Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FlySPEX: Channeled Spectropolarimeter for Atmosphere Remote Sensing

CONTEXT. Spectropolarimetry is proposed as a relatively new option in the field of remote sensing for the characterization of aerosol particles and the investigation of cloud properties, that are key factors for the enhancement of climate model's accuracy. The use of multi-wavelength, multi-angle information of the scattered flux and polarization light can lead to the characterization of these particles with unprecedented detail. AIMS. In this context, FlySPEX is a new concept of miniaturized spectropolarimeter that features an innovative system for the polarimetric information encoding in a very limited volume. The aim of this work is to assess an initial estimation of this instrument's accuracy, to create a pipeline for the data reduction of the signal received and to perform a feasibility study in order to adapt this technology to a small satellite mission. METHODS a RESULTS. In order to assess the performance of the instrument a calibration procedure in the optical laboratory has been performed, using 100 % linearly polarized light. A first estimation of the instrument accuracy showed a maximum residual of 0.0056 and a mean residual value of 0.002. A system engineering approach has been developed in order to perform a first study on a space mission concept for the instrument, studying different configurations and analyzing the instrument performance with respect to size, power, pointing accuracy, data rate and resolution of the retrieved data. A 3U CubeSat standard was proposed for the concept of a future space mission and the instrument was adapted to this standard. Twenty viewing points will observe Earth's atmosphere and transmit the signals to a single spectrometer, designed in order to be perfectly compliant with the spacecraft dimensions. Only 1U of the spacecraft is occupied by the payload.
Renovated GOSAT operation beyond the designed lifetime

To observe the global column concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from space, the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) was launched on January 23, 2009, and has started the operational observation. Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) has been continuously measuring CO2 and CH4 distributions globally, and supporting the global carbon cycle elucidation. It is important to monitor the greenhouse gases in long-term period with same data quality. During 7.5 years operational periods, GOSAT passed the designed lifetime, which is 5 years, and some components report the change of characteristic in-orbit. The pointing mechanism, which has a capability of change a line of scene both of along track and cross track, is equipped on GOSAT. To keep the quality of spectra from TANSO-FTS and try to ambitious observation plan, the pointing mechanism is switched to the backup one in January 2015. In addition, the spectral resolution is degraded due to the bias of ZPD position science 2014. The compensation algorithm is developed and implemented on the operational system and completed the reprocessing for all passed observation data. The pointing mechanism, observation pattern, and processing algorithm were renovated, and GOSAT can provide the long-term and consistent quality spectra.
Women misjudge men’s physical characteristics based on vocal cues

ABSTRACT Voice is an important biological cue, which may reveal a significant amount of information about an individual. Particularly in males, it plays a crucial role in processes like male competition or sexual selection. Additionally, voice can provide a cue for body size assessment. This study investigates the relationship between male voice characteristics and physical features (assessed by women) and determines the accuracy of these assessments. Three groups of female judges assessed 60 male voices (20 different voices per group) across seven categories of male physical features: height, body fat, musculature, body shape, hirsuteness, age and strength. Recordings of five vowels and sentence and number of anthropometric measurements were made for each of the studied men. Intra- and extragroup agreement of assessments of men’s physical characteristics was demonstrated. Men with lower fundamental frequency (F0 ) and lower formant dispersion (Df ) values were perceived as being heavier, older, stronger and more likely to have chest hair. However, across all the analysed fields of assessment, no accuracy was registered between estimates and men’s actual physical characteristics. These findings suggest that females were guided by stereotypes in their assessment of men’s appearance from voice alone. We propose the size exaggeration hypothesis as an explanation of this phenomenon
DISTANCE SPECTRA AND DISTANCE ENERGY OF SOME CLUSTER GRAPHS

The D-eigenvalues (distance eigenvalues) of a connected graph G are the eigenvalues of the distance matrix D = D(G) of G. The collection of D - eigenvalues is the D - spectrum (distance spectrum) of G. In this paper, the distance polynomial, distance spectra and distance energy of some edge deleted graphs called cluster graphs are obtained.
Therapeutic evaluation of postoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy on cardiopulmonary complications in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Postoperative chemotherapy (pCT), together with chemoradiotherapy (pCRT), is well used for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus. However, these adjuvant therapies may cause serious adverse effects resulting in higher postoperative morbidity. Methods: In this study, we aim to assess and compare the postoperative cardiopulmonary complications as a result of pCT and pCRT in patients with esophageal cancer. PCT (n = 182) or pCRT (n = 153) was conducted to treat patients with esophageal cancer. Results: A significantly higher percentage of pneumonia was diagnosed in patients with the pCRT treatment compared with pCT group (P < 0.01). In comparison to the pCT treated group, pCRT treatment patients showed significantly decreased early diastolic filling velocity (P < 0.01) and higher plasma level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (P < 0.01). Moreover, pCRT treatment was associated with higher pneumonia risk and increased NT-proBNP level significantly by a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: pCRT treatment increased the percentage of cardiopulmonary complications in comparison with pCT treatment.
Global study of Rayleigh–Duffing oscillators

In this paper we investigate the global dynamics of Rayleigh–Duffing oscillators with global parameters, including equilibria at both finity and infinity, existences and coexistence of limit cycles and homoclinic loops. In fact, this oscillator will occur Hopf bifurcations, homoclinic bifurcations and double limit cycle bifurcations. Moreover, we find that the homoclinic bifurcation of this oscillator is special which is a gluing bifurcation. The global bifurcation diagram and all phase portrait are given, and numerical simulations are shown to verify our analysis finally.
Knowledge Retention From Emergency Medicine Simulation-Based Learning Curriculum for Pre-clinical Medical Students

Introduction Traditional medical school curricula rely on textbook-based learning during the first two years, often limiting students' clinical exposure. Simulation-based learning (SBL) provides an opportunity for students to gain clinical exposure and competency with common procedures as well as to gain knowledge related to common clinical topics. Retention of factual knowledge is a current topic of discussion as medical learners often have difficulty with long-term retention. The aim of this study was to assess if students would learn, retain, and enjoy emergency medicine (EM)-focused SBL. Materials and methods We developed an EM-focused SBL curriculum consisting of four main educational events: suturing, medical stabilization, mass casualty triage, and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Participants were first- and second-year healthcare students enrolled in a traditional, preclinical curriculum, who completed pre- and post-event quizzes consisting of multiple-choice questions on topics covered during the SBL scenario. We compared pre- and post-event quiz scores using a one-way paired t-test. Quizzes were readministered up to 100 days after each SBL event to test knowledge retention, and scores were compared across time by repeated-measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA). Results For suture (n=22), mass casualty (n=20), and ultrasound simulations (n=17), post-event mean quiz scores increased significantly in comparison to mean quiz scores from before the event (p≤0.05). Medical stabilization simulation post-event scores were increased but did not reach statistical significance. Data collected at 45, 74, and 94 days following the suture lab as well as 29 and 49 days after the medical evacuation event, and 20 days after the mass casualty event showed no statistical decrease in quiz means suggesting retention of knowledge among learners. Subjective assessments of participant satisfaction demonstrated an enjoyment of the events. Discussion EM-focused SBL events offered enjoyable learning opportunities for students to effectively obtain and possibly retain clinical knowledge. Conclusion SBL has the potential to improve student retention of clinical knowledge during the preclinical years and, therefore, should be further explored and implemented as a core pillar of medical education as opposed to its current state as a learning adjunct.
Efecto de la utilización de harina de vísceras de pollo en los parámetros productivos de lechones destetados

En la alimentación de cerdos el costo significativo esta influenciado por el uso de alimentos balanceados, por ende, se evaluó el uso de la harina de vísceras de pollo (HV) en lechones destetados y el efecto sobre los parámetros productivos. Se utilizó 36 lechones machos y hembras de 28 días de edad, distribuidos en tres tratamientos diferentes: T1 con pienso comercial (PC), T2 con el 50% de PC y 50% de harina de vísceras (HV), T3 con 0% PC y 100% HV. Se evaluó el consumo alimenticio, ganancia media diaria de peso, conversión alimenticia, rentabilidad, morbilidad, mortalidad, mediante la prueba de Anova y para ver que tratamiento fue significativo donde se utilizó la prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey, por otro lado, se utilizó el algoritmo de árbol de decisión para ver que tratamiento es más rentable al utilizar todas las variables entrada. Se comprobó que existen diferencias significativas con respecto a: peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia al 95% de significancia. Mediante el algoritmo de árbol de decisión el tratamiento de mayor rentabilidad es T2. En base a los resultados, la harina de vísceras de pollo puede ser utilizada al 100% en lechones destetados, pero en cuanto a la rentabilidad es T2 por su aporte en lo que respecta a producción de carne por kg y bajo costo comercial.
Broadband/Dual-Band Metal-Mountable UHF RFID Tag Antennas: A Systematic Review, Taxonomy Analysis, Standards of Seamless RFID System Operation, Supporting IoT Implementations, Recommendations, and Future Directions

The employment of broadband/dual-band ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas contributes to the growth of RFID technology, with many potential implications, such as the increase of international trade, and reducing costs thereof. This study presents all reported articles on RFID tags for metal objects that can work seamlessly across different countries. Moreover, it addresses all available approaches to design of wideband/dual-band metal-mountable tag antennas and showcases the techniques used to expand the tag bandwidth. The relevant works were gathered by applying a designated query ‘(“tag antenna*” OR “RFID tag*”) AND (metal*) AND (“broadband” OR “wideband” OR “dual band” OR “tri band”)’ in three scientific research engines (Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus). The final set is determined on the basis of the exclusion and inclusion criteria, revealing 38 articles. The selected papers were categorized into five groups based on the tag structure, and all techniques utilized to widen the bandwidth of each specific structure. This taxonomy attempts to provide a deeper insight into the considered topic through a comprehensive presentation. The bandwidth measurement criterion, which is 3-dB return loss (RL) bandwidth is selected due to showing an adequate reading distance on the edge of the bandwidth. In addition, the criterion clarifies the operation frequencies that facilitate the worldwide operation of the RFID technology. This article fosters adaptation of suitable regulations to support the use of RFID systems, and researchers to design proper metal-mountable tags, which must be assessed based on operating frequencies, performance, size, cost, and compatibility with the targeted applications.
Radiative feedback effects during reionization

During the first billion years after the big bang, the large-scale cosmic web of structures we see today began to form. This was followed by the first stars and galaxies, which brought an end to the Dark Ages. These first luminous sources are thought to be the prime candidates which fuelled cosmic reionization, the last major phase transition of the Universe, from a neutral inter-galactic medium following recombination to the ionized state it remains in today. The physical processes which drive reionization encapsulate several areas of research, from cosmology and galaxy formation to radiative transfer and atomic physics. Even with the wealth of present-day observational information at our disposal, the processes are still not fully understood. Therefore we cannot model reionization analytically, instead turning to numerical simulations using observations to constrain our models. We perform a suite of fully-coupled radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation in cosmological volumes to probe the self-feedback of galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. This research focuses on the transport of gas from the intergalactic medium onto dark matter halos, and consequences for semi-analytical models of galaxy formation. To improve on existing methods, which constrain the halo baryon fraction during reionization, we develop and train an artificial neural network to predict this quantity based on the physical properties of haloes. We demonstrate that this model is independent of redshift and reionization history, and can be trivially incorporated into semi-analytical models of galaxy formation. We further probe the physical processes which allow ionizing photons to escape from galaxies to reionize the Universe, specifically how stellar evolution uncertainties such as binary populations influence this process. Finally, we investigate to what extent a relative supersonic drift velocity between baryons and dark matter, present at recombination, may suppress the formation of the first objects and fundamentally alter their evolution. To do this, we develop a new method based on cosmological zoom simulations to include this effect in boxes much larger than the coherence length of the relative velocity for the first time.
Phishing Website Detection Using Machine Learning: A Review

Phishing, a form of cyber attack in which perpetrators employ fraudulent websites or emails to Deceive individuals into divulging sensitive information such as passwords or financial data, can be mitigated through various machine-learning algorithms for website detection. These algorithms, including decision trees, support vector machines, and Random Forest, analyze multiple website features, such as URL structure, website content, and the presence of specific keywords or patterns, to ascertain the likelihood of a website being a phishing site. This comprehensive review elucidates the concept of phishing website detection and the diverse techniques employed while summarizing previous studies, their outcomes, and their contributions. Overall, machine learning algorithms serve as a potent tool in the identification of phishing websites, thereby safeguarding users against falling prey to such malicious attacks.
COVID-19: Academic, Financial, and Mental Health Challenges Faced by International Students in the United States Due to the Pandemic

Background and objective Many international students often face challenges regarding their mental health, finances, and academics. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak may have presented unprecedented challenges to many foreign students in these aspects. Our study examined the academic, financial, and mental health challenges encountered by international students residing in the United States due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examined the association between the mental health of the respondents and the academic and financial challenges they encountered. Method The study involved international students enrolled at Texas A&M University, who identified themselves as non-US citizens or non-permanent residents. We conducted a cross-sectional study by using Qualtrics® to explore the three domains of the study. Questions included in previous studies were modified to assess the academic and financial status while the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) score was used to assess the mental health of the respondents. We presented descriptive statistics for all domains and used an ordered logistic regression to further analyze the effect of the other domains on the mental health of the respondents. Results Of the 281 respondents, the majority (79%) experienced challenges with online classes; 91% reported having negative emotions and some students (24%) lost funding due to the pandemic. The inability to pay bills resulted in a three-fold increase in the likelihood of reporting higher mental distress [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 3.051, 95% CI: 1.665-5.591; p<0.001], and experiencing academic challenges led to a seven-fold increase in the likelihood of reporting higher mental distress (aOR: 7.236, 95% CI: 3.168-12.530; p<0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major challenge to international students and its impact on the mental health of the participants was aggravated by concurrent academic and financial hardships.
Review of Mariusz Maziarz’s The Philosophy of Causality in Economics: Causal Inferences and Policy Proposals. New York: Routledge, 2020, xiv + 208 pp.

It is common to find causal statements in economics journals. In a recent article, for example, Babina et al. claim that “negative federal funding shocks reduce high-tech entrepreneurship and publications but increase patenting” (2023, 1). Unfortunately, t he actual meaning of ‘cause’ is not always explicitly spelled out. What does ‘cause’ mean in these statements? Do they connote the same meaning? More concretely, what do economists mean when they say X causes Y ? These questions motivate Mariusz Ma-ziarz’s i ntriguing book on causality. Based on a previous systematic literature analysis
Female Sex Hormones Upregulate the Replication Activity of HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG but Not HIV-1 Subtype B

More than 50% of all people living with HIV worldwide are women. Globally, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death among women aged 15 to 44. The safe and effective methods of hormonal contraception are an essential component of preventive medical care in order to reduce maternal and infant mortality. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the effect of hormones on the rate of viral replication in HIV infection, especially non-B subtypes. The goal of the present work was to study in vitro how the female hormones β-estradiol and progesterone affect the replication of the HIV-1 subtypes A6, CRF02_AG, and B. The findings show that high doses of hormones enhanced the replication of HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 by an average of 1.75 times and the recombinant variant CRF02_AG by 1.4 times but did not affect the replication of HIV-1 subtype B. No difference was detected in the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors on the cell surface, either in the presence or absence of hormones. However, one of the reasons for the increased viral replication could be the modulated TLRs secretion, as it was found that high doses of estradiol and progesterone upregulated, to varying degrees, the expression of TLR2 and TLR9 genes in the PBMCs of female donors infected with HIV-1 sub-subtype A6.
Efficacy of Occlusal Splints and Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Mandibular Range of Motion in Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement with Reduction

ABSTRACT Aims and Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of four conservative therapeutic modalities on the mandibular range of motion (MRM) in subjects with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Materials and Methods: One hundred patients (64 women and 36 men) were selected, and randomly distributed into four groups. Group I: Subjects receiving behavioral therapy (BT). Group II: Subjects receiving low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Group III: Subjects receiving maxillary anterior repositioning splint (MARS). Group IV: Subjects receiving stabilization splint (SS). The MRM was evaluated for each patient before treatment and after 6 months. Paired t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for statistical analysis followed by a post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: All groups showed significant improvement in MRM after 6 months of treatment (P ≤ 0.05) except for BT. There was a significant improvement for SS and MARS on the different movements of MRM, more than for LLLT and BT (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The MARS and the SS are effective in increasing the MRM for patients with ADDwR.
Visual Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Treatment on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Real-World Population-Based Cohort Study

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) leads to visual impairment if not treated promptly. Intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs have revolutionized nAMD treatment in the past two decades. We evaluated the visual outcomes of anti-VEGF treatment in nAMD. A real-life population-based cohort study. The data included parameters for age, sex, age at diagnosis, laterality, chronicity, symptoms, visual outcomes, lens status, and history of intravitreal injections. A total of 1088 eyes (827 patients) with nAMD were included. Visual acuity was stable or improved in 984 eyes (90%) after an average of 36 ± 25 months of follow-up. Bevacizumab was the first-line drug in 1083 (99.5%) eyes. Vision improved ≥15 ETDRS letters in 377 (35%), >5 ETDRS letters in 309 (28%), and was stable (±5 ETDRS letters) in 298 (27%) eyes after anti-VEGF treatment. The loss of 5 ≤ 15 ETDRS letters in 44 (4%) eyes and ≥15 ETDRS letters in 60 (6%) eyes was noted. At the diagnosis of nAMD, 110 out of 827 patients (13%) fulfilled the criteria for visual impairment, whereas 179 patients (22%) were visually impaired after the follow-up. Improvement or stabilization in vision was noted in 90% of the anti-VEGF-treated eyes with nAMD. In addition, anti-VEGF agents are crucial in diminishing nAMD-related visual impairment.