Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Subtournaments of a Tournament

Beineke and Harary [l] recently showed that the maximum number of strong tournaments with k nodes that can be contained in a tournament with n nodes is if 3 ≤ k ≤ n. The object of this note is to obtain some additional results of this type. We will use essentially the same terminology as was used in [ l ], so we will not repeat the standard definitions here.
Triple-junction solar cell performance under Fresnel-based concentrators taking into account chromatic aberration and off-axis operation

Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems might produce quite uneven irradiance distributions (both on their level and on their spectral distribution) on the solar cell. This effect can be even more evident when the CPV system is slightly off-axis, since they are often designed to assure good uniformity only at normal incidence. The non-uniformities both in absolute irradiance and spectral content produced by the CPV systems, can originate electrical losses in multi-junction solar cells (MJSC). This works is focused on the integration of ray-tracing methods for simulating the irradiance and spectrum maps produced by different optic systems throughout the solar cell surface, with a 3D fully distributed circuit model which simulates the electrical behavior of a state-of-the-art triple-junction solar cell under the different light distributions obtained with ray-tracing. In this study four different CPV system (SILO, XTP, RTP, and FK) comprising Fresnel lenses concentrating sunlight onto the same solar cell a.
Wireless and Zero-Power Trans-Cardiac Link With Antennified Aortic Valve Bioprostheses

Valvular heart diseases are one of the most common complications in the cardiovascular system. To restore the correct cardiac activity, the failing native heart valve is surgically replaced with a prosthesis. Unfortunately, it often undergoes physio-pathological processes after implantation, including the risks of functional and structural deterioration. Periodic monitoring is hence mandatory all along the life of the patient. As standard screenings are intrusive, this paper proposes a method to exploit the peculiar form-factor of the internal metallic stent of a bioprosthesis as a natural energy harvester to achieve a reliable wireless trans-cardiac RFID-based, battery-free, communication link with no relevant change to the valve. Simulations and tests with a mock-up demonstrate that a robust link with a small size on-skin patch antenna is feasible notwithstanding potential user-specific placement as well as misalignment between the antennas.
Research on the Speed-Time (V-T) State Characteristics Curves of 4 × 100 m Relay Baton Transition Period

Based on the v-t (speed-time) curves in physics, this study analyzes 4 × 100 m relay baton transition period and describes 4 different relay baton transition period v-t state characteristics curves. We can calculate from the curves that the speed of the first three athletes at the moment of transition is above the 96% of the average speed of 100-meter. The research reveals that the ideal v-t curve is a smooth semi-circular curve (without the launching phase). The stability and continuity during the baton transition period are the key factors in 4 × 100 m relay race.
On Axiomatic Approaches to Intertwining Operator Algebras

We study intertwining operator algebras introduced and constructed by Huang. In the case that the intertwining operator algebras involve intertwining operators among irreducible modules for their vertex operator subalgebras, a number of results on intertwining operator algebras were given in [Y. -Z. Huang, Generalized rationality and a “Jacobi identity” for intertwining operator algebras, Selecta Math. (N.S.) 6 (2000) 225–267] but some of the proofs were postponed to an unpublished monograph. In this paper, we give the proofs of these results in [Y. -Z. Huang, Generalized rationality and a “Jacobi identity” for intertwining operator algebras, Selecta Math. (N.S.) 6 (2000) 225–267] and we formulate and prove results for general intertwining operator algebras without assuming that the modules involved are irreducible. In particular, we construct fusing and braiding isomorphisms for general intertwining operator algebras and prove that they satisfy the genus-zero Moore–Seiberg equations. We show that the Jacobi identity for intertwining operator algebras is equivalent to generalized rationality, commutativity and associativity properties of intertwining operator algebras. We introduce the locality for intertwining operator algebras and show that the Jacobi identity is equivalent to the locality, assuming that other axioms hold. Moreover, we establish that any two of the three properties, associativity, commutativity and skew-symmetry, imply the other (except that when deriving skew-symmetry from associativity and commutativity, more conditions are needed). Finally, we show that three definitions of intertwining operator algebras are equivalent.
Modeling the effects of ionospheric scintillation on GPS/Satellite‐Based Augmentation System availability

Ionospheric scintillation is a rapid change in the phase and/or amplitude of a radio signal as it passes through small‐scale plasma density irregularities in the ionosphere. These scintillations not only can reduce the accuracy of GPS/Satellite‐Based Augmentation System (SBAS) receiver pseudorange and carrier phase measurements but also can result in a complete loss of lock on a satellite. In a worst case scenario, loss of lock on enough satellites could result in lost positioning service. Scintillation has not had a major effect on midlatitude regions (e.g., the continental United States) since most severe scintillation occurs in a band approximately 20° on either side of the magnetic equator and to a lesser extent in the polar and auroral regions. Most scintillation occurs for a few hours after sunset during the peak years of the solar cycle. Typical delay locked loop/phase locked loop designs of GPS/SBAS receivers enable them to handle moderate amounts of scintillation. Consequently, any attempt to determine the effects of scintillation on GPS/SBAS must consider both predictions of scintillation activity in the ionosphere and the residual effect of this activity after processing by a receiver. This paper estimates the effects of scintillation on the availability of GPS and SBAS for L1 C/A and L2 semicodeless receivers. These effects are described in terms of loss of lock and degradation of accuracy and are related to different times, ionospheric conditions, and positions on the Earth. Sample results are presented using WAAS in the western hemisphere.
Factors Affecting the Preference, Choice, and Selection of Saudi Women Towards Jewelry

The study aimed to identify the factors affecting the preference, choice, and selection of jewelry among Saudi women. The study employed a descriptive research design to examine consumers’ preferences, choices, and attitudes toward buying jewelry products. For the study purpose, 500 consumers were randomly selected from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on; consumer preferences, recommendations of family and friends, information sources, and other factors related to the attitude of consumers toward buying jewelry. The analysis revealed some significant factors that affect the buying behavior of women towards jewelry, such as convenient shopping, individual perspectives, product dimension, quality assurance, financial dimension, and promotional dimension. The study concluded that variety, brand name, social status, word-of-mouth publicity, price, and advertisements significantly affect the purchasing behavior of consumers.
Influence of the Immune Microenvironment Provided by Implanted Biomaterials on the Biological Properties of Masquelet-Induced Membranes in Rats: Metakaolin as an Alternative Spacer

Macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory phase of wound repair and foreign body reactions—two important processes in the Masquelet-induced membrane technique for extremity reconstruction. The macrophage response depends largely on the nature of the biomaterials implanted. However, little is known about the influence of the macrophage microenvironment on the osteogenic properties of the induced membrane or subsequent bone regeneration. We used metakaolin, an immunogenic material, as an alternative spacer to standard polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in a Masquelet model in rats. Four weeks after implantation, the PMMA- and metakaolin-induced membranes were harvested, and their osteogenic properties and macrophage microenvironments were investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, mass spectroscopy and gene expression analysis. The metakaolin spacer induced membranes with higher levels of two potent pro-osteogenic factors, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). These alternative membranes thus had greater osteogenic activity, which was accompanied by a significant expansion of the total macrophage population, including both the M1-like and M2-like subtypes. Microcomputed tomographic analysis showed that metakaolin-induced membranes supported bone regeneration more effectively than PMMA-induced membranes through better callus properties (+58%), although this difference was not significant. This study provides the first evidence of the influence of the immune microenvironment on the osteogenic properties of the induced membranes.
On the breakdown of Rayleigh’s criterion for curved shear flows: a destabilization mechanism for a class of inviscidly stable flows

Abstract The stability of a high-Reynolds-number flow over a curved surface is considered. Attention is focused on spanwise-periodic vortices of wavelength comparable with the boundary layer thickness. The wall curvature and the Görtler number for the flow are assumed large, so that stable or unstable vortices of wavelength comparable with the boundary layer thickness are dominated by inviscid effects. The growth or decay rate determined by using the viscous correction to the inviscid prediction is found to give a good approximation to the exact value for a range of wavenumbers. For the stable configuration, it is shown that the flow can be destabilized by arbitrarily small wall waviness, with the critical configuration involving only geometric properties of the flow. This destabilization mechanism has consequences for a number of flows of aerodynamic interest, particularly those where surface waviness under loading occurs. Control strategies based on how the curvature is distributed are discussed, and it is demonstrated how small regions of varying curvature can be used to remove the exponentially growing modes. The development of the parametric instabilities is continued into the strongly nonlinear regime. The nonlinear evolution is found to be governed by a generalized form of the cubic amplitude equation, generally referred to as the Stuart–Landau equation. The novel feature of the new equation is that the nonlinearity is not in the form of a power of the amplitude but is fixed by the solution of an associated nonlinear partial differential equation boundary value problem. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear partial differential system that fix the disturbance amplitude are given. The mechanism of destabilization described is shown to be directly relevant to a number of flows that are inviscidly stable in the presence of body forces. Thus it is shown how Rayleigh–Bénard convection or Taylor vortices can, at high Rayleigh or Taylor numbers, be destabilized by asymptotically small modulation in time or space.
The transition from plasma gratings to cavitons in laser-plasma interactions

One-dimensional Vlasov–Maxwell simulations of laser-plasma interactions are presented. It is shown that plasma gratings and density cavitons are formed sequentially. There are strong electromagnetic fields in the cavitons and the electromagnetic structures are nearly standing and long-lived. The formation of gratings and cavitons can be explained by a nonlinear second-order differential equation. The electromagnetic fields trapped in cavitons have both subcycle and cycle structures. Plasma whose density is higher than the critical density can be formed around the cavitons. Gratings and high density plasmas can reflect light in a very high level. This may be detrimental to the inertial confinement fusion.
Equivalent-Lens Theory of Holographic Imaging

A theory of holographic imaging is formulated in terms familiar from conventional optics. The effects of the curvatures and off-axis angles of the reference and read-out waves are described by equivalent thin lenses and prisms. The formation of the true-image wavefield is found to be completely analogous to the conventional imaging of the object wavefield by the equivalent lenses and prisms. To explain the conjugate image, we introduce the concept of time reversal. The conjugate-image wavefield is the time-reversed object wavefield conventionally imaged by equivalent lenses and prisms (and a plane mirror). The finite size and resolution of the photographic plate are taken into account. The size of the plate determines the effective aperture of the equivalent lenses and prisms, it is equivalent to a diaphragm in the hologram plane. The modulation transfer function of the plate has the same effect as a diaphragm inserted in the imaging bundle during the recording (or the reconstruction) with its center at the reference (read-out) point. The two diaphragms limit the field of view and the resolution.
p ‐kernels occurring in an isogeny class of p ‐divisible groups

We give a computable criterion which allows to determine, in terms of the combinatorics of the root system of the general linear group, which p ‐kernels occur in an isogeny class of p ‐divisible groups over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. As an application we obtain a criterion for the non‐emptiness of certain affine Deligne–Lusztig varieties associated to the general linear group.
Analytic tangent cones of admissible Hermitian
Yang–Mills connections

In this paper we study the analytic tangent cones of admissible Hermitian-Yang-Mills connections near a homogeneous singularity of a reflexive sheaf, and relate it to the Harder-Narasimhan-Seshadri filtration. We also give an algebro-geometric characterization of the bubbling set. This strengthens our previous result.
Analytic properties of approximate lattices

We introduce a notion of cocycle-induction for strong uniform approximate lattices in locally compact second countable groups and use it to relate (relative) Kazhdan- and Haagerup-type of approximate lattices to the corresponding properties of the ambient locally compact groups. Our approach applies to large classes of uniform approximate lattices (though not all of them) and is flexible enough to cover the $L^p$-versions of Property (FH) and a-(FH)-menability as well as quasified versions thereof a la Burger--Monod and Ozawa.
Kinematic Modeling of Vortices in the Solar Photosphere

The application of local correlation tracking to the proper motions of granules yields the horizontal velocity field at the solar surface. The divergence of the velocity reveals a pattern of sources and sinks. The vorticity is concentrated at sinks to form local swirls (with either sense of motion). A simple kinematic model of such a vortex, in which the radial inflow is balanced by an eddy viscosity, predicts that the vorticity should have a Gaussian profile. This prediction is confirmed by comparison with three sets of high-resolution observations, obtained from Spacelab 2 and from the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope on La Palma. Finally, we develop a more precise version of the model and provide an estimate of the eddy viscosity due to small-scale granulation.
The success story of crystallography

Abstract Diffractionists usually place the birth of crystallography in 1912 with the first X-ray diffraction expeäriment of Friedrich, Knipping and Laue. This discovery propelled the mathematical branch of mineralogy to global importance and enabled crystal structure determination. Knowledge of the geometrical structure of matter at atomic resolution had revolutionary consequences for all branches of the natural sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, earth sciences and material science. It is scarcely possible for a single person in a single article to trace and appropriately value all of these developments. This article presents the limited, subjective view of its author and a limited selection of references. The bulk of the article covers the history of X-ray structure determination from the NaCl structure to aperiodic structures and macromolecular structures. The theoretical foundations were available by 1920. The subsequent success of crystallography was then due to the development of diffraction equipment, the theory of the solution of the phase problem, symmetry theory and computers. The many structures becoming known called for the development of crystal chemistry and of data banks. Diffuse scattering from disordered structures without and with partial long-range order allows determination of short-range order. Neutron and electron scattering and diffraction are also mentioned.
Borel version of the Local Lemma

We prove a Borel version of the local lemma, i.e. we show that, under suitable assumptions, if the set of variables in the local lemma has a structure of a Borel space, then there exists a satisfying assignment which is a Borel function. The main tool which we develop for the proof, which is of independent interest, is a parallel version of the Moser-Tardos algorithm which uses the same random bits to resample clauses that are far enough in the dependency graph.
Zakharov simulation study of spectral features of on-demand Langmuir turbulence in an inhomogeneous plasma

We have performed a simulation study of Langmuir turbulence in the Earth's ionosphere by means of a Zakharov model with parameters relevant for the F layer. The model includes dissipative terms to model collisions and Landau damping of the electrons and ions, and a linear density profile, which models the ionospheric plasma inhomogeneity whose length scale is of the order 10–100 km. The injection of energy into the system is modeled by a constant source term in the Zakharov equation. Langmuir turbulence is excited “on-demand” in controlled ionospheric modification experiments where the energy is provided by an HF radio beam injected into the overhead ionospheric plasma. The ensuing turbulence can be studied with radars and in the form of secondary radiation recorded by ground-based receivers. We have analyzed spectral signatures of the turbulence for different sets of parameters and different altitudes relative to the turning point of the linear Langmuir mode where the Langmuir frequency equals the local plasma frequency. By a parametric analysis, we have derived a simple scaling law, which links the spectral width of the turbulent frequency spectrum to the physical parameters in the ionosphere. The scaling law provides a quantitative relation between the physical parameters (temperatures, electron number density, ionospheric length scale, etc.) and the observed frequency spectrum. This law may be useful for interpreting experimental results.
A new experimental set-up for control study

A new experimental set-up, two inverted pendulums on carts coupled by a spring, is presented in this brief paper. The plant to be controlled is modelled as an example of a large unstable nonlinear system consisting of two subsystems. Such an experimental system can be used for many control studies, in particular for the study of the control of non-linear systems with coupled unstable subsystems.
Photodetecting properties of ZnO-based thin-film transistors

We report on the photodetecting properties of a ZnO-based thin-film transistor (TFT) that has been fabricated on a SiO2/p-Si substrate by rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Our ZnO-based TFT exhibited a saturation current level of about 6.5 μA under a gate bias of 40 V, decent electron mobility of 0.1 cm2/V s, and on/off current ratio of ∼106 in the dark. Illuminated by ultraviolet (λ=340 nm), blue (λ=450 nm), and green (λ=540 nm) light with intensity of 0.7 mW/cm2, our TFT displays high photocurrent gain of 50, 32, and 15 μA, respectively, under a gate bias of 40 V. In the channel depletion state with gate bias of −30 V, the photodetecting sensitivity becomes much higher than in the accumulation state. It is thus concluded that our ZnO-based TFT can be a good UV photodetecting device as well as an electronic device.
Resistive switching mechanism of TiO2 thin films grown by atomic-layer deposition

The resistive switching mechanism of 20- to 57-nm-thick TiO2 thin films grown by atomic-layer deposition was studied by current-voltage measurements and conductive atomic force microscopy. Electric pulse-induced resistance switching was repetitively (> a few hundred times) observed with a resistance ratio ⪢102. Both the low- and high-resistance states showed linear log current versus log voltage graphs with a slope of 1 in the low-voltage region where switching did not occur. The thermal stability of both conduction states was also studied. Atomic force microscopy studies under atmosphere and high-vacuum conditions showed that resistance switching is closely related to the formation and elimination of conducting spots. The conducting spots of the low-resistance state have a few tens times higher conductivity than those of the high-resistance state and their density is also a few tens times higher which results in a ∼103 times larger overall conductivity. An interesting finding was that the area where the .
Study of The Mediterranean Diet and Its Significance for Hypertension Prevention

The Mediterranean diet is known for its association with reduction in cardiovascular risk, there are some previous studies conducted on the population of this diet that explored and discovered the negative association between several cardiovascular conditions and this diet including hypertension. The issue of hypertension is getting to concern in China because of the unbalanced dietary model and low public awareness. The essential idea of this study is to examine the principle of Mediterranean diet, compare the nutrient intake between the Mediterranean diet population and Chinese diet population to address the differences between the two dietary patterns. The paper also aims to find possible modifications to the Chinese dietary model based on the principle of the Mediterranean diet as potential treatment for hypertension. The result of the study finds the Chinese population generally consumes less fat, vitamins and minerals compared to the Mediterranean diet population. The differences between the urbanization process between the rural and urban area leads to higher dietary lead intake for the urban populations from processed food and therefore increases the risk for hypertension. It is important for the Chinese government to take actions to increase the public awareness of hypertension and provide more educational sources on how to keep a well-balanced diet. Moreover, the Chinese government should also consider making new regulations on processed food to prevent excessive dietary lead intake of the urban populations. More future guidance should be provided in order for the Chinese population to have a better adjusted diet.
Cohomology of Line Bundles: Proof of the Algorithm

We present a proof of the algorithm for computing line bundle valued cohomology classes over toric varieties conjectured by R. ~Blumenhagen, B. ~Jurke and the authors (arXiv:1003.5217) and suggest a kind of Serre duality for combinatorial Betti numbers that we observed when computing examples.