Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding climate modes’ impact on the Indian Ocean decadal upwelling variability

<p align="justify">This study explores the spatial pattern and climate modes’ impact on the Indian Ocean decadal upwelling variability by using observational dataset, Static Linear Regression Model (SLM) and Bayesian Dynamic Linear Model (BDLM). Our analysis shows that the Indian Ocean decadal upwellings averaged in the Eastern and Western Indian Ocean (EIO and WIO) regions are positively correlated. Moreover, the BDLM that represents the temporal modulations of the El Niño and Southern Ocean (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) impacts, reproduces the time series of the EIO and WIO upwellings more realistically than a conventional SLM does. BD<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">L</span>M simulations further suggest that in both EIO and WIO, IOD is more important than ENSO impact. The time-varying regression coefficients in BDLM indicate that the observed shift of the IOD impact on the EIO upwelling around 1985 is mainly associated with the changes of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">alongshore </span>wind stress forcing <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">and </span>the sensitivity of the upper <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">ocean </span>temperature <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">in the </span>E<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">IO</span> through the surface warming tendency and the enhanced ocean stratification. This suggests that climate models need to consider the time-varying impact of different climate modes in order to simulate the Indian Ocean dynamics correctly. <strong></strong></p>
Diabetes and associated cardiovascular complications: The role of microRNAs

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a complex cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia caused by inadequate insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or excessive glucagon secretion. If not correctly treated, the prolonged effects of DM-associated metabolic perturbations lead to systemic vascular complications and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the principal cause of mortality among patients with DM. Given the increase in the global prevalence of diabetes, novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are necessary for its effective identification and treatment. Recent findings point to an important role of microRNA (miRNAs) in DM initiation and progression, as well as the occurrence of associated cardiovascular complications. miRNAs are short, highly conserved, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that contribute to the maintenance of physiological homeostasis through the regulation of crucial processes such as metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The increased availability of high-throughput methodologies for identifying and characterizing non-coding RNAs has led to considerable interest in miRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents for DM. In this review, we first comprehensively detail the regulatory miRNAs involved in the pathophysiology of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCMP). Subsequently, we summarize findings regarding the utility of several of these miRNAs as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for DM and DM-associated CVD. Finally, we evaluate the potential of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for treating DM and DCMP in the clinical setting.
Millimeter Wave Planar Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Loaded Triangular Patch for End-Fire Radiation

A planar wideband circularly polarized (CP) end-fire antenna is presented for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. First, the antenna consists of an open-ended substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding line in the middle, a pair of stacked substrates with shorted triangular patches on both upper and lower sides, and an offset parallel strip. The shorted triangular patch is viewed as a horizontally polarized electric dipole, while the open-ended SIW is equivalent to an enhanced magnetic dipole due to the stacked substrates. Wide axial ratio (AR) performance is achieved by simultaneously exciting the two dipoles with orthogonal phase supplied by the offset parallel strip. Then, working principle and parameter analysis are explained and discussed for a further understanding. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the design scheme, which demonstrates wide AR bandwidth performance of 38.6%, novel and efficient radiating structure, simple and compact antenna size, and easy fabrication and integration. This indicates that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate to design wideband end-fire CP antenna in the mm-wave frequency band.
POLYMORPHISM OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN WILD BOAR (Sus scrofa L., 1758) IN RUSSIA

based on similarity coefficient (Q) calculation for k = 2. The average Q values in individuals inhabited on European part and in East Siberian was 0.984±0.005 and in Irkutsk region and Khabarovsk Kraj was 0.994±0.001. Five DNA markers (RYR1, ESR, MUC4, IGF2, ECRF18/FUT1) were monomorphic in both of territorial clusters. The non-significant differences in allele frequencies of FSHB, BF, MC4R and POU1F1 genes between individuals assigned to the west and east clusters were observed: pA = 0.462 and 0.250, pA = 0.020 and 0.143, pA = 0.013 and 0.000, pC = 0.000 and 0.111, respectively. The studied territorial groups significantly differed in NCOA1 allele frequencies: pA1 = 0.938 in wild boars assigned to the west cluster and pA1 = 0,000 to the east cluster.
3D seismic study of a ductile shear zone from laboratory and petrofabric data (Saint Barthélémy Massif, Northern Pyrenees, France)

In order to constrain interpretations of seismic reflection records more effectively, the seismic properties of a middle crustal section exposed in the Saint Barthelemy Massif have been determined. The massif, transected by a 200 m thick shear zone has been systematically sampled for density measurements and modal analysis has been performed in order to define the spatial variations of physical properties. Seismic velocities (Vp, V5, shear wave birefringence), have been measured on five representative samples to 600 MPa and 600°C simultaneously in the three structural directions (X, Y and Z). For two samples, the expep.mental data have been compared with calculated values, based on petrofabric analyses. The Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO) is determined using universal stage, electron channelling microscopy and neutron diffraction goniometry. Using the experimental and calculated velocity data, we establish a lateral homogeneous anisotropie model.
The ecology and silviculture of oaks

Abstract This book contains is the third edition and is a reorganization and expansion of earlier editions. It contains 15 chapters from the earlier 10. The new chapters emphasize topics previously given briefer treatment. Expanded topics include artificial regeneration, fire effects and prescribed burning, silvicultural methods for woodlands and savannas, forest health, and managing oaks in a changing climate.
Unveiling the Green Impact: Exploring the Nexus Between Trade Openness and Environmental Quality in South Africa

In light of the escalating concerns about environmental sustainability and the profound impact of international trade on environmental outcomes, the study's focal point was to empirically investigate the relationship between trade openness and environmental quality in South Africa from 1994 to 2018. In order to achieve the goal, the research utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds method and Granger causality test for analyzing data. The ARDL Bounds approach was chosen for its ability to examine both short-run and long-run relationships, while the Granger causality test provided insights into the direction of causality between the variables. This combination of robust econometric techniques enhances the reliability and depth of the study's findings, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between trade openness and environmental quality in the country. The analysis results revealed a significant and positive relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions in the short and long run. The Granger causality test also indicated a unidirectional causality from trade openness to environmental quality. These implications are paramount for the South African government's policy formulation. In order to tackle the environmental issues that come with open trade, the government must put in place trade agreements that will enhance its ability to address these concerns efficiently. One crucial step is reducing trade barriers on environmental goods, facilitating increased access to green technologies at lower costs. Moreover, the government should prioritize enacting and enforcing strict environmental laws to avoid the "pollution haven hypothesis," which often affects low-income countries.
Evaluation of Visual Risk Perception of Automated Driving Tasks by Analyzing Gaze Pattern Dispersion

Automated driving essentially transforms the role of human drivers from active decision-makers to passive supervisors. The change in gaze patterns elicited by such a transformation may influence vehicle control during manual takeover, thereby altering the visual risk perception. However, the specific impact of automated driving on visual risk perception remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the visual risk perception of automated driving tasks by analyzing the gaze pattern dispersion, which reflects the coverage of visual attention distribution. Ten participants perform manual and automated driving tasks. Each driving task includes acceleration, maintaining constant speeds, and deceleration phases. The constant speeds were set to 40, 60, and 80 km/h, and the deceleration rates were set to −2.5, −5.0, and −7.5 m/s2. The probability density estimation method is proposed to calculate gaze density regions that reflect the gaze patterns dispersion. The results indicate that automated driving causes more dispersed gaze patterns in the initial acceleration and lower speed phases. However, gaze patterns are not significantly dispersed in the highest speed and all deceleration phases during automated driving. Furthermore, gaze patterns are highly constrained by the increasing deceleration rates during manual driving. Conversely, automated driving does not constrain gaze patterns among the three deceleration rates. The dispersed gaze patterns during automated driving suggest that the visual risk perception may be decreased, potentially resulting in the weakening of takeover control. Therefore, it is necessary to judiciously design the takeover control of automated driving to ensure driving safety during initial acceleration and lower speeds.
Development of Multifunctional Detection Robot for Roller Coaster Track

Recent advances in roller coasters accelerate the creation of complex tracks to provide stimulation and excitement for humans. As the main load-bearing component, tracks are prone to damage such as loose connecting bolts, paint peeling, corroded sleeper welds, corroded butt welds, reduced track wall thickness and surface cracks under complex environments and long-term alternating loads. However, inspection of the roller coaster tracks, especially the high-altitude rolling tracks, is a crucial problem that traditional manual detection methods have difficulty solving. In addition, traditional inspection is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and provides only discrete information. Here, a concept of the multifunctional detection robot with a mechanical structure, electrical control system, camera, electromagnetic ultrasonic probes and an array of eddy current probes for detecting large roller coaster tracks is reported. By optimizing the design layout, integrating multiple systems and completing machine testing, the multifunctional roller coaster track detection robot exhibits outstanding performance in track appearance, thickness and crack detection. This study provides great potential for intelligent detection in amusement equipment, railcar, train and so on.
ABUNDANCIA Y PATRONES DE ACTIVIDAD DEL MAPACHE (Procyon cancrivorus) EN UN BOSQUE CHIQUITANO DE BOLIVIA

Abundance and activity patterns of the Crab Eating Raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) in a Chiquitano forest of Bolivia. The crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is a carnivore widely distributed in Central and South America, but due to its nocturnal habits and evasive conduct, little is known about its natural history. This study reports the first data on home range, abundance and activity of raccoons based on sys- tematic camera trap surveys conducted in the Chiquitano dry forest of San Miguelito ranch. Two sampling efforts (Sep 17-Nov 21, 2002, and Jun 5-Aug 8, 2004) totaled 3197 camera trap-nights and rendered 133 captures of 17 and 15 individuals, respectively, recognizable by the number, width, and shape of the tail rings. By applying capture-recapture statistics we estimated abundances of 20 and 22 individuals and population densities of 19 and 40 individuals/100 km². Records of single individuals at several stations allowed us to estimate travel distances of 0.7-4.2 km and minimum observed ranges of 0.28-1.97 km². Raccoons traveled through most of the available habitats except Cerrado forests, and seemed to prefer dirt roads over trails, salt licks, river banks, and springs. Given the preference for roads and differences in individual capture probability, the estimation of abundance needs to be based on individual recognition, and comparisons require that effort be distributed evenly across types of sites and habitats. Camera trapping has
Soil Microbial, Chemical and Physical Properties in Continuous Cotton and Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems

Continuous monoculture systems can reduce soil organic matter because of low organic inputs and disturbance from tillage practices. Integrated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cropping and livestock production systems in West Texas may provide more sustainable alternatives to the traditional continuous cotton system and improve soil quality. Our study was conducted on a Pullman soil (Fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) after 5 yr as a complete randomized block design (three replications) that compared continuous cotton and an integrated livestock-crop system with a perennial warm-season grass pasture (Bothriochloa bladhii) paddock and two paddocks (two stages) of a rotation (wheat [Triticum aestivum]-fallow-rye [Secale cereale]-cotton). Total N (average: 1.0 g kg -1 soil) remained similar among systems and soil pH was >8.1. Organic C was higher (13.5 g kg -1 soil) in perennial pasture compared with continuous cotton (9.0 g kg -1 soil) at 0 to 5 cm. [. ]
Evaluation for damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire using lidar and a digital aerial photograph.

The amount of vegetation physically damaged by forest fire can be evaluated using lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) data because the loss of canopy height and width by forest fire can be relevant to the number of points transmitted to the ground through the canopy of the damaged forest. On the other hand, the biological damage of vegetation caused by forest fire can be obtained from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which determines the vegetation vitality. In this study, the degree of physical damage from the lidar data was classified into serious physical damage (SPD) and light physical damage (LPD). The degree of biological damage using NDVI was likewise classified into serious biological damage (SBD) and light biological damage (LBD). Finally, the damaged area was graded into four categories: (a) SPD and SBD, (b) LPD and SBD, (c) SPD and LBD, and (d) LPD and LBD. The accuracy assessment for the area classified into four grades showed an overall accuracy of 0.74, and a kappa value of 0.61 which provides improvement over previous works.
Validation of Mode‐S Meteorological Routine Air Report aircraft observations

[1] The success of mesoscale data assimilation depends on the availability of three-dimensional observations with high spatial and temporal resolution. This paper describes an example of such observations, available through Mode-S air traffic control system composed of ground radar and transponders on board the aircraft. The meteorological information is provided by interrogation of a dedicated meteorological data register, called Meteorological Routine Air Report (MRAR). MRAR provides direct measurements of temperature and wind, but is only returned by a small fraction of aircraft. The quality of Mode-S MRAR data, collected at the Ljubljana Airport, Slovenia, is assessed by its comparison with AMDAR and high-resolution radiosonde data sets, which enable high- and low-level validation, respectively. The need for temporal smoothing of raw Mode-S MRAR data is also studied. The standard deviation of differences between smoothed Mode-S MRAR and AMDAR is 0.35°C for temperature, 0.8 m/s for wind speed and below 10 degrees for wind direction. The differences with respect to radiosondes are larger, with standard deviations of approximately 1.7°C, 3 m/s and 25 degrees for temperature, wind speed and wind direction, respectively. It is concluded that both wind and temperature observations from Mode-S MRAR are accurate and therefore potentially very useful for data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models.
The Feasibility of Permanent Land Seismic Monitoring with Buried Geophones and Hydrophones

A comprehensive onshore seismic experiment was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate various configurations for seismic monitoring in a desert environment. A line of 80 receiver stations was deployed comprised of both geophones and hydrophones permanently cemented in the boreholes at four different depth levels from 0 to 30 m. This study focuses on the analysis of data acquired using a surface vibrator source. Due to the challenging near-surface conditions and poor signal-to-noise ratio observed on the pre-stack data, a dense source grid was acquired with the surface vibrator. Designing a processing sequence that was optimized for imaging and repeatability was essential. The best stack image and repeatability was obtained using data from the receivers located at 30 m. Post-stack repeatability of around 20-25 % NRMS was obtained over a large portion of the line. We observed additional improvements in imaging when using dual-sensor summation by combining the geophone and hydrophone data. In addition, virtual source redatuming was performed, which produced images with an increased continuity of some of the targeted events. Further work to fully understand the limits and opportunities of land seismic monitoring is in progress.
Reactive nitrogen and its correlation with ozone in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

Reactive nitrogen (NOy) and O3 were measured simultaneously from a NASA ER-2 aircraft during 1987 through 1989. These high resolution measurements cover a broad range of latitudes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The data show a striking positive correlation between NOy and O3 in the lower stratosphere at all scales sampled. The ratio NOy/O3 is nearly independent of altitude from the tropopause to above 20 km, with ratios in the stratosphere of 0.0015–0.002 in the tropics and 0.0025–0.004 elsewhere. The ratio is much more constant than either individual species, thus providing an excellent reference point for comparing limited data sets with models. Two-dimensional models reproduce general features of the vertical profile of NOy/O3 but not the gradient in the lower stratosphere between tropics and mid-latitudes. NOy and O3 are better correlated in the lower stratosphere than in the upper troposphere. The magnitude and variability of both NOy mixing ratios and NOy/O3 ratios indicate a source of NOy in the upper troposphere. The most plausible source in the tropics is lightning production of NOx. Condensation of NOy onto aerosol particles is often possible in the tropical upper troposphere and may play a role in determining the vertical distribution of NOy. In the mid-latitude upper troposphere the data suggest long-range transport of NOy. NOy mixing ratios in the tropical upper troposphere were usually between 150 and 600 pptv, enough so that upward transport can affect the NOy abundance in the tropical lower stratosphere.
Strategi Mesir Menghadapi Ancaman Pembangunan Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (Gerd)

Nile river passes through Egypt, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, Rwanda, Eritrea and southern Sudan. The river that is the pride of the Egyptian state does flow to various countries, but other countries do not feel the benefits at all. Only Egypt has the right to use the water of the Nile in accordance with the treaties in 1929 and 1959. 97% of Egypt's water supply comes from the Nile. Egypt has become a country with strong control over the distribution of water discharge in the Nile. However, as a country mired in poverty and struggling with severe drought, Ethiopia, considers the agreement irrelevant and very detrimental. Ethiopia finally challenged the historical water access rights through the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). This project is planned to be completed in 2022. However, the construction of this dam by Ethiopia of course be a big threat to Egypt because it can drastically reduce the availability of water to the country, so the right strategy is needed to be able to overcome the threat of GERD development. The paper in this study aims to find out how Egypt's strategy is in dealing with the threat of the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). In this study, the author applies a qualitative method. The author utilizes various related sources such as journals and books and is analyzed using the theory of the National Interest to be able to answer research questions
Estimating Patient-Level Uncertainty in Seizure Detection Using Group-Specific Out-of-Distribution Detection Technique

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting around 1% of the global population, characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for reducing mortality rates. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown potential in aiding clinicians with seizure detection in electroencephalography (EEG) data. However, these algorithms face significant challenges due to the patient-specific variability in seizure patterns and the limited availability of high-quality EEG data for training, causing erratic predictions. These erratic predictions are harmful, especially for high-stake domains in healthcare, negatively affecting patients. Therefore, ensuring safety in AI is of the utmost importance. In this study, we propose a novel ensemble method for uncertainty quantification to identify patients with low-confidence predictions in ML-based seizure detection algorithms. Our approach aims to mitigate high-risk predictions in previously unseen seizure patients, thereby enhancing the robustness of existing seizure detection algorithms. Additionally, our method can be implemented with most of the deep learning (DL) models. We evaluated the proposed method against established uncertainty detection techniques, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying patients for whom the model’s predictions are less certain. Our proposed method managed to achieve 87%, 89% and 75% in accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. This study represents a novel attempt to improve the reliability and robustness of DL algorithms in the domain of seizure detection. This study underscores the value of integrating uncertainty quantification into ML algorithms for seizure detection, offering clinicians a practical tool to gauge the applicability of ML models for individual patients.