Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellulose in atmospheric particulate matter

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations of free cellulose concentrations in atmospheric particles, as a proxy for plant debris, were investigated using a novel HPLC-PAD method. Filter samples were taken from nine sites of varying characteristics across France and Switzerland, with sampling covering all seasons. Concentrations of cellulose, as well as carbonaceous aerosol and other source-specific chemical tracers (e.g. Elemental Carbon (EC), levoglucosan, polyols, trace metals, and glucose) were quantified. Annual mean free cellulose concentrations within PM10 ranged from 29 ± 38 ng m−3 at Bern (urban site) to 284 ± 225 ng m−3 at Payerne (rural site). Concentrations were considerably higher during episodes, with spikes exceeding 1150 and 2200 ng m−3 at Payerne and ANDRA-OPE (rural site), respectively. A clear seasonality, with highest cellulose concentrations during summer and autumn, was observed at all rural and some urban sites. However, some urban locations exhibited a weakened seasonality. Contributions of cellulose-carbon to total organic carbon are moderate on average (0.7–5.9 %), but much greater during ‘episodes’, reaching close to 20 % at Payerne. Cellulose concentrations correlated poorly between sites, even a ranges of about 10 km, indicating the localised nature of the sources of atmospheric plant debris. With regards to these sources, correlations between cellulose and typical biogenic chemical tracers (polyols and glucose) were moderate to strong (Rs 0.28−0.78, p < 0.0001) across the nine sites. Seasonality was strongest at sites with stronger biogenic correlations, suggesting the main source of cellulose arises from biogenic origins. A second input to ambient plant debris concentrations was suggested via resuspension of plant matter at several urban sites, due to moderate cellulose correlations with mineral dust tracers, Ca2+ and Ti metal (Rs 0.28−0.45, p < 0.007). No correlation was obtained with the biomass burning tracer (levoglucosan), an indication that this is not a source of atmospheric cellulose. Finally, an investigation into the interannual variability of atmospheric cellulose across the Grenoble metropole area was completed. It was shown that concentrations and sources of ambient cellulose can vary considerably between years. All together, these results deeply improve our knowledge on the phenomenology of plant debris within ambient air.
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Safety Argument Considerations for Public Road Testing of Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicle (AV) developers test extensively on public roads, potentially putting other road users at risk. A safety case for human supervision of road testing could improve safety transparency. A credible safety case should include: (1) the supervisor must be alert and able to respond to an autonomy failure in a timely manner, (2) the supervisor must adequately manage autonomy failures, and (3) the autonomy failure profile must be compatible with effective human supervision. Human supervisors and autonomous test vehicles form a combined human-autonomy system, with the total rate of observed failures including the product of the autonomy failure rate and the rate of unsuccessful failure mitigation by the supervisor. A difficulty is that human ability varies in a nonlinear way with autonomy failure rates, counter-intuitively making it more difficult for a supervisor to assure safety as autonomy maturity improves. Thus, road testing safety cases must account for both the expected failures during testing and the practical effectiveness of human supervisors given that failure profile. This paper outlines a high level safety case that identifies key factors for credibly arguing the safety of an onroad AV test program. A similar approach could be used to analyze potential safety issues for high capability semiautonomous production vehicles.
‘The fugitive’: The figure of the judge in Coase's economics

Abstract: ‘The Problem of Social Cost’ (Coase, 1960) asserts a normative role for the common law judge, that of taking into account the economic consequences of his decisions in allocating property rights. This position is often accused of inconsistency: Coase sees the figure of the judge as willing and able to improve economic efficiency, but criticises the actors of public intervention, particularly regulators, for being fallible, vulnerable to political pressures, and lacking information. I shall show that Coase's giving this role to the judge stems precisely from his criticism of public intervention. This means that his figure of the judge escapes the tenets of the theoretical system that first rendered it necessary. Various reasons could explain this difference of treatment as between the judge and the other figures of public intervention in Coase's system, but Coase makes too strong an opposition between common law on one side and regulatory and statutory law on the other, and leaves unexplained the motivation of judges.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Scaling and Air-Powder Polishing on the Roughness of the Enamel, Three Different Nanocomposites, and Composite/Enamel and Composite/Cementum Interfaces

We aimed to assess the effects of ultrasonic scaling and air-powder polishing on the roughness of enamel, three nanocomposites (Premise, Herculite Ultra, Harmonize), and composite/enamel and composite/cementum interfaces. Class V cavities were restored in 99 extracted third molars with one of the three nanocomposites and treated with ultrasonic scaler or air-powder polishing device (calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate powders). The roughness (Ra) of the investigated surfaces was measured with contact profilometer before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Specimens’ Ra values before instrumentation were near the clinically acceptable 0.2 μm threshold. All techniques increased the roughness of the tested surfaces; however, the enamel was slightly affected. The mean Ra values after prophylaxis for composite, composite/cementum and composite/enamel surfaces were 0.32–0.55, 1.33–1.73, and 1.25–1.36, respectively. The extent of composite surface damage was material dependent. Premise surface was not altered by ultrasonic scaling significantly. Air-powder polishing with both powders produced a greater increase in surface roughness of composite resin and restorations margins than ultrasonic scaling. The Ra values after both types of air polishing for Herculite Ultra and Harmonize were approximately 1.5 and 2 times higher, respectively, than those after ultrasonic scaling (p < 0.05).
Those with blue hair please step forward: An economic theory of group formation and application to Cajas Rurales in Honduras

This paper presents an economic model of group formation with an application to data collected from an agricultural credit program in western Honduras. We formulate a simple theory of group formation using the concept of centers of gravity to explain why individuals join a group. According to our theory, prospective members join based on the potential benefits and costs of group membership, and based on their perception of social distance between themselves and other group members. Social distance is unobservable by outsiders but known by the individual: if you are in then you know who has blue hair. Thus, we argue that social distance helps explain preferences for group formation. To test our theory we analyze data collected from members and non-members of PRODERT, a program that has helped create 188 “Cajas Rurales” (CRs). Using conjoint analysis we test for differences in preferences between members and non-members for the main attributes of the CR. We find that members and non-members exhibit similar preferences for the attributes of the CR; therefore non-membership is not related to supply factors. Using information gathered by executing field experiments, we estimate a proxy for social distance. We use this proxy to run a group formation equation and find that it explains, along with individual characteristics, participation in the CR. Finally we offer suggestions on how to balance performance and coverage in programs in which beneficiaries decide who joins. Small cohesive groups may show exceptional performance at the cost of low coverage, and the opposite may be true.
Spectroscopy of the Type Ic Supernova SN 2017iuk Associated with Low-redshift GRB 171205A

We here report a spectroscopic monitor for the supernova (SN) SN 2017iuk associated with the long-duration low-luminosity gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 171205A at a redshift of 0.037, which is up to now the third GRB–SN event away from us. Our spectroscopic observations and spectral analysis allow us to identify SN 2017iuk as a typical broad-line Type Ic SN. A comparison study suggests that the Type IcBL SN 2017iuk resembles SN 2006aj in the following aspects: (1) similar spectra at the nearby epochs, (2) comparable evolution of the photospheric velocity obtained from the measurements based on both the Si ii λ6355 line and spectral modeling, and (3) comparable explosion parameters. This analogy could imply the formation of a neutron star in the core collapse of GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk as previously suggested in GRB 060218/SN 2006aj. The properties of the host galaxy are discussed, which suggest that GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk occurred in an early-type (S0), high-mass, star-forming galaxy with low specific star formation rate and solar metallicity.
Experimental Investigation of Tidal Rotor Loading due to Wave, Current and Impact with Sea Animals

—Extreme loading and associated survivability are key aspects of tidal turbines. This study focuses on the experimental investigation of extreme loads due to combined wave and current hydrodynamic loading and impact loads arising from collision with large sea animals. The design process and commissioning for reduced scale experiments to quantify such loads is described and preliminary ﬁndings are presented. The tidal device considered is a generic three bladed horizontal axis turbine. The scale of the model is approximately 1/15 relative to a typical full-scale turbine. The rotor is designed so that the thrust and power coefﬁcient as a function of tip speed ratio represent a full-scale prototype and prior experiments. Blade design was carried out by combining an in-house blade element momentum code with a ﬁnite element analysis. Impact loads were estimated using a separate experimental apparatus consisting of a rotating arm, with similar inertia to that of the rotor, which hits a target with similar mechanical properties to those of a marine animal. Preliminary analysis indicates that impact loads are higher than hydrodynamic loads, by a factor of more than ﬁfty for impact with a hard object. Impact with a deformable object, representing blubber of a marine, are lower but indicate negligible dependence on object mass and are greater than the predicted hydrodynamic loads. Experimental results from this campaign of tests will serve as benchmark data to validate computational ﬂuid dynamics (CFD) of hydrodynamic loading and smooth particle hydrodynamic lattice spring modelling (SPH-LSM) of impact loading.
Protective effect of Phaleria macrocarpa ( Scheff . ) Boerl extract on the testicular damage of streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats

© 2018 Evy Sulistyoningrum et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercialShareAlikeUnported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). *Corresponding Author Evy Sulistyoningrum, Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang 14,5 Ngemplak, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55581, Indonesia. E-mail: evysulistyoningrum @ gmail. com; evy.sulistyoningrum @ uii.ac. id Protective effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl extract on the testicular damage of streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats
The social network of PELP 1 and its implications in breast and prostate cancers

Proline, glutamic acidand leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a multi-domain scaffold protein that serves as a platform for various protein–protein interactions between steroid receptors (SRs) and signaling factors and cell cycle, transcriptional, cytoskeletal, and epigenetic remodelers. PELP1 is known to be a coregulator of transcription and participates in the nuclear and extranuclear functions of SRs, ribosome biogenesis, and cell cycle progression. The expression and localization of PELP1 are dysregulated in hormonal cancers including breast and prostate cancers. This review focuses on the interactive functions and therapeutic and prognostic significance of PELP1 in breast and prostate cancers. Key Words
CMS PAS HIG-16-011 CMS Physics Analysis Summary

A search for resonant Higgs bosons pair production decaying into bbWW with subsequent WW decays into two leptons and two neutrinos, X→ HH→ bbWW→ bblνlν, is presented. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1. Masses are considered in the range between mX = 260 GeV and 900 GeV. The search focuses on the invariant mass distribution of the b-jet pair, searching for a resonant-like excess compatible with the H boson mass in combination with a boosted decision tree discriminant based on kinematic information. Data and predictions from the standard model are in agreement within systematic uncertainties. For mass hypotheses from mX = 500 GeV to mX = 900 GeV, the data are observed (expected) to exclude a production cross-section times branching ratio of a spin-0 particle from 174 to 101 (135 to 75.8) fb.
The Emotional Intelligence of Resident Physicians

Since academic literature indicates that emotional intelligence (EI) is tied to work performance, there is increasing interest in understanding physician EI. We studied the EI of resident physicians in surgery, pediatric, and pathology residency programs at three academic centers to describe the EI profiles of residents in different specialties and determine whether gender differences in resident physician EI profiles mirror those in the general population. 325 residents were electronically invited to complete the validated Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue), a tool comprised of 153 items that cluster to 15 independent facets, 4 composite factors, and 1 global EI score. The overall response rate was 42.8% (n=139, 84 women). Global EI of all residents (mean=101.0, SD=8.0) was comparable to the general population sample and was not statistically different between specialties or genders. EI profiling demonstrated distinct strengths and opportunities for development between specialty groups with an effect of specialty on sociability factor (p=0.005) and five TEIQue facets including optimism, stress management, emotion management, assertiveness, and social awareness (p=0.008-0.043). Women scored higher than men in emotionality factor (p=0.044) and the TEIQue facets impulse control, empathy, relationships, and self-motivation (p=0.004-0.049). Men scored higher than women in sociability factor (p=0.034) and 2 facets including stress management and emotion management (p=0.008-0.023). Linear regression demonstrated that age had a statistically significant predictive relationship with Global EI, though the effect was small (B=0.033, p=0.014). These findings suggest that similar to the general population, male and female residents may benefit from specific training of different EI domains to enhance well-rounded development. EI profiling may also inform future educational programming decisions for each specialty. Future research should focus on the functional relationship between educational interventions that promote targeted EI development and enhanced clinical performance.
Clinical Diagnosis of Stroke Related to Brain Atrophy on Computed Tomography

Quick Response Code Abstract: Background: Brain Atrophy refers to the continuous loss of brain cells with the time and loss of connections between these neurons of brain tissues. Brain atrophy can be considered as the ultimate organ effect of cardiovascular risk factors. Advanced brain atrophy is described following hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of brain atrophy and risk factors in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients having ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke between the periods of March 2020 to February 2021. The data was collected from the emergency department of Tertiary care Government hospital. The patients included were 68 males & 82 females examined on Computed Tomography. Changes of Evans Index were taken as a marker of brain atrophy on Computed Tomography. Results: Out of 150 stroke patients, 79 patients (49=males and 30= females) had brain atrophy with a mean age of 55.51. In Atrophic patients, 49 had hypertension, 30 had diabetes mellitus, 67 had ventriculomegaly, 39 had seizures, 42 had infarction, 66 had cognitive impairment, 18 had Depression, 66 had ischemic, and 13 had a hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: In conclusion, post-stroke consequences lead to brain atrophy and are also associated with various risk factors. In Ischemic stroke, brain atrophy is more prevalent than in hemorrhagic stroke.
Shock-tube study of methane ignition under engine-rele conditions : experiments and modeling

A series of shock tube experiments was conducted to measure the ignition delay of homogeneous me (CH4/air) mixtures at moderate temperatures (1000 to 1350 K) and elevated pressures (16–40 atm). The lence ratios of the test mixtures were varied from 0.7 to 1.3 with the focus on the slightly lean-to-stoichio region, which is most relevant to internal combustion (IC) engine conditions. Transitions from mild to stro nition were observed at lower temperatures with increasing pressure. An analytical study of methane o under the above conditions was conducted using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism proposed by et al. The mechanism was modified and extended in this work, based on the experimental results and reviews. The current model improves the agreement between the calculated ignition delay time and exp tal data. Sensitivity and reaction flow analyses show that the oxidation of methyl (to form methoxy radic a main rate-limiting step in pre-ignition reactions for stoichiometric methane/air mixtures at 1250 K. At temperatures, the activation energy decreases due to a rapid rise in the rates of reactions CH 3 + O2⇔ CH3O2 and CH3O2 + CH3 ⇔ 2CH3O, which effectively promotes ignition. At still lower temperatures (below 1100 the depletion of methyl and hydroxyl radicals becomes increasingly rate-limiting and leads to a re-incr the activation energy. Further study of chemical kinetics for methane oxidation at high pressures, particu fuel-lean mixtures, is suggested to improve the agreement between the model and experiments.  2003 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Historical Roots of Entrepreneurial Culture and Innovation Activity - An Analysis for German Regions

There is a research gap with respect to understanding the role of entrepreneurial culture and tradition for actual start-up behaviour. We combine historical self-employment data (entrepreneurial tradition) with a psychological measure for entrepreneurial attitudes (entrepreneurial culture). The results reveal a positive relationship between the historical level of self-employment in a region and the presence of people with an entrepreneurial personality structure today. Our measure for a regional culture of entrepreneurship is positively related not only to the level of new business formation but also the amount of innovation activity.
Readability as a measure of textual complexity: determinants and evidence in Brazilian companies

ABSTRACT The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of company earnings and of harmonization with IFRS on the readability of Management Reports in the Brazilian stock market. There is a gap to be filled both in the elaboration and adaptation of readability measures to the context studied, as the studies tend to replicate the original formulas, and in identifying the determinants of the readability of Brazilian company reports, as the research in this field remains in its infancy and the results are inconclusive. The results provide indications for investors to identify complex textual information and may help public policymakers to establish a simple writing manual, along the lines of the SEC’s 1998 Plain English Handbook. The modified metrics and the one developed overcome the criticisms regarding the use of readability formulas in accounting research and could be used in substitution of the original metrics in future studies. An econometric model was used that presents the determinants of readability. Readability was calculated for the Results Analysis section of the Management Report. The resulting construct is understood via three attributes: persistence, current performance, and the reference benchmark. Harmonization with IFRS is a dummy variable, which delimits the pre- and post-IFRS periods. The hypotheses were tested in a sample of Brazilian companies made up of 714 company-year observations covering the period from 2006 to 2019. The descriptive results show that there is an apparent improvement in the readability of the reports in the pre- and post-IFRS period comparison. The econometric evidence shows that, in general, companies with persistent and positive earnings present less complex reports and are more likely to have highly readable reports, because managers publish reports with better readability to signal positive results to the market.
Optimized self-adaptive PID speed control for autonomous vehicles

The main control tasks in autonomous vehicles are steering (lateral) and speed (longitudinal) control. PID controllers are widely used in the industry because of their simplicity and good performance, but they are difficult to tune and need additional adaptation to control nonlinear systems with varying parameters. In this paper, the longitudinal control task is addressed by implementing adaptive PID control using two different approaches: Genetic Algorithms (GA-PID) and then Neural Networks (NN-PID) respectively. The vehicle nonlinear longitudinal dynamics are modeled using Powertrain blockset library. Finally, simulations are performed to assess and compare the performance of the two controllers subject to external disturbances.