Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospecting for periods with LSST – low-mass X-ray binaries as a test case

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will provide for unbiased sampling of variability properties of objects with r magnitude < 24. This should allow for those objects whose variations reveal their orbital periods (Porb), such as low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and related objects, to be examined in much greater detail and with systematic sampling. However, the baseline LSST observing strategy has temporal sampling that is not optimized for such work in the Galaxy. Here, we assess four candidate observing strategies for measurement of Porb in the range 10 min to 50 d. We simulate multifilter quiescent LMXB light curves including ellipsoidal modulation and stochastic flaring, and then sample these using LSST’s operations simulator (OpSim) over the (mag, Porb) parameter space, and over five sight-lines sampling a range of possible reddening values. The percentage of simulated parameter space with correctly returned periods ranges from ∼ 23 per cent, for the current baseline strategy, to ∼ 70 per cent for the two simulated strategies without reduced Galactic sampling. Convolving these results with a Porb distribution, a modelled Galactic spatial distribution and reddening maps, we conservatively estimate that the most recent version of the LSST baseline strategy (baseline2018a) will allow Porb determination for ∼ 18 per cent of the Milky Way’s LMXB population, whereas strategies that do not reduce observations of the Galactic Plane can improve this dramatically to ∼ 32 per cent. This increase would allow characterization of the full binary population by breaking degeneracies between suggested Porb distributions in the literature. Our results can be used in the ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of various potential cadencing strategies.
Performance of a fully parallel dense real symmetric eigensolver in quantum chemistry applications

The parallel performance of a dense, standard and generalized, real, symmetric eigensolver based on bisection for eigenvalues and repeated inverse iteration and reorthogonalization for eigenvectors is described. The performance of this solver, called PeIGS, is given for two test problems and for three ``real-world`` quantum chemistry applications: SCF-Hartree-Fock, density functional theory,and Moeller-Plesset theory. The distinguishing feature of the repeated inverse iteration and orthogonalization method used by PEIGS is that orthogonalization may be performed across multiple processors as dictated by the spectrum. For each problem we describe the spectrum and the clustering of the eigenvalues, the most important factor in determining the execution time. For a spectrum that is well spaced, there is essentially no orthogonalization time. Most of the time is consumed in the Householder reduction to tridiagonal form. For large clusters, almost all of the time is consumed in the Householder reduction and in orthogonalization. Performance results from the Intel Paragon, and Kendall Square Research KSR-2 are reported.
Observational Constraints on the Tilted Spatially Flat and the Untilted Nonflat ϕCDM Dynamical Dark Energy Inflation Models

We constrain spatially flat tilted and nonflat untilted scalar field (ϕ) dynamical dark energy inflation (ϕCDM) models by using Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements and recent baryonic acoustic oscillation distance observations, Type Ia supernovae apparent magnitude data, Hubble parameter measurements, and growth rate data. We assume an inverse power-law scalar field potential energy density . We find that the combination of the CMB data with the four non-CMB data sets significantly improves parameter constraints and strengthens the evidence for nonflatness in the nonflat untilted ϕCDM case from 1. 8σ for the CMB measurements only to more than 3. 1σ for the combined data. In the nonflat untilted ϕCDM model, current observations favor a spatially closed universe with spatial curvature contributing about two-thirds of a percent of the present cosmological energy budget. The flat tilted ϕCDM model is a 0. 4σ better fit to the data than is the standard flat tilted ΛCDM model: current data allow for the possibility that dark energy is dynamical. The nonflat tilted ϕCDM model is in better accord with the Dark Energy Survey bounds on the rms amplitude of mass fluctuations now (σ8) as a function of the nonrelativistic matter density parameter now (Ωm) but it does not provide as good a fit to the larger-multipole Planck 2015 CMB anisotropy data as does the standard flat tilted ΛCDM model. A few cosmological parameter value measurements differ significantly when determined using the tilted flat and the untilted nonflat ϕCDM models, including the cold dark matter density parameter and the reionization optical depth.
Generalized raising and lowering operators for supersymmetric quantum mechanics

Supersymmetric quantum mechanics has many applications, and typically uses a raising and lowering operator formalism. For one dimensional problems, we show how such raising and lowering operators may be generalized to include an arbitrary function. As a result, the usual Rodrigues' formula of the theory of orthogonal polynomials may be recovered in special cases, and it may otherwise be generalized to incorporate an arbitrary function. We provide example generalized operators for several important classical orthogonal polynomials, including Chebyshev, Gegenbauer, and other polynomials. In particular, as concerns Legendre polynomials and associated Legendre functions, we supplement and generalize results of Bazeia and Das.
Morpho-kinematics of z ∼ 1 galaxies probe the hierarchical scenario

We have studied a representative sample of intermediate-mass galaxies at z~1, observed by the kinematic survey KMOS3D. We have re-estimated the kinematical parameters from the published kinematic maps and analysed photometric data from HST to measure optical disk inclinations and PAs. We find that only half of the z~1 galaxies show kinematic properties consistent with rotating disks, using the same classification scheme than that adopted by the KMOS3D team. Because merger orbital motions can also brought rotation, we have also analysed galaxy morphologies from the available HST imagery. Combining these results to those from kinematics, it leads to a full morpho-kinematic classification. To test the robustness of the latter for disentangling isolated disks from mergers, we confronted the results with an analysis of pairs from the open-grism redshift survey 3D-HST. All galaxies found in pairs are affected by either kinematic and/or morphological perturbations. Conversely, all galaxies classified as virialized spirals are found to be isolated. A significant fraction (one fourth) of rotating disks classified from kinematics by the KMOS3D team are found in pairs, which further supports the need for a morpho-kinematic classification. It results that only one third of z~1 galaxies are isolated and virialized spirals, while 58% of them are likely involved in a merger sequence, from first approach to disk rebuilding. The later fraction is in good agreement with the results of semi-empirical {\Lambda}CDM models, supporting a merger-dominated hierarchical scenario as being the main driver of galaxy formation at least during the last 8 billion years.
Definition of complexity for dynamical spherically symmetric dissipative self-gravitating fluid distributions

The recently proposed definition of complexity for static and spherically symmetric self--gravitating systems [1], is extended to the fully dynamic situation. In this latter case we have to consider not only the complexity factor of the structure of the fluid distribution, but also the condition of minimal complexity of the pattern of evolution. As we shall see these two issues are deeply intertwined. For the complexity factor of the structure we choose the same as for the static case, whereas for the simplest pattern of evolution we assume the homologous condition. The dissipative and non-dissipative cases are considered separately. In the latter case the fluid distribution, satisfying the vanishing complexity factor condition and evolving homologously, corresponds to a homogeneous (in the energy density), geodesic and shear-free, isotropic (in the pressure) fluid. In the dissipative case the fluid is still geodesic, but shearing, and there exists (in principle) a large class of solutions. Finally we discuss about the stability of the vanishing complexity condition.
Not all stars form in clusters – measuring the kinematics of OB associations with Gaia

It is often stated that star clusters are the fundamental units of star formation and that most (if not all) stars form in dense stellar clusters. In this monolithic formation scenario, low density OB associations are formed from the expansion of gravitationally bound clusters following gas expulsion due to stellar feedback. $N$-body simulations of this process show that OB associations formed this way retain signs of expansion and elevated radial anisotropy over tens of Myr. However, recent theoretical and observational studies suggest that star formation is a hierarchical process, following the fractal nature of natal molecular clouds and allowing the formation of large-scale associations in-situ. We distinguish between these two scenarios by characterising the kinematics of OB associations using the Tycho-$Gaia$ Astrometric Solution catalogue. To this end, we quantify four key kinematic diagnostics: the number ratio of stars with positive radial velocities to those with negative radial velocities, the median radial velocity, the median radial velocity normalised by the tangential velocity, and the radial anisotropy parameter. Each quantity presents a useful diagnostic of whether the association was more compact in the past. We compare these diagnostics to models representing random motion and the expanding products of monolithic cluster formation. None of these diagnostics show evidence of expansion, either from a single cluster or multiple clusters, and the observed kinematics are better represented by a random velocity distribution. This result favours the hierarchical star formation model in which a minority of stars forms in bound clusters and large-scale, hierarchically-structured associations are formed in-situ.
Room-temperature photon-number-resolved detection using a two-mode squeezer

We study the average coincidence-count signal at the output of a two-mode squeezing device with $|N\rangle\otimes|\alpha\rangle$ as the two input modes. We show that the input photon-number can be resolved from the average coincidence counts. In particular, we show jumps in the average coincidence-count signal as a function of input photon-number $N$. Therefore, we propose that such a device may be deployed as photon-number-resolving detector at room temperature with high efficiency.
Conflating and misgendering: why World Athletics (and other sports governing bodies) should jettison the competitive labels ‘Women’s’/‘Men’s’

ABSTRACT Martínková et al provide an overview of a tendency to use gender terms in key sports contexts, including eligibility criteria and testing, where gender is unintended. They argue that to avoid conceptual confusion and aid clarity, we should disentangle gender and sex, acknowledging that often gender talk should be interpreted as talk of sex. One of their recommendations is that the labels of competitive categories ‘women’s’/’men’s’ should change to ‘female’/’male’. I first make their argument against gendered labelling more precise by showing that important yet neglected moral and practical reasons support their abandonment. I then argue that in the case of WA regulations, those moral reasons also cut against Martínková et al.’s relabelling proposal ‘female’/’male’. I sketch a testosterone-based proposal which circumvents the problem and which WA itself should accept. More generally, I argue we should be more mindful of the risk that competitive category labels unnecessarily harm athletes.
Interpolated Experience Replay for Continuous Environments

: The concept of Experience Replay is a crucial element in Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms of the DQN family. The basic approach reuses stored experiences to, amongst other reasons, overcome the problem of catastrophic forgetting and as a result stabilize learning. However, only experiences that the learner observed in the past are used for updates. We anticipate that these experiences posses additional valuable information about the underlying problem that just needs to be extracted in the right way. To achieve this, we present the Interpolated Experience Replay technique that leverages stored experiences to create new, synthetic ones by means of interpolation. A previous proposed concept for discrete-state environments is extended to work in continuous problem spaces. We evaluate our approach on the MountainCar benchmark environment and demonstrate its promising potential.
Star Cluster Ages in the Gaia Era

We use the framework developed as part of the MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) project to assess the utility of several types of observables in jointly measuring the age and 1D stellar model parameters in star clusters. We begin with a pedagogical overview summarizing the effects of stellar model parameters, such as the helium abundance, mass-loss efficiency, and mixing-length parameter, on observational diagnostics such as the color–magnitude diagram, mass–radius relation, and surface abundances, among others. We find that these parameters and the stellar age influence observables in qualitatively distinctive, degeneracy-breaking ways. To assess the current state of affairs, we use the recent Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) along with data from the literature to investigate three well-studied old open clusters—NGC 6819, M67, NGC 6791—as case studies. Although there is no obvious tension between the existing observations and the MIST models for NGC 6819, there are interesting discrepancies in the cases of M67 and NGC 6791. At this time, parallax zero-point uncertainties in Gaia DR2 remain one of the limiting factors in the analysis of these clusters. With a combination of exquisite photometry, parallax distances, and cluster memberships from Gaia at the end of its mission, we anticipate precise and accurate ages for these and other star clusters in the Galaxy.
Relativistic eikonal approximation in high-energy A (e,e ' p) reactions

A fully relativistic model for the description of exclusive ${(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ reactions off nuclear targets at high energies and momentum transfers is outlined. It is based on the eikonal approximation for the ejectile scattering wave function and a relativistic mean-field approximation to the Walecka model. Results for ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ differential cross sections and separated structure functions are presented for four-momenta in the range $0.8l~{Q}^{2}l~20 (\mathrm{GeV}{/c)}^{2}. $ The regions of applicability of the eikonal approximation are studied and observed to be confined to proton knockout in a relatively small cone about the momentum transfer. A simple criterion defining the boundaries of this cone is determined. The ${Q}^{2}$ evolution of the effect of off-shell ambiguities on the different ${(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ structure functions is addressed. At sufficiently high values of ${Q}^{2}$ their impact on the cross sections is illustrated to become practically negligible. It is pointed out that for the whole range of ${Q}^{2}$ values studied here, the bulk of the relativistic effects arising from the coupling between the lower components in the wave functions, is manifesting itself in the longitudinal-transverse interference term.
Situational Question Answering using Memory Nets

: Embodied Question Answering (EQA) is a rather novel research direction, which bridges the gap between intelligence of commonsense reasoning systems and reasoning over actionable capabilities of mobile robotic platforms. Mobile robotic platforms are usually located in random physical environments, which have to be dynamically explored and taken into account to deliver correct response to users’ requests. Users’ requests are mostly related to foreseeable physical objects, their properties and positional relations to other objects in a scene. The challenge here is to create an intelligent system which successfully maps the query expressed in natural language to a set of reasoning stems and physical actions, required to deliver the user a correct answer. In this paper we present an approach called Situational Question Answering (SQA), which enforces the embodied agent to reason about all available context-relevant information. The approach relies on reasoning over an explicit knowledge graph complemented by inference mechanisms with transparent, human-understandable explanations. In particular, we combine a set of facts with basic knowledge about the world, a situational memory, commonsense understanding, and reasoning capabilities, which go beyond dedicated object knowledge. On top, we propose a Semantics Abstraction Layer (SAL) that acts as intermediate level between knowledge and natural language. The SAL is designed in a way that reasoning functions can be executed hierarchically to provide complex queries resolution. To demonstrate the flexibility of the SAL we define a set of questions that require a basic understanding of time, space, and actions including related objects and locations. As an outlook, a roadmap on how to extend the question set for incrementally growing systems is presented.
Natural history and clinical course of patients with dermographism in a tropical country: a questionnaire-based survey

Background Dermographism is the most common form of chronic inducible urticaria. However, the natural history and clinical course of patients with dermographism in tropical countries has not fully been described. Objective To examine clinical features, natural history and clinical course of dermographism in Thai patients according to their experiences. Methods A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted in 2021. All study respondents completed a 45-item questionnaire that was circulated on social media regarding dermographism. Results Among the 2,456 respondents who reported dermographism, 1,900 had symptomatic dermographism (SD), while 556 had simple dermographism (SimD). Of the respondents who reported SD and SimD, the female to male ratio was 2.2:1 and 2.4:1, respectively. The median age of the first episode of SD and SimD was 16 and 15 years, respectively. Older age, greater body weight, cardiovascular diseases, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, changes in temperature, and family history of dermographism were all factors linked to an increased probability of SD. Half of the respondents with SD reported moderate itch severity. Moreover, about half of SD and almost all of SimD respondents let the wheal resolve on its own. Second generation H1-antihistamines were most commonly prescribed while over-the-counter medicines were taken by both SD and SimD respondents. Conclusion This survey highlights several aspects of dermographism in Thai patients which can be useful for healthcare providers. SD is troublesome and affects the quality of life of many patients, leading some to seek medication themselves.
Nutrient Uptake by Soybean Plants in Succession of Cover Crops in Northeast of Brazil

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the nutrient absorption rate in soybean plants cultivated in succession to cover crops and under soil management systems. We performed two experiments with soybean grown on the remaining straw of Crotalaria spectabilis and Pennisetum glaucum (millet), under no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT), over the cropping years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, in the Cerrado of Piauí state. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, arranged in split-plots. Plots corresponded to soil management systems and subplots to days after emergence (DAE) of soybean, with 3 replications. Nutrients contents were evaluated at 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, 66, 73, 80, 87, 94, 101, 108 and 115 DAE. Higher soybean dry matter (DM) production occurred in MT compared to no tillage. Crotalaria spectabilis enhanced accumulation of DM and N until stage R2. Accumulation of nutrients and DM in soybean cultivated on the straw of millet and C. spectabilis were similar across soil management systems. The phase of highest accumulation of nutrients and DM in soybean occurs between stages R5 and R7. All the nutrients, except Ca and Mn, are allocated to the grains during physiological maturity, in proportions higher than 50% of the total amount accumulated in soybean plants.
Computer analysis of number sequences

This inspiring book becomes one that is very booming. After published, this book can steal the market and book lovers to always run out of this book. And now, we will not let you run out any more to get this book. Why should be computer analysis of number sequences? As a book lover, you must know that enjoying the book to read should be relevant to how you exactly need now. If they are not too much relevance, you can take the way of the inspirations to create for new inspirations.
HT-29 Colon Cancer Cell Electromanipulation and Assessment Based on Their Electrical Properties

This study proposes a feasible approach for the rapid, sensitive, and label-free identification of cancerous cells based on dielectrophoretic (DEP) manipulation and electrical characterization. In this method, the concentration of target cells at the level of customized microelectrodes via DEP is first determined, followed by an electrical impedance evaluation. The study demonstrates the capacity of the methodology to electrically differentiate HT-29 cancer cells from healthy blood cells based on their impedance spectra. Within a higher frequency domain, the electrical impedance of trapped cancer cells was significantly lower compared with the normal ones. In order to evaluate the functionality and reproducibility of the proposed method, the influence of the DEP and EIS (electrical impedance spectroscopy) operating voltages on the electrical characterization of trapped HT-29 cells was analyzed.
Harmonic measure in the presence of a spectral gap

We study harmonic measure in finite graphs with an emphasis on expanders, that is, positive spectral gap. It is shown that if the spectral gap is positive then for all sets that are not too large the harmonic measure from a uniform starting point is not more than a constant factor of the uniform measure on the set. For large sets there is a tight logarithmic correction factor. We also show that positive spectral gap does not allow for a fixed proportion of the harmonic measure of sets to be supported on small subsets, in contrast to the situation in Euclidean space. The results are quantitative as a function of the spectral gap, and apply also when the spectral gap decays to 0 as the size of the graph grows to infinity. As an application we consider a model of diffusion limited aggregation, or DLA, on finite graphs, obtaining upper bounds on the growth rate of the aggregate.
Research on Internet Corporate Social Responsibility Evaluation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

— At present, China's Internet industry has a low level of social responsibility performance, and the social responsibility evaluation index system for Internet corporates has not been established. From the perspective of stakeholders in the Internet industry, this paper uses analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation index system of social responsibility for the Internet industry, which contains nine dimensions and 25 sub-indexes. Based on the established evaluation index system, ten listed Internet companies such as Alibaba and Tencent were selected to evaluate their social responsibility performance and compared. The results show that there is a big gap in the performance of Internet corporate social responsibility, and the performance of Internet giants is better.