Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Federated Meta Learning for Visual Navigation in GPS-denied Urban Airspace

Urban air mobility (UAM) is one of the most critical research areas which combines vehicle technology, infrastructure, communication, and air traffic management topics within its identical and novel requirement set. Navigation system requirements have become much more important to perform safe operations in urban environments in which these systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Although the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is a state-of-the-art solution to obtain position, navigation, and timing (PNT) information, it is necessary to design a redundant and GNSS-independent navigation system to support the localization process in GNSS-denied conditions. Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI)-based visual navigation solutions are widely used because of their robustness against challenging conditions such as low-texture and low-illumination situations. However, they have weak adaptability to new environments if the size of the dataset is not sufficient to train and validate the system. To address these problems, federated meta learning can help fast adaptation to new operation conditions with small dataset, but different visual sensor characteristics and adversarial attacks add considerable complexity in utilizing federated meta learning for navigation. Therefore, we proposed a robust-by-design Federated Meta Learning based visual odometry algorithm to improve pose estimation accuracy, dynamically adapt to various environments by using differentiable meta models and tunning its architecture to defense against cyber-attacks on the image data. In this proposed method, multiple learning loops (inner-loop and outer-loop) are dynamically generated. Each vehicle utilizes its collected visual data in different flight conditions to train its own neural network locally for a particular condition in the inner loops. Then, vehicles collaboratively train a global model in the outer loop which has generalizability across heterogeneous vehicles to enable lifelong learning. The inner loop is used to train a task-specific model based on local data, and the outer loop is to extract common features from similar tasks and optimize meta-model adaptability of similar tasks in navigation. Moreover, a detection model is designed by utilizing key characteristics in trained neural network model parameters to identify attacks.
Coseismic growth of basement-involved anticlines: The Northridge-Laramide connection

Seismogenic thrust faults in the Transverse Ranges of southern California may provide analogues for interpreting kinematic data from some Laramide anticlines in the southern Rocky Mountains. The 1994 Northridge earthquake (M w 6.7) occurred on a southwest-dipping blind thrust fault beneath the Transverse Ranges and resulted in incremental growth of a basement-involved fault-propagation fold. Analyses of geodetic data and aftershock focal mechanisms show that deformation of the hanging-wall block consisted of two major components: (1) a large-scale elastic strain, characterized by horizontal shortening normal to the fault and horizontal lengthening parallel to the fault, that was imposed by reverse slip on the underlying blind thrust during the main shock, and (2) postseismic cataclastic flow with a geometry comparable to the coseismic strain, including horizontal, fault-parallel lengthening of the hanging-wall block, which was accommodated at least in part by distributed aftershock activity. Fault- and fold-parallel lengthening strains similar to those observed during the Northridge earthquake have been obtained by inversion of fault-slip data from some Laramide basement-involved anticlines. The Northridge analogue suggests that distributed brittle faulting of the crystalline basement may reflect aftershock deformation during incremental growth of the Laramide folds. If so, then the Laramide structures provide examples, now exposed by erosion, of the mature internal structure of the active, basement-involved folds in the Transverse Ranges.
TAC-TIC use of tacrolimus-based regimens in lupus nephritis

Current guidelines do not mention tacrolimus (TAC) as a treatment option and no consensus has been reported on the role of TAC in lupus nephritis (LN). The present study aimed to guide clinical judgement on the use of TAC in patients with LN. A meta-analysis was performed for clinical studies investigating TAC regimens in LN on the basis of treatment target (induction or maintenance), concomitant immunosuppression and quality of the data. 23 clinical studies performed in patients with LN were identified: 6 case series, 9 cohort studies, 2 case-control studies and 6 randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Of the 6 RCTs, 5 RCTs investigated TAC regimens as induction treatment and 1 RCT as maintenance treatment. Five RCTs investigated TAC in combination with steroids and 2 TAC with mycophenolate plus steroids. All RCTs were performed in patients of Asian ethnicity. In a meta-analysis, TAC regimens achieved a significantly higher total response (relative risk (RR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34, p<0.05) and significantly higher complete response (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.77, p<0.05). The positive outcome was predominantly defined by the largest RCT investigating TAC with mycophenolate plus steroids. Regarding safety, the occurrence of leucopoenia was significantly lower, while the occurrence of increased creatine was higher. Clinical studies on TAC regimens for LN are limited to patients of Asian ethnicity and hampered by significant heterogeneity. The positive results on clinical efficacy of TAC as induction treatment in LN cannot be extrapolated beyond Asian patients with LN. Therefore, further confirmation in multiethnic, randomised trials is mandatory. Until then, TAC can be considered in selected patients with LN.
Monitoreo ecológico en bosques húmedos tropicales certificados en la RAAN, Nicaragua. Evaluación del impacto ecológico del manejo forestal

Fo to s: Y ad id O rd óñ ez . Actualmente no existe un nexo claro entre el monitoreo ecológico y los planes de manejo. Esto ha llevado a que los manejadores del bosque no cumplan con el objetivo principal del monitoreo dentro del contexto del manejo adaptativo: determinar la influencia de las actividades de manejo en los atributos ecológicos del bosque y, a partir de ello, modificar los enfoques del plan de manejo y contribuir a la sostenibilidad del proceso.
The Association of Tobacco Control Policies and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Hospital Admissions Data

Objective To evaluate the association of a nationwide comprehensive smoking ban (CSB) and tobacco tax increase (TTI) on the risk of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) in Panama for the period of 2006 – 2010 using hospital admissions data. Methods Data of AMI cases was gathered from public and private hospitals in the country for the period of January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010. The number of AMI cases was calculated on a monthly basis. The risk of AMI was estimated for the pre-CSB period (January 2006 to April 2008) and was used as a reference point. Three post-intervention periods were examined: (1) post-CSB from May 2008 to April 2009 (12 months); (2) post-CSB from May 2009 to November 2009 (7 months); and (3) post-TTI from December 2009 to December 2010 (13 months). Relative risks (RR) of AMI were estimated for each post intervention periods by using a Poisson regression model. Mortality registries for the country attributed to myocardial infarction (MI) were obtained from January 2001 to December 2012. The annual percentage change (APC) of the number of deaths from MI was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results A total sample size of 2191 AMI cases was selected (monthly mean number of cases 36.52±8.24 SD). Using the pre-CSB as a reference point (RR = 1.00), the relative risk of AMI during the first CSB period, the second CSB period and post-TTI were 0.982, 1.049, and 0.985, respectively. The APC of deaths from MI from January 2001 to April 2008 was 0.5%. From January 2001 to June 2010 the APC trend was 0.47% and from July 2010 to December 2012 the APC was –0.3%. Conclusions The implementation of a CSB and TTI in Panama were associated with a decrease in tobacco consumption and a reduction of the RR of AMI.
Shortwave radiative fluxes from MODIS: Model development and implementation

[1] A forward inference scheme driven with satellite-based information is developed to derive top of the atmosphere, surface, and atmospheric spectral shortwave radiative fluxes at global scale. The model takes into account all major atmospheric constituents, the characteristics of water and ice clouds, and the variation of cloud particle effective radius. The multilayered structure accounts for surface elevation effects and for the vertical distribution of the radiative fluxes. Spectral fluxes such as photosynthetically active radiation and near-infrared radiation can also be estimated. The model is implemented with products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor both on Terra and Aqua at 1° spatial resolution for a 3-year period (2003–2005) and at global scale. The derived surface fluxes are evaluated against the globally distributed Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) measurements and compared with products from independent sources. It is demonstrated that the twice a day MODIS-based estimates of daily radiative fluxes adjusted for the diurnal cycle and the ground observations have a correlation coefficient greater than 0.96, a relative root-mean-square error less than 18%, and a relative bias between 0 and 6% for BSRN sites located in the Antarctic, the Atlantic (islands), North America, Europe, and other continental sites.
Mémoire d'habilitation à diriger des recherches

Mon travail s'articule autour des problemes de satisfaction de contraintes (CSP) et de leurs extensions comme les problemes de contraintes quantifies (QCSP), la question essentielle etant de comprendre leur complexite. Ceux-ci peuvent etre vus comme des problemes de model-checking pour certains fragments de la logique du premier ordre. Dans le cas des CSP, Feder et Vardi ont propose la conjecture de la dichotomie, a savoir que chaque probleme CSP est soit facile (dans P) soit difficile (NP-complet). Dans le cas des QCSP, il n'existe pas encore de conjecture mature, mais une trichotomie entre P, NP-complet et Pspace-complet est envisageable.Mon manuscrit comporte deux parties.Une premiere partie porte sur la complexite du model checking pour les fragments syntaxiques de la logique du premier ordre et presente de maniere uniforme des polychotomies pour tous ces fragments sauf CSP et QCSP. Notre methodologie utilise trois ingredients : algebrique (correspondance de Galois pour apprehender l'expressivite d'un ensemble de relations), combinatoire (core generalise, i.e. sous-modele satisfaisant les meme formules pour le fragment etudie) et logique (relativisation de quantificateur(s)). En particulier, nous demontrons une tetrachotomie pour le fragment positif sans egalite de la logique du premier ordre qu'on peut voir comme une extension du QCSP pour laquelle on s'autorise la disjonction.La seconde partie porte sur des questions autour de la logique de Feder et Vardi. Cette logique est intimement liee a la classe des CSP de domaine fini: elle exhibe une dichotomie si, et seulement si, la conjecture de la dichotomie est vraie. Un probleme capture dans cette logique s'exprime en terme de motifs colories interdits ou encore comme un CSP de domaine infini etudies par Bodirsky. De plus, on peut decider lorsqu'il s'agit d'un CSP fini et l'inclusion de tels problemes. Dans le cas special ou ces problemes sont aussi du premier-ordre, on retrouve des questions similaires sous le nom de dualite par homomorphisme avec les travaux en combinatoire de Nesetril et. al. De tels problemes du premier ordre apparaissent aussi en logique lorsqu'on considere les problemes du premier ordre preserves par homomorphisme inverse (theoreme de preservation de Rossman). Ces resultats de combinatoire et de logique peuvent etre releves pour s'appliquer aux problemes de motifs interdits. En particulier, pour des classes de structures suffisamment peu denses, les problemes de motifs interdits sont des CSP de domaine fini.
Change in the Indonesian Throughflow with the climatic shift of 1976/77

A climate shift occurred in 1976 with Pacific equatorial temperatures experiencing a sharp rise and was first identified as a change in the background state of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. The associated weakening of easterly trade winds across the Pacific led to our hypothesis that the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) had also weakened. The change in volume transport of ITF before and after December 1975 was estimated using all the available subsurface temperature data on the IX1 expendable bathythermograph (XBT) line between Australia and Indonesia. Sea surface temperature (SST) rose by 1–2°C, which could be due to increased air‐sea heat flux and/or a change in regional circulation. A subsurface cooling in the main thermocline was attributed to a weakening of the Pacific trade winds. The South Equatorial Current (SEC) diminished in size and weakened in strength. The net westward volume transport between Australia and Indonesia showed a decrease of ∼2.5 Sverdrups, or 23%.
History of satellite missions and measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget (1957–1984)

We review here the history of satellite missions and their measurements of the earth radiation budget from the beginning of the space age until the present time. The survey emphasizes the early struggle to develop instrument systems to monitor reflected shortwave and emitted long-wave exitances from the earth and the problems associated with the interpretation of these observations from space. In some instances, valuable data sets were developed from satellite measurements whose instruments were not specifically designed for earth radiation budget observations. The effort of understanding the earth radiation budget has been the work of many people from different countries of the world, an effort of proud accomplishment.
O BATOLITO CALCIO-ALCALINO DE ALTO- K DA SERRA DA LAGOINHA, ESTADOS DO CEARÁ E PARAÍBA: COEXISTÊNCIA E MISTURA DE MAGMAS DIORÍTICOS COM MAGMAS QUARTZO MONZONÍTICOS A GRANÍTICOS

O batolito de Serra da Lagoinha (BSL) com area aflorante de 200 km 2 localiza-se na Provincia Borborema, no nordeste do Brasil, e intrude xistos e filitos na borda do cinturao de dobramentos Cachoeirinha-Salgueiro. O seu limite sul e definido por uma transcorrencia sinistrai (Boqueirao dos Cochos) de direcao NE-SW que conecta as megatranscorrencias dextrais de direcao E-W de Patos a norte e de Pernambuco a sul. No BSL foram identificados tres dominios litologicos: o felsico porfiritico composto por monzonitos, quartzo monzonitos, quartzo monzodioritos, granitos a granodioritos, com megacristais de K-feldspato ou com granulacao grossa; o K-diorito composto por biotita (quartzo) dioritos a tonalitos e o hibrido composto de monzonitos e biotita (quartzo) dioritos. As evidencias de campo mostram que estes dominios litologicos foram produzidos pela coexistencia e mistura de magmas de composicao dioritica ricos em potassio com magmas de composicao quartzo monzonitos a granitos potassicos. As rochas de composicao dioritica sao enriquecidas em Nb, Ba, e Zr e TRL em relacao as felsicas. Os padroes de ETR para as rochas maficas e felsicas sao semelhantes, enriquecidos em TRL em relacao aos TRP e com (La/Yb)N variando de 22,43 a 36,10 nas rochas felsicas e de 27,21 a 58,87 nas dioriticas. Geobarometro baseado em Air em anfibolio (Hollister et al 1987) mostra que a cristalizacao do anfibolio no BSL ocorreu a aproximadamente 4,5 kbar. Geotermometria com base na coexistencia de anfibolio e plagioclasio, Blundy & Holland (1990), fornece temperatura em torno de 742 ° C. Isotopos de Oxigenio em rocha total mostraram valores medios para as rochas maficas de δ O18 = + 7,9 permilSMOW e para as rochas felsicas de δ O18 = + 9,1 %OSMOW, sugerindo equilibrio isotopico atraves da coexistencia de magmas de fontes distintas ou processos de cristalizacao fracionada. Os valores obtidos atraves da correcao por quartzo para as rochas felsicas apresentaram, em media, δ O18 = + 9,2 %OSMOW. , sugerindo que os valores de δ O18 determinados em rocha total sao primarios. A sistematica de Sm-Nd mostra T(DM) de 1,78 e 1,70 Ga e eNd(600) de -l 1,5 e -10,2 para duas amostras felsicas porfiriticas e T(DM) de 1,78 Ga e eNd(600) de -11,15 para um K-diorito. Isto reflete uma fonte para o BSL formada essencialmente por material do manto litosferico de idade transamazonica (ca 2,0 Ga) com reduzida contribuicao de manto litosferico de idade Cariris Velhos (ca 1,0 Ga). Os dados geoquimicos obtidos para elementos maiores, tracos e terras raras para o BSL, associados as evidencias de campo, caracterizam diferentes etapas de interacao entre os magmas maficos e felsicos, evidenciando a predominância do processo de mistura de magmas de fontes distintas durante a evolucao do BSL.
Finding structure with randomness: Probabilistic algorithms for constructing approximate matrix decompositions

Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which demonstrates that randomization offers a powerful tool for performing low-rank matrix approximation. These techniques exploit modern computational architectures more fully than classical methods and open the possibility of dealing with truly massive data sets. This paper presents a modular framework for constructing randomized algorithms that compute partial matrix decompositions. These methods use random sampling to identify a subspace that captures most of the action of a matrix. The input matrix is then compressed---either explicitly or implicitly---to this subspace, and the reduced matrix is manipulated deterministically to obtain the desired low-rank factorization. In many cases, this approach beats its classical competitors in terms of accuracy, speed, and robustness. These claims are supported by extensive numerical experiments and a detailed error analysis.
Technical Report No . 2012-01 February 2012 THE MASKED SAMPLE COVARIANCE ESTIMATOR : AN ANALYSIS VIA THE MATRIX LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Covariance estimation becomes challenging in the regime where the number p of variables outstrips the number n of samples available to construct the estimate. One way to circumvent this problem is to assume that the covariance matrix is nearly sparse and to focus on estimating only the significant entries. To analyze this approach, Levina and Vershynin (2011) introduce a formalism called masked covariance estimation, where each entry of the sample covariance estimator is reweighed to reflect an a priori assessment of its importance. This paper provides a new analysis of the masked sample covariance estimator based on the matrix Laplace transform method. The main result applies to general subgaussian distributions. Specialized to the case of a Gaussian distribution, the theory offers qualitative improvements over earlier work. For example, the new results show that n = O(B log p) samples suffice to estimate a banded covariance matrix with bandwidth B up to a relative spectral-norm error, in contrast to the sample complexity n = O(B log p) obtained by Levina and Vershynin.
Late-Glacial Environmental Changes South of the Wisconsinan Terminal Moraine in the Eastern United States

Abstract Palynological analyses of two sediment cores, one 2.4 m long from northern Delaware, dated about 16,300 to 14,700 14C yr B.P., and one 1.8 m long from New Jersey just south of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine and dated about 13,600 to 12,500 14C yr B.P., give the first detailed evidence of vegetation in this area during these periods. The overall assemblages are similar to each other, with Picea and Pinus dominating the arboreal pollen and Poaceae and Cyperaceae the herbaceous flora. Nonarboreal pollen contributes about 30–50% of the total, indicating a very open vegetation or a mix of forest patches and open areas. Especially in Delaware, there is a diversity of other herbaceous pollen, including members of the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Ranunculaceae. The assemblages do not resemble current North American tundra or boreal forest assemblages; rather, they resemble assemblages characteristic of tundra on recently exposed land surfaces north of the Wisconsinan terminal moraine. The persistence of the assemblages for 1500–2000 years in late-glacial time suggests stable and cold climate during this time of glacier retreat.
Paracrine Interactions of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Stimulation Hormone in the Female Reproductive Tract have an Impact on Female Fertility

Thyroid disease often causes menstrual disturbances and infertility problems. Thyroid hormone (TH) acts through its receptors, transcription factors present in most cell types in the body. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates TH synthesis in the thyroid gland, but seems to have other functions as well in the female reproductive tract. The receptors of both TH and TSH increase in the receptive endometrium, suggesting that they are important for implantation, possible by influencing inflammatory mediators such as leukemia inhibitory factor. The roles of these receptors in the ovary need further studies. However, it is likely that the thyroid system is important for both follicular and embryo development. The association between thyroid disease and infertility indicate that TH and TSH affect the endometrium and ovary on the paracrine level.
Intensity variation and coherence of 3–6 day equatorial waves

Meridional wind oscillations of 3–6 day period are common in the equatorial lower stratosphere. Upper air data obtained from 32 equatorial stations, 1973–87, show that 70 mb wave intensity over the Maritime continent varied annually with largest amplitude in NH late winter and spring, but the seasonal cycle of intensity was not uniform in the tropics. Time series of meridional velocity and its spatial coherence suggest that 70 mb wave packets were local in longitude and episodic in time.