Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat‐sealing and microscopic evaluation of paper‐based coated materials using various seal bar geometries in vertical form fill seal machine

With the growing emphasis on minimization of global plastic waste, flexible fibre‐based packaging has gained significant interest over the past few years. Heat‐sealing technology is commonly applied for vertical form‐fill‐seal machine to provide tight closure of packages for maintaining food quality and shelf life. Several different seal bar geometries and adequate heat‐seal parameters are required to improve the seal tightness of the packages. This study aims to compare the heat sealability of thermoplastic film (OPP/PE) and paper‐based materials in vertical form‐fill‐seal machine using various seal bar profiles. The investigation includes seal strength measurement, understanding the causes of leak formation, seal tightness and inspection of the seal using scanning electron microscopy. Results reveal that OPP/PE material has exceptional seal strength and leakproof ability compared with paper‐based materials. However, it has limited operating window because the material shrinks and coarsens at approximately 140°C. Sealing temperature and dwell time are found to be the major factors affecting the seal strength of paper‐based material. Results reveal the PE‐coated papers exhibit nearly twice the seal strength compared with the dispersion‐coated paper. It was difficult to achieve good hot‐tack values with dispersion‐coated paper. During testing, all the paper‐based materials experience delamination and fibre tear, and its severity increases with the increasing material grammage. As plateau temperature is reached, the fibre delamination remains relatively constant. The serrated geometry of seal bar design plays a significant role in providing a satisfactory airtight seal, particularly around the pouch's layer jump. However, flat seal bar designs are not recommended for gas tight applications for paper‐based materials.
Existence of a solution for a free boundary problem in the thermoelectrical modelling of an aluminium electrolytic cell

We present a coupled system of elliptic equations describing the steady state of the thermoelectrical behaviour of an aluminium electrolytic cell. The thermal model is a free boundary problem which consists of the heat equation with Joule heating as a source. We neglect the Joule heating in the ledge, and allow for temperature-dependent electrical conductivity. We also formulate a numerical approximation using a finite element method. An iterative algorithm and numerical results are presented. The existence of a weak solution is also proved.
A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

Stroke is the fourth leading cause of mortality and is estimated to be one of the major reasons for long-lasting disability worldwide. There are limited studies that describe the application of physical therapy interventions to prevent disabilities in stroke survivors and promote recovery after a stroke. In this review, we have described a wide range of interventions based on impairments, activity limitations, and goals in recovery during different stages of a stroke. This article mainly focuses on stroke rehabilitation tactics, including those for sensory function impairments, motor learning programs, hemianopia and unilateral neglect, flexibility and joint integrity, strength training, hypertonicity, postural control, and gait training. We conclude that, aside from medicine, stroke rehabilitation must address specific functional limitations to allow for group activities and superior use of a hemiparetic extremity. Medical doctors are often surprised by the variety of physiotherapeutic techniques available; they are unfamiliar with the approaches of researchers such as Bobath, Coulter, and Brunnstrom, among others, as well as the scientific reasoning behind these techniques.
1 1 S and 2 3 S States of Helium

The method described previously for the solution of the wave equation of two-electron atoms has been applied to the $1^{1}S$ and $2^{3}S$ states of helium, with the purpose of attaining an accuracy of 0.001 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in the nonrelativistic energy values. For the $1^{1}S$ state we have extended our previous calculations by solving determinants of orders 252, 444, 715, and 1078, the last yielding an energy value of -2.903724375 atomic units, with an estimated error of the order of 1 in the last figure. Applying the mass-polarization and relativistic corrections derived from the new wave functions, we obtain a value for the ionization energy of 198 312.0258 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, as against the value of 198 312.011 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ derived previously from the solution of a determinant of order 210. With a Lamb shift correction of -1.339, due to Kabir, Salpeter, and Sucher, this leads to a theoretical value for the ionization energy of 198 310.687 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, compared with Herzberg's experimental value of 198 ${310.8}_{2}$\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. For the $2^{3}S$ state we have solved determinants of orders 125, 252, 444, and 715, the last giving an energy value of -2.17522937822 a.u. , with an estimated error of the order of 1 in the last figure. This corresponds to a nonrelativistic ionization energy of 38 453.1292 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The mass-polarization and relativistic corrections bring it up to 38 454.8273 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Using the value of 74.9 ry obtained by Dalgarno and Kingston for the Lamb-shift excitation energy ${K}_{0}$, we get a Lamb-shift correction to the ionization energy of the $2^{3}S$ state of -0.16 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The resulting theoretical value of 38 454.66 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the ionization potential is to be compared with the experimental value, which Herzberg estimates to be 38 454.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The electron density at the nucleus $D(0)$ comes out 33.18416, as against a value of 33.18388\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00023 which Novick and Commins deduced from the hyperfine splitting. We have also determined expectation values of several positive and negative powers of the three mutual distances, which enter in the expressions for the polarizability and for various sum rules.
Speculation in Food and Commodities - A Research Report: A Critical Discussion of the Econometric Research Method and an Alternative Analysis

This paper is a report of the research on the effect of speculation on commodities and food since deregulation. Econometrics can be applied to show how speculation influences price and vice versa. However, there is no clear empirical picture. In this paper, we examine the reasons for the lack of empirical clarity and arrive at a critical discussion of the econometric research approach. As an alternative approach, we use scientific logic on the basis of statistical data and other verifiable facts as method of investigation. This method allows us to derive the influence of speculation on spot prices. We find a negative impact of speculation why regulation is necessary.
Development and Validation of the Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Early identification and prevention of psychosis is limited by the availability of tools designed to assess negative symptoms in those at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). To address this critical need, a multi-site study was established to develop and validate a clinical rating scale designed specifically for individuals at CHR: The Negative Symptom Inventory-Psychosis Risk (NSI-PR). STUDY DESIGN The measure was developed according to guidelines recommended by the NIMH Consensus Conference on Negative Symptoms using a transparent, iterative, and data-driven process. A 16-item version of the NSI-PR was designed to have an overly inclusive set of items and lengthier interview to support the ultimate intention of creating a new briefer measure. Psychometric properties of the 16-item NSI-PR were evaluated in a sample of 218 CHR participants. STUDY RESULTS Item-level analyses indicated that men had higher scores than women. Reliability analyses supported internal consistency, inter-rater agreement, and temporal stability. Associations with measures of negative symptoms and functioning supported convergent validity. Small correlations with positive, disorganized, and general symptoms supported discriminant validity. Structural analyses indicated a 5-factor structure (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, alogia, and blunted affect). Item response theory identified items for removal and indicated that the anchor range could be reduced. Factor loadings, item-level correlations, item-total correlations, and skew further supported removal of certain items. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the psychometric properties of the NSI-PR and guided the creation of a new 11-item NSI-PR that will be validated in the next phase of this multi-site scale development project.
Simulation numérique de l'hydrodynamique d'interfaces liquide-liquide contrôlées par laser

Control of fluid-fluid interface deformation induced by the radiation pressure of a laser wave is of major concern for the development of numerous applications in microfluidics. An original technic recently developped at the CPMOH Laboratory (Bordeaux), consists in inducing micrometric scale deformations of liquid interfaces by the radiation pressure of a continuous laser wave. For low beam intensities, this leads to bell shapes whatever the direction of propagation of the incident wave, while for higher intensities, it leads to suprising nipple-like shape in the case of wave propagation from the less refringent medium to the more refringent one, or to a jet of micro-droplets otherwise. In order to understand the physics governing these flows, a numerical resolution based on the Boundary Integral Elements Method, coupling the hydrodynamics and the electromagnetism was developped. Numerical results obtained with this method are compared to experimental data in both linear and nonlinear regime of deformation and both directions of propagation. Key-words : Opto-hydrodynamique, interface, laser
Three-Leg DC–DC Converter for Efficient Inductive Power Transfer of Electric Vehicles for Wide-Range Battery Applications

The design of an inductive power transfer system for different electric vehicle (EV) models with widely varied battery pack voltages has been a challenging task. The majority of modern EV models are equipped with 400 or 800 V battery packs. To charge both batteries efficiently, an additional dc–dc converter on the receiver side is employed, which reduces the overall system efficiency and also increases the cost. This letter proposes a reduced switch count novel converter to charge distinct EV models without degrading the efficiency of the system. The proposed converter has two operating modes, a voltage doubler mode to charge an 800 V battery and a current doubler mode to charge a 400 V battery at the same power level. MATLAB/Simulink simulations have been carried out to verify the performance of the three-leg converter for both 400 and 800 V batteries at 7.2 kW. Furthermore, a laboratory prototype of the proposed converter for 500 W has been built using the silicon carbide (SiC) devices, and the results obtained are provided.
Highly efficient photocatalytic activity of CuO quantum dot decorated rGO nanocomposites

CuO quantum dots (QD) of size 4.5 nm decorated on a rGO sheet to form nanocomposites with different weight percentages via a simple soft chemical route was reported here. Tuning of CuO QD absorption towards the visible region from the UV region in the presence of rGO was also observed. The luminescence of rGO was found to be quenched in rGO–CuO nanocomposites due to charge transfer from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the rGO layer to the conduction band of CuO. Systematic and concise studies of photocatalytic performance towards degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye by CuO QD along with rGO–CuO nanocomposites were presented in this work. A nanocomposite with an equal weight percentage of rGO and CuO degrades almost 99% of MB under irradiation of visible light for 50 min, showing maximum degradation efficiency.
Sinomonas terrae sp. nov., Isolated from an Agricultural Soil

While searching for the bacteria which are responsible for degradation of pesticide in soybean field soil, a novel bacterial strain, designated 5-5T, was isolated. The cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, aerobic and non-motile rods. Growth occurred at 10-42°C (optimum, 30°C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5), and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). The predominant fatty acids were C15:0 anteiso, C17:0 anteiso, and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The predominant menaquinone was MK-9 (H2). Diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 5-5T is a member of the genus Sinomonas and its closest relative is Sinomonas humi MUSC 117T, sharing a genetic similarity of 98.4%. The draft genome of strain 5-5T was 4,727,205 bp long with an N50 contig of 4,464,284 bp. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain 5-5T was 68.0 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain 5-5T and its closest strains S. humi MUSC 117T and S. susongensis A31T were 87.0, and 84.3 % respectively. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 5-5T and its closest strains S. humi MUSC 117T and S. susongensis A31T were 32.5% and 27.9% respectively. Based on the ANI and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, the 5-5T strain was considered as novel species belonging to the genus Sinomonas. On the basis of the results from phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5-5T represents a novel species of the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5-5T (=KCTC 49650T=NBRC 115790T).
Continental and Glacial Runoff Fingerprints in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the Inuit Nunangat Ocean

Rising temperatures and an acceleration of the hydrological cycle due to climate change are increasing river discharge, causing permafrost thaw, glacial melt, and a shift to a groundwater‐dominated system in the Arctic. These changes are funneled to coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean where the implications for the distributions of nutrients and biogeochemical constituents are unclear. In this study, we investigate the impact of terrestrial runoff on marine biogeochemistry in Inuit Nunangat (the Canadian Arctic Archipelago)—a key pathway for transport and modification of waters from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic—using sensitivity experiments from 2002 to 2020 with an ocean model of manganese (Mn). The micronutrient Mn traces terrestrial runoff and the modification of geochemical constituents of runoff during transit. The heterogeneity in Arctic runoff composition creates distinct terrestrial fingerprints of influence in the ocean: continental runoff influences Mn in the southwestern Archipelago, glacial runoff dominates the northeast, and their influence co‐occurs in central Parry Channel. Glacial runoff carries micronutrients southward from Nares Strait in the late summer and may help support longer phytoplankton blooms in the Pikialasorsuaq polynya. Enhanced glacial runoff may increase micronutrients delivered downstream to Baffin Bay, accounting for up to 18% of dissolved Mn fluxes seasonally and 6% annually. These findings highlight how climate induced changes to terrestrial runoff may impact the geochemical composition of the marine environment, and will help to predict the extent of these impacts from ongoing alterations of the Arctic hydrological cycle.
A Survey of Object Detection Models Based on Deep Learning

: Object detection is a crucial problem in computer vision that involves accurately locating objects in images or videos to identify instances to be detected. It has various applications, including facial detection, intelligent driving assistance, and satellite remote sensing detection. This review aims to aid researchers in quickly comprehending object detection. It covers the concept of object detection algorithms, analyzes the development history of object detection algorithms, and elaborates on the evolution process of object detection algorithms from independent development to combination with deep learning technology. The article divides object detection based on whether anchor boxes are generated during the detection process. It discusses the types of anchor boxes and non-anchor boxes and analyzes the current research status of single-stage and two-stage object detection algorithms. It also summarizes classic model structures in the development process of object detection algorithms and introduces difficulties in object detection. The article aims to solve the problem of object detection with a small number of samples and without detailed annotations during the training process. It summarizes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various classic models, mainstream datasets, and evaluation indicators. Additionally, it looks forward to current challenges and future development directions in the field of object detection.
Multi-Agent Active Learning for Distributed Black-Box Optimization

Global optimization problems over a multi-agent network is addressed in this letter. The objective function, possibly subject to global constraints, is not analytically known, but can only be evaluated at any query point. It is assumed that the cost function to be minimized is the sum of local cost functions, each of which can be evaluated by the associated agent only. The proposed algorithm asks the agents at each iteration first to fit a surrogate function to local samples, and subsequently to minimize, in a cooperative fashion, an acquisition function, in order to generate new samples to query. In this letter we build the acquisition function as the sum of the local surrogates, in order to exploit the knowledge of these estimates, plus another term that drives the minimization procedure towards unexplored regions of the feasible space, where better values of the objective function might be present. The proposed scheme is a distributed version of the existing algorithm GLIS (GLobal optimization based on Inverse distance weighting and Surrogate radial basis functions), and share with it the same low-complexity and competitiveness, with respect to, for instance, Bayesian Optimization (BO). Experimental results on benchmark problems and on distributed calibration of Model Predictive Controllers (MPC) for autonomous driving applications demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
MULTI-DISTRIBUTION MODEL FOR BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION IN LONG-TERM VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

The basic performance requirement of exploiting background subtraction approach in long-term color video surveillance system was described. To meet the requirement, an algorithm was also proposed. In this approach, by using the multi-distribution models in lightness and chromaticity spaces,the background model was built. The multi-distribution models were then updated using independent mean and covariance updating rate and model replacing rate. When a pixel could be represented by more than one distribution model, the model which has the minimum similarity distance was updated. The approach also involves the detection of the sudden changes in illumination by the feedback of the information of foreground pixels and the suppression of shadow influenced by lightness information. Experiments show that the method satisfies the demands of long-term video surveillance.
On the homogenization of thin isotropic layers

Homogenization of extremely thin dielectric or composite layers is considered. Special attention is focused on the fact that the permittivity near the surface of the slab is affected by the presence of the boundary. This makes the effective permittivity inhomogeneous, and the slab becomes effectively anisotropic. The anisotropy effect cannot he neglected for slabs whose thickness is on the order of the depth of one molecular or inclusion layer. The analysis results in approximate second-order boundary conditions, which describe the electromagnetic properties of the layer. Numerical examples show that the effect in reflection coefficient cannot be neglected if the depth of the boundary layer is a quarter of the slab thickness. Also, the magnitude of the boundary effect increases for higher slab permittivities.
EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Kahoot as an Online Learning Platform in Promoting Basic English Vocabulary

This study aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of using the Kahoot application in enhancing students' vocabulary knowledge and increasing learning engagement. The research employed a qualitative research design, specifically utilizing a narrative inquiry approach to collect data. The study's participants were teachers with prior experience using the Kahoot application. Data were gathered through the use of storytelling, where the researchers listened to and transcribed the participants' accounts of their experiences. The findings suggest that the Kahoot application is a valuable tool for teaching vocabulary to English language learners. Teachers can leverage Kahoot to promote dynamic engagement in the learning process, which, in turn, motivates students to participate eagerly. Kahoot's enjoyable assessment features provide teachers with a platform to facilitate vocabulary learning in a more effective manner. The participants' experiences indicate that the majority of students respond positively to the use of Kahoot to enhance their vocabulary knowledge and express an interest in continuing to learn using this application.
Seasonal characteristics and spatio-temporal variations of the extreme precipitation-air temperature relationship across China

It is assumed that extreme precipitation (P) increases with air temperature (T) by a scaling rate close to 7%/°C without moisture limitation according to the Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) relationship. However, the spatial distribution of the P-T relationship in China is subject to divergent conclusions including both sub-C-C (<7%/°C) and super-C-C (>7%/°C) scaling with reasons yet to be examined. Based on the long-term observations, here we show that P-T relationships with peak structure exist in most regions across China. The scaling rate in the wet season shows a decreasing spatial pattern from the southeast to the northwest, while sub-C-C scaling in the dry season dominates most regions across China. Mixing precipitation events from different seasons could lead to miscalculation of the P-T scaling rate. Furthermore, significant increases in peak precipitation at high percentiles have been observed in southern regions of China during the historical period, indicating that the peak structure does not imply a potential upper limit for precipitation extremes. Our results highlight the importance of considering seasonal characteristics in analyzing the extreme precipitation-temperature relationship in a changing climate.