Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent-based chemical sensor for organophosphate detection

We present a new optical sensor for the detection of organophosphates by incorporating fluorescent indicator dye into sol-gel material. We used different configurations of immobilization matrices such as thin film and spherical nanoparticles. The sensor thin films were prepared by using acid-catalyzed sol-gel process and the spherical nanoparticles by modified Stöber method. The effects of configuration matrices on the sensor's characteristic were studied. The use of dye-doped nanoparticles improved the detection limit from 0.69 μM to 17 nM, response time from 600 s to 12 s, precision and sensitivity, but reduced the sensor's working rage from 6.9×10-7 M - 6.9×10-3 M to 1.75×10-8M - 2.3×10-7 M.
Observations of ultraviolet-bright stars in globular clusters with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

Two UV-bright stars in globular clusters, UV5 in NGC 1851 and vZ 1128 in M3, were observed with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) during the Astro-1 space shuttle mission in 1990 December. The stars' spectra show weak absorption features and no significant emission features other than well known geocoronal lines. Detailed fitting of Kurucz (1991) stellar atmosphere models using a chi(sup 2) minimization technique indicates T(sub eff) = 16 000 K, log g = 2.5, and abundance (-1.0) (logarithm of abundance of elements heavier than helium relative to solar) for UV5, and T(sub eff) = 35 000 K, log g = 4.0, and abundance (-3.5) for vZ 1128. The Kurucz model which best fits vZ 1128 overpredicts the flux in the region below approximately 1000 A, an effect seen in previous models of O-type stars. Our results are robust (to within approximately 1000 K) with respect to uncertainties in interstellar reddening and atomic and molecular hydrogen column densities. We do not see significant molecular hydrogen absorption, which might have indicated material in a circumstellar shell, in either star's spectrum. We estimate the stellar luminosities to be log L/solar luminosity = 3.33 +/- 0.15 for UV5 and log L/solar luminosity = 3.21 +/- 0.12 for vZ 1128. These atmospheric parameters place both stars on the Schoenberner (post-AGB) tracks, though the stellar masses derived from the best-fitting Kurucz models are somewhat less than those predicted by the Schoenberner models. Examination of individual absorption line strengths reveals no significant abundance anomalies in either star.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Cervical Cancer Screening on Images Taken during Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid: A Systematic Review

Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is one of the methods recommended by the World Health Organization for cervical cancer screening. VIA is simple and low-cost; it, however, presents high subjectivity. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus to identify automated algorithms for classifying images taken during VIA as negative (healthy/benign) or precancerous/cancerous. Of the 2608 studies identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The algorithm with the highest accuracy in each study was selected, and some of its key features were analyzed. Data analysis and comparison between the algorithms were conducted, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, ranging from 0.22 to 0.93 and 0.67 to 0.95, respectively. The quality and risk of each study were assessed following the QUADAS-2 guidelines. Artificial intelligence-based cervical cancer screening algorithms have the potential to become a key tool for supporting cervical cancer screening, especially in settings where there is a lack of healthcare infrastructure and trained personnel. The presented studies, however, assess their algorithms using small datasets of highly selected images, not reflecting whole screened populations. Large-scale testing in real conditions is required to assess the feasibility of integrating those algorithms in clinical settings.
Self-consistent pseudopotential method for localized configurations: molecules

A method is proposed using pseudopotentials in a self-consistent manner to describe localized configurations such as molecules, surfaces, impurities, vacancies, finite chains of atoms, adsorbates, and solid interfaces. Specific application is made to the Si/sub 2/ molecule. The Si/sub 2/ energy levels and charge densities are calculated with reasonable accuracy using a plane-wave basis set. (auth)
Slow light tuning in photonic crystals

One attractive application of slow light is tuning the delay of optical pulses. It is achieved by controlling the chirping of photonic crystal waveguides whose photonic band exhibits a flat band sandwiched by the opposite dispersion characteristics. We call the so-obtained tunable slow light dispersion-compensated (DC) slow light. In these years, we have fabricated the devices using CMOS-compatible process, demonstrated the delay tuning of sub-ps pulses with a tuning resolution over 100, and applied it to varying the demodulation rate of DQPSK receiver. The other attractive application of slow light is enhancing the nonlinearity. It is achieved by the particular design of photonic crystal waveguides, which exhibits a straight photonic band with a small slope, producing low-dispersion (LD) slow light. We have demonstrated strong two-photon absorption (TPA), self-phase modulation and four-wave mixing in Si-based devices at fiber communication wavelengths. In this presentation, we demonstrate two advanced devices that utilize both DC and LD slow light. One is the on-chip optical correlator and the other is the all-optical ultrafast delay tuning. In the former, the delay scanner based on DC slow light and nonlinear-enhanced TPA photodiode based on LD slow light were integrated. The auto-correlator action was confirmed for ps pulses. In the latter, the delay of the DC signal pulse was tuned through the intensity and timing of the LD control pulse with a maximum tuning range and response time of 10 ps. It potentially achieves the retiming of disordered pulses by using LD pulses as a clock.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Changes after Intraocular Silicone Oil Tamponade in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious and emergency condition that may cause visual disturbance. Treatment includes pars plana vitrectomy with a tamponade such as intraocular gas or silicone oil (SO). In many countries, silicone oil is still favorable compared to intraocular gases as tamponade for reattachment of retinal detachment surgery. The application provides a higher anatomical success rate, especially in cases of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that were previously considered untreatable. Objective assessment of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the eye with silicone oil tamponade is a challenge because of the limitations and difficulties in taking images. This study aims to assess the RNFL thickness changes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients using SO tamponade and its subsequent removal conducted on a total of 35 post-operative RRD patients. Central macular and RNFL thickness, as well as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), were recorded at the time of tamponade and after the removal of the SO at 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the changes in RNFL thickness significantly decreased in the group of ≤6 months, especially in the superior and temporal quadrants, and BCVA increased after SO removal (p < 0.05). Central macular thickness was significant (p < 0.001) at the end of the visit. Improved visual acuity is associated with decreased RNFL and central macular thickness after SO removal.
A new chaotic system and its chaotic control

In this paper, a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system is presented. There are three control parameters and three different nonlinear term in the governed equations. Basic dynamic properties of the new system are investigated via theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. And then three different methods, the dislocated feedback control method, the enhancing feedback control method and the speed feedback control method, are used to control the new chaotic system. On the basis of the Routh-Hurwitz theorem , the conditions of stabilization are discussed, and they are also proved theoretically. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the three different methods.
Mode locking of Yb:GdYAG ceramic lasers with an isotropic cavity

We report on the passive mode locking of a diode pumped Yb:GdYAG ceramic laser with a near isotropic cavity. It is found that the laser could simultaneously mode lock in the two orthogonal principal polarization directions of the cavity, and the mode locked pulses of the two polarizations have identical features and are temporally perfectly synchronized. However, their pulse energy varies out-of-phase periodically, manifesting the antiphase dynamics of mode locked lasers.
Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Network Based on Twin High-Resolution Representation

With the increase of spatial resolution of remote sensing images, features of feature imaging become more and more complex, and the change detection methods based on techniques such as texture representation and local semantics are difficult to meet the demand. Most change detection methods usually focus on extracting semantic features and ignore the importance of high-resolution shallow information and fine-grained features, which often lead to uncertainty in edge detection and small target detection. For single-input networks when two temporal images are connected, the shallow layer of the network cannot provide the information of the individual original image to the deep layer features to help reconstruct the image, and therefore, the change detection results may be missing in detail and feature compactness. For this purpose, a twins context aggregation network (TCANet) is proposed to perform change detection on remote sensing images. In order to reduce the loss of spatial accuracy of remote sensing images and maintain high-resolution representation, we introduce HRNet as our backbone network to initially extract the features of interest. Our proposed context aggregation module (CAM) can amplify the convolutional neural network receptive field to obtain more detailed contextual information without significantly increasing the computational effort. The side output embedding module (SOEM) is proposed to improve the accuracy of small volume target change detection as well as to shorten the training process and speed up the detection while ensuring the performance. The method has experimented on the publicly available CDD dataset, the SYSU-CD dataset, and a challenging DSIFN dataset. With significant improvements in precision, recall, F1 score, and overall accuracy, the method outperforms the five methods mentioned in the literature.
Relationships among chromatic tone, perceived lightness, and degree of vividness

The present study describes the usefulness and importance of chromatic tone concept on object colors. It is clarified that the concept of a tone category consists of the same perceived lightness and the same degree of vividness of chromatic object colors in the tone irrespective of hue. Prediction equations are given to color attributes on perceived lightness and degree of vividness. They clearly show different functions on metric lightness and metric chroma on the two color attributes. It is also clarified that the theoretical opponent-colors system by the author (NT system) gives a basis for defining the tone concept, perceived lightness, and degree of vividness. The results of the present study are useful for understanding fundamental color notion “tone,” which is important both in the fields of colorimetry (fundamental color-perception study) and color design (practical application). In addition, attributes of equivalent whiteness–blackness [W-Bk]eq and equivalent chroma Ceq are proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 221–234, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20108
Role of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis: A Genetic, Epigenetic and Molecular Pilot Study

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates bone development and calcium homeostasis, suggesting a central role in musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis (OP). Several studies have examined the contribution of VDR polymorphisms and epigenetic signatures in bone metabolism and OP risk, with sometimes inconclusive results. Our study aimed to explore the association between genetic variability, expression and the methylation pattern of VDR with the risk of OP in a cohort of Caucasian patients. Genomic DNA from 139 OP, 54 osteopenic (Ope) and 73 healthy (CTR) subjects were used for genotyping the rs731236 (TaqI), rs2228570 (FokI) and rs11568820 (Cdx2) polymorphisms of the VDR gene by an allelic discrimination assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of VDR expression levels and pyrosequencing analysis of a VDR promoter CpG island were carried out in a subcohort (25 OP and 25 CTR) of subjects. Data obtained showed a significantly higher OP risk for rs11568820 G/A and A/A genotypes (p = 0.05). qRT-PCR revealed lower VDR gene expression levels in the OP group compared to CTR subjects (p = 0.0009), also associated with both the rs11568820 A/A genotype (p = 0.03) and femoral fragility fractures (p = 0.05). No association was found between the methylation pattern of the region analyzed of the VDR promoter and its expression levels. Our results identify a significative association between Cdx2 rs11568820 polymorphism and OP risk. In addition, the VDR transcriptomic profile suggests a putative interconnection with OP progression, providing a useful tool to stratify OP phenotype and fragility fracture risk.
The Study of the Reliability of Complex Components during the Electromigration Process

With the increasing number of inputs and outputs, and the decreasing interconnection spacing, electrical interconnection failures caused by electromigration (EM) have attracted more and more attention. The electromigration reliability and failure mechanism of complex components were studied in this paper. The failure mechanism and reliability of complex components during the electromigration process were studied through the simulation and the experiment, which can overcome the limitation of experimental measurement at a micro-scale. The simulation results indicated that the solder joint has obvious current crowding at the current inlet, which will significantly enhance the electromigration effect. Based on the atomic flux divergence method, the void formation of solder joints can be effectively predicted, and life prediction can be more accurate than Black’s equation. Experimental results indicated that the resistance of the daisy chain could be significantly increased with the process of void formation in the solder and corrosion of the leads. Moreover, the growth of intermetallic compounds can be obviously promoted under current stress. The main composition of the intermetallic compounds changes from almost entirely Cu5Sn6 to Cu5Sn6 and Cu3Sn; the cracks can be detected at the Cu3Sn layer. Specifically, the mean time to failure is 1065 h under 1.4 A current and 125 °C based on IPC-9701A guidelines.
Zero-Watermark Resistant to MP3 Compression

Most watermarking schemes in literatures are usually implemented by embedding a mark in a host media itself for intended purposes. The existing techniques for watermarking are confronted with the problems of perceptible quality degradation and the inherent conflict between imperceptibility and robustness, which introduced by the watermark embedding. In this paper, we propose a novel audio zero-watermarking scheme for content authentication. First the audio is divided to frame by fixed length and then low-frequent and high-frequent components are obtained by three-level lifting-based wavelet transformation in every frame. Secondly the audio frame is approximately represented as a product of a base matrix and a coefficient matrix using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Finally the sum of each column in the coefficient matrix is calculated which is quantized to produce a feature vector, and then the copyright information is obtained by calculating the watermark and feature vector. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme is robust against Mp3 compression and secure.
Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Preventive Monotherapy Among Children and Adolescents Exposed to Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Household

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with household exposure to multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) are at high risk of developing TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is recommended, but programmatic experience is limited, particularly for adolescents. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study to describe MDR/RR-TB diagnosis and TPT provision for individuals aged <18 years with MDR/RR-TB exposure. Participants were assessed for TB either in homes or health facilities, with referral for chest x-ray or specimen collection at clinician discretion. The TPT regimens included levofloxacin, isoniazid, or delamanid monotherapy for 6 months, based on source patient drug-resistance profile. Results Between March 1, 2020 and July 31, 2021, 112 participants were enrolled; median age was 8.5 years, 57 (51%) were female, and 6 (5%) had human immunodeficiency virus. On screening, 11 (10%) were diagnosed with TB: 10 presumptive MDR/RR-TB and 1 drug-susceptible TB. Overall, 95 (94% of 101) participants started TPT: 79 with levofloxacin, 9 with isoniazid, and 7 with delamanid. Seventy-six (80%) completed TPT, 12 (13%) were lost to follow up, and 7 (7%) stopped TPT early due to adverse events. Potential adverse events were reported for 12 (13%) participants; none were serious. There were no further TB diagnoses (200 days median follow up). Conclusions Post-MDR/RR-TB exposure management for children and adolescents resulted in significant MDR/RR-TB detection and both high TPT initiation and completion. Tuberculosis preventive monotherapy was well tolerated and there were no further TB diagnoses after initial assessment. Key factors supporting these outcomes included use of pediatric formulations for young children, monotherapy, and community-based options for assessment and follow up.
Recursive asymptotic stiffness matrix method for analysis of surface acoustic wave devices on layered piezoelectric media

Based on a simple second-order thin layer asymptotic expansion for the transfer matrix, an asymptotic solution for the stiffness matrix for a general anisotropic piezoelectric thin layer is obtained. The total stiffness matrix for thick layers or multilayers is calculated with arbitrary precision by subdividing them into thin sublayers and combining recursively the thin layer stiffness matrices. It is shown that this method converges to the exact solution and is computationally stable, efficient and easy to implement. A semispace substrate is substituted for by a finite thickness layer loaded by a perfectly matched attenuating layer. The effective permittivity and general Green’s functions for a layered system on a substrate are formulated in terms of stiffness and compliance matrices. The advantage of the method is that one does not need to compute the exact wave propagation solution for an anisotropic piezoelectric layer or semispace.
Self-calibration of monocular vision system based on planar points

This paper proposes a method of self-calibration of monocular vision system which is based on planar points. Using the method proposed in this paper we can get the initial value of the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the feature points in the scene easily, although there is a nonzero factor between the initial value and the real value of the 3D coordinates of the feature points. From different viewpoints, we can shoot different pictures, and calculate the initial external parameters of these pictures. Finally, through the overall optimization, we can get all the parameters including the internal parameters, the distortion parameters, the external parameters of each picture and the 3D coordinates of the feature points. According to the experimental results, in about 100mm×200mm field of view, the mean error and the variance of 3D coordinates of the feature points is less than 10μm.
Development of a spherical aerial vehicle for urban search

With the ability to provide close surveillance in narrow space or urban areas, spherical aerial vehicles have been of great interest to many scholars and researchers. The spherical aerial vehicle offers substantial design advantages over the conventional small aerial vehicles. As a kind of small aerial vehicles, spherical aerial vehicle is presented in this paper. Firstly, the unique structure of spherical aerial vehicle is presented in detail. And then as the key component of the spherical aerial vehicle, the meshed spherical shell is analyzed. The shell is made of carbon fiber and is used to protect the inner devices, so the deformation of the shell is analyzed and simulated. Then the experimental results verify the above analysis and the composite carbon fiber material makes the mesh spherical shell small deformation. Considering the whole vehicle has a shell outside, the lift affect of the meshed spherical shell is analyzed. The simulation and experiment results are basically consistent with theoretical analysis, and the impact of the meshed shell has small resistance for the airflow through the sphere.
The spectroscopy of mid-infrared (2.9 μm) fluorescence and energy transfer in Dy3+-doped tellurite glasses

The decay processes relating to the potential H613/2→H615/2 laser transition for 2.9 μm emission in single Dy3+-doped tellurite (TZNF and TZN) glasses have been investigated in detail using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The selective laser excitation of the F65/2 and H69/2, F611/2 energy levels at 805 and 1300 nm, respectively, have established that the decay processes of the lowest excited level (i.e., H613/2) entirely favors multiphonon emission in a tellurite glass host. Detailed investigation of the H613/2 luminescence decay characteristic revealed that two decay constants are involved in the TZNF glass composition; approximately 90% of the decay has a time constant (τ1) of 19.6 μs. The remaining centers decay with a time constant τ2=112 μs due to the Dy3+ fluorine bonds, which are possibly present in the TZNF glass matrix. Slight quenching of τ1 for Dy3+ concentration increases to 2 mol. % may indicate energy transfer to OH− molecules in the TZNF glass despite the low OH− content, [α(OH−)∼0.04 cm−1]; further decrease of τ1 (to 9.7 μs) was measured in TZN glass matrix, which is commensurate with the higher OH− density (α=0.15 cm−1).
Tunneling through ultrathin SiO2 gate oxides from microscopic models

We investigate theoretically coherent electron tunneling through three-dimensional microscopic Si[100]/SiO2/Si[100] model junctions with oxide thicknesses between 0.4 and 4.6 nm. The transmission probabilities of these structures were calculated using a semiempirical tight-binding scattering method. Our calculations provide a basis for the microscopic understanding of the observed independence of tunneling transmission on the orientation of the bulk silicon and on the nature of inelastic defect-assisted tunneling. We document significant differences between transmission coefficients obtained with the present scheme and with the popular effective-mass-based approaches. The energy dependence of the effective tunneling mass in bulk silicon dioxide is predicted.