Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Difenoconazole and Atrazine and Their Photodegradation Products on Aquatic Biota: Environmental Implications in Countries Lacking Good Agricultural Practices

Agriculture is fundamental for human development, but it may also have a range of unwanted effects on ecosystems when pesticides inadvertently enter the environment. We determined the toxicity of difenoconazole and atrazine, as well as their photodegradation products, on the bioindicators Lemna minor and Daphnia magna. For L. minor, we assessed the number of leaves, biomass, and chlorophyll content exposed to different concentrations of difenoconazole (0–8 mg/L) and atrazine (0–3.84 mg/L). For D. magna, we assessed the mortality to difenoconazole (0–1.6 mg/L) and atrazine (0–80 mg/L). We found that the higher the concentrations of the pesticides, the higher the toxicity for both bioindicators. In L. minor, the highest toxicity for atrazine was 0.96 mg/L, whereas for difenoconazole, it was 8 mg/L. For D. magna, the 48 h LC50 for difenoconazole was 0.97 mg/L, while for atrazine, it was 86.19 mg/L. For L. minor, the toxicity of difenoconazole and atrazine was not different compared to that of their photodegradation products. In contrast, for D. magna, difenoconazole, but not atrazine, was more toxic compared to its respective photodegradation products. Pesticides are a serious threat to aquatic biota, and their photodegradation products remain toxic in the environment. Additionally, the use of bioindicators can help monitor these pollutants in aquatic ecosystems in countries where the application of pesticides is imperative for agricultural production.
Towards the adaptive optimization of field-free molecular alignment

We theoretically report the optimization of field-free molecular alignment by spectral phase shaping of femtosecond laser pulses. Optimal pulse shapes are designed iteratively by an evolutionary algorithm in conjunction with a non-perturbative regime calculation. The investigation is conducted in O2 and N2 under realistic conditions of intensity, temperature and pulse shaping. We demonstrate that specific tailored pulses can provide significant maximization of field-free alignment compared to the Fourier transform limited pulses of the same energy. The underlying control mechanism is discussed. The effect of pulse energy and temperature is analysed leading to the identification of a general criteria for a successful optimization. Finally, the optimal spectral phase learned from the algorithm is rather smooth and can be described by a representation in terms of a sigmoidal function. We show that the use of a low-dimensional parametrization of the phase yields an efficient optimization of the alignment within a highly reduced convergence time.
The Role of Leaders’ Regulatory Focus Towards Creativity and Safety Ambidextrous Behavior. A Conceptual View

Most research has explored ambidexterity at the organisational level and very limited research is available on individual ambidextrous behaviours. This research paper reviews the role of leaders’ regulatory focus in promoting individual ambidexterity in the form of creativity and safety. The main aim is to contribute to ambidexterity and self-regulatory literature by examining the role of leaders’ regulatory focus in managing ambidextrous behaviours. Ambidexterity is the ability to manage conflicting task demands, which poses a fundamental self-regulatory and motivational challenge in the process of pursuing different goals.
Compositional convection in the presence of rotation

The stability of a compositionally buoyant plume, of circular cross-section, rising in a rotating infinite fluid is investigated. Both plume and fluid have the same non-zero kinematic viscosity, ν, and thermal diffusivity, κ. The growth rate of the instability depends on the Taylor number, Ta (which is a dimensionless number measuring the effect of the Coriolis force relative to the viscous force) and on the thickness, s0, of the plume in addition to the Prandtl number, σ(=ν/κ) and the Reynolds number, R (which measures the strength of the forcing). The analysis is restricted to the case of small R. It is found that the presence of rotation enhances instability. A simple model of a single interface separating the two parts of an infinite fluid is investigated first in order to isolate the mechanism responsible for the increase in the growth rate with rotation. It is shown that the Coriolis force interacts with the zonal velocity component to produce a velocity component normal to the interface. For the right choice of wave vector components, this normal velocity component is in phase with the displacement of the interface and this leads to instability. The maximum growth rate is identified in the whole space of the parameters σ, Ta, s0 when R[Lt ]1. While the maximum growth rate is of order R2 in the absence of rotation, it is increased to order R in the presence of rotation. It is also found that the Prandtl number, σ, which has a strong influence on the growth rate in the absence of rotation, plays a subservient role when rotation is present.
The arithmetic structure of tetrahedral groups of hyperbolic isometries

Introduction . Polyhedra in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space which give rise to discrete groups generated by reflections in their faces have been investigated in [14], [17], [29] and in the case of tetrahedra there are precisely nine compact non-congruent ones with dihedral angles integral submultiples of π [14]. These polyhedral groups give rise to hyperbolic 3-orbifolds and examples of these have been studied, for example, in [3], [15], [18], [24], [25].
GC-MS and UHPLC-QTOFMS-assisted identification of the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in key tissues of Pogostemon cablin

Pogostemon cablin is an important aromatic medicinal herb widely used in the pharmaceutical and perfume industries. However, our understanding of the phytochemical compounds and metabolites within P. cablin remains limited. To our knowledge, no integrated studies have hitherto been conducted on the metabolites of the aerial parts of P. cablin. In this study, twenty-three volatile compounds from the aerial parts of P. cablin were identified by GC-MS, predominantly sesquiterpenes. Quantitative analysis showed the highest level of patchouli alcohol in leaves (24.89 mg/g), which was 9.12 and 6.69-fold higher than in stems and flowers. UHPLC-QTOFMS was used to analyze the non-volatile compounds of leaf, stem and flower tissues. The differences in metabolites between flower and leaf tissues were the largest. Based on 112, 77 and 83 differential metabolites between flower-leaf, flower-stem and leaf-stem, three tissue-specific biomarkers of metabolites were identified, and the differential metabolites were enriched in several KEGG pathways. Furthermore, labeling differential metabolites in the primary and secondary metabolic pathways showed that flowers accumulated more lipids and amino acids, including proline, lysine and tryptophan; the leaves accumulated higher levels of terpenoids, vitamins and flavonoids, and stems contained higher levels of carbohydrate compounds. Based on the role of acetyl coenzyme A, the distribution and possible exchange mechanism of metabolites in leaves, stems and flowers of P. cablin were mapped for the first time, laying the groundwork for future research on the metabolites in P. cablin and their regulatory role.
Residues of Legume AG41 Peptide Crucial to Its Bio-Insecticidal Activity

Currently, crop protection relies heavily on chemical treatments, which ultimately leads to environmental contamination and pest resistance. Societal and public policy considerations urge the need for new eco-friendly solutions. In this perspective, biopesticides are effective alternatives to chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Legumes contain numerous insecticidal proteins aimed at protecting their high nitrogen content from animal/insect predation. Investigating one such protein family at genome scale, we discovered a unique diversity of the albumin 1 family in the (model) barrel medic genome. Only some members retained very high insecticidal activity. We uncovered that AG41 peptide from the alfalfa roots displays an outstanding insecticidal activity against several pests such as aphids and weevils. Here we report the 3D structure and activity of AG41 peptide. Significant insights into the structural/functional relationships explained AG41 high insecticidal activity. Such observations pave the way for the development of bio-insecticides, with AG41 peptide as the lead compound.
Moduli Spaces of Polygons and Punctured Riemann Spheres

Abstract The purpose of this note is to give a simple combinatorial construction of the map from the canonically compactified moduli spaces of punctured complex projective lines to the moduli spaces ${{P}_{r}}$ of polygons with fixed side lengths in the Euclidean space ${{\mathbb{E}}^{3}}$ . The advantage of this construction is that one can obtain a complete set of linear relations among the cycles that generate homology of ${{P}_{r}}$ . We also classify moduli spaces of pentagons.
Observed 21st century temperatures further constrain likely rates of future warming

We carry out a detection and attribution analysis of observed near‐surface temperatures to 2010 and demonstrate that the signal of human influence on climate has strengthened over the first decade of the 21st century. As a result, we show that global warming is set to continue, with the second decade of the 21st century predicted to be very likely warmer than the first. Estimates of future warming rates consistent with observations of past climate change are now better constrained than they were a decade ago. The highest rates of warming previously consistent with past warming now appear to be unlikely. © 2012 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Early Tube Feeding after Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG): An Observational Study

This study investigated whether enteral nutrition by early tube feeding led to changes in clinical parameters compared to tube feeding after 24 h. Starting on 1 January 2021, and following the latest update of the ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition, patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) received tube feeding 4 h after tube insertion. An observational study was conducted to analyze whether the new scheme affected patient complaints, complications, or hospitalization duration compared to the previous procedure of tube feeding starting after 24 h. Clinical patient records from one year before and one year after the introduction of the new scheme were examined. A total of 98 patients were included, and of those 47 received tube feeding 24 h after tube insertion, and 51 received tube feeding 4 h after tube insertion. The new scheme did not influence the frequency or severity of patient complaints or complications related to tube feeding (all p-values > 0.05). However, the study showed that the length of stay in hospital was significantly shorter when following the new scheme (p = 0.030). In this observational cohort study an earlier start of tube feeding did not produce any negative consequences but did reduce the duration of hospitalization. Therefore, an early start, as suggested in the recent ESPEN guidelines, is supported and recommended.
Differential Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in an In Vitro Model of Human Leaky Gut

The intestinal barrier is the main contributor to gut homeostasis. Perturbations of the intestinal epithelium or supporting factors can lead to the development of intestinal hyperpermeability, termed “leaky gut”. A leaky gut is characterized by loss of epithelial integrity and reduced function of the gut barrier, and is associated with prolonged use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories. The harmful effect of NSAIDs on intestinal and gastric epithelial integrity is considered an adverse effect that is common to all drugs belonging to this class, and it is strictly dependent on NSAID properties to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase enzymes. However, different factors may affect the specific tolerability profile of different members of the same class. The present study aims to compare the effects of distinct classes of NSAIDs, such as ketoprofen (K), Ibuprofen (IBU), and their corresponding lysine (Lys) and, only for ibuprofen, arginine (Arg) salts, using an in vitro model of leaky gut. The results obtained showed inflammatory-induced oxidative stress responses, and related overloads of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) accompanied by protein oxidation and morphological changes to the intestinal barrier, many of these effects being counteracted by ketoprofen and ketoprofen lysin salt. In addition, this study reports for the first time a specific effect of R-Ketoprofen on the NFkB pathway that sheds new light on previously reported COX-independent effects, and that may account for the observed unexpected protective effect of K on stress-induced damage on the IEB.
Amorphous selenium based detectors for medical imaging applications

We have developed and characterized large volume amorphous (a-) selenium (Se) stabilized alloys for room temperature medical imaging devices and high-energy physics detectors. The synthesis and preparation of well-defined and high quality a-Se (B, As, Cl) alloy materials have been conducted using a specially designed alloying reactor at EIC and installed in an argon atmosphere glove box. The alloy composition has been precisely controlled and optimized to ensure good device performance. The synthesis of large volume boron (B) doped (natural and isotopic 10B) a-Se (As, Cl) alloys has been carried out by thoroughly mixing vacuum distilled and zone-refined (ZR) Se with previously synthesized Se-As master alloys, Se-Cl master alloys and B. The synthesized a-Se (B, As, Cl) alloys have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and detector testing. The a- Se alloys have shown high promise for x-ray detectors with its high dark resistivity (1010-1013 Ωcm), good charge transport properties, and cost-effective large area scalability. Details of various steps about detector fabrication and testing of these imaging devices are also presented.
Role of the valence band density of states in the piezoresistance of p-type semiconductors Si and Ge

It has been shown that unusual hole concentration changes in p -type Si and Ge under stress reported in the earlier work are well accounted for in terms of density of states (DOS) change of each hole due to stress. The DOS of heavy-hole band decreases, while that of light-hole band increases near the band edge region for both tensile and compressive stresses, which impedes the carrier transfer and hence results in extremely small, nearly stress-quadratic hole concentration changes. It has also been demonstrated that, when these DOS changes overwhelm the carrier transfer effect, even the decrease of the low-energy heavy hole concentration takes place at low temperatures.
Multidimensional Flux-Limited Advection Schemes

A general method for building multidimensional shape preserving advection schemes using flux limiters is presented. The method works for advected passive scalars in either compressible or incompressible flow and on arbitrary grids. With a minor modification it can be applied to the equation for fluid density. Schemes using the simplest form of the flux limiter can cause distortion of the advected profile, particularly sideways spreading, depending on the orientation of the flow relative to the grid. This is partly because the simple limiter is too restrictive. However, some straightforward refinements lead to a shape-preserving scheme that gives satisfactory results, with negligible grid-flow angle-dependent distortion
Uniformly invariant normed spaces

In this work, we introduce the concepts of compactly invariant and uniformly invariant. Also we define sometimes C-invariant closed subspaces and then prove every m-dimensional normed space with m > 1 has a nontrivial sometimes C-invariant closed subspace. Sequentially C-invariant closed subspaces are also introduced. Next, An open problem on the connection between compactly invariant and uniformly invariant normed spaces has been posed. Finally, we prove a theorem on the existence of a positive operator on a strict uniformly invariant Hilbert space. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0. 7555 BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 31-33
Pediatric Myeloid Sarcoma, More than Just a Chloroma: A Review of Clinical Presentations, Significance, and Biology

Simple Summary Childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a cancer with poor overall outcomes. Myeloid sarcomas (MS) are extramedullary masses of leukemia cells that can develop in patients with AML. In children, MS occurs more frequently than described in adults. Their clinical significance in both pediatric and adult patients with AML is unclear. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of MS in children and its underlying biology in the hopes of sparking future studies and ultimately improving treatment options for children with AML. Abstract Myeloid sarcomas (MS), commonly referred to as chloromas, are extramedullary tumors of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with varying incidence and influence on outcomes. Pediatric MS has both a higher incidence and unique clinical presentation, cytogenetic profile, and set of risk factors compared to adult patients. Optimal treatment remains undefined, yet allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and epigenetic reprogramming in children are potential therapies. Importantly, the biology of MS development is poorly understood; however, cell-cell interactions, epigenetic dysregulation, cytokine signaling, and angiogenesis all appear to play key roles. This review describes pediatric-specific MS literature and the current state of knowledge about the biological determinants that drive MS development. While the significance of MS remains controversial, the pediatric experience provides an opportunity to investigate mechanisms of disease development to improve patient outcomes. This brings the hope of better understanding MS as a distinct disease entity deserving directed therapeutic approaches.
Reasoning in the presence of uncertainty via graph rewriting

In image analysis, low-level recognition of the primitives plays a very important role. Once the primitives of the image are recognized, depending on the application, many types of analyses can take place. It is unrealistic to assume that a low-level recognition process correctly identifies each primitive in an image. It is more likely that the output of a low-level recognition process is ambiguous in that each primitive is associated with a set of possible interpretations. Often, the ambiguity can be reduced by examining the context and satisfying the constraints associated with the application domain. This process is referred to as constraint satisfaction, labelling or discrete relaxation. Existing methods for such a process generally assume that which primitives constrain one another is known a priori. This thesis develops a graph-rewriting approach which does not make this assumption and applies it to the recognition of music notation; the result is MUBEENA, a graph-rewriting scheme consisting of approximately 180 rules. The graph-rewriting rules are used to express not only binary constraints, but also higher-order notational constraints. The proposed approach offers the flexibility to describe the primitives at different levels of abstraction which is also necessary to further reduce ambiguity.
The Effects of Acute Sleep Curtailment on Salt Taste Measures and Relationships with Energy-Corrected Sodium Intake: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial with Methodology Validation

(1) Background: Sleep may be a factor that influences the taste–dietary intake relationship. The effect of sleep on salt taste measures has not been adequately studied, and no standardized methodology has been developed for measuring salt taste preference. (2) Methods: A sweet taste forced-choice paired-comparison test was adapted and validated to determine salt taste preference. In a randomized cross-over trial, participants slept a curtailed night (33% reduction in sleep duration) and a habitual night, confirmed by a single-channel electroencephalograph. Salt taste tests were conducted the day after each sleep condition using five aqueous NaCl solutions. One 24-h dietary recall was obtained after each taste test. (3) Results: The adapted forced-choice paired-comparison tracking test reliably determined salt taste preference. No changes in salt taste function (intensity slopes: p = 0.844) or hedonic measures (liking slopes: p = 0.074; preferred NaCl concentrations: p = 0.092) were observed after the curtailed sleep condition compared to habitual sleep. However, sleep curtailment disrupted the association between liking slope and energy-corrected Na intake (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The present study serves as the first step toward more standardized taste assessments to facilitate comparison between studies and suggests accounting for sleep when exploring taste–diet relationships.
Design and Fabrication of a Fully-Integrated, Miniaturised Fluidic System for the Analysis of Enzyme Kinetics

The lab-on-a-chip concept, enabled by microfluidic technology, promises the integration of multiple discrete laboratory techniques into a miniaturised system. Research into microfluidics has generally focused on the development of individual elements of the total system (often with relatively limited functionality), without full consideration for integration into a complete fully optimised and miniaturised system. Typically, the operation of many of the reported lab-on-a-chip devices is dependent on the support of a laboratory framework. In this paper, a demonstrator platform for routine laboratory analysis is designed and built, which fully integrates a number of technologies into a single device with multiple domains such as fluidics, electronics, pneumatics, hydraulics, and photonics. This facilitates the delivery of breakthroughs in research, by incorporating all physical requirements into a single device. To highlight this proposed approach, this demonstrator microsystem acts as a fully integrated biochemical assay reaction system. The resulting design determines enzyme kinetics in an automated process and combines reservoirs, three-dimensional fluidic channels, optical sensing, and electronics in a low-cost, low-power and portable package.