Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection of Construction Workers’ Helmet Wear Based on Lightweight Deep Learning

To reduce the risk of head trauma to workers working in high-risk workplaces such as construction sites, we designed a new automated lightweight end-to-end convolutional neural network to identify whether all people on a construction site are wearing helmets. Firstly, we used GhostNet as the backbone feature extraction network to take advantage of its low running cost and make the model lighter overall while ensuring efficient automatic feature extraction. Secondly, we designed a multi-scale segmentation and feature fusion network (MSFFN) in the feature-processing stage to improve the algorithm’s robustness in detecting objects at different scales. In contrast, the design of the feature fusion network can enrich the diversity of helmet features and improve the accuracy of helmet detection when distance changes, viewpoint changes, and occlusion phenomena occur. Thirdly, we proposed an improved version of the attention mechanism, the lightweight residual convolutional attention network version 2 (LRCA-Netv2). The main idea of the improvement is implemented around the spatial dimension by fusing the combined features along with the horizontal and vertical directions and then weighting them separately. Such an operation allows the establishment of dependencies between the more distant features with improved accuracy compared to the original LRCA-Net. Finally, when tested on the dataset, the proposed lightweight helmet-wearing detection network has a mAP and FPS of 93.5% and 42.
Phase Transition in Relativistically Degenerate Quantum Plasmas

In this paper we present the generalized phase separation diagram for quantum plasmas revealing the fundamental mechanism called the spontaneous core collapse (SCC) for a white dwarf star core-density based on the extended Shukla-Eliasson force for relativistically degenerate matter taking into account the most important electron interaction features such as Fermi-Dirac statistical pressure, Coulomb, exchange-correlation and quantum tunneling effects. A critical core mass-density value is reported for white dwarf stars beyond which the SCC mechanism will be inevitable. It is revealed that the SCC critical core-density value is slightly affected by the ion charge state, $Z$ (the core composition). Such fundamental effect which is mainly caused by the electron quantum diffraction effect can progressively lead the white dwarf star with a mass beyond the Chandrasekhar limit through SCC, core fusion and the ultimate supernova stages.
Una heur´ıstica eﬁciente aplicada al algoritmo K-means para el agrupamiento de grandes instancias altamente agrupadas

With the increasing presence of Big Data there arises the need to group large instances. These instances present a number of objects with multidimensional features, which require to be grouped in hundreds or thousands of clusters. This article presents a new improvement to the K-means algorithm, which is oriented to the efﬁcient solution of instances with a large number of clusters and dimensions. This heuristic is called Honeycomb (HC) and it is based on the relationship between the number of dimensions and the number of centroids that form a neighborhood. That is, the heuristic allows the reduction of the number of distance calculations for each object. The heuristic was validated by solving a set of synthetic instances obtaining reductions in execution time of up to 90 % and a quality reduction of less than 1 %, with respect to standard K-means. For real instances of low and high dimensionality, HC obtained a reduction of execution time between 84.74 % and 95.44 % with a quality reduction between 1.07 % and 1.62 %, respectively. The experimental results are encouraging because this heuristic would beneﬁt those domains that require instances with a continuous increase of the number of objects, dimensions and clusters
BROADBAND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE GALACTIC RIDGE X-RAY EMISSION

Detailed spectral analysis of the Galactic X-ray background emission, or the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission (GRXE), is presented. To study the origin of the emission, broadband and high-quality GRXE spectra were produced from 18 pointing observations with Suzaku in the Galactic bulge region, with a total exposure of 1 Ms. The spectra were successfully fitted by a sum of two major spectral components: a spectral model of magnetic accreting white dwarfs with a mass of 0.66+0.09−0.07 M☉ and a softer optically thin thermal emission with a plasma temperature of 1.2–1.5 keV that is attributable to coronal X-ray sources. When combined with previous studies that employed high spatial resolution of the Chandra satellite, the present spectroscopic result gives stronger support to the scenario that the GRXE is essentially an assembly of numerous discrete faint X-ray stars. The detected GRXE flux in the hard X-ray band was used to estimate the number density of the unresolved hard X-ray sources. When integrated over a luminosity range of ∼1030–1034 erg s−1, the result is consistent with a value that was reported previously by directly resolving faint point sources.
Glottal inverse filtering based on articulatory synthesis and deep learning

We propose a new method to estimate the glottal vocal tract excitation from speech signals based on deep learning. To that end, a bidirectional recurrent neural network with long short-term memory units was trained to predict the glottal airﬂow derivative from the speech signal. Since natural reference data for this task is unobtainable at the required scale, we used the articulatory speech synthesizer VocalTractLab to generate a large dataset containing synchronous connected speech and glottal airﬂow signals for training. The trained model’s performance was objectively evaluated by means of stationary synthetic signals from the OPENGLOT glottal inverse ﬁltering benchmark dataset and by using our dataset of connected synthetic speech. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed model produced a more accurate estimation using OPENGLOT’s physically synthesized signals but was less accurate for its computationally simulated signals. However, our model was much more accurate and plausible on the connected speech signals, especially for sounds with mixed excitation (e.g. fricatives) or sounds with pronounced zeros in their transfer function (e.g. nasals). Future work will introduce more variety into the training data (e.g. regarding pitch and phonation) and focus on estimating features of the glottal ﬂow instead of the entire waveform.
HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE IN MULTIPLE PROGENITORS

Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are granting new insight into the as-yet-uncertain mechanism that drives successful explosions. While there is still debate about whether explosions are obtained more easily in 3D than in 2D, it is undeniable that there exist qualitative and quantitative differences between the results of 3D and 2D simulations. We present an extensive set of high-resolution 1D, 2D, and 3D CCSN simulations with multispecies neutrino leakage carried out in two different progenitors. Our simulations confirm the results of Couch indicating that 2D explodes more readily than 3D. We argue that this is due to the inadequacies of 2D to accurately capture important aspects of the 3D dynamics. We find that without artificially enhancing the neutrino heating rate, we do not obtain explosions in 3D. We examine the development of neutrino-driven convection and the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) and find that, in separate regimes, either instability can dominate. We find evidence for growth of the SASI for both 15 M☉ and 27 M☉ progenitors; however, it is weaker in 3D exploding models. The growth rate of both instabilities is artificially enhanced along the symmetry axis in 2D as compared with our axis-free 3D Cartesian simulations. Our work highlights the growing consensus that CCSNe must be studied in 3D if we hope to solve the mystery of how the explosions are powered.
A Systematic Review of Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background The misuse of antibiotics contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Higher treatment costs, longer hospital stays, and clinical failure can all result from AMR. According to projections, Africa and Asia will bear the heaviest burden of AMR-related mortalities in the coming years. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are therefore critical in mitigating the effects of AMR. Pharmacists may play an important role in such programmes, as seen in Europe and North America, but the impact, challenges, and opportunities of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in Sub-Saharan African hospitals are unknown. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the impact, challenges, and opportunities of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in Sub-Saharan African hospitals. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines were used to search for peer-reviewed pharmacist-led studies based in hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa that were published in English between January 2015 and January 2021. The PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases were used. Results Education and training, audits and feedback, protocol development, and ward rounds were identified as primary components of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The pharmacist-led antimicrobial interventions improved adherence to guidelines and reduced inappropriate prescribing, but were hampered by a lack of laboratory and technological support, limited stewardship time, poor documentation, and a lack of guidelines and policies. Funding, mentorship, guidelines, accountability, continuous monitoring, feedback, multidisciplinary engagements, and collaborations were identified as critical in the implementation of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Conclusions These findings suggest that pharmacists in Sub-Saharan African hospitals can successfully lead antimicrobial stewardship programmes but their implementation is limited by lack of mentorship, accountability, continuous monitoring, feedback, collaborations, and poor funding.
Lattice simulations with $N_f=2+1$ improved Wilson fermions at a fixed strange quark mass

The explicit breaking of chiral symmetry of the Wilson fermion action results in additive quark mass renormalization. Moreover, flavour singlet and non-singlet scalar currents acquire different renormalization constants with respect to continuum regularization schemes. This complicates keeping the renormalized strange quark mass fixed when varying the light quark mass in simulations with $N_f=2+1$ sea quark flavours. Here we present and validate our strategy within the CLS (Coordinated Lattice Simulations) effort to achieve this in simulations with non-perturbatively order-$a$ improved Wilson fermions. We also determine various combinations of renormalization constants and improvement coefficients.
Productivity and Wellness Can be scored on a Scale Based on Biases and Relevance

The research conducted in this article was used to prove that it’s possible to score productivity and wellness on a scale based on biases and relevance to individual subjects. Previous research conducted to prove that workplace stress can affect productivity and wellness was used to establish profiles under which working professionals could be assessed for success/failure criteria based on profile-specific activities and their outcomes. In this research article, we show that by assessing specific activities based on formulae derived from success/failure criteria for such activities, it is possible to identify an associated score ranging from 1 to 10, 1 being the worst outcome possible, and 10 being the most successful. It is further shown that scores can be tailored to individuals, groups, and organizations under profiles by using a numeric system that captures bias and relevance of a particular activity to the assessed subject, thereby increasing its utility and applicability as a measure of productivity and wellness.
Interference between the modes of an all-dielectric meta-atom

The modes of silicon meta-atoms are investigated, motivated by their use as building blocks of Huygens' metasurfaces. A model based on these modes is presented, giving a clear physical explanation of all features in the extinction spectrum. Counter-intuitively, this can show negative contributions to extinction, which are shown to arise from the interference between non-orthogonal modes. The direct and interference contributions to extinction are determined, showing that conservation of energy is preserved. The Huygens' condition of matched electric and magnetic dipole moments leads to strong forward scattering and suppressed back scattering. It is shown that higher order modes with appropriate symmetry generalise this condition, leading to multiple bands of directional scattering. The presented results are obtained using a robust approach to find the modes of nano-photonic scatterers, commonly referred to as quasi-normal modes. By utilising an integral formulation of Maxwell's equations, this work avoids the problem of normalising diverging far-fields, which other approaches require. The model and presented results are implemented in open-source code.
India’s efforts to achieve 1.5 billion COVID-19 vaccinations: a narrative review

The initial case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India was reported on January 30, 2020, and subsequently, the number of COVID-19-infected patients surged during the first wave of April 2020 and the second wave in the same month of 2021. The government of India imposed a strict nationwide lockdown in April 2020 and extended it until May 2020. The second wave of COVID-19 in India overwhelmed the country’s health facilities and exhausted its medical and paramedical workforce. This narrative review was conducted with the aim of summarizing the evidence drawn from policy documents of governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as capturing India's COVID-19 vaccination efforts. The findings from this review cover the Indian government's vaccination initiatives, which ranged from steps taken to combat vaccine hesitancy to vaccination roadmaps, deployment plans, the use of digital health technology, vaccination monitoring, adverse effects, and innovative strategies such as Har Ghar Dastak and Jan Bhagidari Andolan (people’s participation). These efforts collectively culminated in the successful administration of more than 1.8 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines in India. This review also provides insights into other countries’ responses to COVID-19 and guidance for future pandemics.
Different dosing regimens of Tenecteplase in acute ischemic stroke: A network meta-analysis of the clinical evidence

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke remains the major cause of death and disability and conclusive evidence of Tenecteplase in treating stroke is lacking. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis to determine whether Tenecteplase produces better outcomes than Alteplase and a network meta-analysis comparing the different dosing regimens of Tenecteplase. Methods: Searches were made in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The outcome measures are recanalization, early neurological improvement, functional outcomes at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0–1 and 0–2), intracranial hemorrhage, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality within 90 days from treatment. Results: Fourteen studies are included in the meta-analyses and 18 studies in the network meta-analyses. In the meta-analysis, Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg has significant results in early neurological improvement (OR = 2.35, and 95% CI = 1.16–4.72) and excellent functional outcome (OR = 1.20, and 95% CI = 1.02–1.42). In the network meta-analysis, Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg produces significant results in early neurological improvement (OR = 1.52 [95% CI = 1.13–2.05], p-value = 0.01), functional outcomes (mRS 0–1 and 0–2) (OR = 1.19 [95% CI = 1.03–1.37], p-value = 0.02; OR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.05–1.39], p-value = 0.01; respectively) and mortality (OR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.64–0.96], p-value = 0.02) whereas Tenecteplase 0.40 mg/kg increases the chances of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 2.35 [95% CI = 1.19–4.64], p-value = 0.01). Conclusion: While not conclusive, our study lends evidence to 0.25 mg/kg Tenecteplase dose for ischemic stroke treatment. Further randomized trials need to be done to validate this finding. Registration: International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) – CRD42022339774 URL: https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=339774
An ensemble deep autoencoders based on asymmetric structure for operational reliability assessment of bearings

At present, with the rapid growth of manufacturing and big data, reliability technology has gradually become a topical issue in the industrial field. Aiming at the operation reliability assessment of rolling bearings, this paper proposes a bearings operational reliability assessment using an ensemble deep autoencoder based on asymmetric structure. In this method, an ensemble deep autoencoder is used to adaptively learn degradation features from condition monitoring data, where the ensemble deep autoencoder adopts an asymmetric structure with different activation functions in the encoder and decoder. Then, the learned features are classified by correlation analysis, and the typical features in each category are selected. Finally, the operation reliability of rolling bearings is evaluated through the definition of reliability based on Mahalanobis distance. Through the example evaluation of rolling bearing operation reliability and comparison with other feature extraction methods, it can be concluded that this method has stronger feature extraction ability and can effectively show the trend of bearing degradation.
Monoclinic morphotropic phase and grain size-induced polarization rotation in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3

A detailed Rietveld analysis of x-ray data, collected at room temperature, was done on ceramics with controlled grain size between 100nm and 4μm for (PbMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3)0.80–(PbTiO3)0.20 (PMN-PT20), i.e., a compound at the border of the so-called morphotropic phase boundary. With size reduction the polarization rotates within the monoclinic plane from MB, i.e., Px=Py>Pz to MA, i.e., Px=Py<Pz, and finally reaches a rhombohedral phase, i.e., Px=Py=Pz, below a critical value of ∼200nm without diminishing the amplitude of the polarization. This study provides an easy way to tailor the direction of polarization of these materials.
Line transfer through clumpy, large-scale outflows: Ly α absorption and haloes around star-forming galaxies

We present constrained radiative transfer calculations of Lyα photons propagating through clumpy, dusty, large scale outflows, and explore whether we can quantitatively explain the Lyα halos that have been observed around Lyman Break Galaxies. We construct phenomenological models of large-scale outflows which consist of cold clumps that are in pressure equilibrium with a constant–velocity hot wind. First we consider models in which the cold clumps are distributed symmetrically around the galaxy, and in which the clumps undergo a continuous acceleration in its ‘circumgalactic’ medium (CGM). We constrain the properties of the cold clumps (radius, velocity, H I column density, & number density) by matching the observed Lyα absorption strength of the CGM in the spectra of background galaxies. We then insert a Lyα source in the center of this clumpy outflow, which consists of 10 5 6 clumps, and compute observable properties of the scattered Lyα photons. In these models, the scattered radiation forms halos that are significantly more concentrated than is observed. In order to simultaneously reproduce the observed Lyα absorption line strengths and the Lyα halos, we require – preferably bipolar – outflows in which the clumps decelerate after their initial acceleration. This deceleration is predicted naturally in ‘momentum–driven’ wind models of clumpy outflows. In models that simultaneously fit the absorption and emission line data, the predicted linear polarization is � 30 40% at a surface brightness contour of S = 10 18 erg s 1 cm 2 arcsec 2 . Our work illustrates clearly that Lyα emission line halos around starforming galaxies provide valuable constraints on the cold gas distribution & kinematics in their circumgalactic medium, and that these constraints complement those obtained from absorption line studies alone.
FERRAMENTA SIMPLIFICADA PARA A ESTIMATIVA DO DESEMPENHO DA ILUMINAÇÃO NATURAL EM EDIFICAÇÕES RESIDENCIAIS

A luz natural é um recurso que traz inúmeros benefícios para a saúde e bem estar das pessoas. Portanto, garantir a suficiência da luz natural nos ambientes internos desde as fases iniciais de projeto é importante, sendo favorável o uso de métodos simplificados em detrimento de simulações complexas. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma ferramenta simplificada para a avaliação do desempenho de ambientes residenciais quanto à suficiência de iluminação natural, por meio de ábacos. O método foi estruturado em três etapas: i. proposta conceitual do ábaco; ii. a base de dados gerada por simulação computacional, utilizando o plugin DIVA para Grasshopper; iii. análise dos resultados e consolidação do ábaco. Como resultados foram apresentadas as análises do desempenho de iluminação natural de acordo com a base de dados, o ábaco consolidado e um estudo de caso. Conclui-se que o ábaco consiste em uma ferramenta de avaliação expedita aplicável a grande parte dos ambientes residenciais encontrado no estoque construído nacional. Como principal limitação, o ábaco deve ser individualizado para diferentes tipos de vidro e características locais.
THE KEY ROLE OF SOLAR DYNAMICS IN THE CHROMOSPHERIC HANLE POLARIZATION

The quantum theory of polarized light allows one to model scattering in the solar atmosphere for inferring its properties. This powerful approach has revealed two key long-standing problems in solar physics: the puzzling dilemmas between theory and observations in several anomalously polarized spectral lines and the need for inferring the ubiquitous weak chromospheric magnetic fields, which requires discriminating the Hanle effect in dynamic optically thick plasmas. However, the ever-present dynamics, i.e., the temporal evolution of heatings and macroscopic motions, has been widely disregarded when modeling and interpreting the scattering polarization. This has hindered a consistent theoretical solution to the puzzle while falsifying the Hanle diagnosis. Here, we show that the dynamical evolution is a keystone for solving both problems because its systematic impact allows an explanation of the observations from “anomalous” instantaneous polarization signals. Evolution accounted for, we reproduce amplitudes and (spectral and spatial) shapes of the Ca i 4227 Å polarization at solar disk center, identifying a restrictive arrangement of magnetic fields, kinematics, heatings, and spatio-temporal resolution. We find that the joint action of dynamics, Hanle effect, and low temporal resolutions mimics Zeeman linear polarization profiles, the true weak-field Zeeman signals being negligible. Our results allow reinterpretation of many polarization signals of the solar spectra and support time-dependent scattering polarization as a powerful tool for deciphering the spatio-temporal distribution of chromospheric heatings and fields. This approach may be a key aid in developing the Hanle diagnosis for the solar atmosphere.