Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of School Administrators in the Implementation of Early Years Education Program in Khwisero Sub-County, Kenya

With the promulgation of the Kenya Constitution in 2010, the responsibility of Early Year’s Education (EYE) was delegated to county governments. This study, therefore, sought to find out the role of school administrators in the implementation of early childhood education programs in Khwisero sub-county, Kenya. The study used contextual interaction and supervision theories. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of this study consisted of 61 schools from the sub-county, 61 EYE teachers in charge, 61 head teachers, 67 assistant teachers, 61 parent representatives, 1 program officer, and 4 ward representatives from Khwisero Sub-County. From the results of the piloting, Cronbach reliability revealed that all constructs had a coefficient above 0.7, indicating that the instrument was reliable. Stratified random sampling was used in the selection of 10 schools, from which purposive sampling was used to select 10 head teachers, 10 teachers in charge, 1 program officer, and 4 ward representatives, while random sampling was used to select 50 assistant teachers. Instruments that were used to collect data were questionnaires and interview guides. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20, and the findings were presented in the form of frequency tables, bar graphs, and pie charts. From the findings, there was a moderately positive and significant correlation between the role of administrators in teacher supervision and program implementation (r =0.542, p<.05). This implies that the role of administrators enhanced program implementation among ECDE schools in schools in Khwisero Sub County in Kakamega. Therefore, it can be concluded that school administrators' role has a positive effect on the implementation of programs in these schools. Under program and instruction, the respondents noted that they concentrated on ensuring that teachers were following the laid-out program. Under schemes of work, the respondents noted that they observed the time the schemes were prepared. On the issue of records of work covered, the respondents noted that they look at how teachers keep and update their records. On teaching and learning facilities, the respondents noted that they check how teachers handle teaching aids. Teacher supervision practices were effective. In addition, school administrators had many roles in teacher supervision. The study concluded that school administrators have a big role to play in schools and therefore recommended that they should be supported to accomplish their role. Future research is to be done in other sub-counties to compare the findings.
Recreational fisheries : ecological, economic, and social evaluation

List of Contributors. Series Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1 Fishing For Fun: Whata s The Catch? 2 Recreational Fishing: Value Is In The Eye Of The Beholder. 3 Economic Evaluation Of Recreational Fishery Policies. 4 Recreational And Commercial Fishers In The Namibian Silver Kob Fishery. 5 Projecting Recreational Fishing Participation. 6 Catch--And--Release Recreational Fishing: A Historical Perspective. 7 Controversy Over Catch--And--Release Recreational Fishing In Europe. 8 Maintaining Quality In Recreational Fisheries: How Success Breeds Failure In Management Of Open--Access Sport Fisheries. 9 The Importance of Angler Motivations in Sport Fishery Management. 10 Evaluating Recreational Fishing In Germany. 11 A Survey of The Economic Value of Nordic Recreational Fisheries. 12 An Evaluation of Recreational Fishing In England And Wales. 13 Valuation And Policy in Alaskan Sport Fisheries. 14 Evaluating Marine Sport Fisheries in South Africa. 15 New Large--Scale Survey Methods for Evaluating Sport Fisheries in the USA. 16 Rvaluating the Marine Recreational Fishery in South Africa. 17 The Next Chapter. Multicultural and Cross--Disciplinary Progress in Evaluating Recreational Fisheries. Index.
Signalling or Pecking Order Theory: An Evidence From Mining and Energy Sector

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of asymmetric information on capital structure decisions. Theoretical framework: The perspective of the Pecking Order Theory (POT) suggests that managers are more informed about new investments than shareholders, making external financing issuance more prone to asymmetric information. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected from companies in the mining or energy sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2007 to 2022, resulting in 647 observation units. Growth opportunities were proxied by total sales (Lang et al., 1996), and the debt ratio was used to measure capital structure decisions (Myers & Majluf, 1984). OLS regression was employed to determine the impact of growth opportunities on capital structure decisions. Findings: Annual sales are sufficiently increased, companies send positive signals, leading to the issuance of more debt than equity (Akerlof, 1970; S. Ross, 1977; S. A. Ross, 2005). Companies follow the financing hierarchy when annual sales are lower than the signaling mechanism. Research, practical & social implications: Facts and empirical evidence have challenged the signaling and pecking order theories, leading to significant debates. The obligation of financial disclosure has resulted in a reduction of asymmetric information, consequently leading to an increase (decrease) in annual sales, which in turn causes a decrease (increase) in the debt ratio. Originality/Value: The value of the study was extended in Indonesia with abundant of natural resource (energy and mining).
Robust Metric Localization in Autonomous Driving via Doppler Compensation With Single-Chip Radar

Metric localization is vital to autonomous driving where it corrects cumulative errors in a long-term run. Such errors are inevitable in real scenarios where GPS signals or some other drift-free exteroceptive measurements are not available, e.g., when an automobile goes through a tunnel. Using FMCW-based mmWave radars is an attractive metric localization technique with improved robustness as RF signals can traverse small particles in harsh weather conditions like snowing, foggy, and storming, but it faces a fundamental challenge of Doppler distortion. Existing works take spatial constraints to mitigate the Doppler distortion of point clouds from mechanical radars with limited accuracy. Modern single-chip mmWave radars that provide dynamic estimates, i.e., radial velocities, bring new opportunities to develop more accurate approaches. This paper presents DC-Loc++, a robust metric localization framework by compensating Doppler distortions using a single-chip mmWave radar. It consists of an explicit velocity-assisted Doppler compensation module for each radar sub-map, an uncertainty-aware metric registration algorithm, and a failure recovery method that validates measurement constraints to generate a more confident pose graph for optimizing vehicle poses. Extensive experiments on both nuScenes dataset and a synthetic CARLA dataset show the effectiveness of DC-Loc++, achieving 99.2% success rate and more than 20.0%, 30.2% error reductions in terms of translation and rotation estimates, respectively, compared with existing approaches.
Development of Accurate Model for Memristor-Based Filters and Oscillators: Amplitude, Frequency and Ramp-Rate Dependent Analysis

The utilization of memristors in analog circuits has been significantly enhanced through the development of various models, namely linear-ion drift, non-linear-ion drift, Simmons tunnel barrier, ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor, and Voltage ThrEshold Adaptive Memristor (VTEAM) models. These models have been instrumental in improving the effectiveness and functionality of memristors in analog circuit applications. The utilization of Joglekar, Biolek, Prodromakis, and Kvatinsky window functions has been employed to investigate the ideal behavior of memristors. In order to facilitate the advancement of analog circuits employing memristors; it is imperative that proposed models must exhibit certain essential characteristics, including amplitude-dependent, frequency-dependent, and ramp-rate dependent behavior. The applicability of the VTEAM model in conjunction with the Biolek window function for describing amplitude variation, as well as the Prodromakis model for describing ramp-rate dependent behavior, is demonstrated in this brief. In addition, we have provided analysis on the choice of circuitry for window functions in combination with VTEAM models. We specifically investigated the design of analog filters with low-pass and high-pass characteristics, and have found that the utilization of the Joglekar window function and Prodromakis window function yields superior filter performance, respectively. Subsequently, an op-amp based phase-shift oscillator was designed with the proposed memristor model.
A Systematic Survey of Control Techniques and Applications: From Autonomous Vehicles to Connected and Automated Vehicles

—Vehicle control is one of the most critical challenges in autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and it is paramount in vehicle safety, passenger comfort, transportation efﬁciency, and energy saving. This survey attempts to provide a comprehensive and thorough overview of the current state of vehicle control technology, focusing on the evolution from vehicle state estimation and trajectory tracking control in AVs at the microscopic level to collaborative control in CAVs at the macroscopic level. First, this review starts with vehicle key state estimation, speciﬁcally vehicle sideslip angle, which is the most pivotal state for vehicle trajectory control, to discuss representative approaches. Then, we present symbolic vehicle trajectory tracking control approaches for AVs. On top of that, we further review the collaborative control frameworks for CAVs and corresponding applications. Finally, this survey concludes with a discussion of future research directions and the challenges. This survey aims to provide a contextualized and in-depth look at state of the art in vehicle control for AVs and CAVs, identifying critical areas of focus and pointing out the potential areas for further exploration.
Genotypic Comparison of Pasteurella multocida from Healthy Animals at Entry to the Feedlots with That and from Bovine Respiratory Disease-Affected Animals during the Fattening Period

Simple Summary Pasteurella multocida can be found as a commensal resident in the nasopharynx of healthy calves but is considered one of the major bacterial pathogens contributing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). We compared the genetic characteristics of P. multocida recovered from apparently healthy animals (n = 74) at the time of entry to the feedlot with isolates from animals affected by BRD during the fattening period (n = 32) using different molecular techniques (capsular and LPS typing, as well as PFGE). The genomes of a subset of 14 P. multocida isolates identified in clinically and non-clinically affected calves were sequenced, and in silico analysis of multilocus sequence types, virulence-associated genes, and antimicrobial resistance genes was carried out. These isolates of P. multocida belonged mainly to sequence types ST79 and ST13, but ST80 was also identified. Isolates were further compared with the genome sequences available in the NCBI genome database of 53 P. multocida isolates of ST13, ST79, and ST80 from different geographical locations for a global comparison. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the possible genotypic differences between commensal Pasteurella multocida isolates from apparently healthy animals (AHA) at the time of entry to feedlots and those from BRD-affected animals (BRD-AA). A total of 20 batches of beef calves in seven feedlots were followed-up during the fattening period. P. multocida was isolated from 28.1% of AHA and 22.9% of BRD-AA. All isolates belonged to the A: L3 genotype. Most isolates from clinical cases (81.0%) grouped into a PFGE cluster were significantly associated with BRD cases (OR, 24.9; 95% CI, 6.4–96.2). The whole genomes of 14 isolates representative of the pulsotypes most frequently detected in BRD-AA and AHA were sequenced and compared with 53 bovine genomes belonging to the identified ST13, ST79, and ST80 genotypes for a global comparison. No differences were found in the virulence-associated gene content between sequence types (STs) globally or between BRD-AA and AHA isolates in this study. Significantly, ST79 isolates harbored ARGs, conferring resistance to different antimicrobials, including macrolides and tetracyclines, which are commonly used for the treatment of BRD. Two Spanish ST79 isolates carried an ICE highly similar to ICE Tn7407, which was recently detected in Germany, suggesting that ST79 P. multocida isolates in Europe and North America may be associated with different ICEs.
Sociological Analysis Of “Dari Paris” A Short Story by Harris Effendi Thahar

This article aims to describe the social reality that occurs in society. This reality is reflected in the short story Dari Paris by Harris Effedi Thahar. The theory used in this study is the theory of literary sociology with a mimetic approach. The short story Dari Paris by Harris Effendi Thahar is interesting to study because it tells about the village’s social life phenomenon. The data analysis technique starts from the literary text and reveals its social factors, then examines the community's social factors, which are the story's topic. The results of the analysis show that the short story Dari Paris is a short story that successfully reveals the social reality of society which is illustrated by family and community relations. As a reflection of socio-cultural reality, this short story is in Hoggart's opinion that literary works help to retell what writers think about a society’s values. Every literary work is born from a process of the author's sensitivity to the values ​​adopted by the surrounding community. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan realitas sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Realitas ini tercermin dalam cerpen Dari Paris karya Harris Effedi Thahar. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori sosiologi sastra dengan pendekatan mimetik. Cerpen Dari Paris karya Harris Effendi Thahar menarik untuk dikaji karena menceritakan tentang fenomena kehidupan masyarakat desa. Teknik analisis data dimulai dari teks sastra dan mengungkap faktor sosialnya, kemudian mengkaji faktor sosial masyarakat yang menjadi topik cerita. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa cerpen Dari Paris merupakan cerpen yang berhasil mengungkapkan realitas sosial masyarakat yang digambarkan dengan hubungan keluarga dan masyarakat. Sebagai cerminan realitas sosial budaya, cerpen ini menurut Hoggart berpendapat bahwa karya sastra membantu menceritakan kembali apa yang dipikirkan pengarang tentang nilai-nilai masyarakat. Setiap karya sastra lahir dari proses kepekaan pengarang terhadap nilai-nilai yang dianut masyarakat sekitar.
Theory And Practice Of Water And Wastewater Treatment

Chemistry aeo Basic Chemistry aeo The Thermodynamic Basis for Equilibrium aeo Acid--Base Chemistry aeo Organic and Biochemistry aeo Analysis and Constituents in Water Microorganisms in Water and Water Quality aeo Microbiology aeo Water, Wastes, and Disease aeo Water Components and Quality Standards Water and Wastewater Treatment aeo Water and Wastewater Treatment Operations aeo Mass Balances and Hydraulic Flow Regimes Physical--Chemical Treatment Processes aeo Screening and Sedimentation aeo Mass Transfer and Aeration aeo Coagulation and Flocculation aeo Filtration aeo Physical--Chemical Treatment for Dissolved Constituents aeo Disinfection Biological Wastewater Treatment aeo Aerobic Biological Treatment aeo Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment aeo Treatment in Ponds, Land Systems, and Wetlands aeo Sludge Processing and Land Application aeo Effluent Disposal in Natural Waters Appendix Index
War on women

South African men have declared war on women, a statement expressing the fight against gender-based violence (GBV). Some argue that such a statement is unfair towards men who still respect the right to health and safety of women in society, while others argue that the roots of this war find their basis in disaster patriarchy. Disaster patriarchy is a process whereby men exploit a crisis to reassert control and dominance, erase women’s rights, women lose their safety, economic power, autonomy, and education and are pushed to the frontlines unprotected. The question is, what does the term “war” have to do with the fight against GBV; how does it find its roots in patriarchy; what can be done to bring this war to an end; and what are the practical theological tools needed to fight and end this war? The study is done from a Classical Pentecostal perspective, focusing specifically on the position of the Apostolic Faith Mission on war, their deliberations on patriarchy and GBV, and what role Pentecostal congregations can play to end this war. The study offers an analysis of patriarchy that serves as a basis for the war on women, engagement with the national GBV plan and its implementation by religious actors, especially Pentecostal congregations, and proposes a humanizing pneumatological approach that recognizes the human rights of those affected by the war and how to strengthen their agency and resilience. The study follows a comparative literature approach and is done using an interdisciplinary lens, consulting literature from the fields of theology, sociology, law and philosophy.
An Integral Cybersecurity Approach Using a Many-Objective Optimization Strategy

Data networks and computing devices have experienced exponential growth. Within a short span of time, they have opened new digital frontiers while also bringing forth new threats. These threats have the potential to increase costs and disrupt regular operations. Choosing a cybersecurity plan to address these threats requires balancing direct and indirect costs against the benefits of implementation and subsequent operation. In this study, we propose an efficient strategy for designing networking topologies by incorporating a Security Information and Event Management System. This system consists of a central server and Network Intrusion Detection Sensors, which gather data and promptly transmit information regarding suspicious activities to the server. The server then takes immediate action in case of incidents. To determine the optimal number and placement of sensors, a many-objective optimization approach is employed. The problem is mathematically modeled using linear programming. To solve the optimization problem, swarm intelligence techniques such as the particle swarm optimizer, the bat algorithm, and the black hole method are utilized. Various test scenarios were created by presenting low, medium, and complex instances of conventional networks. The results obtained using the black hole bio-inspired algorithm were particularly satisfying, surpassing the performance and resolution of the other methods.
Comprehensive Performance and Robustness Analysis of Expander-Based Data Centers

Data center networks have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. These networks are scaling up quickly with the explosive nature of current applications. Lately, a lot of efforts have been exerted to improve the performance of these networks compared to the often performance-lagging standard Clos-based topologies. One of the approaches for performance improvement is to use alternative data center network topologies. Consequently, researchers explored topologies based on Expander Graphs (EGs), such as Jellyfish, Xpander, and STRAT, where they exploited the sparse and incremental nature of these new topologies. This paper investigates the STructured Re-Arranged Topology (STRAT) as a potentially robust and efficient design for next-generation data centers. Robustness and throughput metrics are adopted to benchmark the performance of STRAT against the well-known Expander architectures, which show better performance than that of present topologies, (e.g., Fat-Tree, BCube). This paper shows that STRAT has better structural properties than Jellyfish and Xpander, making it more robust to switch and link failures. Specifically, STRAT possesses lower average shortest path length and diameter, higher spectral gap, and higher algebraic connectivity. These exceptional properties allow STRAT to achieve better throughput. Such observations are validated through extensive flow and packet level simulations, demonstrating STRAT’s superior performance in terms of the flow completion time as compared to other Expanders.
Plasmaspheric High‐Frequency Whistlers as a Candidate Cause of Shock Aurora at Earth

Auroral brightening driven by interplanetary shocks on Earth's closed magnetic field lines is commonly attributed to the 0.1–10 keV electron precipitations by electron cyclotron harmonic waves and whistler‐mode chorus waves in the low‐density region. In contrast, we propose here a new candidate driver, high‐frequency whistlers in the high‐density plasmasphere. Theoretical calculations predict the comparable abilities of whistler‐mode waves with sufficiently high frequencies inside the plasmasphere and chorus waves outside to produce auroral electron precipitations. Such expected waves are further verified to exist following an interplanetary shock. The shock perpendicularly accelerated source electrons inside the plasmasphere and then produced strong high‐frequency whistler‐mode waves. These waves appeared as a hybrid of chorus and hiss in the frequency‐time spectrogram and probably resulted from a combination of linear and nonlinear instabilities. Our findings demonstrate that interplanetary shocks can promptly promote energy transfer toward the ionosphere from the inner high‐density magnetosphere.
What multigrid and Poisson do to one's image

htmlabstractThough the pun in the title is intended, it is not quite fair to Piet Wesseling as he is a person who promoted the development of multigrid to far more complicated equations than the Poisson equation. Instead, the title should be taken more literally as it truly relates to the contents of this note. It is shown that while multigrid is renowned for his efficiency in solving partial differential equations, integral equations and what not, it can also, maybe surprisingly, be used for the multiresolution of images.