Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost analysis of different brands of antianginal drugs available in India

Background: Ischemic heart disease is the most common cardiovascular disease in developed countries such as United States and Angina pectoris is the most frequent among them. If not managed adequately angina results in significant morbidity and mortality too due to the complications. Antianginal therapy is lifelong. Therefore, analysis of the price of drugs used in ischemic heart disease will help to improve patient compliance. Methods: Prices of various antianginal drugs of different strengths and combinations marketed by different companies was obtained from current index of medical stores. The variation between highest and lowest price of the same medication manufactured by various pharma companies and percentage variation in price for ten tablets was calculated. Results: In India, percentage variation in price for antianginal drugs was found to be: tablet isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg) 250%, glyceryltrinitrate (6.4 mg) 24.44%. In calcium channel blockers group, tablet amlodipine 10 mg shows maximum price variation of 1045%, closely followed by 5 mg of amlodipine with a variation of 1040%, while 120 mg of diltiazem shows the least variation of 262%. In betaadrenergic receptor blockers group, tablet atenolol 50 mg shows maximum price variation of 563%, whereas 100 mg of extended release metoprolol shows the least variation of 42%. Conclusions: To increase the benefit to the patient and reduce drug in compliance, doctors should be trained to be familiar from internship period itself about the brand names of cost-effective drugs with good safety profile for a long period.
Factors Influencing Turnover Intention of Nurses in Small-medium sized Hospitals

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationships among practice environment, nursing professionalism, career commitment, and turnover intention in nurses working in small-medium sized hospitals. Method: This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 362 nurses in 7 small-medium sized hospitals and analyzed with SPSS 18.0. Result: The mean scores for practice environment, nursing professionalism, career commitment, and turnover intention were 2.29 on a 4-point scale and 3.13, 2.78, 3.51 on a 5-point scale, respectively. The practice environment showed significantly positive correlations with nursing professionalism and career commitment. Nursing professionalism showed a significantly positive correlation with career commitment. The highest significant negative correlation was between practice environment and turnover intention. Nursing professionalism and career commitment had negative correlations with turnover intention. Factors having significant influence on turnover intention included age, assigned ward, average wage, practice environment, and career commitment. These factors explained 43.0% of variance in turnover intention. Practice environment was identified as the most important variable in explaining turnover intention. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the necessity of improving the practice environment and increasing nurses' career commitment if turnover intention in small-medium sized hospitals is to be lowered.
204 FUSTER AND WANG angiogenesis ?

lsev ts re 3/10 A. A ngiogenesis in Health and Disease: An Introduction . 1 80 B. H eparan Sulfate in Development . 1 81 C. H eparan Sulfate in Developmental Angiogenesis: Overview of Genetic Evidence. 183 D. H eparan Sulfate in Developmental Angiogenesis: Modulation of Growth Factor Signaling. 188 E. H eparan Sulfate in Adult Physiological Angiogenesis . 1 93 I I. E ndothelial Heparan Sulfate in Pathologic Angiogenesis . 1 95 A. T umor, Vasculature, Stroma, and Heparan Sulfate: An Introduction . 1 95 B. E ndothelial Heparan Sulfate and the Control of Tumor Proangiogenic Growth Factors . 196 C. T argeting HSPG Mutations to Distinct Vascular Cells in Cancer Models: Lessons Learned. 199 D. O ther Forms of Pathologic Angiogenesis and Endothelial Heparan Sulfate 2 02 E. T urning It Around—Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Endothelial Heparan Sulfate. 203 R eferences . 2 05
An Ultrasonographic Anatomic Study of the Internal Jugular Vein in Koreans

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomies of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and of the carotid artery (CA) using two-dimensional ultrasound in Koreans. Methods: Thirty-five healthy people, who had never undergone IJV cannulation, underwent IJV and CA imaging. Vessels in the neck were imaged with a 7.5-MHz transducer, perpendicular to the spinal axis. The lateral diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) of IJV, and overlap diameter, and neck circumference were measured. Thereafter, percent (%) overlap and safe zone were calculated. Results: The mean right IJV size was measured as lateral diameter, 1.42 cm, and CSA, 1.0 and was greater than that of left IJV (lateral diameter, 16.5% 23.2%; CSA, 22.4% 36.3%). CSA of IJV increased according to body mass index(BMI), but did not for neck circumference and body weight. As neck circumference and body weight increased, percent overlap decreased and the IJV safe zone increased. However, percent overlap and safe zone were not significantly different for right and left vessels. In a majority of subjects, the IJV was located anterolaterally (42.9%) or laterally (51.4%) to the CA by ultrasound imaging. 11.4% of right IJVs and 15.4% of left IJVs observed unusually microvessels (). Conclusions: In Koreans, right IJVs were larger than left IJVs, and BMI was best correlated with IJV size. Koreans have a normal anatomical relationship between IJV and CA, however microvessels are relatively frequent.
Mutational Analysis of Plasmodium vivax dhfr Gene Among Cases in South East of Iran

Background: Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum have been detected in south east of Iran. Plasmodium vivax has a higher prevalence in this area. Point mutation in P. vivax dihydrofolate reductase (pvdhfr) gene is the key mechanism of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine (SP) resistance. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating pvdhfr mutations and haplotypes in Sistan and Baluchestan endemic province of Iran. Methods: Seventy-five blood samples from Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran, infected with P. vivax, between years 2013 and 2015, were enrolled in this study. The samples were examined for probable point mutations in pvdhfr gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing methods. Results: Most of the isolates (59%) had wild type codons at 4 locations of pvdhfr gene. The F57S58T61N117 was the most common haplotype among the mutant cases (24.3%); in these cases, the haplotypes with triple and quadruple mutations in 57, 58, 61, and 117 codons were not identified. In addition, haplotypes with double mutations at location FRTN (7.7%) and FRTT (2.6%) were identified in studied cases. Conclusions: This study showed that the presence of mutant pvdhfr haplotypes, which are resistant to the SP is increasing, therefore, performing a molecular surveillance via the PCR method in endemic areas is very important.
DIATOM SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE NIŠAVA RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES JERMA AND TEMSKA RIVERS (SOUTHERN SERBIA)

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Effects of TV Advertising of Cellular Companies on User’s Behavior

The primary purpose of the advertiser is to reach consumers and influence their awareness, buying behavior and attitude. The objective of this study is to investigate that whether TV advertising of cellular companies influences the user’s behavior. Data is collected from 300 male & female of Lahore, Islamabad and Gujrat through survey method and sampling technique is used for this purpose. For statistical analysis Chi-square technique used. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the advertisement influence & in purchasing the brand, but not much sufficient conditions & some variables for switching their mobile networks. TV advertising has significant impact on the buying behavior of consumers. The primary purpose of the advertiser is to reach consumers and influence their awareness, buying behavior and attitude. The advertisers spend a lot of money in order to keep the individuals interested in their products. In this way they need to understand what makes the users behave the way they do. The core objective of this study is to investigate that whether TV advertising of cellular companies influences the user’s behavior. The researcher concluded that Ufone ads are more attractive, influential and catchy. The results of this study clearly indicate that there is a significant relationship between the advertisement influence to change one’s decision regarding telecommunication connection and in purchasing the brand. Finally the study concluded TV advertising is necessary but not much sufficient condition that influences the user’s in switching their mobile networks, there are some other variables mainly responsible in brand switching.
Network topologies, power laws, and hierarchy

It has long been thought that the Internet, and its constituent networks, are hierarchical in nature. Consequently, the network topology generators most widely used by the Internet research community, GT-ITM [7] and Tiers [11], create networks with a deliberately hierarchical structure. However, recent work by Faloutsos et al. [13] revealed that the Internet’s degree distribution — the distribution of the number of connections routers or Autonomous Systems (ASs) have — is a power-law. The degree distributions produced by the GT-ITM and Tiers generators are not power-laws. To rectify this problem, several new network generators have recently been proposed that produce more realistic degree distributions; these new generators do not attempt to create a hierarchical structure but instead focus solely on the degree distribution. There are thus two families of network generators, structural generators that treat hierarchy as fundamental and degree-based generators that treat the degree distribution as fundamental. In this paper we use several topology metrics to compare the networks produced by these two families of generators to current measurements of the Internet graph. We find that the degree-based generators produce better models, at least according to our topology metrics, of both the AS-level and router-level Internet graphs. We then seek to resolve the seeming paradox that while the Internet certainly has hierarchy, it appears that the Internet graphs are better modeled by generators that do not explicitly construct hierarchies. We conclude our paper with a brief study of other network structures, such as the pointer structure in the web and the set of airline routes, some of which turn out to have metric properties similar to that of the Internet.
Substance P Mediates Cerulein-Induced Pancreatic Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Mice

Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the contribution of substance P to the pancreatic microcirculatory dysfunction during acute pancreatitis. Methods: Pancreatitis was elicited by up to 6 hourly injections of cerulein (50 &mgr;g/kg IP) in male C57Bl/6 mice. At 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours after cerulein treatment, the pancreatic microvasculature in anesthetized mice was studied using established high-resolution in vivo microscopic methods. Results: Treatment of mice with cerulein for 6 hours caused a 30% decrease in capillary perfusion and the diameter of the capillaries and an increase in microvascular permeability (20%) and interstitial space (30-fold). The administration of the substance P receptor antagonist (D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11) (2 mg/kg IP) minimized the pancreatic microcirculatory dysfunction 3 hours after cerulein treatment. The superfusion of substance P for 0.5 hours decreased the diameter (by 22%) and increased microvascular permeability (by 23%) along with interstitial space (22-fold increase). Blockade of substance P receptor attenuated substance P-induced pancreatic microcirculatory dysfunction. Conclusions: These results suggest that substance P mediates pancreatic microcirculatory dysfunction during the development of acute pancreatitis.
Novel Hybrid Esterase‐Haloacid Dehalogenase Enzyme

The existence of different catalytic mechanisms (or reaction types) in the same active site is an example of catalytic promiscuity. 2] The promiscuity can result from natural evolution of an enzyme, which enhances organism metabolic flexibility and environmental fitness, or from laboratory evolution and can be exploited in numerous synthetic applications. a/b-Hydrolasefold proteins belong to one of the largest protein superfamilies within the a/b class of folds and exhibit enormous sequence diversity, 4] fold plasticity, and activities. f] As they also exhibit high conservation of tertiary structures and catalytic triads, they have been suggested to have evolved from a common protein ancestor, from which divergent evolution led to the emergence of a large number of promiscuous enzymes. 6] Serine esterases and haloacid dehalogenases are a/b-type hydrolases that differ in their topological features, the nature/ position of the nucleophile, and the geometry of their catalytic scaffolds, while esterases (EC 3.1.1.1) preferentially hydrolyze water-soluble simple esters and contain a Ser/Asp(Glu)/His catalytic triad, haloacid dehalogenases (HAD; EC 3.8.1.2) catalyze the conversion of haloacid compounds into the corresponding alcohols and hydrogen halides by means of an Asp/Asp/His catalytic triad. Although, it has been suggested that dehalogenases are evolutionarily related to esterases, so far no protein, either naturally occurring or laboratory generated, has been reported to possess both activities. We describe here a multifunctional a/b-hydrolase-fold enzyme, designated REBr, mined from a metagenome library established from the DNA of a microbial community from seawater contaminated with crude oil. The protein showed a novel hydrolytic phenotype, namely the cleavage of both common p-nitrophenyl (pNP) and short aliphatic esters, and organic haloalkanoates. The existence of these two activities in a single protein is remarkable as they involve distinct catalytic mechanisms (for details see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). The rEBr gene (933 bp), encodes a protein (310 AA, Mr = 33 852 Da) that exhibits high homology (up to 63 % identity, 75 % similarity) with a number of a/b-fold hydrolases (see Figure S2). Not only does this protein hydrolyze a series of commercially available common pNP and nonactivated short fatty acid esters as propyl propionate and ethyl butyrate, but also haloacids: [(kcat/Km)]ester/[(kcat/Km)]haloacid factor of ~4:1 for the best substrates, optimally at 40 8C and pH 8.0–8.5 (Figure S3; Tables 1 and S2). Weak though measurable activity with haloalkanes was detected and no epoxide tested was hydrolyzed. The enzyme cleaved a full set of halides at both terminal and subterminal positions, with catalytic efficiencies increasing in the order bromide (1-fold), fluoride (1.1-fold), chloride (12-fold),
Electro‐Mechano‐Optical Conversions in Pr3+‐Doped BaTiO3–CaTiO3 Ceramics

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Narrow Width Dynamic Scheduling

To satisfy the demand for higher performance, modern processors are designed with a high degree of speculation. While speculation enhances performance, it burns power unnecessarily. The cache, store queue, and load queue are accessed associatively before a matching entry is determined. A significant amount of power is wasted to search entries that are not picked. Modern processors speculatively schedule instructions before operand values are computed, since cycle-time demands preclude inclusion of a full ALU and bypass network delay in the instruction scheduling loop. Hence, the latency of load instructions must be predicted since it cannot be determined within the scheduling pipeline. Whenever mispredictions occur due to an unanticipated cache miss, a significant amount of power is wasted by incorrectly issued dependent instructions. This paper exploits the prevalence of narrow operand values by placing fast, narrow ALUs, cache, and datapath within the scheduling loop. The results of this narrow datapath are used to avoid unnecessary activity in the rest of the execution core by creating opportunities to use different energy reduction techniques. A novel approach for transforming the data cache, store queue, and load queue from associative (or set-associative) to direct mapped saves a significant amount of energy. Additionally, virtually all load latency mispredictions can be accurately anticipated with this narrow datapath, and very little energy is wasted on executing incorrectly scheduled instructions. Our narrow datapath design, coupled with a novel partitioned store queue and pipelined data cache, can achieve cycle time comparable to those of conventional approaches, while dramatically reducing misspeculation. This technique saves approximately 27% of the dynamic energy of the out-of-order core, which translates into roughly 11% of total processor dynamic energy, without any loss of performance for integer benchmarks. Finally, a less-complex flush-based recovery scheme is shown to suffice for high performance due to the rarity of load misscheduling.
Leadership team cohesiveness and team performance

Purpose – To examine leadership style (transactional versus transformational), knowledge level, and team cohesiveness as antecedents of team performance.Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted among students studying for an MBA. The 252 participant students were involved in a computerized business simulation course which required forming teams of about six members. Each team represented the management of one firm that competed with the other groups.Findings – Transformational leadership was associated with a higher level of team cohesiveness, as compared to transactional leadership. Both knowledge level and team cohesiveness predict team performance, particularly among men.Research limitations/implications – The student sample may not necessarily represent responses from workers in an actual organization. From a measurement perspective, the reliability of the one item scale of leadership could not be ascertained.Practical implications – For improving team performance, a manager should enhanc.
The Emergent Nature of Culturally Meaningful Categorization and Language Use

Although the phenomenon of social categorization is universal, we argue that different cultures promote different types of categorization and that this is associated with differential language practice. We predicted that, among Japanese (but not among Italian) participants, even a small age difference would be sufficient to trigger spontaneous categorization of other people. We hypothesized that the categorization process would be reflected on a particular pattern of memory bias (i.e., within-category assimilation and between-category contrast). We further tested the hypothesis that specific language styles (i.e., polite vs. intimate) would accompany the age-based categorization effect. In Study 1, we applied the “Who said what? ” paradigm, finding the expected pattern of differential memory bias only among Japanese, but not Italians. There was also an indication of selective language use corresponding to the age-based categorization. Study 2 replicated the age-based categorization among Japanese participants and provided visible evidence that the sensitivity in choosing appropriate language styles co-occur with memory bias. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding the complex interplay between culture, language, and social cognition.