Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An effective frequency-domain feature of atrial fibrillation based on 1 time-frequency analysis 2

3 Background: Atrial fibrillation is a type of persistent arrhythmia that can lead 4 to serious complications. Therefore, accurate and quick detection of atrial 5 fibrillation by surface electrocardiogram has great importance on further 6 treatment. The practical electrocardiogram signals contain various interferences 7 in different frequencies, such as myoelectricity interference, power interference 8 and so on. Detection speed and accuracy largely depend on the atrial 9 fibrillation signal features extracted by the algorithm. But some of the 10 discovered atrial fibrillation features are not well distinguishable, resulting in 11 poor classification effect. 12 Methods: This paper proposed a high distinguishable frequency feature - the 13 frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in the frequency 14 spectrum. We used the R-R interval detection method optimized with the 15 mathematical morphology method and combined with the wavelet transform 16 method for analysis. According to the two features - the maximum amplitude 17 in the frequency spectrum and R-R interval irregular, we could recognize atrial 18 fibrillation signals in electrocardiogram signals by decision tree classification 19 algorithm. 20 Results: The data used in the experiment come from the MIT-BIH database, 21 which is publicly accessible via the web and with ethical approval and consent. 22 Based on the input of time-domain and frequency-domain features, we 23 classified sinus rhythm signals and AF signals using the decision tree generated 24 by classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm. From the confusion 25 matrix, we got the accuracy was 98.9%, sensitivity was 97.93% and specificity 26 was 99.63%. 27 Conclusions: The experimental results can prove the validity of the maximum 28 amplitude in the frequency spectrum and the practicability and accuracy of the 29 detection method, which applied this frequency-domain feature. Through the 30 detection method, we obtained good accuracy of classifying sinus rhythm 31 signals and atrial fibrillation signals. And the sensitivity and specificity of our 32 method were pretty good by comparison with other studies.
Nutrient Management In Effluents DerivedFrom Agricultural Industries:An Australian Perspective

The effluents derived from agricultural industries are major sources of wastewater with significant amounts of nutrients and organic load. Australia’s agricultural industries have experienced rapid growth in recent years, with nearly 152 abattoirs, 1798 wine industries, 9256 dairy farms and 1835 piggeries in operation. Agricultural industries require huge volumes of water for processing the farm products towards commercial value and quality. For instance, around 200 L of water required for processing a cattle in an abattoir; around 2.4-2.5 L for producing 1 L of wine; 500-800 L for 1 L of milk; and 12-45 L for sow and litter management in piggeries. As a result, these industries generate huge volumes of wastewater. For example, Australian meat industries produce an average of 4000 m3/day wastewater, with high concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The annual average N and P loads in some of the farm effluents are: abattoir – 722 and 722 t; winery – 280 and 280 t; dairy – 150000 and 110000 t; and piggery – 72895 and 5075t. With Australia’s average fertiliser consumption being 1 Mt N and 0.5 Mt P, the huge amounts of N and P from the agricultural effluents can be re-used as a potential alternative for fertiliser usage. Sustainable management of nutrients in the wastewater irrigated soil is a critical step to prevent contamination of both surface and ground-water. The available technologies for wastewater treatment require high investment. Hence, using high biomass-producing plants (e.g., Pennisetum purpureum and Arundo donax) as remediators, which also has the potential to uptake high amount of nutrients and heavy metals, can serve as a cost effective technology. Consequently, the www.witpress. com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 168, © 201 WIT Press 2 Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage IV 213 doi:10.2495/SI120 1 18 plants used not only act as remediators, but also provide biomass that can also be used for energy generation, paper production and as a feed for animals.
Caracterización molecular de aislamientos mexicanos del virus de la anemia infecciosa del pollo, a través de polimorfismo en la longitud de fragmentos de restricción

LA ANEMIA INFECCIOSA DEL POLLO ES UNA DE LAS ENFERMEDADES INMUNODEPRESORAS MAS FRECUENTES DE LAS AVES DOMESTICAS. EL AGENTE CAUSAL ES UN GYROVIRUS. SE IDENTIFICARON 30 MUESTRAS DE VIRUS DE ANEMIA INFECCIOSA MEDIANTE LA AMPLIFICACION POR PCR DE UN FRAGMENTO DE 675 BP, CORRESPONDIENTE AL EXTREMO AMINOTERMINAL DEL GEN DE LA PROTEINA VPI. LOS FRAGMENTOS AMPLIFICADOS FUERON CARACTERIZADOS MEDIANTE EL POLIMORFISMO EN LA LONGITUD DE LOS FRAGMENTOS DE RESTRICCION, UTILIZANDO LAS ENDONUCLEASAS HAEIII, HINFI Y HPAII. DE LAS 30 MUESTRAS, 12 SE CLASIFICARON EN CUATRO GRUPOS VIRALES PREVIAMENTE DESCRITOS, MIENTRAS QUE LAS 18 RESTANTES FORMARON SEIS GRUPOS MAS, ALGUNOS DE ELLOS NUEVOS. ESTOS RESULTADOS INDICAN QUE LA VARIABILIDAD GENETICA DE LOS VIRUS DE ANEMIA INFECCIOSA ES AMPLIA E INCLUYE TIPOS VIRALES SIMILARES A OTRAS REGIONES DEL MUNDO Y VARIANTES LOCALES NUEVAS.
Lobbying na Regulação Contábil: Evidências do Setor Petrolífero

This work aims to identify the determining factors in the submission of comment letters to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on the discussion paper Extractive Activities as a lobbying strategy in the context of accounting regulation. The results show that size is a determining factor in all models used, indicating that large oil companies are more likely to lobby. This tendency is especially evident for companies that are predominantly opposed to the IASB proposals, which suggests that the IASB's review/replacement of International Financial Reporting Standards 6 (IFRS 6) will be a complex process subject to pressure from oil companies to maintain the status quo.
A J C SIAN OURNAL OF HEMISTRY A J C SIAN OURNAL OF HEMISTRY

For the simultaneous determination of repaglinide and metformin hydrochloride in bulk, an effective and simple UHPLC method was developed and validated and applied to marketed repaglinide and metformin products. The mobile phase used for chromatographic runs consisted of 30 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.7) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) separation was implemented using isocratic mode on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. Drug peaks were well separated and a 232 nm DAD detector observed them. The method was linear for repaglinide and metformin at the concentration range of 20-100 µg/mL, respectively. The method has been validated with respect to system suitability, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness according to ICH guidelines. Repaglinide and metformin forced degradation studies were conducted for under acidic, base, neutral (peroxide), thermal and photo conditions.
Equivalent Elevation: A New Method to Incorporate Variable Surface Lapse Rates into Mountain Permafrost Modelling

Permafrost is present at multiple elevations with no defined lower limit in the southern Yukon Territory, Canada. Empirical statistical modelling of permafrost probability in the region required the development of equivalent elevation, a new variable that reflects measured differences between surface air temperature lapse rates below and above treeline. In areas where surface lapse rates are negative (normal) but gentle up to the altitudinal treeline, equivalent elevation results in a compressed elevational range. Where surface lapse rates are positive (inverted) in the forest due to the strength of winter inversions, equivalent elevations calculated for valley floors are higher than those at treeline. There is a strong relationship between the magnitude and sign of surface lapse rates below treeline and the annual amplitude of monthly air temperatures at nearby climate stations, which permits prediction of equivalent elevation for the entire region. Permafrost probability modelling using equivalent elevation produced statistically significant results in several study areas whereas actual elevation values did not. The concept is of particular use where forested areas are underlain by permafrost and may be transferable to areas with similar terrain and climate such as those in the Canadian Northwest Territories, Alaska and Mongolia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an Ancient Back‐Arc Basin Overlying Continental Crust: The Archean Peltier Formation, Northwest Territories, Canada

The 2.67–2.69‐Ga Peltier Formation of the Point Lake volcanic belt, central Slave Province, Canada, is a mafic‐dominated succession that erupted in a back‐arc basin overlying sialic crust. The formation overlies the 3.22‐Ga Augustus Granite, is interstratified with the >2.65‐Ga turbiditic Contwoyto Formation, and is associated with 2.68‐Ga felsic and intermediate volcaniclastic rocks of the Samandre and Beauparlant Formations. Mafic rocks in the Peltier Formation range from N‐MORB (mid‐ocean ridge basalt) with flat to slightly LREE‐ (light rare earth element) enriched patterns, to tholeiitic LREE‐enriched E‐MORB with Nb and Ti depletions, and finally to strongly LREE‐enriched calc‐alkaline compositions with marked Nb and Ti depletions. The εNd values are between −2.94 and +3.06 and increase with decreasing (La/Yb)n ratios. Insulation of the conduit walls during ascent of early magmas may have limited the effects of crustal contamination over time. A possible tectonic model for the Point Lake belt evolution involves eruption of tholeiitic basalts between 2700 and 2680 Ma and calc‐alkaline basalts and andesites between 2680 and 2660 Ma into a back‐arc that developed following extension and rifting of an older remnant arc overlying continental crust. Construction of a new arc and subsequent mass wasting resulted in the deposition of felsic‐intermediate volcaniclastic material. Continuous erosion of the continental crust during volcanic activity is represented by the interstratification of turbidites and volcanic rocks.
Stratospheric NO2 observations at the Jungfraujoch Station between June 1990 and May 1992

Observations of nitrogen dioxide have been performed at the International Scientific Station at the Jungfraujoch (46.5°N, 8.0°E) during the winters 1990–1991 and 1991–1992. Vertical abundances of NO2 were obtained by measuring the scattered sunlight at the zenith, during sunset and sunrise, using the differential absorption method in the visible spectrum. The comparison between the two winters shows a NO2 reduction of 15% in March–May 1992, following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. This decrease is likely to be due to heterogeneous reactions on the volcanic aerosols converting N2O5 to HNO3. Radiative interferences on ground-based visible absorption measurements of NO2 caused by the enhanced aerosol layer are considered to be negligible (Perliski and Solomon, 1992). The results are discussed with respect to measurements made at Lauder, New Zealand (45°S, 170°E) and published by Johnston et al. (1992).
Fluometuron Sorption and Degradation in Cores of Silt Loam Soil from Different Tillage and Cover Crop Systems

Fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl- N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] urea], a herbicide used on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), is fairly mobile in soil. This study quantified effects of tillage (conventional-till [CT] and no-till [NT]) and cover crop (native vegetation, hairy vetch [ Vicia villosa] and wheat [Triticum aestivum]) on fluometuron sorption and degradation in intact cores (10-cm diam. by approximately 7.5 cm long) of Gigger (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs) soil. Batch sorption was well described by Freundlich isotherms. Sorption generally increased with soil organic C and was greater in NT, than in CT, 0- to 3-cm soil. No-till soil had more earthworms and arthropods. suggesting greater physical heterogeneity and potential physical nonequilibrium during transport. Tracer elution from slightly unsaturated (-0.1 bar) cores did not show preferential flow. First-order degradation rate constants were obtained by fitting a convective-dispersive/ diffusive transport model to effluent fluometuron concentrations from seven simulated rains. Degradation was faster in NT, than in CT, native soil (k d s = 0.09 and 0.04 d -1 ). Tillage did not affect degradation in the vetch (k d s = 0.07 d -1 ) or wheat (k d s = 0.8 d -1 ) soils. Degradation in CT and NT vetch cores was faster than in an earlier batch study. To the extent intact cores better represent field conditions than homogeneous soil, degradation in cores may more accurately reflect degradation in the field.
TOP MANAGEMENT TURNOVER FOLLOWING ACQUISITIONS

Research shows that top management turnover increases in the years following acquisitions and it is influenced by numerous macro-, meso-and micro-level factors. Yet the role of individuals’ experiences in explaining the decisions to leave remains inconclusive. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how M&As affect the top management turnover and what kind of individual-level factors explain the top managers’ decisions to leave the company after acquisition. The perspective is based on psychological theories concerning stress, organizational identity, role and job characteristics. The topic is studied by reviewing literature concerning the human side of M&As, and as a result, an indicative model on the underlying reasons and determinants of top management turnover following M&As is constructed. The relationships between M&A-implied changes, psychological states and employee reactions are presented. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis propose that top managers of the merged organizations go through periods of severe changes that put them under significant pressure. This causes top managers to feel uncertain, threatened and stressed, which results in psychological and behavioural responses such as changes in job satisfaction, work motivation and turnover intentions. These reactions are further related to increased turnover. The findings emphasize the serious consequences M&As have for the individuals involved. The negative reactions result in increased turnover that might be related to lower post-M&A performance. To minimize the potential negative outcomes, best practices should be identified, and formal social policies developed.
Antibiotic Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates, Antimicrobial Peptides and Cell Membrane Disruption to the Control of E. coli Infections

The treatment of Escherichia coli infections has been seriously complicated due to the appearance of multidrug-resistant isolates and the rapid distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing species. In recent years there has been considerable effort to develop alternative therapies to traditional antibiotics for infection diseases caused by antimicrobial agents. The mechanisms by which antimicrobial compounds induce bacterial damage have been suggested to be interaction with membranes, formation of pores lined by both lipids and peptides, or by a more general “Anionic lipid clustering,” and other specific mechanisms. The major constituents of the lipid bilayer on the outer membrane of E. coli as a Gram-negative bacteria are lipopolysaccharide, zwitterionic core oligosaccharides, saturated fatty acid chains with zwitterionic phospholipid head groups, and lipid A functionalized with anionic phosphate groups. Research findings emphasize the importance of the membrane composition of E. coli in determining the susceptibility to certain antimicrobial agents, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and successful treatment.
Characterizing a Ground Water Basin in a New England Mountain and Valley Terrain

A ground water basin is defined as the volume of subsurface through which ground water flows from the water table to a specified discharge location. Delineating the topographically defined surface water basin and extending it vertically downward does not always define the ground water basin. Instead, a ground water basin is more appropriately delineated by tracking ground water flowpaths with a calibrated, three‐dimensional ground water flow model. To determine hydrologic and chemical budgets of the basin, it is also necessary to quantify flow through each hydrogeologic unit in the basin. In particular, partitioning ground water flow through unconsolidated deposits versus bedrock is of significant interest to hillslope hydrologic studies. To address these issues, a model is developed and calibrated to simulate ground water flow through glacial deposits and fractured crystalline bedrock in the vicinity of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Tracking of ground water flowpaths suggests that Mirror Lake and its inlet streams drain a ground water recharge area that is about 1.5 times the area of the surface water basin. Calculation of the ground water budget suggests that, of the recharge that enters the Mirror Lake ground water basin, about 40% travels through the basin along flowpaths that stay exclusively in the glacial deposits, and about 60% travels along flowpaths that involve movement in bedrock.
Detection and recognition of end-of-speed-limit and supplementary signs for improved european speed limit support

We present two new features for our prototype of European Speed Limit Support system: detection and recognition of end-of-speed-limit signs, as well as a framework for detection and recognition of supplementary signs located below main signs and modifying their scope (particular lane, class of vehicle, etc.). The end-of-speed-limit signs are globallyrecognized by a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. The supplementary signs are detected by applying a rectangle-detection in a region below recognized speed-limit signs, followed by a MLP neural network recognition. A common French+German end-of-speed-limit signs recognition has been designed and successfully tested, yielding 82% detection+recognition. Results for detection and recognition of a first kind of supplementary sign (French exit-lane) are already satisfactory (78% correct detection rate), and our framework can easily be extended to handle other types of supplementary signs. To our knowledge, we are the first team presenting results on detection and recognition of supplementary signs below speed signs, which is a crucial feature for a reliable Speed Limit Support.
Glaciofluvial crevasse and conduit fills as indicators of supraglacial dewatering during a surge, Skeiðarárjökull, Iceland

Abstract This paper documents the glaciological structures associated with the surge of Skeiðarárjökull, Iceland, in 1991. These structures are interpreted as units of stratified ice, low-angle fractures, vertical and sub-vertical fractures (crevasse traces) and thrusts. The inferred thrusts are debris-rich and, unusually, have both down-glacier and up-glacier dips close to the ice margin. Sediment infills consist of either massive sand or horizontally stratified sand units. The most significant debris-rich structures on the glacier surface, however, are supraglacial crevasse and conduit fills, which contain either massive or horizontally stratified silts, sands and granule-gravels. These sediments infill both vertical fractures (relict crevasses) and englacial conduits. At the stratigraphic base of these sediment fills there is evidence of syn-sedimentary deformation, suggesting that sedimentation occurred during crevasse closure and continued thereafter. We argue that these structures relate to an episode of supraglacial meltwater flow during the 1991 surge, caused by the build-up of subglacial water pressure in a linked-cavity system or some similar distributed drainage system beneath the glacier. The development of this high-level drainage route may have helped regulate basal water pressures and therefore the active phase of the surge. The idea that the supraglacial leakage of subglacial water may have played a role in terminating the surge is explored.
Embedding Space Interpolation Beyond Mini-Batch, Beyond Pairs and Beyond Examples

Mixup refers to interpolation-based data augmentation, originally motivated as a way to go beyond empirical risk minimization (ERM). Its extensions mostly focus on the definition of interpolation and the space (input or feature) where it takes place, while the augmentation process itself is less studied. In most methods, the number of generated examples is limited to the mini-batch size and the number of examples being interpolated is limited to two (pairs), in the input space. We make progress in this direction by introducing MultiMix, which generates an arbitrarily large number of interpolated examples beyond the mini-batch size and interpolates the entire mini-batch in the embedding space. Effectively, we sample on the entire convex hull of the mini-batch rather than along linear segments between pairs of examples. On sequence data, we further extend to Dense MultiMix. We densely interpolate features and target labels at each spatial location and also apply the loss densely. To mitigate the lack of dense labels, we inherit labels from examples and weight interpolation factors by attention as a measure of confidence. Overall, we increase the number of loss terms per mini-batch by orders of magnitude at little additional cost. This is only possible because of interpolating in the embedding space. We empirically show that our solutions yield significant improvement over state-of-the-art mixup methods on four different benchmarks, despite interpolation being only linear. By analyzing the embedding space, we show that the classes are more tightly clustered and uniformly spread over the embedding space, thereby explaining the improved behavior.
Intelligent information systems

The subject matter of the article is the method of automating the identification of vehicle plate numbers based on the processing of one-aspect images obtained using video recording means. The goal is to provide automation of the process of identifying vehicle plate numbers within a wide range of changing the viewing angles and the levels of illumination. The task is formulation of the method of automated identification of vehicle plate numbers on one-aspect images, which are obtained by means of video fixation within wide limits of changing both the viewing angles and the levels of illumination. Analysis of the problems of methods and algorithms of automated detection and recognition of vehicle plate numbers has shown that it is most promising to use flexible algorithms that adapt to the changing conditions of observation of traffic control devices. One of the promising technologies for implementing such algorithms is the application of artificial neural networks. The solution of the problem of recognition of vehicle plate numbers can be represented as a complex of image processing and analysis of algorithms, which includes the initial preparation of the image, the discovery of the area of the vehicle plate on the image, the segmentation of symbols and the recognition of symbols. Conclusions: an algorithmically implemented method of identifying vehicle plate numbers, which makes possible searching the text areas under an arbitrary angle in different lighting conditions, is proposed. This method allows automating the process of identification of vehicle plate numbers within a wide range of distances to the car, as well as viewing the angles and levels of illumination. The purpose of further research is to improve the proposed method for its implementation, using modern software and hardware.