Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibited Methanogenesis in the Rumen of Cattle: Microbial Metabolism in Response to Supplemental 3-Nitrooxypropanol and Nitrate

3-Nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) supplementation to cattle diets mitigates enteric CH4 emissions and may also be economically beneficial at farm level. However, the wider rumen metabolic response to methanogenic inhibition by 3-NOP and the NO2- intermediary metabolite requires further exploration. Furthermore, NO3- supplementation potently decreases CH4 emissions from cattle. The reduction of NO3- utilizes H2 and yields NO2-, the latter of which may also inhibit rumen methanogens, although a different mode of action than for 3-NOP and its NO2- derivative was hypothesized. Our objective was to explore potential responses of the fermentative and methanogenic metabolism in the rumen to 3-NOP, NO3- and their metabolic derivatives using a dynamic mechanistic modeling approach. An extant mechanistic rumen fermentation model with state variables for carbohydrate substrates, bacteria and protozoa, gaseous and dissolved fermentation end products and methanogens was extended with a state variable of either 3-NOP or NO3-. Both new models were further extended with a NO2- state variable, with NO2- exerting methanogenic inhibition, although the modes of action of 3-NOP-derived and NO3--derived NO2- are different. Feed composition and intake rate (twice daily feeding regime), and supplement inclusion were used as model inputs. Model parameters were estimated to experimental data collected from the literature. The extended 3-NOP and NO3- models both predicted a marked peak in H2 emission shortly after feeding, the magnitude of which increased with higher doses of supplement inclusion. The H2 emission rate appeared positively related to decreased acetate proportions and increased propionate and butyrate proportions. A decreased CH4 emission rate was associated with 3-NOP and NO3- supplementation. Omission of the NO2- state variable from the 3-NOP model did not change the overall dynamics of H2 and CH4 emission and other metabolites. However, omitting the NO2- state variable from the NO3- model did substantially change the dynamics of H2 and CH4 emissions indicated by a decrease in both H2 and CH4 emission after feeding. Simulations do not point to a strong relationship between methanogenic inhibition and the rate of NO3- and NO2- formation upon 3-NOP supplementation, whereas the metabolic response to NO3- supplementation may largely depend on methanogenic inhibition by NO2-.
A Flexible Ensemble Algorithm for Big Data Cleaning of PMUs

With an increasing application of Phase Measurement Units in the smart grid, it is becoming inevitable for PMUs to operate in severe conditions, which results in outliers and missing data. However, conventional techniques take excessive time to clean outliers and fill missing data due to lacking support from a big data platform. In this paper, a flexible ensemble algorithm is proposed to implement a precise and scalable data clean by the existing big data platform “Apache Spark. ” In the proposed scheme, an ensemble model based on a soft voting approach utilizes principal component analysis in conjunction with the K-means, Gaussian mixture model, and isolation forest technique to detect outliers. The proposed scheme uses a gradient boosting decision tree for each extracted feature of PMUs for the data filling process after detecting outliers. The test results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves high accuracy and recall by comparing simulated and real-world Phase measurement unit data using the local outlier factor algorithm and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN). The mean absolute error, root mean square error and R2-score criteria are used to validate the proposed method’s data filling results against contemporary techniques such as decision tree and linear regression algorithms.
AXDInterpolator: A Tool for Computing Interpolants for Arrays with MaxDiff

Several approaches toward quantifier-free interpolation algorithms of theories involving arrays have been proposed by extending the language using a binary function skolemizing the extensionality principle. In FoSSaCS 2021, the last three authors studied the enrichment of the McCarthy’s theory of extensional arrays with a maxdiff operation. This paper discusses the implementation of the interpolation algorithm proposed in FoSSaCS 2021 using the Z3 API. The implementation allows the user to choose iZ3 , Mathsat , or SMTInterpol as interpolation engines. The tool returns a formula in SMTLIB2 format, which allows compatibility with model checkers and invariant generators using such a format. We compare our algorithm with state-of-the-art interpolation engines. Our experiments using unsatisfiable formulæ extracted with the model checker UAutomizer show the feasibility of our tool. For that purpose, we used C programs from the ReachSafety-Arrays and MemSafety-Arrays tracks of SV-COMP.
Synthesis and characterization of silver, gold, copper oxide and titanium dioxide sponges using Triton X-305 as sacrificial hydrogel template

A novel approach is presented to synthesize silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) sponges by template sacrifice route using Triton X-305 as the sacrificial template. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption isotherm techniques were used to characterize the monoliths. Additives like dextran, silica nanoparticles and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene significantly affect the pore sizes of the monoliths. The pore size of the monoliths varied from 50 nm to 7 μm. The surface areas of porous Ag, Au, CuO and TiO2 reported were always higher than their simple metals.
Bio-Oil Upgrading by Means of Ozone Oxidation and Esterification to Remove Water and to Improve Fuel Characteristics

Bio-oil that is currently produced from lignocellulosic biomass requires significant modification to become an acceptable transportation fuel. Due to its high acidity and chemical instability, many problems arise in handling and utilization. To facilitate the use of bio-oil as a feedstock for chemicals and fuels, there is considerable interest in upgrading bio-oils through chemical pathways. We discuss our observations on ozone oxidation of bio-oil, and synthesis of upgraded bio-oil by subsequent esterification. It was found that the acid value of bio-oil was increased from 45.4 to 118.4 mg KOH/g after oxidation. To decrease the acid value, the oxidized bio-oil was further reacted with butanol to improve fuel properties. Upgrading bio-oil in the conditioned experiment was investigated, in which water content of bio-oil was lowered markedly from 45% to 1−2%. In addition, density of the upgraded bio-oils was observed to decrease from 1.13 to 0.94 and 0.92 kg/m3, and the gross calorific value increased by 16.
Clinical characteristics, prescription patterns, and persistence associated with sacubitril/valsartan adoption

Abstract Sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) was launched in China in 2018; however, the adoption of sac/val in real-world clinical practice has yet to be described. This study aimed to analyze real-world treatment patterns of sac/val using data from 3 tertiary hospitals in China. A non-interventional, retrospective cohort study of patients with Heart failure (HF) prescribed sac/val from 3 tertiary hospitals in China between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020 was conducted. The analysis included sac/val dose titration patterns and persistence during 6 months post-index. A total of 267 patients were included, with a mean age of 63.9 ± 13.1 years. At index, 27% of patients were prescribed sac/val 12/13 mg b.i. d. , 63.7% were prescribed 24/26 mg b.i. d. , 4.5% were prescribed the target dose of 49/51 mg b.i. d. , and 4.8% were not prescribed according to the recommended dose. During the 6 months post-index, 8.3% of patients had only 1 dose titration record. Good therapeutic persistence was observed across sac/val doses, and only 15.7% of patients discontinued sac/val during the 6 months post-index. In China, the majority of patients prescribed sac/val are not initiated on the recommended dose nor up-titrated according to drug instruction. Notably, good persistence with sac/val is observed in the real-world cohort study.
Providing care in isolation while awaiting SARS-CoV-2 test results

Abstract Isolation of confirmed or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is essential but, as symptoms of COVID-19 are non-specific and test results not immediately available, case identification at admission remains challenging. To inform optimization of triage algorithms, patient flow and patient care, we analyzed characteristics of patients admitted to an isolation ward, both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) positive patients and patients in which initial suspicion was not confirmed after appropriate testing. Data from patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 treated in an isolation unit were analyzed retrospectively. Symptoms, comorbidities and clinical findings were analyzed descriptively and associations between patient characteristics and final SARS-CoV-2 status were assessed using univariate regression. Eighty three patients (49 SARS-CoV-2 negative and 34 positive) were included in the final analysis. Of initially suspected COVID-19 cases, 59% proved to be SARS-CoV-2-negative. These patients had more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index median 5(interquartile range [IQR] 2.5, 7) vs 2.7(IQR 1, 4)), and higher proportion of active malignancy than patients with confirmed COVID-19 (47% vs 15%; P = .004), while immunosuppression was frequent in both patient groups (20% vs 21%; P = .984). Of SARS-CoV-2 negative patients, 31% were diagnosed with non-infectious diseases. A high proportion of patients (59%) triaged to the isolation unit were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, many suffered from active malignancy (47%) and were immunosuppressed (20%). Non-infectious diseases were diagnosed in 31%, highlighting the need for appropriate patient flow, timely expert medical care including evaluation for differential diagnostics while providing isolation and ruling out of COVID-19 in these patients with complex underlying diseases.
Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re1 evaluation of their fossil record 2 Short title : Phylogeny and diversification of sea urchins 3 4

1 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA. 2 Scripps Institution of 9 Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, 10 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK. 4 University College London Center for 11 Life’s Origins and Evolution, London, UK. 5 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California 12 Academy of Sciences, San Francisco CA, USA. 6 Bader International Study Centre, Queen's University, 13 Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, UK. 7 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de 14 Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 8 School of Zoology, Faculty of Life 15 Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 9 Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv, Israel. 10 16 Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria 17
Retracing the travel path of Marco Polo Master’s Thesis

The 12th century travelogue The travels of Marco Polo holds an important place in human history and this thesis proposes a method to reconstruct the travel path of Marco Polo from the digitized narrative using Natural Language Processing techniques. Marco Polo visited numerous places throughout his journey and these place references are identified using state-of-the-art Named Entity Recognition techniques and domain-specific gazetteer created in this thesis. To separate the stories related to travel from the other stories in a narrative, motion events are extracted using various lexical resources. Later, extracted motion event triggers and extracted places references are linked to identify locations visited by Marco Polo. These locations are then mapped to their contemporary equivalents and placed on a map to generate a travel path. The quality of generated path and other Natural Language Processing tasks is evaluated using the gold standard annotations generated in this thesis in terms of precision, recall and F1 score. This thesis also provides in-depth quantitative and qualitative analysis of the narrative and discusses the problems associated with various Natural Language Processing techniques when applied to historical corpora. Results for path retracing shows that travelled location that are explicitly described as being visited can be found but traveled locations that are not explicitly mentioned as visited in the narrative are not identified using motion events and it needs further research.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine use among Latino college Students

iv LIST Of TABLES . vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Problem Statement . 1 Purpose of Study . 5 Research Questions . 5 Significance to Public Health . 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Complementary and Alternative Medicine . 7 Latino Population . 7 Latino Population’s Health Issues . 9 Health Disparities . 9 Chronic Diseases . 9 Complementary and Alternative Medicine . 10 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS . 13 Study Design . 13 Data Source and Collection . 13 Measures . 14 Data Analysis . 15 Ethics . 15 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS . 16 Study Characteristics . 16
Crowdsourcing a Corpus for Clickbait Spoiling Bachelor’s Thesis

Clickbait in online news is a growing problem. Young people, in particular, are consuming their news via social media, and the trend is rising. To ﬁght this problem, the concept of automated clickbait spoiling is introduced. In the context of this thesis, the Webis-Clickbait-19 Corpus is constructed, which contains 3,042 entries. Each entry consists of a clickbait post, a related article and a spoiler. The spoilers are sentences that have been extracted from the articles by human annotators on Amazon Mechanical Turk. With this data, three simple clickbait spoiling approaches are developed and evaluated. Each approach ranks the sentences of an article from highest to lowest based on a maximum of two features.
Deep Reinforcement Learning to Simulate, Train, and Evaluate Instructional Sequencing Policies

Instructional sequencing in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) refers to the pedagogical policy governing tutor decisions such as choosing the next topic, activity, problem, or feed-back to help users learn. This policy aﬀects students’ learning gains, engagement, and eﬃciency (speed of learning). We used reinforcement learning to train pedagogical policies for an ITS, with three novel aspects compared to prior work in this area. First, we used a diﬀerent student modeling method, HOT-DINA, previously shown to achieve higher predictive accuracy than conventional Bayesian Knowledge Tracing. Second, we used deep reinforcement learning, which has had limited exploration for this purpose. Speciﬁcally, we employed Deep-Q-networks (DQN), asynchronous actor-critic (A2C), and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to learn three pedagogical policies for optimizing expected learning gains. Third, we evaluated these policies on simulated students trained on longitudinal log data from hundreds of children using RoboTutor, a tablet tutor for basic Swahili literacy and numeracy. We evaluated the trained policies by estimating the simulated students’ learning gains. They were higher than the actual students’ learning gains inferred from the historical data, and higher than the simulated students’ learning gains from using the original policy.
Osmosis-regulating Substance and Cation Contents in Nitraria sibirica Pall. Test-tube Plantlets with NaCl Stress

To study the salt-tolerance mechanism of Nitraria sibirica Pall. ,we determined the growth parameters,osmosis-regulating substance contents and Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+ cation contents of N.sibirica Pall.test-tube plantlets which have been growing for 40 d under 0,25,50,100,200 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress.It showed that,under the stress of 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl,shoot dry weight and root dry weight were significantly higher than the control.In contrast,under 100 and 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress,biomass of N.sibirica Pall.test-tube seedlings is significantly lower than that of the control.With NaCl stress intensified,soluble sugar,free proline and cell membrane osmosis of N.sibirica Pall.test-tube plantlets gradually rose,but contents of chlorophyll increased first then decreased afterwards while the trends of MDA were opposite;It is under 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress that the accumulation of chlorophyll ascend the highest and MDA descend the lowest value in the same condition.With increasing of NaCl concentration,Na+ content of N.sibirica Pall.test-tube plantlets and K+ in root went up continuously,which were significantly higher than that of the control respectively.Ca2+ content in whole N.sibirica Pall.test-tube plantlets and K+ content in shoot decreased but the content of Mg2+ was stable,Na+/K+,Na+/Mg2+,Na+/Ca2+ increased accordingly N.sibirica Pall.test-tube plantlets under low NaCl concentration (≤50 mmol·L-1)may adapt to salt environment by accumulating Na+,osmosis-regulating substances,high K+ and Ca2+ contents and decreasing Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ in root.
USENIX Association Proceedings of the FREENIX Track : 2003 USENIX Annual

In this paper we present StarFish, a highly-available geographically-dispersed block storage system built from commodity servers running FreeBSD, which are connected by standard high-speed IP networking gear. StarFish achieves high availability by transparently replicating data over multiple storage sites. StarFish is accessed via a host-site appliance that masquerades as a host-attached storage device, hence it requires no special hardware or software in the host computer. We show that a StarFish system with 3 replicas and a write quorum size of 2 is a good choice, based on a formal analysis of data availability and reliability: 3 replicas with individual availability of 99%, a write quorum of 2, and read-only consistency gives better than 99.9999% data availability. Although StarFish increases the per-request latency relative to a direct-attached RAID, we show how to design a highly-available StarFish configuration that provides most of the performance of a direct-attached RAID on an I/O-intensive benchmark, even during the recovery of a failed replica. Moreover, the third replica may be connected by a link with long delays and limited bandwidth, which alleviates the necessity of dedicated communication links to all replicas.
HPLC Analysis of Fluridone

Fluridone was analyzed with reversed-phase HPLC equipped with ultraviolet detector using acetonitrile /water(0.5% acetic acid)as the mobile phase.The results showed the standard deviation of 0.185,the variation coefficient of 0.186%,the recovery of 99.04% and the linear correlation coefficient of 0.998 1.
MT mediaLib TM for Chip MultiThreaded ( CMT ) Processors

Innovation in processor design tends to happen in waves. The introduction of the first 4-bit/8-bit microprocessor designs (the 4004/8008) by Intel in 1971/1972 triggered a wave of competing designs from other semiconductor companies, including Motorola, Zilog, MOS Technology, TI, Rockwell, RCA, Fairchild, and others. The SPARC® architecture was part of a wave of RISC processor designs that appeared between 1985-92, and included such famous (and not-so-famous) lines as MIPS, PA-RISC, Clipper, ROMP, 29000, 88000, i860, Alpha, and POWER. Even Intel’s massive and prolonged Itanium project was just one aspect of a wave of VLIW-style designs that crested in the 1990s, also encompassed Transmeta’s x86compatible low power Crusoe line, and succeeded in deluging the embedded space with a plethora of colorfully named media and signal processors like TriMedia, Mpact, Carmel, ManArray, MAP, StarCore, TigerSharc, Jazz, and Crescendo.
RGB Image Encryption using Hill Algorithm and Chaos System

The development of modern technology in recent years, makes the data security very big issue. To secure our data from unauthorized person, encryption is used before transmission. Various sensitive information is using encryption such as: e-mail messages, banking transactions, credit information and military operations. The encrypted data can be in form of text, image, voice, and video. In this paper, a proposed Hill algorithm with chaos system is used to encrypt colour RGB (Red, Green and Blue) image. The key of Hill algorithm is a square matrix. The selection of matrix key numbers is very important. Therefore, chaos system is used to generate sequences of numbers for Hill key matrix. These sequences have a property of randomness that make it very difficult for guessing. Finally, the proposed system is simulated using MATLAB, and a test image is encrypted and decrypted using proposed system successfully.
SNN-SB: Combining Partial Alignment Using Modified SNN Algorithm with Segment-Based for Multiple Sequence Alignments

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is an essential tool in the area of bioinformatics. Many MSA algorithms have been proposed last decade, however there is still opportunity for improvement in accuracy. Including partial alignment into MSA has been proved to be an effective approach to improve the quality of results of final Multiple sequence alignment. This paper presents a novel algorithm known as SNN-SB, which used to detect the related residue of protein sequences to build partial alignments using modified Shared Near Neighbors algorithm and segment-based alignments. The partial alignment is used as guide for DIALIGN-TX algorithm to build the final MSA. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the SNN-SB, we compared the final result with 10 outstanding MSA tools. The results of SNN-SB got the maximum mean Q score and mean SP score on IRMBASE 2.0 benchmark. Moreover, it got around 8% improvement in BAliBASE 3.0 benchmark regarding to Q score compared to DIALIGN-TX.
Synthesis of IONPS by mixing leek extract with iron chloride salt for antibacterial application

Synthesis of IONPS by mixing leek extract with iron chloride salt. By simple chemical process, with Change in PH which has a variety of effects on the optical and structural properties of IONPs. The iron oxide NPs were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV–vis techniques. XRD results showed average Crystallite size changed from (23.23) nm to (20.70) nm as pH was increased from 1.6 to 12. The particle size of (a-Fe2O3) NPs was about (101.60) nm in SEM pictures, but as the PH increased, the particle size decreased to(34.30) nm. UV–vis measurements showed energy band increased from ( 3.33-5.62) eV. Antimicrobial activity of iron oxide NPs was determined by growth inhibition zones of the gram negative bacteria E.coli, Klebseilla spp and gram-positive bacteria S.aureus, S.epidermidis and fungal Candida albicans. It found the zones for (a-Fe2O3) NPs when PH 1.6 was between (12-14) mm. The zones for (a-Fe2O3) NPs when PH 12 was between (12-13) mm.
Photocatalytic Activity of CdS Nanosheets Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

CdS nanosheets are synthesized via the chemical bath deposition method (CBD) using three different Cd/S molar ratios for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), as an example of an organic pollutant. The resulting nanosheets were characterized by XRD, FESEM, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The XRD data analysis for prepared powder resulted in mixed phases of zinc-blende and wurtzite in all different Cd/S molar ratios with average crystalline size increased from (50.9 nm to 59.7 nm). The as-prepared CdS shows an absorbance edge increased from (340 nm, to 490). The value of the bandgap decreased from (2.6 eV to 2.3 eV) with an increasing molar ratio. Increasing molar ratio also leads to high and stable photocatalytic with high degradation efficiency (92.7-98.4) % after 150 min of sunlight irradiation. Graphical Abstract