Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION AND MAINTAINANCE MANAGEMENT OF STEEL STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO CORROSION

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new method to predict the failure of steel structures subjected to fatigue and corrosion. A model is developed to determine changes in S-N curve of beams (i.e., intact plates) and connections subjected to simultaneous corrosion and fatigue environment. The fatigue damages of beams and connections are then modelled as stochastic processes. The first-passage probability method is used to determine the time-dependent probability of fatigue failure of plates and connections, and then system reliability analysis is carried out for a steel structure as a working example. It has been found that ignoring corrosion effect on S-N curves for beams and connections can lead to underestimation of fatigue life of corroded steel structures. It has also been found that corroded connections can be more vulnerable to fatigue failure than beams. Apart from that, a risk cost optimisation programme is applied to the working example to find the maintenance strategies that ensure the safe operation of steel structures and intend to minimise the total risk. The methodology proposed in this paper can help structural engineers and asset managers on repair and maintenance of steel structures subjected to simultaneous corrosion and fatigue.
MEMPREDIKSIKAN TURNOVER PADA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN GARMEN: Pengaruh Praktek Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Organisasi

This study examined variables that predict employee turnover intentions. Influence of trust in the organization as a mediator variable in this relationship was also examined. Questionnaires completed by 380 employees of the company's operating divisions garment. Hierarchical regression analysis used to test this relationship. The results was supported the hypothesis, the result states that in order to enhance the trust of employees in the organization and to reduce turnover intentions, garment companies needs to maintain the continuity and development of training programs, conduct a formal and fair appraisal system , provide a clear and adequate career progression for employees. Suggestions and limitations for future research are also given.
The Effects of Attenuation on the Born Reconstruction Procedure for Microwave Diffraction Tomography (Short Paper)

The effects of attenuation on the Born inversion process for diffraction tomography are investigated. The exact forward scattered fields for a Iossy dielectric cylinder in a Iossy medium are calculated and are then used to reconstruct an image of the scattering object. As accurate image is produced only when the cylinder acts as a small perturbation on the dielectric constant of the external medium. Results indicate that even small losses have a significant effect on the resolution of the image. It is possible, however, to eliminate image distortion by matching the loss tangent of the outside medium to that within the cylinder.
Design and characterization of a low cost mems IMU cluster for precision navigation

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A LOW COST MEMS IMU CLUSTER FOR PRECISION NAVIGATION Daniel R. Greenheck, B.Sc. Marquette University, 2015 The fast paced development of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology in recent years has resulted in the availability of low cost gyroscopes and accelerometers in commercial markets. These sensors can be integrated into a single device known as an inertial measurement unit (IMU). An IMU is capable of tracking and navigating a vehicle for a short period of time in the absence of external position and attitude updates. The precision of the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate commercial MEMS sensors as well as their mechanical nature result in noise and errors that limit their performance. It has been mathematically shown that combining many MEMS sensors into a single device results in improved performance characteristics which are unattainable using a single MEMS sensor. The primary aim of this thesis is to design and validate the performance of a prototype IMU composed of a cluster of individual MEMS IMUs. The secondary aim of this thesis is to derive and validate a set of computationally inexpensive coning and sculling algorithms to mitigate dead-reckoning errors resulting from high frequency motion of the vehicle.
Supporting Real-Time ${T}$-Queries on Network Traffic with a Cloud-Based Offloading Model

Traffic measurement provides fundamental statistics for network management functions. To implement the measurement modules on the data plane for real-time query response, modern sketches are designed to work with limited on-die memory allocation from network processors and collect traffic statistics in epochs of a preset length. To handle real-time queries at arbitrary times over traffic in a preceding period ${T}$ (called ${T}$-queries), the prior art sets the epoch length to ${T \over n}$ and keeps the measurement results in a window of $n - 1$ past epochs to support approximate ${T}$-queries. Such an approach however drastically increases the memory cost or decreases the accuracy in the query results if the memory allocation is fixed. In this paper, motivated by the concept of offloading in today's edge-cloud computing, we propose a collaborative edge-center traffic measurement model, where the traffic measurement modules at all network devices form the edge, which offloads the traffic measurement results to a measurement center possibly hosted in a datacenter. The center synthesizes the measurements from the past epochs and sends the aggregate results back to the measurement modules to support T-queries. We conduct experiments using real traffic traces to evaluate the performance of the proposed edge-center measurement model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed designs significantly outperform the prior art.
La fiscalidad como expresión del tipo de Estado

En medio de la pandemia, y frente a las incertidumbres del futuro, el Marco Fiscal de Mediano Plazo, elaborado por el Ministerio de Hacienda para el período 2021-2031, muestra que la crisis no ha llevado al gobierno a replantear el tipo de Estado. Colombia seguiría con una intervención pública muy débil. Además de mostrar la inconveniencia de continuar con un Estado raquítico, el artículo pone en tela de juicio el modelo de proyección basado en el equilibrio estacionario. A partir de esta lógica estrecha se termina concluyendo, de manera equivocada, que el crecimiento inmediato de la economía colombiana será en forma V.
Éducation de la petite enfance

L'éducation de la petite enfance (EPE) constitue un investissement pour la santé et le bien-être immédiats des jeunes enfants ainsi que pour leur apprentissage et développement ultérieurs. S'agissant de prendre des décisions en matière de programmation, les planificateurs doivent être conscients des résultats à long terme des programmes d'EPE, des pratiques d'EPE qui sont largement encouragées et des différentes possibilités offertes par les programmes d'EPE en établissement ou dans la communauté. Il faut également avoir conscience de la nécessité de mobiliser des ressources pour financer les services d'EPE et de la planification qui entre en jeu pour la coordination, la promotion et le suivi des services d'EPE.
Alternative Policy in Managing Sustainable Genetic Resources of Local Beef Cattle for National Livestock Breeding System

Various efforts have been done by the government to enhance the productivity and population of beef cattle in Indonesia. One of the programs that have been carried out for a long time is crossbreeding using artificial insemination method with frozen semen known as AI program. Not less than 10 breeds of imported beef cattle have been introduced . However, the cross breeding is not followed by a clear breeding program, thus if it is not straightened out it will have negative impacts on the quality of the breed. In fact, due to the decentralization euphoria several regions established their own Artificial Insemination station (AIS). Providing there is no clear breeding program carried out, there will be a decrease in the livestock productivity, such as the increase of inbreeding . Several alternatives in managing sustainable genetic resources of local beef cattle (for examples, Bali cattle, Madura cattle, Ongole cross breed, and Sumba Ongole) are: (1) The broadening of grass field through the integrated concept of plant and livestock and livestock "transmigration" ; (2) the alteration of regulations regarding the authority of the central government related to the quality of livestock genetic, the conservation of local cattle areas, and the authority of the National Germ plasm Commission; (3) Revitalization of the role of seed stock Institutes, reviving ranching ; and (4) The importance of cross breeding impacts on productivity and its economic contribution . Key words: Beefcattle, breeding system, alternative of policy
Using precipitation sensitivity to temperature to adjust projected global runoff

Climate change affects the water cycle. Despite the improved accuracy of simulations of historical temperature, precipitation and runoff in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the uncertainty of the future sensitivity of global runoff to temperature remains large. Here, we identify a statistical relationship at the global scale between the sensitivity of precipitation to temperature change (1979–2014) and the sensitivity of runoff to temperature change (2015–2100). We use this relation to constrain future runoff sensitivity estimates. Our statistical relationship only slightly reduces the uncertainty range of future runoff sensitivities (order 10% reduction). However, more importantly, it raises the expected global runoff sensitivity to background global warming by 36%–104% compared to estimates taken directly from the CMIP6 model ensemble. The constrained sensitivities also indicate a shift towards globally more wet conditions and less dry conditions.
allodb: An R package for biomass estimation at globally distributed extratropical forest plots

Allometric equations for calculation of tree above‐ground biomass (AGB) form the basis for estimates of forest carbon storage and exchange with the atmosphere. While standard models exist to calculate forest biomass across the tropics, we lack a standardized tool for computing AGB across boreal and temperate regions that comprise the global extratropics. Here we present an integrated R package, allodb, containing systematically selected published allometric equations and proposed functions to compute AGB. The data component of the package is based on 701 woody species identified at 24 large Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) forest dynamics plots representing a wide diversity of extratropical forests. A total of 570 parsed allometric equations to estimate individual tree biomass were retrieved, checked and combined using a weighting function designed to ensure optimal equation selection over the full tree size range with smooth transitions across equations. The equation dataset can be customized with built‐in functions that subset the original dataset and add new equations. Although equations were curated based on a limited set of forest communities and number of species, this resource is appropriate for large portions of the global extratropics and can easily be expanded to cover novel forest types.
Design Optimization Procedure for Amorphous Core Distribution Transformers

The paper presents a design optimization procedure appropriate for distribution transformers with amorphous alloy cores. Several considerations and the main differences from the design practice of conventional transformers are presented and discussed in detail. Moreover, comparison of results present the significant benefit in the transformer energy efficiency by the selection of amorphous alloy core, despite its initial higher installation cost.
Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Refractive Index Multi-Channel Sensor for Multi-Analyte Sensing

In this work, we propose a simple yet highly sensitive multi-channel hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractive index (RI) sensor for detecting multiple analytes. The target analytes and the plasmonic materials, such as, gold (Au), Au with Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta2O5) and Au with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) are employed around the exterior of the sensor for the feasibility of the operation. Twelve circular air-holes in two layers constitute the fiber structure which makes the fabrication process easy and realizable. Numerical investigations are carried out employing a full-vector finite element method (FEM) to obtain the sensing performance of the PCF-SPR structure. After optimizing the structural parameters, the sensor achieves maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 38100 and 21600 nm/RIU, for channels-1 and -2, respectively. For channel-3, the sensor achieves a maximum WS of 45800 nm/RIU. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed sensor achieves better performance in terms of wavelength sensitivity, wavelength resolution, amplitude sensitivity, amplitude resolution, figure of merit, etc., compared to the existing literature. In the case of cancerous cell detection, the proposed sensor achieves maximum WS and amplitude sensitivity of 12000 nm/RIU and −2440.30 RIU−1, respectively, for HeLa cells. We envisage that the proposed sensor has a high potential to detect unknown RI for different chemical and biomedical applications due to its superior performance, simple design, and multi-analyte detection ability.
Case Studies on Institutional Open Approaches: The Open University

Interpreting openness has been part of The Open University’s mission since its foundation in 1969. As a distance teaching university it has always developed extensive educational resources for its students and occasionally for a wider audience but the emergence of open educational resources (OER) has challenged the ways in which it both develops and uses such teaching materials, in particular an over-reliance on in-house authoring and embedded third party materials and income from sales and licensing of such content. As educational resources are integral to the university’s teaching and business model a large scale, institution-wide, action research project aligned to University strategic objectives was established to examine the potential impact of OER in those models (with funding support from a US Foundation). Extensive research and evaluation activities plus widespread staff acceptance and experience in the use of OER in various parts of their work has enabled a gradual bottom-up adoption and planned top-down embedding of OER and other aspects of openness into most facets of University work after five years, including a defined open media policy.
Uniformly redundant arrays

A recent development in coded aperture imaging removed the basic limitation on the quality of the reconstructed images when a correlation analysis is used. A pattern of holes for the aperture was designed that has an autocorrelation that is perfectly flat. The pattern is referred to as a uniformly redundant array (URA) and combines the high-transmission characteristics of the random arrays and Fresnel zone plate with the flat sidelobe advantage of the nonredundant pinhole array. An analysis procedure was developed (balanced correlation) that, when combined with the URA, gives a system point-spread function which is exactly a delta function. Computer simulations were used to demonstrate that, with random arrays, the balanced correlation is able to improve the reconstructed images by orders of magnitude. Additional orders of magnitude improvement are possible if the URA pattern is used. 6 figures.
Managing the human-software environment

A software development team is characterised by a human-software environment (HSE) model, which captures the individual characteristics of the participants in a project such as their professional and specialisation skills and knowledge. The paper presents some practical applications of the HSE model for human resource management (HRM) activities in support of the software development process (SDP). We show how managing the human-software environment facilitates the determination of available and required human resources with respect to the project task(s) and finds an optimal allocation of human resources in the context of economic constraints and customer requirements, etc. The proposed approach is based on mathematical modelling. Illustrative examples are presented.
Speed Oscillations of a Vehicle Rolling on a Wavy Road

Every driver knows that his car is slowing down or accelerating when driving up or down, respectively. The same happens on uneven roads with plastic wave deformations, e.g., in front of traffic lights or on nonpaved desert roads. This paper investigates the resulting travel speed oscillations of a quarter car model rolling in contact on a sinusoidal and stochastic road surface. The nonlinear equations of motion of the vehicle road system leads to ill-conditioned differential-algebraic equations. They are solved introducing polar coordinates into the sinusoidal road model. Numerical simulations show the Sommerfeld effect, in which the vehicle becomes stuck before the resonance speed, exhibiting limit cycles of oscillating acceleration and speed, which bifurcate from one-periodic limit cycle to one that is double periodic. Analytical approximations are derived by means of nonlinear Fourier expansions. Extensions to more realistic road models by means of noise perturbation show limit flows as bundles of nonperiodic trajectories with periodic side limits. Vehicles with higher degrees of freedom become stuck before the first speed resonance, as well as in between further resonance speeds with strong vertical vibrations and longitudinal speed oscillations. They need more power supply in order to overcome the resonance peak. For small damping, the speeds after resonance are unstable. They migrate to lower or supercritical speeds of operation. Stability in mean is investigated.
A 5 Gb/s transceiver in 0.13 (cid:22) m CMOS for PCIE2.0 (cid:3)

: This paper presents a CML transceiver for a PCI-express generation 2 physical layer protocol that has been fabricated by SMIC’s 0.13 (cid:22) m CMOS technology. The active area of the transceiver is 0.016 mm 2 and it consumes a total of 150 mW power at a 1.2 V supply voltage. The transmitter uses two stage pre-emphasis circuits with active inductors, reducing inter-symbol interference and extended bandwidth ； the receiver uses a time-domain adaptive equalizer, the circuit uses an inductive peaking technique and extends the bandwidth, and the use of active inductors reduces the circuit area and power consumption effectively. The measurement results show that this circuit could stably transmit the signal at the data rate of 5 Gbps, the output signal swing of the transmitter is 350 mV with jitter of 14 ps, the eye opening of the receiver is 135 mV and the eye width is 0.56 UI. The circuit performance sufficiently meets the requirements of the PCI-Express 2.0 protocol.
An instantaneous detecting approach of harmonic voltage for the series active power filter

In this paper, based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, an instantaneous detecting approach of harmonic voltage is proposed. It is discussed both theoretically and experimentally that the harmonic voltage can be obtained in real-time through detecting load voltage. The distinguishing points of the presented approach are its fast response and accuracy. It is convenient to implement by using analog multipliers, dividers and operational amplifiers. The experiment results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed approach, and it can be used for active power filters to compensate power system harmonics.
Weighted least-squares design of variable 1-D FIR filters with arbitrary magnitude responses

Variable digital filters with variable cut-off frequencies can be designed by frequency transformation methods. Such methods are simple, but they are not applicable to the design of variable fitters with arbitrarily variable frequency responses. This paper proposes an efficient method for designing variable 1-D FIR digital filters with arbitrarily variable magnitude characteristics with linear phase. First, each coefficient of the variable FIR filter is assumed to be a m dimensional (M-D) polynomial of the spectral parameters that specify different variable magnitude characteristics. Then a least-squares algorithm is presented for finding the optimal polynomial coefficients by minimizing the weighted squared error between the desired and the actual variable frequency response. The proposed approach can be easily extended for designing variable FIR filters with nonlinear phase.
Contemporary service course students: Who are they?

It’s unusual for a physics course to have large enrolment increases in recent years. However, in The Physical Basis of Biological Systems - a service course for students with interests in the biomedical and life sciences - total annual enrolment has more than doubled over the period 2000 – 2005. At the same time there has been a surge of academic interest in biology and biological physics (note the recent cover story of Physics Today by Goldstein, Nelson and Powers (2005)). This could have contributed to increasing student numbers, and could mean a different type of student is enrolling in physics. Changing academic advice to students, and changing requirements to enter some in-demand degrees, may also be affecting enrolments. In this environment, with the increasing diversity of students at university a common theme, the aim to provide appropriate learning experiences prompts the question: ‘Who are these students? ’ This is important because as Sharma, Mills, Mendez and Pollard ((ed) 2005) note, In order to teach more effectively, we need to have a clear understanding of who our students are, what motivates them to study physics, … their backgrounds and … their plans. This study investigates the composition of the audience for this course and how the students are coping, in order to inform future course development. The course is offered at first-year level. It consists of lectures (delivered to hundreds of students), small-group tutorials and laboratory activities, with support from a course website. It is offered twice per year, with some variation in course material according to the different student audiences expected historically. Major client groups have been students aiming to enter Medicine and Dentistry (in Semester I), and those enrolled in Human Movement Studies (Semester II). Findings reported below draw on several sources of information - enrolment data, student surveys, and assessment results over recent years. Student types have been investigated according to their ambitions for university coursework and future careers, background - outside exposure to physics, cultural influences, including gender, and their hopes and expectations for the course.
Water treeing in XLPE

Water treeing in underground HV power cables initiates in all solid dielectric materials from sites of high electrical stress such as rough interfaces, protruding conductive points, voids or imbedded contaminants. Water treeing is characterized by: (1) foundation of moisture or water is essential for the water growth; (2) water treeing can grow in the underground cables for years before reaching a size where it may contribute to breakdown; (3)the applied voltage required for water treeing initiation is much lower than that required for the development of electrical trees, and (4) the growth of water trees is accelerated under frequency, no water trees generate under DC voltage. It was reported that at frequencies from 6 kHZ to 10 kHZ trees could be grown in less than 30 days which would normally have required years to grow under service conditions.