Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Microscale methods for high‐throughput chromatography development in the pharmaceutical industry

Demands within the pharmaceutical sector to cut costs and improve process efficiencies have grown considerably in recent years. Major challenges exist for companies trying to establish financially viable and robust manufacturing processes for increasingly complex therapeutics. These issues have driven the investigation of miniaturised process-design techniques by which to identify suitable operating conditions using small volumes of feed material typical of that available in the early stages of bioprocess development. Such techniques are especially valuable for the optimisation of chromatographic separations, which often represent a significant percentage of manufacturing costs and hence for which there is a pressing need to determine the best operating policies. Several methods employing microlitre volumes of sample and resin have been explored recently, which are aimed at the high-throughput and cost-effective exploration of the design space for chromatographic separations. This methodology paper reviews these microscale approaches and describes how they work, gives examples of their application, discusses their advantages and disadvantages and provides a comparative assessment of the different methods, along with a summary of the challenges that remain to be overcome in relation to these techniques. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Decision-making, interoceptive awareness and mindful attention awareness in male patients with alcohol use disorder

ABSTRACT Introduction Decision-making deficits in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may be partly related to their decreased interoceptive awareness (IA), which is associated with some aspects of mindfulness. Methods 52 abstinent male inpatients with AUD (current severity: moderate or severe) and 52 healthy male volunteers performed the heart rate tracking task and a computerised version of the Iowa gambling task (IGT). Trait mindfulness was evaluated with the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS). Results Heartbeat perception (HBP), MAAS, and IGT scores of patients with AUD were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. The difference between groups with respect to IGT scores did not remain significant after controlling for the covariates, and HBP scores were linked significantly to the subjects’ IGT performance. HBP scores significantly predicted IGT scores of both the overall sample and patients. MAAS scores did not correlate significantly with HBP and IGT scores in either the patient or control group. Conclusion It is possible that IA plays a role in decision-making and decreased interoceptive accuracy is a predictor of impaired decision-making in individuals with AUD. More empirical data are needed to develop a better insight into the relationship between IA and multi-dimensional nature of mindfulness.
Etlik Piliç (Broyler) Rasyonlarına İki Farklı Dozda 25-OH D3 (HyD) Eklenmesinin Kemik Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Vitamin D is a metabolite which takes place especially in physiologic and metabolic events of poultry. In the broiler industry, applications are improving meat efficiency however the bone development is not improving respectively. This situation is the main reason of the long bones problems seen in broiler chickens after certain ages. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of 25-OHD which is a form of vitamin D, on the bone development of broilers. Two hundred ten day-old meat-type chicks (308 Ross) were used. On the first day, the chicks were randomly separated in 7 groups. One of them was selected as the control group; all groups were included 30 chicks. The control groups were fed by standard commercial food. The other groups were fed by standard commercial food with three different doses of vitamin D and two different doses of 25-OHD, metabolite of vitamin D which the commercial name is HyD. After the 42 days euthanasia was applied to the birds. Blood samples were taken at 21. and 42. days from hens. During the cutting process muscles were separated from the legs. The left and the right femurs and tibiatorsi were collected from 15 animals each of the groups and fixed in 10 percent formol saline solution. One of the femurs and tibiatorsi of each animal were used for bone strength tests. The others were kept in solution during 3 days and then they were transferred in to the 10 percent nitric acid solution for decalcification. The one femur and tibiatorsi of the decalcificated animals were removed and cut in half to prepare the transverse and sagittal sections. The routine processes were applied to those preparates and they were ambedded in parafin wax. 2 or 3 section of 4-5 micrometres were cutted from each parafin block and stained with hematocsylen eozine.The samples were investigated under the light microscope. In the microscopic evaluations, the criters indicating the growth plates, the bone density, the trabecules strength lesions were determined +1, +2, +3 in order to harmful to fine. The mean value of groups were compared to the control groups. The calcium and phosphor levels were determined spectrophotometrically. 25-OHD3 concentrations were determined with ELISA. The difference in 25-OHD levels between the control and the other groups was found statistically important significant. The differences between 2n d and 4t h groups and 5t h and 6t h groups were found statistically by microscopical evaluations. In the HyD groups, the bone strength tests results were found statistically important than the others. According to the results of microscopic observations and the bone strength tests, the two different dosages of HyD without adding Vit D do not contribute on bone development all by itself; however, it is concluded that the supplementation of 34 and especially the 69 mg HyD to the feeds which contain 2500 - 5000 IU/D effect the bone development and the strength.
General Matrix Inversion Technique for the Calibration of Electric Field Sensor Arrays on Aircraft Platforms

Abstract A matrix calibration procedure has been developed that uniquely relates the electric fields measured at the aircraft with the external vector electric field and net aircraft charge. The calibration method can be generalized to any reasonable combination of electric field measurements and aircraft. A calibration matrix is determined for each aircraft that represents the individual instrument responses to the external electric field. The aircraft geometry and configuration of field mills (FMs) uniquely define the matrix. The matrix can then be inverted to determine the external electric field and net aircraft charge from the FM outputs. A distinct advantage of the method is that if one or more FMs need to be eliminated or deemphasized (e.g., due to a malfunction), it is a simple matter to reinvert the matrix without the malfunctioning FMs. To demonstrate the calibration technique, data are presented from several aircraft programs (ER-2, DC-8, Altus, and Citation).
Editorial: It's tough being a consumer today

In dramatic contrast, Kieran Levis (page 22) describes the way things work in the digital world where powerful network effects and positive feedback loops result in a 'winner takes all' picture, leaving a competitive frame wholly unlike familiar fmcg or services markets. The power of Medcalf's Law (the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system) has ensured that through these powerful barriers to entry, a small number of smart operators such as Google, eBay and Microsoft each dominates its particular space. But these barriers can leave consumers frustratingly powerless because of the huge switching costs involved – not necessarily in terms of cash but in time and sanity. Try getting out of AOL and you will be required to re-enter what may run into hundreds of names in another ISP's address book because AOL has been automatically saving addresses and, not surprisingly, won't let you switch them over. It's hard to find a consistent position on this: like most users of internet giants, I'd be lost without them. Instead, if you think of networks and positive feedback loops as metaphors, you can draw some comfort in seeing how these same principles are beginning to apply to brands not in the digital world. People increasingly make judgments on reviewer sites, price comparison sites, blogs and feedback forums. Similarly campaigning user groups can cause serious damage to brands that behave unethically, incompetently or just plain rudely. Consumer-generated bandwagons and snowballs lack the power of physical networks but go some way to restoring the balance of power.
Partition Coefficient for Work Life Balance, Motivation and Job Security of Professionals in Higher Education (Technical and Non-Technical ) in National Capital Region of Delhi

Higher education to service quality provided in Technical and Non-Technical institutes by professionals in Delhi & NCR Region, The data were collected in two phases. About 400 samples collected from selected professors considered simultaneously. The Gap analysis shows that similar to motivation and job security and larger for work life. The relation of gap score is proportional to Work Life Balance, Motivation and Job Security. The finding for work life balance, motivation, and job security were correlated. The Kp values were more effective for sample size 60-81. The present study shows work life balance was more effective for technical professionals. Tie length vales were shown gradual degrees from professors to assistant professors in all the three factors. Log values will also help for improvement to researchers. In non- technical professionals shows more deviation rather than technical professionals. Technical professionals were nearly constant. This data insight institutes to make their policies.
Determining Bus Stop Locations using Deep Learning and Time Filtering

ThispaperpresentsanintelligentbusstopdeterminationfrombusGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS) trajectories. A mixture of deep neural networks and a time filtering algorithm is used in the proposed algorithm. A deep neural network uses the speed histogram and azimuth angle at each location as input features. A deep neural networks consists of the convolutional neural networks (CNN), fully connected networks, and bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. It predicts the soft decisions of bus stops at all locations along the route. The time filtering technique was adopted to refine the results obtained from the LSTM network. The time histograms of all locations was built where the high potential timestamps are extracted. Then, a linear regression is used to produce an approximate reliable timestamp. Each time distribution can be derived using data updated at that time slot and compared to a reference distribution. Locations are predicted as bus stop locations when timestamp distributions close to the reference distributions. Our technique was tested on real bus service GPS data from National Science and Technology Development Agency (NATDA, Thailand). The proposed method can outperform other existing bus stop detection systems.
Lightweight Neural Network for Real-Time Crack Detection on Concrete Surface in Fog

Cracks are one of the most common factors that affect the quality of concrete surfaces, so it is necessary to detect concrete surface cracks. However, the current method of manual crack detection is labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study implements a novel lightweight neural network based on the YOLOv4 algorithm to detect cracks on a concrete surface in fog. Using the computer vision algorithm and the GhostNet Module concept for reference, the backbone network architecture of YOLOv4 is improved. The feature redundancy between networks is reduced and the entire network is compressed. The multi-scale fusion method is adopted to effectively detect cracks on concrete surfaces. In addition, the detection of concrete surface cracks is seriously affected by the frequent occurrence of fog. In view of a series of degradation phenomena in image acquisition in fog and the low accuracy of crack detection, the network model is integrated with the dark channel prior concept and the Inception module. The image crack features are extracted at multiple scales, and BReLU bilateral constraints are adopted to maintain local linearity. The improved model for crack detection in fog achieved an mAP of 96.50% with 132 M and 2.24 GMacs. The experimental results show that the detection performance of the proposed model has been improved in both subjective vision and objective evaluation metrics. This performs better in terms of detecting concrete surface cracks in fog.
A new decoupled algorithm for nonstationary, transient simulations of GaAs MESFETs

Simulation of devices for which nonlocal, hot carrier transport cannot be ignored requires solution of the Poisson equation and at least the first three moments of the Boltzmann transport equation or the use of Monte Carlo techniques. These equations form nonlinear, coupled, time-dependent partial differential equations. In conventional decoupled solvers, decoupling of the equations puts a limit on the maximum allowable time step Delta t, which should be kept smaller than the dielectric relaxation time tau /sub d/ of the material. This constraint makes these solvers very inefficient, especially for obtaining steady-state solutions. A highly efficient decoupled numerical algorithm which allows Delta t as large as 20-50 times tau /sub d/ is presented. Results of simulations of GaAs MESFETs using both a conventional and the new decoupled solver and CPU time taken on a CRAY Y-MP by the two solvers are discussed. >
Transition edge sensor series array bolometer

A transition edge sensor series array (TES-SA) is an array of identical TESs that are connected in series by low-inductance superconducting wiring. The array elements are equally and well thermally coupled to the absorber and respond to changes in the absorber temperature in synchronization. The TES-SA total resistance increases compared to a single TES while the shape of the superconducting transition is preserved. We are developing a TES-SA with a large number, hundreds to thousands, of array elements with the goal of enabling the readout of a TES-based bolometer operated at 4.2 K with a semiconductor-based amplifier located at room temperature. The noise and dynamic performance of a TES-SA bolometer based on a niobium/aluminum bilayer is analyzed. It is shown that stable readout of the bolometer with a low-noise transimpedance amplifier is feasible.
Long Non-Coding RNA MIR4435-2HG Promotes Glycolysis and Tumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer Through Absorption of microRNA-582-5p to Target GPX8

Objective Long non-coding RNA MIR4435-2HG (MIR4435-2HG) has been clarified as a promoter in cancers, but its involvement in pancreatic cancer (PC) was not thoroughly probed. Methods MIR4435-2HG levels in PC clinical tissue and cell lines were analyzed. The relation between MIR4435-2HG levels with clinicopathological characteristics and survival of PC patients was evaluated. After transfection with plasmids altering MIR4435-2HG, microRNA (miR)-582-5p or glutathione peroxidase-8 (GPX8), the biological functions, glycolysis and tumor immunity of PANC-1 cells were observed. In vivo tumor growth was observed in nude mice. Results MIR4435-2HG was highly expressed in PC tissues and cell lines which was negatively correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of PC patients. MIR4435-2HG or GPX8 inhibition or miR-582-5p elevation restrained the growth, glycolysis and immunity of PANC-1 cells. miR-582-5p down-regulation or GPX8 up-regulation reversed the effect of silenced MIR4435-2HG on PANC-1 cells. In vivo experiments further confirmed the in vitro results. Conclusion Our study highlights that MIR4435-2HG promotes glycolysis and tumor immunity in PC through absorption of micR-582-5p to target GPX8.
Substrate Effects in Monolithic RF Transformers

Abstract— The effect of substrate RF losses on the characteris-tics of silicon-based integrated transformers is studied experimen-tally by using a substrate transfer technique. The maximum avail-able gain is used to evaluate the quality of transformers similarlyto that of active devices. The silicon substrate has a pronouncedeffect on the quality factor and mutual resistive coupling factor ofthe primary and secondary coils, thereby degrading the maximumavailable gain of the transformer. A highly structured patternedground shield is shown to improve the maximum available gain ofa transformer at high frequencies, while at low frequencies, it haslittle effect on the maximum available gain and even degrades thequalityfactors ofthetransformercoils. Itis shownthatthelow-fre-quency degradation of the coil quality factors relates to local eddycurrents in the patterned metal shield.Index Terms— Eddy-current losses, etching, ground shield, in-tegrated transformer, maximum available gain, mutual coupling,periodic ground pattern, quality factor, substrate effect, substratetransfer.
Stimulated Chondrogenesis via Chondrocytes Co-culturing

It is well known that the intimate communication between different precursor cell populations leads to articular cartilage formation during joint development. Co-culture systems employing chondrocytes of divergent sources represent a promising approach to improve chondrogenesis of multi- or oligopotent cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells of different origin, with putative applicability in articular cartilage repair. Osteoarthritic, dedifferentiated or non-articular (“heterotopic”) chondrocytes have been recruited for co-culturing with stem cells. However, the mode of direct cell-cell interactions and the exchange of soluble mediators, and the signaling pathways activated by co-culturing remain largely unexplored. This review summarises the available co-culture approaches that are utilised to improve chondrogenesis. The impact of different cell types, cell to cell ratios, direct or indirect, two- or three-dimensional culture conditions and techniques is analysed. Furthermore, the paracrine role of putative mediators of chondrogenesis, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and cell-contact based interactions are discussed. Co-culture systems combining different multipotent cell types with chondrocytes can stimulate or stabilize chondrogenesis of progenitor cells, and vice-versa amplify chondrocyte proliferation. Growth factors, including Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1, -β2, Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-1 and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP)2 have been identified as soluble key mediators, improving chondrogenesis in co-culture. Other less characterised mediators, exchange mechanisms, and the formation of specialised direct cell-cell contacts may amplify chondrogenesis in co-culture. Further efforts should be undertaken to optimise chondrogenic co-culturing conditions by providing reduced oxygen tension and mechanostimulation, and to transfer the knowledge into in vivo models and the clinic.
Dynamics of Family Development: A Theoretical Perspective

Over the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the social sciences that bear directly on the theory of family development. Among these are: an increased awareness that the family can be discussed on several different levels and each of these levels of analysis requires separate theoretical and conceptual treatment; the role of mathematical models in theory construction; and a refinement and application of dynamic modeling. Incorporating these advances, this groundbreaking work provides a reconceptualization and expansion of the most popular theoretical framework in the study of families. It is about the myriad ways in which families traverse their life course. But, first and foremost, the volume is intended as a statement of the theory of family development.
Engineering efficient termination of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase transcription

The bacteriophage T7 expression system is one of the most prominent transcription systems used in biotechnology and molecular-level research. However, T7 RNA polymerase is prone to read-through transcription due to its high processivity. As a consequence, enforcing efficient transcriptional termination is difficult. The termination hairpin found natively in the T7 genome is adapted to be inefficient, exhibiting 62% termination efficiency in vivo and even lower efficiency in vitro. In this study, we engineered a series of sequences that outperform the efficiency of the native terminator hairpin. By embedding a previously discovered 8-nucleotide T7 polymerase pause sequence within a synthetic hairpin sequence, we observed in vivo termination efficiency of 91%; by joining two short sequences into a tandem 2-hairpin structure, termination efficiency was increased to 98% in vivo and 91% in vitro. This study also tests the ability of these engineered sequences to terminate transcription of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Two out of three of the most successful T7 polymerase terminators also facilitated termination of the bacterial polymerase with around 99% efficiency.
Design and Experiments of a Three-Fingered Dexterous Hand Based on Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Hand Synergies

Hand synergy from neuroscience provides an effective tool for anthropomorphic hands to realize versatile grasping with simple planning and control. This article aims to extend the synergy-inspired design from anthropomorphic hands to general multifingered robot hands by reconstructing mechanically the crucial biomechanical characteristics of hand synergy. The synergy-inspired hands are not necessarily humanoid in morphology but perform primary functions like the human hand. At first, the biomechanics of hand synergy is investigated by combining human hand synergies with the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system. Three biomechanical characteristics of the human hand synergy are explored as a basis for the mechanical simplification of robot hands. Second, based on the three synergy characteristics, a design method of robotic hands is proposed. A three-fingered hand is designed, and some typical grasping and in-hand manipulation functions are analyzed. Finally, a prototype is developed, and experiments of grasping and in-hand manipulation are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the design method.
An overview of urban resilience: dimensions, components, and approaches

This paper investigates the theoretical and research literature on urban resilience. It examines various definitions of the concept and explores its social, economic, and institutional dimensions as components of a dynamic system. The study design was a descriptive review of relevant material collected from high quality scientific databases using the purposeful sampling method. The results indicated that the social ecology model of urban resilience provided a coherent and dynamic approach to the study of urban resilience. This model comprises economic, social, and institutional dimensions, the components of which have different functions in relation to urban resilience in the face of changes and pressures. To be effective, the system must be flexible and contain a variety of resources and functions to make predictions, deal with adverse events, and make provision for possible failures. System stability and balance require active and knowledgeable actors and institutions that enable appropriate communication between them. In this approach, a resilient city not only has the ability to absorb and withstand disasters, but also contains a variety of internal and external resources to regain balance. Resilient systems are the result of a series of decisions and actions at different times. The necessary capacities must be developed in the economic, social, and institutional dimensions to create economic stability, increase awareness and public cooperation, and develop efficient institutions to legislate for and implement urban resilience programs.