Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Population Genetics at Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents Along the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos Rift

Abstract : Ecological processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges are punctuated by frequent physical disturbance. Larval dispersal among disjunct vent sites facilitates the persistence of sessile invertebrate species in these geologically and chemically dynamic habitats despite local extinction events. Regional population extension and rapid recolonization by the siboglinid tubeworm Rifliapachyptila have been well documented along the East Pacific Rise and the Galapagos Rift. To analyze spatial and temporal population genetic patterns and the processes governing them at ephemeral and disjunct habitats, a suite of 12 highly variable microsatellite DNA markers were developed for this species. Eight of these loci were used to assess the regional and within-ridge genetic structure of recent colonists and resident adults collected from nine sites in the eastern Pacific Ocean over period of three to seven years. A significant seafloor eruption during the seven-year sampling period allowed investigation into the role of local extinction in population genetic diversity at the Tica vent site at 9 deg N EPR, while collections within two and five years of an eruption that created the Rosebud vent field at 86 deg W GAR provided insights into genetic diversity input over population establishment.
Age of Lassen Peak, California, and implications for the ages of late Pleistocene glaciations in the southern Cascade Range

Lassen Peak is a large volcanic dome of late Pleistocene age at the southern end of the Cascades arc. This dacitic dome has a complex phenocryst assemblage of mixed-magma origin and has been effectively dated for the first time using the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar technique. Emplacement of the dome occurred after an advance of late Pleistocene glaciers from an older volcanic cone to the southwest and from a large volcanic plateau to the east. Emplacement of the Lassen Peak dome before the latest major Pleistocene glaciation—correlated by previous workers with the Tioga glaciation of the Sierra Nevada—formed a high peak that intercepted some of the precipitation that previously had fed the plateau ice cap, forming a 10-km-long glacier from a cirque on the northeast side of the peak. The weighted mean 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of the dacite of Lassen Peak is 28.3 ± 2.7 ka. Comparison of its remanent magnetic direction to that of sedimentary deposits at Mono Lake, California, indicates a correlation to strata of 27 ± 1 ka. The dacite of Kings Creek, which erupted from the site of Lassen Peak before a glacial advance that predated the Lassen Peak dome, overlies peat that has a U-Th-calibrated 14 C age of 37.6 ± 0.2 ka. The dacite of Kings Creek yielded a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of 32 ± 17 ka. The paleomagnetism of this dacite is similar to that of Mono Lake sediments of 35 ± 1 ka age. Thus, a late Pleistocene glacial advance probably began in the Lassen region between about 35 and 27 ka.
Mapas de ciencias multidisciplinares: la Biología Molecular en la Comunidad de Madrid

A co-citation and a co-author analysis of the scientific production in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics was conducted in Madrid over a time period spanning the years 1995-2003. We use ISI-JCR categories as units of co-citation and measurement for the construction of heliocentric maps. Applying visualization techniques and social network analysis, we presented three maps. This analysis reveals the changing linkages of the domain and the multidisciplinary intellectual structure of the field.
Alternative oxidase (AOX) 1a and 1d limit proline-induced oxidative stress and aid salinity recovery in Arabidopsis.

Proline (Pro) catabolism and reactive oxygen species production have been linked in mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans, while increases in leaf respiration rate follow Pro exposure in plants. Here we investigated how alternative oxidases (AOXs) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain accommodate the large, atypical flux resulting from Pro catabolism and limit oxidative stress during Pro breakdown in mature Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Following Pro treatment, AOX1a and AOX1d accumulate at transcript and protein levels, with AOX1d approaching the level of the typically dominant AOX1a isoform. We therefore sought to determine the function of both AOX isoforms under Pro respiring conditions. Oxygen consumption rate measurements in aox1a and aox1d leaves suggested these AOXs can functionally compensate for each other to establish enhanced AOX catalytic capacity in response to Pro. Generation of aox1a.aox1d lines showed complete loss of AOX proteins and activity upon Pro treatment, yet full respiratory induction in response to Pro remained possible via the cytochrome pathway. However, aox1a.aox1d leaves displayed symptoms of elevated oxidative stress and suffered increased oxidative damage during Pro metabolism compared to the WT or the single mutants. During recovery from salt stress, when relatively high rates of Pro catabolism occur naturally, photosynthetic rates in aox1a.aox1d recovered slower than in WT or the single aox lines, showing that both AOX1a and AOX1d are beneficial for cellular metabolism during Pro drawdown following osmotic stress. This work provides physiological evidence of a beneficial role for AOX1a but also the less studied AOX1d isoform in allowing safe catabolism of alternative respiratory substrates like Pro.
Small volcanoes in Tempe Terra, Mars: Their detailed morphometry and inferred geologic significance

The Tempe Terra province contains a variety of volcanic landforms that range in size from small vents (less than 10 km in diameter) to moderately sized volcanoes (150 km in diameter). The volcanoes are aligned along the dominant northerly and northeasterly trends of the faults in this region, and many of the volcanoes occur on grabens. Some workers have speculated on the nature of some of the volcanoes on the basis of their general morphology, shadow measurement height, lateral dimension, and geologic setting. As part of a larger study, we have obtained detailed photoclinometric profiles across five of the more conspicuous small volcanoes in the Tempe Terra region. For these data, we extracted for each volcano its flank width and edifice height and the width and depth of its summit crater. We statistically compared these dimensions for each volcano with a set of average dimensions for each type of terrestrial volcanic feature listed in Pike and Clow (1981). These comparisons indicate that the morphometries of the Martian volcanoes 1, 2, and 3 most closely match Earth's cratered basaltic lava shields, and the morphometries of volcanoes 4 and 5 are similar to those of terrestrial basaltic tuff rings.
Maritime Transportation: Safety Management and Risk Analysis

Shipping and marine transportation is a highly regulated global industry. With heightened public awareness of the environmental and human cost of marine accidents, and tighter legislation from governments and international bodies on ships and shipping operations, the safe and efficient operation of ships is a priority for all ship builders, owners and operators. This book is the essential guide to the safety of maritime transportation for anyone in the field. The book covers all aspects of maritime risk and safety from engineering and operational perspectives, as well as regulatory and health and safety requirements. It addresses the needs of both professionals and students working in the related fields of shipping management, ship design and naval architecture and transport management, as well as fields including safety management, insurance and accident investigation.
Adaptation Bridges and Barriers in Water Planning and Management: Insight from Recent Extreme Droughts in Arizona and Georgia 1

Abstract: It is critical to understand the ability of water management to prepare for and respond to the likely increasing duration, frequency, and intensity of droughts brought about by climate variability and change. This article evaluates this ability, or adaptive capacity, within large urban community water systems (CWSs) in Arizona and Georgia. It analyzes interview data on the bridges and barriers to adapting water management approaches in relation to extreme droughts over the past decade. This study not only finds levers for building adaptive capacity that are unique to each state but also identifies several unifying themes that cut across both cases. The interviews also show that a particular bridge or barrier, such as state regulation, is not universally beneficial or detrimental for building adaptive capacity within each state. Such knowledge is useful for improving water and drought management and for understanding how CWSs might prepare for future climate variability and change by removing the barriers and bolstering the bridges in efforts to build adaptive capacity.
Glacial and Interglacial Changes in Southwest Pacific Water Mass Ventilation and Circulation

Glacial/interglacial changes in Southern Ocean’s air-sea gas exchange have been considered as important mechanisms contributing to the glacial/interglacial variability in atmospheric CO2. Hence, understanding past variability in Southern Ocean intermediateto deep-water chemistry and circulation is fundamental to constrain the role of these processes on modulating glacial/interglacial changes in the global carbon cycle. Our study focused on the glacial/interglacial variability in the vertical extent of southwest Pacific Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). We compared carbon and oxygen isotope records from epibenthic foraminifera of sediment cores bathed in modern AAIW and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW; 943 – 2066 m water depth) to monitor changes in water mass circulation spanning the past 350,000 years. We propose that pronounced freshwater input by melting sea ice into the glacial AAIW significantly hampered the downward expansion of SW-Pacific AAIW. This process led to a pronounced upward displacement of the AAIW-
Permeability tensor of three‐dimensional fractured porous rock and a comparison to trace map predictions

The reduction from three‐ to two‐dimensional analysis of the permeability of a fractured rock mass introduces errors in both the magnitude and direction of principal permeabilities. This error is numerically quantified for porous rock by comparing the equivalent permeability of three‐dimensional fracture networks with the values computed on arbitrarily extracted planar trace maps. A method to compute the full permeability tensor of three‐dimensional discrete fracture and matrix models is described. The method is based on the element‐wise averaging of pressure and flux, obtained from a finite element solution to the Laplace problem, and is validated against analytical expressions for periodic anisotropic porous media. For isotropic networks of power law size‐distributed fractures with length‐correlated aperture, two‐dimensional cut planes are shown to underestimate the magnitude of permeability by up to 3 orders of magnitude near the percolation threshold, approaching an average factor of deviation of 3 with increasing fracture density. At low‐fracture densities, percolation may occur in three dimensions but not in any of the two‐dimensional cut planes. Anisotropy of the equivalent permeability tensor varies accordingly and is more pronounced in two‐dimensional extractions. These results confirm that two‐dimensional analysis cannot be directly used as an approximation of three‐dimensional equivalent permeability. However, an alternative expression of the excluded area relates trace map fracture density to an equivalent three‐dimensional fracture density, yielding comparable minimum and maximum permeability. This formulation can be used to approximate three‐dimensional flow properties in cases where only two‐dimensional analysis is available.
The Alpine Tethys rifted margins: Reconciling old and new ideas to understand the stratigraphic architecture of magma‐poor rifted margins

This study focuses on the assessment of the stratigraphic architecture of the proximal and distal Jurassic Alpine Tethys rifted margins. The aim of the study was to reconcile the major observations performed in the Alps through time with what is observed in present‐day magma‐poor rifted margins. The proximal and distal rifted margins reflect two evolutionary phases of rifting involving different structures and isostatic evolutions leading to different stratigraphic records. The proximal rifted margins formed from Upper Triassic to Pliensbachian times and resulted in the formation of classical half graben basins. Rift evolution changed drastically during Pliensbachian to Toarcian times when extension started to localize in the future distal rifted margins. Low‐angle detachment faults become the new elementary structure controlling final crustal tapering and eventually mantle exhumation to the sea floor. New structural elements controlling the stratigraphic architecture of the distal rifted margins include extensional allochthons and breakaway blocks, both resulting from the delamination of a keystone block, also referred to as hangingwall block, during hyper‐extension processes. To define the stratigraphic architecture of the proximal and distal rifted margins, three stratigraphic marker horizons are used, namely the top of the pre‐rift sequences, the top of the proximal margin syn‐tectonic sequence and the base of post‐rift sequences. Based on the distribution of these stratigraphic marker horizons across the Alpine units and a structural re‐evaluation of the rift structures, a synthetic tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the Alpine Tethys domain is proposed that reconciles old and new ideas about how rift systems may evolve in space and time.
Statistical analysis of dislocation dynamics during viscoplastic deformation from acoustic emission

We present experimental data of acoustic emission (AE) induced by dislocation motion during “pure” viscoplastic (ductile) deformation of singlecrystals and polycrystals of ice which provide opportunity to revisit collective dislocation dynamics as a critical phenomenon, as recently proposed for brittle fracturing. The data were recorded during compression and torsion creep experiments. AE statistics of power law type were systematically obtained under different experimental conditions. Among the possible candidates for such a system with threshold dynamics exhibiting power law statistics, critical points, disordered first-order transitions, and self-organized criticality should be considered. The revisitation of dislocation dynamics as a critical phenomenon allows rationalization of collective effects as well as of the heterogeneity and complexity of viscoplastic deformation of crystalline materials. Such critical behavior implies that dislocation avalanches and strain localizations are unpredictible, in a deterministic sense, in space, time, and energy domains and that large plastic instabilities account for most of the viscoplastic deformation.
Respiratory modulated sympathetic activity: a putative mechanism for developing vascular resistance?

6 Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) exhibits respiratory modulation. This component of SNA is 7 important - being recruited under cardiorespiratory reflex conditions and elevated in the 8 spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat – and yet, the exact influence of this modulation on vascular 9 tone is not understood, even in normotensive conditions. We constructed a mathematical model of 10 the sympathetic innervation of an arteriole, and used it to test the hypothesis that respiratory 11 modulation of SNA preferentially increases vasoconstriction compared to a frequency-matched tonic 12 pattern. Simulations supported the hypothesis, where respiratory modulated increases in 13 vasoconstriction were mediated by a noradrenergic mechanism. These predictions were tested in 14 vivo in adult Wistar rats. Stimulation of the sympathetic chain (L3) with respiratory-modulated 15 bursting patterns, revealed that bursting increases vascular resistance (VR) more than tonic 16 stimulation (57.8±3.3% vs 44.8±4.2%; p<0.001; n=8). The onset of the VR response was also quicker 17 for bursting stimulation (rise time-constant=1.98±0.09s vs 2.35±0.20s; p<0.01). In adult SH rats 18 (n=8), the VR response to bursting (44.6±3.9%) was not different to tonic (37.4±3.5%; p=0.57). Using 19 both mathematical modelling and in vivo techniques, we have shown that VR depends critically on 20 respiratory modulation and revealed that this pattern-dependency in Wistar rats is due to a 21 noradrenergic mechanism. This respiratory component may therefore contribute to the ontogenesis 22 of hypertension in the pre-hypertensive SH rat - raising VR and driving vascular remodelling. Why
Non-specific Low Back Pain Among Nurses in Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Introduction Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a complex and multifactorial health problem. Evidence has shown that LBP is an important occupational hazard and nurses are particularly at high risk. While several studies have addressed the prevalence of LBP worldwide, the prevalence of LBP in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of LBP among nurses in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study carried out in four major public hospitals in the Qassim region. A total of 323 nurses were recruited through a two-stage sampling method. A previously validated questionnaire was used to gather data. The main outcome measures were; LBP prevalence during working life, demographic factors, lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and psychological factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with LBP. Results The study showed that LBP prevalence was 65.6% (n=212). Over one-third of the study, participants sought treatment for LBP (n=82, 38.7%). Age and the type of ward were found significantly associated with LBP [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19, 0.77; p value=0.007] & (aOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.86; p-value =0.02), respectively. However, gender, working hours, number of patients, stress, and smoking were not identified as LBP risk factors in this study. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that LBP is a highly prevalent occupational health problem among nurses in Qassim. Young nurses 20-30 years are more likely to suffer from LBP, while nurses working in the general surgery wards have a lower risk for LBP in this study. On-the-job training is essential particularly for new and young nurses on proper body mechanics when mobilizing patients or lifting heavy equipment. In addition, there is a need for evidence-based interventions to improve the workplace environment for nurses in hospitals in order to lower LBP prevalence.
Device-detected subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias: definition, implications and management-an European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardíaca y Elect

Among atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT), atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Many patients with AT have no symptoms during brief or even extended periods of the arrhythmia, making detection in patients at risk for stroke challenging. Subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmia and asymptomatic or silent atrial tachyarrhythmia often precede the development of clinical AF. Clinical AF and subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism. Indeed, in many cases, SCAF is discovered only after complications such as ischaemic stroke or congestive heart failure have occurred
Diagenetic arsenic uptake in archaeological bone. Can we really identify copper smelters

In a recent paper Oakberg, Levy & Smith (2000) reported measurements of arsenic concentrations in bone from the Chalcolithic site of Shiqmim, Israel. They inferred that since elevated levels of As had been found in the bone of modern copper smelter workers in Sweden, high concentrations in archaeological bone could be used to infer copper smelting activities in the past. However, their argument ignores the effects of post-depositional mobility of arsenic between soil, groundwater and bone. Here, we outline the processes influencing mobilization of As and post-depositional As incorporation in bone. We argue that the As concentrations reported by Oakberg, Levy & Smith (2000) can be accounted for by diagenetic uptake and are unlikely to reflect biogenic As concentrations. We therefore conclude that the data presented by Oakberg, Levy & Smith (2000) cannot be used to infer past copper smelting.
Detection of snowmelt regions on the Greenland ice sheet using diurnal backscatter change

Abstract Snowmelt regions on Greenland ice are mapped daily with the SeaWinds wideswath Ku-band (13.4 GHz) scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite. The approach exploits the high temporal resolution of SeaWinds/QuikSCAT data for the melt mapping using diurnal backscatter change independent of the absolute calibration. The results reveal several pronounced melting and refreezing events, and effects of topography are evident in the melt patterns. The spatial resolution is sufficient to identify melt features on the Sukker-toppen Iskappe west of the main ice sheet. An anomalous warming event, caused by down-ward mixing of warm air, is detected in late September 1999 over the west flank of the southern Greenland ice sheet. Time-series images of melt regions are presented over the period from summer to the fall freeze-up. The satellite observations are verified with in situ measurements from the Greenland Climate Network stations.