Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Event Log Data-Attributes in RNN Based Prediction

In predictive process analytics, current and historical process data in event logs are used to predict future. E.g., to predict the next activity or how long a process will still require to complete. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) and its subclasses have been demonstrated to be well suited for creating prediction models. Thus far, event attributes have not been fully utilized in these models. The biggest challenge in exploiting them in prediction models is the potentially large amount of event attributes and attribute values. We present a novel clustering technique which allows for trade-offs between prediction accuracy and the time needed for model training and prediction. As an additional finding, we also found that this clustering method combined with having raw event attribute values provides even better prediction accuracy at the cost of additional time required for training and prediction. We also built a highly configurable test framework that can be used to efficiently evaluate different prediction approaches and parameterizations.
Accelerating Bulk Bit-Wise X(N)OR Operation in Processing-in-DRAM Platform

With Von-Neumann computing architectures struggling to address computationally- and memory-intensive big data analytic task today, Processing-in-Memory (PIM) platforms are gaining growing interests. In this way, processing-in-DRAM architecture has achieved remarkable success by dramatically reducing data transfer energy and latency. However, the performance of such system unavoidably diminishes when dealing with more complex applications seeking bulk bit-wise X(N)OR- or addition operations, despite utilizing maximum internal DRAM bandwidth and in-memory parallelism. In this paper, we develop DRIM platform that harnesses DRAM as computational memory and transforms it into a fundamental processing unit. DRIM uses the analog operation of DRAM sub-arrays and elevates it to implement bit-wise X(N)OR operation between operands stored in the same bit-line, based on a new dual-row activation mechanism with a modest change to peripheral circuits such sense amplifiers. The simulation results show that DRIM achieves on average 71x and 8.4x higher throughput for performing bulk bit-wise X(N)OR-based operations compared with CPU and GPU, respectively. Besides, DRIM outperforms recent processing-in-DRAM platforms with up to 3.7x better performance.
Metallization induced band bending of SrTiO3(100) and Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3

We have investigated the interaction of Pt with single-crystal SrTiO3(001) and polycrystalline Ba0.7Sr0. 3TiO3 thin films using photoemission spectroscopies. Significant band bending is caused by interface formation, determining the Schottky barrier height. We have depth profiled the band bending for Ba0.7Sr0. 3TiO3 thin films, giving a direct measurement of the depletion depth and built-in potential.
Experimental realization of a quantum ratchet through phase modulation

We report on an experimental realization of unidirectional transporting island structures in an otherwise chaotic phase space of the $\ensuremath{\delta}$-kicked rotor system. Using a Bose-Einstein condensate as a source of ultracold atoms, we employ asymmetric phase modulation in the kicks, with the narrow momentum distribution of the atoms allowing us to address individual island structures. We observe quantum ratchet behavior in this system, with clear directed momentum current in the absence of a directional force, which we characterize and connect to $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-classical theory.
A ram-pressure threshold for star formation

In turbulent fragmentation, star formation occurs in condensations created by converging flows. The condensations must be sufficiently massive, dense and cool to be gravitationally unstable, so that they start to contract; and they must then radiate away thermal energy fast enough for self-gravity to remain dominant, so that they continue to contract. For the metallicities and temperatures in local star-forming clouds, this second requirement is only met robustly when the gas couples thermally to the dust, because this delivers the capacity to radiate across the full bandwidth of the continuum, rather than just in a few discrete spectral lines. This translates into a threshold for vigorous star formation, which can be written as a minimum ram pressure PCRIT ∼ 4 × 10−11 dyne. PCRIT is independent of temperature, and corresponds to flows with molecular hydrogen number density nH2.FLOW and velocity vFLOW satisfying nH2.FLOWv2FLOW≳800cm−3(kms−1)2. This in turn corresponds to a minimum molecular hydrogen column density for vigorous star formation, NH2.CRIT∼4×1021cm−2 (ΣCRIT ∼ 100 M⊙ pc−2), and a minimum visual extinction AV, CRIT ∼ 9 mag. The characteristic diameter and line density for a star-forming filament when this threshold is just exceeded – a sweet spot for local star formation regions – are 2RFIL ∼ 0.1 pc and μFIL ∼ 13 M⊙ pc−2. The characteristic diameter and mass for a prestellar core condensing out of such a filament are 2RCORE ∼ 0.1 pc and MCORE ∼ 1 M⊙. We also show that fragmentation of a shock-compressed layer is likely to commence while the convergent flows creating the layer are still ongoing, and we stress that, under this circumstance, the phenomenology and characteristic scales for fragmentation of the layer are fundamentally different from those derived traditionally for pre-existing layers.
A simulations study of the muon response of the Iron Calorimeter detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory

The magnetised Iron CALorimeter detector (ICAL), proposed to be built at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO), is designed to study atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The ICAL detector is optimized to measure the muon momentum, its direction and charge. A GEANT4-based package has been developed by the INO collaboration to simulate the ICAL geometry and propagation of particles through the detector. The simulated muon tracks are reconstructed using the Kalman Filter algorithm. Here we present the first study of the response of the ICAL detector to muons using this simulations package to determine the muon momentum and direction resolutions as well as their reconstruction and charge identification efficiencies. For 1–20 GeV/c muons in the central region of the detector, we obtain an average angle-dependent momentum resolution of 9–14%, an angular resolution of about a degree, reconstruction efficiency of about 80% and a correct charge identification of about 98%.
Stringy Models of Modified Gravity: Space-time defects and Structure Formation

Starting from microscopic models of space-time foam, based on brane universes propagating in bulk space-times populated by D0-brane defects ("D-particles"), we arrive at effective actions used by a low-energy observer on the brane world to describe his/her observations of the Universe. These actions include, apart from the metric tensor field, also scalar (dilaton) and vector fields, the latter describing the interactions of low-energy matter on the brane world with the recoiling point-like space-time defect (D-particle). The vector field is proportional to the recoil velocity of the D-particle and as such it satisfies a certain constraint. The vector breaks locally Lorentz invariance, which however is assumed to be conserved on average in a space-time foam situation, involving the interaction of matter with populations of D-particle defects. In this paper we demonstrate that, already at the end of the radiation era, the (constrained) vector field associated with the recoil of the defects provides the seeds for a growing mode in the evolution of the Universe. Such a growing mode survives during the matter dominated era, provided the variance of the D-particle recoil velocities on the brane is larger than a critical value.
New NIR light-curve templates for classical Cepheids

Aims. We present new near-infrared (NIR) light-curve templates for fundamental (FU, J, H, KS) and first overtone (FO, J) classical Cepheids. The new templates together with period-luminosity and period-Wesenheit (PW) relations provide Cepheid distances from single-epoch observations with a precision only limited by the intrinsic accuracy of the method adopted. Methods. The templates rely on a very large set of Galactic and Magellanic Cloud Cepheids (FU, ~600; FO, ~200) with well-sampled NIR (IRSF data set) and optical (V, I; OGLE data set) light-curves. To properly trace the change in the shape of the light-curve as a function of pulsation period, we split the sample of calibrating Cepheids into ten different period bins. The templates for the first time cover FO Cepheids and the short-period range of FU Cepheids (P ≤ 5 days). Moreover, the phase zero-point is anchored to the phase of the mean magnitude along the rising branch. The new approach has several advantages in sampling the light-curve of bump Cepheids when compared with the canonical phase of maximum light. We also provide new empirical estimates of the NIR-to-optical amplitude ratios for FU and FO Cepheids. We perform detailed analytical fits using seventh-order Fourier series and multi-Gaussian periodic functions. The latter are characterized by fewer free parameters (nine vs. fifteen). Results. The mean NIR magnitudes based on the new templates are up to 80% more accurate than single-epoch NIR measurements and up to 50% more accurate than the mean magnitudes based on previous NIR templates, with typical associated uncertainties ranging from 0.015 mag (J band) to 0.019 mag (KS band). Moreover, we find that errors on individual distance estimates for Small Magellanic Cloud Cepheids derived from NIR PW relations are essentially reduced to the intrinsic scatter of the adopted relations. Conclusions. Thus, the new templates are the ultimate tool for estimating precise Cepheid distances from NIR single-epoch observations, which can be safely adopted for future interesting applications, including deriving the 3D structure of the Magellanic Clouds.
MOCCA code for star cluster simulations - V. Initial globular cluster conditions influence on blue stragglers

The paper presents an analysis of properties of populations of blue stragglers (BSs) in evolving globular clusters, based on numerical simulations done with the MOCCA code for various initial globular clusters conditions. We find that various populations of BSs strongly depend on the initial semi-major axes distributions. With a significant number of compact binaries, the number of evolutionary BSs can be also significant. In turn, for semi-major axes distributions preferring binaries with wider orbits, dynamical BSs are the dominant ones. Their formation scenario is very distinct: for wide binaries the number of dynamical interactions is significantly larger. Most interactions are weak and increase only slightly the eccentricities. However, due to a large number of such interactions, the eccentricities of a number of binaries finally get so large that the stars collide. We study how larger initial clusters' concentrations influence the BSs. Besides the expected increase of the number of dynamically created BSs (for denser GCs the probabilities of strong dynamical interactions and collisions are higher), we find that the number of the evolutionary BSs is not affected even by very high initial concentrations. This has a very important implication on observations - it supports the theory that the evolutionary BSs are the result of the unperturbed evolution of the primordial binaries. In addition, the paper presents the evolution of the ratio between the number of BSs in binaries and as single stars R_B/S. For a vast diversity of models, the ratio R_B/S approaches the value ~0.4. Additionally, we identified two subgroups which differ in the initial semi-major axes distributions. The first group starts with a high ratio R_B/S, it decreases with time and settles around 0.4. The second group starts with lower values of the ratio R_B/S . (etc., abstract continues)
Educational Data Mining For Predicting Academic Student Performance Using Active Classification

The increasing amount of educational data has rapidly in the latest few years. The Educational Data Mining (EDM) techniques are utilized to detect the valuable pattern so that improves the educational process and to obtain high performance of all educational elements. The proposed work contains three stages: preprocessing, features selection, and an active classification stage. The dataset was collected using EDM that had a lack in the label data, it contained 2050 records collected by using questionnaires and by using the students’ academic records. There are twenty-five features that were combined from the following five factors: (curriculum, teacher, student, the environment of education, and the family). Active learning had been utilized in the classification. Four techniques had been applied for classifying the features: Random Forest (RF) algorithm, Label Propagation (LP), Logistic Regression (LR), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The accuracies of prediction were 95.121%, 92.195%, 92.292%, and 93.951% respectively. Also, the RF algorithm has been utilized for assorting the features depending on their importance.
On Berman–Gibbs stability and K-stability of $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano varieties

The notion of Berman–Gibbs stability was originally introduced by Berman for $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano varieties $X$. We show that the pair $(X,-K_{X})$ is K-stable (respectively K-semistable) provided that $X$ is Berman–Gibbs stable (respectively semistable).
Role of vacancies in the magnetic and electronic properties of SiC nanoribbons: Anab initiostudy

Using ab-initio calculations based on density functional theory, we investigate the effects of vacancies on the electronic and magnetic properties of zigzag SiC nanoribbons (Z-SiCNR). Single (V_C and V_Si) and double (V_SiV_Si and V_SiV_C) vacancies are observed to induce magnetism in Z-SiCNRs. The presence of a single V_Si does not affect the half-metallic behavior of pristine Z-SiCNRs; however, a single V_C leads to a transition from half-metallic to metallic behavior in Z-SiCNRs due to the edge Si p orbitals and the atoms surrounding the vacancy. The interactions of vacancies with foreign impurity atoms (B and N) are also investigated and it is observed that V_SiN_C does not only suppress the oscillatory type magnetism of V_SiV_C, but also retains the half-metallic character of the pristine Z-SiCNRs. The defect formation energies of vacancies can be reduced by substitutional B and N atoms. We believe that ferromagnetism is expected if Z-SiCNR are grown under suitable conditions.
Gauge Fields, Knots and Gravity

This is an introduction to the basic tools of mathematics needed to understand the relation between knot theory and quantum gravity. The book begins with a rapid course on manifolds and differential forms, emphasizing how these provide a proper language for formulating Maxwell's equations on arbitrary spacetimes. The authors then introduce vector bundles, connections and curvature in order to generalize Maxwell theory to the Yang-Mills equations. The relation of gauge theory to the newly discovered knot invariants such as the Jones polynomial is sketched. Riemannian geometry is then introduced in order to describe Einstein's equations of general relativity and show how an attempt to quantize gravity leads to interesting applications of knot theory.
Home dialysis in older adults: challenges and solutions

ABSTRACT There is a rising demand for dialysis in the older population given the increased numbers of older adults living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressing to kidney failure. Home dialysis, i.e. peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD), has been available for decades, but more recently there has been a rapid increase in home dialysis utilization as patients and clinicians consider its practical and clinical advantages. For older adults, incident home dialysis utilization more than doubled and prevalent home dialysis growth nearly doubled over the past decade. Whilst its advantages and recent rise in popularity are evident, there are numerous barriers and challenges that are important to consider prior to initiating older adults on home dialysis. Some nephrology healthcare professionals do not view home dialysis as an option for older adults. Successful delivery of home dialysis for older adults may be made even more difficult by physical or cognitive limitations, concerns around dialysis adequacy, and treatment-related complications, as well as challenges relating to caregiver burnout and patient frailty that are unique to home dialysis and older adults. Ultimately, it would be important for clinicians, patients and their caregivers to define what constitutes a ‘successful therapy’ to ensure treatment goals are aligned towards each individual's priorities of care, considering the complex challenges that surround an older adult receiving home dialysis. In this review, we evaluate some of the key challenges surrounding the delivery of home dialysis to older adults and propose potential solutions based on updated evidence to overcome these challenges.
THE EFFECT OF SELECTIVE DESORPTION MECHANISMS DURING INTERSTELLAR ICE FORMATION

Major components of ices on interstellar grains in molecular clouds—water and carbon oxides—occur at various optical depths. This implies that selective desorption mechanisms are at work. An astrochemical model of a contracting low-mass molecular cloud core is presented. Ice was treated as consisting of the surface and three subsurface layers (i.e., sublayers). Photodesorption, reactive desorption, and indirect reactive desorption were investigated. The latter manifests itself through desorption from H+H reaction on grains. Desorption of shallow subsurface species was also included. Modeling results suggest the existence of a “photon-dominated ice” during the early phases of core contraction. Subsurface ice is chemically processed by interstellar photons, which produces complex organic molecules (COMs). Desorption from the subsurface layer results in high COM gas-phase abundances at AV = 2.4–10 mag. This may contribute toward an explanation for COM observations in dark cores. It was found that photodesorption mostly governs the onset of ice accumulation onto grains. Reaction-specific reactive desorption is efficient for small molecules that form via highly exothermic atom-addition reactions. Higher reactive desorption efficiency results in lower gas-phase abundances of COMs. Indirect reactive desorption allows for closely reproducing the observed H2O:CO:CO2 ratio toward a number of background stars. Presumably, this can be done by any mechanism whose efficiency fits with the sequence CO ≥ CO 2 ≫ H 2 O ? > . After the freeze-out has ended, the three sublayers represent chemically distinct parts of the mantle. The likely AV threshold for the appearance of CO ice is 8–10.5 mag. The lower value is supported by observations.
The new insight into gallium nitride (GaN) melting under pressure

Results solving the long standing puzzle regarding the phase diagram and the pressure evolution of the melting temperature Tm(P) of gallium nitride (GaN), the most promising semiconducting material for innovative modern electronic applications, are presented. The analysis is based on (i) studies of the decomposition curve in P-T plane up to challenging P equal 9 GPa, (ii) novel method enabling Tm(P) determination despite the earlier decomposition, and (iii) the pressure invariant parameterization of Tm(P) curve, showing the reversal melting for P greater-than 22 GPa. This is linked to a possible fluid-fluid crossover under extreme pressures and temperatures. The importance of results for the development of GaN based technologies is indicated.
Dynamics of the Social Capital in Increasing the Competitiveness of the Riau Malay Woven Fabric Pekanbaru

The interaction of group participation from the social capital activity of the Riau Malay woven fabric IKM business group in Pekanbaru is intertwined with group participation, which continues to form a strong network. This research uses a qualitative case study approach to analyze the dynamics of the role of social capital to increase the competitiveness of Riau Malay woven fabric SMEs in Pekanbaru. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Purposive sampling was used in determining informants and triangulation technique used. The role of social capital in the Riau Malay Woven Fabric industry in Pekanbaru was found in the research results. It showed a strong social bonding because they had the same kinship and ethnic Malay Islam, so social interaction was formed on a sense of togetherness, empathy, and firm trust. The implications are contributing empirically and relevant theories to the development of social capital as a competitive strategy. Keywords: competitive advantage; social capital; innovation; craft industry
ACCESS: Enabling an Improved Flux Scale for Astrophysics

Improvements in the precision of the astrophysical flux scale are needed to answer fundamental scientific questions ranging from cosmology to stellar physics. The unexpected discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating was based upon the measurement of astrophysical standard candles that appeared fainter than expected. To characterize the underlying physical mechanism of the "Dark Energy" responsible for this phenomenon requires an improvement in the visible-NIR flux calibration of astrophysical sources to 1% precision. These improvements will also enable large surveys of white dwarf stars, e.g. GAIA, to advance stellar astrophysics by testing and providing constraints for the mass-radius relationship of these stars. ACCESS (Absolute Color Calibration Experiment for Standard Stars) is a rocket-borne payload that will enable the transfer of absolute laboratory detector standards from NIST to a network of stellar standards with a calibration accuracy of 1% and a spectral resolving power of R = 500 across the 0.35-1.7 micron bandpass. Among the strategies being employed to minimize calibration uncertainties are: (1) judicious selection of standard stars (previous calibration heritage, minimal spectral features, robust stellar atmosphere models), (2) execution of observations above the Earth's atmosphere (eliminates atmospheric contamination of the stellar spectrum), (3) a single optical path and detector (to minimize visible to NIR cross-calibration uncertainties), (4) establishment of an a priori error budget, (5) on-board monitoring of instrument performance, and (6) fitting stellar atmosphere models to the data to search for discrepancies and confirm performance.
The construction of intervention mode for people with depression based on human-computer interaction

For most of people, the burden caused by COVID-19 is not only physical, but also spiritual. Several research studies have shown that the negative emotions caused by COVID-19 have increased significantly worldwide, but there are not effective emotional interventions for people in most countries. Therefore, this negative emotional trend is likely to expand further and cause more adverse effects, such as pathological depression. By applying python to crawl the posts of depressed patients on Chinese social media platforms, and using natural language processing to quantitatively analyze the words with high frequency, this paper summarizes the text characteristics and depression degrees of depressives' posts on Chinese social media platforms, so as to present a preliminary psychological intervention mode. Then, the paper proposes a more targeted psychological intervention mode for depressives with different characteristics based on the paradigm of human-computer interaction and the results of the questionnaire. The study finds that the patients with sufficient self-regulation abilities and the patients without self-regulation abilities do not meet the high-frequency word extraction results, while patients with insufficient self-regulation abilities do. Additionally, for these three types of patients, different psychological intervention modes can be established based on different interaction paradigms.