Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Linear Regression with Covariate Measurement Errors: Inference and Scalable Computation in a Functional Modeling Approach

Abstract For spatial linear models, the classical maximum-likelihood estimators of both regression coefficients and variance components can be biased when the covariates are measured with errors. This work introduces a theoretically backed-up estimation framework for the spatial linear errors-in-variables model in a functional approach. Compared with the structural models, the functional approach treats the unobserved true covariates as fixed unknown parameters without imposing additional structures, thus leading to more robust parameter inference. Our model parameters are estimated simultaneously based on a set of unbiased estimating equations. Under some regularity conditions, we prove the consistency of the proposed estimating-equation estimators and derive their asymptotic distribution. In addition, a consistent variance estimator is developed for the estimating-equation estimators. To handle large spatial datasets, we provide two approaches to obtain scalable estimations based on our proposed estimating equations, where the required computational time and storage are reduced to be linear with sample size for each estimating-function evaluation. Simulation studies under different settings show that our estimators are consistent and the scalable algorithms work well. Finally, the proposed method is applied to studying the relationship between Arctic sea ice and related geophysical variables. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Calcium-dependent protein kinase CDPK16 phosphorylates serine-856 of glutamate receptor-like GLR3.6 protein leading to salt-responsive root growth in Arabidopsis#

Calcium-permeable channels in the plasma membrane play vital roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. Arabidopsis possesses 20 glutamate receptor-like proteins that share similarities with animal ionotropic glutamate receptors and mediate Ca2+ influx in plants. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) phosphorylate serine (Ser)-860 of glutamate receptor-like (GLR)3.7 protein, which interacts with 14-3-3ω and plays an essential role in salt and abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis by modulating Ca2+ signaling. However, the significance of CDPK- mediated phosphorylation status of Ser residues of GLR3.6 with regard to the functioning of GLR3.6 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we performed an in vitro kinase assay using CDPK16 and peptides containing the 14-3-3ω interacting domain of GLR3.6. We showed that Ser861/862 of GLR3.6 are required for the interaction with 14-3-3ω and that Ser856 of GLR3.6 is specifically phosphorylated by CDPK16 but not by CDPK3 and CDPK34. In addition, the expression of GLR3.6 was quickly downregulated by salt stress, and plants of glr3.6 mutants and GLR3.6-overexpression lines presented shorter and longer root lengths, respectively, under normal growth conditions than Col. Overexpression of the GLR3.6-Ser856 to Ala mutation resulted in a less sensitive phenotype in response to salt stress similar to glr3.6. Our results indicated that the Ser861/862 residues of GLR3.6 are required for interaction with 14-3-3ω. Additionally, the phosphorylation status of Ser856 residue of GLR3.6, which is mediated specifically by CDPK16, regulates root growth in normal and salt stress and conditions.
A feasibility, safety, and efficacy evaluation of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise for patients with glioblastoma undertaking adjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Abstract Background While therapeutically effective, chemoradiotherapy treatment for high-grade glioma (glioblastoma) is often accompanied by side effects. Exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate the adverse effects of such treatments in other cancers. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of supervised exercise incorporating autoregulation. Methods Thirty glioblastoma patients were recruited, five declined exercise and 25 were provided with a multimodal exercise intervention for the duration of their chemoradiotherapy treatment. Patient recruitment, retention, adherence to training sessions and safety were evaluated throughout the study. Physical function, body composition, fatigue, sleep quality, and quality of life were evaluated before and after the exercise intervention. Results Eight of the 25 participants commencing exercise withdrew prior to completion of the study (32%). Seventeen patients (68%) demonstrated low to high adherence (33%–100%) and exercise dosage compliance (24%–83%). There were no reported adverse events. Significant improvements were observed for all trained exercises and lower limb muscle strength and function with no significant changes observed for any other physical function, body composition, fatigue, sleep, or quality of life outcomes. Conclusions Only half of glioblastoma patients recruited were willing or able to commence, complete or meet minimum dose compliance for the exercise intervention during chemoradiotherapy indicating the intervention evaluated may not be feasible for part of this patient cohort. For those who were able to complete the exercise program, supervised, autoregulated, multimodal exercise was safe and significantly improved strength and function and may have prevented deterioration in body composition and quality of life.
Public Opinion Evolution in Cyberspace: A Case Analysis of Pelosi’s Visit to Taiwan

The dynamics of public opinion on social media affects people’s feeling and minds about international affairs and leads to the reconstruction of societal states for international conflicts. In this article, we analyze the topics’ evolution on social media during the Pelosi visit. Such kind of analysis should help the related departments sense and beware the situation effectively and efficiently, and may provide technical supports for proper policy making and responses. To facilitate this purpose, a new method is proposed and an abbreviated large-graph clustering (ALGC) algorithm has been designed to generate documents and topic representation for alleviating the overhead of high computational complexity of large graphs by reducing the dimensionality of the attention matrix and adjacency matrix. The evolution pattern of topics is also analyzed in and between different time periods. Experiment results show that the proposed method performs well, achieving a high clustering accuracy with lower computational cost. The dataset used in this article is also released for public analysis.
Capacitive Detection of Insulin Antibody enhanced by AC Electrothermal mixing

Capacitive immunosensors present a useful tool for non-invasive and label-free biosensing. Readily integrable with microfluidic platforms, interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrays can be specifically functionalized to detect antibody/antigen surface binding events. Here, AC electrokinetics are used to enhance target binding to overcome long incubation times and diffusion limited miniaturization. This represents the first application of ACET enhancement for human hormone detection to be used in modeling diabetes.
A New Control Scheme for the Buck Converter

In this paper, a new control scheme for buck converters was proposed. The buck converter utilizes the dual control loop to improve transient response and has the constant switching frequency. The control scheme is mainly as follows: (a) The switch-ON time is regulated by the constant frequency mechanism. (b) The switch-OFF time is regulated by the output voltage. The spec/features of the proposed converter are listed as: (1) The buck converter has an output of 1.0–2.5 V for the input of 3.0–3.6 V. The load current ranges from 100 mA to 500 mA. (2) The actual current sensor is not required. (3) The simulation results show that the recovery time is less than 1.6 μs during load changes. (4) The variation in switching frequency is smaller than 1.05% over the output range of 1.0–2.5 V. (5) This circuit can be fabricated in future by UMC 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS processes. This paper depicts the control scheme, theoretical analysis, and implementation.
Effect of transitional care on self-management ability and negative emotion of discharged patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with 131I Therapy

： Objective To analyze the effect of transitional care on the self - management abili⁃ ty and negative emotion of discharged patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with 131 I therapy. Methods A total of 120 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with 131 I thera⁃ py were selected. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention （ n = 60 ） or control group （ n = 60 ） . The control group was given routine nursing care ， and the intervention group re⁃ ceived transitional care based on routine nursing care. The self - management ability and negative emotions of the two groups of patients after intervention were compared. Results After interven⁃ tion ， the total score of self - management ability in the intervention group （ 9 . 00 ± 0 . 78 ） was sig⁃ nificantly higher than that in the control group （ 6 . 52 ± 0 . 77 ）， and the difference was statistically significant （ t = 24 . 877 ， P < 0 . 01 ） . After intervention ， the Self - Rating Anxiety Scale and Self - Rating Depression Scale scores of the intervention group were lower than those of the control group ， with a significant difference （ P < 0 . 01 ） . Conclusion Transitional care could effectively improve the self - management ability and relieve negative emotions of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with 131 I therapy.
A highly processable metallic glass: Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5

We report on the properties of one example of a new family of metallic alloys which exhibit excellent glass forming ability. The critical cooling rate to retain the glassy phase is of the order of 10 K/s or less. Large samples in the form of rods ranging up to 14 mm in diameter have been prepared by casting in silica containers. The undercooled liquid alloy has been studied over a wide range of temperatures between the glass transition temperature and the thermodynamic melting point of the equilibrium crystalline alloy using scanning calorimetry. Crystallization of the material has been studied. Some characteristic properties of the new material are presented. The origins of exceptional glass forming ability of these new alloys are discussed.
Duality for a sum of convex ratios

Fractional programming models involving a function plus a ratio or a sum of ratios are considerably more difficult to deal with than a single ratio, since the result is generally nonconvex. In this paper, we consider a particular form of this problem which is convex and for which a duality theory can be derived. Explicit form of the dual is given in terms of conjugate transforms. Several particular cases are developed in detail.
Solving fully fuzzy multiple objective linear programming problems: A new perspective

In this paper a systematic process has been proposed to solve a fully fuzzy multi objective linear programming problem (FFMOLPP). Using the utility vector the MOLPP is transferred to a single objective programming and this single fuzzy object problem is simply solved by one of the fuzzy approaches.A numerical example is then given to show applicability of the proposed approach.
The Role of Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitor PP242 (Torkinib) in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that has physical and psychological consequences for patients. SCI is accompanied by scar formation and systemic inflammatory response leading to an intense degree of functional loss. The catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an active compound found in green tea, holds neuroprotective features and is known for its anti-inflammatory potential. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that exists in two functionally distinct complexes termed mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1; mTORC2). Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin causes neuroprotection, leading to partial recovery from SCI. In this study the effects of EGCG, PP242 (an inhibitor of both complexes of mTOR), and a combination of EGCG and PP242 in SCI have been examined. It has been found that both EGCG and PP242 significantly improved sensory/motor functions following SCI. However, EGCG appeared to be more effective (BBB motor test, from 2 to 8 weeks after SCI, p = 0.019, p = 0.007, p = 0.006, p = 0.006, p = 0.05, p = 0.006, and p = 0.003, respectively). The only exception was the Von Frey test, where EGCG was ineffective, while mTOR inhibition by PP242, as well as PP242 in combination with EGCG, significantly reduced withdrawal latency starting from week three (combinatorial therapy (EGCG + PP242) vs. control at 3, 5, and 7 weeks, p = 0.011, p = 0.007, and p = 0.05, respectively). It has been found that EGCG was as effective as PP242 in suppressing mTOR signaling pathways, as evidenced by a reduction in phosphorylated S6 expression (PP242 (t-test, p < 0.0001) or EGCG (t-test, p = 0.0002)). These results demonstrate that EGCG and PP242 effectively suppress mTOR pathways, resulting in recovery from SCI in rats, and that EGCG acts via suppressing mTOR pathways.
A Quantum Corrected Compact Model of Experimentally Fabricated GAA 2-D MBCFETs

Gate all around (GAA) 2-D material multibridge-channel (MBC) FET with the thinnest channel could lead to the ultimate scaling of transistor technology. In this work, a physics-based compact model including quantum correction and multiple other physical effects is developed for experimentally fabricated 2-D MBC FET. The model is formulated on the basis of symmetric double gate (DG) potential solutions. By considering the wave functions in the 2-D channel, the quantum mechanical confinement (QMC) is taken into account, and the quantum corrected potential is deduced in analytical form using perturbation approach. The model captures the carrier density distribution across channel accurately, which has been verified by first principle calculations. Furthermore, electrical characteristics, such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> models, are created. The models are implemented in Verilog-A and they show good agreement with experimental data.
A NEW METHOD TO CALCULATE THE INCONCLUSIVE COEFFICIENTS IN THE QUANTUM STATE DISCRIMINATION

The problem of determining the state of a quantum system is a central task in any quantum information processing. However, there are limitations imposed by quantum mechanics on the possibilities to determine the state of a quantum system. For example, nonorthogonal states cannot be discriminated perfectly. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the inconclusive coefficients based on the solution of a quadratic system, replacing the determination of the roots of a polynomial of degree 8, used in an algorithm to quantum state discrimination previously defined in the literature. The new method simplifies the calculation of the inconclusive coefficients and can be extended very easily to any dimension. The method was written in Matlab and successfully applied to problems with different dimensions.
High-speed coplanar transmission lines

The authors present measurements of picosecond pulse propagation on coplanar strip transmission lines for which speed (i.e., group velocity), as well as phase and amplitude information are measured. Electrode effects are studied using transmission line loops 1 mm in diameter with cumulative propagation distances as long as 6 cm. The intrinsically low dielectric constant of coplanar-air transmission lines is shown to result in high signal speed and low attenuation. The authors use the data to verify the applicability of a model based largely on empirical formulae for radiation loss (geometry) and conductor absorption. The model is then used to identify optimal design criteria (for a given bandwidth) and is extended to the case of small dimensions. >
Molecular Biology of Brain Metastases

Brain metastases (BMs) often occur in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of BM has increased with advanced neuroimaging and prolonged overall survival of cancer patients. With the advancement of local treatment modalities, including stereotactic radiosurgery and navigation-guided microsurgery, BM can be controlled long-term, even in cases with multiple lesions. However, radiation/chemotherapeutic agents are also toxic to the brain, usually irreversibly and cumulatively, and it remains difficult to completely cure BM. Thus, we must understand the molecular events that begin and sustain BM to develop effective targeted therapies and tools to prevent local and distant treatment failure. BM most often spreads hematogenously, and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) presents the first hurdle for disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) entering the brain parenchyma. Nevertheless, how the DTCs cross the BBB and settle on relatively infertile central nervous system tissue remains unknown. Even after successfully taking up residence in the brain, the unique tumor microenvironment is marked by restricted aerobic glycolysis metabolism and limited lymphocyte infiltration. Brain organotropism, certain phenotype of primary cancers that favors brain metastasis, may result from somatic mutation or epigenetic modulation. Recent studies revealed that exosome secretion from primary cancer or over-expression of proteolytic enzymes can “pre-condition” brain vasculoendothelial cells. The concept of the “metastatic niche,” where resident DTCs remain dormant and protected from systemic chemotherapy and antigen exposure before proliferation, is supported by clinical observation of BM in patients clearing systemic cancer and experimental evidence of the interaction between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This review examines extant research on the metastatic cascade of BM through the molecular events that create and sustain BM to reveal clues that can assist the development of effective targeted therapies that treat established BMs and prevent BM recurrence.
Low‐temperature synchrotron‐radiation‐excited etching of silicon dioxide with sulfur hexafluoride adsorption

Ultralarge‐scale integration circuits now require innovative microfabrication processes in order to achieve gigabit‐scale integration. One approach is to use soft x rays, because they can give excellent spatial resolution by their short wavelength and high‐reaction selectivity by core‐electron excitation. Synchrotron‐radiation (SR) ‐excited etching of SiO2 and Si is studied from the viewpoints of pattern replicability and analysis of etching selectivity between two layers. Deep‐submicron patterns of SiO2 are formed by cooling the specimen with liquid N2 and adsorbing SF6 reaction gas during SR irradiation. Photon‐stimulated desorption ions from SF6‐adsorbed SiO2 and Si surfaces are first investigated. As a result, ion species such as SiF+n and SO+n, which are etching products from the surface, are obtained only from SiO2, and this selective etching of SiO2 is also investigated by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In this selective etching mechanism, constraint of Si‐etching by passivation of photofragment.
The Descent Algorithms for Solving Symmetric Pareto Eigenvalue Complementarity Problem

For the symmetric Pareto Eigenvalue Complementarity Problem (EiCP), by reformulating it as a constrained optimization problem on a differentiable Rayleigh quotient function, we present a class of descent methods and prove their convergence. The main features include: using nonlinear complementarity functions (NCP functions) and Rayleigh quotient gradient as the descent direction, and determining the step size with exact linear search. In addition, these algorithms are further extended to solve the Generalized Eigenvalue Complementarity Problem (GEiCP) derived from unilateral friction elastic systems. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the proposed methods compared to the projected steepest descent method with less CPU time.
Optimal reinsurance under general law-invariant risk measures

In recent years, general risk measures play an important role in risk management in both finance and insurance industry. As a consequence, there is an increasing number of research on optimal reinsurance decision problems using risk measures beyond the classical expected utility framework. In this paper, we first show that the stop-loss reinsurance is an optimal contract under law-invariant convex risk measures via a new simple geometric argument. A similar approach is then used to tackle the same optimal reinsurance problem under Value at Risk and Conditional Tail Expectation; it is interesting to note that, instead of stop-loss reinsurances, insurance layers serve as the optimal solution. These two results highlight that law-invariant convex risk measure is better and more robust, in the sense that the corresponding optimal reinsurance still provides the protection coverage against extreme loss irrespective to the potential increment of its probability of occurrence, to expected larger claim than Value at Risk and Conditional Tail Expectation which are more commonly used. Several illustrative examples will be provided.
Transport and Storage of Magnetic Field by Overshooting Turbulent Compressible Convection

We present the results of a series of numerical experiments that investigate the transport of magnetic fields by turbulent penetrative compressible convection. We find that magnetic flux is preferentially transported downward out of a turbulent convecting region and stored in a stably stratified region below. This pumping mechanism is believed to be a crucial component for the operation of a large-scale solar interface dynamo since it may be responsible for the transport of flux from the solar convection zone to the stable overshoot region. The high-resolution three-dimensional simulations show that efficient pumping occurs as a result of the action of strong coherent downflowing plumes. The properties of the transport are evaluated as a function of magnetic field strength, rotation rate, supercriticality, stiffness of the interface, and configuration. The turbulent pumping of magnetic flux is remarkably robust and more efficient than its laminar counterpart. The turbulent convection naturally amplifies magnetic energy from any existing mean field. The transport of flux from the convection zone removes the source for this local amplification there, and thus the peak magnetic energy also comes to reside in the stable region. This is important for an effective interface dynamo.