Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inverse Schultertotalendoprothetik

Zusammenfassung Diese Fallvorstellung berichtet über einen 80-jährigen Patienten mit einer Defektarthropathie des linken Schultergelenks. Bei Pseudoparalyse des Gelenks wurde die Implantation einer inversen Schulterprothese geplant. In der Vorbereitung der Operation fielen seit Jahren bestehende Hautrötungen und Effloreszenzen des Hautmantels des zu operierenden Schultergelenks auf, die verdächtigt wurden, mit einer Borreliose in Verbindung zu stehen. Aufgrund des unklaren Hautbefundes wurde zunächst eine Arthroskopie des Schultergelenks durchgeführt. Diese erbrachte keinerlei Keim- oder Borreliennachweis. Es erfolgte die Implantation der inversen Schultertotalendoprothese, die drei Monate postoperativ bereits eine deutliche Bewegungsverbesserung und Schmerzlinderung erzielte. Die Hautveränderungen bildeten sich postoperativ komplett zurück, was die initiale Diagnose infrage stellte. Die Funktionsverbesserung nach Implantation des Gelenkersatzes unterstreicht die in der Literatur beschriebenen guten Behandlungsergebnisse nach Implantation inverser Schulterprothesen bei Defektarthropathie des Schultergelenks.
Angeborenes und erworbenes von-Willebrand-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Das von-Willebrand-Syndrom (VWS) ist bekannt für seine ausgesprochene Heterogenität, die sich in der klinischen Symptomatik wie in der Pathophysiologie ausdrückt. Grundlage der phänotypischen Differenzierung sind quantitative und qualitative Unterschiede des von-Willebrand- Faktors sowie seine multimere Struktur. Es werden die klinisch wichtigsten Daten zur Diagnostik und Therapie des angeborenen und erworbenen VWS dargestellt.
Psychische Komorbidität bei der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Psychische Erkrankungen wie Depression und Angst beginnen häufig im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter. Heranwachsende mit einer chronischen rheumatischen Erkrankung haben hierfür ein besonderes Risiko. In Untersuchungen zur psychischen Gesundheit gaben in der Regel über 10 % der Jugendlichen mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (JIA) depressive Symptome an. Die frühzeitige Erkennung von psychischen Belastungen ist notwendig, um Betroffenen rechtzeitig adäquate Unterstützung anbieten zu können. Geschieht das nicht, werden Möglichkeiten, die Langzeitprognose und Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zu verbessern, verpasst. Psychische Störungen werden in der klinischen Praxis oft nur am Rande berücksichtigt. Wie groß das Problem unter den bundesweit kinder- und jugendrheumatologisch betreuten Patienten mit JIA ist, wird in diesem Jahr im Rahmen des interdisziplinären Forschungsverbundes COACH untersucht.
Tödliche Ambivalenz

Korrespondenzadresse Prof. Dr. Dr. Manfred Spitzer Universitätsklinikum Ulm Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III Leimgrubenweg 12, 89075 Ulm Wenn in der Psychiatrie von Ambivalenz die Rede ist, dann ist das „dritte A“ von Eugen Bleulers „famous 4 A“ die erste Assoziation: Seine über ein Jahrhundert alte Charakterisierung der Krankheit Schizophrenie beinhaltet neben Störungen im Bereich des Denkens (Assoziationsstörungen), des Gefühls (Affektstörungen) und des Sozialverhaltens (Autismus) auch Störungen im Bereich des Wollens als wesentliches Merkmal (1, 2): Die Patienten wissen nicht, was sie wollen, und wollen daher dieses und fünf Sekunden später jenes und weitere fünf Sekunden später das Gegenteil von beidem. Unerfahrene junge Assistenzärzte kann dies zur Verzweiflung treiben, denn mit Stimmen oder bösen Verfolgern wird man fertig, mit einem Patienten, der sich auf nichts wirklich einlassen kann, weil sein „natürlicher Wille“ sich alle paar Sekunden ändert, nicht. Ähnlich wie die Bezeichnung „Schizophrenie“1 selbst oder das vierte A (Autismus2) ist jedoch auch das dritte A eine Fehlbezeichnung: Ambivalenz deutet auf einen Konflikt zweier Werte hin, wohingegen die „Willensschwäche“ der schizophrenen Patienten eher auf ein Defizit verweist. Daher werden ja auch eher die Bezeichnungen Anhedonie und Abulie zur Bezeichnung der Dysfunktion schizophrener Patienten im Bereich des Voluntativen bzw. Motivationalen verwendet. Die Vorsilbe „a(n)“ meint das Fehlen von etwas, das normalerweise da ist. Ambivalenz ist etwas anderes: Wenn ich zu etwas oder jemandem eine ambivalente Einstellung habe, dann geht es mal um positive und mal um negative Gefühle und Gedanken. Mehr Ambivalenz ist damit weder mehr positiv noch mehr negativ, sondern mehr von beidem, also mehr „Wechselbad“. Dies wiederum ist gleichbedeutend mit weniger Sicherheit bzw. – bei Ambivalenz in Beziehungen – weniger Vertrauen. Und dies bedeutet nichts anderes als: mehr Stress (21).
Glomerulonephritis

Zusammenfassung Glomerulonephritiden sind relativ seltene Erkrankungen im Kindesalter, die resultierenden chronischen glomerulären Veränderungen führen jedoch dazu, dass in Deutschland jedes fünfte Kind mit chronischem Nierenersatzverfahren eine Glomerulonephritis als Grunderkrankung hat. Glomerulonephritiden manifestieren sich in dieser Altersgruppe überwiegend als akute Erkrankungen. Auch rapid progressive Verläufe mit plötzlicher Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion sind bekannt, während schleichende Verläufe mit chronischer Hämaturie und/oder Proteinurie wesentlich seltener beobachtet werden. Die Langzeitprognose hängt stark von der rechtzeitigen Diagnosestellung und gezielten Behandlung ab. Deshalb sollte jeder Kinderarzt die klinischen Zeichen einer möglichen Glomerulonephritis kennen und die notwendigen diagnostischen Maßnahmen einleiten. Die rationale Diagnostik und die Besonderheiten typischer, im Kindesalter auftretender Glomerulonephritisformen werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Da die glomeruläre Entzündungsreaktion überwiegend immunologisch bedingt ist, besteht die Therapie neben symptomatischen auch aus immunsuppressiven Maßnahmen. Die Art der Behandlung ist jedoch von den in der Nierenbiopsie festgestellten spezifischen Veränderungen abhängig. Die kindernephrologische Mitbetreuung der betroffenen Kinder ist nicht nur bei chronischen Systemerkrankungen, sondern auch nach akuten Glomerulonephritiden notwendig.
Evaluation of hybrid PET/CT gastrography in gastric cancer

Summary Aim: With the recent advances in multidetector-row CT, a fusion of functional PET with three dimensional (3D) CT gastrography may provide enhanced diagnostic capability and help surgeons during preoperative planning. The diagnostic value of hybrid PET/CT gastrography was compared with that of conventional PET/CT alone in gastric cancer staging. Patients, methods: Patients with gastric cancer (n = 101) confirmed by endoscopic biopsy specimens underwent conventional PET/CT and regional PET with contrast enhanced CT, followed by gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy at our institution from November 2007 to November 2008. These images were fused into a hybrid PET/CT gastrography using the cardiac IQ fusion software. Conventional PET/CT and hybrid PET/ CT gastrography were evaluated for staging of gastric cancer. After gastrectomy, these were compared with pathologic reports respectively. Results: Gastric cancer was diagnosed as 50 early gastric cancer (EGC) and 51 advanced gastric cancer (AGC) on pathologic examination. In EGC, hybrid PET/CT gastrography and PET/CT identified 36 (72%) and 7 (14%) tumours, respectively. Hybrid PET/CT gastrography correctly delineated the subtype of 25 EGC. In AGC, all 51 (100%) tumours were identified on the hybrid PET/CT gastrography compared to 39 (76.5%) tumours on PET/CT. Hybrid PET/CT gastrography correctly classified the morphology of 42 AGC using the Bormann classification. Additionally, depth of invasion was correctly presented in 38 of 51 AGC. Hybrid PET/CT gastrography for regional lymph node (LN) metastasis in the EGC and AGC showed the sensitivity of 75% and 83.9%, and specificity 90.5% and 55%, respectively. Conclusion: Hybrid PET/CT gastrography is the more intuitive and comprehensive method for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer than conventional PET/CT.
Finite Difference Methods for 3D Viscous Incompressible Flows in the Vorticity-Vector Potential Formulation on Nonstaggered Grids

Simple, efficient, and accurate finite difference methods are introduced for 3D unsteady viscous incompressible flows in the vorticity? vector potential formulation on nonstaggered grids. Two different types of methods are discussed. They differ in the implementation of the normal component of the vorticity boundary condition and consequently the enforcement of the divergence free condition for vorticity. Both second-order and fourth-order accurate schemes are developed. A detailed accuracy test is performed, revealing the structure of the error and the effect of how the convective terms are discretized near the boundary. The influence of the divergence free condition for vorticity to the overall accuracy is studied. Results on the cubic driven cavity flow at Reynolds number 500 and 3200 are shown and compared with that of the MAC scheme.
Embedded application of fractional order control

A practical closed loop fractional order control application is presented. A fractional order PID (FOPID) controller has been designed for a DC motor and the determined controller implemented in real-time on an embedded system. The implementation aspects on the embedded control system are described. In addition, a simple implementation approach for a FOPID controller is presented.
Regularized edge-preserving subband coding scheme

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for edge preserving image compression technique based on the wavelet transform and iterative constrained least square regularization approach. This approach treats image reconstructed from lossy image compression as the process of image restoration. It utilizes the edge information detected from the source image as a priori knowledge for the subsequent reconstruction In order to compromise the overall bit rate incurred by the additional edge information, a simple vector quantization scheme is proposed to classify the edge bit-planes pattern into a number of binary codevectors. The experiment showed that the proposed approach could definitely prove both objective and subjective quality of the reconstructed image by recovering more image details and edges.
Stigmatisierende Einstellungen zur Adipositas in der deutschen BevÃ¶lkerung-Ergebnisse einer reprÃ¤sentativen Surveyuntersuchung

Zusammenfassung Ziel: Die Verbreitung stigmatisierender Einstellungen zur Adipositas in der Bevölkerung und die damit assoziierten psychologischen und soziodemografischen Determinanten zu bestimmen. Methoden: In einer repräsentativen Surveyuntersuchung (n = 1000) wurden stigmatisierende Einstellungen zur Adipositas, Kausalattributionen, das Verständnis der Adipositas als Krankheit, Einschätzungen zu Prävalenz, Signifikanz und Chronizität der Adipositas und soziodemografische Merkmale erhoben. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt zeigten 23,5 % der Befragten stigmatisierende Einstellungen, 21,5 % nicht und 55,0 % waren unentschieden. Prädiktoren für mehr Stigmatisierung waren Kausalattributionen auf das individuelle Verhalten, ein geringerer Bildungsstand und ein höheres Lebensalter. Kausalattributionen auf genetische Faktoren oder das Verständnis der Adipositas als Krankheit prädizierten dagegen ein geringeres Maß an Stigmatisierung. Diskussion: Stigmatisierende Einstellungen zur Adipositas sind in der Bevölkerung verbreitet. Informationen zu Ätiologie und klinischer Relevanz der Adipositas könnten Ansatzpunkte für Stigmareduktion darstellen.
Linear Programming in Reflexive Spaces

This paper is a survey of the principal results in the theory of linear programming in reflexive linear topological spaces. We begin with a brief review of the significant results for ordinary linear programming in Euclidean space. With this as a basis for comparison, for the general case we present a complete and self-contained account of three topics: (a) the classification scheme relating the properties of primal and dual programs, (b) the duality theory relevant to the problem of duality gaps between solutions of primal and dual programs, and (c) a “marginal cost” interpretation of solutions to the dual program.
On the diffusive instability of some simple steady magnetohydrodynamic flows

The stability characteristics of some simple steady magnetohydrodynamic flows within an axisymmetric container of arbitrary electrical conductivity are investigated. Attention is focused upon rapidly rotating fluids in which the unperturbed velocity and magnetic field are axially symmetric and purely zonal. Detailed solutions are obtained for the particularly simple basic state representing a rigidly rotating homogeneous fluid with a uniform axial current. The theory of dynamic (dissipationless) instabilities is reviewed and its shortcomings are elucidated. A stability criterion is derived for an inviscid fluid of small electrical conductivity within a perfectly conducting axisymmetric container and it is shown that a certain class of inertial modes is unstable for any non-zero magnetic field strength. When the effects of container conductivity are included it is found that a class of slow modes with westward phase speed may be unstable. These modes are shown to be unstable within a cylinder but appear to be stable within a sphere. The influence of density gradients within a spherical container is investigated and it is found that for a certain class of exceptional slow modes with westward phase speed, a bottom-heavy density gradient is destabilizing. This surprising behaviour is explained in terms of a new branch of the stability curve developed by Eltayeb & Kumar (1977).
Global stability of base and mean flows: a general approach and its applications to cylinder and open cavity flows

This article deals with the first Hopf bifurcation of a cylinder flow, and more particularly with the properties of the unsteady periodic Kármán vortex street regime that sets in for supercritical Reynolds numbers Re > 46. Barkley (Europhys. Lett. vol.75, 2006, p. 750) has recently studied the linear properties of the associated mean flow, i.e. the flow which is obtained by a time average of this unsteady periodic flow. He observed, thanks to a global mode analysis, that the mean flow is marginally stable and that the eigenfrequencies associated with the global modes of the mean flow fit the Strouhal to Reynolds experimental function well in the range 46 < Re < 180. The aim of this article is to give a theoretical proof of this result near the bifurcation. For this, we do a global weakly nonlinear analysis valid in the vicinity of the critical Reynolds number Rec based on the small parameter ε = Rec−1 − Re−1 ≪ 1. We compute numerically the complex constants λ and μ′ which appear in the Stuart-Landau amplitude equation: dA/dt = ε λA − εμ′ A|A|2. Here A is the scalar complex amplitude of the critical global mode. By analysing carefully the nonlinear interactions yielding the term μ′, we show for the cylinder flow that the mean flow is approximately marginally stable and that the linear dynamics of the mean flow yields the frequency of the saturated Stuart-Landau limit cycle. We will finally show that these results are not general, by studying the case of the bifurcation of an open cavity flow. In particular, we show that the mean flow in this case remains strongly unstable and that the frequencies associated with the eigenmodes do not exactly match those of the nonlinear unsteady periodic cavity flow. It will be demonstrated that two precise conditions must hold for a linear stability analysis of a mean flow to be relevant and useful.
Magnetic Interaction: A Transequatorial Jet and Interconnecting Loops

We present, to our knowledge for the first time, a rare observation of direct magnetic interaction between a transequatorial jet and interconnecting loops (IL) in the southern hemisphere. The jet originated from a flare and appeared to move outward along open field lines, but it passed so close to the IL that its edge met with one of the IL ends. As a result, the IL began to erupt, weak brightenings appeared at the meeting site, and a nearby dark feature was disturbed. After the eruption, in addition to a looplike dimming due to the disappearance of the IL, a dimming region was formed around its another end, which was very probably caused by the expansion or opening of its field lines and represented its evacuated feet. Two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were observed within 2 hr in association with the event. One was related to the flare and the jet, while the other was due to the IL eruption. These observations suggest that a sole flare can not only trigger a CME but also simultaneously trigger an IL eruption by means of its interaction with a jet, so can lead to two interdependent CMEs, i.e., a sympathetic CME pair physically connected by the jet/IL interaction.
Dosimetrische Grundlagen für die endovaskuläre Therapie mit Re-188 zur Prävention der Restenose nach Angioplastie Dosimetrie Fundamentals of Endovascular Brachytherapy Using Re-188 to Prevent Restenosis after Angioplasty

Ziel: Für die endovaskuläre Brachytherapie stehen unterschiedliche Radionuklide zur Verfügung. Ein interessantes Konzept ist die Nutzung eines flüssigen Betastrahlers in einem Ballonkatheter. Re-188 kann aus einem Generatorsystem gewonnen werden und steht somit täglich zur Verfügung. Es sollten dosimetrische Daten erhoben werden. Methode: Es wurde die radiale Abnahme der Dosis von Re-188 bei einem typischen Dilatationskatheter (Durchmesser 3 mm, Länge 20 mm) berech- net und mit TLD-Messungen verglichen. Ergebnisse: Bei einer spezifischen Aktivität von 370 MBq/ml konnten 0,3 Gy pro 1 min in 0,5 mm Abstand von der Ballonwand gemessen werden. Doppelmessungen wiesen eine Abweichung von 3% auf. Ein schneller
Vergleich der biologischen Strahlenwirkung des β--Emitters 186Re mit 662 keV Photonenstrahlung auf die humane B-Zelllinie BV-173

Abstract Aim Aim of the study was to determine the effects of the β--emitter 186Re and 662 keV photon radiation in order to compare the biological effects of low dose rate (186Re) to high dose rate irradiation. Methods Prae-B-lymphocytes were exposed to 662 keV photon radiation or incubated with a liquid solution of 186Re. Cell count and viability were compared over the observation period of seven days, survival curves constructed and analysed at time of lowest cell-viability. Results Biphasic cell survival curves resulted for both radiation types. Survival curves were obtained at 24 h for photon radiation and 72 h for 186Re. The biphasic survival curve after photon radiation exposure can be explained by radiation hypersensitivity at doses below 1 Gy resulting in a D0 of 3.3 Gy. Doses exceeding 1.0 Gy showed a D0 of 10 Gy. The biphasic survival curve in case of 186Re incubation represents repair of sub lethal damage in the first section of the curve (D0 11.1 Gy) – in this case, biological effects of the β--emitter are attenuated by repair. Beyond an accumulated dose of 1.6 Gy, 186Re showed a steeper slope with a D0 of 4 Gy, corresponding to 2.5 times higher biological effects compared to acute photon irradiation (10 Gy). Conclusion Low dose rate radiation resulted in low biological effects at low doses. There is a threshold of accumulated dose above which biological effects of 186Re-incubation exceed those of photon irradiation.
Elastic wave attenuation in rocks containing fluids

The low‐frequency limit of Biot’s theory of fluid‐saturated porous media predicts that the coefficients for viscous attenuation of shear waves and of the fast compressional wave are proportional to the fluid permeability. Although the observed attenuation is generally in qualitative agreement with the theory, the magnitude of the observed attenuation coefficient in rocks is often more than an order of magnitude higher than expected. This apparent dilemma can be resolved without invoking other attenuation mechanisms if the intrinsic permeability of the rock is inhomogeneous and varies widely in magnitude. A simple calculation of the overall behavior of a layered porous material using local‐flow Biot theory shows that the effective permeability for attenuation is the mean of the constituent permeabilities while the effective permeability for fluid flow is the harmonic mean. When the range of variation in the local permeability is one or more orders of magnitude, this difference in averaging method can easil.
Stunning in der Radioiodtherapie benigner SchilddrÃ1⁄4senerkrankungen: Effektquantifizierung und therapeutische Relevanz

In radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease, a reduction of radioiodine uptake is known for consecutive administrations of 131I, which needs to be considered in therapy planning. Aim: Analysis of uptake reduction with regard on the time interval between radioiodine administration and the delivered dose to the thyroid tissue. Patients, methods: 200 patients were enrolled in the study and distributed into two groups (matched for diagnoses), each containing 32 patients with Graves’ disease (target dose 250 Gy), 24 with focal (400 Gy), 44 with disseminated thyroid autonomy (150 Gy). In one group, a second fraction of radioiodine was given after 48 h (2d) due to an unexpected low radioiodine uptake or effective half-life, whereas in the other group the second fraction was given after 96 h (4d). Results: There was no significant difference between delivered doses due to the first fraction after four days: 2d: 86 ± 48 Gy (extrapolated) vs. 4d: 87 ± 41 Gy, p > 0.05. In 2d, delivered dose at time of second administration was significantly lower (51 ± 29 Gy) than in 4d (p < 0.01). The radioiodine uptake of the second fraction relative to the initial uptake was significantly lower in the 4d (4d: 63 ± 25% vs. 2d: 82 ± 24%, p < 0.01). In addition, a correlation between uptake reduction and delivered dose and an influence of the time interval between radioiodine administrations could be shown. Conclusions: Relative uptake of subsequent radioiodine fractions decreases with time after first administration and with increasing delivered dose to the thyroid. If a second fraction of 131I is given at an earlier time, the same therapeutic effect can be reached using lower amounts of activity, minimising radiation exposure and increasing efficiency of radioiodine therapy.
Hard beta and gamma emissions of 124 I Impact on occupational dose in PET/CT

Aim: The hard beta and gamma radiation of I can cause high doses to PET/CT workers. In this study we tried to quantify this occupational exposure and to optimize radioprotection. Methods: Thin MCP-Ns thermoluminescent dosimeters suitable for measuring beta and gamma radiation were used for extremity dosimetry, active personal dosimeters for whole-body dosimetry. Extremity doses were determined during dispensing of I and oral administration of the activity to the patient, the body dose during all phases of the PET/CT procedure. In addition, dose rates of vials and syringes as used in clinical practice were measured. The procedure for dispensing I was optimized using newly developed shielding. Results: Skin dose rates up to 100 mSv/ min were measured when in contact with the manufacturer's vial containing 370 MBq of
Thermodynamic stable site for interstitial solute (N or O) in bcc refractory metals (Mo and Nb) using density functional theory

Solute atom(s) residence mechanism causes instability in body-centred cubic (bcc) refractory metals. Earlier studies have considered the mechanism of oxygen (O) or carbon (C) in tungsten (W), even though nitrogen (N) has the highest percentage in the environment. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the thermodynamic stable site for an interstitial solute (N or O) in the bcc refractory metals (Mo and Nb) by calculating the equilibrium and structural parameters, dissolution energetics, and volumetric strain. The dissolution mechanism of all the relaxed solid solution structures was predicted to be an exothermic reaction from the supersaturated cell to the low concentration (1.82 at.%) except for Mo–N. Also, a convergence of volumetric strain was observed at this low concentration. Finally, Mo–N and Mo–O had a less measure of global stress (less distortion) at the octahedral (o) site, while that of Nb–N and Nb–O were at the tetrahedral (t) site.