Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light-Emitting Diode Light Quality Influences Germination and Sprout Characteristics of Motherwort

Motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt) is an important medicinal plant known for its excellent antioxidant properties. Nonetheless, in South Korea, its availability remains limited due to the challenge of low seed germination rates, affecting field production. To tackle this problem, it is imperative to focus on controlled production methods. In our study, we conducted experiments in a laboratory setting, employing various combinations of light-emitting diode (LED) lights to cultivate motherwort. The influence of LED light quality on seed germination, initial growth, and functionality of motherwort is evaluated. The germination rate of motherwort ranged from 36.1 ± 7.35% to 75.0 ± 1.60%, and the highest value was observed in the red LED 100% treatment. The mean shoot length also varied depending on LED light quality. The longest shoot length (3.45 ± 0.13 g) was obtained in the red LED 100% treatment. The highest shoot weight (0.266 ± 0.011 cm) and root weight (0.051 ± 0.008 cm) were obtained in the red LED 70% and blue LED 30% mixed treatment. The total phenolic content of the motherwort sprout ranged from 2.50 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g to 3.01 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g, with the highest value from the white LED (control) treatment, but no significant differences were observed among the treatments. The red LED 30% and blue LED 70% mixed treatment showed the highest total flavonoid content (11.62 ± 0.79 mg QE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (57.64 ± 2.95%). The red LED 70% and blue LED 30% mixed treatment had a similar level of DPPH scavenging activity as the control, and there was no positive or negative effect on the functionality of motherwort sprout. Overall, the results suggest that the red LED 70% and blue LED 30% mixed treatment can be effectively used to increase productivity in motherwort without decreasing its important quality.
Development of seasonal pack ice in the Beaufort Sea during the winter of 1991–1992: A view from below

Subsea sonars moored in the Beaufort Sea acquired a spatial section of draft across 941 km of sea ice during the winter of 1991–1992. These observations document the development of seasonal sea ice from an open sea surface in October to an average accumulation exceeding 2.5 m draft by early April. Initially, level ice occupied 85% of the profile, but continued ridging reduced this fraction to 50% in late winter. Three modes of level ice were tracked: that of seasonal ice whose growth was initiated at freeze-up, and two others created during openings of the ice field in January and in March. The growth of these modes can be closely matched by calculations based on a slab model of ice formation forced using surface meteorological data. Initially, ridge keels were small and widely spaced. By midwinter, an exponential dependence of keel frequency on draft was obvious (e-folding scale, 2.16 m), and the frequency and mean draft of keels had stabilized. The maximum keel draft was a modest 17.4 m. The low incidence of deep keels at all times is a statistically significant departure from the exponential dependence valid at lesser drafts. The truncation point of the exponential relation is related to the draft of the thinnest level ice present. In late winter, the formation of deeper keels from thick first-year ice was apparently precluded by the presence of younger, thinner ice, which limited the force available for ridge building. Through calculation of the seaward transport of ice over the sonars, the total production of ice in the coastal flaw lead during 1991–1992 was determined to be about 60% of earlier indirect estimates. In general, the observations revealed winter ice conditions significantly less severe than those found on the periphery of the polar pack only a few tens of kilometers to the north, but more so than conditions in a marginal first-year ice zone at the same latitude in Davis Strait.
A field experiment over wheat with ground-based microwave radiometer

A field experiment was performed in winter wheat farmland at Baoding (Hebei province, China) from 13 Feb. 2009 to 19 Feb. 2009. In the experiment, brightness temperature of 8 channels (6.925GHz, 10.65GHz, 18.7GHz and 36.5GHz, horizontal and vertical polarization of each frequency), soil moisture, land surface temperature, snow character, and sublayer temperature are measured. The original purpose of the experiment is to character the drought monitoring ability of the microwave radiometer's channels. But during the experiment, there is a small snowfall process. So we got the radiometry characteristic corresponding with 4 statement of soil: wet soil, dry soil, frozen soil and snow covered soil (dry snow cover and wet snow cover). We do the analysis of all of the former cases. We also do the comparison of satelliteborne radiometer (AMSR-E) and the ground-based radiometer that we got using the 7days-measurement.The trend of the 2 measurement fit well.
Gravitational circulation and its response to the variation in river discharge in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

[1] In this study gravitational circulation and its response to the variation in river discharge have been investigated in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Monthly hydrographic surveys have been conducted from 2002 to 2006 in Hiuchi-Nada, a basin located between two straits. Horizontal salinity gradients along the channel varied as the 9/10 power of the river discharge into one end of the basin. Significant volume fluxes which were proportional to the horizontal salinity gradients were found. The relationship between river discharge (R m3 s−1) and the volume flux (Q m3 s−1) was represented as Q = 13.9R0. 88. When river discharge increased, vertical density gradients were intensified and then along-channel horizontal density gradients were gradually enhanced due to vertical mixing at the western strait. These gradients drove gravitational circulations along the channel. The gravitational circulations were not uniform across the channel and accompanied by horizontal circulations. In the northern part of the basin, low-salinity water at the eastern end of the basin was directed toward the west and high-salinity water was directed toward the east. The eastward flows arising from the intrusion of relatively heavy water at the western strait extended from the bottom to the surface. In the southern part, low-salinity water was directed toward the west. The westward flows arising from the intrusion of relatively light water at the eastern strait concentrated in the middle layer and formed a plume-like structure, accompanied by the eastward flow under the plume. These situations were responsible for the development of the bulk exchange flux.
The spatial ecology of the Guina (Oncifelis guigna) in Southern Chile

This thesis describes the diet, activity, home range and habitat utilisation of guina (Oncifelis guigna) within two populations located inside regions of minimal anthropogenic disturbance in southern Chile. Fieldwork was comprised of several components: guina captured in live traps were fitted with radio collars and monitored on foot using standard radiotelemetry techniques; landcover maps were created for each study area from satellite data, aerial photography and ground truthing, and the relative abundance and diversity of potential small mammal prey were assessed by means of grid-based live-trapping studies and tree-mounted hair-traps. The behavioural data obtained from the radiotelemetry study were analysed using RANGES V to assess the area requirements of the guina and to determine how the home ranges and movements of individuals were distributed with respect to those of conspecifics. This data was also investigated with reference to the landcover maps generated for each site to identify habitat categories that were preferentially utilised or avoided by guina. The diet of this species was determined via faecal analysis. The composition of the guina diet within each site was then related to small mammal relative abundances determined in the field. Small mammals, particularly rodents represented the major component of the guina diet, and no evidence of prey selection was determined. Trapping surveys indicated both sites had abundant prey resources in the form of relatively dense rodent populations. Radiocollared guina were largely arrhythmic in their activity pattern and neighbouring individuals within both populations showed a high degree of spatial overlap, both within and between sexes. Core use areas also overlapped extensively, and no evidence was found to indicate that guina actively avoid conspecifics. These cats exhibited a consistent preference for relatively dense, thicket-forest habitat over less complexly structured vegetation, including stands of Nothofagus forest, the habitat category previously assumed to be key for this species. The results of this study are discussed within the context of conservation management for the continued survival of this endangered felid.
Potencial antioxidante, antimicrobiano, anti-inflamatória e antifúngica da Anacardium occidentale (Linn): Revisão de literatura

Introdução: as flores, folhas, cascas, frutas e nozes de A. occidentale são ricas emcompostos fenólicos e flavonoides, seu alto potencial anti-inflamatório e antioxidanteoferece proteção às células. A pseudofruta e a casca de A. occidentale têmpolifenóis, principalmente taninos, que agem como antibióticos naturais. Objetivo:o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o potencial antioxidante,antimicrobiano, anti-inflamatório e antifúngico do Anacardium occidentale L.Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que pesquisa asbases de dados: ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Google Scholar (Google) e Redalyc(Scholarly Scientific Information System Redalyc), de julho a agosto de 2022. Osartigos passaram por um processo seletivo para a eliminação de duplicatas utilizandoMendeley Desktop e, em seguida, pelo software livre Rayyan QCRI, lidosna íntegra e os principais dados analisados e coletados após a Avaliação Crítica doEvidencer do Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. Dez itens foram selecionados,seguindo o desenho temporal. Resultados: quatro artigos falavam sobreatividade antioxidante, sete sobre atividade antimicrobiana, um sobre atividadeanti-inflamatória e antifúngica, alguns artigos relatam mais de um potencial terapêutico. Conclusão: estudos mostraram que o Anacardium occidentale tem potencialmedicinal, principalmente no uso de folhas, casca e goma, e pode atuar comoum inibidor de sítios inflamatórios, espécies bacterianas como Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus. Além de promover a ação antioxidante devido à presença deflavonoides, taninos, polifenóis e vitamina C.
Cirrus climatological results from lidar measurements at OHP (44°N, 6°E)

A climatology of cirrus clouds over the Observatoire de Haute Provence in France has been constructed from the analysis of ground‐based lidar measurements taken from 1997 to 1999. During this period the high‐resolution Rayleigh/Mie lidar collected 384 nights of measurements and cirrus profiles are observed in about half of these cases. We find subvisible cirrus (tau < 0.03) constitute ∼20% of cirrus cloud occurrences and that the mean thickness of a subvisible cirrus cloud layer is less than 1 km. A discussion of the error associated with these determinations is also presented.
On the difference in the seasonal cycle of rainfall over India in the Community Climate System Model (CCSM2) and Community Atmospheric Model (CAM2)

The Community Climate System Model (CCSM2) provides a realistic simulation of seasonal cycle of rainfall over India. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM2), which is the atmospheric component of CCSM2, when forced with observed monthly mean SST, does not simulate accurately the seasonal cycle of rainfall over India. This unusual behaviour is investigated by using a diagnostic model. The rainfall simulated by both CCSM2 and CAM2 is much higher than observed for a value of given vertical integrated water vapor (Pwat). The main difference between the two models is the seasonal variation of Pwat. Pwat in CAM2 is larger than CCSM2 in the month of May over India. This is on account of the advection of air with high Pwat from Arabian Sea to Indian region. In CCSM2, Pwat is not high because the simulated SST in the Arabian sea in CCSM2 is 2°C lower than observed. Hence the combined effect of lower Pwat and a steeper gradient in the Pwat‐rainfall relationship cause the simulation of seasonal cycle of rainfall in CCSM2 to be realistic.
Neural Preset for Color Style Transfer - Supplemental

Here we analyze (1) how to derive our training constraints from the fundamental color style transfer objective and (2) why performing color mapping via the proposed DNCM is necessary for our training strategy. Consider the objective of color style transfer. Given an input image Ic and a style image Is that have different content and color styles, we aim to learn a model H to transfer the color style of Is to Ic by minimizing the objective:
Estimation of Soil Erosion Rates and Eroded Sediment in a Degraded Catchment of the Siwalik Hills, Nepal

The Siwalik Hills is one of the most fragile and vulnerable ecosystems in the Nepalese Himalaya where soil erosion and land degradation issues are fundamental. There is very limited knowledge on soil erosion processes and rates in this region in comparison to other regions of the Himalaya. The aims of the present paper are to document, measure and interpret key soil erosion processes and provide an estimate of erosion rates in the Khajuri Stream catchment located in the eastern Siwalik Hills. We used erosion pins to monitor sheet erosion, gully erosion, landslides and stream bank erosion over the period from 2002 to 2004. Sheet erosion from forest and shrubs generally varied from 0.8–1.2 mm·yr −1 with a mean erosion rate of ~16 t·ha −1 ·yr −1 . Gully erosion rate was estimated to be ~14 t·ha −1 ·yr −1 . Erosion from landslides was significantly higher which was estimated to be ~26 t·ha −1 ·yr −1 . Stream bank erosion varied widely from 0.03 to 0.25 m·yr −1 with a mean erosion rate of ~8 t·ha −1 ·yr −1 . Based on these rates, it was estimated that ~21,000 m 3 (64 t·ha −1 ) of sediment was being eroded within the catchment annually. In comparison to the erosion rates of other regions of the Himalaya these rates are significantly higher.
Effects of built environment on metro ridership at a microscopic scale: a case study of Xi’an, China

ABSTRACT Few studies have examined the relationship at the microscopic spatial scale. In this study, multiple sources of data including mobile phone signal data, automatic fare collection system data, geo-information data, and street-view image data are combined to measure metro ridership and built environment at the plot or block scale. The Random Gradient Boosting Decision Tree was used to explore relationship between the built environment and ridership. The results show the following: (1) the relationship between built environment and ridership shows different types of curves. (2) The path distance to the metro station and the visual perception of road space have more significant impacts on ridership than road network density. (3) The location of the grid also affects grid-level metro ridership. The results suggest that planners should consider the locational factors, pay attention to the different effective thresholds of different variables on ridership and the longitudinal landscaping of non-motorized urban roads.
Monitoring the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2: Measurements from the NOAA Global Air Sampling Network

The stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 is being monitored via measurements made at the University of Colorado-Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, using air samples collected weekly by the Global Air Sampling Network of the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory. These measurements, in concert with the monitoring of atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios, offer the potential to characterize quantitatively the mechanisms operating in the global carbon cycle, by recording the isotopic signatures imparted to CO2 as it moves among the atmosphere, biosphere, and oceans. This data set increases the number of measurements of atmospheric CO2 isotopes by nearly an order of magnitude over those previously available. We describe the analytical techniques used to obtain and calibrate these data and report measurements from 25 land-based sites, and two ships in the Pacific Ocean, from samples collected during 1990–1993. The typical precision of our mass spectrometric technique is 0.03‰ for δ13C and 0.05‰ for δ18O. Collecting the flask samples without drying leads to loss of δ18O information at many sites. The seasonal cycle in δ13C at sites in the northern hemisphere is highly correlated with that of the CO2 mixing ratio, with amplitudes approaching 1‰ at high latitudes. The seasonal cycle in δ18O is of similar amplitude, though variable from year to year and lags the other species by 2–4 months. Interhemispheric differences of the 1992 and 1993 means of the isotopic tracers are in strong contrast: the north pole-south pole difference for δ13C is −0.20‰, which though highly quantitatively significant is dwarfed by the −2‰ difference for δ18O. In contrast to the record of atmospheric δ13C during the 1980s we observe no significant temporal trend in annual mean δ13C during 1990–1993.
Apogeotropic Posterior Semicircular Canal BPPV—A Case Series from South Rajasthan

Apogeotropic variant of posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (apo-PSC-BPPV) is a rare peripheral vestibular disorder, characterized by paroxysms of positionally triggered dizzy spells associated with non-positional disequilibrium. It is diagnosed by observing characteristic diagnostic oculomotor responses (torsional downbeating positional nystagmus) during positional testing (Dix-Hallpike and enhanced straight head hanging tests), in conjunction with a response to physical therapy. Much rarer anterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (ASC-BPPV) elicits identical oculomotor responses during positional testing. Propter hoc, response to physical therapy at short-term follow-up is crucial in distinguishing the apo-PSC-BPPV from ASC-BPPV. We are presenting a case series of seven patients of apo-PSC-BPPV (of which three were bilaterally affected), who attended our otoneurology center, between February 1, 2023, and July 31, 2023. Demographic profile, clinical course, and physical therapy with responses at short-term follow-up at 1 hour and after 24 hours are discussed.
Emerging Research Advancements to Overcome the Peach Spring Frost

The phenomena of global warming has led to an increase in the average air temperature in temperate climates. Springtime frost damage is becoming more common, and after a period of dormancy, damage to buds, blooms, and developing fruits is greater significant than damage from low winter temperatures. Peaches are a crucial crop among moderate fruits. Spring frost damage in peaches can have a negative effect on crop growth, yield, and quality. It is noteworthy that these plants have evolved defenses against spring frost damage while being exposed to a variety of low temperatures in the early spring. In this current review, recent research advancements on spring frost damage avoidance in peaches were deliberated. Additionally, adaptive mechanisms of peach, such as deacclimation and reacclimation, were emphasized. Moreover, the emerging advancements using various omics approaches revealed the peach physiology and molecular mechanisms comprehensively. Furthermore, the use of chemical products and understanding the spring frost mechanisms through the use of environmental chamber temperature stimulation and infrared thermography studies were also discussed. This review is essential groundwork and paves the way to derive and design future research for agronomists and horticulturalists to overcome the challenges of spring frost damage avoidance and crop management in these circumstances.
Design and Construction of a Fully Submerged Hydrofoil Drone Boat

A remotely operated hydrofoil watercraft was designed and built as a test platform for active electromechanical controls as applied to fully submerged hydrofoils in a form just small and lightweight enough to be tested safely without a human physically at the controls. The goal was to build a watercraft sufficiently large and scalable enough that results obtained from it could be realistically applied to personal hydrofoil vehicles without the danger of a human in the vessel during testing. The project also explores roll dynamics while not on foil. The vessel was built to a length of 1.53 meters with 0.34-meter masts with servo controlled forward foil and aft flippers. The hull is constructed from lightweight 1/8in plywood with a fiberglass and epoxy composite skin. The foils and masts were 3D printed at low density and skinned with fiberglass. These structures have mechanically performed well, surviving both the hydrodynamic forces and repeated crashes. The foils were designed such that the craft would reach foiling speeds at zero degrees pitch at 4 m/s at a mass of 13.1 kg distributed 70% to the aft foil and 30% to the forward foil. The final weight was 14.1 kg. Working towards digital control, the watercraft is equipped with two ultrasonic sensors for height sensing, with room for expansion, and an inertial measurement unit.
Progress and prospects in flexible tactile sensors

Flexible tactile sensors have the advantages of large deformation detection, high fault tolerance, and excellent conformability, which enable conformal integration onto the complex surface of human skin for long-term bio-signal monitoring. The breakthrough of flexible tactile sensors rather than conventional tactile sensors greatly expanded application scenarios. Flexible tactile sensors are applied in fields including not only intelligent wearable devices for gaming but also electronic skins, disease diagnosis devices, health monitoring devices, intelligent neck pillows, and intelligent massage devices in the medical field; intelligent bracelets and metaverse gloves in the consumer field; as well as even brain–computer interfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an overview of the current technological level and future development of flexible tactile sensors to ease and expedite their deployment and to make the critical transition from the laboratory to the market. This paper discusses the materials and preparation technologies of flexible tactile sensors, summarizing various applications in human signal monitoring, robotic tactile sensing, and human–machine interaction. Finally, the current challenges on flexible tactile sensors are also briefly discussed, providing some prospects for future directions.