Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle model for crushable aggregates which includes size, time and relative humidity effects

This thesis presents a study of the mechanical behaviour of coarse-crushable aggregates, using the discrete element method (DEM). A novel DEM model has been developed taking into account particle breakage, the influence of the relative humidity, time-dependent behaviour and the effect of particle size. A criterion of particle breakage has been proposed based in fracture mechanics and the theory of subcritical crack propagation. Three theoretical models for the crack propagation are proposed taking into account the relative humidity. Pyramidal macroparticles, which behave like clumps and can break, were selected for the DEM model, in view of the results of the analysis performed on the effect of particle shape. The model has been implemented using the commercial software PFC3D, through the incorporation of functions programmed in FISH language. The proposed DEM model is mainly based on three parameters: the inter-granular contact stiffness (kn), the inter-particle friction (μ) and the fracture toughness of the material (Kc). It also takes into account the surface roughness of the particles through the solid angle describing contact stresses (θ0) and the yield stress of the aggregates (σy). In order to calibrate the parameters of the model, some laboratory tests were performed. The basic (φb) and mineral (φm) friction angles were determined by means of shear tests using Tilt table test and a Direct shear cell. Contact stiffness tests in one-directional compression on prismatic specimens allowed the determination of kn. θ0 was found by means of an estimation of mean roughness (Ra) and by microscope examination of grain surfaces. The calibration of the DEM parameters was also carried out by means of a back analysis oedometer tests and experimental data. Compressibility, the evolution of grain size distribution curves and the calculation of breakage indices helped to perform the calibration. Additionally, several oedometer tests were performed on a brittle-crushable material -sugar cubes- in order to investigate the mechanisms of breakage. Two types of arrangements were used to obtain two very different initial void ratios: 0.80 and 0.20. Two mechanisms of breakage were determined: Comminution crushing and particle splitting. An analysis of time-dependent behaviour was also carried out. These considerations were taken into account in the DEM model. Blind numerical triaxial tests were also performed using parameters previously calibrated in the back analysis of oedometer tests. The prediction was quite accurate and it shows the capability of the DEM model developed to reproduce the constitutive behaviour of crushable aggregates compared with experimental results from the literature. The DEM simulations of the oedometer and triaxial tests were consistent and accurate. The influence of the relative humidity on the mechanical behaviour, particle size effects, time-dependent behaviour and the evolution of the grain size distribution were well reproduced.
University of Birmingham A method for the analysis of AP foot convexity

Action potential (AP) profiles vary based on the cell type, with cells of the same type typically producing APs with similar shapes. But in certain syncytial tissues, such as the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder wall, even a single cell is known to exhibit APs with diverse profiles. The origin of this diversity is not currently understood, but is often attributed to factors such as syncytial interactions and the spatial distribution of parasympathetic nerve terminals. Thus, the profile of an action potential is determined by the inherent properties of the cell and influenced by its biophysical environment. The analysis of an AP profile, therefore, holds potential for constructing picture of the cellular environment. An important feature of any AP is its depolarization to threshold, termed the AP foot, which holds information about the origin of the AP. Currently, there exists no established technique for the quantification of the AP foot. In this study, we explore several possible approaches for this quantification, namely, exponential fitting, evaluation of the radius of curvature, triangulation altitude, and various area based methods. We have also proposed a modified area-based approach (C X,Y ) which quantifies foot convexity as the area between the AP foot and a predefined line. We assess the robustness of the individual approaches over a wide variety of signals, mimicking AP diversity. The proposed (C X,Y ) method is demonstrated to be superior to the other approaches, and we demonstrate its application on experimentally recorded AP profiles. The study reveals how the quantification of the AP foot could be related to the nature of the underlying synaptic activity and help shed light on biophysical features such as the density of innervation, proximity of varicosities, size of the syncytium, or the strength of intercellular coupling within the syncytium. The work presented here is directed toward exploring these aspects, with further potential toward clinical electrodiagnostics by providing a better understanding of whole-organ biophysics.
Characterizing Difficulty Levels of Keyboard Music Scores

The proliferation online music scores for various instruments and musical styles can be very positive for music learners, who would now witness an increase in score availability for a variety of styles, which could give them autonomy over what styles and songs to invest in learning. However, with the increase of data comes the question of accessibility; how can we aid learners, often without the availability of teachers, to identify good candidates of music scores to learn next given their current skill level? To solve this problem computationally, there needs to be a method by which difficulty can be measured computationally, and effectively. In this master thesis, our goal is to re-visit computational music score difficulty analysis, which as a research problem has been sidelined for some years. We apply the 2 approaches that have been used within the research community on datasets made available to us through the Trinity College London (TCL) examination board. One of these approaches is based on symbolic feature extraction, and the other is based on probabilistic cost. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each quantitatively and qualitatively. Moreover, we devote an entire chapter to reviewing through textual content provided by TCL such as information within their songbooks and syllabuses to serve as a foundation for new feature suggestions. 20 features are suggested in addition to the baseline set, and we examine their usefulness by checking if they can characterize difficulty better than the baseline set alone. Despite the new feature having some positive impact, there is still great room for improvement. Finally, after comparing the feature extraction and the probabilistic difficulty approaches empirically, we conclude there is no definitive answer on which is currently more robust. Each approach has its strengths and weaknesses, which are discussed thoroughly, and perhaps the best next step is to combine both approaches.
Exploring the Relationship Between Community Program Location and Community Needs

Introduction: Health behaviors, mental health, and social needs impact health, but addressing these needs is difﬁcult. Clinicians can partner with community programs to provide patients support. The relationship between program location and community need is uncertain. Methods: We identiﬁed and geolocated community programs in Richmond, Virginia, that aid with 9 domains of needs (mental health, smoking, unhealthy alcohol use, nutrition, physical activity, transportation, ﬁnancial, housing, food insecurity). For each census tract, we identiﬁed needs from public data sources. We used 2 methods to compare program location and need: (1) hotspot analysis and (2) a negative binomial regression model. Results: We identiﬁed 280 community programs that provide aid for the 9 domains. Programs most often provided ﬁnancial assistance (n = 121) and housing support (n = 73). The regression analysis showed no relationship between the number of community programs and the level of need in census tracts, with 2 exceptions. There was a positive association between ﬁnancial programs and ﬁnancial need and a negative association between housing programs and housing need. Conclusions: Community programs are generally not colocated with need. This poses a barrier for people who need help addressing these domains. ( J Am Board Fam Med 2022;35:55–72.)
Energy Non-Linearity Studies and Pulse Shape Analysis of Liquid Scintillator Signals in the Double Chooz Experiment

The Double Chooz reactor neutrino experiment measures the neutrino mixing angle Theta13 with a liquid scintillation detector. It uses the electron antineutrino flux as well as their energy spectrum in the analysis of Theta13, which requires a detailed knowledge of the energy scale. In particular the non-linear scintillator response caused by ionization quenching and Cerenkov light has to be accurately reproduced in the Monte Carlo. To this end the relevant properties of the liquid scintillators are investigated experimentally and theoretically. For the data analysis the pulse shape of the scintillator emission is exploited for particle identification. A novel classifier is presented which characterizes the pulse shape in Fourier space. It allows to distinguish between the detector volumes as well as to reduce the stopping muon background. A more advanced version of this technique is then investigated for pulse shape discrimination between positron and electron events. It has a high efficiency for electron antineutrinos and can be used to reject remaining background in the Double Chooz analysis. The method thus increases the signal-to-background ratio, which may be a tremendous advantage for analyses with neutron captures on Hydrogen.
Cosmic baryon density from primordial nucleosynthesis and other evidence

I comment on primordial abundances, their implications for cosmic baryon density (all are consistent with 4 < 7710 < 5), the na ture of baryonic dark matter (probably mainly hot intergalactic gas), its metallicity and implications for the overall yield. Recent estimates of the cosmic star formation rate as a function of red-shift are discussed in the light of the present-day densities of stars and heavy elements.
A High Efficiency Nonisolated Buck–Boost Converter Based on ZETA Converter

In this paper, a new transformerless buck–boost converter based on a ZETA converter is introduced. The proposed converter has the ZETA converter advantages, such as buck–boost capability, input-to-output dc insulation, and continuous output current. The suggested converter voltage gain is higher than the classic ZETA converter. In the presented converter, only one main switch is utilized. The proposed converter offers low voltage stress of the switch; therefore, the low on-state resistance of the main switch can be selected to decrease the losses of the switch. The presented converter topology is simple; hence, the control of the converter is simple. The converter has the continuous output current. The mathematical analyses of the presented converter are given. The experimental results confirm the correctness of the analysis.
Application Potential of Fuzzy and Regression in Optimization of MRR and Surface Roughness during Machining of C45 Steel

In the machining industry, coolant has an important role due to their lubrication, cooling and chip removal functions. Using coolant can improve machining process efficiency, tool life, surface quality and it can reduce cutting forces and vibrations. However, health and environmental problems are encountered with the use of coolants. Hence, there has been a high demand for deep cryogenic treatment to reduce these harmful effects. For this purpose, −196 °C LN2 gas is used to improve machining performance. This study focuses on the prediction of surface roughness and material removal rate with cryogenically treated M2 HSS tool using fuzzy logic and regression model. The turning experiments are conducted according to Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Surface roughness and material removal rate during machining of C45 steel with HSS tool are measured. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are considered as machining parameters. A model depended on a regression model is established and the results obtained from the regression model are compared with the results based on fuzzy logic and experiment. The effectiveness of regression models and fuzzy logic has been determined by analyzing the correlation coefficient and by comparing experimental results. Regression model gives closer values to experimentally measured values than fuzzy logic. It has been concluded that regression-based modeling can be used to predict the surface roughness successfully.
DIABETES MELLITUS PADA PEREMPUAN USIA REPRODUKSI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2007

Latar Belakang: PadaRiskesdas tahun 2007 hanya terdapat data prevalensi diabetes melitus (DM) pada penduduk usia ≥ 15 tahun yaitu sebesar 5,7 persen pada penduduk daerah perkotaan. Sementara informasi mengenai prevalensi DM pada perempuan usia reproduksi (15-49 tahun) atau usia subur di Riskesdas tahun 2007 belum tersedia. Pada usia tersebut perempuan sedang aktif melakukan kehamilan, jika diabetes terjadi pada saat kehamilan, hal tersebut akan berbahaya bagi janin dan ibu. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran DM dan faktor risikonya pada perempuan usia reproduksi di Indonesia tahun 2007. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan disain studi potong lintang (cross sectional). Data yang digunakan adalah data Biomedis Riskesdas 2007. Hasil: Terdapat 3,6 persen penderita DM pada perempuan usia reproduksi, persentase faktor risiko diabetes pada perempuan usia reproduksi yaitu obesitas 29,6 persen, kurang aktivitas fisik 52,5 persen, merokok 26,9 persen, sering mengkonsumsi lemak 16,7 persen, kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur 97,3 persen dan rata-rata usia perempuan reproduksi adalah 32 tahun. Kesimpulan: Persentase DM pada perempuan usia reproduksi adalah sebesar 3,6%, oleh karena itu perlu diwaspadai untuk penurunan dan pencegahan kejadian DM pada perempuan usia reproduksi melalui pencegahan pada faktor risikonya. Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus (DM), perempuan usia reproduksi, gestasional diabetes melitus (GDM)
A REVIEW ON METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING OF VARIOUS DRUGS BY USING RP- UPLC

very Pa). ABSTRACT The main requirement of pharmaceutical company is to reduce the fair in the development of new drugs to enhance sensitivity, specificity, robustness, resolution for their detection. This can be achieved by UPLC which is the modified HPLC method comprising high pressure and small sized particles (less than 2µm) used in the column. The review article reveals the method development and validation of stability indicating on various drugs by RP- UPLC. The different mobile phases like potassium di hydrogen, acetonitrile, sodium phosphate, methanol, sodium di hydrogen, trifluoro aceticacid, and ammonium acetate buffer were used in RP-UPLC. The chromatographic separation was carried by different stationary phases like C18, X-terra RP18, Acquity UPLC BEHRP-18, Kromasil Eternity TM C 18, Acquity® HSS-T3, Zorbax SB-C18 which are processed by using isocratic method. The validation method was evaluated with various parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, LOD and LOQ. The evaluation of stability of drugs was performed with various degradation parameters such as oxidation, hydrolysis, acid base hydrolysis and photolytic hydrolysis. From the review, it was observed that C18 column was efficient for the separation due to the smaller particles size provides better resolution and retention time. The different mobile phases like like potassium di hydrogen, acetonitrile, sodium phosphate, methanol, sodium di hydrogen, trifluoro acetic acid and ammonium acetate were generally favors for the effective separation and yields good retention time. All varied parameters were validated as per ICH guidelines and report shown within the limits. Similarly, it was revealed that some drugs were shown stability and mild degradation. The developed method by RP-UPLC was validated per the ICH guidelines and found to be specific, precise, accurate and linear. Hence, the review was clearly indicated that UPLC method is possible to develop a new sensitive and accurate for different pharmaceutical formulations.
Deep Learning Method and Infrared Imaging as a Tool for Transformer Faults Detection

In behaviour recognition, the development of the DL (Deep Learning) method introduced massive improvements in the field of artificial intelligence, where DL represents an upgrade of the present ANN (artificial neural network) architecture. Deep Learning as a comprehensive new field of artificial intelligence completely covers the neural networks architecture that is devised to carry out certain forms of identification, such as behaviour, forms of things, trends, similarities in complex forms, etc. Regarding thermography in energy, the cases used to illustrate this are photographs of active energy components in the plant. Failures that are seen with thermography cannot be recognized by other methods. However, an expert needs to do segmentation of focusing and classification of failures. The need for daily sampling and expert work is growing. With the DL method, it can be done in real time any time. One of the popular network architectures for using DL in image analysis is the recognition algorithm—CNN (convolution neural network). Traditional artificial intelligence methods require determining factors and computations, leading to training algorithm. Machine learning has important features as well as the right weight to make decisions about new input data. This work presents DL as a flexible and adaptive method for the analysis of thermal images of energy facilities, as well as a tool used for the construction and implementation of an efficient fault analysis on the 10/0.4 kV service transformer.
Epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of the ERK pathway by DJ-1 through its direct binding to c-Raf*

Results: DJ-1 directly binds to the kinase domain of c-Raf to stimulate its self-phosphorylation, followed by phosphorylation of MEK and ERK1/2 in EGF-treated cells. Conclusions: DJ-1 activates the ERK pathway by directly binding to c-Raf but not to Ras. Significance: DJ-1 is a positive regulator for the EGF/Ras/ERK pathway. ABSTRACT DJ-1 is an oncogene and also a causative gene for familial Parkinson disease. DJ-1 has various functions and the oxidative status of cysteine at amino acid number 106 (C106) is crucial for determination of the activation level of DJ-1. Although DJ-1 requires activated Ras for its oncogenic activity and although it activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, a cell growth pathway downstream of Ras, the precise mechanism underlying activation of the ERK pathway DJ-1 this study, we found C106 Co-localization of c-Raf in the cytoplasm
Quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibits protein disulfide isomerase by binding to its b'x domain

Results: Conclusions: Quercetin-3-rutinoside interacts with the b'x domain of protein disulfide a Significance: The b'x domain reverses the antithrombotic properties of quercetin-3-rutinoside in a thrombosis model in a live mouse. ABSTRACT Quercetin-3-rutinoside inhibits thrombus formation in a mouse model by inhibiting extracellular protein
Fast, Efficient Broadcast Schemes Based on the Prediction of Dynamics in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

The performance of multi-hop broadcast in vehicular ad hoc networks can be greatly affected by the highly varying link dynamics caused by mobility of vehicles and complex wireless channel environment. The conventional receiver-based and sender-based broadcast protocols usually decide the relay sequences only based on distance, neglecting the influence of links qualities. In this paper, we consider the impact of link qualities and vehicular mobility and investigate how to select broadcast relays to minimize the broadcast delay and maximize the broadcast efficiency. We first propose a novel broadcast scheme based on the prediction of dynamics (BPD), which utilizes the dynamic information to achieve the model-based prediction and combines the sender-based and receiver-based relay selection schemes for multi-hop broadcast. Then, we propose a novel metric called the expected remaining delay (D) and implement it in BDP (BPD-D) for minimizing the broadcast delay. We also propose a novel metric called the expected rebroadcast efficiency (E) and implement it in BDP (BPD-E) for maximizing the broadcast efficiency. The simulation results show that our proposed BPD-D and BPD-E broadcast protocols outperform the conventional protocols, while BPD-D can achieve the least delay and BPD-E has the highest dissemination efficiency.
Alteration in the gene expression of the HepG2 cell line by exposure to particulate matter (PM) of diesel Alteración en la expresión de genes en la línea celular HepG2 por exposición a material particulado (MP) de diésel

Particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 um emitted by diesel engines is responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution. Alternative fuels have been implemented, but their potential toxic effects are still unknown. The objective of this article is to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of the organic extract of particulate matter emitted by a diesel engine powered by two different fuels. Following cell exposure to fossil diesel + 10% ethanol and fossil diesel extracts, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and differential gene expression were evaluated. The results showed that the organic extracts of diesel PM + 10% ethanol were more biotoxic (p<0.05). More studies are needed to better understand the health effect of PM emissions from biofuel. Resumen El contaminación del Se han implementado combustibles alternativos, pero aún se desconocen sus posibles efectos tóxicos. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo evaluar la toxicidad in vitro del extracto orgánico de material particulado emitido por un motor diésel alimentado con dos combustibles diferentes. Luego de la exposición celular a los extractos de diésel fósil + 10% etanol y diésel fósil, se evaluó la mutagenicidad, la genotoxicidad y la expresión diferencial de genes. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos orgánicos del MP de diésel + 10%etanol fueron más biotóxicos (p<0.05). Es necesario llevar a cabo más estudios para entender mejor el efecto sobre la salud de las emisiones de MP proveniente de biocombustible. stainless-steel fibers, and positive controls were Daunomycin (6 μg/plate) for strain TA98 - S9, Sodium Azide (1,5 μg/plate) for strain TA100 -S9 and 2- Aminoanthracene (5 μg/plate) for both strains, TA98 +S9 and TA100 +S9. The results were expressed as average revertants/µl and potential mutagenic activity was considered when the treatments showed statistically significant differences with the negative control and when the concentration–response relationship was significative (p<0,05) in any of the used strains. activation nitro-PAH, reactivity to among chemically characterized to the differential mutagenic response