Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Automated Implementation of On-shell Methods for One-Loop Amplitudes

We present the first results from BlackHat, an automated C++ program for calculating one-loop amplitudes. The program implements the unitarity method and on-shell recursion to construct amplitudes. As input to the calculation, it uses compact analytic formulae for tree amplitudes for four-dimensional helicity states. The program performs all related computations numerically. We make use of recently developed on-shell methods for evaluating coefficients of loop integrals, introducing a discrete Fourier projection as a means of improving efficiency and numerical stability. We illustrate the numerical stability of our approach by computing and analyzing six-, seven-, and eight-gluon amplitudes in QCD and comparing against previously obtained analytic results.
Semiquantum secret sharing using entangled states

Secret sharing is a procedure for sharing a secret among a number of participants such that only the qualified subsets of participants have the ability to reconstruct the secret. Even in the presence of eavesdropping, secret sharing can be achieved when all the members are quantum. So what happens if not all the members are quantum? In this paper, we propose two semiquantum secret sharing protocols by using maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type states in which quantum Alice shares a secret with two classical parties, Bob and Charlie, in a way that both parties are sufficient to obtain the secret, but one of them cannot. The presented protocols are also shown to be secure against eavesdropping.
Magnetoreceptory Function of European Robin Retina: Electrophysiological and Morphological Non-Homogeneity

The avian magnetic compass allows orientation during migration and is shown to function properly under short-wavelength but not long-wavelength visible light. Therefore, the magnetoreceptive system is assumed to be light- and wavelength-dependent and localized in the retina of the eye. Putative candidates for the role of primary magnetosensory molecules are the cryptochromes that are known to be expressed in the avian retina and must be able to interact with phototransduction proteins. Previously, we reported that in migratory birds change in magnetic field direction induces significant effects on electroretinogram amplitude in response to blue flashes, and such an effect was observed only in the nasal quadrant of the retina. Here, we report new electroretinographic, microscopic and microspectrophotometric data on European robins, confirming the magnetosensitivity of the retinal nasal quadrant after applying the background illumination. We hypothesized that magnetoreceptive distinction of this region may be related to its morphology and analyzed the retinal distribution and optical properties of oil droplets, the filtering structures within cones. We found that the nasal quadrant contains double cones with the most intensely colorized oil droplets compared to the rest of the retina, which may be related to its magnetosensory function.
Exploring the rates of malnutrition risk and related factors among inpatients

Aim: The purpose of the study was to reveal the rates of malnutrition risk among inpatients, to determine those who were not malnourished but became iatrogenically-malnourished, and to identify whether malnutrition was prevented or alleviated among how many patients following enteral/parenteral nutrition. Materials and Method: We carried out the study with 349 patients hospitalized in internal and surgical medicine wards between March 01-31, 2017 (1 month) at the Medical Faculty Hospital of Kırıkkale University. The data of this descriptive research was gathered using the NRS-2002 test administered at initial admission and in the first and second weeks (for malnutrition screening) and a demographic information form inquiring about patients’ demographic characteristics, chronic illnesses, medication, and malignancy status. Findings: The findings revealed the mean age of the patients was 60.1±15.5 years and that 54.4% were males. While 75.1% were hospitalized in internal medicine wards, 24.9% received inpatient treatment in surgical medicine wards. About one-fourth of the patients (24.4%) had malnutrition at first admission: 28.6% in internal medicine wards and 11.5% in surgical medicine wards (p = 0.001). Besides, %34.9 of the geriatric group and %16.7 of the non-geriatric group had malnutrition risk, and the difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the male and female patients by malnutrition risk (32.1% vs. 15.1%; p<0.001). The patients in internal medicine and pulmonology wards had significantly increased rates of malnutrition risk in the first week (p = 0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Yet, the second-week evaluations among the patients in these wards and the first-week and second-week evaluations among those in other wards yielded no significant increase in their malnutrition risk. Conclusion: Overall, the NRS-2002 test revealed considerably high rates of malnutrition risk among the participating inpatients. The risk was found to be significantly higher in the males, geriatric patients, patients with malignancy, and patients in internal medicine wards when compared to the females, non-geriatric patients, patients without malignancy, and patients in pulmonology wards, respectively. Besides, the rates of malnutrition risk significantly increased among the patients in internal medicine and pulmonology wards at the end of the first week. Considering the excess rates of malnutrition risk in the present findings, prioritizing malnutrition risk assessment among all patients admitted may be a simple but effective solution to prevent malnutrition from hindering relevant therapies.
How to boost and accelerate new drug development in Korea: business ecosystem perspectives

Vaccines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were developed at an unprecedented speed. For example, tozinameran (Comirnaty®, Pfizer-BioNTech) and elasomeran (Spikevax, Moderna), mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, were granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration within just 10 months since COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization [1]. They were the first COVID-19 vaccines approved by the regulatory authority in the world. Soon after, the regulatory agencies in other countries or regions also granted EUA or full approval to tozinameran and elasomeran as the first vaccines in their territories [1], and people in many of those areas were able to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Interestingly, these 2 vaccines were both developed by a pharmaceutical company based in the US, i.e., Pfizer (tozinameran) and Moderna (elasomeran) [1].
Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of Eucalyptus spp. under water deficit conditions and characteristics of Tunisian arid species: an overview

The genus Eucalyptus occurs in a large range of environmental conditions, mainly arid/semi-arid areas. It includes species with high capacity to survive with extremely low water potential. For that, our review shows an important effect of drought on Eucalyptus spp. plants’ resistance mechanisms and management strategies. In fact, water stress acts directly on growth, productivity, yield, it affects also response to pests and diseases, disturbs wood formation and essential oil yield. However, the general patterns of response to water stress varied among species, genotypes, hybrids and clones. To assume, reducing water loss in eucalyptus species is manifested by reducing leaves area, reducing gas exchange, increasing water uptake thanks to a prolific and deep root systems. A greater accumulation of osmolytes that gives rise to osmotic adjustment including carbohydrates especially cyclitols and quercitol, other amino acids and organic acids, also some proteins which play a vital role in sustaining cellular functions under drought conditions. More than that, water stress increases mainly the levels of pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), abscisic acid (ABA) and the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in Eucalyptus species.
Foliar applied proline and acetic acid improves growth and yield of wheat under salinity stress by improving photosynthetic pigments, physiological traits, antioxidant activities and nutrient uptake

Salinity stress (SS) is serious abiotic stress and a major limiting factor for crop productivity and global food security. In this context, the application of osmolytes is considered as an environmental friend approach to improve plant growth under SS. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of foliar applied proline (Pro) and acetic acid (AA) on growth, yield, physiological traits, photosynthetic pigments, ionic homeostasis and antioxidant activities of wheat under SS. The study contained SS levels 0, 6 and 12 dS m-1 and foliar spray of Pro and AA; water spray, Pro (75 mM), AA (15 mM) and AA (30 mM). The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement. Salinity stress significantly reduced wheat growth and yield, by decreasing relative water contents (-49.07%), photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids (FAA: -44.79%), total soluble proteins (TSP: -15.94%) and increasing the electrolyte leakage (EL: +27.28%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2: +51.86%), and malondialdehyde (MDA: +36.91%) accumulation. The foliar spray of Pro and AA markedly improved the wheat growth and productivity through enhanced photosynthetic pigments, RWC, FAA, TSP, antioxidant activities (catalase: CAT, ascorbate peroxide: APX: peroxidase: POD), K+ and Ca2+ uptake and decreasing EL, MDA and H2O2 accumulation and restricted entry of toxic ions (Na+ and Cl-1). Therefore, foliar application of AA and Pro effectively improves the growth and yield of wheat under SS by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, and maintaining ionic homeostasis and physiological performance.
System and Information Qualities in Mobile Fitness Apps and Their Effects on User Behavior and Performance

ABSTRACT Grounded in goal setting theory and other IS models, this study introduces a robust model, that examines the determinants of MFA goal setting and goal tracking use, and their impact on user behavior and achievement. The empirical results show that system quality and information quality are two key determinants of MFA goal setting and goal tracking use, which significantly influence a user’s goal achievement and behavioral change in terms of physical activities.
Wave radiation in simple geophysical models

Wave radiation is an important process in many geophysical flows. In particular, it is by wave radiation that flows may adjust to a state for which the dynamics is slow. Such a state is described as “balanced”, meaning there is an approximate balance between the Coriolis force and horizontal pressure gradients, and between buoyancy and vertical pressure gradients. In this thesis, wave radiation processes relevant to these enormously complex flows are studied through the use of some highly simplified models, and a parallel aim is to develop accurate numerical techniques for doing so. This thesis is divided into three main parts. 1. We consider accurate numerical boundary conditions for various equations which support wave radiation to infinity. Particular attention is given to discretely non-reflecting boundary conditions, which are derived directly from a discretised scheme. Such a boundary condition is studied in the case of the 1-d Klein-Gordon equation. The limitations concerning the practical implementation of this scheme are explored and some possible improvements are suggested. A stability analysis is developed which yields a simple stability criterion that is useful when tuning the boundary condition. The practical use of higher-order boundary conditions for the 2-d shallow water equations is also explored; the accuracy of such a method is assessed when combined with a particular interior scheme, and an analysis based on matrix pseudospectra reveals something of the stability of such a method. 2. Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flows are examples of systems with a wide timescale separation, determined by a small parameter. In addition they both undergo constant random forcing. The five component Lorenz-Krishnamurthy system is a system with a timescale separation controlled by a small parameter, and we employ it as a model of the forced ocean by further adding a random forcing of the slow variables, and introduce wave radiation to infinity by the addition of a dispersive PDE. The dynamics are reduced by deriving balance relations, and numerical experiments are used to assess the effects of energy radiation by fast waves. 3. We study quasimodes, which demonstrate the existence of associated Landau poles of a system. In this thesis, we consider a simple model of wave radiation that exhibits quasimodes, that allows us to derive some explicit analytical results, as opposed to physically realistic geophysical fluid systems for which such results are often unavailable, necessitating recourse to numerical techniques. The growth rates obtained for this system, which is an extension of one considered by Lamb, are confirmed using numerical experiments.
Global Exponential Stability Analysis of Discrete‐Time Genetic Regulatory Networks with Time Delays

This paper focuses on the study of global robust exponential stability of discrete‐time genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with time‐invariant/time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties. Many existing results on this problem are based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, which needs to verify whether there exists a feasible solution of a set of LMIs. Along with the increase in the number of genes, dimensions of LMIs will increase accordingly, which will lead to a large amount of calculation. Based on M‐matrix theory, sufficient conditions ensuring the global robust exponential stability of a class of discrete‐time GRNs with time‐invariant/time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties are presented. These given conditions are to check whether a constructed constant matrix is a nonsingular M‐matrix. Simulation results of several examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Stress relaxation through crosslink unbinding in cytoskeletal networks

The mechanical properties of cells are dominated by the cytoskeleton, an interconnected network of long elastic filaments. The connections between the filaments are provided by crosslinking proteins, which constitute, next to the filaments, the second important mechanical element of the network. An important aspect of cytoskeletal assemblies is their dynamic nature, which allows remodeling in response to external cues. The reversible nature of crosslink binding is an important mechanism that underlies these dynamical processes. Here, we develop a theoretical model that provides us insight into how the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal networks may depend on their underlying constituting elements. We incorporate three important ingredients: non-affine filament deformations in response to network strain; the interplay between filament and crosslink mechanical properties; and reversible crosslink (un)binding in response to the imposed stress. With this we are able to self-consistently calculate the nonlinear modulus of the network as a function of deformation amplitude and crosslink as well as filament stiffnesses. During loading, crosslink unbinding processes lead to a relaxation of stress and therefore to a reduction of the network modulus and eventually to network failure, when all crosslinks are unbound. This softening due to crosslink unbinding generically competes with an inherent stiffening response, which may be due to either filament or crosslink nonlinear elasticity.
Level spectroscopy in a two-dimensional quantum magnet: Linearly dispersing spinons at the deconfined quantum critical point

We study the level structure of excitations at the ``deconfined'' critical point separating antiferromagnetic and valence-bond-solid phases in two-dimensional quantum spin systems using the $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}Q$ model as an example. Energy gaps in different spin $(S)$ and momentum $(\mathbf{k})$ sectors are extracted from imaginary-time correlation functions obtained in quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We find strong quantitative evidence for deconfined linearly dispersing spinons with gapless points at $\mathbf{k}=(0,0),(\ensuremath{\pi},0),(0,\ensuremath{\pi})$, and $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$, as inferred from two-spinon excitations ($S=0$ and $S=1$ states) around these points. We also observe a duality between singlet and triplet excitations at the critical point and inside the ordered phases, in support of an enhanced symmetry, possibly SO(5).
Conservation Agriculture in Maize-based Cropping System of Nepal: A Review

Maize-based cropping system followed by intensive tillage and faulty practices often associated with many negative implications such as the decline of soil organic matter, increase soil erosion by wind/water, lower nutrient-use efficiency, field burning of crop residue, air pollution mainly attributed to the monoculture of intensive conventional production systems leading to global warming and decline in factor productivity. Conservation Agriculture (CA) underlying principles of minimal soil disturbance, soil cover and crop rotation are increasingly recognized as an essential for the sustainability of this cropping system. Therefore, a brief review was done to find out the results its constraints and the possible interventions under a maize-based system of Nepal. Very few works under CA is done so far under maize-based cropping system of Nepal, however, the results are encouraging. There are some constraints in CA technologies promotion, such as scale-neutral agri-machineries, crop residues competition between CA use and livestock feeding, skilled and scientific manpower availability and overcoming the bias or mindset about tillage. CA provide opportunities to reduce the cost of production, improve resource use efficiency, saves water and nutrients and increase yield. There is a need to develop and promote low-cost technologies of CA that can be used effectively in maize based system of hills and Terai.
Traffic-aware Routing with Software-defined Networks Using Reinforcement Learning and Fuzzy Logic

In recent years, the idea of software-defined networks (SDNs) has been proposed for better network management. This architecture has succeeded in optimizing network management functions and increased the ability to synchronize network equipment. Currently, one of the major issues in this architecture is the routing of packets flowing in the network. The main aim in the routing of packets is to increase the quality of services. Enhancement of the quality and productivity of these networks will increase user satisfaction. To this end, the present study proposes a mechanism for selecting the best route from among several existing routes to direct a flow on such a network. The proposed method examines the network parameters including bandwidth, delay, and packet loss on each link of the route by using artificial intelligence algorithms and changes the parameters reducing network productivity by means of fuzzy logic. Our evaluations show that the proposed method can select routes with high productivity and increase the quality of services on the network. Receiving feedback and modifying the fuzzy membership functions related to each mentioned criterion can maintain the effect of these parameters on an acceptable level after which all transmissions tend towards the optimum. Given the use of reinforcement learning methods which underpin some of the routing methods in SDNs, the proposed idea may gradually contribute to the provision of optimized services on the network.
Near-infrared dust and line emission from the central region of Mrk 1066: constraints from Gemini NIFS

We present integral field spectroscopy of the inner 700 x 700pc 2 of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk 1066 obtained with Gemini's Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) at a spatial resolution of ≈35 pc. This high spatial resolution allowed us to observe, for the first time in this galaxy, an unresolved dust concentration with mass ~1.4 x 10 -2 M ☉ . This unresolved concentration, with emission well reproduced by a blackbody with temperature ~830 K, is possibly part of the nuclear dusty torus. We compared maps of emission-line flux distributions and ratios with a 3.6 cm radio-continuum image and [O III] image in order to investigate the origin of the near-infrared emission. The emission-line fluxes are elongated in PA = 135°/315° in agreement with the [O m] and radio images and, except for the H lines, are brighter to the north-west than to the south-east. This close association with the radio hot spot implies that at least part of the emitting gas is co-spatial with the radio outflow. The H emission is stronger to the south-east, where we find a large region of star-formation. The strong correlation between the radio emission and the highest emission-line fluxes indicates that the radio jet plays a fundamental role at these intensity levels. At lower emission-line fluxes this correlation disappears suggesting a contribution from the plane of the galaxy to the observed emission. The H 2 flux is more uniformly distributed and has an excitation temperature of ≈2100 K. Its origin appears to be circum-nuclear gas heated by X-rays from the central active nucleus. The [Fe II] emission also is consistent with X-ray heating, but its spatial correlation with the radio jet and [O III] emission indicates additional emission due to excitation and/or abundance changes caused by shocks in the radio jet. The coronal-line emission of [Ca VIII] and [S IX] is unresolved by our observations indicating a distribution within 18 pc from the nucleus. The reddening map obtained via the Paβ/Brγ line ratio ranges from E(B - V) ≈ 0 to 1.7 with the highest values defining a S-shaped structure along PA ≈ 135°/315°. The emission-line ratios are Seyfert-like within the ionization cone indicating that the line emission is powered by the central active nucleus in these locations. Low ionization regions are observed away from the ionization cone, and may be powered by the diffuse radiation field which filters through the ionization cone walls. Two regions at 0.5 arcsec south-east and at 1 arcsec north-west of the nucleus show starburst-like line ratios, co-spatial with an enhancement in the emission of the H lines. We attribute this change to additional emission from star-forming regions. The mass of ionized gas is M H II ≈ 1.7 × 10 7 M ☉ and that of hot molecular gas is M H2 ≈ 3.3 x 10 3 M ☉ .
Electromagnetic Casimir forces in elliptic cylinder geometries

The scattering theory approach makes it possible to carry out exact calculations of Casimir energies in any geometry for which the scattering T-matrix and a partial wave expansion of the free Green's function are available. We implement this program for the case of a perfectly conducting elliptic cylinder, thereby completing the set of geometries where electromagnetic scattering is separable. Particular emphasis is placed on the case of zero radius, where the elliptic cylinder reduces to a strip.