Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using the Filaments in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey to Test the ΛCDM Model

It has recently been established that the filaments seen in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS) are statistically significant at scales as large as 70-80 h-1 Mpc in the δ = -3° slice and 50-70 h-1 Mpc in the five other LCRS slices. The ability to produce such filamentary features is an important test of any model for structure formation. We have tested the ΛCDM model with a featureless, scale-invariant primordial power spectrum by quantitatively comparing the filamentarity in simulated LCRS slices with the actual data. The filamentarity in an unbiased ΛCDM model, we find, is less than the LCRS. Introducing a bias b = 1.15, the model is in rough consistency with the data, although in two of the slices the filamentarity falls below the data at a low level of statistical significance. The filamentarity is very sensitive to the bias parameter, and a high value (b = 1.5), which enhances filamentarity at small scales and suppresses it at large scales, is ruled out. A bump in the power spectrum at k ~ 0.05 h Mpc-1 is found to have no noticeable effect on the filamentarity.
Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index predicts postoperative mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture: A prospective cohort

Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical association between the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI) and postoperative mortality in elderly patients. Materials and methods Elderly patients with hip fractures were screened from January 2015 to September 2019. After demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, linear and non-linear multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify the association between the aCCI and mortality. All analyses were performed using EmpowerStats and R software. Results A total of 2,657 patients were included in the study, and the mean follow-up duration was of 38.97 months. The mean aCCI score was 4.24 ± 1.09, and 977 (34.14%) died of all-cause mortality. The fully-adjusted linear multivariate Cox regression models showed the aCCI to be associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.21–1.41, P < 0.0001]. Patients in Q2 showed greater mortality (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23–2.09; P = 0.0005) than those in Q1; patients in Q3 showed greater mortality (HR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.66–2.87; P < 0.001) than those in Q1. In addition, the P-value for the trend also showed a linear association in the three models (P < 0.0001). In the sensitivity analysis, propensity score matching was used, and the results were stable. Conclusion The mortality risk of hip fractures increased by 31% when the aCCI increased by one unit. aCCI score was shown to be a good predictor of three-year mortality following hip fracture. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr. org.cn/showproj.aspx? proj=152919, identifier ChiCTR2200057323.
Editorial: Identification of New Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Disease, volume II

In the last years, the identification of new biomarkers to perform a correct and opportune diagnosis of bone diseases has been a great interest in the field. Although many bone biomarkers have been identified, so far only two serum makers have been recognized as relevant for diagnostic purposes: CTX (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) as a marker of bone resorption and P1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen) as sign of bone formation (Vasikaran et al., 2011). However, the measurement of these two molecules is not sufficient to perform early diagnosis and to set a therapeutic plan for some bone diseases. Indeed, the lack of effective biomarkers makes difficult to achieve the prompt diagnosis and intervention for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In their paper here published, Liu et al. described the lncRNA (Long Non-coding RNA) growth arrestspecific transcript 5 (GAS5) as a potential biomarker for ONFH early diagnosis. The authors found that the expression of lncRNA GAS5 was significantly downregulated in patients with ONFH; this result was also confirmed in a rat model of ONFH. The relevance of lncRNA GAS5 in the bone remodeling activity was demonstrated by its increased expression during osteoblast differentiation and by its downregulation in osteoporosis patients andmice (Feng et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020). The key role of long non-coding RNA in the regulation of bone remodeling was also described in the paper published by Hu et al.; in their study, the authors identified an upregulation of Gm15222 and a positive correlation between its levels and BMP4 in diet induced obese (DIO) mice. Moreover, they demonstrated that Gm15222 promotes osteogenesis and inhibits the expression of adipogenesis-related genes in DIO by epigenetic mechanisms involving the recruitment of lysine demethylases KDM6B and KDM4B, respectively. A prompt diagnosis is particularly important for rare bone diseases such as primary thyroid osteosarcoma. In this Research Topic, Wang et al. identified KMT2C mutation as a potential diagnostic molecular marker. KMT2C encodes histone methyltransferase, which regulates gene transcription by modifying chromatin structure. KMT2C exerts a relevant role in embryonic development and cell proliferation. Interestingly, mutations of KMT2C were reported in 87% of osteosarcoma patients, suggesting its key role in bone carcinogenesis. Wang and coworkers described four variants of KMT2C mutations in a 72-year-old woman with primary thyroid osteosarcoma and discussed the relevance to OPEN ACCESS
Dynamics of a piezoelectric tuning fork/optical fiber assembly in a near-field scanning optical microscope

Factors leading to a decrease in the resonance quality (the Q factor) of quartz microtuning fork/optical fiber assemblies used as sensing elements in near-field scanning optical microscopes were considered using a simple elastomechanical analysis. Experiments to test the predictions of the analysis were carried out and strategies for recovering high Q factors were proposed and tested. Three major factors affecting the magnitude of the Q factor are discussed. The first is the stiffness imparted to the tine of the microtuning fork by the optical fiber attached to it; the second is the location of the attachment point of the fiber along the tine; the third is the resonant vibrational excitation of the fiber tip which acts as an energy dissipative channel. For tapping mode operation using a standard 125 μm diameter fiber, the large longitudinal stiffness of the fiber results in a dramatic Q-factor degradation. This effect can be overcome by reducing the diameter of the fiber cladding, d, and by slightly bendi.
Drug-Repurposing Screening Identifies a Gallic Acid Binding Site on SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural Protein 7

SARS-CoV-2 is the agent responsible for acute respiratory disease COVID-19 and the global pandemic initiated in early 2020. While the record-breaking development of vaccines has assisted the control of COVID-19, there is still a pressing global demand for antiviral drugs to halt the destructive impact of this disease. Repurposing clinically approved drugs provides an opportunity to expediate SARS-CoV-2 treatments into the clinic. In an effort to facilitate drug repurposing, an FDA-approved drug library containing 2400 compounds was screened against the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 7 (nsp7) using a native mass spectrometry-based assay. Nsp7 is one of the components of the SARS-CoV-2 replication/transcription complex essential for optimal viral replication, perhaps serving to off-load RNA from nsp8. From this library, gallic acid was identified as a compound that bound tightly to nsp7, with an estimated Kd of 15 μM. NMR chemical shift perturbation experiments were used to map the ligand-binding surface of gallic acid on nsp7, indicating that the compound bound to a surface pocket centered on one of the protein’s four α-helices (α2). The identification of the gallic acid-binding site on nsp7 may allow development of a SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic via artificial-intelligence-based virtual docking and other strategies.
Impact of The Global Stocks Index on The Shariah And Conventional Stocks Index in Indonesia

The Islamic capital market plays an important role in the growth of the economy in Indonesia. During its development, the performance of the stock index in a country is often influenced by other stock indices in other countries. This study tries to analyze the dependence of the international stock index towards JII and JCI price, using Autoregression Distributed Lag (ARDL). Results show that there is a long-term cointegration of the global stock index to the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). On the other hand, there is no cointegration between the global stock index and the Indonesian Composite Stock Price Index (JCI).
Pirimicarb Induction of Behavioral Disorders and of Neurological and Reproductive Toxicities in Male Rats: Euphoric and Preventive Effects of Ephedra alata Monjauzeana

Carbamate pesticides are a risk to human well-being, and pirimicarb is the most widely employed carbamate insecticide. This ongoing investigation aimed to reveal its toxicity on neurobehavioral and reproductive function. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats by assessment of behavioral changes via experiments, such as the forced swim test and the elevated plus maze; determination of oxidative stress (checking parameters such as catalase activity, etc.); measurement of cortisol and testosterone serum titers, and IL-1β levels in the plasma and brain; and evaluation of histopathological lesions that induced pirimicarb after 28 days of gavage, specifically in the brain and testis. Traces of pirimicarb were analyzed in tissue extracts using LCMS/MS. At the same time, the beneficial and protective effect of EamCE (Ephedra alata monjauzeana Crude Extract) were tested. The outcomes showed considerable anxiety and depressive status, with an evident increase in cortisol and IL-1β titers and an important decrease in oxidative enzymes and testosterone. Significant histological lesions were also recorded. In addition, the LCMS/MS analysis affirmed the accumulation of pirimicarb in organ tissue from rats force-fed with pirimicarb. Conversely, EamCE demonstrated outstanding potential as a preventive treatment, restoring cognitive and physical performance, boosting fertility, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and preserving tissue integrity. We concluded that pirimicarb has critical deleterious impacts on health, affecting the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, and EamCE has a general euphoric and preventive effect.
Cerebral Venous Thromboses in a Patient With No Reported Risk Factors: A Case Report

Stroke is a neurologic condition caused either by brain ischemia or brain hemorrhage, where most cases are a result of ischemic brain injury. Stroke more commonly affects the arterial blood supply of the brain, but in rare cases, it is evoked by the occlusion of the venous sinuses that drain blood from the brain. This phenomenon is known as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), also referred to as cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. The pathogenesis of CVST is not completely understood, although common risk factors associated with the condition include obesity, hypercoagulable states, oral contraceptive use, intracranial infections, trauma, and, more recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immediate medical intervention is required because CVST can result in increased intracranial pressure and diffuse cerebral edema, which can bring about fatal complications that can lead to early death. However, CVST is challenging to diagnose, as its clinical presentation is highly variable. It can range from headaches to signs of elevated intracranial pressure, including nausea, vomiting, and vision problems. In this case report, the patient is a 25-year-old previously healthy African American female who presented with a weeklong headache and acute onset of delirium an hour prior to arrival at the hospital. The patient had prior emergency department (ED) visits from different facilities where head imaging was performed and showed negative results allowing her to return home. The patient was then brought by a friend to our ED due to altered mental status and agitation. Initial computed tomography of the head did not reveal acute abnormalities; however, magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography revealed evidence of venous sinus thrombosis and lack of flow requiring urgent attention. The patient was then referred to endovascular neurology, but despite medical intervention, the patient’s medical status deteriorated, and she was declared brain dead. Although rare, this case report emphasizes the atypical presentation and the severity of CVST where a young individual with no significant past medical history presented with neurological symptoms that rapidly progressed to complications that caused her early death.
A New Approach for Classifying the Permanent Deformation Properties of Granular Materials under Cyclic Loading

A series of medium-sized cyclic triaxial tests were performed to investigate the permanent deformation properties of granular materials. The strain rate was then plotted against loading cycles to classify the permanent deformation properties of granular materials under different cyclic stress ratios (CSRs). It was found that (1) the permanent strain rate dεp/dN was linearly correlated with loading cycles N using a double-log coordinate on the condition of CSR < 60%; (2) the deformation tendency factor β, which was extracted from the linear relationship between dεp/dN and N, significantly varied with CSR and, thus, can be adopted to identify the deformation states; (3) β > 1 implying that permanent strain accumulation ceases in limited cycles and corresponds to the plastic shakedown range, while 0 < β ≤ 1 indicates the temporary steady state, corresponding to the plastic creep range; (4) sluggish decrease or remarkable increase in dεp/dN appeared as CSR ≥ 60%, leading to soil collapsed in limited loading cycles and resulting in an incremental collapse range. The new approach was validated by the crushed tuff aggregates and subgrade materials reported previously. It is expected that the new approach will have wider applicability than the traditional one and can provide technical guidance for the design and construction of substructures in roadway and railway engineering.
The crystallography of quasicrystals

Quasicrystals are long range ordered structures but the atoms are not periodically distributed in the physical space. With the increasing perfection of the experimentally obtained quasicrystals, descriptions of their structure are converging to a crystallographic approach via a periodic image in higher dimensional spaces. This leads to a reasonable understanding of the atomic arrangements in terms of either quasiperiodic stacking of dense corrugated atomic planes or connected interpenetrating atomic clusters.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a common manifestation in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and varies from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. PH can result not only from immune system dysregulation, but also from various conditions, including cardiorespiratory disorders and thromboembolic diseases. Most commonly, SLE-related PH presents with non-specific symptoms, such as progressive dyspnea on exertion, generalized fatigue and weakness and eventually dyspnea at rest. Prompt diagnosis of SLE-related PH and early identification of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms is demanded in order to introduce targeted therapy to prevent irreversible pulmonary vascular damage. In most cases the management of PH in SLE patients is similar to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Furthermore, specific diagnostic tools like biomarkers or screening protocols, to establish early diagnosis seem to be not available yet. Although, the survival rates for patients with SLE-related PH vary between studies, it is evident that PH presence negatively affects the survival of SLE patients.
Upsampling range camera depth maps using high-resolution vision camera and pixel-level confidence classification

We consider the problem of upsampling a low-resolution depth map generated by a range camera, by using information from one or more additional high-resolution vision cameras. The goal is to provide an accurate high resolution depth map from the viewpoint of one of the vision cameras. We propose an algorithm that first converts the low resolution depth map into a depth/disparity map through coordinate mappings into the coordinate frame of one vision camera, then classifies the pixels into regions according to whether the range camera depth map is trustworthy, and finally refine the depth values for the pixels in the untrustworthy regions. For the last refinement step, both a method based on graph cut optimization and that based on bilateral filtering are examined. Experimental results show that the proposed methods using classification are able to upsample the depth map by a factor of 10 x 10 with much improved depth details, with significantly better accuracy comparing to those without the classification. The improvements are visually perceptible on a 3D auto-stereoscopic display.
Apptopinv User's Guide

The maximum planar subgraph, maximum outerplanar subgraph, the thickness and outerthickness of a graph are all NP-complete optimization problems. Apptopinv is a program that contains different heuristic algorithms for these four problems: algorithms based on Hopcroft-Tarjan planarity testing algorithm, the spanning-tree heuristic and various algorithms based on the cactus-tree heuristic. Apptopinv contains also a simulated annealing algorithm that can be used to improve the solutions obtained from other heuristics. Most of the heuristics have also a greedy version. We have implemented graph generators for complete graphs, complete kpartite graphs, complete hypercubes, random graphs, random maximum planar and outerplanar graphs and random regular graphs. Apptopinv supports three different graph file formats. Apptopinv is written in C++ programming language for Linux-platform and GCC 2.95. 3 compiler. To compile the program, a commercial LEDA algorithm library (version 4.3 or newer) is needed.
Palladium-based intermediate layers for CoCrPt–SiO2 perpendicular recording media

CoCrPt–SiO2 perpendicular recording media containing Pd and Ru based intermediate layers have been studied. A Pd thin film with a face-centered-cubic (fcc)[111] orientation perpendicular to the film plane can induce a Ru hexagonal close packed (hcp) [0002] perpendicular orientation, which can subsequently induce a vertical Co hcp [0002] orientation for the perpendicular recording. It was observed that certain growth control layers (GCLs), such as Ta and CrTi, help in improving the growth of Pd significantly with a fcc[111] orientation perpendicular to the film plane. With the addition of such layers, the full width at half maximum (Δθ50) of the rocking curves was reduced from more than 11° to about 4°. Moreover, with a CrTi GCL, the intermediate layer could be as thin as 15nm. Recording performance of disks with CrTi GCL was better than that of disks with Ta GCL. The results indicate that the identification of a suitable GCL for Pd is a path to reduce the Δθ50 further.
Computing Elliptic Curve $s$ Having Good Reduction Everywhere over Quadratic Fields

has good reduction at every finite place of the ring of integers of $Q(\sqrt{29})$ . Other examples of such elliptic curves are found by several authors (see for example [17] and [5]). The aim of this paper is to give a systematic method to compute all such elliptic curves defined over quadratic number field for a given modular invariant. In other words, we give an algorithm for finding all twists having good reduction everywhere. For the case of rational j-invariants, Setzer ([17, Lemma]) gives some conditions which these twists must satisfy. But his characterization is not easy to use for a practical computation. In this paper, using twists of elliptic curves explicitly, we shall clarify his argument and give a general method that is relevant to explicit computation. Our method mainly involves a computation of quartic fields with given discriminant. As an application, we compute elliptic curves having good reduction everywhere over certain real quadratic fields that have rational or singular j-invariants. Throughout this paper, we use the following notation. For an algebraic number field $K$ , let $K^{*}$ be the multiplicative group of $K$ and $\mathcal{O}_{K}$ the ring of algebraic integers of $K$ . Suppose that $L/K$ is a field extension of finite degree. We denote by $d_{L/K}$ the discriminant of the extension. If the base field $K$ is equal to the field $Q$ of rational numbers, we use $d_{L}$ instead of $d_{L/Q}$ for simplicity. The symbol $N_{L/K}$ stands for the
FERMION AND BOSON BEAM-SPLITTER STATISTICS

Input-output relations are derived for a lossless beam splitter with two input arms and two output arms. The inputs are two-particle states, either fermions or bosons, with both particles in the same arm or one in each of the input arms. The output states are derived for the four distinct two-particle input states. The statistics of the outputs for fermion and boson inputs are compared with each other and with the statistics for classical particles. For input particles in the same arm, the output statistics are the same for all three varieties of particle. For input particles in different arms, the output particle-number variances are reduced for fermions but increased for bosons, while the interarm correlation is increased for fermions but reduced for bosons in comparison to classical particles.
The case for protons powering solar flares

Over the last decade or so, there has been increasing interest over the heretical notion that nonthermal ions (of which protons are the dominant constituent) are far more important than nonthermal electrons in global solar flare phenomena. It is easy to get distracted from the main issue here, which is really one of energetics and material supply. The main issue is not the much narrower problem of whether hard X rays are produced from electrons—of course they are, and in the solar flare situation, I have yet to meet anyone, including myself, who believes otherwise.
eShare+: A Data-Driven Balancing Mechanism for Bike Sharing Systems Considering Both Quality of Service and Maintenance

With the rapid development of sharing economy, we have access to massive sharing systems such as Uber, Airbnb, and bike sharing nowadays. The sharing economy, at its core, is to achieve efficient use of resources. However, the actual usage of shared resources is still unclear to us. Little measurement or analysis, if any, has been conducted to investigate the resource usage patterns with the large-scale data collected from these sharing systems. In this paper, we first analyze the shared bike usage patterns in three typical bike sharing systems based on 140-month multi-event data. From our data-driven analysis, we found that the most used 20% of shared bikes account for 45% of total usage, while the least used 20% of bikes account for less than 1% of usage. To efficiently utilize shared bikes, we propose a usage balancing design called eShare+ to improve the bike sharing systems by considering both the quality of service and bike maintenance, which includes three key components: (i) a statistical model based on archived data to infer historical usage; (ii) an entropy and contextual LSTM-based prediction model with both real-time and archived data to infer future usage; (iii) a model-driven optimal calibration engine for bike selection to dynamically balance usage. We develop an ID swapping-based evaluation methodology to measure the efficiency of eShare+ with data from three large-scale bike sharing systems including 84,000 bikes and 3,300 service stations. Our results show that eShare+ not only fully utilizes shared bikes with efficient maintenance but also improves the quality of service. In addition, eShare+ also has the potential to be applicable to different fleet sizes.