Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cryo‐EM structure of full‐length RAD52 protein contains an undecameric ring

The human RAD52 protein, which forms an oligomeric ring structure, is involved in DNA double‐strand break repair. The N‐terminal half of RAD52 is primarily responsible for self‐oligomerisation and DNA binding. Crystallographic studies have revealed the detailed structure of the N‐terminal half. However, only low‐resolution structures have been reported for the full‐length protein, and thus the structural role of the C‐terminal half in self‐oligomerisation has remained elusive. In this study, we determined the solution structure of the human RAD52 protein by cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM), at an average resolution of 3.5 Å. The structure revealed an undecameric ring that is nearly identical to the crystal structures of the N‐terminal half. The cryo‐EM map for the C‐terminal half was poorly defined, indicating that the region is intrinsically disordered. The present cryo‐EM structure provides important insights into the mechanistic roles played by the N‐terminal and C‐terminal halves of RAD52 during DNA double‐strand break repair.
Amplification of Lipid Peroxidation by Regulating Cell Membrane Unsaturation to Enhance Chemodynamic Therapy.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the most damaging processes in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Although it is well known that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are much more susceptible than saturated or monounsaturated ones to LPO, there is no study exploring the effect of cell membrane unsaturation degree on CDT. Here, we report a self-reinforcing CDT agent (denoted as OA@Fe-SAC@EM NPs), consisting of oleanolic acid (OA)-loaded iron single-atom catalyst (Fe-SAC)-embedded hollow carbon nanosphere encapsulated by erythrocyte membrane (EM), which promotes LPO to improve chemodynamic efficacy via modulating the degree of membrane unsaturation. Upon uptake of OA@Fe-SAC@EM NPs by cancer cells, Fe-SAC-catalyzed conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, in addition to initiating chemodynamic therapeutic process, causes the dissociation of EM shell and the ensuing release of OA that can enrich cellular membranes with PUFAs, enabling LPO amplification-enhanced CDT.
Multi-omics Analysis of the Role of PHGDH in Colon Cancer

Objectives: Serine metabolism is essential for tumor cells. Endogenous serine arises from de novo synthesis pathways. As the rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway, PHGDH is highly expressed in a variety of tumors including colon cancer. Therefore, targeted inhibition of PHGDH is an important strategy for anti-tumor therapy research. However, the specific gene expression and metabolic pathways regulated by PHGDH in colon cancer are still unclear. Our study was aimed to clarified the role of PHGDH in serine metabolism in colon cancer to provide new knowledge for in-depth understanding of serine metabolism and PHGDH function in colon cancer. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the gene expression and metabolic remodeling process of colon cancer cells (SW620) after targeted inhibition of PHGDH by gene transcriptomics and metabolomics. LC-MS analysis was performed in 293T cells to PHGDH gene transcription and protein post-translational modification under depriving exogenous serine. Results: We found that amino acid transporters, amino acid metabolism, lipid synthesis related pathways compensation and other processes are involved in the response process after PHGDH inhibition. And ATF4 mediated the transcriptional expression of PHGDH under exogenous serine deficiency conditions. While LC-MS analysis of post-translational modification revealed that PHGDH produced changes in acetylation sites after serine deprivation that the K289 site was lost, and a new acetylation site K21was produced. Conclusion: Our study performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis by inhibiting PHGDH, thus clarifying the role of PHGDH in gene transcription and metabolism in colon cancer cells. The mechanism of high PHGDH expression in colon cancer cells and the acetylation modification that occurs in PHGDH protein were also clarified by serine deprivation. In our study, the role of PHGDH in serine metabolism in colon cancer was clarified by multi-omics analysis to provide new knowledge for in-depth understanding of serine metabolism and PHGDH function in colon cancer.
The effect of temperature on strain rate sensitivity in a nanocrystalline Ni-Fe alloy

The effect of strain rate on mechanical properties at room temperature (RT) and a cryogenic temperature (77K) was studied in a nanocrystalline Ni–20%Fe alloy (grain size: 22nm). The activation volume, strain rate sensitivity, strain hardening rate, and microstructural changes were also characterized. The results show that this nanocrystalline alloy has a combination of high strength and large plastic strain at both temperatures. At 77K, the strength increased dramatically without a loss in the plasticity. Calculations demonstrate that the effect of temperature on yield strength, activation volume, and strain rate sensitivity is strongly dependent on the grain size. The high strain rate sensitivity and strong yield strength dependence on temperature are due to small activation volumes at fine grain sizes. In addition, at 77K, both the activation volume and strain rate sensitivity exponent decreased significantly. The effect of temperature on the strain hardening capability in this nanograined alloy is oppo.
National Cancer Grid Virtual Tumor Boards of Head and Neck Cancers: An Innovative Approach to Multidisciplinary Care

PURPOSE Virtual tumor board (VTB) via videoconference facility involving multiple specialists in the decision making for various tumors is well accepted, especially in high-income countries. Information on virtual tumor boards for head and neck cancers especially from low- and middle-income countries is sparse. In this study, we have audited the findings of the National Cancer Grid VTBs performed for head and neck cancers. METHODS All patients discussed in the head and neck VTBs at our center between December 2016 and February 2022 were included in the study. Details such as the type of institute sending patients for discussion, its location, subsites within the head and neck region, histopathology, treatment setting or question for the VTB, and availability of guidelines for such patient scenarios were assessed. Also, a survey was sent to assess the usefulness of the VTBs. RESULTS A total of 208 patients were discussed in 54 VTB sessions. The most common head and neck sites discussed in the VTBs were the oral cavity (n = 64, 30.7%) followed by skull base/nose and paranasal sinuses/eyelid-orbit tumors (n = 49, 23.5%). Nonsquamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology discussed; recurrent cancers/residual diseases were the most common treatment settings (n = 134, 64.4%) for which there were no existing guidelines. Survey results showed that most VTB decisions were implementable, and respondents felt that VTBs were a useful educational tool as well. CONCLUSION Our study affirms the feasibility of VTBs in low- and middle-income countries' health care systems for managing uncommon malignancies and clinical situations, which act as an important educational platform.
Fatigue in nurses and medication administration errors: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND Medication administration errors (MAEs) cause preventable patient harm and cost billions of dollars from already-strained healthcare budgets. An emerging factor contributing to these errors is nurse fatigue. Given medication administration is the most frequent clinical task nurses undertake; it is vital to understand how fatigue impacts MAEs. OBJECTIVE Examine the evidence on the effect of fatigue on MAEs and near misses by registered nurses working in hospital settings. METHOD Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework was used to guide this review and PAGER framework for data extraction and analysis. The PRISMA checklist was completed. Four electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria included primary peer review papers published in English Language with no date/time limiters applied. The search was completed in August 2021 and focussed on articles that included: (a) registered nurses in hospital settings, (b) MAEs, (c) measures of sleep, hours of work, or fatigue. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies were included in the review. 82% of the studies identified fatigue to be a contributing factor in MAEs and near misses (NMs). Fatigue is associated with reduced cognitive performance and lack of attention and vigilance. It is associated with poor nursing performance and decreased patient safety. Components of shift work, such as disruption to the circadian rhythm and overtime work, were identified as contributing factors. However, there was marked heterogeneity in strategies for measuring fatigue within the included studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Fatigue is a multidimensional concept that has the capacity to impact nurses' performance when engaged in medication administration. Nurses are susceptible to fatigue due to work characteristics such as nightwork, overtime and the requirement to perform cognitively demanding tasks. The mixed results found within this review indicate that larger scale studies are needed with particular emphasis on the impact of overtime work. Policy around safe working hours need to be re-evaluated and fatigue management systems put in place to ensure delivery of safe and quality patient care.
Somatic embryo initiation by rice BABY BOOM1 involves activation of zygote-expressed auxin biosynthesis genes.

Plant embryogenesis results from the fusion of male and female gametes but can also be induced in somatic cells. The molecular pathways for embryo initiation are poorly understood, especially in monocots. In rice, the male gamete expressed BABY BOOM1 (OsBBM1) transcription factor functions as an embryogenic trigger in the zygote, and can also promote somatic embryogenesis when ectopically expressed in somatic tissues. We used gene editing, transcriptome profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine the molecular players involved in embryo initiation downstream of OsBBM1. We identify OsYUCCA (OsYUC) auxin biosynthesis genes as direct targets of OsBBM1. Unexpectedly, these OsYUC targets in zygotes are expressed only from the maternal genome, whereas the paternal genome exclusively provides functional OsBBM1 to initiate embryogenesis. Induction of somatic embryogenesis by exogenous auxin requires OsBBM genes as well as downstream OsYUC targets. Ectopic OsBBM1 initiates somatic embryogenesis without exogenous auxins but requires functional OsYUC genes. Thus, an OsBBM-OsYUC module is a key player for both somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in rice. Zygotic embryo initiation involves a partnership of male and female genomes, through which paternal OsBBM1 activates maternal OsYUC genes. In somatic embryogenesis, exogenous auxin triggers OsBBM1 expression, which then activates endogenous auxin biosynthesis OsYUC genes.
Surg(ery)ing Towards a Healthcare Revolution: Uptake of Digital Technologies Across Surgical Specialties

The inauguration of digital technology has been earmarked as the fourth industrial revolution. Artificial intelligence (AI) has started to transform the way in which people live. Speech recognition, self-drive cars and predictive search engines are a handful of artificial intelligence applications in everyday life. The potential for these technologies to transform healthcare is huge. The Commission on the Future of Surgery’s report stated that artificial intelligence and digital technologies are “already changing and will continue to change the way surgical care is delivered”, moving towards less invasive, more personalised healthcare. In 2017 the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care commissioned the Topol review. As part of the NHS Long-Term Plan to ensure a sustainable NHS, this outlined recommendations to improve healthcare services, including enabling the workforce to harness innovative technologies and “deliver the digital future”. As such, there is growing consensus that the “digital surgical environment is about to drastically change”.
Results of Phase III Randomized Trial for Use of Docetaxel as a Radiosensitizer in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer, Unsuitable for Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiation

PURPOSE There is a lack of published literature on systemic therapeutic options in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) undergoing chemoradiation. Docetaxel was assessed as a radiosensitizer in this situation. METHODS This was a randomized phase II/III study. Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with LAHNSCC planned for chemoradiation and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and who were cisplatin-ineligible were randomly assigned in 1:1 to either radiation alone or radiation with concurrent docetaxel 15 mg/m2 once weekly for a maximum of seven cycles. The primary end point was 2-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS The study recruited 356 patients between July 2017 and May 2021. The 2-year DFS was 30.3% (95% CI, 23.6 to 37.4) versus 42% (95% CI, 34.6 to 49.2) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.673; 95% CI, 0.521 to 0.868; P value = .002). The corresponding median overall survival (OS) was 15.3 months (95% CI, 13.1 to 22.0) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 32.5), respectively (log-rank P value = .035). The 2-year OS was 41.7% (95% CI, 34.1 to 49.1) versus 50.8% (95% CI, 43.1 to 58.1) in the RT and Docetaxel-RT arms, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.747; 95% CI, 0.569 to 0.980; P value = .035). There was a higher incidence of grade 3 or above mucositis (22.2% v 49.7%; P < .001), odynophagia (33.5% v 52.5%; P < .001), and dysphagia (33% v 49.7%; P = .002) with the addition of docetaxel. CONCLUSION The addition of docetaxel to radiation improved DFS and OS in cisplatin-ineligible patients with LAHNSCC.
Quantitative measurement of sliding friction dynamics at mesoscopic scales: The lateral force apparatus

We describe an apparatus designed to quantitatively measure friction dynamics at the mesoscopic scale. This lateral force apparatus, LFA, uses double parallel leaf springs in leaf-spring units as force transducers and two focus error detection optical heads, optical heads, to measure deflections. The design of the leaf-spring units is new. Normal spring constants are in the range of 20–4000 N/m, and lateral spring constants are 7–1000 N/m. The optical heads combine a 10 nm sensitivity with a useful range of about 100 μm. The proven range of normal forces is 400 nN–150 mN. The leaf-spring units transduce friction and normal forces independently. Absolute values of normal and friction forces are calibrated. Typical errors are less than 10%. The calibration is partly in situ, for the sensitivity of the optical heads, and partly ex situ for the normal and lateral spring constants of the leaf-spring units. There is minimal coupling between the deflection measurements in the lateral and normal directions. This .
Interactions and reversal-field memory in complex magnetic nanowire arrays

Interactions and magnetization reversal of Ni nanowires arrays have been investigated by the ﬁrst order reversal curve (FORC) method. Several series of samples with controlled spatial distribution were considered including simple wires of diﬀerent lengths and diameters (70 nm and 110 nm) and complex wires with single modulated diameter along their length. Subtle features of magnetic interactions are revealed through a quantitative analysis of the local interaction ﬁeld proﬁle distributions obtained from FORC. In addition the FORC analysis indicates that the nanowire systems with a mean diameter of 70 nm appear to be organized in symmetric clusters indicative of a reversal-ﬁeld memory eﬀect.
Influence of the lateral movement on the levitation and guidance force in the high-temperature superconductor maglev system

After the levitation force relaxation was studied for different field-cooling height and working-levitation height, the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) bulk was horizontally moved in the lateral direction above the permanent magnet guideway. Both levitation and guidance force were collected by the measurement system at the same time. It was found that the decay of levitation force is dependent on both the maximum lateral displacement and the movement cycle times, while the guidance force hysteresis curve does not change after the first cycle. This work provided scientific analysis for the HTS maglev system design.
Correlation between a perspective distortion in a S3D content and the visual discomfort perceived

Perspective distortion will occur in stereoscopic 3D (S3D) when the relative disparity between elements generates a depth not in accordance with the relative size of the presented objects. Subjective tests have been conducted using test sequences where shooting parameters are perfectly known and where vergence/accommodation conflict is not predominant. Perspective distortions will occur with some of the sequences, depending on viewing conditions. People were asked to qualify sequences in term of naturalness and visual comfort. Results of test revealed a clear correlation between perspective conflict and visual discomfort perceived. Whatever the shooting condition, parallel or toed-in cameras, results are similar. A factor between depth and perspective can be calculated for each shooting configuration and viewing condition. This factor seems a relevant indicator to evaluate the comfort of S3D content perception. Subjective tests allowed to better understand the link between perspective conflicts and visual comfort. Next, studies will be conducted to extend these tests to cinema conditions were the range of viewing conditions is larger.
Inducing NNC-trees with the R/sup 4/-rule

An NNC-Tree is a decision tree (DT) with each nonterminal node containing a nearest neighbor classifier (NNC). Compared with the conventional axis-parallel DTs (APDTs), the NNC-Trees can be more efficient, because the decision boundary made by an NNC is more complex than an axis-parallel hyperplane. Compared with single-layer NNCs, the NNC-Trees can classify given data in a hierarchical structure that is often useful for many applications. This paper proposes an algorithm for inducing NNC-Trees based on the R/sup 4/-rule, which was proposed by the author for finding the smallest nearest neighbor based multilayer perceptrons (NN-MLPs). There are mainly two contributions here. 1) A heuristic but effective method is given to define the teacher signals (group labels) for the data assigned to each nonterminal node. 2) The R/sup 4/-rule is modified so that an NNC with proper size can be designed automatically in each nonterminal node. Experiments with several public databases show that the proposed algorithm can produce NNC-Trees effectively and efficiently.
Convex‐Concave Resonators for TEM00 Operation of Solid‐State Ion Lasers

Optical resonators with one convex and one concave mirror offer significant advantages for TEM00 mode operation of solid‐state lasers. High efficiency and low sensitivity to perturbations and compactness have been obtained in comparison to other resonator types. The resonators described are characterized by a stability product equal to one‐half, with one g parameter greater than unity. An equivalent resonator incorporating an intracavity lens is also described which offers a focused light beam of a selected radius useful for intracavity modulation or nonlinear effects. Experimental results are given for continuously pumped Nd: YAG lasers.
Nonplanar solitons in a degenerate multi-species plasma

The nonlinear propagation of cylindrical and spherical positron-acoustic solitary waves (PASWs) in an unmagnetized, collisionless, relativistic, degenerate plasma system that consists of nonrelativistic inertial cold positrons, relativistic degenerate electron and hot positron fluids, and positively-charged immobile ions has been investigated theoretically. By using a reductive perturbation technique, we derive the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) equation. The solitary wave solution has been numerically analyzed to comprehend the localized electrostatic disturbances. We observed that the effects of the degenerate pressure, relativity, and the number densities of inertial cold positrons, hot positrons, electrons, and positively-charged static ions notably modify the fundamental features of the cylindrical and the spherical PASWs. The implications of our results for dense plasmas in astrophysical compact objects (e.g., non-rotating white dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.) are briefly discussed.
Fluorescence of an organic-dye thin film by interaction with individual slow highly charged ions

Fluorescence of an organic-dye thin film induced by the impact of individual slow iodine highly charged ions (HCIs) has been investigated for a wide range of charge states $q$ from 30 (V-like ion) to 52 (H-like ion). Combined analysis of emission yields of the visible and x-ray photons reveal that $L$ Auger electrons emitted in the neutralization process of the HCI play an important role in the electronic excitation of the target. It is also noted that, contrary to the energy dissipation of $L$ Auger electrons, x rays carry away a large fraction of the potential energy of a HCI with higher $q$ than the Ne-like ion.
Frequency Doubling in Visual Responses

This paper reports an unexpected visual phenomenon. When a wide, photopic stimulus field is sinusoidally modulated in both space and time, over a certain frequency range the apparent spatial frequency of the stimulus is doubled. In its original form, the (deLange) flicker-fusion model which has been accepted by the author and others cannot account for this result. But it can be explained by assuming that there is a second (low-pass) filtering operation which follows the nonlinear (brightness) response of the visual system, rather than preceding it. If this hypothesis is correct, then the frequency-doubling effect is the result of neural mechanisms which are more central than the locus of flicker fusion.
The representation of two-dimensional sequences as one-dimensional sequences

A number of signal processing techniques which have been developed for processing one-dimensional sequences do not generalize to the processing of two-dimensional signals, largely due to the absence of a two-dimensional factorization theorem. In an attempt to circumvent this problem, a specific representation of two-dimensional sequences as one-dimensional sequences is presented in this paper. Using this mapping several two-dimensional problems can be viewed as one-dimensional problems and approached using one-dimensional techniques. This representation is valid both for signals of finite extent and for the more general class of signals with rational Z-transforms. In this paper we consider applications of these techniques for high speed convolution, processing of drum scans, and two-dimensional finite impulse response (FIR) filter design.
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF A BEAM WITH AN ARBITRARY NUMBER OF CRACKS

In this article a new technique is proposed for calculating natural frequencies of a vibrating beam with an arbitrary finite number of transverse open cracks. The main feature of this method is related to decreasing the dimension of the matrix involved in the calculation, so that reduced computation time is required for evaluating natural frequencies compared to alternative methods which also make use of a continuous model of the beam.