Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANDROID DESIGNED MALWARE DETECTION CHALLENGES: A FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION

Statistically, Android is the most targeted mobile platform when it comes to malicious application. As a result, Android malware detection has become one of the sizing topics in the domain of mobile security. As the researchers focusing on developing a new approach to detect and fight Android malware, there are always a recent report exhibiting cases of Android malware. Multiple motivations cause mobile malware writers to continuously develop an application with malware. Their intentions are to gain access to the private network and to collect sensitive data. This paper categories type of mobile malware. Furthermore, the types of mobile malware that often attacks android’s users are discussed. Then, fundamental techniques usually implement to detect mobile malware are deliberated. Basic techniques such as Static, Dynamic and Hybrid analysis are explained in the section. Finally, open issues on detecting and evaluating Android designed malware presented as a guideline for future research directions.
Assimilation of NDVI data in a land surface – Vegetation model for leaf area index predictions in a tree-grass ecosystem

ABSTRACT Periodic observations of vegetation index, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), can be used for data assimilation in heterogenous ecosystems. Indeed, the new Sentinel 2 Multispectral instrument and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager sensor data are available at such high temporal and spatial resolutions that can be used to detect the patches of the main vegetation components (grass and trees) of heterogenous ecosystems, and capture their dynamics. We demonstrate the possibility to merge grass and tree NDVI observations and models, to optimally provide robust predictions of grass and tree leaf area index. The proposed assimilation approach assimilates NDVI data through the Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and dynamically calibrates a key vegetation dynamic model parameter, the maintenance respiration coefficient (ma ). In the presence of large bias of the grass and tree ma base values, only the use of the proposed assimilation approach removes the large bias in the biomass balance, dynamically calibrating maintenance respiration coefficients, and corrects the model. The performance of a land surface – vegetation model was improved by assimilating observations of NDVI. The effective impact of the proposed assimilation approach on the evapotranspiration and CO2 uptake predictions in the heterogenous ecosystem is also demonstrated.
Alternative to Conventional Solutions in the Development of Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts for Application in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: A Review

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) represents promising technology for the generation of high-purity hydrogen using electricity generated from renewable energy sources (solar and wind). Currently, benchmark catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions in PEMWE are highly dispersed carbon-supported Pt-based materials. In order for this technology to be used on a large scale and be market competitive, it is highly desirable to better understand its performance and reduce the production costs associated with the use of expensive noble metal cathodes. The development of non-noble metal cathodes poses a major challenge for scientists, as their electrocatalytic activity still does not exceed the performance of the benchmark carbon-supported Pt. Therefore, many published works deal with the use of platinum group materials, but in reduced quantities (below 0.5 mg cm−2). These Pd-, Ru-, and Rh-based electrodes are highly efficient in hydrogen production and have the potential for large-scale application. Nevertheless, great progress is needed in the field of water electrolysis to improve the activity and stability of the developed catalysts, especially in the context of industrial applications. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present all the process features related to the hydrogen evolution mechanism in water electrolysis, with a focus on PEMWE, and to provide an outlook on recently developed novel electrocatalysts that could be used as cathode materials in PEMWE in the future. Non-noble metal options consisting of transition metal sulfides, phosphides, and carbides, as well as alternatives with reduced noble metals content, will be presented in detail. In addition, the paper provides a brief overview of the application of PEMWE systems at the European level and related initiatives that promote green hydrogen production.
Investigating the influence of elevated temperature on nutritional and yield characteristics of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes during seed filling in a controlled environment

Rising temperatures impact different developmental stages of summer crops like mung bean, particularly during the crucial seed-filling stage. This study focused on two mung bean genotypes, categorized as heat-tolerant [HT] or heat-sensitive [HS]. These genotypes were grown in pots in an outdoor natural environment (average day/night temperature 36°C/24.3°C) until the onset of podding (40 days after sowing) and subsequently relocated to controlled-environment walk-in growth chambers for exposure to heat stress (42°C/30°C) or control conditions (35°C/25°C) until maturity. For all measured attributes, heat stress had a more pronounced effect on the HS genotype than on the HT genotype. Heat-stressed plants exhibited severe leaf damage, including membrane damage, reduced chlorophyll content, diminished chlorophyll fluorescence, and decreased leaf water content. Heat stress impeded the seed-filling rate and duration, decreasing starch, protein, fat, and mineral contents, with a notable decline in storage proteins. Heat stress disrupted the activities of several seed enzymes, inhibiting starch and sucrose accumulation and consequently decreasing individual seed weights and seed weight plant−1. This study revealed that heat stress during seed filling severely impaired mung bean seed yield and nutritional quality due to its impact on various stress-related traits in leaves and enzyme activities in seeds. Moreover, this research identified potential mechanisms related to heat tolerance in genotypes with contrasting heat sensitivity.
Extinctions in near time : causes, contexts, and consequences

1 * Cretaceous Meteor Showers, the Human Ecological "Niche," and the Sixth Extinction. - 2 * Prehistoric Extinctions on Islands and Continents. - 3 * The Interaction of Humans, Megaherbivores, and Habitats in the Late Pleistocene Extinction Event. - 4 * The Power of Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherers: Forward and Backward Searching for Evidence about Mammoth Extinction. - 5 * A Comparison of Methods for the Probabilistic Determination of Vertebrate Extinction Chronologies. - 6 * Putting North America's End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction in Context: Large-Scale Analyses of Spatial Patterns, Extinction Rates, and Size Distributions. - 7 * Rates, Patterns, and Processes of Landscape Transformation and Extinction in Madagascar. - 8 * Extinctions and Local Disappearances of Vertebrates in the Western Mediterranean Islands. - 9 * Introduced Predators and Avifaunal Extinction in New Zealand. - 10 * Late Quaternary Extinctions in Australasia: An Overview. - 11 * Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions: A European Perspective. - 12 * The Quiet Crisis: A Preliminary Listing of the Freshwater Fishes of the World that Are Extinct or "Missing in Action". - 13 * Requiem Aeternam: The Last Five Hundred Years of Mammalian Species Extinctions. - Systematic Index. - General Index.
Comparison of Chemical Composition, Quality, and Muscle Fiber Characteristics between Cull Sows and Commercial Pigs: The Relationship between Pork Quality Based on Muscle Fiber Characteristics

Abstract This study aims to compare the chemical composition, quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of cull sows and commercial pigs, investigating the effect of changes in muscle fiber characteristics on pork quality. The proximate composition, color, pH, water-holding capacity (drip loss and cooking loss), protein solubility, total collagen content, and muscle fiber characteristics of cull sows (n=20) and commercial pigs (n=20) pork were compared. No significant differences were found between cull sows and commercial pigs in terms of proximate composition, drip loss, protein solubility, or total collagen content of their meat (p<0.05). However, cull sow pork exhibited a red color and a higher pH (p<0.05). This appears to be the result of changes in muscle fiber number and area composition (p<0.05). Cull sow meat also displayed better water-holding capacity as evident in a smaller cooking loss (p<0.05), which may be related to an increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area (p<0.05). In conclusion, muscle fiber composition influences the pork quality; cull sow pork retains more moisture when cooked, resulting in minimal physical loss during processing and can offer more processing suitability.
Medical Costs in Patients with Hyperkalemia on Long-Term Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Therapy: The RECOGNIZE II Study

Purpose Hyperkalemia, defined as abnormally high serum potassium levels of ≥5.1 mmol/L, is associated with increased medical costs. This real-world study evaluated the impact of long-term sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) therapy on medical costs in patients with hyperkalemia. Patients and Methods This retrospective, comparative study used claims data from IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus. Patients aged ≥18 years with hyperkalemia who had outpatient SZC fills (>3-month supply over 6 months) between July 2019 and December 2021 and continuous insurance coverage 6 months before and 6 months after the first SZC fill were included. These patients (SZC cohort) were 1:1 exact- and propensity score-matched on baseline variables with patients with hyperkalemia who did not receive SZC (non-SZC cohort). The primary endpoint was hyperkalemia-related medical costs to payers over 6 months. Results Each cohort included 661 matched patients. Mean per-patient hyperkalemia-related medical costs were reduced by 49.5% ($3728.47) for the SZC versus non-SZC cohort ($3798.04 vs $7526.51; P<0.001), whereas mean all-cause medical costs were reduced by 21.0% ($5492.20; $20,722.23 vs $26,214.43; P<0.01). A 39.8% ($3621.03) increase in all-cause pharmacy costs ($12,727.20 vs $9106.17; P<0.01) was offset by the medical cost savings. Conclusion This study demonstrated that long-term (>3 months) outpatient treatment with SZC was associated with medical cost savings compared with no SZC therapy.
Spontaneous miscarriage/abortion in the first trimester and expectant management – a meta-analysis approach

Introduction To determine effectiveness and side effects of expectant care in first-trimester miscarriage. An increase in the spontaneous miscarriage rate and its associated complications exerts a burden on the overall health and quality of life of women. Expectant care in a first-trimester miscarriage has shown success ranging 75–80%. This study was designed to search the literature for information on the clinical safety and effectiveness of expectant management on spontaneous miscarriage during the first trimester. Material and methods The review included studies that included women in expectant care for spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester. Trial studies were recognized through a methodical and organized database search from PubMed, COCHRANE, MEDLINE, Embase, and bibliography from January 2000 until December 2022. The methodological assessment and risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Results Eleven studies in systematic review and 7 studies in the meta-analysis were included. The included studies showed a low to moderate risk of bias. The odds of success in expectant intervention were low when compared with surgical intervention (odds ratio – OR: OR: 0.37 [0.28, 0.48]) and medical management (OR: 0.47 [0.36, 0.61]), and the need for surgical evacuation was high (OR: 2.59 [1.88, 3.59]). Conclusions Future trials should consider women’s opinions and the effect on quality of life along with clinical consequences, to provide improved suggestions on the efficiency and adverse effects.
A Review of CLT-based Empirical Research on Climate Change Communication from 2010 to 2021

ABSTRACT One major challenge in communicating climate change to the public is the prevailing perception of it as a psychologically distant and abstract issue, which often leads to a lack of action. To tackle this challenge, environmental scholars and professionals have employed Construal Level Theory (CLT) to reduce the psychological distance associated with climate change and foster a more immediate and tangible perception of its risks. This study presents a comprehensive review of empirical research conducted between 2010 and 2021 that examines climate change communication within the framework of CLT. The analysis encompasses 68 articles, and the review uncovers a significant research gap. While reducing psychological distance to climate change appears to enhance awareness and concern about the issue, it does not consistently translate into climate engagement, such as pro-environmental intentions or behaviors. The study explores potential explanations for this gap and suggests future research directions to address this issue effectively.
Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems

Characterizing the Distribution System: Microbial Issues Distribution System Habitats Distribution Water Temperature Trends Water Supply Transient Time Operational Factors Joint Responsibility for Water Quality Creating Microbial Quality in Drinking Water Raw Source Microbial Composition Microbial Control through Treatment Water Supply Storage and Distribution Building Plumbing Networks Attachment Devices Biological Profiles in Drinking Water Primary Microbial Groups Free-Living Amoeba and Macroinvertebrates: Protectors and Amplifiers of Bacteria Opportunistic Organisms and the Water Supply Connection Biofilms in Water Distribution Systems Characterizing Biofilm Nutrients: A Case for Biological Instability of Water Supply Water Temperature Stimulation Physical Status of Pipe Sediments Scenarios for Undetected Coliform Passages Evaluating the Public Health Significance of Biofilm Characterizing Microbial Quality in Water Supply Introduction Heterotrophic Bacteria Coliform Detection Substitute Criteria: A Word of Caution Nuisance Organisms Infrastructure Construction Acceptance Laboratory Credibility through Certification Monitoring Strategies to Characterize Water Quality Introduction Evaluating the Strategy Sample Collection and Sample Stability in Transit Special Considerations - Small Systems Networks Large System Characteristics Consolidated Systems Coliform Occurrences in Compliance Monitoring Special Purpose Monitoring Microbial Breakthroughs in Changing Source, Treatment, or Supply Parameters Introduction Factoring Source Water Characteristics Plant Operating Practices Treatment Modifications Disinfection Alternatives Impacts on Distribution Water Quality Waterborne Pathogen Invasions: A Case for Water Quality Protection in Distribution Characterizing Freshwater Quality Waterborne Pathogenic Agents Utilizing Multiple Barriers to Pathogen Passage Waterborne Pathogen Invasions: Case History Examples Pathogen Search in Waterborne Outbreaks In Retrospect - Municipal Sewage Collection Systems Stormwater Runoff Non-Metered Service Unaccounted Water Losses Water Storage Tank Structures System Flushing Distribution Residuals Water Pressure Responses to Microbial Quality Changes in Water Supply Distribution Laboratory Assistance Initial Action Responses Persistent Non-Compliance Response Sanitary Survey Approach Searching for Risks in Water Supply In Retrospect Public Awareness of Water Quality Problems Public Perception of Health Risks in Water Supply Mass Media and Public Awareness A Study of Media Attention to Technical Reality Public Relations Programs Public Awareness: What Have We Learned? Appendix: Field Investigation Check List Index
Research on Tobacco Retail Point Layout in Guanshanhu District, Guizhou Province Based on Transportation Accessibility

Guizhou tobacco planting has a long history, thanks to Guizhou's superior climate, soil and other ecological conditions and rich planting experience, laid an important position of Guizhou tobacco in China's tobacco industry, tobacco industry is Guizhou's traditional advantageous industry, but also an important pillar industry, in the economic and social development of Guizhou Province plays an irreplaceable important role, Guanshanhu District is the key work area of Guizhou Tobacco Company to arrange tobacco sales related service configuration, so for the existing tobacco network layout system in Guanshanhu District. Through the spatial layout, traffic accessibility analysis under the conditions of surrounding basic transportation facilities, and the construction of traffic time isochronous circles, the following optimization suggestions are given for the traffic layout: 1. Adjust the density of outlets to improve the efficiency of services; 2 Considering a variety of factors to help increase tobacco sales; 3.Regularly evaluate and adjust the layout; 4 Consider regional characteristics.
Geo-visualizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ learning outcomes: Evidence from grade 5 students

The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unprecedented impacts on school education. Despite improvements in school enrolment numbers, students’ performance on learning outcomes lagged, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study visualizes the geographical disparity in student learning outcomes across various Indian districts pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. The map visualizes that only a sample of districts in a few Indian states enlarged students’ learning outcomes in proportion to the number of children. Furthermore, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic weaken students' learning outcomes at the district level. This knowledge is essential for the policymakers to implement the most effective monitoring systems and strategies for improving the student’s learning outcomes.
Effects of light- vs. heavy-load squat training on velocity, strength, power, and total mechanical work in recreationally trained men and women

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of light and heavy loads in the squat exercise on kinematics and mechanical variables in recreationally trained men and women. Twenty-two men and sixteen women were assigned to 4 groups: 40% and 80% one-repetition maximum (1RM) male (M40 and M80) and female (F40 and F80). Over 6 weeks, participants performed twice a week the full back-squat (SQ) exercise with initially equated relative volume load (Sets*Repetitions/Set*%1RM). All groups performed different amounts of work (p < 0.05), while relative work (work/1RM) only differed between load groups (p < 0.001). There was no significant Time*Sex*Load interaction. Based on the magnitude of effect sizes: M80 achieved small improvements in the SQ maximum isometric force (MIF; ES = 0.43, 95% CI [0.16, 0.81]); small gains in squat estimated 1RM strength were observed in the 80%-1RM groups (M80: 0.42 [0.18, 0.77]; F80: 0.44 [0.26, 0.76]) and the F40 group (0.42 [0.17, 0.81]); all groups made moderate to large gains in the average velocity attained against heavy loads (> 60%1RM; F40: 1.20 [0.52, 2.27]; F80: 2.20 [1.23, 3.93]; M40: 0.85 [0.29, 1.59]; M80: 1.03 [0.55, 1.77]), as well as small to moderate improvements in the average velocity against light loads (< 60%1RM; F40: 0.49[-0.24, 1.68]; F80: 1.10 [0.06, 3.16]; M40: 0.80 [0.41, 1.35]; M80: 0.93 [0.25, 1.84]). Lastly, only the F40 group showed small improvements in countermovement jump (CMJ) height (ES = 0.65 [0.14, 1.37]). In conclusion, light and heavy loads produced similar strength gains in men and women when initially equated by relative volume load, although the standardized mean differences suggest nuances depending on the sample and task.
An Unusual Presentation of Occult Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma as Acalculous Cholecystitis With Widespread Liver Metastasis

Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, often classified as small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) type, is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with early metastatic potential that can lead to unexpected patient presentations. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with worsening right upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for the past several days. The clinical picture and the workup, including the complete metabolic panel and complete blood count, were highly suggestive of acute cholecystitis with transaminitis and direct hyperbilirubinemia. The ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography of the abdomen revealed a diffusely hyperdense and hypertrophic liver without evidence of choledocholithiasis. After initial resuscitation, the patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative findings were consistent with diffuse miliary liver metastatic disease of unknown etiology, rigid liver parenchyma, an extremely frail gallbladder wall, and mild ascites. A biopsy of the liver and cholecystectomy were performed. The final pathology revealed metastatic SCLC to the liver and widespread intravascular tumor emboli, causing diffuse ischemia of the entire gallbladder wall. The patient’s postoperative course was marked by the development of foudroyant liver insufficiency and worsening severe type B lactic acidosis.
Biology of Mesothelin and Clinical Implications: A Review of Existing Literature

Since its discovery in 1992, mesothelin (MSLN) has generated significant interest as a therapeutic target. A number of characteristics make it ideal for this purpose. First, it is not expressed on the parenchyma of any vital organs. Second, it is differentially expressed on a number of cancer types that have relatively poor prognosis and lack effective systemic options. Third, it is expressed on the cell membrane making it accessible to large molecule targeted therapies. However, unlike other drug targets that have been exploited for therapeutic benefit, the precise function of MSLN, why it is expressed in certain cancers, and its biological role have not been clearly elucidated. Here the existing literature on the cellular function and expression patterns of MSLN across tumor types is reviewed in order to gain further understanding of this intriguing molecule. In doing so, we conclude that there remains significant ambiguity surrounding its function and role in cellular and tumor biology. Furthermore, the expression of MSLN and its relation of prognosis seems to depend on the type of tumor. Finally, the unified mechanism by which MSLN acts as a protein that conveys tumor aggressiveness remains elusive. What is clear is that there is much yet to be discovered in this realm and doing so may have large implications for treatment of otherwise lethal malignancies.