Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EHGA: A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Scheduling Tasks on Distributed Edge-Cloud Infrastructures

Due to cloud computing's limitations, edge computing has emerged to address computation-intensive and time-sensitive applications. In edge computing, users can offload their tasks to edge servers. However, the edge servers' resources are limited, making task scheduling everything but easy. In this paper, we formulate the scheduling of tasks between the user equipment, the edge, and the cloud as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem that aims to minimize the total system delay. To solve this MILP problem, we propose an Enhanced Healed Genetic Algorithm solution (EHGA). The results with EHGA are compared with those of CPLEX and a few heuristics previously proposed by us. The results indicate that EHGA is more accurate and reliable than the heuristics and Quicker than CPLEX at solving the MILP problem.
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Saline-Alkali Land Improvement and Utilization on Soil Organic Carbon

There is a large amount of saline-alkali land in China. Through the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land to improve the carbon content in soil, it can not only become a reserve resource of cultivated land or grazing grassland, but also become an important land “carbon sink”. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to identify the impact of improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil on soil organic carbon (SOC) in China. Our results showed that the soil salt and alkali content in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in China was the highest, with an SOC content between 3.05 and 17.8 g/kg and pH between 8.84 and 9.94. Among the five methods of reclamation, halophyte planting, fertilization, biochar and modifier application, only biochar and modifier application significantly increased the SOC content (p < 0.05). The content of SOC in saline-alkali soil was 2.9–6.3 g/kg before biochar application, and significantly increased to 6.2–13.05 g/kg after biochar application (p < 0.01). The SOC content was 3.05–8.12 g/kg before the application of the modifier, and significantly increased to 3.68–9 g/kg (p < 0.05) after the application of the modifier. After utilization and improvement of saline-alkali land, the total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium also increased significantly (p < 0.05). This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land in China and its potential for increasing carbon sinks.
Upstream-Downstream Optimization of Volt-Var Control in Smart Grids

With the invention of smart inverters, customer-owned PV systems have the potential to support voltage and reactive power control. These inverters can inject reactive power into the network to reduce losses and ensure an adequate voltage profile for all the buses in the system. This work proposes an upstream-downstream optimization approach for volt-var control (VVC) integrating the action of traditional grid equipment and smart inverters. The proposed algorithm is based on dynamic programming concepts and is validated in a 136-bus test system. The results show that the proposed VVC can successfully reduce such voltage levels to suitable operating levels.
Position Sensorless Startup Scheme for PMSM Drives with Single Current Sensor

In aerospace and deepwater servo applications, current and position sensors will increase the size of the driver. Sensor failure will seriously affect the control effect of the system, and reduce the reliability of the system. To address this issue, some scholars have proposed a sensorless control scheme based on phase current reconstruction. However, these methods always concentrate on issues when the motor operates under medium speed without considering the startup problem. For that, an adjusted I-F startup strategy that is suitable for current reconstruction is proposed in this paper and a non-linear current regulator is proposed to make the motor switch smoothly from single-loop to double-loop control. Finally, the feasibility of the whole scheme is verified through experiments, and the reconstructed current, location estimation and switching effect are analyzed.
Differential equations as embedding obstructions and vanishing theorems

We generalize a vanishing theorem for the cohomology of symmetric powers of the cotangent bundle of subvarieties of projective space due to Schneider. From this we deduce new vanishing results for Green-Griffiths jet differential bundles, generalizing results of Diverio and Pacienza-Rousseau.
On the uniform convergence of random series in Skorohod space and representations of càdlàg infinitely divisible processes

Let Xn be independent random elements in the Skorohod space D([0,1];E) of cadlag functions taking values in a separable Banach space E. Let Sn=∑nj=1Xj. We show that if Sn converges in finite dimensional distributions to a cadlag process, then Sn+yn converges a.s. pathwise uniformly over [0,1], for some yn∈D([0,1];E). This result extends the Ito–Nisio theorem to the space D([0,1];E), which is surprisingly lacking in the literature even for E=R. The main difficulties of dealing with D([0,1];E) in this context are its nonseparability under the uniform norm and the discontinuity of addition under Skorohod’s J1-topology. We use this result to prove the uniform convergence of various series representations of cadlag infinitely divisible processes. As a consequence, we obtain explicit representations of the jump process, and of related path functionals, in a general non-Markovian setting. Finally, we illustrate our results on an example of stable processes. To this aim we obtain new criteria for such processes to have cadlag modifications, which may also be of independent interest.
Cashmere and Wool Classification with Large Kernel Attention and Deep Learning

Aiming at the problems of low manual detection efficiency and low automatic detection accuracy of cashmere and wool, a method is proposed to realize the image detection of cashmere and wool single fiber by using large kernel attention(LKA) mechanism and deep convolutional neural network. Based on the ConvNeXt network structure paradigm with simple structure, good scalability and high accuracy on ImageNet large datasets, the inverted residual structure improvement avoids information loss, and large kernel attention mechanism is added to make the model more accurate to pay attention to differentiated regions on the feature map space and channel, while considering the sparse amount of fiber image information, in order to avoid redundant training parameters and overfitting, the network is lightweight while maintaining the proportion of the ConvNeXt network hierarchy, and the LKA-RConvNeXt model is established. Finally, after training on 15,000 cashmere and wool datasets, the highest classification accuracy can reach 96.1%. Through ablation experiments and model comparison analysis, it is verified that the improved method used is beneficial to the accuracy of the model. The model can be used for cashmere and wool in automatic classification tasks, and contributes to backbone network for the subsequent fiber object detection task.
Invariance principles for random sums of random variables

This note investigates invariance principles for sums of N(nt) iid radom variables, where n is an integer, t is a positive real number and N(u) is a stochastic process with nonnegative integer values. We show that the sequence of sums of these random variables denoted S(n,t), when appropriately centered and normalized, weakly converges to a Gaussian process. We give sufficient conditions depending on the expectation of N(nt) which allows to rescale S(n,t) into a stochastic S(n,a(t)) weakly converging to a Brownian motion.
Influence of Gate Driver Loop Inductance on SiC MOSFET Module Turn-on Gate Voltage Oscillation in High Power Application

High power SiC MOSFET module has been widely used in HEV/EV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle/Electric Vehicle) traction inverters due to superior dynamic and static performance. However, the fast transient characteristic and inherent parasitic parameters could result in unexpected oscillation in the SiC MOSFET gate loop. This paper comprehensively analyzes the mechanism of gate-source voltage (vgs) oscillation during SiC MOSFET turn-on. Large power loop parasitic inductance would generate drain-source voltage (vds) oscillation, which could have adverse impact on gate-source voltage (vgs) through miller capacitor according to Kirchhoff’s Laws. Furthermore, large gate inductance from copper trace on PCB could exacerbate the vgs oscillation. Finally, simulation and experimental comparison between two driver board layouts reveal the influence of gate driver loop inductance on SiC MOSFET module turn-on gate voltage oscillation and validate the proposed PCB design recommendations.
An Enhanced Electric Vehicle with modified Predictive Direct Torque Control of Open Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a popular method for controlling the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Drive. However, high torque and flux ripples are a disadvantage of DTC. It is observable that PMSM drive with Predictive Direct Torque Control (PDTC) function produces smaller torque and flux ripples, attaining better responsiveness under various steady-state and dynamic circumstances. This work proposes a low complexity PDTC-based technique for direct regulation of flux and torque of an Open Winding (OW) PMSM drive. Two unique cost-functions for regulating flux and torque are employed in this suggested PDTC without involving a weighting component. For the OW-PMSM Drive, this simplified technique offers an enhanced steady state response. To verify this, simulation model is created in the MATLAB-2020a Simulink platform. Comparative simulations of the suggested control with DTC are performed in terms of steady state and dynamic properties.
Variations on the adiabatic invariance: The Lorentz pendulum

We analyze a simple variant of the Lorentz pendulum in which the length is varied exponentially instead of uniformly as in the standard case. We establish quantitative criteria for the condition of adiabatic changes in both pendula and demonstrate their substantially different physical behavior with regard to adiabatic invariance.
Towards a Shade Tolerant Monolithically Interconnected Perovskite Module for use in Four Terminal Tandem Devices

During partial shading of a monolithically interconnected cell string, the shaded cells can operate at a reversed voltage. This negative voltage can lead to degradation of the shaded cell. For a successful practical application of large area Perovskite modules (e.g. in four terminal tandems) a shade tolerant top module is required. In this study electrical simulations on various shading and interconnection scenarios have been performed. The simulations showed that the magnitude of reverse bias can be kept low when strings are connected in parallel, and at least one of the strings is not shaded.
Convergence of the eigenvalue density for Laguerre beta ensembles on short scales

In this note, we prove that the normalized trace of the resolvent of the beta-Laguerre ensemble eigenvalues is close to the Stieltjes transform of the Marchenko-Pastur (MP) distribution with very high probability, for values of the imaginary part greater than $m^{1+\varepsilon}$. As an immediate corollary, we obtain convergence of the one-point density to the MP law on short scales. The proof serves to illustrate some simplifications of the method introduced in our previous work to prove a local semi-circle law for Gaussian beta-ensembles.
Linear independence of translates implies linear independence of affine Parseval frames on LCA groups

Motivated by Bownik and Speegle's result on linear independence of wavelet Parseval frames, we consider affine systems (analogous to wavelet systems) defined on a second countable, locally compact abelian group $G$, where the translations are replaced by the action of a countable, discrete subgroup $\Gamma$ of $ G$ acting as a group of unitary operators on $L^2(G)$. The dilation operation in the wavelet setting is replaced by integer powers of a unitary operator $\delta$ onto $L^2(G)$. We show that, under some compatibility conditions between $\delta$ and the action of the group $\Gamma$, the linear independence of the translates of any function in $L^2(G)$ by elements of $\Gamma$ implies the linear independence of affine Parseval frames in $L^2(G)$.
$L^2$-Burau maps and $L^2$-Alexander torsions

It is well known that the Burau representation of the braid group can be used to recover the Alexander polynomial of the closure of a braid. We define $L^2$-Burau maps and use them to compute some $L^2$-Alexander torsions of links. As an application, we prove that the $L^2$-Burau maps distinguish more braids than the Burau representation.
Shellability and Sphericity of the quasi-arc complex of the M\"obius strip

Shellability of a simplicial complex has many useful structural implications. In particular, it was shown by Danaraj and Klee that every shellable pseudo-manifold is a PL-sphere. The purpose of this paper is to prove the shellability of the quasi-arc complex of the M\"obius strip. Along the way we provide elementary proofs of the shellability of the arc complex of the $n$-gon and the cylinder. In turn, applying the result of Danaraj and Klee, we obtain the sphericity of all of these complexes.
Refinements of a reversed AM–GM operator inequality

We prove some refinements of a reverse AM–GM operator inequality due to M. Lin [Studia Math. 2013;215:187–194]. In particular, we show the operator inequality where A, B are positive operators on a Hilbert space such that for some positive numbers m, M, is a positive unital linear map on , , , and .
SAPM: Self-Adaptive Parallel Manipulator with Pose and Force Adjustment for Robotic Ultrasonography

Robotic ultrasonography potentially acts as an essential aid to medical diagnosis. To overcome the limitations in robotic ultrasonography, in this article, we proposed a novel self-adaptive parallel manipulator (SAPM) that can automatically adjust the ultrasound (US) probe pose to adapt to various contours of scanned areas, provide approximate constant operating forces/torques, achieve mechanical measurement, and cushion undesired produced forces. A novel parallel adjustment mechanism is proposed to attain automatic pose adjustment with 3 degrees of freedom (DOFs). This mechanism enables the US probe to adapt to different scanned areas and to perform the scanning with approximate constant forces and torques. Besides, we present a mechanical measurement and safety protection method that can be integrated into the SAPM and used as operation status monitoring and early warning during scanning procedures by capturing operating forces and torques. Experiments were carried out to calibrate the measurement and buffer units and evaluate the performance of the SAPM. Experimental results show the ability of the SAPM to provide 3 DOFs motion and operating force/torque measurement and automatically adjust the US probe pose to capture US images of equally good quality compared to a manual sonographer scan. Moreover, it has characteristics similar to soft robots that could significantly improve operation safety, and could be extended to some other engineering or medical applications.
The non-commutative scheme having a free algebra as a homogeneous coordinate ring

Let k be a field and TV the tensor algebra on a k-vector space V of dimension n>1. This paper proves that the quotient category QGr(TV) := Gr(TV)/Fdim of graded TV-modules modulo those that are unions of finite dimensional modules is equivalent to the category of modules over the direct limit of matrix algebras, M_n(k)^{\otimes r}. QGr(TV) is viewed as the category of "quasi-coherent sheaves" on the non-commutative scheme Proj(TV). The subcategory qgr(TV) consisting of the finitely presented objects is viewed as the category of coherent sheaves on Proj(TV). We show qgr(TV) has no indecomposable objects, no noetherian objects, and no simple objects. Moreover, every short exact sequence in qgr(TV) splits. The equivalence of categories result can be interpreted as saying that Proj(TV) is an "affine non-commutative scheme".
Picard group of hypersurfaces in toric 3-folds

We show that the usual sufficient criterion for a generic hypersurface in a smooth projective manifold to have the same Picard number as the ambient variety can be generalized to hypersurfaces in complete simplicial toric varieties. This sufficient condition is always satisfied by generic K3 surfaces embedded in Fano toric 3-folds.
Evaluation Beyond Task Performance: Analyzing Concepts in AlphaZero in Hex

AlphaZero, an approach to reinforcement learning that couples neural networks and Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS), has produced state-of-the-art strategies for traditional board games like chess, Go, shogi, and Hex. While researchers and game commentators have suggested that AlphaZero uses concepts that humans consider important, it is unclear how these concepts are captured in the network. We investigate AlphaZero's internal representations in the game of Hex using two evaluation techniques from natural language processing (NLP): model probing and behavioral tests. In doing so, we introduce new evaluation tools to the RL community and illustrate how evaluations other than task performance can be used to provide a more complete picture of a model's strengths and weaknesses. Our analyses in the game of Hex reveal interesting patterns and generate some testable hypotheses about how such models learn in general. For example, we find that MCTS discovers concepts before the neural network learns to encode them. We also find that concepts related to short-term end-game planning are best encoded in the final layers of the model, whereas concepts related to long-term planning are encoded in the middle layers of the model.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Enzyme Activity along an Altitude Gradient in the Fanjingshan Area, Northeastern Guizhou Province, China

Changes in altitude can cause regional microclimate changes, leading to the spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors and soil bacteria. However, the internal driving process and mechanism remain unclear. Here, we selected Fanjingshan, a typical nature reserve in the subtropical region of south China with a clear altitudinal belt, to reveal the response mechanisms of microbial populations with altitude changes. We examined the physiochemical and biological properties (pH and soil enzyme activities) of 0~10 cm soil layers, soil bacterial diversity, and community structure across the 2.1 km belt (consisting of six altitude ranges). Our results showed that soil pH was highest at the altitude range below 900 m and decreased with altitude thereafter. Soil enzyme activities showed an overall decreasing trend with altitude rising. The soil sucrase and catalase activity was highest (48.35 mg.g−1.d−1 and 23.75 µmol.g−1, respectively) at altitudes below 900 m; the soil urease activity was highest (704.24 µg.g−1.d−1) at 900~1200 m; and the soil acid phosphatase activity was highest (57.18 µmol.g−1) at 1200~1500 m. In addition, the soil bacterial community diversity showed a linear increasing trend, with the maximum abundance at 1500~1800 m. Soil pH was correlated with enzyme activity and bacterial community composition and structure, and the correlation was the strongest between pH and the distribution of bacterial diversity at altitudes below 900 m. Overall, soil enzyme activities and soil bacterial diversity showed spatial heterogeneity along the altitude gradient, and their community structure and composition were affected by altitude as a result of changes in soil physicochemical factors. This study provides a better and deeper understanding of the spatial succession of soil in the Fanjingshan area and the distribution pattern of soil microorganisms in central subtropical mountain ecosystems.
Solutions of glm|n XXX Bethe ansatz equation and rational difference operators

We study solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations of the non-homogeneous periodic XXX model associated to super Yangian . To a solution we associate a rational difference operator and a superspace of rational functions W. We show that the set of complete factorizations of is in canonical bijection with the variety of superflags in W and that each generic superflag defines a solution of the Bethe ansatz equation. We also give the analogous statements for the quasi-periodic supersymmetric spin chains.
Green's function of the Vector fields on DeSitter Background

In this paper we study the propagator of a vector fields on a euclidean maximally-symmetric background in arbitrary space-time dimensions. We study two cases of interest: Massive and massless vector fields. In each case we computed the propagator of the vector fields on euclidean deSitter background, isolating the transverse and longitudinal part. In both case of massive and massless vector fields, the short distance limit of the full propagator agrees with the flat space-time propagator. In the case of massive propagator, the transverse part has a well defined massless limit, and in this limit it goes to the transverse propagator for the massless fields. The transverse propagator for antipodal point separation is nonzero and negative, but vanishes in the flat space-time limit (Ricci scalar going to zero). The longitudinal part of the massive propagator diverges as $1/m^2$, where $m$ is the mass of the field. The longitudinal part of the massless propagator is gauge dependent and in particular is proportional to the gauge parameter used in the gauge fixing condition. It vanishes in the Landau gauge. Comparison with the past literature is made.
Ruled nodal surfaces of Laplace eigenfunctions and injectivity sets for the spherical mean Radon transform in $\mathbb R^3$

It is proved that if a Paley-Wiener family of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in $\mathbb R^3$ vanishes on a real analytically ruled two-dimensional surface $S \subset \mathbb R^3$ then $S$ is a union of cones, each of which is contained in a translate of the zero set of a nonzero harmonic homogeneous polynomial. If $S$ is an immersed $C^1-$ manifold then $S$ is a Coxeter system of planes. Full description of common nodal sets of the Laplace spectra of convexly supported distributions is given. In equivalent terms, the result describes ruled injectivity sets for the spherical mean transform and confirms, for the case of ruled surfaces in $\mathbb R^3,$ a conjecture of E.T. Quinto and the author .
INDEX CONDITIONS AND CUP-PRODUCT MAPS ON ABELIAN VARIETIES

We study questions surrounding cup-product maps which arise from pairs of non-degenerate line bundles on an abelian variety. Important to our work is Mumford's index theorem which we use to prove that non-degenerate line bundles exhibit positivity analogous to that of ample line bundles. As an application we determine the asymptotic behavior of families of cup-product maps and prove that vector bundles associated to these families are asymptotically globally generated. To illustrate our results we provide several examples. For instance, we construct families of cup-product problems which result in a zero map on a one-dimensional locus. We also prove that the hypothesis of our results can be satisfied, in all possible instances, by a particular class of simple abelian varieties. Finally, we discuss the extent to which Mumford's theta groups are applicable in our more general setting.