Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TWO TYPES OF ADVERBIALS IN MAYRINAX ATAYAL

An electronic heading and attitude sensing subsystem which is fully integrated with the existing hardware of an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) oceanographic sonar suite to reduce the size and complexity of the apparatus. The subsystem uses a tri-state drive signal with relaxation periods and integration windows to synchronously drive the fluxgate magnetic sensors while reducing the effects of non-linearities and higher order harmonics which may result in heading errors. The present invention includes an electrolytic tilt sensor device and driving circuit which allow measurement of system vertical orientation without the effects of electrolyte conductivity are described. The present invention further includes methods of system calibration, magnetic perturbation modeling, and heading calculation.
AN INFRARED/X-RAY SURVEY FOR NEW MEMBERS OF THE TAURUS STAR-FORMING REGION

We present the results of a search for new members of the Taurus star-forming region using data from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the XMM-Newton Observatory. We have obtained optical and near-infrared spectra of 44 sources that exhibit red Spitzer colors that are indicative of stars with circumstellar disks and 51 candidate young stars that were identified by Scelsi and coworkers using XMM-Newton. We also performed spectroscopy on four possible companions to members of Taurus that were reported by Kraus and Hillenbrand. Through these spectra, we have demonstrated the youth and membership of 41 sources, 10 of which were independently confirmed as young stars by Scelsi and coworkers. Five of the new Taurus members are likely to be brown dwarfs based on their late spectral types (>M6). One of the brown dwarfs has a spectral type of L0, making it the first known L-type member of Taurus and the least massive known member of the region (M ∼ 4–7 MJup). Another brown dwarf exhibits a flat infrared spectral energy distribution, which indicates that it could be in the protostellar class I stage (star+disk+envelope). Upon inspection of archival images from various observatories, we find that one of the new young stars has a large edge-on disk (r = 2.″5 = 350 AU). The scattered light from this disk has undergone significant variability on a timescale of days in optical images from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. Using the updated census of Taurus, we have measured the initial mass function for the fields observed by XMM-Newton. The resulting mass function is similar to previous ones that we have reported for Taurus, showing a surplus of stars at spectral types of K7–M1 (0.6–0.8 M☉) relative to other nearby star-forming regions, such as IC 348, Chamaeleon I, and the Orion Nebula Cluster.
Viruses as Indicators of Fecal Pollution in Aquatic Environment

Water is necessary for life; however, till now a huge number of people can’t attain safe, clean, and healthy drinking water, and many cases of death are caused by the contamination of water by pathogenic organisms. Over fifty severe illnesses can be caused by contaminated water, including infectious diseases, skin diseases, digestive sickness, respiratory diseases and cancer (Wen et al., 2020). Drinking water safety is a significant public health hazard; as of 2022, approximately two billion people live in countries with extreme water deficiency, as the result of population expansion and climate change. The drinking water sources of over two billion people were contaminated with waste, and 829 000 people annually die from diarrheal diseases caused by unhealthy drinking water, deficiency of sanitation, and poor hand hygiene (WHO, 2022). Hospitals, industries considered, decontamination stations, outlets of wastewater treatment plants, and storm drains are considered the most common sources of pollution from natural water ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Aug. 23, 2022 Accepted: Sept. 12, 2022 Online: Oct. 8, 2022 _______________
Perspectives on Finding the Neutrino Nature

The possibility of determining the neutrino nature is considered in view of the most recent experimental observations. The analysis combines schemes with three and four neutrinos.The data on oscillations is put together with that from the search of neutrinoless double beta decay and results on tritium beta decay. All solar neutrino oscillation solutions are taken into account. The sensitivity of the problem on future experimental bounds from GENIUS is studied. Dirac neutrinos are shown to be unavoidable already at present in some schemes and the constraints will quickly become more stringent with future data. The consequences of including bounds from Cosmology on the neutrino content of Hot Dark Matter are commented.
Quantum correlations and Bell's inequality violation in a Heisenberg spin dimer via neutron scattering

The characterization of quantum information quantifiers has attracted a considerable attention of the scientific community, since they are a useful tool to verify the presence of quantum correlations in a quantum system. In this context, in the present work we show a theoretical study of some quantifiers, such as entanglement witness, entanglement of formation, Bell's inequality violation and geometric quantum discord as a function of the diffractive properties of neutron scattering. We provide one path toward identifying the presence of quantum correlations and quantum nonlocality in a molecular magnet as a Heisenberg spin-$1/2$ dimer, by diffractive properties typically obtained via neutron scattering experiments.
Effect of Features Extraction Techniques on Cyberstalking Detection Using Machine Learning Framework

— Various cybercriminals are active with predefined and preplanned agendas to carry out cybercrimes in the Internet world. Cyberstalking, cyberbullying, cyber terrorism, cyber hacking, data leakage, identity theft, phishing, and other types of cyber harassment continually occur in the virtual world. Cyberstalking and cyberbullying are near to close in content and intent, involving the same internet-based technology to harass, bully and undermine others online. This paper implemented a cyberstalking detection model and analyzed the effect of various feature extraction techniques on different machine learning classifiers for cyberstalking detection. For feature extraction, the proposed model applied Word2vec, BOW, TF-IDF, FastText, GloVe, ELMo, and BERT. Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) were used for classification. Effects of each feature extraction method to enhance the performance of the detection model were determined based on the performance results of applied classifiers with each feature extraction process. Experimental results show that BOW and TF-IDF outperformed advanced word embedding-based feature extraction methods. BOW (for LR) achieved the highest accuracy of 95.7%, highest precision of 97.9%, and highest F-Score of 97.3%. TF-IDF achieved the highest recall of 99.8% for NB. SVM classifier achieved the second-highest accuracy of 95.2% with TF-IDF. BERT model successfully obtained maximum accuracy of 90.9% and 90.7% for LR and SVM, respectively. ELMo model also performed well and produced maximum accuracy of 90.5% and 90.2% for LR and SVM, respectively. The SkipGram model of Word2Vec provided an accuracy of 85% for the LR classifier. GloVe provided 81.2% accuracy for the RF classifier. SkipGram and the CBOW model of FastText provided 85.7% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively, for the RF classifier.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections in rural areas

Introduction: Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants. Methodology:- Population of this study were 1150.Among all 430 participant were found infected with parasitic infection. This study was conducted in Department of Microbiology Bhagwan Mahavir institute of medical sciences, Nalanda. The duration of study was over a period of two years. Result:- This result of this study revealed that 1150 total cases were included. Out of all we have found 430 infected cases with parasite. Conclusion:-The conclusion of this study high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was observed among the inhabitants of the study area as compared to helminthes.
Highly turbulent Taylor-Couette flow: direct numerical simulations

Turbulence is all around us. Even if we are familiar with every day instances of turbulence, like the smoke coming out of a chimney, it remains a not-well-understood phenomenum. As it is impossible to fully simulate turbulence to precisely take into account its effect, models must be used. These rely on a series of assumptions about the characteristics of turbulence, which have been checked in diverse canonical flows. One of the flows which remains relatively unexplored is Taylor-Couette (TC) flow. TC flow is the flow in a fluid layer between two coaxial and independently rotating cylinders. In this thesis, we numerically simulate TC flow to explore the behaviour of TC flow at high Reynolds numbers (high turbulence). The thesis starts with the development of a highly parallel computer code, which is demonstrated to have adequate performance up to sixty-four thousand cores. Other new numerical strategies to deal with the effect of temperature, or salinity on the flow are also detailed in the thesis. After this, the thesis focuses on the physics of TC flow. Three things are explored: First, the behaviour of highly turbulent TC flow, and how it transitions to this “ultimate" regime, which is expected to be similar to that found in astro- and geo-physical flows is studied. The nature of turbulence in accretion disks is also explored in this context. Second, the existence of an optimal transport, i.e. a maxima in the torque required to rotate the cylinders for a given shear rate as a function of the ratio between the rotation rates of both cylinders is also analysed. This phenomena was earlier observed in experiments, but remained unexplained. Simulations have allowed us to unravel the physics behind this process in more detail. Last, the universality of turbulence was explored. Earlier experiments provided indication that the turbulence in TC flow appeared to be of a slightly different nature to that seen in pipes and channels. In the thesis, this is further explored, and the reasons behind these discrepancies are elucidated.
Stellar properties of z ~ 1 Lyman-break galaxies from ACS slitless grism spectra

Lyman-break galaxies are now regularly found in the high redshift Universe by searching for the break in the galaxy spectrum caused by the Lyman-limit redshifted into the optical or even near-IR. At lower redshift, this break is covered by the GALEX UV channels and small samples of z ∼ 1 LBGs have been presented in the literature. Here we give results from fitting the spectral energy distributions of a small sub-set of low redshift LBGs and demonstrate the advantage of including photometric points derived from HST ACS slitless grism observations. The results show these galaxies to have very young, star forming populations, while still being massive and dusty. LBGs at low and high redshift show remarkable similarities in their properties, indicating that the LBG selection method picks similar galaxies throughout the Universe.
The dynamic functions of social cues during children's word learning

Children learn words in a social environment, facilitated in part by social cues from caregivers, such as eye-gaze and gesture. A common assumption is that social cues convey either perceptual or social information, depending on the age of the child. In this review of research on word learning and social cues during early childhood, we propose that (1) the functions of social cues are not categorically perceptual or social, and (2) social cues support word learning in four interdependent ways: by helping children to orient attention, extract relevant information, disambiguate referents, and understand others' referential intent. We conclude with specific recommendations for theory-building and suggest that the dynamic and complex functions of social cues need to be accounted for in any complete theory of word learning.
Beyond Sérsic + exponential disc morphologies in the Coma Cluster

Galaxies are not limited to simple spheroid or bulge + disc morphologies. We explore the diversity of internal galaxy structures in the Coma Cluster across a wide range of luminosities (−17 > Mg > −22) and cluster-centric radii (0 10 kpc). 11 per cent of galaxies (N = 52) feature a break in their outer profiles, indicating ‘truncated’ or ‘antitruncated’ discs. Beyond the break radius, truncated galaxies are structurally consistent with exponential discs, disfavouring physical truncation as their formation mechanism. Bulge luminosity in antitruncated galaxies correlates strongly with galaxy luminosity, indicating a bulge-enhancing origin for these systems. Both types of broken disc are found overwhelmingly (>70 per cent) in ‘barred’ galaxies, despite a low measured bar fraction for Coma (20 ± 2 per cent). Thus, galaxy bars play an important role in formation of broken disc structures. No strong variation in galaxy structure is detected with projected cluster-centric radius.
Letter of Intent: The Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment --- Detector Design and Physics Potential ---

We propose the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) detector as a next generation underground water Cherenkov detector. It will serve as a far detector of a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment envisioned for the upgraded J-PARC, and as a detector capable of observing -- far beyond the sensitivity of the Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) detector -- proton decays, atmospheric neutrinos, and neutrinos from astronomical origins. The baseline design of Hyper-K is based on the highly successful Super-K, taking full advantage of a well-proven technology. (to be continued)
Impact of Motivators of Spreading Food and Beverage Rumors of Fast Food Restaurants' Brand Name on Customers' Loyalty

are often happen unexpectedly and can cause substantial damage to brand name, including loss of reputation, reduced sales, damaged corporate credibility, and impacted on customers' loyalty. Rumors are often shared in the marketplace about fast food restaurants brand name. These rumors have got communicated from customer to customer and social media. This research aims to assess the impact of motivators of spreading food and beverage rumors on customers' loyalty of fast-food restaurants' brand names. A quantitative approach was adopted in this research. A web-based questionnaire for a sample of customers by using stratified random sampling (700 participants) of fast-food restaurant’s brand names (326 restaurants) in Greater Cairo (Internal Trade Development Authority, 2022, Egyptian Hotel Association, 2022). These restaurants were in MDS, KEF, DOP, PIH, SW, BK, WE'S, HA'S, ST'S, CHL'S and TAB restaurants located in Greater Cairo. SPSS V. 22 was used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics, One-sample T-test, and linear regression coefficients were used to analyze the research data. The results revealed that the motivators of food and beverage information sharing
Distillability sudden death in qutrit-qutrit systems under global and multilocal dephasing

Recently Song et al. [Phys. Rev. A 80, 012331 (2009)] discovered that certain two-qutrit entangled states interacting with multilocal dephasing undergo distillability sudden death (DSD). We generalized their studies for quantum states under global, collective, and multilocal dephasing. We found that for a specific family of quantum states DSD and entanglement sudden death may happen under global dephasing as well as under multilocal dephasing. Moreover, for these states simple local unitary transformations may not avoid DSD under the current dynamics. As there is no definitive criterion for separability or entanglement of density matrices with dimensions greater than six, therefore we believe that the results obtained in this article are restricted to the specific family of states considered here.
Loop quantum cosmology and the fine structure constant

The cosmological implications of introducing a variation to the fine structure ‘constant’, α are examined within the context of loop quantum cosmology. The evolution of α is described using the model introduced by Bekenstein, Sandvik, Barrow and Magueijo, in which a ghost scalar field produces the variation. The dynamics of the system are examined in flat and closed cosmological settings. Matter consisting of the scalar field and radiation are examined with a thermodynamically motivated coupling between the two, which can lead to a series of bounces induced by both the negative density effects of the ghost field and the loop effects.
Towers of hybrid mesons

A hybrid meson is a quark-antiquark pair in which, contrary to ordinary mesons, the gluon field is in an excited state. In the framework of constituent models, the interaction potential is assumed to be the energy of an excited string. An approximate, but accurate, analytical solution of the Schroedinger equation with such a potential is presented. When applied to hybrid charmonia and bottomonia, towers of states are predicted in which the masses are a linear function of a harmonic oscillator band number for the quark-antiquark pair. Such a formula could be a reliable guide for the experimental detection of heavy hybrid mesons.
First X-ray evidence for a shock at the Coma relic

The Coma cluster is one of the nearest galaxy clusters, and the first one in which a radio halo and a peripheral relic were discovered. While its halo and the central parts of the intracluster medium have been studied extensively, X-ray observations of the plasma near its relic have been scarce. Here, we present results from a re-analysis of a 22-ks archival XMM-Newton observation. Across the relic, we detect a shock of Mach number about 2. This excludes the previously suggested hypothesis that the relic was formed by turbulence. Furthermore, multiwavelenth observations and numerical models do not support the scenario in which the shock at the Coma relic is an outgoing cluster-merger shock. Instead, our results lend support to the idea that the relic coincides with an infall shock front formed just as the NGC 4839 group falls onto the cluster along a cosmic filament.
Universal clustering of dark matter in phase space

We have recently introduced a novel statistical measure of dark matter clustering in phase space, the particle phase space average density ($P^2SAD$). In a two-paper series, we studied the structure of $P^2SAD$ in the Milky-Way-size Aquarius haloes, constructed a physically motivated model to describe it, and illustrated its potential as a powerful tool to predict signals sensitive to the nanostructure of dark matter haloes. In this letter, we report a remarkable universality of the clustering of dark matter in phase space as measured by $P^2SAD$ within the subhaloes of host haloes across different environments covering a range from dwarf-size to cluster-size haloes ($10^{10}-10^{15}$ M$_\odot$). Simulations show that the universality of $P^2SAD$ holds for more than 7 orders of magnitude, over a 2D phase space, covering over 3 orders of magnitude in distance/velocity, with a simple functional form that can be described by our model. Invoking the universality of $P^2SAD$, we can accurately predict the non-linear power spectrum of dark matter at small scales all the way down to the decoupling mass limit of cold dark matter particles. As an application, we compute the subhalo boost to the annihilation of dark matter in a wide range of host halo masses.
Bta-miR-223 Targeting the RHOB Gene in Dairy Cows Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are part of the first line of defense against pathogens. In recent studies, bta-miR-223 has been reported to activate congenital and innate immunity against inflammatory damage during the pathogenesis of mastitis in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to identify the regulatory mechanism of bta-miR-223 and its downstream target genes in inflammatory bMECs. A double luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that ras homolog family member B (RHOB) was the target gene of bta-miR-223. To further elucidate the role of bta-miR-223 in congenital immune responses, bta-miR-223 mimics (mimic/inhibitor) were transfected into bMECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which activates the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect secreted inflammatory factors. Results showed that bta-miR-223 expression during inflammation in bMECs reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors by targeting RHOB and deactivation of NF-κB gene activity. Silencing RHOB inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response in bMECs. Overall, bta-miR-223 attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory response, and acted as a negative feedback regulator via targeting RHOB, providing a novel avenue for mastitis treatment.
An indication for the binarity of P Cygni from its 17th century eruption

I show that the 17th century eruption of the massive luminous blue variable (LBV) star P Cygni can be explained by mass transfer to a B-type binary companion in an eccentric orbit, under the assumption that the luminosity peaks occurred close to periastron passages. The mass was accreted by the companion and liberated gravitational energy, part of which went to an increase in luminosity. I find that mass transfer of ~0.1 M ⊙ to a B-type binary companion of ~3-6 M ⊙ can account for the energy of the eruption, and for the decreasing time interval between the observed peaks in the visual light curve of the eruption. Such a companion is predicted to have an orbital period of ~7 years, and its Doppler shift should be possible to detect with high-resolution spectroscopic observations. Explaining the eruption of P Cygni by mass transfer further supports the conjecture that all major LBV eruptions are triggered by interaction of an unstable LBV with a stellar companion.
Teixobactin: A powerful antibiotic from natural resource

Antibiotics have been introduced and employed as therapeutic agents against bacteria since 1930s. However, most bacterial strains resistant to a particular antibiotic have emerged a few years after its discovery. Therefore, after 1960s, new antibiotics have rarely been introduced. At present, drug resistance has become a major global concern urging many countries to conscientiously enforce antibiotics policies and regulations to control the drug resistance problems. In the midst of hopelessness about antibiotics, a new antibiotic from a soil bacterium, teixobactin, has recently been discovered and claimed not to produce drug resistance in bacteria. In this review, some interesting aspects of teixobactin are discussed including isolation method, structure, mechanism of action and challenges for further development. If the technical problems about teixobactin analogs synthesis and a huge clinical trials expense are solved, it might be a new magic bullet to fight with drug resistant bacteria.