Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiative forcings and global warming potentials of 39 greenhouse gases

The radiative forcings and global warming potentials for 39 greenhouse gases are evaluated using narrowband and broadband radiative transfer models. Unlike many previous studies, latitudinal and seasonal variations are considered explicitly, using distributions of major greenhouse gases from a combination of chemical-transport model results and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) measurements and cloud statistics from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. The gases examined include CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, plus a number of chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, bromocarbons, iodocarbons, and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). The model calculations are performed on a 5° latitude grid from 82.5°S to 82.5°N. The radiative forcings determined by the model are then used to derive global warming potential for each of the compounds, which are compared with prior analyses. In addition, the latitudinal and seasonal dependence of radiative forcing since preindustrial time is calculated. The vertical profiles of the gases are found to be important in determining the radiative forcings; the use of height-independent vertical distributions of greenhouse gases, as used in many previous studies, produce errors of several percent in estimated radiative forcings for gases studied here; the errors for the short-lived compounds are relatively higher. Errors in evaluated radiative forcings caused by neglecting both the seasonal and the latitudinal distributions of greenhouse gases and atmospheres are generally smaller than those due to height-independent vertical distributions. Our total radiative forcing due to increase in major greenhouse gas concentrations for the period 1765-1992 is 2.32 Wm -2 , only 2% higher than other recent estimates; however, the differences for individual gases are as large as 23%.
ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROIDS - BETWEEN BEING A USEFUL DRUG AND POSING A RISK FOR FETAL AND ADULT DEVELOPMENT

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 2Delivery Room, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 3Department of Operative Delivery, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 4Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 5 ART Department, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 6Department of Neonatology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 7Departement for COVID 19 in Pregnancy, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics “Narodni Front”. , Belgrade, Serbia
FireSight: Utilizing Deep Learning for Wildfire Prediction And Determining Escape Routes

– Since 2000, seven million acres have burned every year. Yet, since robust analytics are scarce, capitalizing on machine learning algorithms have the capability to bridge gaps in decision making and effective deployment. Despite this, a major limitation in current research is resolution and accuracy. Utilizing public data from NASA’s MODIS, LP DAAC, University of Idaho, and UC Irvine, 12 input features and 18,545 samples, the fire mask at day t+1 is predicted. Compared to existing datasets (FRY, FireAtlas, UCI Forest Fires, US Wildfires Catalog, Globfire and European Forest Fire Information System), this dataset contains the most variables at 1 km. resolution with the most input features. By treating the fire mask as binary and probability maps, regression and classification were performed. Several novel architectures were tested (ResNet, EfficientNet, RegNet and VGG19). A dataset scaling algorithm helped improve resolution by predicting data from existing points. The most optimal models were ResNet and Efficient Net, achieving a binary accuracy of 96.58%, precision of 72.37% and mean absolute error of 0.036. Compared to current studies, this study is around 38% more precise with 0.0142 lower mean absolute error, a significant improvement. Implementation regarding spread was implemented in two ways. With classification data and substituting resulting fire masks for previous ones, the spread of a wildfire could be mapped for various days. Additionally, with population density data and this spread, escape routes were also predicted.
Preferential Trade Agreements – an effective policy tool in climate change governance ? 70 STUDENT PAPER SERIES

This dissertation explores the nexus between environmental provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) and greenhouse gas emissions. It aims to shed some light on the inconclusive debate of issue linkage in PTAs as a policy instrument in climate change. Using a mixed-method approach, the study examines (1) whether environmental provisions in PTAs lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of trading partners, and (2) how the design and legal nature of climate provisions influence their effectiveness. The empirical analysis is conducted using data for 184 countries over a time frame from 1990-2019. A case study on the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement explores the mechanisms through which PTAs take effect. The study finds that countries which include numerous environmental provisions in PTAs will tend to reduce per capita GHG emissions compared to those without environmental provisions. Provisions explicitly targeted at climate change appear especially effective. The study adds new findings to the yet small body of literature by identifying long-term effects on trading partners' emissions. It finds PTAs to be an effective tool in climate governance due to their enforceability. They can take effect through changes in domestic law and through fostering civil society activity.
A high-resolution HLA reference panel capturing global population diversity enables multi-ethnic fine-mapping in HIV host response

Defining causal variation by fine-mapping can be more effective in multi-ethnic genetic studies, particularly in regions such as the MHC with highly population-specific structure. To enable such studies, we constructed a large (N=21,546) high resolution HLA reference panel spanning five global populations based on whole-genome sequencing data. Expectedly, we observed unique long-range HLA haplotypes within each population group. Despite this, we demonstrated consistently accurate imputation at G-group resolution (94.2%, 93.7%, 97.8% and 93.7% in Admixed African (AA), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR) and Latino (LAT)). We jointly analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HIV-1 viral load from EUR, AA and LAT populations. Our analysis pinpointed the MHC association to three amino acid positions (97, 67 and 156) marking three consecutive pockets (C, B and D) within the HLA-B peptide binding groove, explaining 12.9% of trait variance, and obviating effects of previously reported associations from population-specific HIV studies.
A fizikai aktivitás hatása a nem alkoholos eredetű zsírmájra Effects of physical activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(6): 203–207. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease worldwide. The patomechanism is unknown, but unhealthy diet, high caloric and carbohydrate intake, physical inactivity play important role in the pathomechanism. Lifestyle modification, physical activity are regarded as a foundation for the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Several tests have proved the beneficial effect of regular exercising on the histological differences of the liver tissue. Exercising also improves the sensitivity against insulin, increases lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism, at the same time the chance for steatosis and fibrosis decreases. Moreover, as a result of regular exercising the visceral fat tissue also decreases, which plays an important role in the inflammatory process and fibrogenesis of the liver. The alteration of the gut bacteria composition might also contribute to the positive changes in the liver. The lifestyle of everyday people nowadays, however, does not favour physical activity. Most people cannot or do not want to accept these facts. First and foremost, patients must be persuaded of the necessity of the change in their habits. Adequate physical activity in itself makes it possible that even without a diet liver disease can be prevented.
Amanualidade em Álvaro Viera Pinto: desenvolvimento situado de técnicas, conhecimentos e pessoas

This paper discusses the development of people, knowledge and techniques by the notion of handiness of Alvaro Vieira Pinto. Handiness is a concept of relationship between consciousness and reality, which understands the existing human being as a being that produces himself ontologically with objects that are “ready-to-hand. ” People produce themselves by work and by producing for themselves the materiality of their worlds, they gradually develop more sophisticated relationships. Handiness is a socio-historical framing, always situated in dialectical process of (re)elaboration from the desires of each society, towards their realities. The zero degree emphasizes this point, not defining individuals by the absence, but by the diversity of knowledge and practices that they have. We indicate this concept to the problematization of fundamentals in Technology and Education, to a horizontal understanding of the techniques, which includes the non-contemporaneity of knowledge and skills among different social groups. Keywords: handiness, technology, education.
Development of Integrated QFD/MCDM Framework for Optimal Selection of Gasifier Reactor for Crop Residue Gasification in Ghana*

A comprehensive methodological approach taken into account concerns of end users, optimal technical engineering parameters is proposed in this study to select optimal gasifier reactor type for the gasification of crop residues in Ghana. Eleven technical/economic user requirements based on the existing challenges of the gasification system in Ghana were identified. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of importance of each user requirement. Thirteen gasifiers operating and design engineering parameters were identified. A Quality Function Deployment (QFD)/Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques (MCDM) methodological approach for the optimal selection of gasifier reactor using the user requirement, engineering parameters and seven gasifier reactor types was developed. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank the various gasifier types based on the thirteen technical parameters and corresponding weights as determined from the QFD. Low tar content, use of multiple feedstocks and high syngas quality with relative weights of importance of 0.28, 0.14 and 0.13 respectively were identified to be the three most important user requirement in the selection of optimal gasifier for crop residue gasification in Ghana. Similarly, based on the outcome of the QFD framework, feedstock moisture content, gasifier operating temperature and feedstock particle size were identified to be the three most important gasifier engineering parameters. The results of the study revealed that, stratified downdraft gasifier reactor is the optimal gasifier type with the required engineering characteristics for crop residue gasification in Ghana.
University of Birmingham The multicolour size-Ramsey number of powers of paths

Given a positive integer s , a graph G is s -Ramsey for a graph H , denoted G Ñ p H q s , if every s -colouring of the edges of G contains a monochromatic copy of H . The s -colour size-Ramsey number ˆ r s p H q of a graph H is deﬁned to be ˆ r s p H q “ min t| E p G q| : G Ñ p H q s u . We prove that, for all positive integers k and s , we have ˆ r s p P kn q “ O p n q , where P kn is the k th power of the n -vertex path P n .
Optimality in Mean Estimation: Beyond Worst-Case, Beyond Sub-Gaussian, and Beyond 1+α Moments

There is growing interest in improving our algorithmic understanding of fundamental statistical problems such as mean estimation, driven by the goal of understanding the limits of what we can extract from valuable data. The state of the art results for mean estimation in $\mathbb{R}$ are 1) the optimal sub-Gaussian mean estimator by [LV22], with the tight sub-Gaussian constant for all distributions with finite but unknown variance, and 2) the analysis of the median-of-means algorithm by [BCL13] and a lower bound by [DLLO16], characterizing the big-O optimal errors for distributions for which only a $1+\alpha$ moment exists for $\alpha \in (0,1)$. Both results, however, are optimal only in the worst case. We initiate the fine-grained study of the mean estimation problem: Can algorithms leverage useful features of the input distribution to beat the sub-Gaussian rate, without explicit knowledge of such features? We resolve this question with an unexpectedly nuanced answer:"Yes in limited regimes, but in general no". For any distribution $p$ with a finite mean, we construct a distribution $q$ whose mean is well-separated from $p$'s, yet $p$ and $q$ are not distinguishable with high probability, and $q$ further preserves $p$'s moments up to constants. The main consequence is that no reasonable estimator can asymptotically achieve better than the sub-Gaussian error rate for any distribution, matching the worst-case result of [LV22]. More generally, we introduce a new definitional framework to analyze the fine-grained optimality of algorithms, which we call"neighborhood optimality", interpolating between the unattainably strong"instance optimality"and the trivially weak"admissibility"definitions. Applying the new framework, we show that median-of-means is neighborhood optimal, up to constant factors. It is open to find a neighborhood-optimal estimator without constant factor slackness.
No-net-rotation model of current plate velocities incorporating plate motion model NUVEL-1

We present NNR-NUVEL1, a model of plate velocities relative to the unique reference frame defined by requiring no-net-rotation of the lithosphere while constraining relative plate velocities to equal those in global plate motion model NUVEL-1 [DeMets et al., 1990]. Differences between NNR-NUVEL1 and no-net-rotation plate motion model AM0-2 [Minster and Jordan, 1978] are as large as 15 mm/yr. In NNR-NUVEL1, the Pacific plate rotates in a right-handed sense relative to the no-net-rotation reference frame at 0.67°/m.y. about 63°S, 107°E. This rotation nearly parallels, but is 32% slower than, the Pacific-hotspot Euler vector of HS2-NUVEL1, which is a global model of plate-hotspot velocities constrained to consistency with NUVEL-1 [Gripp and Gordon, 1990]. At Hawaii the Pacific plate moves relative to the no-net-rotation reference frame at 70 mm/yr, which is 25 mm/yr slower than the Pacific plate moves relative to the hotspots. Differences between NNR-NUVEL1 and HS2-NUVEL1 are described completely by a right-handed rotation of 0.33°/m.y. about 49°S, 65°E. The 99% confidence ellipsoids for plate-hotspot motion in model HS2-NUVEL1 exclude the corresponding Euler vectors from model NNR-NUVELl. Thus the no-net-rotation reference frame differs significantly from the hotspot reference frame. If the difference between reference frames is caused by motion of the hotspots relative to a mean mantle reference frame, then hotspots beneath the Pacific plate move with coherent motion towards the east-southeast. Alternatively, the difference between reference frames may show that the uniform drag, no-net-torque reference frame, which is kinematically equivalent to the no-net-rotation reference frame, is based on a dynamically incorrect premise. Possible exceptions to the assumption of uniform drag include a net torque on the lithosphere due to attached subducting slabs and greater resistance to plate motion beneath continents than beneath oceans.
The average ionospheric electrodynamics for the different substorm phases

The average patterns of the electrostatic potential, current vectors, and Joule heating in the polar ionosphere, as well as the associated field-aligned currents, are determined for a quiet time, the growth phase, the expansion phase, the peak epoch, and the recovery phase of substorms. For this purpose, the Kamide-Richmond-Matsushita magnetogram-inversion algorithm is applied to a data set (for March 17, 18, and 19, 1978) from the six meridian magnetometer chains (the total number of magnetometer stations being 71) which were operated during the period of the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS). This is the first attempt at obtaining, on the basis of individual substorms, the average pattern of substorm quantities in the polar ionosphere for the different epochs. The main results are as follows : (1) The substorm-time current patterns over the entire polar region consist of two components. The first one is related to the two-cell convection pattern, and the second one is the westward electrojet in the dark sector which is related to the wedge current. (2) Time variations of the two components for the four substorm epochs are shown to be considerably different. (3) The dependence of these differences on the ionospheric electric field and the conductivities (Hall and Pedersen) is identified. (4) It is shown that the large-scale two-cell pattern in the electric potential is dominant during the growth phase of substorms. (5) The expansion phase is characterized by the appearance of a strong westward electrojet, which is added to the two-cell pattern. (6) The large-scale potential pattern becomes complicated during the recovery phase of substorms, but the two-cell pattern appears to be relatively dominant again during their late recovery as the wedge current subsides. These and many other earlier results are consistent with the present ones, which are more quantitatively and comprehensively demonstrated in our global study. Thus the two components are tentatively identified as the directly driven and the unloading components, respectively, although there is some indication that both components are actually coupled in the ionosphere. In the present paper we show that the directly driven component is present throughout the lifetime of substorms, becoming a dominant feature during the recovery phase of substorms as the unloading component wanes. The fact that the two components exist and that their time variations are different indicates that different processes are in progress even for the same value, say, −500 nT, of AL and that we must be cautious in using a single electrojet index, such as AL, in ordering satellite data.
YO-REALIDAD INICIAL: CONCEPTOS E INVESTIGACIONES SISTEMATICAS

Resumen En esta oportunidad me propongo utilizar las investigaciones clinicas sistematicas con el Algoritmo David Liberman (ADL) para aportar al estudio de un concepto, el de yo-realidad inicial, el primer tipo de organizacion yoica en el curso del desarrollo, que mantiene luego su forma de operar, y al cual pueden darse regresiones en determina das patologias caracterizadas por la alteracion organica. Este yo-realidad inicial esta estrechamente ligado con el cuerpo como conjunto de pulsiones y como organizacion neuronal. En la primera parte del trabajo se exponen algunos conceptos ligados con este yo y en la segunda se examinan algunas investigaciones clinicas que iluminan mas claramente algunos rasgos de dicho yo. Por fin, en las conclusiones se discuten los nuevos aportes obtenidos gracias a las investigaciones clinicas sistematicas. Palabras clave: investigacion conceptual, investigacion clinica, estructura del yo, fuente pulsional . Summary In this opportunity I propose to use the systematic clinical researches with the David Liberman Algorithm (DLA) to contribute to the study of a concept, the original realityEgo, the first type of Ego organization in the course of the development. Thereafter, it maintains its way of operate, and there can occur regressions to it in specific pathologies characterized by the organic alteration. This original reality-ego is closely link with the body as a whole of libidinal drives and as a neuronal organization. In the first part of the research I will expose some concepts linked with this ego and in the second one some clinical researches are examined that clarify some traits of this ego. Finally, in the conclusions the new contributions obtained thanks to the systematic clinical researches are discussed.
Indoor Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Health

Volume 1 • Issue 2 • 1000e107 J Pollut Eff Cont ISSN: JPE, an open access journal Air pollution significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1-3]. During several past years, attention was drawn to Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) and its possible role as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. National Human Activity Pattern Survey (sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency) demonstrated that people spend most of their time indoors (up to 87%) [4]. While indoors, they are exposed to indoor air pollutants generated by cooking, combustion of biomass fuel (BMF, wood, charcoal, etc), use of electrical appliances, fireplaces, smoking and by ozone-associated chemical reactions involving household elements (e.g. linoleum, paint, adhesives, particle filters, ventilation ducts etc.) [5]. A significant source of Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) is smoking. Importantly, both mainstream and exhaled cigarette smoke generates fine particles (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) [6]. Study of air quality in 66 US casinos revealed that in the smoking casinos means PM2.5 concentration was 53.8 μg/m3 vs. 4.3 μg/m3 outside those casinos [7].
Validación y fiabilidad del dispositivo Haefni Health System 1.0 en la medición de la velocidad en el rango isocinético

Cuando se realizan valoraciones de cualquier protocolo de evaluacionuno de los aspectos fundamentales es conocer la validez y fiabilidadde los dispositivos utilizados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar lavalidez y fiabilidad de la variable de velocidad en el rango isocinetico (VRI)en el dispositivo Haefni Health (HHe 1.0). Un total de dos protocolo se disenaronpara el analisis de la validez y fiabilidad. Los resultados mostraronaltos Indices de Correlacion Intraclase (ICC2,1) para las medidas de validezy fiabilidad del dispositivo (0,998 y 0,99, respectivamente). Cuando se analizola fiabilidad de las medidas por cada una de las condiciones de evaluacionaltos ICC2,1, ademas de bajos CV y SEM fueron encontraros (rango0,71–0,99, rango 0,19–3,73 y rango 0,001–0,004 m·s-1, respectivamente). Los resultados obtenidos avalan la validez y fiabilidad del dispositivo HaefniHealth HHe1.0 para la medicion de la variable de VRI tanto para la faseconcentrica como para la fase excentrica del movimiento.
The Etruscans in 3D: From Space to Underground

eomatics and Geoinformatics deal with spatial and geographic information, 3D surveying and modeling as well as information science infrastructures. Geomatics and Geoinformatics are thus involved in cartography, mapping, photogrammetry, remote sensing, laser scanning, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), geo-visualisation, geospatial data analysis and Cultural Heritage documentation. In particular the Cultural Heritage field can largely benefit from different Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tools to make digital heritage information more informative for documentation and conservation issues, archaeological analyses or virtual museums. This work presents the 3D surveying and modeling of different Etruscan heritage sites with their underground frescoed tombs dating back to VII-IV century B.C. The recorded and processed 3D data are used, beside digital conservation, preservation, transmission to future generations and studies purposes, to create digital contents for virtual visits, museum exhibitions, better access and communication of the heritage information, etc.