Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced growth and lipid productivity by living Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in Ca-alginate beads

The bottleneck for the production of biofuels from microalgae consists on costly harvesting processes and low lipid production, immobilization technology could play a part on making the production of biofuels more feasible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alginate immobilization on the growth and lipid productivity of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, so far, the main focus of immobilization technology has been its use for wastewater treatment and nutrient removal from effluents. The microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana was cultured in both free and immobilized forms under optimal autotrophic growth conditions. Microalgae were immobilized in calcium alginate beads generated by mixing algal cells with a sodium alginate solution, followed by extrusion into a CaCl2 solution. The results obtained in this study showed that the growth of the microalgae immobilized in alginate beads, was enhanced and achieved a dry cell weight 1.4-fold higher than that of a free cell culture, a higher light transmittance was also achieved in the alginate immobilized culture, and the lipid productivity was increased from 54.21 ± 2.48 mg l−1 d in the free cell culture to 82.22 ± 8.48 mg l−1 d in the immobilized culture. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of immobilization technology for promoting growth and lipid productivity in the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana.
Point Singularities in Micromagnetism

Solutions of the micromagnetic equations for the equilibrium distribution of magnetization may have singular points, at which no spontaneous magnetization exists, because the limit of the magnetization vector for an approach to this point on different rays has different values. The boundary conditions at these points are considered. The exchange‐energy density goes to infinity at such a point, but the condition that its integral should be a minimum leads to no definite boundary condition. For a special class of such singularities, namely those at which every direction of the magnetization is accepted once on a small sphere around it, the conditions for a minimum of the field energy are derived.
VERY LONG-RANGE SOURCE LOCALIZATION WITH A SMALL VERTICAL ARRAY

Several processors are developed and used to perform source localization on the 3250-km San Diego–Hawaii path of the Acoustic Engineering Test (AET). Associated simulations are done to test the range-frequency limits of coherent matched-field processing using PE modeling through a simulated internal-wave environment. The AET experiment is presently well beyond the range of effective coherent matched-field processing. A mode filter was developed to extract 60 complex mode amplitudes from the data received on the 20-element vertical line array. A mode space depth estimator successfully localizes the source. A mode arrival time difference range estimator is developed and found to be biased by internal-wave induced mode coupling. The final processor developed utilizes the stability of early arriving wavefronts to determine the source range by matching wavefront arrival patterns.
Membrane Analogy of Buckling and Vibration of Inhomogeneous Plates

Exact explicit eigenvalues are found for compression buckling, hygrothermal buckling, and vibration of sandwich plates with dissimilar facings and functionally graded plates via analogy with membrane vibration. These results apply to simply supported polygonal plates using the first-order shear deformation theory and the classical theory. A Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation, a hydrostatic inplane force, hygrothermal effects, and rotary inertias are incorporated. Bridged by the vibrating membrane, exact correspondence is readily established between any pairs of eigenvalues associated with buckling and vibration of sandwich plates, functionally graded plates, and homogeneous plates. Positive definiteness is proved for the critical buckling hydrostatic pressure and, in the range of either tension loading or compression loading prior to occurrence of buckling, for the natural vibration frequency.
Multiply charged cluster ion crossed-beam apparatus: Multi-ionization of clusters by ion impact

An experimental setup is described, which is used to multi-ionize neutral clusters and to study their stability and the importance of different decay processes. Clusters are ionized in collisions with slow multiply charged ions (projectile charge z ranging from 1 to 30, kinetic energies ranging from 1 to 20 keV/charge). Both ion and cluster beamlines, as well as the characteristics of the analysis and detection systems, are described. Collisions with highly charged ions such as Ar8+ or Xe30+ turn out to be efficient tools in preparing clusters in high charge states without increasing significantly their internal temperature. Measurements performed in coincidence with the number of electrons stabilized by the projectile ion after the collision allowed us to control the charge and the excitation energy of the ionized system. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated for sodium clusters and C60 molecules.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Received Nov 10, 2022 Revised Dec 11, 2022 Accepted Dec 23, 2022 Fish farming is still controlled and managed in the traditional way where water quality and fish feeding are manually controlled. There is a need to use computer and communication technology in fish farms for remote monitoring and control. This paper deals with the design and implementation of an internet of things (IoT) based system for real-time monitoring, control and management of fish farming. The design of such a system is based on measuring different types of variables and using the information to control fish growth and increase productivity. Each fish pond is a node in a wireless sensor network. The node contains an embedded microcontroller connected to a set of sensors and actuators and a wireless communication module. Two fuzzy controllers are designed to control the water quality in the ponds as well as the environment using five sensors in each pond plus three environmental sensors. Practical results indicate the accuracy of the measurement system compared to the results obtained from commercial devices used on the farm. These results also showed that the proposed approach achieves the best performance of the real-time monitoring and control system in fish ponds.
Cone-bounded nonlinearities and mean-square bounds--Quadratic regulation bounds

Deterministic and stochastic control problems are examined for a broad class of nonlinear dynamic systems with quadratic cost criteria. The systems considered are partially observed continuous-time stochastic process, and are incrementally conic in the sense that, when modeled by Ito differential equations, they contain drift coefficients that are jointly linear in state and control to within a uniformly Lipschitz residual. For deterministic problems, upper bounds are derived on the cost incurred by linear state-feedback control laws, and lower bounds are established on the performance attainable by any control law. For stochastic problems, upper bounds are found on the performance of simple, separated estimator-controller designs involving linear feedback of an easily-implemented, suboptimum estimate of the state, while a lower bound is determined on the performance attainable by any causal control law in a broad admissible class. The bounds share similar structural properties and computational requirements with the exact solution to linear regulator problems. The stochastic bounds owe much of their simplicity to the use of the control-law independent bounds on estimation performance derived in earlier companion papers. All the bounds coverge with vanishing nonlinearity (vanishing Lipschitz constants) to the optimum performance for the nominal linear system. Consequently, the bounds are asymptotically tight and the simple designs studied are asymptotically optimal with vanishing nonlinearity.
Characterization of Transient Communication Outages Into States to Enable Autonomous Fault Tolerance in Vehicle Platooning

The benefits of platooning, e.g., fuel efficiency, road throughput enhancement, driver offload, etc., have sparked an interest in a more connected, intelligent, and sustainable transportation ecosystem. However, efficient platooning is realized through wireless communications, characterized by transient connectivity, which is caused by occasional packet losses. Being a safety-critical system of systems, a platoon must be fail-operational even during transient connectivity. Moreover, a platoon should be capable of transitioning into a fail-safe state upon encountering a hazard. To this end, we propose a strategy for classifying the transient communication outages incurred by platooning vehicles into states. Furthermore, a state machine using these states to enable safe automated platooning is proposed that also defines the transitions between the states based on the nature and levels of transient connectivity and hazards. To achieve this, a graceful degradation and upgradation method is proposed, such that the platoon can remain fail-operational by adjusting, e.g., the automated controller and/or the inter-vehicle gaps based on the current communication quality. An emergency braking strategy is also proposed to enable a fast transition into a fail-safe state, should the platoon encounter a hazard. Rigorous simulation studies show that the proposed strategies enable fault-tolerant automated platooning also during transient connectivity.
Hearing health care access for adult cochlear implant candidates and recipients: Travel time and socioeconomic status

Access to cochlear implantation may be negatively influenced by extended travel time to a cochlear implant (CI) center or lower socioeconomic status (SES) for the individual. There is a critical need to understand the influence of these variables on patient appointment attendance for candidacy evaluations, and CI recipients' adherence to post‐activation follow‐up recommendations that support optimal outcomes.
A Generalized Diffusion Equation: Solutions and Anomalous Diffusion

We investigate the solutions of a generalized diffusion-like equation by considering a spatial and time fractional derivative and the presence of non-local terms, which can be related to reaction or adsorption–desorption processes. We use the Green function approach to obtain solutions and evaluate the spreading of the system to show a rich class of behaviors. We also connect the results obtained with the anomalous diffusion processes.
Pathogenic Role of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Obesity and Obesity-Related Inflammatory Diseases

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are adult stem cells, endowed with self-renewal, multipotent capacities, and immunomodulatory properties, as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other origins. However, in a pathological context, ASCs like MSCs can exhibit pro-inflammatory properties and attract inflammatory immune cells at their neighborhood. Subsequently, this creates an inflammatory microenvironment leading to ASCs’ or MSCs’ dysfunctions. One such example is given by obesity where adipogenesis is impaired and insulin resistance is initiated. These opposite properties have led to the classification of MSCs into two categories defined as pro-inflammatory ASC1 or anti-inflammatory ASC2, in which plasticity depends on the micro-environmental stimuli. The aim of this review is to (i) highlight the pathogenic role of ASCs during obesity and obesity-related inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer; and (ii) describe some of the mechanisms leading to ASCs dysfunctions. Thus, the role of soluble factors, adhesion molecules; TLRs, Th17, and Th22 cells; γδ T cells; and immune checkpoint overexpression will be addressed.
On monodromies of holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces and modular transformations

A locally non-trivial holomorphic family of Riemann surfaces over a hyperbolic Riemann surface B determines a homomorphism (monodromy) of the fundamental group of B to the modular group. We give a necessary condition for a homomorphism to be a mondromy of a holomorphic family of Riemann surfaces. And we estimate the number of holomorphic families in terms of topological information for holomorphic families over Riemann surfaces of genus 0.
: Erasure-Coded Multi-Source Streaming for UHD Videos Within Cloud Native 5G Networks<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"/><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif"/></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pu-ieq1-3238356.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>

Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) videos have been getting increasing attention. However, existing video streaming solutions fail to deliver them due to the extremely high bandwidth requirement. The emerging cloud native 5G networks have opened up the possibility of enhancing UHD video quality by leveraging in-network video streaming. Unfortunately, the restricted storage and bandwidth of in-network servers could become the main bottleneck. To this end, we present <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf EMS}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">EMS</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pu-ieq3-3238356.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, a novel UHD video streaming framework, by integrating <underline>E</underline>rasure-coded storage with <underline>M</underline>ulti-source <underline>S</underline>treaming. We respectively introduce a deadline-aware and a latency-sensitive metric to indicate the service quality of video servers and advocate a federated learning paradigm for the adaptive service quality update, including a reinforcement learning based multi-server selection (i.e., user local training) and a global service quality aggregation. To facilitate user local training without sacrificing streaming Quality-of-Experience (QoE), we cast the multi-server selection associated with the restriction on the average number of selected servers per video chunk into two kinds of Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) models in terms of the proposed service quality metrics. We design lightweight Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) based algorithms with a theoretical performance guarantee. We implement a prototype of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf EMS}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">EMS</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pu-ieq4-3238356.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, and extensive experiments confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithms.
An optimal control approach to pilot/vehicle analysis and the Neal-Smith criteria

An optimal control pilot modeling technique is utilized in the conceptual framework of Neal and Smith who in 1970 presented a closed-loop frequency-domain technique for handling qualities analysis of highly augmented aircraft. By performing their analysis in the alternate manner demonstrated here, an attempt is made to bridge the gap between frequency-domain and time-domain approaches to pilot/vehicle analysis, to introduce what might be considered as a more general pilot modeling approach in this particular application, and thereby move towards extending this approach to even more complex vehicles and piloting tasks. Using the same quadratic cost weightings and set of observations for analyzing a variety of higher-order aircraft dynamics, the optimal control approach was successfully employed in the attempt to duplicate the Neal-Smith results. Specifically, it was found that the optimal control analysis resulted in pilot phase compensation for the configurations studied that were very comparable to those of Neal and Smith. In addition, the analysis here more closely reflected the actual inflight situation in that an actual tracking task was modeled. More importantly, the analysis demonstrated that low closed-loop bandwidth obtained from the analysis correlated well with bandwidth-related problems (i.e., large initial response delays) encountered in flight. This fact could be used as an additional criterion that must be met before considering the characteristics of resonance peak and pilot phase compensation.
On Properties of Preinvex Functions

Abstract We consider in this paper the class of preinvex functions introduced by T. Weir and co-workers (1988, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 136 , 29–38; 1988, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 38 , 177–189). Under semi-continuity conditions, a determination of the satisfaction of preinvexity for a function can be achieved via an intermediate-point preinvexity check. A characterization of a preinvex function in terms of its relationship with an intermediate-point preinvexity and prequasi-invexity is provided.
Characterisation of the Paternal Influence on Intergenerational Offspring Cardiac and Brain Lipid Homeostasis in Mice

There is growing evidence that poor paternal diet at the time of conception increase the risk of offspring developing a range of non-communicable metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, in adulthood. We hypothesise that a paternal low protein–high carbohydrate diet perturbs offspring tissue lipid abundance through both sperm and seminal plasma-mediated mechanisms. To test our hypothesis, we fed male C57BL/6 mice either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) for a minimum of 8 weeks. We generated offspring through artificial insemination, in combination with vasectomised male mating. Using this approach, we derived offspring from either NPD or LPD sperm but in the presence of NPD or LPD seminal plasma. Using high resolution mass-spectrometry, we found that offspring derived from either LPD sperm or seminal fluid displayed perturbed cardiac and brain lipid abundance from just three weeks of age, typically associated with the altered abundance of tissue triglycerides. We also observed the differential sex-specific patterns of lipids between the control and experimental offspring’s hearts and brains. These observations indicate that poor paternal diet at the time of conception affects offspring cardiac and brain lipid profiles in an age-, sex- and generation-specific manner.
On the Regularity of Codimension Two Surfaces and Threefolds with Singular Loci

ABSTRACT For projective codimension two surfaces and threefolds whose singular locus is one dimensional, we get the sharp Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity bound in terms of degrees of defining equations and give the classification of nearly extremal cases. This is a generalization of the result of Bertram et al.
Entropy production for quantum dynamical semigroups

In analogy to the phenomenological theory of irreversible thermodynamics we define the entropy production for an arbitrary quantum dynamical semigroup with a stationary state. We prove that the entropy production is convex and positive and that the entropy production is a measure of dissipativity of the semigroup. The entropy production is used to prove the approach to equilibrium and to classify the stationary states of semigroups arising in the weak coupling limit.
Numerical evidence of smooth self-similar dynamics and possibility of subsequent collapse for three-dimensional ideal flows

Direct numerical simulations of the three‐dimensional Euler equations at resolutions up to 2563 for general periodic flows and 8643 for the symmetric Taylor–Green vortex are presented. The spontaneous emergence of flat pancakelike structures that shrink exponentially in time is observed. A simple self‐similar model that fits these observations is discussed. Focusing instabilities similar to those leading to streamwise vortices in the context of free shear layers [J. Fluid Mech. 143, 253 (1984)], are expected to subsequently concentrate the vorticity and produce isolated vortex filaments. A finite time singularity for the Euler equation is not excluded as the result of interactions among these filaments.
Coupling in thermo-mechanical wave propagation in NaF at low temperature

We consider a linearly elastic heat conductor for which the semi-empirical heat transfer model is assumed. Material functions are defined in accordance with measured parameters for NaF at 15 K. At that temperature, first and second sound waves have been observed in experiments. Both waves are reproduced by our coupled thermo-mechanical model
Geometrical Finiteness for Hyperbolic Groups

Abstract In this paper, we give an account of the notion of geometrical finiteness as applied to discrete groups acting on hyperbolic space of any dimension. We prove the equivalence of various definitions of geometrical finiteness, and describe the geometry of fundamental domains. We give a complete account of when Dirichiet domains are finite-sided.
Excellent dielectric properties of polymer composites based on core-shell structured carbon/silica nanohybrid

Polymer based composites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss were fabricated by dispersing core-shell structured carbon/silica nanohybrid (CS) into a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix. Due to the high conductive carbon core, nonconductive silica shell and the good dispersion of the CS fillers in PVDF, the CS/PVDF composites exhibited better dielectric properties than most nano-carbon materials/polymer composites. These experimental results can be understood by the percolation theory and microcapacitor model. Our strategy provides a pathway to achieve nano-carbon materials/polymer composites with good dielectric performances.
A review of recent texture segmentation and feature extraction techniques

Abstract The area of texture segmentation has undergone tremendous growth in recent years. There has been a great deal of activity both in the refinement of previously known approaches and in the development of completely new techniques. Although a wide variety of methodologies have been applied to this problem, there is a particularly strong concentration in the development of feature-based approaches and on the search for appropriate texture features. In this paper, we present a survey of current texture segmentation and feature extraction methods. Our emphasis is on techniques developed since 1980, particularly those with promise for unsupervised applications.
Saliency-Based SAR Target Detection via Convolutional Sparse Feature Enhancement and Bayesian Inference

Traditional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target detection methods use matched filtered SAR images as input, and the detection performance is restricted due to the high sidelobes and speckle noise of these images. Sparse SAR imaging methods developed in recent years provide the advantages of reducing sidelobes, noise, and clutter. The imaging results obtained with these methods could help improve the SAR target detection performance. In this article, to improve the target detection performance using sparse SAR images as input, we proposed a convolutional sparse feature enhancement method to meet the needs of Bayesian saliency detection. The proposed Bayesian saliency joint target detection method comprised the following three steps: first, to obtain sparse SAR images with continuous contours and fewer holes in the target area, we proposed a convolutional L1 sparse regularization method. Second, a regularization parameter optimization method was derived to quickly obtain optimal regularization parameters for saliency detection. Finally, target detection results were obtained through a superpixel-based Bayesian saliency joint detector. Extensive experiments verified that the proposed method could improve the SAR target detection accuracy in complex backgrounds.