Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin following in the Wake of Anger: When Not Discriminating Is Discriminating on Behalf Of: Society for Personality and Social Psychology following in the Wake of Anger: When Not Discriminating Is Discriminating

stereotypically threatening racial/ethnic outgroup as the irate guest? Is it possible you would instead generalize the threat perceived in the irate person to other, even neutral, members of that racial/ethnic outgroup? We explore whether seeing a person who signals possibly threatening intentions (e.g., via angry facial expression) influences perceptions of the next person one sees and whether this effect depends on group stereotypes relevant to these individuals (cf. Does seeing a scowling face change your impression of the next person you see? Does this depend on the race of the two people? Across four studies, White participants evaluated neutrally expressive White males as less threatening when they followed angry (relative to neutral) White faces; Black males were not judged as less threatening following angry Black faces. This lack of threat-anchored contrast for Black male faces is not attributable to a general tendency for White targets to homogenize Black males—neutral Black targets following smiling Black faces were contrasted away from them and seen as less friendly—and emerged only for perceivers low in motivation to respond without prejudice (i.e., for those relatively comfortable responding prejudicially). This research provides novel evidence for the overperception of threat in Black males. I magine being invited to a social gathering consisting primarily of people you do not know. One of the guests becomes irate and begins acting in a threatening manner, so you move away and join a different group of people—a group that seems comparatively safe. Might you be less inclined to see this new circle of people as a source of safety if they were members of the same Shapiro et al. / WHEN NOT DISCRIMINATING IS DISCRIMINATING 1357 hypotheses pertaining to physical safety threats that tend to be stereotypically associated with Black males Perceptions of others are profoundly guided by stereotypes held about the groups to which they belong (e. American White perceivers are generally prone to self-protective biases directed toward African Americans (e.g., Schaller, Park, & Faulkner, 2003). Notably, the stereotypes of criminality and aggressiveness associated with Black Americans tend to be directed disproportionately toward Black males (e. consistent with a large literature suggesting that, throughout human history, men have been the primary perpetrators of physical aggression (Daly & Wilson, 1994) and perceptions of aggressiveness and threat are more strongly linked with men than with women What are the implications of this heuristic association between Black males and physical danger for social …
Computational genomic algorithms for miRNA-based diagnosis of lung cancer: the potential of machine learning

The advent of large scale, high-throughput genomic screening has introduced a wide range of tests for diagnostic purposes. Prominent among them are tests using miRNA expression levels. Genomics and proteomics now provide expression levels of hundreds of miRNAs at a time. However, for actual diagnostic tools to become reality requires the simultaneous development of methods to interpret the large amounts of miRNA expression data that can be generated from a single patient sample. Because these data are in numeric form, quantitative methods must be developed. Statistics such as p-values and log fold change give some insight, but the diagnostic effectiveness of each miRNA test must first be evaluated. Here, the author has developed a traditional, sensitivity- and specificity-based algorithm, as well as a modern machine learning algorithm, and evaluated their diagnostic potential for lung cancer against a publicly available database. The findings suggest that the machine learning algorithm achieves higher accuracy (97% for cancerous and 73% for normal samples), in addition to providing confidence intervals that could provide valuable diagnostic support. The machine learning algorithm also has significant potential for expansion to more complex diagnoses of lung cancer sub-types, to other cancers as well diseases beyond cancer. Both algorithms are available on the Github repo: this https URL
Mathematical Modeling of Product Rating: Sufficiency, Misbehavior and Aggregation Rules

Many web services like eBay, Tripadvisor, Epinions, etc, provide historical product ratings so that users can evaluate the quality of products. Product ratings are important since they affect how well a product will be adopted by the market. The challenge is that we only have {\em "partial information"} on these ratings: Each user provides ratings to only a "{\em small subset of products}". Under this partial information setting, we explore a number of fundamental questions: What is the "{\em minimum number of ratings}" a product needs so one can make a reliable evaluation of its quality? How users' {\em misbehavior} (such as {\em cheating}) in product rating may affect the evaluation result? To answer these questions, we present a formal mathematical model of product evaluation based on partial information. We derive theoretical bounds on the minimum number of ratings needed to produce a reliable indicator of a product's quality. We also extend our model to accommodate users' misbehavior in product rating. We carry out experiments using both synthetic and real-world data (from TripAdvisor, Amazon and eBay) to validate our model, and also show that using the "majority rating rule" to aggregate product ratings, it produces more reliable and robust product evaluation results than the "average rating rule".
Review of the Factors That Influence Egg Fertility and Hatchabilty in Poultry

Poultry production at all scales of operation is wholly dependent on the supply of day-old chicks. Fertility and hatchability are two major parameters that highly influence the supply of day-old chicks. Fertility refers to the percentage of incubated eggs that are fertile while hatchability is the percentage of fertile eggs that hatch. It is therefore important to understand the factors that influence fertility and hatchability of eggs. For the hatchability traits, breed has little effect on hatchability of poultry eggs, although light breeds have been reported to have higher fertility and hatchability. The diet of breeder poultry should be adequate in both quality and quantity to meet the recommended levels set out in the feed standards for the category. The most influential egg parameters that influence hatchability are: weight, shell thickness and porosity, shape index (described as maximum breadth to length ratio) and the consistency of the contents. Heat stress reduces the external and internal egg qualities. Heat stress affects all phases of semen production in breeder cocks. Hatchability for small eggs is lower compared to that of medium and large eggs. There are many factors contributing to the failure of a fertile egg to hatch which include lethal genes, insufficient nutrients in the egg and exposure to conditions that do not meet the needs of the developing embryo. Breeder factors that affect hatchability include strain, health, nutrition and age of the flock, egg size, weight and quality, egg storage duration and conditions. The optimum temperature range for poultry is 12-26 C. Fertile eggs should not be o stored for more than 10-14 days, after 14 days of storage; hatchability begins to decline significantly. The position (large end up or vice versa) of egg storage influences hatchability. Eggs stored with the small end up have higher hatchability as compared to the large end up. Incubation of fertile eggs can be done naturally by a broody hen or in an incubator. The broody hen provides the fertile eggs with optimum environmental conditions (temperature, egg turning and humidity) to stimulate embryonic development until hatching. The incubator is a simulated artificial design that mimics the broody hen’s role of providing fertile eggs with optimum environmental conditions (temperature, egg turning and humidity) to stimulate embryonic development until hatching. A constant incubation temperature of 37.8 C is the thermal homeostasis in the o chick embryo and gives the best embryo development and hatchability. Mortality is seen if the temperature drops below 35.6 C or rises above 39.4 C for a number of hours. Egg turning during incubation is critical for o o successful hatching and influences hatchability. No turning of eggs during incubation results in low hatchability and delays hatch by a few days.
Distributed detection with unknown SNR: Separating function and GLRT approaches

In this paper we address distributed detection wherein the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at the individual sensors are unknown. A motivating example is a distributed radar receiver when the target radar cross section and/or the noise variance are unknown at each receiver. Recently it has been shown that detection problems can be converted into the estimation of a separating function (SF) followed by comparison to a threshold. Importantly, using an SF eliminates unknown parameters. Here, since the optimal detector depends on the unknown parameters, we propose a Separating Function Estimation Test (SFET) and a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) at each receiver. Since the likelihood ratio test in the fusion center depends on the detection probability of local receivers, which are unknown, the optimal fusion rule is not applicable. We therefore employ an Asymptotically Optimal SFET (AOSFET) and a GLRT to find a suboptimal fusion rule. We assume that the local SNR at each sensor has a known probability density function. Simulation results show that the SFET outperforms the GLRT in the local detectors and under some conditions, the AOSFET provides better performance as compared to the majority fusion rule.
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Indicators When CAM Positivity in 647 Individuals Has Good Outcome

Med 2012;27:595–600. 3. Detering KM, Hancock AD, Reade MC et al. The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010;340:c1345. 4. Sudore RL, Fried TR. Redefining the “planning” in advance care planning: Preparing for end-of-life decision making. Ann Intern Med 2010;153: 256–261. 5. Fried TR, Bullock K, Iannone L et al. Understanding advance care planning as a process of health behavior change. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:1547– 1555.
B7‐2 expression above a threshold elicits anti‐tumor immunity as effective as interleukin‐12 and prolongs survival in murine B‐cell lymphoma

The costimulatory molecule, B7‐2, is expressed by various lymphomas, but this level of expression is not sufficient to generate effective anti‐tumor immunity in vivo. To determine whether up‐regulated expression of the costimulatory molecule, B7‐2, leads to more effective anti‐tumor immunity in vivo, the A20 murine model of B‐cell lymphoma was used. A20 tumor cells express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II molecules and moderate constitutive levels of B7‐2. While B7‐1 and B7‐2 have been introduced into tumor cells lacking these molecules, studies have not been conducted to determine whether tumors that constitutively express B7‐1 or B7‐2 can be made more immunogenic by increasing the expression of these molecules. In this report, A20/B7‐2 transfectants expressing greater levels of B7‐2 were rejected in syngeneic mice, and systemic immunity against the A20 parental cells was generated. Treatment with the A20/B7‐2 variant cells significantly improved the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. Coinjection with IL‐12 secreting variants did not further augment the anti‐tumor immunity observed for B7‐2 therapy alone. Both CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells mediated the anti‐tumor immune response observed in A20/B7‐2 immunized mice. In mice that developed tumors after immunization with the A20/B7‐2 variant cells, resected tumor cells were shown to express lower levels of B7‐2 than the transfected variants. These results suggest that the level of costimulation is important for the generation of anti‐tumor immunity and for host survival. In addition, tumors appear to be able to evade the immune response by downregulating the expression of B7‐2 below a threshold level. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural Selection, Coevolution, and the Web of Life

Just eight years after the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species, the first issues of The American Naturalist appeared in print. Although originally intended to “popularize the best results of scientific study,” the journal gradually began accepting original contributions to science as well. Each decade resulted in an upping of the ante. The journal published papers on the natural history of species, geology, biogeography, anthropology, archaeology, and, importantly, the application of the theory of natural selection to the traits of species. By the early decades of the twentieth century, it had become one of the venues for competing views on the major processes that drive the evolution of populations. As biologists tried to apply the theory of natural selection to what they observed in nature, studies of interactions among species provided some of the greatest insights. Pollination and mimicry were especially fertile topics, driven initially by Darwin’s book on orchids. Soon thereafter, Henry Bates and Fritz Müller published their studies on the evolution of mimetic forms in the tropics, and Hermann Müller published his studies on reciprocal adaptation between alpine plants and their insect pollinators. Although the original results of these pioneers were published in other journals and in books, The American Naturalist summarized some of the conclusions and became a forum for further discussion and evidence by others. During those years, some biologists also began to explore the evolution of parasitic and mutualistic symbionts. The pages of The American Naturalist were, again, one of the outlets for discussion of these new ideas and results. In the first decades of the twentieth century, however, published studies on interacting species diminished. Evo-
An ontology-based support for knowledge modeling and Decision-Making in Collaborative Product Design

In order to reduce product costs and time-to-market while improving product quality, industrial companies are forced to adopt an effective collaborative product development approach. Greater efficiency can be achieved if this collaboration is realized at the earlier phases of the product lifecycle, particularly, at the design phase. Yet, to achieve such an agile and flexible approach, two major issues need to be solved. First, the exchange and management of product, process and logistic information among many actors (and then semantic interoperability between the different information systems involved) and second, the reactivity of the decision making process. With the emergence of ontologies as a new modeling paradigm in industry during the last decades, efficient integration and semantic interoperability among all the involved inter-actors of the virtual enterprise have become attainable. In fact, in addition to their great expressiveness, ontologies can afford many reasoning capabilities. Therefore, our aim in this paper is to exploit the different potentialities of ontologies in order to support the collaborative product design process. First, we will exploit their expressivity to support the design information and knowledge management and second we will exploit their inference abilities to support the decisionmaking process within the design phase. To do so, we propose a new collaborative design domain ontology, general enough to model simultaneously the product, process and logistic data and specific enough to support the decision making process. Then, in a second part, we extend our proposed ontology into a fuzzy ontological model and exploit its potentialities through the proposition of a new fuzzy-ontology based approach to handle the vagueness and subjectivity inherent to the different stages of the design phase and to support the decision making process at this phase An industrial case of study is given to validate and demonstrate the competency of the proposed ontology (CPD-Onto) and our proposed fuzzy ontology-based approach.
Prevalence and burden of osteoarthritis: results from a population survey in Norway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in knee, hip, and hand in a general population in Norway and the burden of disease in terms of associations between the report of OA and health-related variables. METHODS In 2004, postal questionnaires were sent to all people in a local community born in 1928-30, 1938-40, 1948-50, 1958-60, 1968-70, and 1978-80. A total of 3266 (56.7%) responded. The prevalence of hip, knee, and/or hand OA was obtained by the item "Have you ever been diagnosed with osteoarthritis in hip/knee/hand by a medical doctor or by x-ray? ". RESULTS The overall prevalence of OA was 12.8% (95% CI 11.7-14.0), being significantly higher among women [14.7% (95% CI 13.1-16.4)] than men [10.5% (95% CI 9.0-12.1)]. The prevalence for hip OA was 5.5% (95% CI 4.7-6.3), knee OA 7.1% (95% CI 6.3-8.0), and for hand OA 4.3% (95% CI 3.6-5.0). OA was significantly (all p < 0.001) associated with higher age, less than 12 years of education, being out of work, pain duration > 1 year, pain in several body sites, sick leave for more than 8 weeks, emotional distress, poor sleeping quality, fatigue, and with frequent use of healthcare providers in primary health care. A significant (p = 0.001) dose-response relationship between increasing body mass index and OA was found. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of OA was 12.8% and higher prevalence was found among women and older people, people with less than 12 years of education, those out of work, and those overweight. OA was associated with pain, disability, and poor health status, and frequent use of healthcare providers.
Selective laser melting of nickel superalloys for high temperature applications

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) as a method of netshape manufacture is of growing interest within the aerospace industry. There is currently a lack of understanding of the influence of process variables on the integrity and properties of the as fabricated material. The research presented investigates the SLM fabrication of three nickel superalloys: Primarily CM247LC and CMSX486/IN625 as secondary alloys. CM247LC is Ni-base superalloy hardenable by the precipitation of the coherent \(\gamma\)'phase. It presents a particular challenge due to weld-crack susceptibility. This research aims to establish a processing route for CM247LC components via SLM: Parametric studies are presented to quantitatively assess the cracking behaviour based on microstructural observations; Hot Isostatic Pressing HIPping) has been investigated as a retro-fix solution to cracking; Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD), MicroCT Tomography and microscopy have been used to characterise the SLM microstructure. The \(\gamma\)' evolution through the manufacturing stages (SLM & Heat Treatment) has been examined. Mechanical testing creep/tensile) was performed for comparison against cast material. Research was extended to two additional alloys: CMSX486 and IN625. Statistical design of experiments methodology was used to rapidly establish process parameters for these two alloys and assess them by mechanical testing. In conclusion a processing route capable of yielding fully dense material with a satisfactory \(\gamma\)' structure is presented; however, it involves significant post-fabrication processing which reduces the attractiveness of SLM. Further research is suggested, specifically into modelling and thermal measurement of SLM
Adhesion to fibronectin stimulates inositol lipid synthesis and enhances PDGF-induced inositol lipid breakdown

The aim of these experiments was to investigate whether inositol lipids might mediate some of the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) on cellular form and functions. The lipid phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) plays a role in cytoskeletal regulation while its hydrolysis products, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, serve as second messengers. We therefore measured the effect of adhesion to fibronectin (FN) on PIP2 and its hydrolysis products, in the presence and absence of the soluble mitogen PDGF. PDGF induced a threefold increase in release of water-soluble inositol phosphates in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts when cells were attached to FN, but had little effect in suspended cells. Suppression of inositol phosphate release in unattached cells was not due to dysfunction of the PDGF receptor or failure to activate phospholipase C-gamma; PDGF induced similar tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma under both conditions. By contrast, the total mass of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2), the substrate for PLC-gamma, was found to decrease by approximately 80% when cells were detached from their ECM attachments and placed in suspension in the absence of PDGF. PIP2 levels were restored when suspended cells were replated on FN, demonstrating that the effect was reversible. Furthermore, a dramatic increase in synthesis of PIP2 could be measured in cells within 2 min after reattachment to FN in the absence of PDGF. These results show that FN acts directly to stimulate PIP2 synthesis, and that it also enhances PIP2 hydrolysis in response to PDGF. The increase in PIP2 induced by adhesion may mediate some of the known effects of FN on cell shape and cytoskeletal organization, while regulation of inositol lipid hydrolysis may provide a means for integrating hormone- and ECM-dependent signaling pathways.
“Friend is Treasure”: Exploring and Exploiting Mobile Social Contacts for Efficient Task Offloading

In this paper, we investigate the task offloading issue in mobile social networks. Although the “d-choice” paradigm in “ball and bin” theory had shown the power of random choice in load balancing with a random walk model, its performance could be fairly poor where real-trace data sets are concerned. According to our preliminary evaluation results with “MobiClique,” the “d-choice” scheme could not achieve well-balanced allocations in a real-trace data set. Nevertheless, it would bring fundamental challenges to task reassignment in the following aspects: First of all, some of the friendships are relatively stable, which would lead to a more imbalanced task assignment, even if the “d-choice” scheme is applied for balancing. Second, some users would meet quite infrequently, which could inevitably lead to intolerable time delay and unfair task allocations. In tackling these difficulties, we revisit the real data sets for exploring the contact property among users. We find that the frequently met users could be leveraged for efficient task execution due to higher task priority. To this end, we propose the “ $i$ Top-K” algorithm, leveraging the basic concept, i.e., “your friends are more powerful than you,” which encourages mobile users to assign tasks among intimate friends instead of pure random assignment. With careful selections of “Top-K” friends, we achieve balanced load and guaranteed performance at the same time. Experimental studies verify our scheme and show the effectiveness with three typical data trace sets, including “MobiClique. ” In this typical networking scenario, ours outperforms the conventional random choice scheme up to 15 $\times$ and the social relationship assignment without priority method up to 9 $\times$. Moreover, the “Top-K” scheme could be adaptive, even when no intimate friends are available. By scaling the “K” factor to larger values, our scheme outperforms random assignment and could be inspiringly close to the optimal solution. In summary, ours could effectively explore the social relationship and leverage it for efficient task assignment, which would further encourage more mobile users to work together under the rule of social contacts.