Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Remittances Affect Politics in Bangladesh?

This paper examines how remittances contribute to the democratisation process in Bangladesh. The endogeneity issue between remittances and democracy is tackled by employing the Structural VAR (SVAR) approach. It is found that while remittances respond to innovations in the macro-political variables, remittances also have important impact on these variables. Our results build a synergy between two opposing findings in the politics literature where on one hand remittances flows stabilise autocracies, while on the other hand they foster the prospect for democratisation. In particular, we demonstrate that a shock in remittances flows will have a negative but transitory impact on democracy. Initially there will be a bout of autocratic episodes which will be eventually eliminated and democracy will be restored to its original level in three to five years. However, using an alternative measure for democracy with the aid of principal-component analysis, we find that after the fifth year following a shock in remittances flows, a small but positive permanent effect on democracy is observable that do not revert to zero at end of the ten period horizon.
Capturing GEI Patterns for Quality Traits in Biparental Wheat Populations

Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) is often a great challenge for breeders since it makes the selection of stable or superior genotypes more difficult. In order to reduce drawbacks caused by GEI and make the selection for wheat quality more effective, it is important to properly assess the effects of genotype, environment, and GEI on the trait of interest. In the present study, GEI patterns for the selected quality and mixograph traits were studied using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Two biparental wheat populations consisting of 145 and 175 RILs were evaluated in six environments. The environment was the dominant source of variation for grain protein content (GPC), wet gluten content (WGC), and test weight (TW), accounting for approximately 40% to 85% of the total variation. The pattern was less consistent for mixograph traits for which the dominant source of variation has been shown to be trait and population-dependent. Overall, GEI has been shown to play a more important role for mixograph traits compared to other quality traits. Inspection of the AMMI2 biplot revealed some broadly adapted RILs, among which, MG124 is the most interesting, being the prevalent “winner” for GPC and WGC, but also the “winner” for non-correlated trait TW in environment SB10.
Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneity and the Related Influencing Factors of Tourism Efficiency in China

Tourism efficiency is an effective index of measuring the development quality of the tourism industry. In this study, the tourism efficiency of 30 provinces in China during the period from 2006 to 2018 was measured with the SBM model and Malmquist index. On the basis of ESDA and GWR models, we explored the spatial pattern of China’s tourism efficiency and the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors in depth. The results revealed that China’s tourism efficiency has been constantly enhanced with an increasingly balanced pattern. Meanwhile, the utilization degrees of various input factors have constantly been improving. Both technological efficiency and technological progress jointly promote rapid growth of total-factor productivity. Accompanied with constant enhancement of the spatial agglomeration effect, the local spatial pattern also showed obvious differentiation. In general, low-efficiency regions were mainly concentrated in northern China, while high-efficiency regions were concentrated in southern China. The distinct spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics of tourist economic efficiency can be attributed to different influencing strengths of various factors in various regions and different action tendencies. The level of economic development, traffic conditions, the professional level of tourism, and openness degree can significantly promote tourism efficiency. Tourism resource endowment and environmental cost impose slight effects and differ in action direction, thereby inhibiting the tourism efficiency of many regions.
Clinical Features And Neuroimaging Findings In Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients Using RAPID Artificial Intelligent (RAPID AI) Software Analysis – A Series Of 54 Cases

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of permanent disability globally. Vietnam is a developing country with a high prevalence of stroke but is under-resourced in terms of specialist staff able to interpret complex brain imaging. Methods: A case series of 54 stroke patients admitted between October 2019 and October 2020 where thrombectomy was being considered and where ‘Rapid’ Artificial Intelligence (AI) was used to analyze images of stroke. Results: The mean age of patients was 73.39 ± 12.46 years with 57% male. The most common risk factors were (76%), atrial fibrillation (24%), diabetes (20%), alcohol (15%), and smoking (9%). The most common clinical signs were hemiparesis in 76% of the patients, followed by dysphasia in 50% and memory loss in 28% of the sample. 7% presented with dizziness and 7% with headache. 6% were unconscious on admission. ASPECTS evaluation showed that 24 (44%) patients had good ASPECTS scores of 8-10, 17 (32%) patients had ASPECTS scores of 5-7, and 13 (24%) patients had ASPECTS scores of 0-4. The number of patients with an infarct core volume <70 mL was 50 (93%), while a mismatch volume of >15 mL was observed in 31 (55%) patients and 22 (41%) patients had a mismatch ratio >1.8. The assessment of CT imaging of thrombi showed 51 cases of anterior cerebral circulation, including 13 (24%) cases diagnosed as ICA, 30 (76%) cases diagnosed as MCA, and 8 (15%) cases diagnosed as SA. There were 10 cases of MCA-M1 (19%), 7 cases of MCA-M2 and MCA-M4 (13%) cases and 6 cases of MCA-M3 (11%), respectively. There were three cases of posterior cerebral circulation, comprising Posterior Cerebral artery (PCA) infarction and two cases of Basilar Artery (BA) territory infarction. Conclusions: RAPID Artificial Intelligent (RAPID AI) Software Analysis combined with clinical assessment can be used in identify the size and site of cerebral infarction and diffusion perfusion mismatch in routine clinical practice in Vietnam.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ÓLEOS DE PEIXE

Encapsulated fish oil is one of the most consumed food supplements in Brazil and in the world, this supplement brings several benefits, such as preventing cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer, modulation of the immune system, being essential in the cerebral development of babies and children, and its relationship with psychological degenerative diseases is currently being studied. The main source of this "omega 3" is through the extraction of fatty fish oil from cold water, which are rich in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids. Aiming to characterize fish oils through their physical properties, such as density and refractive index 23 samples of fish oil were analyzed and measurements of density and refractive index were carried out based on the methodologies of the Food Analysis Methods of the Adolfo Lutz Institute. The relative density values ranged from 0.8891 to 0, 9544 and the refractive index from 1.455770 to 1.47588, these data were similar to other studies, however the data are rare and for the refractive index very scarce, the density parameter proved to be more important for the characterization than the refractive index, however more studies are needed, so knowledge of these parameters is extremely important to characterize fish oils, in addition to generating a database of this s properties, to subsidize quality and identity standards, as well as legislation on the subject.
Late Ediacaran post-collisional magmatism in the Guéra Massif, South-Central Chad

ABSTRACT The Guéra Massif of South-Central Chad is composed of collisional and post-collisional intrusive rocks related to the Central African Orogenic Belt. Collisional granites were emplaced at 595–590 Ma but there are a series of post-collisional intrusions that were emplaced at 570–560 Ma. The older granites have zircon U-Pb weighted-mean ages of 569 ± 6 Ma, 568 ± 7 Ma, and 568 ± 6 Ma, whereas the younger granites are 556 ± 7 Ma and 561 ± 6 Ma but all ages are within their maximum uncertainty. Both groups of post-collisional granites are peraluminous, ferroan, and alkali calcic to calc-alkalic but dioritic microgranular enclaves were observed within the older granites. The chemical variability of each group can be explained by fractional crystallization and it is likely that their parental magmas were derived by partial melting of the lower crust. The Nd isotopes of the older rocks (εNd(t) = −9.5 to −1.2) are slightly less enriched than the younger rocks (εNd(t) = −13.1 and −9.1). Moreover, the Nd isotopic compositions appear to indicate the existence of two isotopically distinct regions of the Guéra Massif with one centred on the Mongo (west) region and the other near the El Hidjer to Zan (east) region. The older group was emplaced during a period of crustal thinning after oblique collision and shearing related to the final suturing of the Congo-Saõ Francisco Craton and the Saharan Metacraton. The younger group was likely emplaced after a period of regional WNW-ESE directed crustal shortening. The punctuated nature of deformation/crustal relaxation cycles in the southern Saharan Metacraton suggests that there may have been many small terranes rather than larger cratonic blocks involved in the lithotectonic evolution of the Central African Orogenic Belt north of the Congo-Saõ Francisco Craton. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Macroautophagy Involved in Testosterone Synthesis in Leydig Cells of Male Dairy Goats (Capra Hircus)

Background Testosterone is an important steroid hormone that is indispensable for male sexual development and the reproductive system. Leydig cells (LCs), where autophagy extremely active, reside in the testicular interstitium and are the major sites of testosterone production. However, the ultrastructural characteristics and the functional role of autophagy in LCs of livestock remain unknown. This study was to investigate the role of autophagy in LCs testosterone synthesis of dairy goats at juvenile, pubertal, and adult stages. Results In the present study, morphological results showed that the steroidogenic activity and ultrastructure of the LCs were altered with increasing age. Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels were significantly elevated with sexual maturation. Organelles involved in testosterone synthesis, e.g., smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid droplets, were abundantly distributed within the cytoplasm of LCs in adult testes. However, further studies demonstrated that selective autophagy (including lipophagy and mitophagy) did not participate in the synthesis of testosterone in LCs. In contrast, the autophagy activity was enhanced in the testes at puberty and adulthood compared to that at the juvenile stage. Moreover, a number of different autophagosomes, including phagophores and autolysosomes, were observed within the cytoplasm of LCs. Conclusions Together, our results reveal that macroautophagy is involved in testosterone synthesis mainly through degrading mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the LCs of dairy goats.
Combined Optimal Planning and Operation of a Fast EV-Charging Station Integrated with Solar PV and ESS

Sufficient and convenient fast-charging facilities are crucial for the effective integration of electric vehicles. To construct enough fast electric vehicle-charging stations, station owners need to earn a reasonable profit. This paper proposed an optimization framework for profit maximization, which determined the combined planning and operation of the charging station considering the vehicle arrival pattern, intermittent solar photovoltaic generation, and energy storage system management. In a planning horizon, the proposed optimization framework finds an optimal configuration of a grid-connected charging station. Besides, during the operation horizon, it determines an optimal power scheduling in the charging station. We formulated an optimization framework to maximize the expected profit of the station. Four types of costs were considered during the planning period: the investment cost, operational cost, maintenance cost, and penalties. The penalties arose from vehicle customers’ dissatisfaction associated with waiting time in queues and rejection by the station. The simulation results showed the optimal investment configuration and daily power scheduling in the charging station in various environments such as the downtown, highway, and public stations. Furthermore, it was shown that the optimal configuration was different according to the environments. In addition, the effectiveness of solar photovoltaic, energy storage system, and queue management was demonstrated in terms of the optimal solution through a sensitivity analysis.
Supplementary material to "Impacts of emission changes in China from 2010 to 2017 on domestic and intercontinental air quality and health effect"

Abstract. China has seen dramatic emission changes from 2010, especially after the implementation of Clean Air Action in 2013, with significant air quality and human health benefits observed. Air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and surface ozone, as well as their precursors, have long enough lifetime in the troposphere which can be easily transported downwind. So emission changes in China will not only change the regional air quality domestically, but also affect the air quality in downwind regions. In this study, we use a global chemistry transport model to simulate the influence on both domestic and foreign air quality from the emission change from 2010 to 2017 in China. By applying the health impact functions derived from epidemiology studies, we then quantify the changes in air pollution-related (including both PM2.5 and O3) mortality burdens at regional and global scales. The majority of air pollutants in China reach their peak values around 2012 and 2013. Compared with the year 2010, the population-weighted annual PM2.5 in China increases till 2011 (94.1 μg m−3), and then begins to decrease. In 2017, the population-weighted annual PM2.5 decreases by 17.6 %, compared with the values in 2010 (84.7 μg m−3). The estimated national PM2.5 concentration changes in China are comparable with previous studies using fine-resolution regional models, though our model tends to overestimate PM2.5 from 2013 to 2017 when evaluated with surface observation in China during the same periods. The emission changes in China increased the global PM2.5-related mortality burdens from 2010 to 2013, by 27,700 (95 %CI: 23,900–31, 400) deaths yr−1 in 2011, and 13, 300 (11,400–15,100) deaths yr−1 in 2013, among which at least 93 % occurred in China. The sharp emission decreases after 2013 bring significant benefits for reduced avoided premature mortality in 2017, reaching 108, 800 (92,800–124,800) deaths yr−1 globally, among which 92 % happening in China. Different trend as PM2.5, the annual maximum daily 8-hr ozone in China increased, and also the ozone-related premature deaths, ranging from 3,600 (2,700–4,300) deaths yr−1 in 2011 (75 % of global total increased premature deaths), and 8,500 (6,500–9,900) deaths yr−1 in 2017 (143 % of the global total). Downwind regions, such as South Korea, Japan, and U.S. generally see a decreased O3-related mortality burden after 2013 as a combination of increased export of ozone and decreased export of ozone precursors. In general, we conclude that the sharp emission reductions in China after 2013 bring benefits of improved air quality and reduced premature deaths associated with air pollution at global scale. The benefits are dominated by the PM2.5 decreases since the ozone is shown to actually increase with the emission decrease.
Terrorist Organizations in the News: A Computational Approach to Measure Media Attention Toward Terrorism

ABSTRACT Media play a vital role in shaping public perceptions of political violence, including terrorism. By covering extremists, media grant terrorists organizations access to a global audience. While they delegitimize their actions they also empower extremists’ standing as influential actors in international conflicts. Extending research on terrorist attacks as events of political violence, this study analyzes media attention toward terrorist organizations as actors of political violence. Specifically, we focus on how news values connected to groups and their actions explain media attention. We use computational methods, specifically an automated content analysis of media coverage of 30 terrorist organizations in the US and the UK (N = 18,536). Results illustrate that terrorists can prompt media attention through newsworthy events, specifically by perpetrating lethal attacks on civil targets. The news value of continuity leads to follow-up coverage once a group has secured media attention, while other characteristics such as group ideology or governmental designations are not consistently associated with coverage. By highlighting the role of news values and the capitalization of such by terrorist organizations, the study critically reflects on journalism’s role in covering extremists.
Surface Activation of Ni-Ti Alloy Using Electrochemical Process for Biomimetic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coating

Electrochemical depositions of calcium phosphide layer on Ni-Ti alloy in concentrated simulated body flood (SBF×5) were carried out by cathodic electrodeposition. This layer was deposited on Ni-Ti alloy substrate under 10mA/cm 2 current density for 2 hours at room temperature. Then, in order to investigate the bioactivity of the pre-calcified samples, they were put in SBF for 1 and 3 days at room temperature. The microstructure, chemical composition, and bioactivity of the coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) techniques. Results showed that the activation of the surface of the Ni-Ti alloy by electrochemical process can significantly enhance the biomimetic deposition during time. On the other hand, by increasing immersion time of pre-calcified samples in SBF from 1 to 3 days, the biomimetic coating uniformly covered the surface of the sample. The ratio of the Ca/P for the pre-calcified sample after immersion in SBF for 3 days was about 1.5 which is very close to the Ca/P ratio of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite.
Association between VEGF–2578 C>A Gene Polymorphism and Lifestyle in H. Pylori Positive Gastritis Patients

Background: The polymorphisms make the differences in virulence and pathogenicity of H. pylori, which lead to different clinical manifestations after H. pylori infection. The aim of the research to assess the correlation between VEGF– 2578 C>A Gene Polymorphism and lifestyle in H. Pylori (+) Gastritis Patients. Method: The design of this study is a cross-sectional study of H. Pylori (+) Gastritis patients, independent variables is gene polymorphism VEGF-2578C>A and dependent variables are lifestyles (age, gender, BMI, and alcohol). Infection of H. Pylori detected C-UBT or rapid urease test. Examination of gene polymorphism VEGF-2578C>A by performing DNA extraction (Spin Column Method) with reagent: High Pure PCR Template through PCR procedure. Results: From 59 patients gastritis H. Pylori (+), there is no correlation between VEGF-2578 C>A gene polymorphism (consisting of CC, CA and AA) with lifestyle (gender, age consists of < 45 years and > 45 years, BMI consists of < 25 kg/m and > 25 kg/m, alcoholic drinkers ) Conclusion: There is no correlation between VEGF–2578 C>A Gene Polymorphism and lifestyle (age, sex, BMI, and alcohol drinking) in H. Pylori (+) Gastritis Patients.
Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and pharmaceutical availability of hydrogels with extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Sambucus nigra L.

: New active ingredients, including those of plant origin, are still sought in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. The present study was focused on the determination of the polyphenolic content and the confirmation of antioxidant properties of rosemary and elderflower extracts. Investigations were also carried out to define the pharmaceutical availability of hydrogels with the tested extracts. This study has demonstrated that the extract of rosemary herb is characterized by greater DPPH scavenging activity. It also contains a higher content of polyphenols, including flavonoids. The research of diffusion capacity of plant extracts from hydrogels showed that the extract from rosemary herb is more efficiently released. Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Sambucus nigra L. can be used as natural products with high antioxidant properties.
A Multimodal Approach to Translation Quality Assessment of Interlingual Subtitling: Theoretical Reflections

Featuring prominently in audiovisual products, translated subtitles have even become omnipresent in everyday life. The buoyancy of the demand has triggered in industry and academia a relentless pursuit of a well-founded translation quality assessment model for pre-recorded interlingual subtitling. Thus far, a significant number of translation quality assessment studies have addressed monomodal written texts. However, few efforts have been channeled into the translation quality assessment of subtitle translation, not to mention assumed a linguistic (multimodal) approach to develop a fully-fledged and commonly accepted framework in this field. As an initial theoretical attempt, this paper takes into consideration the multimodal characteristics of audiovisual texts and argues that it is possible to integrate the existing translation quality assessment models for monomodal texts and the analytical scheme of multimodal translation to evaluate the translation quality of interlingual subtitling. In this way, the current research moves a step further towards optimizing translation quality assessment models for interlingual subtitling and lays a theoretical foundation for the potential emergence of the theoretical model that can offer insights for subtitlers on furnishing audiences with better
Attitude and Motivation in Language Learning: A Review

Among the attributors to language learners' success, attitude and motivation are widely recognized as two important attributors. This article aims to review and discuss attitude and motivation in language learning. More specially, the paper sheds light on how these two contributors are conceptualized by scholars in the literature and the configuration of the two elements in language learning. The discussions are expected to help language educators better understand the two concepts.