Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antistress activity of Cassia auriculata seed extract

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the anti-stress activity of Cassia auriculata ethanolic seed extract in mice. Methodology: The anti-stress effect was evaluated by using Elevated plus maze (EPM), Force swimming test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The ECS at a doses (250,500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) and standard (diazepam 2 mg/kg i.p and fluoxetine 20 mg/kg i.p) was administered. Results: The extract showed the increased in the number of entries and time spent in open arm in Elevated plus maze and decreased in the immobility time in both Force swimming test and Tail suspension test. Conclusion: The effect of ESC on animal behavior was concordant with a significant regulation of GABA and stress hormones. Therefore, this study was attempted to demonstrate the preventive potential of ECS against stress disorders at in vivo levels
ST ] 2 O ct 2 01 5 Model Selection and Multiple Testing-A Bayes and Empirical Bayes Overview and some New Results

We provide a brief overview of both Bayes and classical model selection. We argue tentatively that model selection has at least two major goals, that of finding the correct model or predicting well, and that in general both these goals may not be achieved in an optimum manner by a single model selection rule. We discuss, briefly but critically, through a study of well-known model selection rules like AIC, BIC, DIC and Lasso, how these different goals are pursued in each paradigm. We introduce some new definitions of consistency, results and conjectures about consistency in high dimensional model selection problems. Finally we discuss some new or recent results in Full Bayes and Empirical Bayes multiple testing, and crossvalidation. We show that when the number of parameters tends to infinity at a smaller rate than sample size, then it is best from the point of view of consistency to use most of the data for inference and only a negligible proportion to make an improper prior proper.
Inhibition of p 38 MAPK activity in B-NHL Raji cells by treatment with engineered CD 20-specific T cells

Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells expressing CD20-specific chimeric T-cell receptors is a promising approach to lymphoma therapy. However, modification of the cellular signaling pathways in target tumor cells by treatment with engineered CD20-specific T cells has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Raji cell line was co-cultured with T cells that were genetically modified with anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3ζ or anti-CD20scFvFc gene. The cytolytic activity of engineered CD20-specific T cells and IL-10 secretion was quantitated by Cytotoxicity and ELISA assays, respectively. The engineered CD20-specific T cells and Raji cells were sorted using flow cytomety for the Western blot analysis. Treatment of Raji cells with T cells genetically modified with anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3ζ chimera (compared to anti-CD20scFvFc) yielded a higher cytotoxicity against Raji cells in vitro. Additionally, we found that engineered CD20-specific T cells caused a decrease in IL-10 secretion and inhibition of phosphor-STAT3 and Bcl-2 expression in Raji cells, possibly through the down-regulation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB activity. These results indicate that the treatment of Raji cells with engineered CD20-specific T cells inhibited the cellular p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which enhanced its antitumor activities against CD20-positive tumor cells.
A European aerosol phenomenology-4 Cavalli , F . 2016-11

Although particulate organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) are important constituents of the suspended atmospheric particulate matter (PM), measurements of OC and EC are much less common and more uncertain than measurements of e.g. the ionic components of PM. In the framework of atmospheric research infrastructures supported by the European Union, actions have been undertaken to determine and mitigate sampling artefacts, and assess the comparability of OC and EC data obtained in a network of 10 atmospheric observatories across Europe. Positive sampling artefacts (from 0.4 to 2.8 mg C/m3) and analytical discrepancies (between 50% and þ40% for the EC/TC ratio) have been taken into account to generate a robust data set, from which we established the phenomenology of carbonaceous aerosols at
The Effect of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on the Disclosure of Internal Control Material Weaknesses

This research aims to examine the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms with particular reference to (board of director and audit committee (AC) characteristics) on the disclosure of internal control material weaknesses (ICMWs) in the Egyptian environment. Using a sample composed of 240 usable questionnaires were collected from a number of executive and financial officers, internal auditors, audit committee members in the Egyptian listed companies, and external auditors working in different-size audit firms. The statistical techniques used to test the hypotheses of this research are binary logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis test. The findings revealed that board of directors’ size, board of directors’ independence, board of directors’ diligence, audit committee size, and audit committee financial expertise have significant positive impact on the disclosure of ICMWs in the Egyptian environment. The results also found a significant negative effect of role duality on the disclosure of ICMWs in the Egyptian environment. However, no significant effect of audit committee independence on the disclosure of ICMWs has been found in the Egyptian environment. Overall, this research demonstrated that board of director and AC characteristics are crucial determinants of disclosure of ICMWs in the Egyptian setting Keyword : Internal Control Material Weaknesses (ICMWs); Audit Committee. ثحبلا صخلم : ةلثمتملا ةیلخادلا تاكرشلا ةمكوح تایلآ رثأ رابتخا ىف ثحبلا اذھل ىسیئرلا فدھلا لثمتی ىف ) ةعجارملا ةنجلو ةرادلإا سلجم نم لك صئاصخ ( ن نع حاصفلإا ىلع ةیرھوجلا فعضلا طاق ن م ة نیع ءارآ علاطت سا للا خ ن م ك لذو ةیرص ملا لا معلأا ة ئیب ى ف ة یلخادلا ة باقرلا ما ظن ى ف ةمھاسملا تاكرشلا ىف ةعجارملا ناجل ءاضعأ ،نییلخادلا نیعجارملا ،نییذیفنتلاو نییلاملا نییریدملا م ن م ة نیع ى لا ةفا ضلإاب ةیرصملا ةیلاملا قارولأا ةصروبب ةدیقملا ى ف نیلما علا تاباسحلا ى بقار مجحلا ةفلتخم ةعجارملاو ةبساحملا بتاكم . ىئانثلا ىتسجوللا رادحنلإا بولسأ نوثحابلا مدختسا دقلو ثحبلا ضورف رابتخلا سیلاو لاكسورك رابتخاو . و جو ى لإ ث حبلا ل صوت د قلو ةرادلإا س لجم م جح ن م ل ك نی ب ىدر ط ىو نعم ر ثأ د ، ،ة عجارملا ة نجل م جح ،ةرادلإا سلجم ءاضعأ عامتجا تارم ددع ،ةرادلإا سلجم ءاضعأ ةیللاقتسا ةعجارملا ةنجل ءاضعلأ ةیلاملا ةربخلا حاص فلإا ى لع ة عجارملا ة نجل ءاضعأ عامتجا تارم ددع ، ةباقرلا ماظن ىف ةیرھوجلا فعضلا طاقن نع ةیرصملا لامعلأا ةئیب ىف ةیلخادلا . ثحبلا لصوت امنیب ىسكع ىونعم رثأ دوجو ىلإ لل حاصفلإا ىلع بدتنملا وضعلاو ةرادلاا سلجم سیئرل جودزملا رود ةیرصملا لامعلأا ةئیب ىف ةیلخادلا ةباقرلا ماظن ىف ةیرھوجلا فعضلا طاقن نع . لصوتی م ل نكلو یللاقت سلإ ىو نعمرثأ دوجو ىلا ثحبلا فعض لا طا قن نع حاص فلإا ى لع ة عجارملا ة نجل ءاضعأ ة ةیرصملا لامعلأا ةئیب ىف ةیلخادلا ةباقرلا ماظن ىف ةیرھوجلا . ثحبلا اذ ھ جئا تن ریش ت ما ع لكش بو حاص فلإل ةی ساسلأا تادد حملا ن م ىھ ةعجارملا ةنجل صئاصخو ةرادلإا سلجم صئاصخ نأ ىلإ ةباقرلا ماظن ىف ةیرھوجلا فعضلا طاقن نع ةئیب ىف ةیلخادلا امعلأا ةیرصملا ل . Dr. Aly Mogahed & Dr. Ayman Sabry & Hadeer Metwally The Effect of Internal Corporate Governance ( 3 ) ةرصاعملا ةیراجتلا تاساردلا ةلجم ددعلا ربمسید سماخلا ٢٠١٨ م 1. The General Framework of Research. 1.
Charged particles transport in the Hall effect thruster

Plasma transport phenomena in the SPT and TAL Hall effect thrusters was a subject of many studies [1-2]. Despite this fact, the origin of a so-called anomalous transport is not understood to this date. As a result, in the theoretical and numerical models [3] researches assume ad-hoc cross-field diffusion coefficients, which may differ by several times from the classical Bohm result. To study the transport phenomenon we develop several models. The first model is 2dimensional in space (for axial and azimuthal directions), but 3-dimensional in velocity. A similar geometry was adopted in references [4-5], but we try to push the simulation to the realistic scale (several centimeters), while keeping the minimum spatial resolution on the order of the Debye length. The next model is 3D in space. Because of numerical limitation the geometry of the thruster is idealized. However, we will account for the radial inhomogeneity, including important wall effects like self-consistent sheath structure, etc. To overcome the limiting restrictions of the particles-in-cell method on spatial/temporal scales [6], we’ll try applying the implicit method [7] to the 3D simulations, to make simulations relevant to the Hall thruster plasma conditions. It is hoped that the numerical results will provide a better understanding of the anomalous transport in Hall thrusters due to the collective modes, shed light on the nature of the observed high-frequency oscillations, and give an incentive on how to suppress them.
The effect of moderate weight loss on echocardiographic parameters in obese female patients

Based on the data collected by KNOLL Hungary Ltd. in Hungary in 1999, 37% of the adult population is overweight while 23% is obese. Inappropriate diet containing excess calories and physical inactivity are responsible for these statistical values. In their former studies, the authors investigated the effects of different stages of obesity on the cardiovascular system, and have verified that even moderate obesity elicits pathological geometric and functional changes in the heart. In the present study, effect of a half-year-long life-style modification program on the morphologic and functional characteristics of the heart was investigated in twenty-one obese women. Life-style modification contained a diet with reduced energy uptake (1000–1300 Cal/day) and a regular physical training of minimum 3–4 hours weekly. By the end of the sixth month the weight loss was 5.1 kg (5.9%) on an average. There was a marked reduction in cardiac dimensions measured by echocardiography, with a very slight, non-significant decrease in left ventricular internal diameter, and a marked, significant reduction in the left ventricular wall thickness. Decrease of the left ventricular muscle mass exceeded the decrease of body weight. A marked elevation was found in the E/A quotient that reflected a definite improvement in diastolic function. Results indicate that physical training programs have a favourable effect on the echocardiographic parameters, therefore the process is reversible even without a pharmacological intervention.
University of Groningen On facilitation between herbivores

Brown hares (Lepus europaeus) are shown to facilitate grazing by Brent Geese (Branta bernicla) in a temperate salt marsh in the Netherlands by retarding vegetation succession for . 25 yr. Winter grazing by hares prevented the shrub Atriplex portulacoides from spreading in younger parts of the salt marsh. Clipping experiments showed that Atriplex had poor recovery after removal of aboveground tissue, which makes Atriplex vulnerable for hare attack. Once Atriplex swards were cut to the ground to mimic hare grazing, Brent Geese visited those sites more than twice as frequently than untouched control plots. Goose visitation was reduced when bushes of Atriplex were planted. Large parts of the core feeding area of Brent Geese would be unsuitable for goose grazing if hares were not present. A reduction of at least 44% in the carrying capacity of the marsh for Brent Geese was calculated in the absence of hares. Vulnerability of Atriplex to hare grazing and the high food intake of geese are key elements to this facilitative pattern. Additionally, hares reduced the number of dead Artemisia maritima stems in grassy swards, which otherwise might have hampered grazing by geese. Facilitation by herbivores such as hare, rabbit, cattle, and sheep is likely to be a prominent factor enhancing feeding conditions for Brent Geese all along the northwest European coast.
SECOND ORDER SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER DESIGN WITH OPTIMUM CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION FOR QUADROTORS

Nowadays, small structured micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) with four-rotor appears in military and civilian applications. As the usage of these vehicles becomes widespread, the development of controller structures which allow the UAV’s to follow a specified trajectory precisely is a new area of interest for researchers. In this work, nonlinear mathematical model of a four-rotor UAV is obtained. In order to obtain the mathematical model of UAV Newton-Euler equations are used. In the trajectory tracking system of this vehicle, second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC) is designed. Inside of the controller, control process is divided into two subsystems in order to provide position and attitude control. SOSMC is applied to the fully actuated and under actuated subsystems individually. In the next step, coefficients of the SOSMC is determined with optimum characteristic equation. Based on the reference study, boundaries of the predefined characteristic equation is obtained. Later, appropriate values are observed. In final part, simulation results are obtained, and the results are compared with the reference study. As a result, Optimum Characteristic equation results proved its robustness according to the smaller steady state error and more precise flight performance in trajectory. In this study simulation results are obtained using Simulink/MATLAB environment.
REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS BY BIOSORPTION – AN OVERALL REVIEW

Decontamination of heavy metals in the soil and water around industrial plants has been a challenge for a long time. A number of efficient methods have been developed for the removal of heavy metals from liquid wastes such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating, ion exchange, membrane processes, etc. However, these methods has several disadvantages such as unpredictable metal ion removal, high reagent requirement, generation of toxic sludge, etc. The removal of heavy metals from our environment especially wastewater is now shifting from the use of conventional adsorbents to the use of biosorbents. Biosorption is a process, which represents a biotechnological innovation as well as a cost effective tool for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The pollutants of concern include uranium, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury, gold, silver, copper and nickel. These toxic materials may be derived from mining operations, refining ores, sludge disposal, fly ash from incinerators, the processing of radioactive materials, metal plating, or the manufacture of electrical equipment, pesticides or preservatives, paints, alloys, batteries. Hence, easy, effective, economic and ecofriendly techniques are required for fine-tuning of wastewater treatment. In this present review investigates that the bases for the biosorption, mechanism and its necessity for the removal of heavy metals. KEYWORDS:Biosorption, heavy metals, biosorbents, wastewater,Industrial effluents
NOISE REDUCTION USING FIR FILTER IN COCHLEAR IMPLANTS

The use of auditory models in cochlear implant speech processing strategies aims to improve cochlear implanter’s perception of speech. Current speech processing strategies for cochlear implants use an IIR filter bank which decomposes the audio signals into multiple frequency bands each associated with one electrode. It produces unstable output and also does not confer any solution for noise reduction. Noise causes severe effects in cochlear implants. The proposed method focuses on reduction of noises in cochlear implants. The aim of the proposed method is to reduce the noise in cochlear implants and improve the speech perception by using the FIR filter bank.The design consists of eight FIR filters with eight channels. Each channel contains different frequency bands. The filter bank designed is successfully tested using speech signal extracted from Noizeous corpus speech database.
Community conservation agreements in Indonesia ' s Lore

Protected areas may be established and maintained at the expense of local communities (‘fences & fines’), although attempts to block local land use can be fruitless (‘paper tigers’). Innovation in protected area policy has led to the involvement of communities in protected-area management (‘co-management’). This paper aims to predict and study the emergence of such negotiated agreements to share the management of as well as the benefits from forest. First, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding roles of co-management interventions. Second, we bring to our derived hypotheses unique panel data collected from a co-management policy implemented in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia. The results broadly support our model predictions, although there is mixed evidence in some cases, possibly due to the fact that our relatively rough data proxies often correlate with several model parameters. PRELIMINARY DRAFT SUBJECT TO REVISION
a including the snack on blood glucose

Short-term effects of a low glycemic index carob containing snack on energy 1 intake, satiety and glycemic response in normal-weight, healthy adults. Results 2 from two randomized-trials. The potential positive health effects of carob containing snacks are largely unknown. Therefore, two studies were conducted to 1.firstly determine the glycemic index (GI) 38 of a carob-snack compared to chocolate cookie containing equal amounts of available 39 carbohydrates and 2.compare the effects of a carob vs. chocolate cookie preload 40 consumed as snack before a meal on (a) short-term satiety response measured by 41 subsequent ad libitum meal intake, (b) subjective satiety as assessed by visual 42 analogue scales (VAS), and (c) postprandial glycemic response. The carob snack led to increased satiety, lower energy intake at meal and decreased 61 post-meal glycemic response possibly due to its low GI value. Identifying foods that 62 promote satiety and decrease glycemic response without increasing the overall energy 63 intake may offer advantages to body weight and glycemic control. The energy and macronutrient content of the preloads were analyzed at the laboratory of food quality control and hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens. The nutritional value of 100g of carob flour is the following: 222 kcal (929 kJ), 89 g total carbohydrates, 49 g sugars, 40 g dietary fiber, 5 g proteins, 1 g fat, 0 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat, 0 mg cholesterol, 35 mg sodium, 35% calcium, 16% iron.
The Trades Union Congress 150 years on: a review of the organising challenges and responses to the changing nature of work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is, to reflect on how the UK’s Trade Union Congress, in the 150 year of its formation, has been responding to the significant changes in the labour market, working practices and union decline. The paper considers TUC initiatives to recruit and organise new groups of workers as it struggles to adapt to the new world of work many workers are experiencing. Although the paper reviews progress in this regard it also considers current and future challenges all of which are becoming increasingly urgent as the current cohort of union membership is aging and presents a demographic time bomb unless new strategies and tactics are adopted to bring in new groups of workers –particularly younger workers. Design/methodology/approach – This is a review paper so it mainly draws on writings (both academic and practitioner) on trade union strategy and tactics in relations to organising approaches and in particularly the TUC’s initiatives from the period of ‘New Unionism’ onwards. Findings – We note that while unions have managed to retain a presence in workplaces and industries where they membership and recognition, there has, despite a ‘turn to organising’ been less success than was perhaps hoped for when new organising initiatives were introduced in 1998. In order to expand the bases of organisation into new workplaces and in new constituencies there needs to be a move away from the ‘institutional sclerosis’ that has prevented unions adapting to the changing nature of employment and the labour market restructuring. The paper concludes that in order to effect transformative change requires leaders to develop strategic capacity and innovation among staff and the wider union membership. This may require unions to rethink the way that they operate and be open to doing thing radically different. Originality/value – The paper’s value is that it provides a comprehensive overview of the TUC’s role in attempting to inject an organising culture with the UK union movement by drawing out some of the key debates on this topic from both scholarly and practitioner writings over the last few decades.
Targeting the apicoplast in malaria 1 2

12 Malaria continues to be one of the leading causes of human mortality in the world, and 13 the therapies available are insufficient for eradication. Malaria is caused by the 14 apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium. Apicomplexan parasites, including the 15 Plasmodium spp. , are descendants of photosynthetic algae, and therefore they possess 16 an essential plastid organelle, named the apicoplast. Since humans and animals have no 17 plastids, the apicoplast is an attractive target for drug development. Indeed, after its 18 discovery, the apicoplast was found to host the target pathways of some known 19 antimalarial drugs, which motivated efforts for further research into its biological 20 functions and biogenesis. Initially, many apicoplast inhibitions were found to result in 21 “delayed death”, whereby parasite killing is seen only at the end of one invasion-egress 22 cycle. This slow action is not in line with the current standard for antimalarials, which 23 seeded scepticism about the potential of compounds targeting apicoplast functions as 24 good candidates for drug development. However, recent evidence that highlights 25 apicoplast inhibitors that result in the rapid killing, put this organelle back in the 26 spotlight. We provide an overview of drugs known to inhibit apicoplast pathways, 27 alongside recent findings in apicoplast biology that may provide new avenues for drug 28