Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Barrier: Strategies for Mitigating Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Using Advanced Separators

Lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity, high theoretical capacity density, and low cost. However, challenges such as poor conductivity of sulfur (S) elements in active materials, the “shuttle effect” caused by lithium polysulfide, and the growth of lithium dendrites impede the commercial development of Li-S batteries. As a crucial component of the battery, the separator plays a vital role in mitigating the shuttle effect caused by polysulfide. Traditional polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyimide separators are constrained by their inherent limitations, rendering them unsuitable for direct application in lithium–sulfur batteries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel separators. This review summarizes the applications of different separator preparation methods and separator modification methods in lithium–sulfur batteries and analyzes their electrochemical performance.
Evidence of Saharan dust in upper Pleistocene reworked palaeosols of North‐west Sardinia, Italy: palaeoenvironmental implications

A multi‐disciplinary approach was followed to investigate two thick palaeosol strata that alternate with wind‐blown dominated deposits developed along the Alghero coast (North‐west Sardinia, Italy). Optically stimulated luminescence ages reveal that both palaeosols were developed during cooler drier periods: the first one at around 70 ka Marine Isotope Stage 4 and the latter around 50 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 3). In contrast, the pedological features indicate that the palaeosols underwent heavy weathering processes under warm humid to sub‐humid conditions, characteristic of the Sardinian climate during the last interglacial stage (Marine Isotope Stage 5e). To reconcile this apparent data discrepancy, a range of sedimentological and pedological analyses were conducted. These analyses reveal that the palaeosols possess a complex history, with accumulation and weathering occurring during Marine Isotope Stage 5e, and erosion, colluviation and final deposition taking place during the following cold stages. Thus, even if these reddish palaeosols were last formed during the glacial period, the sediments building up these strata probably record the climate of the last interglacial stage (Marine Isotope Stage 5e). Trace element and X‐ray diffraction analyses, together with scanning electron microscope images, reveal the presence of Saharan dust in the parent material of the palaeosols. However, no evidence of any far‐travelled African dust has been observed in the Marine Isotope Stage 4–3 aeolian deposits. It is possible to conclude that in the West Mediterranean islands, Saharan dust input, even if of modest magnitude, is preserved preferentially in soils accumulated and weathered during interglacial stages.
UV-LED-based projection lithography for rapid high-resolution micro- and nanostructuring

The demand on the miniaturization of products has fostered the advancement of high-resolution fabrication technologies. Here, we demonstrate a simple and low-cost UV-LED-based lithography technique for structuring at micro- and nanoscale. The corresponding experimental setup was established with off-the-shelf components and allows for single structuring within seconds based on a standard microscope projection photolithography (MPP) process. Single lines with feature sizes down to 150 nm were successfully produced. In addition, high-resolution gratings, ring resonators as well as arrayed waveguide gratings at the micro- and nanoscale were successfully fabricated as well. This operation-friendly, highly efficient and low-cost approach exhibits great potential in micro- and nanomanufacturing for applications in fields such as nanophotonics, biophotonics and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems.
The Middle Stone Age of Zambia, South Central Africa

Little is known of the Middle Stone Age archaeological record north of the Zambezi, unlike southem and eastern Africa. This book redresses the balance, reassessing the contribution of south-central Africa to the development of behaviourally and anatomically modern humans. Excavations at Mumbwa Caves and Twin Rivers, Zambia have shown that complex modern behaviours emerged as early as 300,000 years ago.
Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer (APXS): Results from Gusev crater and calibration report

[1] The chemical composition of rocks and soils on Mars analyzed during the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit Mission was determined by X-ray analyses with the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS). Details of the data analysis method and the instrument calibration are presented. Measurements performed on Mars to address geometry effects and background contributions are shown. Cross calibration measurements among several instrument sensors and sources are discussed. An unintentional swap of the two flight instruments is evaluated. New concentration data acquired during the first 470 sols of rover Spirit in Gusev Crater are presented. There are two geological regions, the Gusev plains and the Columbia Hills. The plains contain soils that are very similar to previous landing sites on Mars. A meteoritic component in the soil is identified. Rocks in the plains revealed thin weathering rinds. The underlying abraded rock was classified as primitive basalt. One of these rocks contained significant Br that is probably associated with vein-filling material of different composition. One of the trenches showed large subsurface enrichments of Mg, S, and Br. Disturbed soils and rocks in the Columbia Hills revealed different elemental compositions. These rocks are significantly weathered and enriched in mobile elements, such as P, S, Cl, or Br. Even abraded rock surfaces have high Br concentrations. Thus, in contrast to the rocks and soils in the Gusev Plains, the Columbia Hills material shows more significant evidence of ancient aqueous alteration.
Oligocene to early Miocene tectono-sedimentary history of the Alicante region (SE Spain): implications for Western Mediterranean evolution

The Alicante region, situated at the intersection of major Western Mediterranean structural units, is unique in possessing a complete marine Oligocene to early Miocene record of both platform and slope deposits. Detailed analysis of three selected platform areas in the north of the region, each showing a different tectono-sedimentary history, and comparison with coeval slope deposits in the south of the region shows that: (a) during the Rupelian to early Chattian the region formed part of the Iberian microplate and can be considered the south-eastern continuation of the NW-SE-trending Iberian Chain (folding phase between 36 and 33 Ma, updoming event at 31-29 Ma, both induced by Pyrenean collision); (b) during the late Chattian to Aquitanian it was linked to the extensional, SW-NE-orientated Valencia Trough forming part of its western margin (rifting phases at 28 and 25 Ma); (c) from the Aquitanian-Burdigalian boundary (20 Ma) onward, the region underwent NW-directed compression due to Betic collision (folding phases at 20 and 17 Ma); (d) a foreland basin formed in the late Burdigalian (18-17 Ma), continuous from the Betic Cordilleras over the Alicante region to the Balearics; (e) a purely compressive regime was superseded by strike-slip tectonics at the Langhian-Serravallian boundary. The previously formulated hypotheses of coeval compression and extension with inferred hypothetical strike-slip or other faults in or near the Alicante region is rejected on the basis that compressional and extensional tectonics are separated in time in the Alicante region.
Three-dimensional stirring of thermohaline fronts

This study investigates the stirring of the thermohaline anomalies in a fully turbulent quasi-geostrophic stratified flow. Temperature and salinity fields are permanently forced at large scales and are related to density by a linear equation of state. We show, using some inherent properties of quasi-geostrophic turbulence, that the 3-D ageostrophic circulation is the key dynamical characteristic that governs the strength and the spatial distribution of small-scale thermohaline fronts that are strongly density compensated. The numerical simulations well illustrate the formation by the mesoscale eddy field of sharp thermohaline fronts that are mainly located in the saddle regions and around the eddy cores and have a weak signature on the density field. One important aspect revealed by the numerical results is that the thermohaline anomalies experience not only a direct horizontal cascade but also a significant vertical cascade. One consequence of this 3-D cascade is that the ultimate mixing of the thermohaline anomalies will not be necessarily maximum at the depth where the large-scale temperature and salinity anomalies are maximum. Some analytical arguments allow us to identify some of the mechanisms that drive this 3-D cascade.
Three-dimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere under Montana Lasa

Using P-wave residuals for teleseismic events observed at the Montana Large Aperture Seismic Array (LASA), we have determined the three-dimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere under the array to a depth of 140 km. The root-mean-square velocity fluctuation was found to be at least 3.2 per cent which may be compared to estimate of ca. 2 per cent based on the Chernov random medium theory. The solutions are given by both the generalized inverse and stochastic inverse methods in order to demonstrate the relative merit of different inversion techniques. The most conspicuous feature of the lithosphere under LASA is a low-velocity anomaly in the central and northeast part of the array siting area with the N60°E trend and persisting from the upper crust to depths greater than 100 km. We interpret this low-velocity anomaly as a zone of weakness caused by faulting and shearing associated with the building of the Rocky Mountains.
Peran Perencanaan Kota Berkelanjutan dalam Mengatasi Krisis Air Perkotaan: Integrasi Infrastruktur Hijau, Teknologi Pemantauan, dan Kebijakan Publik

Krisis air perkotaan merupakan masalah yang semakin mengkhawatirkan di Kota Bandung, Indonesia, seiring dengan pesatnya urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang membebani sumber daya dan infrastruktur air yang ada. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran penting perencanaan kota yang berkelanjutan dalam memitigasi krisis air perkotaan dan mengusulkan pendekatan terpadu yang melibatkan infrastruktur hijau, teknologi pemantauan, dan kebijakan publik. Data survei dari berbagai kelompok penduduk Kota Bandung menunjukkan tingkat kesadaran yang cukup tinggi tentang isu-isu pengelolaan air perkotaan (skor kesadaran rata-rata: 3,8) dan kesepakatan yang kuat tentang pentingnya praktik-praktik air yang berkelanjutan (skor sikap rata-rata: 4,2). Temuan ini memberikan landasan untuk meningkatkan strategi pengelolaan air perkotaan. Kota Bandung dapat memanfaatkan sikap positif warganya dan menargetkan kampanye kesadaran untuk menumbuhkan masyarakat yang lebih sadar air. Selain itu, sangat penting bagi para pembuat kebijakan untuk mengintegrasikan infrastruktur hijau dan teknologi pemantauan ke dalam proses perencanaan kota, selaras dengan kebijakan yang mendukung. Dengan menerapkan rekomendasi-rekomendasi tersebut, Kota Bandung dapat mengatasi krisis air perkotaan secara efektif, memastikan masa depan air yang berkelanjutan dan tangguh bagi para penghuninya.
Decreased peroxidase activity of glycated hemoglobin inversely correlated with levels of glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes patients

Background and objective: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with diverse etiological factors. Imbalances between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses play critical roles in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Peroxidase, an antioxidant enzyme similar to superoxide dismutase and catalase, is involved in the etiology and progression of diabetes. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Sixty-four patients with type 2 diabetes and an equal number of healthy controls were recruited for the study. Peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin was assayed using L. Goth’s method for serum catalase assay, with further modifications and standardization. Results: Peroxidase activity of hemoglobin was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy controls, as was peroxidase activity of glycated hemoglobin (p<0.001). In both patients and controls, peroxidase activity of glycated hemoglobin was significantly higher than normal hemoglobin. In patients with type 2 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.308, p=0.013) with its peroxidase activity, indicating increased activity is associated with poorer glycemic control. Furthermore, peroxidase activity of normal hemoglobin positively correlated with peroxidase activity of glycated hemoglobin (mainly HbA1c) (r=0.305, p=0.014). Conclusions: Peroxidase activity of glycated hemoglobin increases with glycated hemoglobin levels, indicating deteriorating glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Implementasi Algoritma HMAC-SHA-256 Untuk Keamanan Kemasan Produk

Technology development has a significant impact on industry, technology has helped companies increase production efficiency, reduce costs and improve product quality. Product packaging is one of the ways business owners tell product information to the consumer. However, falsification of packaging labels on product packaging such as changes in expiration dates or product imitations is one of the obstacles in maintaining product quality. Many efforts have been made to prevent product counterfeiting, one of which is the use of holographic seals that are difficult to counterfeit, but this causes new problems because making holographic seals requires special machines and high costs. For this reason, this research aims to secure products using the HMAC-SHA256 algorithm which will be an alternative to product packaging security seals. The HMAC-SHA256 algorithm which is a hash algorithm that has the advantage of computational speed compared to encryption algorithms, besides this algorithm, has an Avalanche effect value of 68.24% which can be said to be good because the percentage value is more than 50%. The final result of this research is to build a system that can create and prove packaging security seals for alternative product security seals.
Effects of Contamination on Selected Rheological and Tribological Properties of Lubricating Greases Working in Underground Mines

This study examines the effect of mining pollutants and wear products on the rheological and tribological properties of a lubricating grease working in the microclimate of the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine belonging to the KGHM Polska Miedź Group (Polkowice, Poland). The material under investigation is a commercial lubricating grease thickened with complex lithium soap, based on mineral oil with a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) addition. A sample of the grease was taken from one of the friction junctions of a self-propelled drilling jumbo operated in the mine. Comparative tests of the fresh grease and the spent grease were carried out. For the two greases, rheological tests, i.e., dynamic oscillation tests and tests in steady flow conditions, were carried out at a constant shear rate. The rheological tests were conducted using a rotational rheometer. Moreover, the tribological characteristics of the tested greases under different friction junction loads were carried out using a ball-on-disc tribometer. Besides friction resistance, the lubrication ability of the two greases was also evaluated through an analysis of the wear of the steel disks after the friction process. Contour and topographic maps of the wear traces of the discs together with their wear profiles were compared.
DAMPAK PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT LIMBAH INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN IKAN DI MUNCAR (Studi Kasus Kawasan Industri Pengolahan Ikan di Muncar – Banyuwangi)

Muncar area is a regional fish producer. There, we can find big and small scale fish processing industries and even home industries. Those industry produce on the average 1,300 ton/day processed fish. Production activities caused environmental pollution, especially air, water and soil pollution. Source of this pollution are from transportation movement and developmnet of raw material, quality control activities to employee’s activities (domestic waste). Right now the process of waste management is so little and people’s understanding about wastewater treatment (IPAL) and waste management system is so limited. Almost all waste from this area is flowed away to the public canal. Flowing away waste directly without any process could increase environmental pollution around industrial location. This paper explains how big the potential waste water pollution, kind and charactestic of pollution from fish processing industries and doing waste management evaluation in fish processing indutries in Muncar. Italso shows sort of pollution effect as a result of disposing fish processing industry waste in Muncar.
Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath continental South America

[1] We present results of travel time inversions of teleseismic P and S waves recorded at the SECaSA92 (Southeast Caribbean South America 1992) temporary broadband array in northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad. The inversions reveal the unusual structure of the southern termination of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone: A minimum 2% relatively high-velocity anomaly trends WSW from the seismically defined Lesser Antilles slab beneath and NW of the Paria Peninsula to a point below the Venezuelan Serrania del Interior, well south of the Caribbean coast. Resolution tests utilizing actual ray geometries and densities of the source data indicate that the regional-scale structure beneath the study area is reasonably well resolved. Thus a detached and detaching subducted South American slab appears to lie beneath continental South America. We infer that oceanic South American lithosphere has been overridden to a significant degree by continental South America. The detached slab now lying beneath continental South America was driven into its current position after detaching from the former eastward striking Mesozoic ocean-continent passive margin as this margin entered the subduction zone. Because oceanic and continental South America are still attached without apparent relative motion between them along the Atlantic passive margin southeast of our study region, the slab must be the actively moving element during continental overriding. Thus the slab and its surrounding mantle (both Caribbean and South America) beneath northeastern South America are mobile and have moved ESE relative to the stable Guyana Shield craton.
Challenges of Writing in Arabic as a Foreign Language Context: Case of the Spanish School in Rabat

“Learning to write coherently. is something which many people never manage in their first language [and] the process is every bit as difficult in a second language” (Nunan, 1991, p.99). As such, interest in writing amongst applied linguists has increased quite importantly during the last two or three decades; soon, the discipline has rapidly and “clearly come of age thanks to the launch of several firsts in L2 writing” (Leki, Cumming & Silva, 2008, p.1). It is within this context and with the objective to uncover what challenges learners of Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) face while learning Arabic writing that this qualitative corpus study was conducted. Three prevalent challenges emerged: one was the students’ difficulty to spell Arabic words correctly; another emanated from their overall inability to learn the common Arabic order of syntactic constituents; and the other had to do with the challenge to write well-organized Arabic paragraphs.
Physically based hydrologic modeling: 1. A terrain‐based model for investigative purposes

THALES, a simple distributed parameter hydrologic model is presented and applied to two catchments in Australia and the United States, each with different dominant hydrologic responses. The model simulates Hortonian overland flow and runoff from saturated source areas and is used to identify some of the barriers to modeling the hydrology of small catchments. At Wagga Wagga in New South Wales, Australia, runoff is produced from saturated source areas, whereas on the Lucky Hills catchments at Walnut Gulch in Arizona, Hortonian overland flow processes dominate. Simulations at Wagga Wagga are based on published parameters and field data measured as part of an intensive field program and result in a relatively poor fit of the outflow hydrographs for a series of storms. The simulated position and growth of saturated areas coincides with the limited available information, indicating that at least the gross effects of subsurface water movement are being represented. For the Lucky Hills catchments, the hydrographs at the catchment outlet and points within the catchment are simulated for a storm series. The results are highly dependent on the parameter values, which are poorly defined, highlighting the lack of measured field data and lack of methodology for the collection of data at a scale appropriate for such models. The model structure is also shown to have a major influence on the output. The influence of simulating surface flow as sheet flow or rill flow or through a series of ephemeral gullies, as well as the choice of the surface roughness parameter and antecedent soil water conditions, is shown to have a profound effect on the distributed flow depth and velocity predictions. By fitting model parameters, a simulation assuming Hortonian overland flow produced similar results at the catchment outlet to those based on partial area runoff. These results are of concern since it is common to calibrate and verify hydrologic models based on the accuracy with which the catchment outflow is predicted. The internal estimates of flow characteristics following such a calibration often provide the input to sediment and nutrient transport models. Models such as THALES produce an enormous amount of information and have the theoretical potential to provide a “universal” tool for the representation of hydrologic response. However, problems of verification and validation of such models are acute. These problems relate to the difficulty in measuring/deriving parameters a priori, measurement of the catchment response in sufficient detail for testing, and the validity of the fundamental assumptions and algorithms used in model development.