Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fracture Risk Assessment in People Living with HIV Infection

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fracture compared to the general population. Possible causes include: an increased prevalence of general fracture risk factors (GFRFs) in PLWH; a direct effect of HIV; and a contributory role of antiretroviral therapy. HIV guidelines recommend FRAX® (www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX) for fracture risk assessment in PLWH. FRAX®, however, incorporates GFRFs but not HIV disease-specific factors. Hypotheses: 1. Both HIV disease-specific factors and GFRFs contribute to reduced BMD and fracture risk in PLWH. 2. FRAX® correlates poorly with BMD in PLWH. Methods: Phase One: The prevalence of GFRFs and fractures were recorded in PLWH. FRAX® 10-year osteoporotic fracture probabilities (FRAX® scores) were calculated. Phase Two: A subset of the Phase One cohort were recruited proportionately by race, gender and FRAX® scores (low, intermediate and high) for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry BMD measurements, vertebral fracture risk assessment and blood and urine sampling for biochemical and immunological markers. T-cell and monocyte subsets were assessed using flow cytometry. Results: Phase One (n = 625): GFRFs were prevalent, but FRAX® scores and fragility fracture prevalence were low. Phase Two (n = 114): FRAX®-incorporated GFRFs and increased cumulative protease inhibitor exposure (but no other HIV disease-specific factor) were significant independent determinants of reduced BMD. Non-classical monocytes were also associated with reduced BMD. There was a significant negative correlation between FRAX® scores and BMD in black patients (p=0.003 for lumbar spine and total hip) and between FRAX® hip scores and total hip BMD in white patients (p=0.030). Total hip BMD differed significantly between patients with low FRAX® hip scores (0.999 ± .113 g cm-2) and high FRAX® hip scores (0.882 ± .136g cm-2) (p<0.001). Conclusions: FRAX®-incorporated GFRFs were the predominant determinants of reduced BMD. FRAX® correlated well with BMD and may be of value for fracture risk assessment in specific HIV-positive patient subgroups.
Cosmopolitan canvases: the globalization of markets for contemporary art

This book brings together recent, multidisciplinary, cutting edge research on the globalization of markets for contemporary art. Focusing on different regions including China, Russia, India, and Japan, the chapters in this book study the extent to which art markets have indeed become global. On the one hand, it focuses on organizations such as the art fairs, Internet platforms, and auction houses which have enabled global flows of contemporary art. It shows how art from places such as the Middle East has been transformed into a new asset class. On the other hand, the chapters highlight the multiple barriers which globalization has encountered in art markets. Although markets for contemporary art have indeed emerged across the globe, cross-border flows of works of art have remained comparatively insignificant. The reasons behind these barriers are explored. They include differences in taste across the globe, trade barriers in countries like India and Brazil, and vested interests of actors in local art worlds like Japan. This book recognizes the coexistence of various ecologies of contemporary art exchange and sketches the presence of resilient local networks of actors and organizations within art markets. Some chapters moreover argue that Europe and the United States continue to dominate the global market, especially when considering rankings of success and participation in the most prestigious commercial events such as Art Basel.
Safe Water as the Key to Global Health

Acknowledgements This document would not have been possible without the collaborative efforts of participants at an international workshop on water and health held with the support of McMaster University, Canada, and UNU-INWEH staff. A number of individuals played a key role in ensuring the success of the workshop. The session chairs were instrumental in leading and synthesizing discussion: Dr. and other INWEH staff worked tirelessly to make sure that the workshop ran smoothly. 1. Flooded street caused by failures in the water and sanitation systems, Iraq ©UNICEF/HQ03-0210/P. Andrade 2. Collecting river water to drink, Bangladesh ©UNICEF/HQ07-1894/S. Noorani 3. Private tankers fill up with raw river water for sale, Angola ©Jaspreet Kindra/IRIN 4. Drainage canal contaminated with raw sewage, Jamaica ©UNICEF/HQ08-0268/S. Markisz 5. Washing dishes beside a hanging latrine, Bangladesh ©UNICEF/HQ06-2701/S. Noorani 6. Children playing in flood water, Somalia ©Manoocher Deghati/IRIN DISCLAIMER The designations employed and presentations of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations University (UNU) concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the respective authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNU. Mention of the names of firms or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNU.
Comparative Studies on Performances of Slotted and Slotless High-Speed PMBLDC Motors

Slotted and slotless stators are two main stator topologies in high-speed permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) motors. Both have their own advantages and drawbacks. The electromagnetic loss of slotted and slotless motors have different characteristics in different speed range. Therefore, the comparison of slotted and slotless motors must consider different speed ranges. The performances of slotted and slotless high-speed PMBLDC motors in the full speed range up to 480 krpm are compared in this paper. The no-load and load electromagnetic performances of slotted and slotless motors are studied. The electromagnetic losses of slotted and slotless motors in the full speed range are investigated and compared. Meanwhile, based on the loss calculation results, the thermal characteristics of slotted and slotless motors are studied. The comparison results are summarized considering the electromagnetic, loss and thermal characteristics comprehensively. Finally, a prototype of high-speed PMBLDC motor is manufactured and tested to validate the analysis results.
Exploring the Performance of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Load Sensor for Total Knee Replacements

Using tibial sensors in total knee replacements (TKRs) can enhance patient outcomes and reduce early revision surgeries, benefitting hospitals, the National Health Services (NHS), stakeholders, biomedical companies, surgeons, and patients. Having a sensor that is accurate, precise (over the whole surface), and includes a wide range of loads is important to the success of joint force tracking. This research aims to investigate the accuracy of a novel intraoperative load sensor for use in TKRs. This research used a self-developed load sensor and artificial intelligence (AI). The sensor is compatible with Zimmer’s Persona Knee System and adaptable to other knee systems. Accuracy and precision were assessed, comparing medial/lateral compartments inside/outside the sensing area and below/within the training load range. Five points were tested on both sides (medial and lateral), inside and outside of the sensing region, and with a range of loads. The average accuracy of the sensor was 83.41% and 84.63% for the load and location predictions, respectively. The highest accuracy, 99.20%, was recorded from inside the sensing area within the training load values, suggesting that expanding the training load range could enhance overall accuracy. The main outcomes were that (1) the load and location predictions were similar in accuracy and precision (p > 0.05) in both compartments, (2) the accuracy and precision of both predictions inside versus outside of the triangular sensing area were comparable (p > 0.05), and (3) there was a significant difference in the accuracy of load and location predictions (p < 0.05) when the load applied was below the training loading range. The intraoperative load sensor demonstrated good accuracy and precision over the whole surface and over a wide range of load values. Minor improvements to the software could greatly improve the results of the sensor. Having a reliable and robust sensor could greatly improve advancements in all joint surgeries.
Fiber-Optic Probes for Ring-Shaped Multiparticle Capture

Conventional single-fiber optical tweezers usually capture particles at the front or side end of the tip of a fiber probe, thus enabling optical manipulation of particles in a limited range. In this article, we design and fabricate a novel single-fiber probe, which is prepared by integrating a common single-mode fiber (SMF) and a silica capillary microtubular fiber (COF) and the excitation of LP21 higher order modes in fiber-optic probes, and its output light field has multiple focused light traps, which enhances the intensity of the light field at the edge of the light probe and capable of capturing and manipulating multiple 3- $\mu \text{m}$ -diameter polystyrene (PS) particles simultaneously in a circular multidirectional manner, thus breaking the limitation of the direction of the light capture and expanding the spatial range of the light capture. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the fiber probe. The excitation and application of multimode beams in this new fiber probe improves the capture efficiency of single-fiber probes and is easy to prepare, and it enriches the functionality of a single-fiber optic probe, which is expected to be applied in the field of micro-objects research, such as the collection of multiple cells in biomedicine and the manipulation of multiple particles.
Effect of weaning age on growth performance of crossbred pigs reared up to 70 kg body weight under intensive system

This study investigated the effect of weaning age on growth performance of crossbred piglets reared up to 70 kg body weight (BW) under intensive system from May to November 2013. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design where weaner pigs were randomly allocated to three weaning ages (treatment) of 21, 28 and 35 days. Each treatment had 16 weaner pigs with four replicates (pen) each having four pigs of equal sex. The study was divided into three rearing periods: weaning phase (WP) (weaning to 70 days), grow to finish period (GFP) (70 days to 70 kg BW) and wean to finish period (WFP) (weaning to 70 kg BW). The growth parameters studied were BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and days on test. Data were analysed using General Linear Model Procedures of Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that BW for piglets weaned at 21 days of age was significantly (P<0.05) lower (17.93 ± 0.69 kg) than that of piglets weaned at 28 days (21.57 ± 0.78 kg) but similar to piglets weaned at 35 days (19.34 ± 0.78 kg) which was intermediate during WP. Piglets weaned at 21 days of age had significantly lower ADG (0.267 ± 0.01 kg), ADFI (0.651 ± 0.01 kg) and higher FCR (2.56 ± 0.12) than piglets weaned at 28 and 35 days of age at the end of WP. Average daily gain (0.884 ± 0.02 kg), ADFI (2.31 ± 0.02 kg) and days on test (57 ± 2) significantly improved during GFP with respect to 21 day weaned group compared to 28 and 35 days groups. All the measured parameters did not significantly vary during WFP. Generally, weaning age had no effect on growth performance of piglets weaned at 21, 28 and 35 days of age suggesting that piglets can be weaned at these periods without adversely affecting growth performance. It is therefore recommended that further studies can be conducted to evaluate the effect of weaning age on the reproductive performance of the sows and profitability of the three weaning ages.
Geospatial Analysis of Urban Sprawl Patterns in Amritsar City, Punjab, India

Amritsar is the largest and most important city in northern Punjab. Amritsar serves as a major commercial, cultural, and transportation hub with Golden Temple & Raja Sansi international airport. It lies about 25 km east of the border with Pakistan and gateway for travelers coming to India on the overland route from central Asia. The present study attempts to understand, detect and quantify the spatial pattern of Amritsar urban sprawl using Shannon’s entropy and multitemporal satellite images acquired for the period from 1972 to 2015. Shannon’s entropy has been used to model the city’s urban sprawl, trend and spatial change. The entropy values for the different grids were modeled and the interpolation function in ArcGIS is used to obtain an entropy surface for each acquired temporal image. The entropy surface index indicates the spatial pattern of the urban sprawl and facilitates to visual assess the entropy phenomenon in all the grids. The value of Shannon’s entropy index increased from (0.40) in year 1972 to (0.97) in year 2015, indicating more dispersed urban growth, an indication of urban sprawl. Results obtained from entropy indices help in understanding the sprawl patterns and dynamics among different grids and provide a visual comparison which facilitates the decision makers and city planners for measuring the urban sprawl required for mega cities.
Contemporary Review of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Management and Prognosis

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a rapid decline in auditory function that needs urgent medical management. Although etiologic factors, including viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and vascular issues, contribute to the understanding of SSNHL, the condition remains unclear in most cases. Systemic steroids are often used as the first-line treatment because they reduce inner ear inflammation; however, there remains numerous discussions about the effectiveness of alternative treatments. To predict hearing recovery is crucial in patients’ counseling with factors, including delayed treatment, vertigo, and other health conditions, which indicate poor prognosis. Herein, we review contemporary research on the treatment approaches and outcome predictions of SSNHL to establish important guidelines for physicians in evaluating and treating patients with SSNHL.
Cultural change in servitization – a conceptual review and framework

Purpose (Digital) servitization, referring to service-driven strategies and their increasing implementation in manufacturing, is one of the most rapidly growing areas in industrial service research. However, the cultural change involved in successful servitization is a phenomenon that is widely observed but poorly understood. This research aims to clarify the processes of social construction as manufacturers change their organizational culture to transform into industrial service providers.Design/methodology/approachThis research takes a systematic approach to integrate disparate literature on servitization into a cohesive framework for cultural change, which is purposefully augmented by rationale culled from organizational learning and sensemaking literature.Findings The organizational learning framework for cultural change in servitization introduces a dynamic perspective on servitizing organizations by explaining social processes between organizational and member-level cultural properties. It identifies three major cultural orientations toward service, digital and learning that govern successful servitization.Originality/value This research contributes to the servitization literature by presenting a new approach to reframe and explore cultural change processes across multiple levels, thus providing a concrete starting point for further research in this area.
Proceso de gestión del conocimiento en empresas de Cd. Victoria Tamaulipas

Esta investigación cuantitativa analizó las fases del proceso de gestión del conocimiento en empresas privadas de los sectores industriales, comerciales y de servicios ubicadas en Victoria Tamaulipas. Para este objetivo se generó un instrumento a partir del análisis de diversos estudios previos, posteriormente, para su aplicación se recurrió a muestreo probabilístico, de la muestra determinada se obtuvo respuesta de 149 informantes clave. La información obtenida se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis factorial. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron caracterizar el proceso de gestión del conocimiento a partir de 3 fases principales, identificación y creación, almacenamiento y compartición y la fase aplicación y medición donde además se identificaron actividades de gestión del conocimiento implementadas por las empresas estudiadas así como aspecto que se pueden mejorar en beneficio de las mismas.
Livestock Methane Emission: Microbial Ecology and Mitigation Strategies

Rumen microbiome plays a critical role in the development and nutrition of the host, and any alteration in the rumen microbiome has an important effect on the animal. Rumen microbial ecology is always dynamic in response to the diets and physiological condi- tions of the host. Ruminal microorganisms are mainly anaerobic and provide around 75% of the energy needed by the animal. The importance of microbial diversity in rumen has gained attention not only due to its significance on the productivity of the host, but also due to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and their environmental impact. Livestock is one of the most important sources of GHGs from agriculture, contributing more than 25% of global GHGs emissions. However, the variations in livestock emis - sion in different regions of the world could be attributed to the changes in diversity and abundance of rumen microbial communities, which vary according to the type and age of animal, type of feeds, feeding strategies, climate, etc. This chapter deals on rumen microbial ecology, the role of microorganisms in enteric fermentation and the different mitigation strategies based on manipulation of rumen microbial diversity to reduce the methane emissions from livestock.
Large owl territories as a planning tool for vertebrate fauna conservation in the forests and woodlands of eastern Australia

Thepotential for largeowls toserveas indicators ofhighlevels of arboreal marsupial and other vertebrate species diversity, or “umbrella species” (Simberloff 1998), in the forests and woodlands of eastern Australia has provoked considerable discussion over the past few decades (e.g. Kavanagh 2002, Kavanagh and Bamkin 1994, Loyn et al. 1980, 2001, 2002, Milledge et al. 1991). Recent planning for the conservation of large owls has been based on habitat modelling (Loyn et al. 2001, 2002, McIntyre and Henry 2002), although the capacity of modelled owl habitat to cater for other species has not been clearly demonstrated. This chapter explores the approach of conserving known territories of large owls by examining data from two surveys of large owls conducted on different sides of the Great Dividing Range. The findings are presented as a framework for reserve selection to assist in achieving optimum biodiversity conservation outcomes in landscapes where competing land uses are now reducing options for formal reservation. Neither sufficient data, nor exhaustive analyses of data from these two surveys, are available to unequivocally demonstrate relationships between large owl territories, habitats and other vertebrate species, but the findings are presented here to inform current conservation planning. This decision was made because there will be little satisfaction in presenting, in another decade or so, a paper entitled: “Being wise after the event . ”, i.e. when it has been firmly established that large owls do exhibit a pattern of habitat selection that is ideal for map-based reserve design, but the opportunity to apply this knowledge has been lost.
Presence of environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis in Thailand

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium and the cause of melioidosis. Currently knowledge of the distribution of environmental B. pseudomallei and of the factors determining it is limited. In Thailand B. thailandensis, a closely related species to B. pseudomallei, is common, though the implications for B. pseudomallei distribution is unknown. Due to the difficulties in diagnosis of melioidosis and lack of resources, the distribution and burden of human melioidosis is likely under-reported. Melioidosis is a notifiable disease in Thailand. It has been estimated that more than 2,000 deaths are caused by melioidosis in Thailand, but only around 10 melioidosis deaths were officially reported to the notifiable diseases surveillance system (Report 506) each year. This thesis describes two large epidemiological studies: an environmental survey; and a cross-sectional retrospective, multicenter surveillance study using data from hospital databases nationwide. The environmental survey examined the distribution of environmental B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis, ecological factors, and the seropositivity of farmers working in the fields. The retrospective surveillance study determined the incidence and mortality of human melioidosis diagnosed in large public hospitals throughout Thailand. I found that B. pseudomallei is widely distributed in East and Northeast Thailand, and unevenly distributed in Central Thailand. B. pseudomallei thrives in rice fields that are nutrient depleted. Presence of B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis in the same field is not uncommon. In addition, B. thailandensis expressing B. pseudomallei-like capsular polysaccharide (BTCV) was isolated from soil for the first time in Thailand. Background seropositivity against B. pseudomallei of healthy rice farmers in Thailand is associated with presence of B. pseudomallei in rice fields rather than B. thailandensis or BTCV. Finally, melioidosis is endemic and is an important cause of death in Thailand, but is rarely officially reported to the Thai Ministry of Public Health. Data from the national notifiable disease-surveillance system in resource-limited settings should be verified by integrating information from readily available databases.
Photogrammétrie et vision par ordinateur

Une comparaison est effectuee entre les facons employees en photogrammetrie et en vision par ordinateur pour traiter les problemes lies a l'acquisition de la 3D a partir d'images stereoscopiques. Le formalisme adopte, assez different, est presente, et quelques perspectives d'evolution en sont deduites.
TCGAnalyzeR : a web application for integrative visualization of molecular and clinical data of cancer patients for cohort discovery

M otivation : The vast size and comple x ity of The Cancer Genome Atlas ( TCGA ) database with multidimensional molecular and clinical data of ~ 11,000 cancer patients of 33 cancer types challenge the effective utilization of this valuable resource . Therefore , we built a web application named TCGAnalyzeR with the main idea of presenting an integrative visualization of mutations , transcriptome profile , copy number variation , and clinical data allowing researchers to facilitate the identification of customized patient cohorts and gene sets for better decision - ma k ing for oncologists and cancer researchers . Results : W e present TCGAnalyzeR for integrative visualization of pre - analyzed TCGA data with several novel modules : ( i ) S imple nucleotide variations with driver prediction ; ( ii ) Recurrent copy number alterations ; ( iii ) D ifferential e x pression in tumor versus normal , with pathway enrichment and the survival analysis ; ( iii ) TCGA clinical data and survival analysis ; ( iv ) Ex ternal subcohorts from literature , curatedTCGA D ata and B ioc O ncoT K R pac k ages ; ( v ) I nternal