Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Students’ Ability in Distance Learning with the Winsteps

—The main purpose of this research is to answer the following question. Is Winsteps Software easy for teachers to diagnose the ability of students and questions in distance learning to anticipate the spread of the corona virus today, especially for elementary / MI, SMP / MTs, SMA / MA / SMK teachers in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the library method. The data in this study are in the form of information from 8 related software. After making software that is easy for teachers to use at school, relevant software immediately puts into practice to diagnose it. The data used were student answer data on the 50-item English Middle School test with 4 multiple choice questions, which were answered by 30 students. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the analysis of several software, the presentation of results with the most information is Winsteps. To run the software, most must first write syntax, such as Parscale, ConQuest, Mplus, IRTPRO 3, including Bilog-MG, except Winsteps. Of the 8 software that is easy to use by the teacher is Winsteps software. The conclusion is that the Winsteps program is very practical for teachers to diagnose students' abilities and questions about aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes in distance learning to anticipate the spread of the corona virus.
Coding as Literacy in Preschool: A Case Study

Coding is increasingly recognized as a new literacy that should be encouraged at a young age. This understanding has recontextualized computer science as a compulsory school subject and has informed several developmentally appropriate approaches to computation, including for preschool children. This study focuses on the introduction of three approaches to computation in preschool (3–6 years), specifically computational thinking, programming, and robotics, from a cross-curricular perspective. This paper presents preliminary findings from one of the case studies currently being developed as part of project KML II—Laboratory of Technologies and Learning of Programming and Robotics for Preschool and Elementary School. The purpose of the KML II project is to characterize how approaches to computation can be integrated into preschool and elementary education, across different knowledge domains. The conclusions point to “expression and communication” as an initial framework for computational approaches in preschool, but also to multidisciplinary and more creative methodological activities that offer greater scope for the development of digital and computational competences, as well as for personal and social development.
Association between the initial serum phosphate level and 30-day mortality in blunt trauma patients

BACKGROUND Studies on patients with cardiac arrest or sepsis have reported that high initial phosphate levels are associated with poor outcomes. However, no previous study has investigated the association between initial phosphate levels and outcomes in blunt trauma patients. METHODS This study was a retrospective observational study conducted on blunt trauma patients who had been treated at the single regional trauma center between January 2016 and December 2017. Patients’ demographic data, initial vital signs, trauma scores, and laboratory parameters including phosphate levels were collected from the trauma registry. The primary outcome was set to 30-day mortality. The secondary outcomes were the total volume of blood transfused, 30-day hospital-free days, and 30-day intensive care unit–free days. RESULTS Of the 1,907 included patients, 1,836 were in the survival group, and 71 were in the nonsurvival group. The nonsurvival group had a significantly higher phosphate level than the survival group. Patients in the hyperphosphatemia group had a higher 30-day mortality, fewer 30-day intensive care unit–free days, and higher transfusion volume than those in the other groups. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, hyperphosphatemia was independently associated with 30-day mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve with the inclusion of phosphate in addition to Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score, and age was 0.911. Area under the curve was also increased when phosphate was simply added to Injury Severity Score and Revised Trauma Score. CONCLUSION In blunt trauma patients, hyperphosphatemia was associated with an increased 30-day mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic, level III.
Multi-Sensor Fusion for Aerial Robots in Industrial GNSS-Denied Environments

The use of unmanned aerial robots has increased exponentially in recent years, and the relevance of industrial applications in environments with degraded satellite signals is rising. This article presents a solution for the 3D localization of aerial robots in such environments. In order to truly use these versatile platforms for added-value cases in these scenarios, a high level of reliability is required. Hence, the proposed solution is based on a probabilistic approach that makes use of a 3D laser scanner, radio sensors, a previously built map of the environment and input odometry, to obtain pose estimations that are computed onboard the aerial platform. Experimental results show the feasibility of the approach in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency.
Effects of different diet alternatives to replace the use of pharmacological levels of zinc on growth performance and fecal dry matter of weanling pigs

Abstract A total of 300 weanling pigs (Line 400 × 200, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 4.83 kg) were used in a 46-d trial to evaluate the effects of different nutritional strategies to replace pharmacological levels of Zn, provided by zinc oxide (ZnO), in nursery diets on growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). Six treatments with 10 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen were used. Diets consisted of: (1) positive control (ZnO providing 3,000 mg/kg added Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 mg/kg added Zn from d 8 to 25 and 21% crude protein, CP); (2) negative control (NC; no added ZnO); (3) NC plus 1.2% Na diformate; (4) NC with 4% coarse ground wheat bran; (5) NC but formulated to 18% CP; and (6) the combination of NC with 18% CP, 1.2% Na diformate, and 4% coarse ground wheat bran. The diets formulated to 18% CP contained 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys from d 0 to 25, whereas the 21% CP diets contained 1.4% SID Lys from d 0 to 7 and 1.35% SID Lys from d 7 to 25. From d 25 to 46, all pigs were fed a common diet. From d 0 to 7, no differences in any variables were observed between treatments. From d 7 to 25, pigs fed the diet with added ZnO had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than all other treatments. Pigs fed the diet formulated to 18% CP had decreased (P < 0.01) ADG when compared with pigs fed the other diets. From d 25 to 46, no previous treatment effects on ADG or gain to feed ratio (G:F) were observed. Overall (d 0 to 46), pigs fed the diet with added ZnO from d 0 to 25 had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and final body weight than pigs fed added Na Diformate, or 4% coarse ground wheat bran, or with the 18% CP diet, or with pigs fed the combination of the additives intermediate. There was no evidence for differences in overall G:F. Pigs fed the NC diet had the lowest fecal DM and highest fecal scores (P < 0.05), indicating the greatest incidence of loose stools. Pigs fed added ZnO had greater fecal DM than pigs fed the NC, 4% added wheat bran, or 18% CP diets, or with pigs fed the combination of additives intermediate (P < 0.01). These results suggest that adding pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO improves nursery pig performance and increases DM content of feces when compared with pigs fed diets with either Na diformate, 4% course wheat bran, or 18% CP alone. However, a combination of all three alternatives appeared to be additive and partially restored growth performance similar to adding pharmacological levels of Zn.
Underwater Image Quality Assessment: Subjective and Objective Methods

Underwater image enhancement plays a critical role in marine industry. Various algorithms are applied to enhance underwater images, but their performance in terms of perceptual quality has been little studied. In this paper, we investigate five popular enhancement algorithms and their output image quality. To this end, we have created a benchmark, including images enhanced by different algorithms and ground truth image quality obtained by human perception experiments. We statistically analyse the impact of various enhancement algorithms on the perceived quality of underwater images. Also, the visual quality provided by these algorithms is evaluated objectively, aiming to inform the development of objective metrics for automatic assessment of the quality for underwater image enhancement. The image quality benchmark and its objective metric are made publicly available.
Current Trend of Carbon Emissions from Wildfires in Siberia

Smoke from wildfires in Siberia often affects air quality over vast territories of the Northern hemisphere during the summer. Increasing fire emissions also affect regional and global carbon balance. To estimate annual carbon emissions from wildfires in Siberia from 2002–2020, we categorized levels of fire intensity for individual active fire pixels based on fire radiative power data from the standard MODIS product (MOD14/MYD14). For the last two decades, estimated annual direct carbon emissions from wildfires varied greatly, ranging from 20–220 Tg C per year. Sporadic maxima were observed in 2003 (>150 Tg C/year), in 2012 (>220 Tg C/year), in 2019 (~180 Tg C/year). However, the 2020 fire season was extraordinary in terms of fire emissions (~350 Tg C/year). The estimated average annual level of fire emissions was 80 ± 20 Tg C/year when extreme years were excluded from the analysis. For the next decade the average level of fire emissions might increase to 250 ± 30 Tg C/year for extreme fire seasons, and to 110 ± 20 Tg C/year for moderate fire seasons. However, under the extreme IPCC RPC 8.5 scenario for Siberia, wildfire emissions might increase to 1200–1500 Tg C/year by 2050 if there were no significant changes in patterns of vegetation distribution and fuel loadings.
Use of Random Forest Model to Identify the Relationships Among Vegetative Species, Salt Marsh Soil Properties, and Interstitial Water along the Atlantic Coast of Georgia

Saltmarshes, known to be ecologically sensitive areas, face disturbances such as vegetation dieback due to anthropogenic activities such as construction. The current construction specifications recommended by state highway agencies do not specifically require documenting or restoring any prior saltmarsh soil/interstitial water properties, nor do they require re-establishing saltmarsh vegetation; restoring the abiotic properties and appropriate vegetation would enhance the long-term functionality and ecology of a disturbed area. In order to have a successful restoration of disturbed saltmarshes with healthy vegetation, the relationship between vegetative species and the properties of saltmarsh soils and interstitial water must be fully understood. In this study, field and laboratory tests were conducted for the soil samples from eight different saltmarsh sites in the Southeastern US Atlantic coastal region, followed by the development of a random forest model; the aim is to identify correlation among saltmarsh predominant vegetation types, redox potential, and salinity. The results reveal that moisture content and sand content are two main drivers for the bulk density of saltmarsh soils, which directly affect plant growth and likely root development. Moreover, it is concluded that deploying modern machine learning algorithms, such as random forest, can help to identify desirable saltmarsh soil/water properties for re-establishing vegetative cover with the reduced time after construction activities.
Reliability analysis for q‐Weibull distribution with multiply Type‐I censored data

The widely used Weibull distribution could be generalized to be q‐Weibull distribution. To fill out the gap in existing literature, the reliability is studied for q‐Weibull distribution with multiply Type‐I censored data, which is the general form of Type‐I censored data. The point estimates and confidence intervals (CIs) for q‐Weibull parameters and reliability parameters such as the reliability and remaining lifetime are all focused on. The maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) are obtained by maximizing the likelihood function and transforming it to an unconstrained optimization problem. The least‐square estimates (LSEs) are proposed by minimizing the single‐variable profile error function derived from reducing the previous multivariable error function. These improvements could make the computation of point estimates efficient. Concerning the CIs, the asymptotic normality of log‐transformed MLE is used to guarantee they fall into the value ranges. Particularly, the closed form for the Fisher information matrix is derived using the missing information principal and is combined with the delta method to construct the CIs for reliability. Besides, the bias‐corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap method is also applied. Further, a Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to compare different point estimates and CIs. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the application of the study in this paper.
Review of frequency up‐conversion vibration energy harvesters using impact and plucking mechanism

One of the main challenges in the field of vibration energy harvesting is to extract energy from the low‐frequency ambient vibrations. Since the voltage and power production in vibration energy harvesters depends on the relative velocity (frequency), therefore, comparatively high power levels are produced at a high frequency of vibrations. For low‐frequency excitation of the base, technique such as frequency up‐conversion (FUC) is widely utilised. In FUC method, a very low‐frequency vibration is efficiently harvested using the plucking mechanism. FUC harvesters are comprised of a low‐frequency mechanism (primary system) and a high‐frequency mechanism (secondary system), which are either coupled operationally through freely moving mass, mechanical plucking, magnetic plucking or mechanical impact. The mechanical contact plucking or magnetic plucking mechanism is used for exciting a secondary system that has a much higher frequency for efficiently harvesting more energy. This work provides a detailed review of the FUC energy harvesters that are utilising freely moving mass, plucking mechanism and mechanical impact techniques reported in the literature. Information about the harvesters' architecture, working, fabrication and output performance is performed with an emphasis on input low frequency, input acceleration, converted high frequency, voltage generation, power levels and power density values reported in the literature. Moreover, all techniques developed for low‐frequency vibration applications are compared and the effectiveness of each mechanism used for low‐frequency energy harvesting is discussed.
First report of the hapuku wreckfish Polyprion oxygeneios (Polyprionidae) in Argentinian waters

The hapuku wreckfish Polyprion oxygeneios is recorded for the first time in Argentinian waters. Four specimens were caught off Mar del Plata (38°S, Argentina) in depths between 60 and 260 m during austral summer (three by sport fishers and one in a research cruise). Up to the present, this species was consistently misidentified with its congener, the common wreckfish P. americanus, off Argentina. These records represent a connection between previous records from Brazil and the more austral circumglobal distribution of the species.
The distinct morphological phenotypes of Southeast Asian aborigines are shaped by novel mechanisms for adaptation to tropical rainforests

Abstract Southeast Asian aborigines, the hunter-gatherer populations living in tropical rainforests, exhibit distinct morphological phenotypes, including short stature, dark skin, curly hair and a wide and snub nose. The underlying genetic architecture and evolutionary mechanism of these phenotypes remain a long-term mystery. We conducted whole genome deep sequencing of 81 Cambodian aborigines from eight ethnic groups. Through a genome-wide scan of selective sweeps, we discovered key genes harboring Cambodian-enriched mutations that may contribute to their phenotypes, including two hair morphogenesis genes (TCHH and TCHHL1), one nasal morphology gene (PAX3) and a set of genes (such as ENTPD1-AS1) associated with short stature. The identified new genes and novel mutations suggest an independent origin of the distinct phenotypes in Cambodian aborigines through parallel evolution, refuting the long-standing argument on the common ancestry of these phenotypes among the worldwide rainforest hunter-gatherers. Notably, our discovery reveals that various types of molecular mechanisms, including antisense transcription and epigenetic regulation, contribute to human morphogenesis, providing novel insights into the genetics of human environmental adaptation.
Mitigating injection-induced seismicity to reduce seismic risk

Over the past decade, parts of the central United States have experienced elevated number of earthquakes and seismic damage to buildings and infrastructure. These earthquakes are caused by underground injection of wastewater from oil and gas operations, which increases pore pressures, in some cases leading to slip on faults in the geologic basement. Mitigation strategies have been proposed or implemented to reduce these earthquakes, while minimizing impact on operations, but the effectiveness of these strategies in terms of seismic risk is not well understood. Here, we show that the most effective strategies for reducing earthquake occurrence may not be the best for reducing regional seismic risk in terms of economic loss. Well locations have a large impact on seismic risk, and increasing the distance between wells typically reduces risks, with the least interruption to injection operations. Results also quantify the dramatic decrease in risk achieved by locating injection operations farther from population centers. Decreasing injected volume reduces both earthquake occurrence and risk, but large reductions in volumes are needed to achieve significant reductions in risk. These findings can be used to inform design and selection of mitigation strategies that most reduce seismic risk.
Performance of channels coding and space-time trellis codes on fading channel for multiple-input multiple-output free-space optical communication systems

In this paper, we review and analyze the space-time trellis codes with and without ideal beamforming. Space-time trellis code with ideal beamforming at transmitter termed as weighted space. Smart antenna technology provides a wide variety of options, ranging from single-input multiple-output architectures that collect more energy to improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver, to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures that open up multiple data pipes over a link. Atmospheric turbulence can cause signiﬁcant performance degradation in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. An efﬁcient solution could be to exploit the temporal diversity to improve the performance of the FSO link.
STUDIES ON STREPTOLYSIN O AND ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O I. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF STREPTOLYSIN O BY THE FIFTY PER CENT END-POINT TITRATION

1. SL employed : 6 liters of modified Todd-Hewitt broth (Swift, 1948), containing 5 cc of 0.2% phenol red solution per liter, were seeded with Richards strain (ATCC 10389) culture and incubated at 37 for 16 hours. Then, the acid formed was neutralized with 10% NaOH solution. Incubation was continued for additional 10 hours, with the addition of 30 cc of sterile 40% glucose solution every 2 hours, and with frequent neutralization. The culture was then kept in the cold room overnight, and centrifuged the next day. The supernatant was Seitz-filtered. Lot 1: The concentrated SL was prepared according to Rantz and Randall (1945). The culture filtrate was brought to 57% saturation by the addition of 429 g of ammonium sulfate per liter. The resulting precipitate was recovered by centrifugation, dissolved in a small amount of a phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, and dialyzed in cellophane bags against running tap water for 2 days and against frequent changes of distilled water for 1 day. The final volume of the concentrated SL was made up to 4% of that of the original filtrate. Sodium chloride was added at 0.85%, and Seitz-filtered. Kept frozen at -20•Ž. Lot 2 and 3: To the culture filtrate 50 g/dl ZnC12 solution was added at a final concentration of about 2% of ZnC12 as reported by Kasuga et al. (1957). The precipitate was collected by centrifugation. The active material was eluted from the precipitate by warmed (37•Ž) 20% Na2HPO4 solution several times, pH being adjusted to 8.0. The combined elutes
STUDIES ON THE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN SOYBEAN HULL AND ITS NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY

The optimal extracting technological conditions of flavonoids from soybean hull by orthogonal plan method and its nematicidal activity were studied.The result indicated that the conditions of 70℃,10:1 of 80% ethanol to soybean hull,heating and refluxing for 24 h were optimium,the extractive ratio could be up to 8.58% and was higher than Hypo-optimal conditions significantly;The total flavonoids of the extractive solution had high nematicidal activity against the second juvenile(J2),and with the in creasing of concentration,the nematicidal activity was improved,more than 50% of J2 could be killed with the treatment of 1.5 μg·mg-1 total flavonoids extraction.In addition,it also had inhibition on eggs hatch to some extent,but inhibition rate of eggs hatch was below 50%.
Optimization of Operating Conditions for Electrochemical Decolorization of Methylene Blue with Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 Composite Electrode

α-PbO2 was introduced into the intermediate layer of an electrode to prevent the separation of the electrodeposited layer and maintain oxidizing power. The resulting Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 composite electrode was applied to the electrochemical decolorization of methylene blue (MB) and the operating conditions for MB decolorization with the Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 electrode were optimized. The morphology, structure, composition, and electrochemical performance of Ti/α-PbO2 and Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 anode were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The optimum operating parameters for the electrochemical decolorization of MB at Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 composites were as follows: Na2SO4 electrolyte 0.05 g L−1, initial concentration of MB 9 mg L−1, cell voltage 20 V, current density 0.05–0.10 A cm−2, and pH 6.0. MB dye could be completely decolorized with Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 for the treatment time of less than one hour, and the dye decolorization efficiency with Ti/α-PbO2/β-PbO2 was about 5 times better, compared with those obtained with Ti/α-PbO2.