Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wave‐driven equatorial annual oscillation induced and modulated by the solar cycle

Our 3‐D model for the solar cycle (SC) effect on the QBO (H. G. Mayr et al., The QBO as potential amplifier of solar cycle influence, submitted to Geophysical Research Letters, 2005, hereinafter referred to as Mayr et al., submitted manuscript, 2005) produces a hemispherically symmetric 12‐month Annual Oscillation (AO) in the zonal winds, which is largely confined to low latitudes. This Equatorial Annual Oscillation (EAO) is generated through nonlinear interaction between the dominant anti‐symmetric AO and the anti‐symmetric component of the SC response. Due to wave‐mean‐flow interaction from small‐scale gravity waves (GW), the SC‐modulated EAO is amplified and propagates down through the stratosphere as does the QBO. The amplitude of the EAO is relatively small, but its SC modulation is large and is in phase with that of the QBO. Although the EAO is concentrated at low latitudes, prominent signatures appear in the polar regions where the SC produces measurable temperature variations. At lower altitudes, the GW‐driven downward propagation of the EAO affects the phase of the annual cycle and causes the SC effect to be different in the two hemispheres.
Commentary: Riddim Me This, Riddim Me That

In ‘‘Riddims of the Street, Beach and Bureaucracy: Situating Geographical Research in Jamaica,’’ Paul Kingsbury and Thomas Klak have opened an ambitious effort to find a new way to think about our engagement with ‘the field. ’ This effort is marked by two important moments, the idea of the ‘plateau’ as a site of situated researcher-researched interaction, and thinking about the ways in which a consideration of ‘whiteness,’ as thought through the critical geographic literature, might serve to decenter the researcher. If there is a regret I have about this paper, it is that the authors did not go as far as they might have to link these two moments into the important methodological critique for which I think they have opened a path. That is to say, the experience of moving through various plateaus as presented through the authors’ ‘riddims’ serves to highlight the relational character of one’s identity as a researcher, and as such serves to decenter this otherwise nonrelational identity and the politics that go along with it. Kingsbury’s and Klak’s (≤≠≠∑, ≤∑≤) presentation of the plateau as ‘‘a local space that regularly exhibits a distinctive combination of social forces’’ might, at first glance, seem unremarkable. Indeed, this definition seems quite similar to Doreen Massey’s (∞ΩΩ∂, ∞≤≠) definition of place as: particular moments in . social relations, nets of which have over time been constructed, laid down, interacted with one another, decayed and renewed. Some of these relations will be, as it were, contained within the place; others will stretch beyond it, tying any particular locality into wider relations and processes.
Maximum Power Tracking for Centralized Temperature Difference Power Generation System Based on Elman Neural Network Combined With Improved Sparrow Search

Since the thermoelectric generation (TEG) sheets will be placed in places with different temperature gradients, it leads to multiple peaks in the duty-power (D-P) characteristic curve of a centralized TEG system under non-uniform temperature distribution (NTD). For this reason, this paper proposes an ENN-ISSA control algorithm, which combines the Elman neural network (ENN) with the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) by adding firefly perturbation. The ENN obtains the centralized TEG system’s single-input and single-output fitting curves, after which the firefly perturbation is introduced into the SSA algorithm. Then the improved SSA algorithm is used to realize the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control based on the fitted curves. Based on building a centralized TEG system Simulink model and analyzing the output characteristics of the TEG module, temperature constancy experiments, temperature change experiments, and accuracy analysis were conducted. The results of these simulation experiments all show that the algorithm can track the global maximum power point (GMPP) quickly and accurately in the duty-power (D-P) curve with multiple peaks compared with the perturbation observation method and particle swarm algorithm.
Configurational entropy of critical earthquake populations

We present an approach to describe the evolution of distributed seismicity by configurational entropy. We demonstrate the detection of phase transitions in the sense of a critical point phenomenon in a 2D site‐percolation model and in temporal and spatial vicinity to the 1992, M7.3 Landers earthquake in Southern California. Our findings support the assumption of intermittent criticality in the Earth's crust. We also address the potential usefulness of the method for earthquake catalogue declustering.
Consumers’ motivations to purchase green organic foods with special reference to the consumers in Dhaka City

Green organic food is manufactured with environment-friendly technology and has no negative effect on the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the motivators that influence Bangladeshi consumers' green organic foods purchasing behavior. Data were collected from 100 people using the convenience sampling technique. Questionnaires were employed as research instruments. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Microsoft Windows version 11 was used to analyze the data. The researcher carried out correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between the variables, as well as regression analysis to evaluate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. All of the factors, including peer influence, green advertising, environmental knowledge, and willingness to pay were found to be highly correlated with green purchasing behavior. Regression analysis revealed that environmental knowledge and willingness to pay have a significant role in the suggested model. Peer influence and green advertising have the lowest effect on consumers’ green purchasing behavior. The study's implication is that it allows companies to focus more on these motivators that motivate consumers to purchase green organic foods.
The Alboran domain in the western Mediterranean evolution: the birth of a concept

Since the early 70’s the majority of tectonic reconstructions of the western Mediterranean employ the Alboran domain notion as a migrating microcontinent or landmass mainly composed of Paleozoic-Triassic rocks affected by ‘Alpine’ HP-LT metamorphism. For nearly three decades, since the mid-80’s, the Alboran domain was considered as a fragment of the Alpine chain that moved westward, colliding into Iberia and North Africa to produce the Gibraltar arc and Betic-Rif chain. In 2012, a new hypothesis for the evolution of the western Mediterranean was presented in which the Betic-Rif orogenic chain originates from rollback of an initially SE-dipping subduction of the westernmost segments of the Ligurian-Tethys under the Africa margin. This interpretation considers the metamorphic ‘Alboran domain’ rocks as crustal successions of the hyper-extended African and Iberian continental margins, which have undergone a complete subduction-exhumation cycle above a NW- to W-retreating subduction. A key outcome of this hypothesis is that the Alboran domain is not a fragment of the Alpine chain but a consequence of rollback dynamics. In this contribution we try to elucidate the historical reasons behind the classical ‘Alpine’ interpretation of the Betic-Rif, by briefly describing key contributions, which appear linked in a logical sequence that traces the evolution of the Alboran domain concept since its original formulation by Andrieux and coauthors in 1971.
The Lake St. Martin bolide has a big impact on groundwater fluoride concentrations

The majority of residents of Manitoba (Canada) outside of the capital, Winnipeg, rely on groundwater for their drinking water. Between lakes Winnipeg and Winnipegosis, most aquifers occur in Paleozoic carbonate lithologies. Proximal to the town of Gypsumville, however, lithologies associated with the Lake St. Martin impact structure and younger basin-filling red bed and evaporite (gypsum/anhydrite) sedimentary rocks complicate the hydrology and hydrochemistry. Here, domestic wells have elevated salinities (up to 8000 mg/L total dissolved solids), elevated sulfate (up to 4000 mg/L), and elevated fluoride concentrations that are in excess of health limits (F − up to 15.2 mg/L, with 20% over 1.5 mg/L). Groundwaters with elevated fluoride occur exclusively within the impact structure. The impact melt rocks and younger red beds consistently have the highest fluoride abundances, up to 2160 ppm. Groundwater pH values are alkaline, ranging up to 10.7, with highest groundwater pH from wells in the impact melt rocks. The spatial associations of impact melt rocks and red beds with elevated fluoride, strong positive correlations between fluoride and pH, sodium, chloride, sulfate, boron and lithium, greater Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 concentrations of the host rocks, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) all indicate that fluoride concentrations in groundwaters are enhanced as a result of anion exchange wherein OH − and \(CO_{3}^{2{-}}\) displace F − adsorbed onto Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxide surfaces. Thus, the elevated fluoride contents of groundwaters at Gypsumville are a consequence of the composition of the impact melt rocks and enhanced permeability and grain-size reduction produced by bolide impact.
Delayed onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon in CMIP6 can be linked to the cold bias over the Tibetan Plateau

Most global circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulate a delayed onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon of 3–6 pentads when compared with the observations. However, a clear explanation of this model bias has yet to be developed. This study indicates that 23 of the 31 of CMIP6 models generate both the Tibetan Plateau (TP) cold bias and the delayed monsoon onset across tropical Asia. The aloft TP cold air temperature associated with these models tends to reduce the land–sea thermal contrast and monsoon circulation, and hence it generates a delayed onset for the tropical summer monsoon. Two sensitivity experiments based on a coupled ocean–atmosphere–land GCM, together with additional data analysis, further confirm the underlying connection between monsoon onset and temperature anomaly over the TP. Therefore, it is of great importance that we attempt to reduce the model bias associated with the simulation of monsoon onset by improving the physical process parameterization scheme related to the TP temperatures.
Upper mantle structure of the southwest Pacific from regional waveform inversion

We determine the upper mantle seismological structure of the southwest Pacific by inverting complete regional seismograms recorded by the Southwest Pacific Seismic Experiment, a deployment of 12 broadband seismographs in the Fiji, Tonga, and Niue islands. We first present a method to invert entire seismic waveforms for a laterally homogeneous velocity structure. Partial derivatives are computed using an efficient reflectivity code for differential seismograms [Randall, 1994], and a conjugate gradient method is used to perform the nonlinear inversion. Band pass-filtered (10–55 mHz) vertical and radial component seismograms, extending from the P arrival to the surface waves, are used to constrain the structure. Waveforms are selected to provide regional distance (400–1500 km) propagation paths predominantly within one of the tectonic regions of the southwest Pacific. Source depths ranging from 10 to 240 km allow the deeper regions of the model to be resolved with relatively short path lengths. Results show extremely large lateral variability in the upper mantle structure of the southwest Pacific. The inactive South Fiji Basin shows upper mantle velocities much lower than those previously observed for the Pacific lithosphere of a similar age. The North Fiji and Lau Basins, containing active back arc spreading systems, show upper mantle shear velocities as slow as 3.8 km s−1. The exceptionally low seismic velocities in the active back arc regions may represent the slowest upper mantle velocities in the world. The velocity difference between the active back arc basins and the old Pacific lithosphere immediately east of the Tonga Trench is maximum at 30–90 km depth, with a variation of ∼18%, indicating partial melting in this depth range. Velocity heterogeneity of >4% extends to a depth of 170 km. Velocity structure below 220 km depth is poorly resolved, but there is some evidence of a 2% difference extending to depths of 350 km.
Curative Intent Radiation for Anal Cancer in Pelvic Kidney Transplant: A Case Report With an Eight-Year Follow-Up

The incidence of malignancies seen after solid organ transplant is increasing, and oncologists are seeing more patients with transplanted organs. In this case report, we present how pelvic radiotherapy can be safely administered in a patient with a transplanted kidney by conducting a comprehensive chart review and analyzing the dosimetry in the radiotherapy planning software Eclipse. A 52-year-old female patient received a kidney transplant in 2002 and was diagnosed 11 years later with a cT3 N0 M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. She was offered radical radiation therapy with 45 Gy in 25 fractions using a volumetric modulated arc therapy plan to the pelvic lymph nodes and tumor followed by a 9-Gy boost to the anal tumor alone using a three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy plan with concurrent 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin chemotherapy for a total dose of 54 Gy. The right external iliac and inguinal lymph nodes coverage was compromised to decrease the solitary pelvic kidney dose in addition to creating a 1-cm planning risk volume around the kidney and using half-beam blocks. Her pelvic kidney only received a mean dose of 6.68 Gy. Eight years later, the patient continues to be cancer-free, as evident with a recent sigmoidoscopy in 2021 and a physical examination in 2022. Her creatinine started to rise one year post-treatment, but age of the transplanted kidney is likely the cause of kidney failure.
Timing and style of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Glacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for the existence of two Late Pleistocene major glacial advances in the Queer Shan, northern Hengduan Mountains in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance dating results reveal that the two glacial advances occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in MIS 2, respectively. Geomorphic evidence shows that the glacial advance during MIS 3 was more extensive than that in MIS 2. This glacial advance is synchronous with other glaciated areas in the Himalaya and Tibet, but contrasts with global ice volumes that reached their maximum extent during the LGM. Glaciers in the Queer Shan are of the summer accumulation type and are mainly fed by precipitation from the south Asian monsoon. Palaeoclimate proxies show that during MIS 3 the south Asian monsoon strengthened and extended further north into the Tibetan Plateau to supply more precipitation as snow at high altitudes. This in turn led to positive glacier mass balances and caused glaciers to advance. However, during the LGM, despite cooler temperature than in MIS 3, the weakened south Asian monsoon and the associated reduced precipitation were not as favourable for glacier expansion as in MIS 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochemical Properties and the Nature of Kaolin and Iron Oxides in Upland Oxisols and Ultisols under a Tropical Monsoonal Climate, Thailand

Fifty samples from genetic horizons of 17 soils on various parent materials under a tropical monsoonal climate in Thailand were analyzed for chemical and mineralogical properties of the clay-sized minerals. These Oxisols and Ultisols have kaolinite as the dominant clay mineral and various amounts of accessory minerals with higher amounts of sesquioxide minerals in Oxisols. The crystal size of kaolinite and iron oxides is smaller for basaltic soils relative to soils on granite and sedimentary rocks. Halloysite tubes occur in some soil clays particularly for basaltic soils and these soils also contain gibbsite. Oxisols derived from basalt have relatively higher contents of Fe, Ti, Mg, Mn, Ba, Be, Bi, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, La, Nd, Ni, Sc, Sr and Zn. Statistical analysis indicates a lithosequence where soil parent material is the main factor influencing the mineralogical and chemical properties of the clay fraction of these soils.
A Switching Delay Strategy for Sensorless Synchronous Rectification in CLLC Converters

Sensorless synchronous rectification (SR) is often used in CLLC converters to achieve higher efficiency without extra system cost. Conventionally, sensorless SR methods turn <sc>on</sc> secondary-side switches at the same instant as the primary side. In such conditions, secondary-side switches usually operate under hard turn-<sc>on</sc> conditions due to the existence of output capacitors <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{\text{oss}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. In this article, the mechanism of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{\text{oss}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> causing secondary-side hard switching under conventional sensorless SR is analyzed comprehensively. Actual operating process considering the effect of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{\text{oss}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is analyzed and modeled using the state trajectory method. To realize soft turn-<sc>on</sc> on the secondary side, a switching delay strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy delays the turn-<sc>on</sc> instant of secondary-side switches to help realize secondary-side zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions. A quantitative state trajectory model is also established for the proposed strategy, and a searching method for suitable switching delay time is also provided. With searched switching delay time, the proposed strategy can guarantee secondary-side ZVS condition for sensorless SR in full load range, improving efficiency. A lab-level prototype was built to verify the proposed switching delay strategy. The experimental results prove the correctness of the proposed state trajectory analysis and show that sensorless SR with the proposed switching delay strategy can achieve an obvious efficiency improvement (up to 3.61%) over conventional sensorless SR method in full load range, especially when the load is light.
Determination of the Angle of Shearing Resistance of Soils Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline

This article adopts Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) for prediction of Angle of Shearing Resistance(ϕ) of soil. MARS is an adaptive, non-parametric regression approach. Percentages of fine-grained (FG), coarse-grained (CG), liquid limit (LL), and bulk density (BD) have been used as input variables of MARS. The developed MARS gives an equation for prediction of ϕ of soil. The results of MARS have been compared with Genetic Expression Programming (GEP), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models. These results demonstrate that the developed MARS can be used as a robust model for determination of ϕ of soil.
Error estimation of 3D reconstruction from image sequences

3D object reconstruction from image sequences is an economic way to extract spatial information from observed scene. In a long period, people from remote sensing and photogrammetry fields interest the application of 3D reconstruction theory and technologies. However, for the application of 3D reconstruction in the field of photogrammetry, error estimation of the result must be fully demonstrated. In this paper, error propagation rules in 3D reconstruction process has deduced on the base of matrix analysis method, and a calculation method of covariance matrix is presented for estimate errors of elements of the reconstruction result, while the related factors' effects to the result are analyzed. In addition, experiments are introduced to demonstrate the error estimation for 3D reconstruction.
Inter-firm co-operation as a regional development potential?

Zusammenfassung: Unternehmenskooperationen als regionales Entwicklungspotential? Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Frage untersucht, ob Unternehmenskooperationen Potentiate zur Realisierung endogener Entwicklungsstrategien auch vor dem Hintergrund eines verscharften Wettbewerbs durch Globalisierung okonomischer Aktivitaten darstellen. Falls Kooperationen ein endogenes Potential in einer solchen Regionalentwicklungs strategie bilden, sollten die folgenden Bedingungen erfiillt sein: hohe Kooperationsneigung regionaler Unternehmen, eine breite Basis intraregionaler Kooperationen; keine einseitigen Abhangigkeiten zwischen den Kooperationspartnern; ein positiver Zusammenhang von Kooperationen mit dem Unternehmenserfolg; Ausiibung strategisch wichtiger Kooperationsfunktionen durch regionsansassige Partner. Diese Kriterien wurden in einer empirischen Studie zum Kooperationsverhalten im Maschinenbau, die in Unterund Mittelfranken (Nordbayern) durchgefiihrt wurde, untersucht. Der starken Dominanz kleiner Unternehmen im Unter suchungsgebiet entsprechend wurde die Darstellung auf Kooperationen kleiner Unternehmen mit ihren Abnehmern kon zentriert.
A re-analysis of electron spin resonance dating results associated with the Petralona hominid

Abstract Two electron spin resonance (ESR) dating studies of the late 1970s and early 1980s on speleothems associated with the Petralona hominid cranium yielded age estimates of 350–700 ka and 200 ka, respectively. These dating results are re-assessed in view of more than a decade of progress in ESR dating. The re-assessed values are in reasonable agreement with some independent U-series results on the same material, suggesting an age of 150–250 ka for the speleothems bracketing the cranium.
Centrum growth patterns provide evidence for two small taxa of Hiodontidae in the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation

Disarticulated centra recovered from the Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation (Cretaceous) are used to de- scribe hiodontid age, growth, and longevity. Previous studies of Cretaceous centrum morphology have shown only one morphotype. However, growth characteristics can be used to test the one-taxon hypothesis. Age and growth characteris- tics indicate that Cretaceous hiodontids were shorter-lived (i.e., 7 years) and significantly smaller than extant Hiodon. The fossil centra also exhibit two significantly different growth patterns. Initially it was predicted that two factors could explain the presence of the two growth patterns: (1) sexual size dimorphism, and (2) variation in centrum size from multiple species. Sexual size dimorphism did not produce the two growth patterns because (1) H. alosoides maximum total length is significantly correlated with temperature, and (2) the paleotemperature in the depositional environment fluctuated approximately 6 °C mean annual temperature resulting in continuous growth variation. Concerning the sec- ond factor, the coefficient of variation (CV) observed in the Cretaceous centrum size data (0.23 CV) is 22% greater than that of the two extant species of Hiodon combined (0.18 CV) suggesting that at least two species of hiodontids were present in the Dinosaur Park Formation. The distribution of sizes of the smaller Cretaceous centra is not different from one extant species but is significantly different from two species suggesting that three taxa were not present.