Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harvest Time and Yield of Traditional Rice Cultivars Based on N and P Fertilizer Management

Objectives of this study were to improving yield and shortening the crop duration of traditional rice cultivar by manipulating fertilization of N and P, and to find the genetic resources for breeding program. Fertilizer application as main plot viz. N1P1 = (50 kg N and 30 kg P2O5)ha -1 , N1P2 = (50 kg N and 60 kg P2O5) ha -1 , N2P1 = (75 kg N and 30 kg P2O5) ha -1 , N2P2 = (75 kg N and 60 kg P2O5) ha -1 , N3P1 = (100 kg N and 30 kg P2O5) ha -1 , N3P2 = (100 kg N and 60 kg P2O5) ha -1 and sub plot of traditional cultivars viz. Ase Andale, Brandi, Dusel, Luwung, Mayangsari, Solo and Ciherang (check) were test under split plot design with three replicates. Combined N-P fertilizer gave no effect to harvest time and yield of traditional rice cultivars. Ase Andale, Brandi, Dusel and Luwung cultivars obtained higher biomass than other cultivars which referred to the higher number of grain per panicle, dry weight, and grain weight per plant. Mayangsari and Solo cultivars had shorter harvest time and Luwung had a highest yield compared to Ciherang as check. Those cultivars were potential as rice genetic sources to be developed.
Gender and climate change ‘through other eyes’: Grassroots women’s responses to changing environments in southern Africa

abstract In this article we draw on the first-hand experience and close walk that the first author (Dorah Marema) has had implementing various projects over a 10-year period with GenderCC Southern Africa – Women for Climate Justice (GenderCCSA), a non-governmental organisation (NGO) working on the intersection between climate change and gender in South Africa. In particular, we examine how issues of vulnerability, agency and gender are used/misused and understood in the contexts of the period of the first author’s work with GenderCCSA. We first trace the shifts in the climate change narratives and discourse, examining how terms such as gender and vulnerability are used or misused, before presenting some of the initial assessments of how ‘transformational’ and ‘empowering’ the projects that were implemented have or have not been for the participants who were engaged in the projects. The article draws from three cases, illuminating the diverse roles, many of them related to leadership and agency, and actions that women are taking when faced with current and past climate risks. We interrogate the ‘northern gaze’ of climate issues and pay particular attention to what a ‘southern view’ may offer – is this different to ours, similar and why and what can we learn and gain from the perspectives and views on enhanced agency in the face of climate stresses and challenges? The role of funders in shaping the work that GenderCCSA has been involved in over the years and how has this support either enhanced or weakened women’s agency in climate change, is also interrogated. By illuminating the valuable experiences derived from the three climate action projects over a decade of effort and actions viewed through a gendered lens, we hope to enhance and add to the critical work that points to the need for a more nuanced appreciation of grassroots women’s experience and learnings in the Southern climate change experience.
THE LADINIAN FLORA FROM THE CASSINA BEDS (MERIDE LIMESTONE, MONTE SAN GIORGIO, SWITZERLAND): PRELIMINARY RESULTS

A newly opened excavation in the Cassina beds of the Lower Meride Limestone (Monte San Giorgio UNESCO WHL, Canton Ticino, Southern Alps) has yielded a small collection of Ladinian plant fossils, together with vertebrate (mostly fish) and invertebrate remains. The flora contains at least five species; conifer remains assignable to the genera Elatocladus , Voltzia and ? Pelourdea are the most common elements. A new species, Elatocladus cassinae n. sp. , is formally described. Co-occurring with the conifers are seed ferns (Ptilozamites) and a few putative cycadalean remains (? Taeniopteris ). Among the identified genera, only Voltzia has previously been reported from Monte San Giorgio. The fossils presented in this paper indicate that a diversified flora thrived in the region during the Ladinian. Floral composition and preservation patterns are suggestive of a taphonomically-biased record and a relatively far-away source area.
COMMUNITY-BASED MONITORING OF TOURISM RESOURCES AS A TOOL FOR SUPPORTING THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY TARGETS: A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT

Tourism can play a significant role in contributing to multiple Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Targets. Monitoring tourism resources and impacts is crucial in gauging the performance of tourism in support of the CBD Targets. Community-based monitoring (CBM) offers a viable solution to the concerns about costs and longevity of monitoring programmes, allowing for the continuation of monitoring plans on a lower budget while creating a venue for civic engagement and capacity building. This paper provides a preliminary global assessment and typology of CBM programmes with a focus on tourism resources (CBM-T). Twenty-nine CBM-T programmes with two primary monitoring approaches were identified based on an extensive literature review, including an infrastructure-based approach focusing on tourism facilities, and an ecosystem-based approach focusing on natural resources that support the tourism experience. These programmes are further differentiated by spatial scale, goals, biome, and resources, as illustrated by 10 representative programmes. Two case examples, one on trail monitoring in Taiwan and another on wildlife monitoring in Namibia, are used to illustrate design and implementation of each CBMT approach. Lessons learned, such as criteria for communities with potential for sustainable CBM-T programmes, are discussed.
The relative role of soil type and tree cover on water storage and transmission in northern headwater catchments

Soil water storage and stable isotopes dynamics were investigated in dominant soil–vegetation assemblages of a wet northern headwater catchment (3.2 km2) with limited seasonality in precipitation. We determined the relative influence of soil and vegetation cover on storage and transmission processes. Forested and non‐forested sites were compared, on poorly drained histosols in riparian zones and freely draining podzols on steeper hillslopes. Results showed that soil properties exert a much stronger influence than vegetation on water storage dynamics and fluxes, both at the plot and catchment scale. This is mainly linked to the overall energy‐limited climate, restricting evaporation, in conjunction with high soil water storage capacities. Threshold behaviour in runoff responses at the catchment scale was associated with differences in soil water storage and transmission dynamics of different hydropedological units. Linear input–output relationships occurred when runoff was generated predominantly from the permanently wet riparian histosols, which show only small dynamic storage changes. In contrast, nonlinear runoff generation was related to transient periods of high soil wetness on the hillslopes. During drier conditions, more marked differences in soil water dynamics related to vegetation properties emerged, in terms of evaporation and impacts on temporarily increasing dynamic storage potential. Overall, our results suggest that soil type and their influence on runoff generation are dominant over vegetation effects in wet, northern headwater catchments with low seasonality in precipitation. Potential increase of subsurface storage by tree cover (e.g. for flood management) will therefore be spatially distributed throughout the landscape and limited to rare and extreme dry conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Not All Patches Are Equal: Hierarchical Dataset Condensation for Single Image Super-Resolution

Although the performance of single image super-resolution (SR) has been significantly improved with deep neural networks, existing methods commonly require millions of iterations for training, which not only limits their training efficiency, but also causes considerable energy consumption. In this paper, we comprehensively study the redundancy of existing training datasets and reveal that not all patches are equal for SR network training. We observe that a large percentage of patches with low textures or similar textures lead to high computation costs but make low contributions to SR performance. Then, we propose a dataset condensation method to remove these redundant patches hierarchically. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our dataset condensation method can effectively reduce the redundancy of SR datasets with a 90% condensation rate on DIV2K. With our condensed dataset, baseline networks can achieve significant improvement in terms of training efficiency while maintaining competitive accuracy.
High-Resolution Imaging of Narrow Bone Fractures With a Novel Microwave Transceiver Sensor Utilizing Dual-Polarized RIS and SRR Array Antennas

In this study, a new transceiver system is presented for detecting the location and orientation of narrow bone fractures. The system comprises a multilayer patch resonator integrated with a reactive impedance surface as the transmitter and a three-element array of split-ring resonator (SRR) probes as the receiver. It operates at 2.45 GHz in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. Dielectric plano-concave lenses are used in the transmitter and receiver to improve impedance matching and adapt to the human body curvature. By using three adjacent SRR probes to divide the area being investigated into smaller sections, the system concentrates power in the fractured region, improving image resolution. The high capacitance of the split gap in the SRR probes allows for precise tracking of small changes. The system performs longitudinal and rotational raster scans to localize bone cracks and achieves an impressive resolution of 1 mm. The experimental measurements were conducted using a gelatin-based arm phantom and a real arm with various healthy and broken bones. The dual-polarized configuration of the system enables effectively detecting the orientation of fractures. The presence of fractures can be determined by comparing the power received from the three SRR probes. When the crack is parallel to the incident ${E}$ -field, the probe directly facing the crack receives more power than the adjacent probes. This power difference is significantly reduced in healthy bone and also when the incident wave is perpendicular to the crack. The results from both measurement and simulation support each other, validating the reliability of the proposed transceiver system.
Selection of neutral networks using q-rung neutrosophic vague soft set TOPSIS aggregating operator setting multi-criteria group decision making

The q-rung neutrosophic vague soft set (q-rung NVSS) is a generalization of the neutrosophic vague soft set (NVSS) and the vague soft set (VSS). The TOPSIS aggregated operation (AO) was used to discuss the q-rung NVSS. As an extension of VSS, the TOPSIS method effectively makes multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM). With a score function, the goal is to find a positive and negative ideal solution based on q-rung NVSS. Closeness values are determined by presenting optimal alternatives. We provide practical examples to support our conclusions. This results in the outcome of the models for which q is provided. Considering the validity and usefulness of the models under consideration can be achieved by comparing them with those that have been proposed. Recent discoveries have generated quite a bit of interest and fascination.
SYNTHESIS OF THREE COMPONENT (GO-CS/ZnO) NANOCOMPOSITE AND FORMULATION OFTHEIR NANO-OINTMENT FOR RAPID WOUND HEALING

: Implementation of nanotechnology with medicine offers extraordinary openings to synthesize materials at a nanoscale level. The healing of wound is still a demanding area for which an intelligent and efficient treatment is needed. Therefore the present findings have reported the significance of using GO-CS/ZnO based nanoointment on skin wound healing via in vivo investigations. The antibacterial activity of nanocomposite based nanoointment was evaluated by using gram positive Staphylococcus aureus MCCB 0227. The nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized by using X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM & FTIR. The therapeutic effect of ointments comprising GO–CS/ZnO nanocomposite with different formulations as NO1 (0.1% GO), NO2 (0.1% GO-ZnO), NO3 (0.1% GO-CS) and NO4 (0.1% GO-CS/ZnO) were evaluated in vivo after the creation of wound over the dorsum of mice. As compared to positive control group (treated with marketed formulation gentamicin sulphate 0.1%), NO4 (GO-CS/ZnO) has an efficient antibacterial activity and potential effect on wound dressing and wound care.
Enhanced thermo-optic effects in silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits via polymer claddings

Abstract. Silicon nitride (SiN) has been receiving increased attention for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) due to its ultra-low optical losses, phase stability, and broadband transparency. However, SiN waveguides have a low thermo-optic coefficient and exhibit weak electro-optic effects. For this reason, most foundry-processed SiN PICs remain passive or exhibit inefficient tuning. In this work, we investigate polymer claddings to enhance the thermo-optic phase shifting in foundry-processed low-loss, thin core SiN PICs. We first develop a thermal testing setup and measure the response of standard foundry SiN / SiO2 waveguides. By taking advantage of the differing TE and TM modal overlap with the SiN core and SiO2 cladding, we extract the LPCVD-SiN thermo-optic coefficient as dnSiN / dT = 2.57 × 10 − 5 / ° C at λ = 1550 nm and dnSiN / dT = 2.82 × 10 − 5 / ° C at λ = 780 nm. We next consider SiN waveguides in which the top SiO2 cladding is replaced with a spin-coated thermo-optic polymer. The thin waveguide core (tSiN = 150 to 220 nm) enables a weakly confined mode with a large overlap with the top polymer cladding. Measurements at λ = 780 nm wavelength show up to a 12-fold improvement in the thermo-optic phase shift of these polymer-cladded SiN waveguides compared with SiO2 cladded devices while inducing negligible excess loss. Finally, we show broadband Mach–Zehnder interferometer measurements demonstrating thermo-optic tuning at visible wavelengths. The simple spin-coat post-processing of foundry SiN PICs in this work offers a potential path toward efficient optical phase shifting in low-loss SiN waveguides over a broad wavelength range
Western municipal water conservation policy: The case of disaggregated demand

We investigate aspects of the felicity of both incentive‐based and command and control policies in effecting municipal water conservation goals. When demand can be disaggregated according to uses or users, our results suggest that policy efforts be focused on the submarket wherein demand is more elastic. Under plausible consumer parameters, a household production function approach to water utilization prescribes the nature of demand elasticities in alternative uses and squares nicely with empirical results from the literature. An empirical example illustrates. Overall, given data and other informational limitations, extant institutional structures, and in situ technology, our analysis suggests a predisposition for command and control policies over incentive‐based tools.
Regional Variations in Amharic

Between the two semesters of the Academic year 1968-69 a group of the teaching staff in the Department of Ethiopian Languages and Literature of Haile Selassie I University, under the sponsorship of the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in Eastern Africa, undertook the project of making a preliminary study of local variations in Amharic. The group was composed of four teams, each consisting of two members. Each team was assigned to one of the three provinces of Bagemadar, Gojjam, Wallo and to the district of Manz in the province of Sawa for a field-work of one week's duration. This article represents, more or less in their original forms, the reports of the studies made in Wallo, Manz and Gojjam. The results of the study made on the dialect of Bagemadar could not be included here because the team assigned to this province was not able to submit a report.
Stunting and Its Associated Factors among Children Below 5 Years Old on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: Evidence from the National Health and Morbidity Survey

Background Child malnutrition problems still occur in Malaysia, particularly stunting. This study aimed to determine the proportion of stunting among children below 5 years old and investigate the factors associated with stunting on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Methods This study utilised data from the 2016 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with malnutrition among non-stunted and stunted children. Results The proportion of stunting among children below 5 years old in this East Coast region was 26.2%. When divided by state, Kelantan had the highest proportion of stunting, followed by Pahang and Terengganu, at 28.8%, 26.2% and 23.4%, respectively. In this study, the factors associated with stunting were children aged 24 months old–59 months old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.83; P < 0.001), male children (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.76; P < 0.001), Orang Asli children (aOR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.86, 4.32; P < 0.001), children with low birth weight from 1,500 g to 2,499 g (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.55; P < 0.001) and children from households that practice unsanitary waste disposal (aOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.74; P = 0.001). Conclusion Stunting among children under the age of 5 years old on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia remains a public health problem. To reduce the prevalence of stunting in this region, intervention programmes should be intensified. Emphasis should be placed on public health programmes that target the associated factors, such as dietary habits, Orang Asli children, low birth weight and unsanitary waste disposal.
Self−Assembling Nanovaccine Fused with Flagellin Enhances Protective Effect against Foot−and−Mouth Disease Virus

Nanovaccines based on self−assembling nanoparticles (NPs) can show conformational epitopes of antigens and they have high immunogenicity. In addition, flagellin, as a biological immune enhancer, can be fused with an antigen to considerably enhance the immune effect of antigens. In improving the immunogenicity and stability of a foot−and−mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen, novel FMDV NP antigens were prepared by covalently coupling the VP1 protein and truncated flagellin containing only N−terminus D0 and D1 (N−terminal aa 1–99, nFLiC) with self−assembling NPs (i301). The results showed that the fusion proteins VP1−i301 and VP1−i301−nFLiC can assemble into NPs with high thermal tolerance and stability, obtain high cell uptake efficiency, and upregulate marker molecules and immune−stimulating cytokines in vitro. In addition, compared with monomeric VP1 antigen, high−level cytokines were stimulated with VP1−i301 and VP1−i301−nFLiC nanovaccines in guinea pigs, to provide clinical protection against viral infection comparable to an inactivated vaccine. This study provides new insight for the development of a novel FMD vaccine.
The Use of Practical Measures to Determine Body Composition of Older People

Background Older adults frequently experience body composition changes—decreased lean body mass (LBM) and bone mineral content (BMC), along with increased body fat mass (FM)—which affect their health and independence. However, the need for standard complex and costly imaging modalities could delay the detection of these changes and retard treatment effectiveness. Thus, this study explored the ability of practical measures, including simple muscle strength tests and demographic data, to determine the body composition of older adults. Methods Participants (n = 111, with an average age of 77 years old) were cross-sectionally assessed for the outcomes of the study, including upper limb loading during a seated push-up test (ULL-SPUT), hand grip (HG) strength test and body composition. Results The ULL-SPUT significantly correlated with body composition (r or rs, = 0.370–0.781; P < 0.05), particularly for female participants and was higher than that found for the HG strength test (rs = 0.340–0.614; P < 0.05). The ULL-SPUT and HG strength test, along with gender and body mass index (BMI), could accurately determine the LBM and BMC of the participants up to 82%. Conclusion The ULL-SPUT along with gender and BMI can be used as a practical strategy to detect the LBM and BMC of older adults in various settings. Such a strategy would facilitate timely managements (i.e. standard confirmation or appropriate interventions) in various settings.
A Smart-Contract-Based Policy-Domain Access Control Framework for Distributed Industrial IoT

Access control is critical for collaboration and resource sharing between nodes in the Industrial IoT (IIoT). Existing blockchain combined with access control frameworks cannot address privacy protection issues and dynamic authorization of distributed IIoT equipment. Policy-domain-based access control (PDAC) is an access control scheme with dynamic authorization, granularity, and distributed decision making in a distributed environment. It abstracts unidentified nodes in a distributed system as policy domains and uses the policy domain’s certificate authority to issue access rights. This article proposes a smart-contract-based PDAC (SC-PDAC) framework to address the above problems in distributed IIoT. The framework mainly uses smart contracts to write SigContracts, RequestContracts, DecisionContracts, and DelegationContracts with different levels of security access control for different types of resources. To demonstrate the feasibility of the framework, a local private blockchain was created using the Ethereum blockchain system to conduct scenario experiments. The threat model and features of the framework were also analyzed, concluding that the framework has new features of agentability and controllability. In addition, the costs of existing access control frameworks were compared. The results show that the framework proposed in this article has relatively low computational and gas costs and is more suitable for distributed IIoT.
Photonuclear Production of 67Cu From Gallium

Abstract Copper-67 is a radioisotope of interest for medical imaging and therapy as well as for understanding stellar and interstellar evolution pertaining to the formation of proton-rich nuclei. Since 67Cu decays 100% to 67Zn, understanding this reaction can shed light on the abundance of this and other p-nuclei elements in the universe. Here, the photonuclear production of 67Cu from 71Ga and natural gallium is examined as an alternative to its photoproduction from zinc. Two research and development production runs were performed at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility using an electron linac. During the first run, an 805-W, 30.9-MeV beam was used to irradiate a 1-mm tungsten radiator to create a bremsstrahlung flux. The resulting gamma photons irradiated 50.9 g of natural gallium encased in a graphite crucible for 24.2 h; 7.02 Bq/W∙s∙kg of 67Cu activity was produced. During the second run, a 4380-W, 31.5-MeV beam was used for 12.0 h on the same target containing 60 g of natural gallium; 6.41 Bq/W∙s∙kg of 67Cu activity was produced. Because of the difficulties in spectroscopically differentiating 67Cu from 67Ga, prior to each run, an isotopically pure 71Ga disk was irradiated using a 100-W beam for 1 h, at the same respective energies. These baseline irradiations allowed for separation of 67Cu from 67Ga in the spectroscopic measurements of the natural gallium targets.