-CCP positivity. Conclusion: Although serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in RA patients of upper Egypt, there was no correlation with disease activity parameters, therefore, serum 25(OH)D concentrations cannot be used to reflect disease activity.
Distinct risk factor profiles for human papillomavirus type 16-positive and human papillomavirus type 16-negative head and neck cancers.

BACKGROUND High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), including HPV-16, cause a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). We examined whether the risk factors for HPV-16-positive HNSCCs are similar to those for HPV-16-negative HNSCCs in a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS Case subjects (n = 240) diagnosed with HNSCC at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 2000 through 2006 were stratified by tumor HPV-16 status as determined by in situ hybridization. Two control subjects (n = 322) without cancer were individually matched by age and sex to each HPV-16-positive and HPV-16-negative case subject. Data on risk behaviors were obtained by use of audio computer-assisted self-interview technology. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for HPV-16-positive HNSCC and HPV-16-negative HNSCC associated with risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS HPV-16 was detected in 92 of 240 case subjects. HPV-16-positive HNSCC was independently associated with several measures of sexual behavior and exposure to marijuana but not with cumulative measures of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, or poor oral hygiene. Associations increased in strength with increasing number of oral sex partners (P(trend) = . 01) and with increasing intensity (joints per month, P(trend) = . 007), duration (in years, P(trend) = . 01), and cumulative joint-years (P(trend) = . 003) of marijuana use. By contrast, HPV-16-negative HNSCC was associated with measures of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and poor oral hygiene but not with any measure of sexual behavior or marijuana use. Associations increased in strength with increasing intensity (cigarettes per day), duration, and cumulative pack-years of tobacco smoking (for all, P(trend) < . 001), increasing years of heavy alcohol drinking (> or = 15 years of 14 drinks per week; P(trend) = . 03), and increasing number of lost teeth (P(trend) = . 001). Compared with subjects who neither smoked tobacco nor drank alcohol, those with heavy use of tobacco (> or = 20 pack-years) and alcohol had an increased risk of HPV-16-negative HNSCC (OR = 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 12) but not of HPV-16-positive HNSCC (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.9). CONCLUSIONS HPV-16-positive HNSCCs and HPV-16-negative HNSCCs have different risk factor profiles, indicating that they should be considered to be distinct cancers.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal neoplasm risk: a meta-analysis based on East Asian population.

OBJECTIVE The association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and colorectal neoplasm risk was not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether HP infection can increase the risk of developing colorectal neoplasm by meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A detailed literature search was performed on Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for related research publications written in English and/or Chinese. The relevant case-control or cohort studies reporting an association between HP infection and colorectal neoplasm risk were screened and included in this meta-analysis. The association between HP infection and colorectal neoplasm risk was expressed by odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity among the included articles was assessed by I 2 test, and the pooled OR was calculated by fixed effect model in case of no significant heterogeneity otherwise random effect model was employed. All the statistical analyses were done by STATA-11.0 and MetaAnalyst Beta 3.13 software. RESULTS Finally, a total of 2081 colorectal neoplasm patients and 5598 healthy controls from nine eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR for the association between HP infection and colorectal neoplasm risk was 0.18 with its 95% CI of 0.99-1.40, (P > 0.05). We further divided the colorectal neoplasm into the hyperplastic polyps, adenomas and colorectal cancer sub-groups according to colorectal neoplasm types. The pooled ORs and their 95% CIs were OR Hyperplastic_polyps = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.44-1.18, (P > 0.05), OR Adenomas = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.35-2.51, (P < 0.01), OR Colorectal_cancer = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.89-1.68 (P > 0.05). For different region sub-groups, the pooled ORs and 95% CIs were OR South_Korea = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.84-1.66, (P > 0.05), OR China = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.53-1.13, (P > 0.05), OR Taiwan = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.69-1.62, (P > 0.05), OR Japan = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65, (P < 0.05) for South Korea, China main land, Taiwan and Japanese. CONCLUSION In general, no statistical association between HP infection and colorectal neoplasm risk was found in this meta-analysis. But, HP infection may increase the risk of developing colorectal adenomas.
Determination of Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (ACCP) and C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) Concentrations in Serum of Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)

*Department of Applied Science University of Technology. **College of Education / Ibn Al-Haitham University of Baghdad. *** Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. ****Department of Physiological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. allodynia, a heightened and painful response to pressure. (3) Other core symptoms include debilitating fatigue, sleep disturbance, and joint stiffness. Some patients [4] may also report difficulty with swallowing, (5) bowel and bladder abnormalities (6) . FMS affects (2-4) % of general population, and affects more females than males, with a ratio of 9:1 by ACR criteria [7] . People with FMS also may have imbalances in any of the following brain chemicals: Serotonin, Melatonin, Stress hormones, IGF-1 growth hormone all showed low level, while Substance P shows high levels and there is Abnormal pain perception (8) . The important sign of FMS is a pain in "tender ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome; almost invariably, symptoms persist at 5and 10-year follow-ups. The degree of functional impairment is similar to that seen in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody testing is particularly useful in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, with high specificity, in the early disease process, with the ability to identify patients who are likely to have severe disease and irreversible damage. CRP is a member of the class of acute-phase reactants that its levels rise dramatically during inflammatory processes occurring in the body. OBJECTIVE: the main objective of this study is to determine the frequency of anti CCPin patients with FM and the association of anti-CCP level with C-RP. PATIENTS & METHODS: This study included 60 patients with FMS according to the ACR 1990 criteria. Their age range was 20-60 years. These patients were then matched by age and sex to 30 healthy control persons with mean age 42.81 ± 2.16 years. RESULTS: The mean values of ACCP antibodies concentration in serum of patients with FMS were no significant difference as compared to the level in serum of healthy controls (p>0.05), while the mean values of C-RP concentration in serum of patients with FMS were significantly increased than the level in serum of healthy control (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is clear from this study that there is no relationship between the levels of ACCP concentration and FMS while C-RP concentration in patients with FMS may be a good indicator to evaluate this disease. KEY WARD: ACCP, C-RP, FMS THE IRAQI POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10, NO.1, 2011
Treatment outcomes in patients with seropositive versus seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in Phase III randomised clinical trials of tofacitinib

Objectives Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined response to tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg two times a day in patients with seropositive vs seronegative RA. Methods Data were pooled from five Phase III studies of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD)- or biological DMARD-inadequate responders (ORAL Step [NCT00960440]; ORAL Scan [NCT00847613]; ORAL Solo [NCT00814307]; ORAL Sync [NCT00856544]; ORAL Standard [NCT00853385]). ‘Serotype’ subgroups were: anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) positive (anti-CCP+/RF+); anti-CCP+/RF negative (-); anti-CCP-/RF+; anti-CCP-/RF-. At month 3, ACR20/50/70 response rates, Disease Activity Score (DAS28-4[ESR])-defined remission (DAS28-4[ESR]<2.6) and low disease activity (LDA; DAS28-4[ESR]≤3.2), changes from baseline (CFB) in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) physical functioning and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) were evaluated. Safety endpoints were compared. Results Baseline demographics/characteristics were similar across subgroups. Tofacitinib significantly improved ACR20/50/70 response rates, DAS28-4(ESR) LDA rates and CFB in HAQ-DI and FACIT-F vs placebo across subgroups. More anti-CCP+/RF+ than anti-CCP-/RF- patients had ACR20/50/70 responses (ACR20/50: both tofacitinib doses; ACR70: 10 mg two times a day). SF-36 physical functioning improved in anti-CCP+/RF+, anti-CCP+/RF- and anti-CCP-/RF+ patients (both tofacitinib doses) and anti-CCP-/RF- patients (10 mg two times a day) vs placebo. More anti-CCP+/RF+ and anti-CCP+/RF- than anti-CCP-/RF- patients achieved DAS28-4(ESR) remission and LDA with tofacitinib 10 mg two times a day. Frequency of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and discontinuations due to AEs were similar across subgroups. Conclusion Generally, tofacitinib efficacy (ACR20/50/70 responses) and safety were similar across subgroups. DAS28-4(ESR) remission rates and SF-36 physical functioning appeared lower in anti-CCP- patients.
The Delay in Confirming COVID-19 Cases Linked to a Religious Group in Korea

Objectives As of March 3, 2020, the Shincheonji religious group accounted for the majority of Korean cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nonetheless, the most likely cause of the broad spread of COVID-19 among members of the Shincheonji religious group remains largely unknown. Methods We obtained data of laboratory-confirmed cases related to the Shincheonji religious group from press releases by Korean public health authorities and news reports. We measured the period from the date of illness onset to the date of COVID-19 confirmation. Results We analysed data from 59 cases (median age, 30 years). The estimated median period between the date of symptom onset and the date of COVID-19 confirmation was 4 days (95% confidence interval, 1-12). Conclusions There was a delay in COVID-19 confirmation from the date of illness onset among the cases linked to the Shincheonji religious group. This delay likely contributed to the occurrence of many cases of COVID-19 in the group.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Receiving Prophylactic Anticoagulation

Objectives: One of the defining features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection has been high rates of venous thromboses. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients receiving different regimens of prophylactic anticoagulation. Design: Single-center retrospective review using data from patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation. Setting: Tertiary-care center in Indianapolis, IN, United States. Patients: Patients hospitalized at international units Health Methodist Hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation between March 23, 2020, and April 8, 2020, who underwent ultrasound evaluation for venous thrombosis. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 45 patients were included. Nineteen of 45 patients (42.2%) were found to have deep venous thrombosis. Patients found to have deep venous thrombosis had no difference in time to intubation (p = 0.97) but underwent ultrasound earlier in their hospital course (p = 0.02). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were similar between the groups on day of intubation and day of ultrasound (p = 0.44 and p = 0.07, respectively). d-dimers were markedly higher in patients with deep venous thrombosis, both for maximum value and value on day of ultrasound (p < 0.01 for both). Choice of prophylactic regimen was not related to presence of deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.35). Ultrasound evaluation is recommended if d-dimer is greater than 2,000 ng/mL (sensitivity 95%, specificity 46%) and empiric anticoagulation considered if d-dimer is greater than 5,500 ng/mL (sensitivity 53%, specificity 88%). Conclusions: Deep venous thrombosis is very common in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. There was no difference in incidence of deep venous thrombosis among different pharmacologic prophylaxis regimens, although our analysis is limited by small sample size. d-dimer values are elevated in the majority of these patients, but there may be thresholds at which screening ultrasound or even empiric systemic anticoagulation is indicated.
Two of the Mechanims Used by Bacteria to Modify the Environment: Quorum Sensing and ACC Deaminase

Quorum sensing (QS) cell-cell communication systems are utilized by bacteria to coordinate their behaviour according to cell density. Several different types of QS signal molecules have been identified, among which acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by Proteobacteria have been studied to the greatest extent. QS has been shown to be involved in many aspects of bacterial life, including virulence, bioluminescence, symbiosis, antibiotic production, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, conjugation and growth inhibition. Although QS has been studied extensively in cultured microorganisms, little is known about the QS systems of uncultured microorganisms and the roles of these systems in microbial communities. To extend our knowledge of QS systems and to better understand the signalling that takes place in the natural environment, in the first part of this thesis, isolation and characterization of new QS systems from metagenomic libraries constructed using DNA from activated sludge and soil were described. Using an Agrobacterium biosensor strain, three cosmids (QS6-1, QS10-1 and QS10-2) that encode the production of QS signals were identified and DNA sequence analysis revealed that all three clones encode a novel luxI family AHL synthase and a luxR family transcriptional regulator. Thin layer chromatography revealed that these LuxI homolog proteins are able to synthesize multiple AHL signals. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that LuxIQS6-1 directs the synthesis of at least three AHLs, 3-O-C14:1 HSL, 3-O-C16:1 HSL and 3-O-C14 HSL; LuxIQS10-1 directs the synthesis of at least 3-O-C12 HSL and 3-OC14 HSL; while LuxIQS10-2 directs the synthesis of at least C8 HSL and C10 HSL. Two
Volatility Spillover Effect of Pan-Asia’s Property Portfolio Markets

This study assesses the spillover effect of the listed property companies that cover pan-Asian countries, namely Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, China, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. The impact of market integration will create a spillover effect to the countries’ economic performances, in particular the property market. As macroeconomic factors have high correlation with the performance of property security markets, it is therefore important to study the spillover effect by integrating the macroeconomic factors. This study has employed the exponential generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) technique to develop the volatility spillover effect among pan-Asian countries. The results reveal high volatility of listed property companies recorded in Hong Kong and China, while Singapore, The Philippines and Japan have shown low volatility spillovers. In terms of macroeconomic factors, gross domestic product (GDP) and money supply (MS) are the most significant factors in influencing the volatility spillover effect among pan-Asian countries. From the standpoint of regional investors, the volatility spillover characteristics of pan-Asian countries will aid property stakeholders in the region in developing their own methods for making investment decisions in the property security market. Furthermore, in uncertain conditions of the financial market, this study will elevate the transparency of the pan-Asian property portfolio market by providing information on the property market volatility spillovers.
Mental Health Problems among Medical Students during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross- Sectional Study

Background: COVID-19, which originated in China, became a pandemic affecting more than 180 countries. By April 2020, India had announced lockdown in an attempt to control the spread of the virus. Lack of social interaction and apprehension about the studies had created emotional disturbances among medical students. Methods: The study was done in a medical college situated in Central Travancore, Kerala, between 2020 April 20 to May 31. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were administered in Google forms to the MBBS batch WhatsApp groups. Results: Out of 320 responses from medical students, 239 were females, and 82 were male students. 56% of male students and 54% of female students have mild to severe depressive symptoms, 58% of male students and 54% of female students have symptoms of anxiety, and 63% of male students and 50% of female students experienced mild to severe stress.68% of males and 62% of females have higher Impact events scale. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students during the COVID lockdown period. There is a significant difference between genders in scores of anxiety, stress and impact of events. This shows the need for resilience training among medical students.