Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Karakterisasi Kimia dan Efek Hipoglikemik Beras Analog Berbahan Dasar Jagung, Sorgum, dan Sagu Aren

Rice analogue is an alternative food similar to rice which is made from other sources of carbohydrate apart from rice. This research was aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) value and chemical characteristic (total phenolics content and dietary fiber) of rice analogues made from: (1) corn, sorghum, and arenga starch (rice analogue A): (2) corn and arenga starch (rice analogue B). GI was tested in human blood samples and was determined by the comparison of curve area between food sample (analogues rice) and standard (25 g glucose) which was equivalent to 25 g of carbohydrates. The GI values of Rice analogue A and B were 47,09 and 52,31 respectively. Both were considered as low GI foods. The low GI values were due to the phenolic compounds and dietary fiber contained in the rice analoguesAnalogue rice was an alternative food similar to rice which is made from carbohydrate sources beside of paddy. This research were aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) value and to quantify chemical characterization (total phenolics content and dietary fiber) of analogues rice made from 1) corn, sorghum, and arenga starch (analogue rice A) and 2) corn and arenga starch (analogue rice B). GI was tested by human blood samples and determined by area under the curve for test food (analogues rice) which is equivalent to 25 grams of carbohydrates and area under the curve for the reference food (25 grams of glucose) compared. Analogue rice A has 47.09 GI value, whilst analogue rice B has 52.31 GI value. Both were grouped into low GI food . A low GI value was due to the phenols compounds and dietary fiber contained in the analogues rice. ABSTRAK Beras analog merupakan pangan alternatif mirip beras yang dibuat dari sumber karbohidrat selain padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai indeks glikemik (IG) dan karakterisasi kimia (total fenolik dan serat pangan) pada beras analog berbahan baku: (1) jagung, sorgum, dan sagu aren (beras analog A); (2) jagung dan sagu aren (beras analog B). Pengujian IG menggunakan sampel darah manusia dan ditentukan dengan membandingkan luas area kurva antara sampel pangan (beras analog) dan standar (25 g glukosa) yang setara dengan 25 g karbohidrat. Beras analog A memiliki nilai IG sebesar 47,09, sedangkan beras analog B memiliki IG sebesar 52,31. Kedua beras analog termasuk dalam kategori pangan IG rendah. Rendahnya nilai IG dikarenakan adanya komponen fenol dan serat pangan yang terkandung pada beras analog. test
Posturography as a biomarker of intravenous immunoglobulin efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Imbalance is a common feature of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) exerts clinical benefit in CIDP, including improving balance, although objective markers of efficacy are lacking. Posturography is an established objective marker of balance; therefore, this study aimed to determine the utility of posturography as an objective marker of treatment efficacy in CIDP.
Expression of the foraging gene in adult Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract The foraging gene in Drosophila melanogaster, which encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase, is a highly conserved, complex gene with multiple pleiotropic behavioral and physiological functions in both the larval and adult fly. Adult foraging expression is less well characterized than in the larva. We characterized foraging expression in the brain, gastric system, and reproductive systems using a T2A-Gal4 gene-trap allele. In the brain, foraging expression appears to be restricted to multiple sub-types of glia. This glial-specific cellular localization of foraging was supported by single-cell transcriptomic atlases of the adult brain. foraging is extensively expressed in most cell types in the gastric and reproductive systems. We then mapped multiple cis-regulatory elements responsible for parts of the observed expression patterns by a nested cloned promoter-Gal4 analysis. The mapped cis-regulatory elements were consistently modular when comparing the larval and adult expression patterns. These new data using the T2A-Gal4 gene-trap and cloned foraging promoter fusion GAL4’s are discussed with respect to previous work using an anti-FOR antibody, which we show here to be non-specific. Future studies of foraging’s function will consider roles for glial subtypes and peripheral tissues (gastric and reproductive systems) in foraging’s pleiotropic behavioral and physiological effects.
The U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase PalPUB79 positively regulates ABA‐dependent drought tolerance via ubiquitination of PalWRKY77 in Populus

Summary The abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway is involved in the plant response to osmotic stress caused by drought and/or salinity. Although the ABA signalling pathway has been elucidated in Arabidopsis, it remains elusive in woody poplars. In this study, genome‐wide analyses of U‐box genes in poplars revealed that a U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase gene, PalPUB79, is significantly induced following drought, salinity and ABA signalling. PalPUB79 overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic poplars, while PalPUB79 RNAi lines were more sensitive to drought. PalPUB79 positively regulated ABA signalling pathway. Furthermore, PalPUB79 interacted with PalWRKY77, a negative transcriptional regulator of ABA signalling, and mediated its ubiquitination for degradation, therefore counteracting its inhibitory effect on PalRD26 transcription. However, the finding that PalWRKY77 negatively regulates PalPUB79 expression was indicative of a negative feedback loop between PalWRKY77 and PalPUB79 during ABA signalling in poplar. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism through which PalPUB79 enhances the ABA‐mediated stress response in woody poplars.
A Critical Analysis of Representations of Inequalities in Childhood Obesity in Australian Health Policy Documents

Background: In Australia, childhood obesity follows a socioeconomic gradient whereby children with lower socioeconomic position are disproportionately burdened. To reduce these inequalities in childhood obesity requires a multi-component policy-driven response. Action to address health issues is underpinned by the ways in which they are represented as ‘problems’ in public policy. This study critically examines representations of inequalities in childhood obesity within Australian health policy documents published between 2000-2019. Methods: Australia’s federal, state and territory government health department websites were searched for health policy documents including healthy weight, obesity, healthy eating, food and nutrition strategies; child and youth health strategies; and broader health and wellbeing, prevention and health promotion policies that proposed objectives or strategies for childhood obesity prevention. Thematic analysis of eligible documents was guided by a theoretical framework informed by problematization theory, ecological systems theory, and theoretical principles for equity in health policy. Results: Eighteen policy documents were eligible for inclusion. The dominant representation of inequalities in childhood obesity was one of individual responsibility. The social determinants of inequalities in childhood obesity were acknowledged, yet policy actions predominantly focused on individual determinants. Equity was positioned as a principle of policy documents but was seldom mentioned in policy actions. Conclusion: Current representations of inequalities in childhood obesity in Australian health policy documents do not adequately address the underlying causes of health inequities. In order to reduce inequalities in childhood obesity future policies will need greater focus on health equity and the social determinants of health (SDoH).
HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley.

The transition to the reproductive phase, inflorescence formation and flower development are crucial elements that ensure maximum reproductive success in a plant's life cycle. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying correct flower development in barley (Hordeum vulgare) we characterised the multiovary 5 (mov5.o) mutant. This mutant develops abnormal flowers that exhibit mosaic floral organs typified by multiple carpels at the total or partial expense of stamens. Genetic mapping positioned mov5 on the long arm of chromosome 2H, incorporating a region that encodes HvLFY, the barley orthologue of LEAFY from Arabidopsis. Sequencing revealed that in mov5.o plants, HvLFY contains a single amino acid substitution in a highly conserved proline residue. CRISPR-mediated knockout of HvLFY replicated the mov5.o phenotype, suggesting that HvLFYmov5 represents a loss of function allele. In heterologous assays, the HvLFYmov5 polymorphism influenced protein-protein interactions and affinity for a putative binding site in the promoter of HvMADS58, a C-class MADS-box gene. Moreover, molecular analysis indicated that HvLFY interacts with HvUFO and regulates the expression of floral homeotic genes including HvMADS2, HvMADS4 and HvMADS16. Other distinct changes in expression differ from those reported in the rice LFY mutants apo2/rfl, suggesting LFY function in the grasses is modulated in a species-specific manner. This pathway provides a key entry point for the study of LFY function and multiple ovary formation in barley, as well as cereal species in general.
Prevalence and Correlates of US Adult Public Opinion on Restricting Junk Food Advertising to Children on Social Media: 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey.

OBJECTIVE To describe US adults' levels of support, neutrality, and opposition to restricting junk food advertising to children on social media and explore associations with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. DESIGN In 2020-2021, we used cross-sectional data from the National Cancer Institute's 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey to estimate the prevalence of opinions toward advertising restrictions, and correlates of neutrality and opposition using weighted multivariable logistic regression. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18+ years. RESULTS Among the analytic sample (n=2852), 54% of adults were neutral or opposed to junk food advertising restrictions on social media. The odds of being neutral or opposed were higher among Non-Hispanic Black adults (vs non-Hispanic White; OR: 2.03 (95% CI: 1.26, 3.26)); those completing some college (OR: 1.68 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.34)) or high school or less (OR: 2.62 (95% CI: 1.74, 3.96)) (vs those with a college degree); those who were overweight (vs normal weight; OR: 1.42 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.93)); and those reporting a moderate (OR: 1.45 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.88)) or conservative (OR: 1.71 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.35)) political viewpoint (vs liberal). Having strong (vs weaker) weight and diet-related cancer beliefs was associated with 53% lower odds of being neutral or opposed to advertising restrictions (OR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.61)). CONCLUSIONS This study identified subgroups of US adults for whom targeted communication strategies may increase support for policies to improve children's food environment.
Bayesian transfer learning between autoregressive inference tasks

Bayesian transfer learning typically relies on a complete stochastic dependence speciﬁcation between source and target learners which allows the opportunity for Bayesian conditioning. We advocate that any requirement for the design or assumption of a full model between target and sources is a restrictive form of transfer learning. Motivated to identify a knowledge transfer strategy which does not require any model assumptions/design, this document identiﬁes a transfer learning scheme via adoption of the Fully Probabilistic Design (FPD) distributional design framework. More speciﬁcally, this document approaches transfer learning in a distributed autoregressive setting where multiple source learners provide a target learner knowledge in the form of a distribution at each time step. We investigate the feasibility of using parameter knowledge transfer over the more typical data prediction transfer but ﬁnds no convincing method to do so. Motivated by a desire to achieve robustness to negative transfer, we propose a binary “ obstinate ” acceptance criterion describing when the target inference task should accept or reject source knowledge. Experimentation was conducted using Monte Carlo simulations with artiﬁcially generated parameters. Results showed good performance with the transfer learning algorithm providing an increase in predictive power over the isolated learner scenario. Interestingly, results are independent of the source inference task’s generative model variance when considering the mean absolute error metric. When considering a more atypical and novel metric, the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the targets one step ahead data predictor and the true generative function, results show that increasing source variance reduces the prediction capabilities of target inference machine with negative transfer becoming possible for high variance values. Experiments on food stuﬀs price economic data was also conducted which showed modest improvements of food price prediction power when adopting the FPD transfer learning algorithm (with and without adoption of obstinate acceptance criterion).
Comparative biomechanics of the Pan and Macaca mandibles during mastication: finite element modelling of loading, deformation and strain regimes

The mechanical behaviour of the mandibles of Pan and Macaca during mastication was compared using finite element modelling. Muscle forces were calculated using species-specific measures of physiological cross-sectional area and scaled using electromyographic estimates of muscle recruitment in Macaca. Loading regimes were compared using moments acting on the mandible and strain regimes were qualitatively compared using maps of principal, shear and axial strains. The enlarged and more vertically oriented temporalis and superficial masseter muscles of Pan result in larger sagittal and transverse bending moments on both working and balancing sides, and larger anteroposterior twisting moments on the working side. The mandible of Pan experiences higher principal strain magnitudes in the ramus and mandibular prominence, higher transverse shear strains in the top of the symphyseal region and working-side corpus, and a predominance of sagittal bending-related strains in the balancing-side mandible. This study lays the foundation for a broader comparative study of Hominidae mandibular mechanics in extant and fossil hominids using finite element modelling. Pan's larger and more vertical masseter and temporalis may make it a more suitable model for hominid mandibular biomechanics than Macaca.
Vegetation patterns and structuring processes in coastal shell-beds at Akerøya, Hvaler, SE Norway.

Abstract The vegetation of shell-beds is studied in an island on the coast of Skagerak, SE Norway. Within this restricted area 125 sample plots, 1 m2 each, were distributed by a restricted random procedure. Frequency in subplots and percentage cover were used for estimation of species abundance. A set of 33 environmental variables was obtained from each sample plot. Ecological gradients corresponding to the main vegetational gradients are identified by means of DCA ordination results correlated with environmental data. DCA ordination results are further interpreted by the use of an earlier classification of the vegetation and by application of Grime’s strategy concept. The following complex gradients were recognized: ( 1) the primary successional gradient, influenced by variables dependent on site age, e.g. elevation, distance from the sea, and rate of decomposition of mollusc shells, (2) the secondary successional gradient, from open meadow vegetation via open shrub vegetation to dense shrub vegetation, highly correlated with variables independent of site age, e.g intensity of grazing, (3) the nutrient availability gradient, and (4) the soil moisture gradient. Interpretation of relations between coenoclines and environmental variables was performed by Kendall rank correlation and relationships among ecological variables analysed by PCA ordination. Direct gradient analysis by rh-DCCA is used as a supplement to DCA. The ratio between the rh-DCCA eigenvalue of the first ordination axis and the corresponding eigenvalue of the first residual (unconstrained) axis is used to quantify the importance of each environmental variable. The performed multivariate analyses show that the successional pathways on shell-bed shores are dependent on the grazing pressure. The relative importance of the following structuring processes is discussed: (1) interspecific interaction (competition, coexistence and facilitation), (2) destabilizing factors (disturbance and fluctuations), (3) stress, and (4) chance. Ordination and association analyses shows that Juniperus communis is the most important structuring species in the material. Grazing is necessary to reduce overgrowth by junipers and to maintain a high species diversity. The field data are used for inspection of the performance of different rescaling and detrending options, available with DCA ordination. Non-linear rescaling appears to be less influenced by deviant sample plots as compared to linear rescaling, and the S.D. units of the axes produced by non-linear rescaling are considered better interpretable in terms of a unimodal model of species responses to ecological gradients. Available options for detrending by polynomials are shown to be inferior to the detrending by segments option, as polynomial detrending may impose a polynomial distortion on the point configuration in the ordination space.
Children’s Agency

In the Idea Swap of Word of Mouth 32:4, I discussed strategies for developing students’ understanding of character traits (for story characters and for themselves). Students’ character traits are dependent on what the students do and do not do. Their character traits contribute to students’ sense of identity and ways they regulate or fail to regulate themselves. If students are to self-regulate, they must be aware that they have agency. Agency refers to one’s ability to make choices and decisions to influence events and to have an impact on one’s world. As children develop a sense of agency, they realize that they have the ability to make their own decisions and to affect their own lives. Speech-language pathologists are quite aware of the concept of self-regulation but are less familiar with the concept of agency that must underlie selfregulation. Much of the research on agency has focused on how and why adults exhibit agency. McAdams (2013) has explored how persons reflect their agency in the personal stories they tell. He identified four types of themes of agency:
Atypisches Erythema nodosum leprosum: Diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte

Das klassische Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) ist klinisch durch plötzliches Auftreten druckempfindlicher erythematöser Knoten, Papeln und Plaques charakterisiert. Daneben wurden verschiedene atypische Muster, wie pustulöses, bullöses, ulzeriertes, nekrotisches und Sweet‐Syndrom‐artiges ENL beschrieben. Wir geben eine Übersicht bisher dokumentierter Fälle atypischer ENL und gehen dabei auf diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte dieser selteneren Formen ein. Dazu wurde die medizinische Literatur in der Datenbank PubMed nach allen Fällen atypischer ENL bis zum Jahr 2020 durchsucht. Die Daten von Patienten mit atypischem ENL wurden erfasst und hinsichtlich epidemiologischer, klinisch‐histologischer und therapeutischer Aspekte analysiert. Die fünf hauptsächlich beschriebenen klinischen Formen des atypischen ENL sind vesikulär‐bullöse (46 % der Patienten), ulzerös‐nekrotische (41 %), Erythema‐multiforme‐artige (28 %), Sweet‐Syndrom‐artige (11 %) und pustulöse Läsionen (9 %). Bei allen Patienten wurden die Hautveränderungen von Fieber und Allgemeinsymptomen begleitet. Die meisten Patienten wurden oral mit Steroiden und Thalidomid therapiert. Dermatologen und Pathologen sollten die klinische Variabilität des ENL kennen, um Fehldiagnosen und verzögerte Behandlungen zu vermeiden. Die frühzeitige Erkennung kann die Kontrolle der Krankheitsprogression unterstützen und die Patienten vor weiteren Komplikationen schützen.
Domain Organization of Lentiviral and Betaretroviral Surface Envelope Glycoproteins Modeled with AlphaFold

Structural information on the surface envelope proteins of lentiviruses and related betaretroviruses is critical to understand mechanisms of virus-host interactions. However, experimental determination of these structures has been challenging, and only the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 has been determined. ABSTRACT The surface envelope glycoproteins of nonprimate lentiviruses and betaretroviruses share sequence similarity with the inner proximal domain β-sandwich of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 glycoprotein that faces the transmembrane glycoprotein as well as patterns of cysteine and glycosylation site distribution that points to a similar two-domain organization in at least some lentiviruses. Here, high-reliability models of the surface glycoproteins obtained with the AlphaFold algorithm are presented for the gp135 glycoprotein of the small ruminant caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAEV) and visna lentiviruses and the betaretroviruses Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and consensus human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K). The models confirm and extend the inner domain structural conservation in these viruses and identify two outer domains with a putative receptor binding site in the CAEV and visna virus gp135. The location of that site is consistent with patterns of sequence conservation and glycosylation site distribution in gp135. In contrast, a single domain is modeled for the JSRV, MMTV, and HERV-K betaretrovirus envelope proteins that is highly conserved structurally in the proximal region and structurally diverse in apical regions likely to interact with cell receptors. The models presented here identify sites in small ruminant lentivirus and betaretrovirus envelope glycoproteins likely to be critical for virus entry and virus neutralization by antibodies and will facilitate their functional and structural characterization. IMPORTANCE Structural information on the surface envelope proteins of lentiviruses and related betaretroviruses is critical to understand mechanisms of virus-host interactions. However, experimental determination of these structures has been challenging, and only the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 has been determined. The advent of the AlphaFold artificial intelligence method for structure prediction allows high-quality modeling of the structures of small ruminant lentiviral and betaretroviral surface envelope proteins. The models are consistent with much of the previously described experimental data, show regions likely to interact with receptors, and identify domains that may be involved in mechanisms of antibody neutralization resistance in the small ruminant lentiviruses. The models will allow more precise design of mutants to further determine mechanisms of viral entry and immune evasion in this group of viruses and constructs for structural determination of these surface envelope proteins.