Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the full parameter space for an interacting dark energy model with recent observations including redshift-space distortions: Application of the parametrized post-Friedmann approach

Dark energy can modify the dynamics of dark matter if there exists a direct interaction between them. Thus a measurement of the structure growth, e.g., redshift-space distortions (RSD), can provide a powerful tool to constrain the interacting dark energy (IDE) models. For the widely studied $Q=3\beta H\rho_{de}$ model, previous works showed that only a very small coupling ($\beta\sim\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$) can survive in current RSD data. However, all these analyses had to assume $w>-1$ and $\beta>0$ due to the existence of the large-scale instability in the IDE scenario. In our recent work [Phys. Rev. D 90, 063005 (2014)], we successfully solved this large-scale instability problem by establishing a parametrized post-Friedmann (PPF) framework for the IDE scenario. So we, for the first time, have the ability to explore the full parameter space of the IDE models. In this work, we reexamine the observational constraints on the $Q=3\beta H\rho_{de}$ model within the PPF framework. By using the Planck data, the baryon acoustic oscillation data, the JLA sample of supernovae, and the Hubble constant measurement, we get $\beta=-0.010^{+0.037}_{-0.033}$ ($1\sigma$). The fit result becomes $\beta=-0.0148^{+0.0100}_{-0.0089}$ ($1\sigma$) once we further incorporate the RSD data in the analysis. The error of $\beta$ is substantially reduced with the help of the RSD data. Compared with the previous results, our results show that a negative $\beta$ is favored by current observations, and a relatively larger interaction rate is permitted by current RSD data.
A Longitudinal Goal Setting Model for Addressing Complex Personal Problems in Mental Health

Goal setting is critical to achieving desired changes in life. Many technologies support defining and tracking progress toward goals, but these are just some parts of the process of setting and achieving goals. People want to set goals that are more complex than the ones supported through technology. Additionally, people use goal-setting technologies longitudinally, yet the understanding of how people's goals evolve is still limited. We study the collaborative practices of mental health therapists and clients for longitudinally setting and working toward goals through semi-structured interviews with 11 clients and 7 therapists who practiced goal setting in their therapy sessions. Based on the results, we create the Longitudinal Goal Setting Model in mental health, a three-stage model. The model describes how clients and therapists select among multiple complex problems, simplify complex problems to specific goals, and adjust goals to help people address complex issues. Our findings show collaboration between clients and therapists can support transformative reflection practices that are difficult to achieve without the therapist, such as seeing problems through new perspectives, questioning and changing practices, or addressing avoided issues.
Some aspects of field equations in generalized theories of gravity

A class of theories of gravity based on a Lagrangian which depends on the curvature and metric - but not on the derivatives of the curvature tensor - is of interest in several contexts including in the development of the paradigm that treats gravity as an emergent phenomenon. This class of models contains, as an important subset, all Lanczos-Lovelock models of gravity. I derive several identities and properties which are useful in the study of these models and clarify some of the issues that seem to have received insufficient attention in the past literature.
Measurement of complex supercontinuum light pulses using time domain ptychography

We demonstrate that time-domain ptychography, a recently introduced ultrafast pulse reconstruction modality, has properties ideally suited for the temporal characterization of complex light pulses with large time-bandwidth products as it achieves temporal resolution on the scale of a single optical cycle using long probe pulses, low sampling rates, and an extremely fast and robust algorithm. In comparison to existing techniques, ptychography minimizes the data to be recorded and processed, and drastically reduces the computational time of the reconstruction. Experimentally we measure the temporal waveform of an octave-spanning, 3.5~ps long supercontinuum pulse generated in photonic crystal fiber, resolving features as short as 5.7~fs with sub-fs resolution and 30~dB dynamic range using 100~fs probe pulses and similarly large delay steps.
Nonlinear plasmonics at high temperatures

Abstract We solve the Maxwell and heat equations self-consistently for metal nanoparticles under intense continuous wave (CW) illumination. Unlike previous studies, we rely on experimentally-measured data for metal permittivity for increasing temperature and for the visible spectral range. We show that the thermal nonlinearity of the metal can lead to substantial deviations from the predictions of the linear model for the temperature and field distribution and, thus, can explain qualitatively the strong nonlinear scattering from such configurations observed experimentally. We also show that the incompleteness of existing data of the temperature dependence of the thermal properties of the system prevents reaching a quantitative agreement between the measured and calculated scattering data. This modeling approach is essential for the identification of the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the thermo-optical nonlinearity of the metal and should be adopted in all applications of high-temperature nonlinear plasmonics, especially for refractory metals, for both CW and pulsed illumination.
A nearly relaxation-free opto-electronic memory from ultra-thin graphene-MoS$_2$ binary hybrids

Ultra-thin planar heterostructures of graphene and other two-dimensional crystals have recently attracted much interest. Very high carrier mobility in a graphene-on-boron nitride assembly is now well-established, but it has been anticipated that appropriately designed hybrids could perform other tasks as well. A heterostructure of graphene and molybdenum disulphide (MoS$_2$) is expected to be sensitive to photo illumination due to the optical bandgap in MoS$_2$. Despite significant advances in device architectures with both graphene and MoS$_2$, binary graphene-MoS$_2$ hybrids have not been realized so far, and the promising opto-electronic properties of such structures remain elusive. Here we demonstrate experimentally that graphene-on-MoS$_2$ binary heterostructures display an unexpected and remarkable persistent photoconductivity under illumination of white light. The photoconductivity can not only be tuned independently with both light intensity and back gate voltage, but in response to a suitable combination of light and gate voltage pulses the device functions as a re-writable optoelectronic switch or memory. The persistent, or `ON', state shows virtually no relaxation or decay within the the experimental time scales for low and moderate photoexcitation intensity, indicating a near-perfect charge retention. A microscopic model associates the persistence with strong localization of carriers in MoS$_2$. These effects are also observable at room temperature, and with chemical vapour deposited graphene, and hence are naturally scalable for large area applications.
L-Tryptophan Differentially Regulated Glucose and Amino Acid Transporters in the Small Intestine of Rat Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide

Simple Summary This study aimed to test the hypothesis that L-tryptophan (Trp) modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in glucose and amino acid (AA) transport in the rat jejunum in a transporter-dependent manner. Rats were fed Trp in drinking water for 7 days and were intraperitoneally injected with LPS once. Jejunum samples isolated from rats were used for the determination of glucose and AA transport using an Ussing chamber and the expression of related transporters. We found that LPS-induced gut inflammation reduced glucose and AA transport in the jejunum of the rats. Tryptophan supplementation alleviated the LPS-induced downregulation of the expression of the glucose transporter SGLT1, the AA transporters solute carrier family 38 member 2 (SNAT2) and solute carrier family 7 member 8 (LAT2), as well as ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 (ATP1A2); however, it increased the LPS-induced upregulation of acidic AA transporter solute carrier family 1 member 1 (EAAT3) expression. Abstract Tryptophan (Trp) has been shown to improve the growth and gut function of weaned piglets. Whether the growth-promoting effect of Trp is due to the improvement in nutrient transport and absorption during weaning or under conditions of inflammation has not been fully characterized. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Trp on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in glucose and amino acid (AA) transport in the rat jejunum. Twenty-four 7-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into one of three groups: control, LPS, and Trp + LPS. Rats were supplemented with 0 or 0.1 mg Trp per gram body weight/d in drinking water for 7 days and were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg BW) on day 8. After 24 h, rats were sacrificed, and jejunum samples were isolated for the analysis of glucose and AA transport using an Ussing chamber and the expression of glucose and AA transporters. The results showed that Trp alleviated the LPS-induced increase in jejunal permeability (p < 0.05) and decrease in changes in the short-circuit current of glucose, arginine, glutamine, glutamate, glycine, histidine, leucine, lysine, taurine, threonine, and Trp (p < 0.05). Trp reversed (p < 0.05) the LPS-induced downregulation of expression of the glucose transporter SGLT1 and AA transporters solute carrier family 38 member 2 (SNAT2) and solute carrier family 7 member 8 (LAT2), as well as ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 (ATP1A2). However, Trp increased (p < 0.01) the LPS-induced upregulation of acidic AA transporter solute carrier family 1 member 1 (EAAT3) expression. The above findings may help to develop nutritional interventions for the differential targeting of gut nutrient transporters, aiming to improve gut function and health in the presence of inflammation in both humans and animals.
Comparing PyMorph and SDSS photometry. I. Background sky and model fitting effects

A number of recent estimates of the total luminosities of galaxies in the SDSS are significantly larger than those reported by the SDSS pipeline. This is because of a combination of three effects: one is simply a matter of defining the scale out to which one integrates the fit when defining the total luminosity, and amounts on average to 7 arcseconds. In the SDSS main galaxy sample these are typically luminous galaxies, so they are not necessarily nearby. This bias becomes worse when allowing the model more freedom to fit the surface brightness profile. When PyMorph sky values are used, then two component Sersic-Exponential fits to E+S0s return more light than single component deVaucouleurs fits (up to ~0.2 mag), but less light than single Sersic fits (0.1 mag). Finally, we show that PyMorph fits of Meert et al. (2015) to DR7 data remain valid for DR9 images. Our findings show that, especially at large luminosities, these PyMorph estimates should be preferred to the SDSS pipeline values.
Xylanase Impact beyond Performance: Effects on Gut Structure, Faecal Volatile Fatty Acid Content and Ammonia Emissions in Weaned Piglets Fed Diets Containing Fibrous Ingredients

Simple Summary The use of fibrous dietary ingredients can improve the profitability of pig production but can have detrimental effects on nutrient digestibility. To improve the utilisation of dietary fibre in pigs, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of increasing levels of xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology and faecal volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations in weaning pigs. Xylanase significantly improved growth and nutrient digestibility, while also changing gut structure and metabolite levels, perhaps suggesting an underlying shift in intestinal microbiota. Abstract The addition of xylanase to piglet diets is known to improve performance and nutrient digestibility. The present study aimed to assess the impact of new xylanase on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut function of weaned piglets. A total of 144 pigs, weaned at 28 days (7.48 kg initial body weight, IBW), were assigned to 36 pens and 9 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were a basal complex control diet, and the basal diet supplemented with 45,000, 90,000 and 135,000 U/kg xylanase. Performance was measured at days 0, 14 and 35. At day 35, samples were collected for assessment of intestinal histology, and volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations. After two weeks post-weaning, additional 12 piglets (11.34 kg IBW) were placed in metabolic crates for assessment of apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using a dietary marker. The addition of xylanase at 90,000 and 135,000 U/kg significantly improved average daily gain (333.6 g/day control, 364.86 g/day, 90,000 U/kg, 405.89 g/day, 135,000 U/kg, p < 0.05), G:F (0.557 control, 0.612 90,000 U/kg, 0.692 135,000 U/kg, p < 0.05), and reduced diarrhoea. This was driven improved nutrient digestibility and villus height in the jejunum (372.87 µm control, 432.53 µm 45,000 U/kg, 465.80 µm 90,000 U/kg, 491.28 µm 135,000 U/kg, p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation also linearly increased faecal butyrate levels and had a quadratic relationship with propionate concentrations. 135,000 U/kg xylanase also reduced ammonia emissions. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with xylanase improved growth performance and feed efficiency in weaning piglets, likely driven by improvements to gut structure and function.
Nuclear reaction uncertainties, massive gravitino decays and the cosmological lithium problem

We consider the effects of uncertainties in nuclear reaction rates on the cosmological constraints on the decays of unstable particles during or after Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). We identify the nuclear reactions due to non-thermal hadrons that are the most important in perturbing standard BBN, then quantify the uncertainties in these reactions and in the resulting light-element abundances. These results also indicate the key nuclear processes for which improved cross section data would allow different light-element abundances to be determined more accurately, thereby making possible more precise probes of BBN and evaluations of the cosmological constraints on unstable particles. Applying this analysis to models with unstable gravitinos decaying into neutralinos, we calculate the likelihood function for the light-element abundances measured currently, taking into account the current experimental errors in the determinations of the relevant nuclear reaction rates. We find a region of the gravitino mass and abundance in which the abundances of deuterium, 4 He and 7 Li may be fit with � 2 = 5.5, compared with � 2 = 31.7 if the effects of gravitino decays are unimportant. The best-fit solution is improved to � 2 � 2.0 when the lithium abundance is taken from globular cluster data. Some such re-evaluation of the observed light-element abundances and/or nuclear reaction rates would be needed if this region of gravitino parameters is to provide a complete solution to the cosmological 7 Li problem.
On the dynamics of clouds in the broad-line region of AGNs with an ADAF atmosphere

We investigate orbital motion of spherical, pressure-confined clouds in the broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The combined influence of gravity of the central object and the non-isotropic radiation of the central source are taking into account. While most of the previous studies assume that the pressure of the intercloud gaseous component is proportional to a power-law function of the radial coordinate, we generalize it to a case where the external pressure depends on both the radial distance and the latitudinal angle. Our prescribed pressure profile determines the radius and the column density of BLR clouds as a function of their location. We also discuss about stability of the orbits and a condition for the existence of bound orbits is obtained. We found that BLR clouds tend to populate the equatorial regions more than other parts simply because of the stability considerations. Although this finding is obtained for a particular pressure profile, we think, this result is valid as long as the pressure distribution of the intercloud medium decreases from the equator to the pole.
THE MASS OF THE CANDIDATE EXOPLANET COMPANION TO HD 136118 FROM HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ASTROMETRY AND HIGH-PRECISION RADIAL VELOCITIES

We use Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensor astrometry and high-cadence radial velocities for HD 136118 from the Hobby–Eberly Telescope with archival data from Lick to determine the complete set of orbital parameters for HD 136118 b. We find an orbital inclination for the candidate exoplanet of ib = 163. °1 ± 3. °0. This establishes the actual mass of the object, Mb = 42+11−18 MJ, in contrast to the minimum mass determined from the radial velocity data only, Mbsin i ∼ 12 MJ. Therefore, the low-mass companion to HD 136118 is now identified as a likely brown dwarf residing in the “brown dwarf desert. ”
Evaluating and Optimizing VIIRS Retrievals of Chlorophyll-a and Suspended Particulate Matter in Turbid Lakes Using a Machine Learning Approach

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument was launched to continue the legacy of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Despite recent studies demonstrating the use of VIIRS observations over inland waters, VIIRS has not been widely used to generate water quality products [e.g., chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)] in relatively large turbid lakes. This study examines the quality of VIIRS-derived remote sensing reflectance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) from four different atmospheric-correction processors with matchups from 13 lakes sized between 107 and 2573 km2 across the eastern plain of China. The operational <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> products from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) outperformed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> retrieved from other state-of-the-art algorithms with mean uncertainties of 57%, 33%, 20%, and 28% for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (486), <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (551), <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (671), and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (745), respectively. These uncertainties induced ~55% uncertainty in satellite-retrieved SPM and Chl-a from recently developed algorithms in the studied lakes. To improve accuracy in Chl-a and SPM retrievals, a deep neural network was developed for simultaneous retrievals of Chl-a and SPM from VIIRS Rayleigh-corrected reflectance. The model with satisfactory accuracy (mean uncertainties of 28% for Chl-a and 20% for SPM) outperformed other machine learning approaches and nearly halved uncertainties compared to those obtained from satellite-derived <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\mathrm {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> products. Within the 2012–2020 period, high-quality VIIRS-derived Chl-a and SPM across 61 lakes in eastern China had evident interannual variability in SPM but insignificant temporal variations in Chl-a. This study provides validated, high-quality, basin-scale VIIRS-derived Chl-a and SPM products in eastern China over the past decade. Our results offer a strategy for improving regional water quality products from VIIRS observations.
A Census of Symbiotic Stars in the 2MASS, WISE, and Gaia Surveys

We present a new census of Galactic and extragalactic symbiotic stars (SySts). This compilation contains 323 known and 87 candidate SySts. Of the confirmed SySts, 257 are Galactic and 66 extragalactic. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 348 sources have been constructed using 2MASS and AllWISE data. Regarding the Galactic SySts, 74% are S types, 13% D, and 3.5% D′. S types show an SED peak between 0.8 and 1.7 μm, whereas D types show a peak at longer wavelengths between 2 and 4 μm. D′ types, on the other hand, display a nearly flat profile. Gaia distances and effective temperatures are also presented. According to their Gaia distances, S types are found to be members of both thin and thick Galactic disk populations, while S+IR and D types are mainly thin disk sources. Gaia temperatures show a reasonable agreement with the temperatures derived from SEDs within their uncertainties. A new census of the O vi λ6830 Raman-scattered line in SySts is also presented. From a sample of 298 SySts with available optical spectra, 55% are found to emit the line. No significant preference is found among the different types. The report of the O vi λ6830 Raman-scattered line in non-SySts is also discussed as well as the correlation between the Raman-scattered O vi line and X-ray emission. We conclude that the presence of the O vi Raman-scattered line still provides a strong criterion for identifying a source as a SySt.
Transformations between 2MASS, SDSS and BVI photometric systems for late-type giants

We present colour transformations from Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometric system to Johnson-Cousins system and to Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) system for late-type giants and vice versa. The giant star sample was formed using surface gravity constraints ($2 < \log g \leq 3$) to Cayrel de Strobel et al.\rq s (2001) spectroscopic catalogue. 2MASS, SDSS and Johnson-Cousins photometric data was taken from Cutri et al. (2003), Ofek (2008) and van Leeuwen (2007), respectively. The final sample was refined applying the following steps: (1) the data were dereddened, (2) the sample stars selected are of the highest photometric quality. We give two--colour dependent transformations as a function of metallicity as well as independent of metallicity. The transformations provide absolute magnitudes and distance determinations which can be used in space density evaluations at relatively short distances where some or all of the SDSS magnitudes of late-type giants are saturated.
Accretion and Ejection in Black-Hole X-Ray Transients

A rich phenomenology has been accumulated over the years regarding accretion and ejection in black-hole X-ray transients (BHTs). Here we summarize the current observational picture of the outbursts of BHTs, based on the evolution traced in a hardness – luminosity diagram (HLD), and we offer a physical interpretation with two assumptions, easily justifiable. The first is that the mass-accretion rate to the black hole in a BHT outburst has a generic bell-shaped form. This is guaranteed by the observational fact that all BHTs start their outburst and end it at the quiescent state, i.e., at very low accretion rate. The second assumption is that at low accretion rates the accretion flow is geometrically thick, ADAF-like, while at high accretion rates it is geometrically thin. Both, at the beginning and the end of an outburst, a strong poloidal magnetic field develops locally in the ADAF-like part of the accretion flow, and this explains naturally why a jet is always present in the right part of the HLD. “Memory” of the system explains naturally why BHTs traverse the q-shaped curves in the HLD always in the counterclockwise direction and that no BHT is expected to ever traverse the entire curve in the clockwise direction. The only parameter in our picture is the accretion rate.