Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Bounding the Moment Deﬁcit Rate on Crustal Faults Using Geodetic Data: Application to Southern California

The interseismic moment deﬁcit rate (MDR) constrains the potential for future moment release in earthquakes. Published estimates of the geodetic MDR in Southern California vary by a factor of 3 depending on the type of forward model, method of estimation, and data quality. It is our aim to determine to what degree these discrepancies may be explained by quantifying the uncertainty for a given class of forward models, accounting for data errors and limited model resolution. We apply a new method, the Constrained Optimization Bounding Estimator, to bound the MDR in Southern California using geodetic data and an elastic plate-block model. Total MDR ranges from 1.3 to 2 . 0 × 10 19 N m/yr, equivalent to one M W 8.17–8.31 over 160 years, higher than the observed seismic moment since 1850. This observation, together with published estimates of oﬀ-fault moment rate, could imply that signiﬁcant permanent (inelastic) deformation is taking place in Southern California or that future earthquakes will make up the diﬀerence. Uncertainty in MDR from Constrained Optimization Bounding Estimator using a single model is comparable to the range of published MDR estimates using elastic block models but about a factor of 8 smaller than the range of all published models. Thus, the choice of forward model dominates the uncertainty in MDR for Southern California. While additional data would be helpful for constraining the MDR, as much or more eﬀort is needed to quantify the prediction errors associated with a given model and to develop observations that narrow the possible range of forward models under consideration. the answers, we need to know the buildup of moment deﬁcit (a measure of earthquake potential) over time. There are diﬀerent ways to estimate the moment deﬁcit, but many published estimates do not agree, and it is hard to determine whether the diﬀerences are important or arise due to data limitations. That is where we come in. We developed a method to measure the uncertainty due to limited data and compared that to the diﬀerences between models. We show that there are big diﬀerences between models, but most are consistent with one fact: there is more moment deﬁcit accruing then has been released in the last 160 years. However, we do not know if this means one additional very large earthquake, several moderate-sized events, or strain accommodated through distributed aseismic processes. Improved and more consistent models of the Earth’s crust is an important future step needed to accurately answer this question.
Evolution and Distribution of the Early Aftershocks Following the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China

Using seismic data recorded by a dense temporary seismic array, we apply a waveform matched‐filter technique and obtain an early aftershock catalog around the mainshock rupture zone of the 2008 Wenchuan, Sichuan, China, earthquake. Specifically, we use 1,273 events in a relocated aftershock catalog as templates and scan through the waveforms within 7 days following the mainshock. We obtain up to ∼5.3 and ∼10 times more aftershocks than the standard and relocated catalogs, respectively. We find that early aftershocks mostly occurred below 10 km depth, downdip to large coseismic slip areas. Early aftershocks also show minor along‐strike migration with time since the mainshock, indicating triggering of afterslip following the mainshock. From the epicentral region to Beichuan where the mainshock slip was primarily reverse faulting, early aftershocks illustrated the Yingxiu‐Beichuan and Guanxian‐Jiangyou faults as high‐angle listric feature and rooted to a gentle dipping plane at the depth of ∼20 km. The aftershocks in the northeast segment of the Longmen Shan faults mostly occurred along a near‐vertical dipping fault, consistent with the primary strike‐slip component of mainshock slip in this region. In addition, differences in early and long‐term aftershock distribution indicate significant postseismic deformation along the conjugate Xiaoyudong fault. Our results help to illuminate the deep geometry of the Longmen Shan fault zone and the early evolution after the Wenchuan mainshock, which provides additional constraints to the mechanism of plateau uplifting.
Stereoselective Analysis of the Antiseizure Activity of Fenfluramine and Norfenfluramine in Mice: Is l-Norfenfluramine a Better Follow-Up Compound to Racemic-Fenfluramine?

The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative antiseizure activity of the l-enantiomers of d,l-fenfluramine and d,l-norfenfluramine and to evaluate the relationship between their concentration in plasma and brain and anticonvulsant activity. d,l-Fenfluramine, d,l-norfenfluramine and their individual enantiomers were evaluated in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test. d,l-Fenfluramine, d,l-norfenfluramine and their individual l-enantiomers were also assessed in the DBA/2 mouse audiogenic seizure model. All compounds were administered intraperitoneally. Brain and plasma concentrations of the test compounds in DBA/2 mice were quantified and correlated with anticonvulsant activity. In the MES test, fenfluramine, norfenfluramine and their enantiomers showed comparable anticonvulsant activity, with ED50 values between 5.1 and 14.8 mg/kg. In the audiogenic seizure model, l-norfenfluramine was 9 times more potent than d,l-fenfluramine and 15 times more potent than l-fenfluramine based on ED50 (1.2 vs. 10.2 and 17.7 mg/kg, respectively). Brain concentrations of all compounds were about 20-fold higher than in plasma. Based on brain EC50 values, l-norfenfluramine was 7 times more potent than d,l-fenfluramine and 13 times more potent than l-fenfluramine (1940 vs. 13,200 and 25,400 ng/g, respectively). EC50 values for metabolically formed d,l-norfenfluramine and l-norfenfluramine were similar to brain EC50 values of the same compounds administered as such, suggesting that, in the audiogenic seizure model, the metabolites were responsible for the antiseizure activity of the parent compounds. Because of the evidence linking d-norfenfluramine to d,l-fenfluramine to cardiovascular and metabolic adverse effects, their l-enantiomers could potentially be safer follow-up compounds to d,l-fenfluramine. We found that, in the models tested, the activity of l-fenfluramine and l-norfenfluramine was comparable to that of the corresponding racemates. Based on the results in DBA/2 mice and other considerations, l-norfenfluramine appears to be a particularly attractive candidate for further evaluation as a novel, enantiomerically pure antiseizure medication.
Implementation of Continuous HOSM Controllers in Reaction Wheel Pendulum

This paper presents a performance analysis for the reaction wheel pendulum (RWP) using continuous sliding mode controllers in the proportional integral derivative (PID-like) form. The fourth-order linearized model of the RWP is used for control design to obtain the simulations and the experimental results to verify the theoretical properties of this type of algorithm.
Chapter 2. Observed changes in weather and climate extremes

Observed Changes Upward trends in the frequency of unusually warm nights, extreme precipitation episodes, the frequency of North Atlantic tropical cyclones (hurricanes), the length of the frost-free season, and extreme wave heights along the west coast are notable changes in the North American climate record. • Most of North America is experiencing more unusually hot days. The number of 2136 warm spells has been increasing since 1950. However, the heat waves of the 1930s remain the most severe in the U.S. historical record back to 1895.
Beyond the Norm: Unusual Coexistence of Wilson's Disease and Hypoparathyroidism

Wilson's disease (WD) encompasses diverse clinical symptoms involving the liver, nervous system, and kidneys. The fundamental cause of this condition is the build-up of copper in organs, mainly the hepatic and brain parenchyma. Here, we are reporting the hospital presentation of a male patient in his 20s who had been experiencing severe irritability, abdominal pain, distension, and yellowish discoloration of the skin for the previous 75 days. Upon examination of blood pressure, a refractory carpopedal spasm was found in him. In addition to Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings in his cornea, he exhibited elevated 24-hour urine copper and serum ceruloplasmin (CP). He was diagnosed as a case of WD with a rare association of hypoparathyroidism.
Demonstratives of manner, of quality and of degree

Demonstratives are a typologically well-established, elementary and possibly universal grammatical category. They are a subclass of deictic expressions and, more specifically, of expressions whose reference can only be determined relative to a center of orientation, which may change with each act of utterance. This center of orientation, called ‘origo’ in Bühler’s foundational study of deixis (Bühler, 1934), is typically provided by the coordinates of the speech situation, i.e. the place, time and participants involved in an utterance. Adverbs like English here or there, for example, identify space relative to the location of a speaker and/or an addressee. The use of demonstratives is often accompanied by a gesture, e.g. a pointing finger, a movement of the head, a direction of gaze, etc. In addition to identifying a referent relative to the situation of utterance the basic function of these expressions can be characterized as establishing a joint focus of attention between speaker and addressees (cf. Diessel, 2006). Demonstratives are acquired early and gestures pointing out objects in order to share an experience with others can be found in the communicative behavior of children as young as 18 months.
An initial study to investigate generating hydrocarbon potential of Tertiary Coals from Balikpapan and Pulaubalang Formations in Lower Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Seven representatives of Middle to Late Miocene coal samples from two important different sediments of coal-bearing succession, Balikpapan and Pulaubalang Formations from Embalut Coalfield in Lower Kutai Basin, were subjected to a detailed organic geochemical method for Total Organic Carbon and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The aim of the present research study is to evaluate preserved organic matter for quantity, quality, thermal maturity, and to recognize depositional environment. Organic geochemistry results, reported in this study, were interpreted to indicate organic material for hydrocarbon potential of the coal seams. Even though these results are only an initial study, but they can be used as a significant reference for upcoming research in exploring the future of renewable energy.
Efficiency Analysis of EU Member States in the Context of Population Aging

The population aging might threaten the economic development and efficiency of EU Member States. Based on the demographic projections, the EU’s old-age dependency ratio (as proxies of population aging) will be almost double – from 31% in 2019 to 57% in 2100. This study focuses on the efficiency analysis of European Union Member States in the context of population aging. Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Productivity Index, we evaluated how demographic changes affect the economic efficiency of various EU countries. Our findings reveal that some states, such as the Czech Republic, Germany, and Luxembourg, demonstrate high-efficiency levels when considering demographic factors. The results suggest that technological advancement and innovation are crucial in addressing the challenges associated with population aging.
Schools as smoke-free zones : Implementation and the impact of outdoor school ground smoking bans at secondary schools

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Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks

1 Background This memorandum documents the revisions considered and ultimately implemented in EPA's final 2018 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHGI) to create year-specific emissions factors (EFs) and activity factors (AFs) using GHGRP subpart W data for several sources: • Liquids unloading (Section 2); • Gas well completions and workovers (Section 3); and • Well testing not associated with completions (Section 4).
Application of ethanol alleviates heat damage to leaf growth and yield in tomato

Chemical priming has emerged as a promising area in agricultural research. Our previous studies have demonstrated that pretreatment with a low concentration of ethanol enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and cassava. Here, we show that ethanol treatment induces heat stress tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) plants. Seedlings of the tomato cultivar ‘Micro-Tom’ were pretreated with ethanol solution and then subjected to heat stress. The survival rates of the ethanol-pretreated plants were significantly higher than those of the water-treated control plants. Similarly, the fruit numbers of the ethanol-pretreated plants were greater than those of the water-treated ones. Transcriptome analysis identified sets of genes that were differentially expressed in shoots and roots of seedlings and in mature green fruits of ethanol-pretreated plants compared with those in water-treated plants. Gene ontology analysis using these genes showed that stress-related gene ontology terms were found in the set of ethanol-induced genes. Metabolome analysis revealed that the contents of a wide range of metabolites differed between water- and ethanol-treated samples. They included sugars such as trehalose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose. From our results, we speculate that ethanol-induced heat stress tolerance in tomato is mainly the result of increased expression of stress-related genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination enzymes, and activated gluconeogenesis. Our results will be useful for establishing ethanol-based chemical priming technology to reduce heat stress damage in crops, especially in Solanaceae.
Temporal dynamics of volatile fatty acids profile, methane production, and prokaryotic community in an in vitro rumen fermentation system fed with maize silage

Anaerobic in vitro fermentation is widely used to simulate rumen kinetics and study the microbiome and metabolite profiling in a controlled lab environment. However, a better understanding of the interplay between the temporal dynamics of fermentation kinetics, metabolic profiles, and microbial composition in in vitro rumen fermentation batch systems is required. To fill that knowledge gap, we conducted three in vitro rumen fermentations with maize silage as the substrate, monitoring total gas production (TGP), dry matter degradability (dDM), and methane (CH4) concentration at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h in each fermentation. At each time point, we collected rumen fluid samples for microbiome analysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes (V4 region) was used to profile the prokaryotic community structure in the rumen during the fermentation process. As the fermentation time increased, dDM, TGP, VFA concentrations, CH4 concentration, and yield (mL CH4 per g DM at standard temperature and pressure (STP)) significantly increased. For the dependent variables, CH4 concentration and yield, as well as the independent variables TGP and dDM, polynomial equations were fitted. These equations explained over 85% of the data variability (R2 > 0.85) and suggest that TGP and dDM can be used as predictors to estimate CH4 production in rumen fermentation systems. Microbiome analysis revealed a dominance of Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacterota, Euryarchaeota, Fibrobacterota, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetota, and Verrucomicrobiota. Significant temporal variations in Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetota were detected. Estimates of alpha diversity based on species richness and the Shannon index showed no variation between fermentation time points. This study demonstrated that the in vitro fermentation characteristics of a given feed type (e.g., maize silage) can be predicted from a few parameters (CH4 concentration and yield, tVFA, acetic acid, and propionic acid) without running the actual in vitro trial if the rumen fluid is collected from similar donor cows. Although the dynamics of the rumen prokaryotes changed remarkably over time and in accordance with the fermentation kinetics, more time points between 0 and 24 h are required to provide more details about the microbial temporal dynamics at the onset of the fermentation.
Inflammatory Reprogramming Mediates Changes in Three-Dimensional Strain Capacity and Cardiac Function in Beagle Dogs with Doxorubicin-Related Cardiomyopathy

Background : The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) limits its use in cancer treatment. To address this limitation, we developed a novel animal model that uses beagle dogs to investigate DOX-induced cardiac disorders. Unfortunately, the lack of effective cardio-protection strategies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity poses a significant challenge. To establish a canine model for low-mortality DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and explore the relationship between inflammatory reprogramming and DOX-related cardiotoxicity. Methods : Twenty male beagle dogs aged two years were randomly assigned into the DOX (N = 10) and control (CON) (N = 10) groups. DOX was infused (1.5 mg/kg) every two weeks until doses cumulatively reached 12 mg/kg. Serum biomarkers and myocardial pathology were evaluated, while real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR), two-and three-dimensional echocardiography (2DE and RT3DE), functional enrichment, and matrix correlation were also performed. Results : In the DOX group, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were significantly increased. Myocardial pathology indicated early to medium myocardial degeneration via a decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA). Increased levels of inflammatory gene transcripts (interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), transforming growth factor β (TGF β ), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), interleukin 1 (IL1), interleukin 1 β (IL1 β ), and interleukin 8 (IL8)), of collagen metabolism and deposition regulatory genes (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) family), and the natriuretic peptide family (NPS) (natriuretic peptide A, B and C (NPPA, NPPB, and NPPC)) were observed.
Physical Activities Affecting the Motivation and MentalWell-Being of Non- Athlete-Students

This study aims to determine which motivation for Physical Activity related on students’ mental well-being at Nanjing Vocational Institute of Railway Technology (NVIRT). The outcomes of this study may be used as a basis for the program that may improve the students’ mental well-being. This may also serve as basis to solve the mental health problems and challenges faced by the students at Nanjing Vocational Institute of Railway Technology (NVIRT). Research conclusion: Male non-athlete students seemed to have better assessment of their mental health than the female ones considering their well-being, participation in sports, and quality of life; Higher level of motivation to join in physical activities may result to a positive effect on mental health of non-athlete students.
Decentralized Resource Allocation for Multi-Radar Systems Based on Quality of Service Framework

Resource allocation plays a crucial role in the design of multi-radar systems (MRS) for sensing applications. Conventional approaches involve centrally computing the resource allocation solution, assuming the existence of a fusion center (FC). However, these approaches lead to a significant computational burden associated with the FC and fail to yield a viable solution when employing decentralized network architectures. To address the limitations of the centralized approach, this paper proposes a decentralized resource allocation framework. The general resource allocation problem for MRS is comprehensively formulated as an optimization problem based on the quality of service model. To facilitate decentralized optimization, a logarithmic barrier method is employed to approximate the objective function as a linear combination of individual task utility functions. These utility functions can be sequentially updated at each node by communicating with adjacent nodes. The global solution of the optimization problem is obtained when all nodes reach an agreement on resource allocation after a sufficient number of iterations. It is demonstrated that the formulated objective function is unbounded, which is incongruent with the applicable form of common decentralized solution algorithms. To overcome this, a constrained walk alternating direction method of multipliers (CW-ADMM) algorithm is proposed, which ensures an acceptable communication cost while finding the solution. A parallel acceleration approach that employs a broadcast-oriented mechanism is provided to further improve the solution efficiency. Finally, two typical scenarios of MRS resource allocation are investigated to empirically validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
A Review of Research on China's Centralized Drugs Bulk-buying Platform for Public Welfare

Inflated drug prices have always been a problem in the circulation of medicines in China, and in recent years, the relevant departments in China have formulated a series of policies to control drug prices, one of the strongest and most effective of which is to carry out centralized procurement of medicines. The state has also introduced a series of related policies around the centralized procurement of drugs, including the establishment of a centralized procurement platform for drugs. Therefore, this paper focuses on the concept of centralized drugs bulk-buying platform, the current development status, functions and advantages, and the review of related literature, puts forward the research deficiencies of the existing literature, and looks forward to the direction of future research, with a view to enriching the research on centralized drugs bulk-buying platform.