Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared beamline SINBAD at DAFNE: expected performance at the sample site

SINBAD, the infrared beamline which extracts radiation from the DA(Phi) NE collider of the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, will be operating in the fall of 1999. The optical layout of SINBAD, fully designed by ray tracing simulation, includes six mirrors which transfer and focus the radiation to an interferometer placed more than 20 m from the source. The actual brilliance gain at the entrance of the interferometer has been accurately evaluated by simulating the expected aberrations, the mirror roughness, and diffraction effects.
Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated unfolded protein response is an integral part of singlet oxygen signaling in plants.

Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is a by-product of photosynthesis which triggers a signaling pathway leading to stress acclimation or to cell death. By analyzing gene expressions in a 1 O2 -overproducing Arabidopsis mutant (ch1) under different light regimes, we show here that the 1 O2 signaling pathway involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). ch1 plants in low light exhibited a moderate activation of UPR genes, in particular bZIP60, and low concentrations of the UPR-inducer tunicamycin enhanced tolerance to photooxidative stress, together suggesting a role for UPR in plant acclimation to low 1 O2 levels. Exposure of ch1 to high light stress ultimately leading to cell death resulted in a marked upregulation of the two UPR branches (bZIP60/IRE1 and bZIP28/bZIP17). Accordingly, mutational suppression of bZIP60 and bZIP28 increased plant phototolerance, and a strong UPR activation by high tunicamycin concentrations promoted high-light-induced cell death. Conversely, light acclimation of ch1 to 1 O2 stress put a limitation in the high light-induced expression of UPR genes, except for the gene encoding the BIP3 chaperone which was selectively up-regulated. BIP3 deletion enhanced Arabidopsis photosensitivity while plants treated with a chemical chaperone exhibited enhanced phototolerance. In conclusion, 1 O2 induces the ER-mediated UPR response that fulfills a dual role in high light stress: a moderate UPR, with selective induction of BIP3, is part of the acclimatory response to 1 O2 , and a strong activation of the whole UPR is associated with cell death.
Using Adaptive Zero-Knowledge Authentication Protocol in VANET Automotive Network

One of the most important components of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is the automotive self-organizing VANET network (vehicular ad hoc network). Its nodes are vehicles with specialized onboard units (OBU) installed on them. Such a network can be subject to various attacks. To reduce the effectiveness of a number of attacks on the VANET, it is advisable to use authentication protocols. Well-known authentication protocols support a security policy with full trust in roadside unit (RSU) base stations. The disadvantage of these authentication protocols is the ability of the RSU to track the route of the vehicle. This leads to a violation of the privacy and anonymity of the vehicle’s owner. To eliminate this drawback, the article proposes an adaptive authentication protocol. An advantage of this protocol is the provision of high imitation resistance without using symmetric and asymmetric ciphers. This result has been achieved by using a zero-knowledge authentication protocol. A scheme for adapting the protocol parameters depending on the intensity of the user’s traffic has been developed for the proposed protocol. The scientific novelty of this solution is to reduce time spent on authentication without changing the protocol execution algorithm by reducing the number of modular exponentiation operations when calculating true and “distorted” digests of the prover and verifying the correctness of responses, as well as by reducing the number of responses. Authentication, as before, takes place in one round without changing the bit depth of the modulus used in the protocol. To evaluate the effectiveness of the adaptive authentication protocol, the VANET model was implemented using NS-2. The obtained research results have shown that the adaptation of the authentication protocol in conditions of increased density of vehicles on the road makes it possible to increase the volume of data exchange between OBU and RSU by reducing the level of confidentiality. In addition, a mechanism for verifying the authority of the vehicle’s owner for provided services has been developed. As a result of the implementation of this mechanism, vehicle registration sites (VRS) calculate the public key of the vehicle without using encryption and provide necessary services to the owner.
Stackelberg Game for Secure CR-NOMA Networks Against Internal Eavesdropper

The combination of Cognitive Radio with Nonorthogonal Multiple Access (CR-NOMA) has enormous potential interest to improve spectral efficiency and increase system capacity in future wireless communication networks. Hence, according to the broadcast nature of the CR-NOMA wireless channel, handling the confidentiality of information is one of the most important requirements of the network. In this paper, Physical Layer Security (PLS) against internal Eavesdropper (Eve) is investigated by the CR-NOMA under the limitations of joint delay and confidentiality rate. First, initial power allocation for Secondary User (SU) based on the Primary User (PU) interference threshold is constructed. Then, a multi-objective problem based on different SUs demands is formulated based on Stackelberg game modeling. After that, the Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE) is studied and explored. At the final stage, an overall algorithm has been proposed whereby SE strategies are frequently updated to find the best parameters for the proposed system model. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed scheme in achieving a higher average utility function, spectral efficiency, fairness index, up to 44%, 90%, and 54.7%, respectively, and reliability compared to the conventional scheme.
On Derivations of Basic Governing Equations for Solid Bodies in Bi-spherical Coordinate System

Traditionally solid mechanics problems are formulated in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate system. Using such formulation and coordinate system, solutions of solid mechanics problems are obtained for specific geometries such as straight boundary, circular, cylindrical and spherical boundaries. However, such available coordinate system cannot describe many geometries in spherical or cylindrical coordinate system with inclusion of eccentricities, two spherical or cylindrical bodies in contact and parallel. In this article, author address this issue by giving complete original formulations and derivations of basic governing partial differential equations in Bi-spherical coordinate system. Bi-spherical coordinate system allow us to solve problems such as eccentric spheres, two parallel spheres (intersecting or non-intersecting) in solid mechanics which traditional spherical coordinate system cannot handle. Author develop the original equations in Bi-spherical coordinates in terms of useful quantities of stresses and strains components in three dimensions. The paper is limited to basic formulations and practical applications of such formulations can easily be expanded for getting solutions using any known analytical or numerical methods.
Dual-band terahertz metamaterials based on nested split ring resonators

Two dual-band terahertz metamaterials based on nested split ring resonators (SRRs) were designed and fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate. Each nested SRR structure composed of two electric field coupled resonators exhibited two transmission minimums, which inherently come from the LC resonances of the respective SRRs. The primary and secondary resonance frequencies can be individually fine-tuned by adjusting the geometry of the respective resonator. The fabricated devices exhibited very low insertion loss of 3 dB in the transmission band and the high attenuation of 27 dB in the stop band.
The 2022 International Society for Hip Preservation (ISHA) physiotherapy agreement on assessment and treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS): an international consensus statement

ABSTRACT The 2022 International Society of Hip Preservation (ISHA) physiotherapy agreement on assessment and treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) was intended to present a physiotherapy consensus on the assessment and surgical and non-surgical physiotherapy management of patients with GTPS. The panel consisted of 15 physiotherapists and eight orthopaedic surgeons. Currently, there is a lack of high-quality literature supporting non-operative and operative physiotherapy management. Therefore, a group of physiotherapists who specialize in the treatment of non-arthritic hip pathology created this consensus statement regarding physiotherapy management of GTPS. The consensus was conducted using a modified Delphi technique to guide physiotherapy-related decisions according to the current knowledge and expertise regarding the following: (i) evaluation of GTPS, (ii) non-surgical physiotherapy management, (iii) use of corticosteroids and orthobiologics and (iv) surgical indications and post-operative physiotherapy management.
Point Prevalence of Complementary or Alternative Medicine Use among Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) describes products/practices outside conventional medical care. CAM may be used to support or replace conventional/prescribed therapies. The aim of this study was to determine patterns of CAM use among children attending a tertiary care hospital in New Zealand (NZ) and measure parental opinion about CAM. Methods: Prospective survey-based study among children and their parents attending inpatient and outpatient clinical areas. Surveys collected demographic and health variables, current CAM use, and parental opinions on CAM. Results: Of the 236 children participating: 41% female, mean age 6.8 years (SD5), 76 (32%) with a chronic illness. CAM was used by 132 (56%) children, the most common being: oral supplements, body manipulation methods, or holistic practices. CAM use was associated with lower child health rating (p = 0.001), Māori ethnicity (p = 0.03), parent education level (p = 0.002), and family member CAM use (p < 0.001). Opinion survey results revealed CAM use was most strongly related to doctors recommending CAM, information on CAM, and CAM cost. There was a 31% CAM disclosure rate to the child’s medical team. Conclusions: This study highlights cultural differences in CAM use not previously reported among children in NZ. Parental opinion regarding CAM influences use for their child and disclosure rates.
Large area full-field optical coherence tomography using white light source

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technology for high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of 3D structures. Not only could OCT extract the internal features of an object, but it could acquire the 3D profile of an object as well. Hence it has huge potentials for industrial applications. Owing to non-scanning along the X-Y axis, full-field OCT could be the simplest and most economic imaging system, especially for applications where the speed is critical. For an OCT system, the performance and cost basically depends on the light source being used. The broader the source bandwidth, the finer of the depth resolution that could be reached; the more power of the source, the better signal-to-noise ratio and the deeper of penetration the system achieves. A typical SLD (Superluminescent Diode) light source has a bandwidth of 15 nm and 10 mW optical power at a price around $6,000. However, a Halogen bulb having 50W power and 200nm bandwidth only costs less than $10. The design and implementation of a large-area, full-field OCT system using Halogen white-light source is described in the paper. The experimental results obtained from 3D shaping and multiple-layer tomographies are also presented.
3D printing shape memory polymer of laminated multi-component metamaterial towards optimization of auxetic and shape recovery behaviors

With the development of multifunctional metamaterials, auxetic shape memory metamaterials have attracted extensive attentions. However, the combination of material property into structural metamaterial has not been fully understand. In this study, a 3D printing laminated multi-component metamaterial has been manufactured using the viscoelastic and elastic shape memory polymers (SMPs), to achieve a tailorable release rate of strain energy for optimization of auxetic and shape recovery behaviors. A synergistic effect of laminated structure arrangement and cell radius has been identified as the driving force to achieve the auxetic behavior (for metamaterial), high storage strain energy (for yielding strength) and release rate (for shape recovery behavior). Finally, the auxetic, yielding, and shape recovery behaviors have been experimentally tested, to verify the effectiveness of the finite element method results. And a good agreement between them has been achieved. This study is expected to provide a design guideline for auxetic and shape recovery behaviors of laminated multi-component SMP metamaterial.
A New Approach to Robust and Non-Fragile Control of Uncertain T-S Fuzzy Systems with Interval Time-Delay

This paper describes the synthesis of robust and non-fragile state feedback controllers for T-S fuzzy system with time-varying delay in a range and parameter uncertainties. A new method is proposed by de¯ning new Lyapunov functionals and introducing some free-weighting matrices. Impr oved delay-dependent results are presented.
Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants

In this study, we analyzed 27 pharmaceuticals in liquid and solid phase samples collected from the unit processes of four different sewage treatment plants (STPs) to evaluate their distribution and behavior of the pharmaceuticals. The examination of the relative distributions of various categories of pharmaceuticals in the influent showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most dominant. While the relative distribution of antibiotics in the influent was not high (i.e., 3%–5%), it increased to 14%–30% in the effluent. In the four STPs, the mass load of the target pharmaceuticals was reduced by 88%–95% mainly in the biological treatment process, whereas the ratio of pharmaceuticals in waste sludge to those in the influent (w/w) was only 2%. In all the STPs, the removal efficiencies for the stimulant caffeine, NSAIDs (acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid), and the antibiotic cefradine were high; they were removed mainly by biological processes. Certain compounds, such as the NSAID ketoprofen, contrast agent iopromide, lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, showed varying removal efficiencies depending on the contribution of biodegradation and sludge sorption. In addition, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed to compare the pharmaceutical removal efficiencies of the biological treatment processes in the four STPs, which were a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Among the biological processes, the removal efficiency was in the order of MBR > SBR > A2O > MBBR. Among the tertiary treatment processes investigated, powdered activated carbon showed the highest removal efficiency of 18%–63% for gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, atenolol, cimetidine, and trimethoprim.
Dark spot formation mechanism in organic light emitting diodes

The authors report electroluminescence degradation in organic light emitting diode operated at a high current density of 500mA∕cm2 under nitrogen ambient. The turn-on voltage increased from 6to10V, and a number of dark spots were produced when the device was operated for 420min. Microscope image showed that dark spots are related to many protrusions and hollows formed on Al electrode. X-ray diffraction and scanning photoemission microscope spectra indicate that the Joule heat from high electric field induced the crystallization of 4′-bis[N-(1-naphtyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl, forming dark spots via peeling off of the Al cathode.
Mechanics of bimaterial interface : Shear deformable split bilayer beam theory and fracture

A novel split beam model is introduced to account for the local effects at the crack tip of bi-material interface by modeling a bi-layer composite beam as two separate shear deformable beams bonded perfectly along their interface. In comparisons with analytical two-dimensional continuum solutions and finite element analysis, better agreements are achieved for the present model, which is capable of capturing the local deformation at the crack tip in contrast to the conventional composite beam theory. New solutions of two important issues of cracked beams, i.e., local buckling and interface fracture, are then presented based on the proposed split bi-layer shear deformable beam model. Local buckling load of a delaminated beam considering the root rotation at the delamination tip is first obtained. By considering the root rotation at the crack tip, the buckling load is lower than the existing solution neglecting the local deformation at the delamination tip. New expressions of energy release rate and stress intensity factor considering the transverse shear effect are obtained by the solution of local deformation based on the novel split beam model, of which several new terms associated with the transverse shear force are present, and they represent an improved solution compared to the one from the classical beam model. Two specimens are analysed with the present model, and the corresponding refined fracture parameters are provided, which are in better agreement with finite element analysis compared to the available classical solutions.
A correlation-based approach for determining the threshold value of singular value decomposition filtering for potential field data denoising

We present a correlation coefficient analysis (CCA) method for obtaining threshold when using singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering method to reduce noise in potential field data. Before computation of correlation coefficients, SVD is performed on the gridded potential field data with the purpose of obtaining singular values of the data. A sliding window is utilized to truncate the acquired singular values, which allows us to obtain different singular value sequences. The lower limit of the sliding window is generally set to zero and the upper limit of the sliding window is the threshold. Then, we calculate and plot the correlation coefficients associated with the initial sequence and the newly obtained sequences, choosing the inflection point of the plotted correlation coefficients as the threshold. The CCA method offers a quantitative way to determine a threshold, which can be easily implemented by a computer program. We illustrate the method using synthetic datasets and field data from a metallic deposit area in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The results show that the proposed method is effective and is able to provide an optimal threshold.
High-order azimuthal spatial modes of concentric-circle-grating surface-emitting semiconductor lasers

We report the emission properties of concentric-circle-grating, surface-emitting (CCGSE), distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers oscillating in single high-order azimuthal spatial modes. The evolution of the spatial profile of the beam emitted by such lasers with increasing excitation depends upon the spatial gain distribution and the depth of the circular waveguide grating. The polarization of the high-order spatial modes is predominantly radial.
HIV treatment response among female sex workers participating in a treatment as prevention demonstration project in Cotonou, Benin

Objectives Female sex workers (FSWs) play a key role in HIV transmission in West Africa, while they have limited access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). In line with UNAIDS recommendations extending ART to all HIV-infected individuals, we conducted this demonstration project on immediate treatment as prevention (TasP) among FSWs in Cotonou, Benin. We report data on treatment response and its relation to adherence, as well as on ART-resistant genotypes. Methods Complete follow-up varied between 12 and 24 months. At each three-monthly visit, a questionnaire was administered, clinical examinations were carried out and blood samples collected. Adherence to treatment was estimated by self-report. Viral RNA was genotyped at baseline and final visits for drug resistance. Generalized estimating equations for repeated measures with a log-binomial link were used to analyze time trends and the association between adherence and virological response to treatment. Results One-hundred-seven HIV-positive and ART-naive FSWs were enrolled; 59.8% remained in the cohort till study completion and 62.6% had a final visit. Viral load<1000 (below quantification limit [<50]) was attained in 73.1% (64.6%) of participants at month-6, 84.8% (71.2%) at month-12, and 80.9% (65.1%) at the final visit. The proportion of women with suppressed (below quantification limit) viral load increased with increasing self-reported adherence (p = 0.06 (0.003), tests for trend). The proportion of participants with CD4≤500 also decreased drastically throughout follow-up (p < .0001). Twelve participants exhibited ART-resistant genotypes at baseline, but only two at their final visit. Conclusion Our findings indicate that TasP is widely accepted among FSWs in Cotonou and could be implemented with relative success. However, due to mobility in this population, follow-up was sub-optimal, suggesting that large geographical coverage of FSW-friendly clinics is needed for sustained treatment implementation. We also fell short of the UNAIDS objective of 90% viral suppression among treated patients, underlining the need for better adherence support programs.
Velocity fluctuations near an interface between a turbulent region and a stably stratified layer

Velocity fluctuations are calculated near an interface between a turbulent region and a stably stratified layer, and in the absence of mean shear. Based on the observation that the energy dissipation rate is finite in the turbulent region, a linear theory is constructed to match the given Eulerian (not Lagrangian) spectra of the turbulence in the turbulent region to the wave motion in the stable layer. The theory shows that eddies with frequency of the same order as the buoyancy frequency N of the stratified layer are least affected by the stratification. The mean square vertical velocity $\overline{\omega^2}\rightarrow 0$ when N → ∞, while ω2 is greatest at the interface when NLH/uH ≈ 2 uH and LH are respectively the velocity scale and longitudinal integral scale in the interior of the turbulent layer. In the stratified layer, since waves with frequency ω > N decay rapidly with distance z from the interface, the high-frequency parts of the spectra fall-off sharply, a striking feature of the atmospheric measurements of Caughey & Palmer (1979). In this inviscid model waves with frequency ω < N propagate in the stratified region without decay. The vertical integral scale Lx(w) is found to vary significantly with N, reaching a maximum at the interface when. NLH/uH ≈ 1. The wave energy flux (Fw) is a maximum when NLH/uH ≈ 6, a value frequently observed in the atmosphere. In the limit of large stratification (N → ∞), the theory shows that the effect of the stable layer on the turbulent region is the same as that of a rigid surface moving with the flow at the same mean velocity (i.e. the solution of Hunt & Graham 1978). Then. Fw → 0 and, at the interface, Lx(w) → 0. In the limit of small stratification (N → O) the vertical motion in the turbulent region decreases in intensity near the interface and irrotational motions are induced in the slightly stable layer (i.e. the same result as Phillips 1955).