Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whole and ground sorghum replacing corn on the performance of carcass parts and relative weight of 28-day-old turkey offal

ABSTRACT: The study evaluated the effects of replacing corn with whole and ground sorghum on the zootechnical performance of turkeys fed from one to 28 days of age. A total of 3,960 male Nicholas turkeys were used, divided into six treatments: A) Whole sorghum (100%Sw); B) Ground corn (100%Cg); C) 75% Ground Corn + 25% Ground Sorghum (75%Cg/25%Sg); D) 50% Ground Corn + 50% Ground Sorghum (50%Cg/50%Sg); E) 25% Ground Corn + 75% Ground Sorghum (25%Cg/75%SG) and F) Ground Sorghum (100%Sg). At seven days, live weight was the same between treatments (164 g per bird). At 28 days, the percentage of breast, thigh-drumstick, and wings remained constant in the corn-based diet or partial and total replacements by ground or whole sorghum grain. The length of the small intestine was shorter in treatments B and C. The digestibility of the lipid fraction of the diet (DEE) was significantly higher in the diet with ground sorghum. The treatment based on ground sorghum grain showed the same result for ground corn in the dry matter (DM) and mineral matter (MM DM%) composition of the turkey carcass at 28 days. Ground sorghum influenced the lipid portion of the carcasses (EE DM%). Thus, it is concluded that whole sorghum grain presented the same results as ground sorghum and ground corn for zootechnical performance, carcass muscle mass, and viscera morphometry in turkeys at 28 days of age.
Deformation mechanisms and strength in nanoscale multilayer metallic composites with coherent and incoherent interfaces

We investigate the deformation behavior of bimetallic and trimetallic nanoscale multilayer metallic composites under biaxial loading using molecular dynamics. Three types of structures were studied: (a) Cu–Ni fcc/fcc bilayer, (b) Cu–Nb fcc/bcc bilayer, and (c) Ni–Cu–Nb fcc/fcc/bcc trilayer. A configuration with a dislocation structure inside is generated by initially loading a perfect structure to a high strain to nucleate dislocations, then completely unloading it and loading it again. The comparison between the deformation behavior of bilayer and trilayer structures revealed that the Cu–Ni is more ductile, the Cu–Nb is stronger, and the trilayer structure exhibits both high strength and ductility.
Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review

The human body is in daily contact with potentially toxic and infectious substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The GIT has the most significant load of antigens. The GIT can protect the intestinal integrity by allowing the passage of beneficial agents and blocking the path of harmful substances. Under normal conditions, a healthy intestinal barrier prevents toxic elements from entering the blood stream. However, factors such as stress, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, antibiotics, and drug consumption can compromise the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier function of the intestine, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Intestinal hyperpermeability can allow the entry of harmful agents through the junctions of the intestinal epithelium, which pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs and systems. Thus, leaky gut syndrome and intestinal barrier dysfunction are associated with intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as extra-intestinal diseases, including heart diseases, obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Given the relationship between intestinal permeability and numerous conditions, it is convenient to seek an excellent strategy to avoid or reduce the increase in intestinal permeability. The impact of dietary nutrients on barrier function can be crucial for designing new strategies for patients with the pathogenesis of leaky gut-related diseases associated with epithelial barrier dysfunctions. In this review article, the role of functional ingredients is suggested as mediators of leaky gut-related disorders.
Detection of cigarette appearance defects based on improved YOLOv4

Appearance defects are visible factors that affect the quality of cigarettes. Most of the consumer complaints received by tobacco companies are caused by appearance defects of cigarettes. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce cigarettes with appearance defects. At present, tobacco factories mainly detect the appearance quality of cigarettes through manual sampling inspection. The manual method has low detection efficiency, it is difficult to unify the judgment standard, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution to cigarettes. According to the features of cigarette appearance defects, the YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once Version 4) model was improved for cigarette appearance defect detection. We have improved the following: 1) the channel attention mechanism was introduced into YOLOv4 to improve the detection precision; 2) the K-means++ algorithm was used to optimize the selection of clustering centers; 3) the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) was replaced with atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to improve the defect detection ability with different sizes; 4) the α-CIoU loss function was used to improve the detection precision. The mAP of our improved method reached 91.77%, the precision reached 93.32%, and the recall reached 88.81%. Compared with other models, our method has better comprehensive performance and better detection ability.
One-pot synthesis and antibacterial screening of new (nicotinonitrile-thiazole)-based mono- and bis(Schiff bases) linked to arene units

Abstract Two series of (nicotinonitrile-thiazole)-based Schiff bases 1 and their bis(Schiff bases) analogs 2 are efficiently prepared in this study. A one-pot protocol was designed to prepare the target products involved the reaction of the respective nicotinonitrile-based salicylaldehyde, thiosemicarbazide, and the appropriate mono- or bis(α-haloketones). The reaction was heated at 100 °C for 5–8 h in dioxane and mediated by triethylamine to produce the target hybrids in 80–92% yields. Generally, the (nicotinonitrile-thiazole)-based Schiff bases 1 demonstrated superior antibacterial activity over their bis(Schiff bases) analogs 2. The antibacterial activity of Schiff bases 1d and 1e linked to p-tolyl and 4-methoxyphenyl units was the best against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. They had MIC and MBC values ranging from 3.8 to 4.0 and 7.7 to 8.0 µM, respectively. Using SwissADME to predict the physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, and drug-likeness of new products, Schiff bases 1 can be considered as drug-like scaffolds. Graphical abstract
Perspectives of Motor Functional Upper Extremity Recovery with the Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in Stroke Patients

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability, including loss of hand manipulative skills. It constitutes a major limitation in independence and the ability to perform everyday tasks. Among the numerous accessible physiotherapeutic methods, it is becoming more common to apply Virtual Reality "VR”. The aim of this study was to establish whether immersive VR was worth considering as a form of physical therapy and the advisability of applying it in restoring post-stroke hand function impairment. A proprietary application Virtual Mirror Hand 1.0 was used in the research and its effectiveness in therapy was compared to classical mirror therapy. A total of 20 survivors after ischaemic stroke with comparable functional status were divided into a study group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Diagnostic tools included 36-Item Short Form Survey “SF-36” and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity “FMA-UE”. Collected metrics showed a normal distribution and the differences in mean values were tested by the student’s t-test. In both, the study and control groups’ changes were recorded. A statistically significant outcome for FMA-UE and SF-36 measured by the student’s t-test for dependent or independent samples (p > 0.05) were obtained in both groups. Importantly, proven by conducted studies, an advantage of VR proprietary application was subjective sensations amelioration in pain and sensory impressions. Applying Virtual Mirror Hand 1.0 treatment to patients after a stroke appears to be a good solution and definitely provides the opportunity to consider VR applications as an integral part of the neurorehabilitation process. These results give a basis to plan further larger-scale observation attempts. Moreover, the development of the Virtual Mirror Hand 1.0 as an innovative application in physiotherapy may become equivalent to classical mirror therapy in improving the quality and effectiveness of the treatment used for post-stroke patients.
Acid-assisted polymerization: the novel synthetic route of sensing layers based on PANI films and chelating agents protected by non-biofouling layer for Fe2+ or Fe3+ potentiometric detection.

A new synthetic method for the fabrication of a sensing layer is presented. PANI films as an ion-to-electron transducer were prepared via acid-assisted polymerization in concentrated formic acid (HCOOH) in the presence of ethanol and ammonium persulfate (APS, as the initiator). The ratio of monomer to ammonium persulfate was 1 : 0.1. 2,2-Bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthrolin-5-amine, and 8-hydroxyquinoline were used as chelating agents that can complex Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions. The proposed sensors demonstrated an appropriate reproducibility with a rapid response to the presence of Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions, even at T ∼ 37 °C. It was revealed that the method of deposition of a chelating molecule affects the response of sensors. The in situ deposition during acid-assisted polymerization leads to a fast response compared to the layer-by-layer deposition. PMeOx/X1-PANI@FTO and PMeOx/Z1-PANI@FTO sensors exhibit rapid response and are considered a promising detection layer for Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions respectively. We envision that this system can contribute to the next generation of advanced bio-sensors for the potentiometric detection of iron.
Effects of thermal deformations on the sensitivity of optical systems for space application

In this paper the results of the thermo-elastic analysis performed on the Stereo Imaging Channel of the imaging system SIMBIO-SYS for the BepiColombo ESA mission to Mercury is presented. The aim of the work is to determine the expected stereo reconstruction accuracy of the surface of the planet Mercury, i.e. the target of BepiColombo mission, due to the effects of the optics misalignments and deformations induced by temperature changes during the mission lifetime. The camera optics and their mountings are modeled and processed by a thermo-mechanical Finite Element Model (FEM) program, which reproduces the expected optics and structure thermo-elastic variations in the instrument foreseen operative temperature range, i.e. between -20 °C and 30 °C. The FEM outputs are elaborated using a MATLAB optimization routine: a non-linear least square algorithm is adopted to determine the surface equation (plane, spherical, nth polynomial) which best fits the deformed optical surfaces. The obtained surfaces are then directly imported into ZEMAX raytracing code for sequential raytrace analysis. Variations of the optical center position, boresight direction, focal length and distortion are then computed together with the corresponding image shift on the detector. The overall analysis shows the preferable use of kinematic constraints, instead of glue classical solution, for optical element mountings, this minimize the uncertainty on the Mercury Digital Terrain Model (DTM) reconstructed via a stereo-vision algorithm based on the triangulation from two optical channels.
ADGR: Admixture-Informed Differential Gene Regulation

The regulatory elements in proximal and distal regions of genes are involved in the regulation of gene expression. Risk alleles in intronic and intergenic regions may alter gene expression by modifying the binding affinity and stability of diverse DNA-binding proteins implicated in gene expression regulation. By focusing on the local ancestral structure of coding and regulatory regions using the paired whole-genome sequence and tissue-wide transcriptome datasets from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project, we investigated the impact of genetic variants, in aggregate, on tissue-specific gene expression regulation. Local ancestral origins of the coding region, immediate and distant upstream regions, and distal regulatory region were determined using RFMix with the reference panel from the 1000 Genomes Project. For each tissue, inter-individual variation of gene expression levels explained by concordant or discordant local ancestry between coding and regulatory regions was estimated. Compared to European, African descent showed more frequent change in local ancestral structure, with shorter haplotype blocks. The expression level of the Adenosine Deaminase Like (ADAL) gene was significantly associated with admixed ancestral structure in the regulatory region across multiple tissue types. Further validations are required to understand the impact of the local ancestral structure of regulatory regions on gene expression regulation in humans and other species.
State-of-the-Art Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Monaural Speech Source Separation Techniques

The monaural speech source separation problem is an important application in the signal processing field. But recent interaction of deep learning algorithms with signal processing achieves remarkable performance improvement for speech source separation problems. This paper explores the numerous state-of-the-art deep learning-based monaural speech source separation algorithms in the time-frequency (T-F), time, and hybrid domains. The motivation, algorithm, and framework of different deep learning models for monaural speech source separation are analyzed. The benchmarked algorithms in the T-F domain can be categorized as deep neural networks (DNN), clustering, permutation, multi-task learning, computational auditory sense analysis (CASA), and phase reconstruction-based techniques, whereas the state-of-the-art time-domain approaches can be categorized as CNN, RNN, multi-scale fusion (MSF), and transformer-based techniques. The end-to-end post filter (E2EPF) is a hybrid algorithm combining T-F and time-domain works to achieve enhanced results. Time-domain models have shown improvement in separation performance compared to the T-F and hybrid domain models with small model sizes. Methods in T-F, time, and hybrid domains are compared using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SDR$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SI-SDR$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$SI-SNR$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, PESQ, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$STOI$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as quality assessment metrics on some benchmark datasets.
Statistical Number of Primary Discharges Required for Solar Array Secondary-Arc Tests

In the present paper, we propose a method to assess the risk of a secondary arc on a solar array in orbit based on statistical theory. Ground experiments have been carried out to investigate the statistics of temporary-sustained-arc duration. We have found that secondary-arc duration can be modeled as a combination of multiple Poisson distributions. Once we know the formula of the Poisson distribution, we can easily calculate the probability of a secondary arc lasting longer than an acceptable limit. The quantity of secondary-arc-duration data needed to define the Poisson distribution formula has been discussed. Assuming that thousands or tens of thousands of primary arcs occur in orbit, if the average duration of secondary arcs in the test is less than 5% of the acceptable limit for secondary-arc duration, we can greatly reduce the number of experimental trials to 10 or less in most cases.
Role and Regulation of Clp Proteases: A Target against Gram-Positive Bacteria

Bacterial proteases participate in the proteolytic elimination of misfolded or aggregated proteins, carried out by members of the AAA+ protein superfamily such as Hsp100/Clp, Lon, and FtsH. It is estimated that the Clp and Lon families perform around 80% of cellular proteolysis in bacteria. These functions are regulated, in part, through the spatial and/or temporal use of adapter proteins, which participate in the recognition and delivery of specific substrate proteins to proteases. The proteolysis plays an important role in maintaining and controlling the quality of the proteins, avoiding the accumulation and aggregation of unfolded or truncated proteins. However, this is not their only function, since they play an important role in the formation of virulent phenotypes and in the response to different types of stress faced when entering the host or that occur in the environment. This review summarizes the structural and functional aspects of the Clp proteases and their role in Gram-positive microorganisms.
Pseudo-Strong Regularity Around a Set

A generalization of strong regularity around a vertex subset C of a graph γ , which makes sense even if γ is non-regular, is studied. Such a structure appears, together with a kind of distance-regularity around C , when an spectral bound concerning the so-called predistance polynomial of C is attained. As a main consequence of these results, it is shown that a regular (connected) graph γ with d + 1 distinct eigenvalues is distance-regular, and its distance- d graph γ d is strongly regular with parameters a = c , if and only if the number of vertices at distance d from each vertex satisfies an expression which depends only on the order of γ and the different eigenvalues of γ .
Assessment of image sensor performance with statistical perception performance analysis

The performance of perceptive systems depends on a large number of factors. The practical problem during development is, that this dependency is very often not explicitly known. In this contribution we address this problem and present an approach to evaluate perception performance, as a function of e.g. quality of the sensor data. The approach is to use standardized quality metrics for imaging sensors, and to relate them to the observed performance of the environment perception. During our experiments, several imaging setups were analyzed. The output of each setup is processed offline to track down performance differences with respect to the quality of sensor data. We show how and to what extend the measurement of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) using standardized tests can be applied to evaluate the performance of imaging systems. The influence of the MTF on the signal-to-noise ratio can be used to evaluate the performance on a recognition task. We assess the measured performance by processing the data of different, simultaneously recorded imaging setups for the task of lane recognition.
Invasive Aedes japonicus Mosquitoes Dominate the Aedes Fauna Collected with Gravid Traps in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA

Simple Summary Aedes japonicus is an invasive mosquito in America and it is considered as a secondary vector of arboviruses. Little is known about the distribution and abundance of Ae. japonicus in many states of the United States of America. In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect mosquitoes between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. Morphological identification unveiled that, Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. A phylogenetic analysis of Ae. japonicus revealed 100% nucleotide similarity with those found in Iowa (USA), Canada and Belgium, suggesting multiple introductions. Its presence may increase the risk of future pathogens outbreaks in Wooster, Ohio. Future works should include the genetic diversity characterization of Ae. japonicus in Wooster. Abstract Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), or the Asian rock pool mosquito, is an invasive mosquito in Europe and America. It was first detected outside of Asia in 1990 in Oceania. It has since expanded to North America and Europe in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Even though it is classified as a secondary vector of pathogens, it is competent to several arboviruses and filarial worms, and it is contributing to the transmission of La Crosse virus (LACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect mosquitoes between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. Morphological identification or/and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the collected mosquitoes. Our results revealed that (adult) Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. Molecular analyses of Ae. japonicus showed 100% nucleotide similarity with Ae. japonicus collected in Iowa (USA) and Canada, suggesting multiple introductions. Its presence may increase the risk of future arbovirus outbreaks in Wooster, Ohio. This study stresses the importance of actively monitoring the density and distribution of all members of the Ae. japonicus complex.
Carbohydrate‐rich diet increases critical thermal maximum in ants

To understand species’ responses to climate change, we must better comprehend the factors shaping physiological critical thermal limits. One factor of potential importance is nutrient availability. Carbohydrates are an energy source that can directly affect an organism's physiological state. Ants are among the most omnipresent and ecologically relevant animal groups on Earth, and many ant species consume carbohydrate‐based diets. Additionally, as ectotherms, ants are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Here, we examined the relationship between foraging temperature, carbohydrate availability, and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). First, we conducted a laboratory experiment using 3–4 colonies of two species that forage at high temperatures (Camponotus blandus Smith and Dorymyrmex thoracicus Gallardo) and two species that forage at lower temperatures (Nylanderia fulva Mayr and Dolichoderus quadridenticulatus Roger). Each colony was divided into two experimental subcolonies, which were given diets containing different carbohydrate concentrations (5 vs. 20% sucrose solutions). We then measured CTmax. We also collected ants belonging to these species in the field and measured their CTmax. We found that CTmax was highest for the two species that forage at higher temperatures. For C. blandus and D. thoracicus, workers given 20% sucrose had higher CTmax than workers given 5% sucrose. No diet‐mediated differences in CTmax were seen for N. fulva and D. quadridenticulatus workers. Additionally, the experimental ants in both treatment groups had higher CTmax than their field‐collected conspecifics, except in the case of C. blandus. If carbohydrate‐rich diets can boost heat tolerance in some species, it is possible that changes in resource availability could determine how climate change affects ants, especially species with carbohydrate‐based diets. Furthermore, these impacts could ripple across the entire trophic network.
THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF RARE-EARTH ALPHA EMITTERS

, New ,huclear structure calculations using a Gaussian residual force in' a BCS treatment for the proton system of the,82_neutron nuclei are presented. 'Comparisons of theoretical binding energies with experimental odd-even mass dif ferences, and trends of aipha decay energies are made. The best agreement with experimental energies is obtained when 8:. force, strength ten percent stronger . than that deduced from low-energy p-:-p scattering is used. , The wave functions are ,used for theoretical alpha decay rate calculations, and some into the decrease of reduced width