Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gestión silvopastoral en Catalunya de sistema productivo a herramienta de conservación

La gestion silvopastoral se postula como un instrumento imprescindible para la conservacion del paisaje agroforestal y la consecucion de las prioridades de la UE en materia de prevencion de incendios y conservacion de habitats y especies amenazadas, como se reconoce en las Medidas Agroambientales previstas en el PDR 2007-2013. En Catalunya la gestion silvopastoral forma parte del sistema ganadero extensivo para produccion de carne. La tendencia a la baja, y la progresiva intensificacion, mas acentuada en el sector ovino-caprino, la actual disgregacion administrativa entre las vertientes agricola y forestal y la poca documentacion sobre experiencias existentes dificultan la planificacion de una gestion silvopastoral sostenible. El uso de la gestion silvopastoral para la prevencion de incendios es aceptado como una herramienta de gestion para conseguir estructuras forestales mas resistentes al fuego. En Catalunya, se ha puesto en practica a escala de macizo forestal con exito en el Perimetro de Proteccion Prioritaria de la Serra del Montmell y a escala menor en diferentes municipios y fincas privadas. El uso de la gestion silvopastoral para la conservacion de habitats y especies amenazadas es mas incipiente. El fomento de la gestion silvopastoral con objetivos de conservacion y de prevencion de incendios se aborda desde el reconocimiento de su multifuncionalidad y debe sustentarse en la transversalidad, la corresponsabilidad de ganaderos y propietarios, la investigacion a escala de finca y el reconocimiento economico de sus beneficios ambientales y de equilibrio territorial.
Dose Individualization of Cefepime for Febrile Neutropenia in Patients With Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Optimal cefepime dosing is a challenge because of its dose-dependent neurotoxicity. This study aimed to determine individualized cefepime dosing for febrile neutropenia in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 16 patients receiving cefepime at a dose of 2 g every 12 hours. Unbound concentrations were determined at 0.5 hours, 7.2 hours [at the 60% time point of the 12 hours administration interval (C7.2h)], and 11 hours (trough concentration) after the first infusion (rate: 2 g/h). The primary and secondary end points were the predictive performance of the area under the unbound concentration–time curve (AUCunbound) and the effect of unbound cefepime pharmacokinetic parameters on clinical response, respectively. Results: The mean (SD) AUCunbound was 689.7 (226.6) mcg h/mL, which correlated with C7.2h (R2 = 0.90), and the Bayesian posterior AUCunbound using only the trough concentration (R2 = 0.66). Although higher exposure was more likely to show a better clinical response, each parameter did not indicate a statistical significance between positive and negative clinical responses (P = 0.0907 for creatinine clearance (Ccr), 0.2523 for C7.2h, 0.4079 for trough concentration, and 0.1142 for AUCunbound). Cutoff values were calculated as 80.2 mL/min for Ccr (sensitivity: 0.889, specificity: 0.714), 18.6 mcg/mL for C7.2h (sensitivity: 0.571, specificity: 1.000), and 9.2 mcg/mL for trough concentration (sensitivity: 0.571, specificity: 1.000). When aiming for a time above 100% the minimum inhibitory concentration, both continuous infusion of 4 g/d and intermittent infusion of 2 g every 8 hours achieved a probability of approximately 100% at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 mcg/mL. Conclusions: Therapeutic drug monitoring by sampling at C7.2h or trough can facilitate rapid dose optimization. Continuous infusion of 4 g/d was recommended. Intermittent dosing of 2 g every 8 hours was alternatively suggested for patients with a Ccr of 60–90 mL/min.
Prognostic Value of the Modified Rutgeerts Score for Long-Term Outcomes After Primary Ileocecal Resection in Crohn's Disease

INTRODUCTION: The prognostic value of the modified Rutgeerts score (mRS) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) needs to be further elucidated. This study assessed the prognostic value of the mRS for long-term outcomes after primary ileocecal resection in patients with CD. METHODS: Patients with CD after primary ileocecal resection with an available mRS at first postoperative ileocolonoscopy (index mRS) were retrospectively included. The primary outcome was surgical recurrence. Secondary outcomes were clinical recurrence and progression to severe endoscopic recurrence (≥i3). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between index mRS and outcomes. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-two patients were included (mean follow-up: 6.4 years, SD: 4.6). Surgical recurrence rates were 7.7%, 5.3%, 12.9%, 19.1%, 28.8%, 47.8% for index mRS i0, i1, i2a, i2b, i3, and i4, respectively. Clinical recurrence occurred in 42.2% (i0), 53.7% (i1), 58.5% (i2a), 80.2% (i2b), 79.4% (i3), and 95.3% (i4) of patients. Progression to severe endoscopic recurrence occurred in 21.1% (i0), 33.9% (i1), 26.8% (i2a), and 33.3% (i2b) of patients. An index mRS of i2b (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.0; 1.5–5.6), i3 (aHR 4.0; 2.0–7.9) and i4 (aHR 8.0; 4.0–16.0) were associated with surgical recurrence. An index mRS of i1 (aHR 1.7; 1.2–2.4), i2a (aHR 1.7; 1.2–2.4), i2b (aHR 4.4; 3.2–6.0), i3 (aHR 3.6; 2.5–5.2), and i4 (aHR 7.3; 4.8–10.9) were associated with clinical recurrence. An index mRS of i1 (aHR 2.0; 1.1–3.7) or i2b (aHR 2.5; 1.4–4.6) was associated with progression to severe endoscopic recurrence. DISCUSSION: The increasing mRS corresponds closely with the risk of surgical and clinical recurrence. An index mRS ≥ i2b is associated with surgical recurrence, an index mRS ≥ i1 is associated with clinical recurrence, and i1 or i2b with progression to severe endoscopic recurrence. These results support tight monitoring of disease activity and treatment optimization in patients with ileal lesions and a more conservative management in patients with anastomotic lesions.
Figuring out the process of denitrification by stable isotope approaches - Prospects and limitations -

Improvement in the analysis of stable isotopes, higher measurement capacity and faster and more complex analysis methods allow a more detailed insight into the complexity of N cycling in soils or sediments, in particular in the formation and emission of N2 gas. The knowledge about the site-specific N2 to N2O ratio of denitrification and perhaps other processes is important to develop sustainable land use strategies for reduction of GHG emissions. Adapted stable isotope approaches are an irreplaceable tool for process identification, process quantification and processes separation. In the last years a few of new processes were found (e.g. anammox, codenitrification) and new stable isotope approaches for quantification and processes separation were published (Wrage et al.). Source partitioning of N gas production in soils is inherently challenging, but is vital to better understand controls on the different processes, with a view to develope appropriate management practices for mitigation of harmful N gases (e.g.N2O) (Baggs, 2008). Recently dual-isotope labelling approaches (Wrage et al., 2005) and triplet 15N tracer experiments (TTE) with 15N labelling of different pools (e.g. Muller et al., 2006, Russow et al 2009) have been developed to differentiate between more than two processes. The high number of simultaneously occurring processes during soil N cycling (Hayatsu et al. 2008) limits an easy applicability of isotope approaches (Spott and Stange 2007 ;Wrage et al. 2005; Phillips and Gregg, 2003), and therefore partitioning and process quantification is often afflicted with high uncertainties (Ambus et al., 2006). Especially the heterogeneity of environmental conditions in soils caused by the soil structure is difficult to handle (e.g. homogeneously labelling a soil). Hence, spatially separated processes in combination with high turnover rates (gross production and consumption) can produce different pools of one substrate in the soil (Russow et al. 2009) and limit the “state of the art” approaches (e.g. pool dilution/enrichment technique). The soil structure and the division of pools into process-related sub-pools should be considering in the future investigations. Additionally analytical and numerical models have to be improved and adapted to the individual problems to excite a better understanding of the coupled processes. Uncertainty analysis and error propagation must be included in these approaches to derive confidence intervals, because the uncertainties for model parameter estimation increase with the number of involved processes and parameters (Muller et al. 2006, Muller et al, 2007).
Les peridotites de bay-of-islands (terre neuve) et de cap ortegal (espagne) : approche petro-structurale

Une nouvelle approche petrologique pour definir l'evolution des roches ultramafiques des massifs ophiolitiques est etablie, par l'etude petrochimique d'une serie harzburgitique de cherzolitique situe a terre neuve et par l'etude structurale et petrologique des peridotites et websterites du complexe du cap ortegal (espagne). Ce travail sert de support pour definir la methodologie permettant de suivre l'evolution des parametres chimiques lors d'une fusion partielle
The combination of PAC-1 and entrectinib for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma

The treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma remains a major clinical challenge. Procaspase-3, a proapoptotic protein and precursor to the key apoptotic executioner caspase-3, is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, and the drug PAC-1 leverages this overexpression to selectively kill cancer cells. Herein, we investigate the efficacy of PAC-1 against uveal melanoma cell lines and report the synergistic combination of PAC-1 and entrectinib. This preclinical activity, tolerability data in mice, and the known clinical effectiveness of these drugs in human cancer patients led to a small Phase 1b study in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. The combination of PAC-1 and entrectinib was tolerated with no treatment-related grade ≥3 toxicities in these patients. The pharmacokinetics of entrectinib were not affected by PAC-1 treatment. In this small and heavily pretreated initial cohort, stable disease was observed in four out of six patients, with a median progression-free survival of 3.38 months (95% CI 1.6–6.5 months). This study is an initial demonstration that the combination of PAC-1 and entrectinib may warrant further clinical investigation. Clinical trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov: NCT04589832.
Characterizing subdomains of insistence on sameness in autistic youth

Insistence on sameness (IS) encompasses a range of behavioral patterns, including resistance to change, routines, and ritualized behaviors, that can be present across social and non‐social contexts. Given the breadth of behaviors encompassed by IS, it is important to determine whether this domain is best conceptualized and measured as uni‐ or a multi‐dimensional construct. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the structure of IS and explore potentially distinct of patterns of associations between identified IS factors and relevant correlates, including age, sex, IQ, anxiety, social abilities, emotional and behavioral dysregulation, and sensory hypersensitivity. Exploratory graph analysis was conducted using the dimensional assessment of restricted and repetitive behaviors to examine the structure of IS in a sample 1892 autistic youth (Mage = 10.82, SDage = 4.14; range: 3–18 years; 420 females) recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge cohort. Three distinct IS subdomains labeled as IS‐Ritualistic/sameness, IS‐Routines, and IS‐Others (referring to IS behaviors during interactions with others) were identified. Generalized additive models demonstrated that each of the IS subdomains showed a unique pattern of association with key variables. More specifically, while sensory hypersensitivity was significantly associated with IS‐Ritualistic/sameness and IS‐Routines, it was not associated with IS‐Others. Further, while emotional dysregulation was a unique predictor of IS‐Ritualistic/sameness (but not IS‐Routines or IS‐Others), social interaction abilities were a unique predictor of IS‐Routines (but not IS‐Ritualistic/sameness or IS‐Others). Current findings provide preliminary evidence that the IS may encompass several distinct subdomains.
Radar meteorology : principles and practice

Preface List of symbols List of acronyms 1. Meteorology and radar 2. Fundamentals of weather radar measurements 3. Radar reflectivity and products 4. Reflectivity patterns 5. Doppler velocity information 6. The added value of dual-polarization 7. Convective storm surveillance 8. Monitoring widespread systems 9. Radar estimation of precipitation 10. Nowcasting 11. Additional radar measurements and retrievals 12. Cloud and spaceborne radars 13. What does radar really measure? Appendix A. Mathematics and statistics of radar meteorology References Index.
BCL11B and the NuRD complex cooperatively guard T‐cell fate and inhibit OPA1‐mediated mitochondrial fusion in T cells

The nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex physically associates with BCL11B to regulate murine T‐cell development. However, the function of NuRD complex in mature T cells remains unclear. Here, we characterize the fate and metabolism of human T cells in which key subunits of the NuRD complex or BCL11B are ablated. BCL11B and the NuRD complex bind to each other and repress natural killer (NK)‐cell fate in T cells. In addition, T cells upregulate the NK cell‐associated receptors and transcription factors, lyse NK‐cell targets, and are reprogrammed into NK‐like cells (ITNKs) upon deletion of MTA2, MBD2, CHD4, or BCL11B. ITNKs increase OPA1 expression and exhibit characteristically elongated mitochondria with augmented oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity. OPA1‐mediated elevated OXPHOS enhances cellular acetyl‐CoA levels, thereby promoting the reprogramming efficiency and antitumor effects of ITNKs via regulating H3K27 acetylation at specific targets. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the NuRD complex and BCL11B cooperatively maintain T‐cell fate directly by repressing NK cell‐associated transcription and indirectly through a metabolic‐epigenetic axis, providing strategies to improve the reprogramming efficiency and antitumor effects of ITNKs.
Mental health in society’s margins: poor n-3 PUFA intake and psychological well-being of homeless youth

Dietary intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA), particularly EPA and DHA, has been associated with psychological well-being, but little is known about the n-3 PUFA intake of homeless youth. The current study determined the association between depression and anxiety symptoms and n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocytes status in homeless youth. Totally, 114 homeless youth aged 18–24 years were recruited from a drop-in centre. n-3 PUFA dietary intake was assessed using an FFQ, and erythrocytes status was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between psychological well-being and n-3 PUFA intake and status. The mean intakes of EPA and DHA for all participants (0·06 ± 0·13 g/d and 0·11 ± 0·24 g/d) were well below recommended levels, and mean erythrocytes EPA + DHA (n-3 index) in the cohort (2·42 %) was lower than reported for healthy, housed adolescents and those with clinical depression. There was no association of n-3 PUFA intake and erythrocytes status with either depression or anxiety. However, the relationships of depression with dietary EPA (P = 0·017) and DHA (P = 0·008), as well as erythrocytes DHA (P = 0·007) and n 3-index (P = 0·009), were significantly moderated by sex even after adjusting for confounders. Specifically, among females, as the intake and status of these n-3 PUFA decreased, depression increased. Our findings show poor dietary intake and low erythrocytes status of n-3 PUFA among homeless youth, which is associated with depressive symptoms among females.
A Simplified Model of Activation and Deactivation of Human Rod Phototransduction—An Electroretinographic Study

Purpose To test the hypothesis that a simple model having properties consistent with activation and deactivation in the rod approximates the whole time course of the photoresponse. Methods Routinely, an exponential of the form f = α·(1 – exp(–(τ·(t – teff)s–1))), with amplitude α, rate constant τ (often scaled by intensity), irreducible delay teff, and time exponent s–1, is fit to the early period of the flash electroretinogram. Notably, s (an integer) represents the three integrating stages in the rod amplification cascade (rhodopsin isomerization, transducin activation, and cGMP hydrolysis). The time course of the photoresponse to a 0.17 cd·s·m−2 conditioning flash (CF) was determined in 21 healthy eyes by presenting the CF plus a bright probe flash (PF) in tandem, separated by interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0.01 to 1.4 seconds, and calculating the proportion of the PF a-wave suppressed by the CF at each ISI. To test if similar kinetics describe deactivation, difference of exponential (DoE) functions with common α and teff parameters, respective rate constants for the initiation (I) and quenching (Q) phases of the response, and specified values of s (sI, sQ), were compared to the photoresponse time course. Results As hypothesized, the optimal values of sI and sQ were 3 and 2, respectively. Mean ± SD α was 0.80 ± 0.066, I was 7700 ± 2400 m2·cd–1·s–3, and Q was 1.4 ± 0.47 s–1. Overall, r2 was 0.93. Conclusions A method, including a DoE model with just three free parameters (α, I, Q), that robustly captures the magnitude and time-constants of the complete rod response, was produced. Only two steps integrate to quench the rod photoresponse.
Machine learning models based on multi-parameter MRI radiomics for prediction of molecular glioblastoma: a new study based on the 2021 World Health Organization classification

Background The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification considers a histological low grade glioma with specific molecular characteristics as molecular glioblastoma (mGBM). Accurate identification of mGBM will aid in risk stratification of glioma patients. Purpose To explore the value of machine learning models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics features in predicting mGBM. Material and Methods In total, 166 patients histologically diagnosed as low-grade diffuse glioma (WHO II and III) were included in the study. Fifty-three cases were reclassified as mGBM based on molecular status. Four dimensionality reduction methods including distance correlation (DC), gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and minimal redundancy maximal relevance (MRMR) were used to select the optimal signatures. Six machine learning algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), neural network (NN), logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and decision tree (DT) were used to develop the classifiers. The relative SD was used to evaluate the stability of the models, and the area under the curve values in the independent test group were used to evaluate their performances. Results NN_DC was determined as the optimal classifier due to the highest area under the curve of 0.891 in the test group. The classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of NN_DC were 0.915, 0.842, 0.950, 0.889 and 0.927, respectively. Conclusion Machine learning models can predict mGBM non-invasively, which may help to develop personalized treatment strategies for neurosurgeons and provide an effective tool for accurate stratification in clinical trials.
The impact of diabetes and obesity on fertility and the potential role of gut hormones as treatment

Alongside its metabolic implications, obesity and associated diabetes impair female reproductive function, causing infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Recently, gut hormones and their receptors have been identified in various reproductive organs indicating their potential regulatory effects on reproductive function. This review aims to give an overview of their potential effects.
Rasd1 is involved in white matter injury through neuron‐oligodendrocyte communication after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract Aims Rasd1 has been reported to be correlated with neurotoxicity, metabolism, and rhythm, but its effect in case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remained unclear. White matter injury (WMI) and ferroptosis participate in the early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. In this work, we have investigated whether Rasd1 can cause ferroptosis and contribute to SAH‐induced WMI. Methods Lentivirus for Rasd1 knockdown/overexpression was administrated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 7 days before SAH induction. SAH grade, brain water content, short‐ and long‐term neurobehavior, Western blot, real‐time PCR, ELISA, biochemical estimation, immunofluorescence, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were systematically performed. Additionally, genipin, a selective uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) inhibitor, was used in primary neuron and oligodendrocyte co‐cultures for further in vitro mechanistic studies. Results Rasd1 knockdown has improved the neurobehavior, glia polarization, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, and demyelination. Conversely, Rasd1 overexpression aggravated these changes by elevating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, MDA, free iron, and NCOA4, as well as contributing to the decrease of the levels of UCP2, GPX4, ferritin, and GSH mechanistically. According to the in vitro study, Rasd1 can induce oligodendrocyte ferroptosis through inhibiting UCP2, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activating NCOA4‐mediated ferritinophagy. Conclusions It can be concluded that Rasd1 exerts a modulated role in oligodendrocytes ferroptosis in WMI following SAH.
Impact of pre‐ablation left appendage flow velocities on long term recurrence of catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Despite undergoing a single ablation, many patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) experience a gradually increasing recurrence rate. This study aims to examine the relationship between left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAeV) and filling velocity (LAAfV) profiles and 3‐year recurrence of AF after ablation.