Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Similarity for Subjective Tags

Tagging in the context of online resources is a fundamental addition to search systems. Tags assist with the indexing, management, and retrieval of online products and services to answer complex user queries. Traditional methods of matching user queries with tags either rely on cosine similarity, or employ semantic similarity models that fail to recognize conceptual connections between tags, e.g. ambiance and music . In this work, we focus on subjective tags which characterize subjective aspects of a product or service. We propose conceptual similarity to leverage conceptual awareness when assessing similarity between tags. We also provide a simple cost-effective pipeline to automatically generate data in order to train the conceptual similarity model. We show that our pipeline generates high-quality datasets, and evaluate the similarity model both systemati-cally and on a downstream application. Experiments show that conceptual similarity outperforms existing work when using subjective tags.
Fractional wave equation and damped waves

In this paper, a fractional generalization of the wave equation that describes propagation of damped waves is considered. In contrast to the fractional diffusion-wave equation, the fractional wave equation contains fractional derivatives of the same order α, 1 ⩽ α ⩽ 2, both in space and in time. We show that this feature is a decisive factor for inheriting some crucial characteristics of the wave equation like a constant propagation velocity of both the maximum of its fundamental solution and its gravity and “mass” centers. Moreover, the first, the second, and the Smith centrovelocities of the damped waves described by the fractional wave equation are constant and depend just on the equation order α. The fundamental solution of the fractional wave equation is determined and shown to be a spatial probability density function evolving in time all whose moments of order less than α are finite. To illustrate analytical findings, results of numerical calculations and plots are presented.
A longterm energyrich diet increases prefrontal bdnf in spraguedawley rats

: Findings of the effect of high-fat feeding including “Cafeteria Diets” (CAF) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rodents are conﬂicting. CAF is a non-standardized, highly palatable energy-rich diet composed by everyday food items for human consumption and is known to induce metabolic syndrome and obesity in rats. However, the highly palatable nature of CAF may counteract a negative effect of chronic stress on anticipatory behavior and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, hence represent a confounding factor (e.g., when evaluating functional effects on the brain). This study investigated the effects of a chronic, restricted access to CAF on BDNF, monoamine neurotransmitters, and redox imbalance in HIP and PFC in male rats. Our results show that CAF induced BDNF and its receptor TrkB in PFC compared to the controls ( p < 0.0005). No differences in monoamine neurotransmitters were detected in either PFC or HIP. CAF increased dehydroascorbic acid and decreased malondialdehyde in PFC ( p < 0.05), suggesting an early redox imbalance insufﬁcient to induce lipid peroxidation. This study supports that a chronic CAF on a restricted schedule increases BDNF levels in the PFC of rats, highlighting that this may be a suboptimal feeding regime when investigating the effects of diet-induced obesity in the brain and emphasizing this as a point of attention when comparing the ﬁndings.
Photosynthetic rate and biomass production by inoculation of Scleroderma sp. with different concentrations of NaCl in pecan tree

The pecan tree [ Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] is one of the fruit trees established in northern Mexico, where there is a considerable area of soils with different degrees of salinity, to which the tree is sensitive. In seedlings inoculated with Scleroderma sp. , the effect of NaCl was evaluated at concentrations of 0, 20, 25, 30 and 35 mM, including a control without inoculation and without NaCl. The experiment was carried out at the University Regional Unit of Arid Zones in Bermejillo, Durango, Mexico, under greenhouse conditions. The seedlings were watered twice a week, during 2018. The plants inoculated and under non-saline conditions, showed the highest photosynthesis and transpiration, followed by the control seedlings. The concentration of Na + in root, stem and leaf was lower in the control and in the inoculated seedlings and without NaCl. The concentration of K in inoculated seedlings and under saline and non-saline conditions was like the control. The k/Na ratio was higher in the control and in the inoculated seedlings and under non-saline conditions and decreased as NaCl concentration increased, particularly in the root. The control seedlings showed higher dry weight in root, stem and leaf than those inoculated with Scleroderma sp. and under salt stress, but it was lower than in those inoculated with the fungus and under non-saline conditions. In seedlings under saline stress of 20 and 35 mM, the decrease in dry weight was 8.5 and 47%, compared to the control. Walnut seedlings inoculated with Scleroderma sp. and under non-saline condition, they showed better physiological response and biomass accumulation and not under saline condition.
Viscosity, Black Holes, and Quantum Field Theory

We review recent progress in applying the AdS/CFT correspondence to finite-temperature field theory. In particular, we show how the hydrodynamic behavior of field theory is reflected in the low-momentum limit of correlation functions computed through a real-time AdS/CFT prescription, which we formulate. We also show how the hydrodynamic modes in field theory correspond to the low-lying quasi-normal modes of the AdS black p-brane metric. We provide proof of the universality of the viscosity/entropy ratio within a class of theories with gravity duals and formulate a viscosity bound conjecture. Possible implications for real systems are mentioned.
A Step-by-Step Procedure for Local Analysis of Differential Equations

This note provides a detailed algorithm to the application of local (perturbation) analysis of differential equations which is normally taught at graduate math courses. Exercise books often present more abstract and simplified versions of equations for the application of perturbation techniques. The equation we study comes from the theory of competing mechanisms and describes the behavior of rational buyers in a certain environment. While in the latter literature similar equations were solved numerically, an analytical solution adds both theoretical and practical value for students and researchers.
A study on random permutation graphs

For a given permutation $\pi_n$ in $S_n$, a random permutation graph is formed by including an edge between two vertices $i$ and $j$ if and only if $(i - j) (\pi_n(i) - \pi_n (j)) < 0$. In this paper, we study various statistics of random permutation graphs. In particular, we prove central limit theorems for the number $m$-cliques and cycles of size at least $m$. Other problems of interest are on the number of isolated vertices, the distribution of a given node (the mid-node as a special case) and extremal degree statistics. Besides, we introduce a directed version of random permutation graphs, and provide two distinct paths that provide variations/generalizations of the model discussed in this paper.
Modular Invariants and Twisted Equivariant K-theory II: Dynkin diagram symmetries

The most basic structure of chiral conformal field theory (CFT) is the Verlinde ring. Freed-Hopkins-Teleman have expressed the Verlinde ring for the CFT's associated to loop groups, as twisted equivariant K-theory. We build on their work to express K-theoretically the structures of full CFT. In particular, the modular invariant partition functions (which essentially parametrise the possible full CFTs) have a rich interpretation within von Neumann algebras (subfactors), which has led to the developments of structures of full CFT such as the full system (fusion ring of defect lines), nimrep (cylindrical partition function), alpha-induction etc. Modular categorical interpretations for these have followed. For the generic families of modular invariants (i.e. those associated to Dynkin diagram symmetries), we provide a K-theoretic framework for these other CFT structures, and show how they relate to D-brane charges and charge-groups. We also study conformal embeddings and the E7 modular invariant of SU(2), as well as some families of finite group doubles. This new K-theoretic framework allows us to simplify and extend the less transparent, more ad hoc descriptions of these structures obtained previously within CFT.
Mukai flops and derived categories II

IfProblem 2 isa rm ative,then,which functorgivestheequivalence? The following exam ples suggest that the functor de ned by the ber product X X X + would be a correctone. Exam ples. (1)([B-O ]):LetX be a sm ooth quasi-projective variety ofdim ension 2h 1which containsa subvariety M = P h 1 with N M =X = O ( 1) h . O necan blow up X along M and blow down theexceptionaldivisorin another direction.In thisway,wehaveanew varietyX + with asubvarietyM + = P h 1 . Lets:X ! X and s :X + ! X bethebirationalcontraction m apsofM and M + to pointsrespectively.Let :X X X + ! X and + :X X X + ! X + be the projections.Then ( ):= R + L ( )isan equivalence.
The Wronski map and shifted tableau theory

The Mukhin-Tarasov-Varchenko Theorem, conjectured by B. and M. Shapiro, has a number of interesting consequences. Among them is a well-behaved correspondence between certain points on a Grassmannian - those sent by the Wronski map to polynomials with only real roots - and (dual equivalence classes of) Young tableaux. In this paper, we restrict this correspondence to the orthogonal Grassmannian OG(n,2n+1) inside Gr(n,2n+1). We prove that a point lies on OG(n,2n+1) if and only if the corresponding tableau has a certain type of symmetry. From this we recover much of the theory of shifted tableaux for Schubert calculus on OG(n,2n+1), including a new, geometric proof of the Littlewood-Richardson rule for OG(n,2n+1).
Computer vision syndrome (a.k.a. digital eye strain)

Computer vision syndrome, also known as digital eye strain, is the combination of eye and vision problems associated with the use of computers (including desktop, laptop and tablets) and other electronic displays (eg smartphones and electronic reading devices). In today’s world, the viewing of digital screens for both vocational and avocational activities is virtually universal. Digital electronic displays differ significantly from printed materials in terms of the within-task symptoms experienced. Many individuals spend 10 or more hours per day viewing these displays, frequently without adequate breaks. In addition, the small size of some portable screens may necessitate reduced font sizes, leading to closer viewing distances, which will increase the demands on both accommodation and vergence. Differences in blink patterns between hard-copy and electronic displays have also been observed. Digital eye strain has been shown to have a significant impact on both visual comfort and occupational productivity, since around 40% of adults and up to 80% of teenagers may experience significant visual symptoms (principally eye strain, tired and dry eyes), both during and immediately after viewing electronic displays. This paper reviews the principal ocular causes for this condition, and discusses how the standard eye examination should be modified to meet today’s visual demands. It is incumbent upon all eye care practitioners to have a good understanding of the symptoms associated with, and the physiology underlying problems while viewing digital displays. As modern society continues to move towards even greater use of electronic devices for both work and leisure activities, an inability to satisfy these visual requirements will present significant lifestyle difficulties for patients.
Effects of aerobics training on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in perimenopausal women

Objective To investigate the effect of aerobics training on anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance in perimenopausal women. Materials and methods A total of 289 perimenopausal women with anxiety, depression or sleep disorder in Lishi district of Luliang city were treated with aerobics training. Self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale and Pittsburgh sleep scale were used to investigate the anxiety, depression and sleep status of perimenopausal women before and after intervention. Results After aerobics training, the scores of self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale and Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire were 48.26 ± 6.47, 50.27 ± 6.54 and 10.64 ± 4.38, respectively. The levels of anxiety, depression and sleep disorder in 289 subjects were significantly lower than those before intervention (t = 3.865, 4.541, 5.596, P < 0.01). The remission rate of symptoms was significantly different in subjects with different frequency of spontaneous practice (P < 0.01), and the higher the number of spontaneous practice, the higher the remission rate of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in subjects (P < 0.01). Conclusion aerobics training can effectively improve the anxiety and depression of perimenopausal women, improve sleep quality, the more frequency of practice, the more obvious the effect. It can be used as an intervention to improve the mental health level of perimenopausal women in terms of anxiety, depression and sleep quality in clinical promotion.
Advancing fence datasets: Comparing approaches to map fence locations and specifications in southwest Montana

Fencing is a major anthropogenic feature affecting wildlife distributions and movements, but its impacts are difficult to quantify due to a widespread lack of spatial data. We created a fence model and compared outputs to a fence mapping approach using satellite imagery in two counties in southwest Montana, USA to advance fence data development for use in research and management. The model incorporated road, land cover, ownership, and grazing boundary spatial layers to predict fence locations. We validated the model using data collected on randomized road transects (n = 330). The model predicted ~34,700 km of fences with a mean fence density of 0.93 km/km2 and a maximum density of 14.9 km/km2. We also digitized fences using Google Earth Pro in a random subset of our study area in survey townships (n = 50). The Google Earth approach showed greater agreement (K = 0.76) with known samples than the fence model (K = 0.56) yet was unable to map fences in forests and was significantly more time intensive. We also compared fence attributes by land ownership and land cover variables to assess factors that may influence fence specifications (e.g., wire heights) and types (e.g., number of barbed wires). Private land fences had bottom wires that were closer to the ground and top wires higher from the ground when compared to fences on public lands, with sample means at ~22 cm and ~26 cm, and ~115 cm and ~111 cm, respectively. Both bottom wire means were well below recommended heights for ungulates navigating underneath fencing (≥ 46 cm), while top wire means were closer to the 107 cm maximum fence height recommendation. We found that both fence type and land ownership were correlated (χ 2 = 45.52, df = 5, p = 0.001) as well as fence type and land cover type (χ 2 = 140.73, df = 15, p = 0.001). We provide tools for estimating fence locations, and our novel fence type assessment demonstrates an opportunity for updated policy to encourage the adoption of “wildlife-friendlier” fencing standards to facilitate wildlife movement in the western U.S. while supporting rural livelihoods.
Neontological and paleontological congruence in the evolution of Podocarpaceae (coniferales) reproductive morphology

Introduction Podocarpaceae are a diverse, primarily tropical conifer family that commonly produce large leaves and highly reduced, fleshy seed cones bearing large seeds. These features may result from relatively recent adaptation to closed-canopy angiosperm forests and bird-mediated seed dispersal, although determining precisely when shifts in leaf and seed cone morphology occurred is difficult due to a sparse fossil record and relatively few surviving deep lineages. Methods We compare the fossil record of Podocarpaceae with results from ancestral state reconstruction methods and correlated character models using neontological data and a previously published molecular time-tree. Results Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that small leaves, small seeds, and multi-seeded cones are ancestral in crown Podocarpaceae, with reduced cones bearing few seeds appearing in the Early Cretaceous and the correlated evolution of large leaves and large seeds occurring from the Late Cretaceous onwards. The exact timing of these shifts based on neontological data alone are poorly constrained, however, and estimates of leaf and seed size are imprecise. Discussion The fossil record is largely congruent with results based on the molecular time-tree, but provide important constraints on the range of leaf and seed sizes that were present in Cretaceous Podocarpaceae and the time by which changes in cone morphology and seed size likely occurred. We suggest in particular that reduced seed cones appeared in the Early Cretaceous and are linked to the contemporaneous diversification of small bodied avialans (birds), with shifts to larger seed sizes occurring after the Cretaceous in association with the spread of closed-canopy angiosperm forests.
Connectivity patterns of Brazilian coral reefs associated with potential variation on thermal stress tolerance

The rising trend in sea surface temperature presents a threat to tropical coral reefs, causing increased mass bleaching and mortality events. Brazilian reefs have been characterized as less susceptible to thermal stress, where the assessment of bleaching events based on temperature anomalies often overpredicts its actual occurrences in comparison with other regions of the global ocean. With coral reefs acclimatized to local environmental conditions, larval connectivity presents a potential role in introducing organisms adapted to different temperature conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the connectivity patterns of Brazilian coral reefs, verifying its potential influence on the variation of thermal stress tolerance supported by these communities. Connectivity was estimated based on 27-year larval dispersion simulations, from 1993 to 2019, among 180 reef sites distributed in seven ecoregions on the Brazilian continental margin. Simulations were performed using a biophysical model coupling ocean currents data and life history traits of Mussismilia hispida, a widespread stony-coral type species and one of the major endemic reef builders in the South Atlantic. The potential influence of larval connectivity on thermal stress tolerance was evaluated considering the probability of connections between each reef site, their respective bleaching thresholds, and the accumulation of sea surface temperature anomalies over 12-week periods. The results indicated that connectivity-influenced bleaching estimations were significantly closer to observations reported in the literature when compared to estimations without connectivity (p-value < 0.05). These findings present an evidence that larval connectivity may display a relevant role in the adaptation of Brazilian corals to changes in seawater temperature, leading to a potential variation of ± 0.3°C in local thermal stress thresholds. Different connectivity patterns assessed during the occurrence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation events were also observed in association with the migrations of the South Equatorial Current bifurcation. These conditions led to the disruption of connections between the Eastern and Northeastern reef sites during El Niño, and between the Northeastern and Amazon reef sites during La Niña. Ultimately, it is expected that those findings may contribute to the management of Brazilian coral reefs regarding changes in dispersal pathways and thermal stress tolerance given future climate change scenarios.
Stroke thrombolysis in a middle-income country: A case study exploring the determinants of its implementation

Introduction Translation of evidence into clinical practice for use of intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke care has been slow, especially across low- and middle-income countries. In Malaysia where the average national uptake was poor among the public hospitals in 2018, one hospital intriguingly showed comparable thrombolysis rates to high-income countries. This study aimed to explore and provide in-depth understanding of factors and explanations for the high rates of intravenous stroke thrombolysis in this hospital. Methods This single case study sourced data using a multimethod approach: (1) semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, (2) surveys, and (3) review of medical records. The Tailored Implementation of Chronic Diseases (TICD) framework was used as a guide to understand the determinants of implementation. Twenty-nine participants comprising the Hospital Director, neurologists, emergency physicians, radiologists, pharmacists, nurses and medical assistants (MAs) were included. Thematic analyses were conducted inductively before triangulated with quantitative analyses and document reviews. Results Favorable factors contributing to the uptake included: (1) cohesiveness of team members which comprised of positive interprofessional team dynamics, shared personal beliefs and values, and passionate leadership, and (2) facilitative work process through simplification of workflow and understanding the rationale of the sense of urgency. Patient factors was a limiting factor. Almost two third of ischemic stroke patients arrived at the hospital outside the therapeutic window time, attributing patients' delayed presentation as a main barrier to the uptake of intravenous stroke thrombolysis. One other barrier was the availability of resources, although this was innovatively optimized to minimize its impact on the uptake of the therapy. As such, potential in-hospital delays accounted for only 3.8% of patients who missed the opportunity to receive thrombolysis. Conclusions Despite the ongoing challenges, the success in implementing intravenous stroke thrombolysis as standard of care was attributed to the cohesiveness of team members and having facilitative work processes. For countries of similar settings, plans to improve the uptake of intravenous stroke thrombolysis should consider the inclusion of interventions targeting on these modifiable factors.