Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Innate Immune Responses in Autoimmunity: Receptors, Pathways, and Therapeutic Targeting

Innate immune receptors sense nucleic acids derived from viral pathogens or self-constituents and initiate an immune response, which involves, among other things, the secretion of cytokines including interferon (IFN) and the activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). This robust and well-coordinated immune response is mediated by the innate immune cells and is critical to preserving and restoring homeostasis. Like an antiviral response, during an autoimmune disease, aberrations of immune tolerance promote inflammatory responses to self-components, such as nucleic acids and immune complexes (ICs), leading to the secretion of cytokines, inflammation, and tissue damage. The aberrant immune response within the inflammatory milieu of the autoimmune diseases may lead to defective viral responses, predispose to autoimmunity, or precipitate a flare of an existing autoimmune disease. Herein, we review the literature on the crosstalk between innate antiviral immune responses and autoimmune responses and discuss the pitfalls and challenges regarding the therapeutic targeting of the mechanisms involved.
Wi-Fi Sensing Based on IEEE 802.11bf

Conventionally, Wi-Fi radio signals are widely used for data transmissions in a wireless local area network (WLAN). Recently, it has been an interesting topic to also apply Wi-Fi radio signals to sense the environment where these signals propagate and identify changes associated with certain activities. This technique is referred to as Wi-Fi sensing, and it has been proven effective in a variety of use cases, such as proximity detection, gesture recognition, target counting, and health monitoring. As a result, the IEEE 802.11 working group has formed a new Task Group, 802.11 bf, to develop a new amendment to define necessary PHY and MAC protocols to support Wi-Fi sensing in all spectrum bands, including sub-7 GHz bands (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz band), as well as 60 GHz millimeter-wave band. In this article, our primary goal is to identify and describe the basic elements that have been developed in IEEE 802.11 bf to enable Wi-Fi sensing applications in different WLAN scenarios.
Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antiqourum Sensing Properties of Selected Wild Tea Leaves of Mountain Province

This study investigated the potential biological activities by determining the antioxidant (DPPH Assay), antibacterial (Agar-well Diffusion Method), and antiquorum sensing (Crystal Violet based Microtitre Plate Biofilm Assay) of the selected wild tea leaves of Mt. Province, namely: Cinnamomum mercadoi S. Vidal, Gaultheria leucocarpa var. cumingiana (S.Vidal), Clausena sanki (Perr.) J.F. Molino var. mollis (Merr.) J.F Molino, Descasporum fruticosum (J.R. Forst and G. Forst) and Glycomis pentaphylla. It was shown that all of he wild tea leaves have antioxidant properties. G. leucocarpa var. cumingiana (S.Vidal) however, exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity of 88.67%, which indicates that it is the best antioxidant among the wild tea samples. Results also proved that the selected wild tea plants have antibacterial property against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Moreover, the result of the Microtitre Plate Biofilm Assay showed that all selected wild tea had moderate antiquorum sensing activity against the bacterial species tested. It was concluded that the ethanolic leaves’ extracts of the selected wild tea samples had antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiquorum sensing property. Therefore, this study hopes to promote the consumption of wild tea on a commercial scale due to its additional health benefits. It may be worthy to consider natural products and alternative medicines as potential prevention and treatments for diseases.
Manifestly gauge invariant perturbations of scalar–tensor theories of gravity

The general relativistic perturbations of scalar–tensor theories (STT) of gravity are studied in a manifestly gauge invariant Hamiltonian formalism. After the derivation of the Hamiltonian equations of motion in this framework, the gauge invariant formalism is used to compute the evolution equations of linear perturbations around a general relativistic spacetime background in the Jordan frame. These equations are then specialized to the case of a flat FRW cosmological background. Furthermore, the equivalence between the Jordan frame and the Einstein frame of STT in the manifestly gauge invariant Hamiltonian formalism is analyzed, and it is shown that also in this framework they can be related by a conformal transformation. Finally, the obtained evolution equations for the linear perturbations in our formalism are compared with those in the standard cosmological perturbation theory. It turns out that the perturbation equations in the two different formalisms coincide with each other in a suitable limit.
Scattering in Topologically Massive Gravity, Chiral Gravity and the corresponding Anyon-Anyon Potential Energy

We compute the tree-level scattering amplitude between two covariantly conserved sources in generic Cosmological Topologically Massive Gravity augmented with a Fierz-Pauli term that has three massive degrees of freedom. We consider the Chiral Gravity limit in the anti-de Sitter space as well as the limit of Flat-Space Chiral Gravity. We show that Chiral Gravity cannot be unitarily deformed with a Fierz-Pauli mass. We calculate the non-relativistic potential energy between two point-like spinning sources. In addition to the expected massmass and spin-spin interactions, there are mass-spin interactions due to the presence of the gravitational Chern-Simons term which induces spin for any massive object and turns it to an anyon. We also show that the tree-level scattering is trivial for the Flat-Space Chiral Gravity. PACS numbers:
Graviton confinement inside hypermonopoles of any dimension

We show the generic existence of metastable massive gravitons in the four-dimensional core of self-gravitating hypermonopoles in any number of infinite-volume extra-dimensions. Confinement is observed for Higgs and gauge bosons couplings of the order unity. Provided these resonances are light enough, they realise the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati mechanism by inducing a four-dimensional gravity law on some intermediate length scales. The effective four-dimensional Planck mass is shown to be proportional to a negative power of the graviton mass. As a result, requiring gravity to be four-dimensional on cosmological length scales may solve the mass hierarchy problem.
A Computerized Analysis with Machine Learning Techniques for the Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease: Past Studies and Future Perspectives

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the brain that causes motor symptoms including slower movement, rigidity, tremor, and imbalance in addition to other problems like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), psychiatric problems, insomnia, anxiety, and sensory abnormalities. Techniques including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have been established for the classification of PD and normal controls (NC) with similar therapeutic appearances in order to address these problems and improve the diagnostic procedure for PD. In this article, we examine a literature survey of research articles published up to September 2022 in order to present an in-depth analysis of the use of datasets, various modalities, experimental setups, and architectures that have been applied in the diagnosis of subjective disease. This analysis includes a total of 217 research publications with a list of the various datasets, methodologies, and features. These findings suggest that ML/DL methods and novel biomarkers hold promising results for application in medical decision-making, leading to a more methodical and thorough detection of PD. Finally, we highlight the challenges and provide appropriate recommendations on selecting approaches that might be used for subgrouping and connection analysis with structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), DaTSCAN, and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) data for future Parkinson’s research.
Development of ARIES Baker-Nunn camera to a wide-field Imaging Telescope with CCD

ARIES Baker-Nunn Schmidt telescope project is converting a Baker-Nunn satellite tracking camera for Astronomical research. Orig- inal Baker-Nunn camera produces an extremely large (5 30 degree) curved focal plane at the prime focus for photographic imaging. We present here the re-designing of the camera produces a wide (4 4degree) at eld of view for CCD imaging observations, which have many scien- tic potentials in Astronomy. Imaging performance of the CCD camera is also estimated.
Improving Gaia Parallax Precision with a Data-driven Model of Stars

Converting a noisy parallax measurement into a posterior belief over distance requires inference with a prior. Usually, this prior represents beliefs about the stellar density distribution of the Milky Way. However, multiband photometry exists for a large fraction of the Gaia-TGAS Catalog and is incredibly informative about stellar distances. Here, we use 2MASS colors for 1.4 million TGAS stars to build a noise-deconvolved empirical prior distribution for stars in color–magnitude space. This model contains no knowledge of stellar astrophysics or the Milky Way but is precise because it accurately generates a large number of noisy parallax measurements under an assumption of stationarity; that is, it is capable of combining the information from many stars. We use the Extreme Deconvolution (XD) algorithm—which is an empirical-Bayes approximation to a full-hierarchical model of the true parallax and photometry of every star—to construct this prior. The prior is combined with a TGAS likelihood to infer a precise photometric-parallax estimate and uncertainty (and full posterior) for every star. Our parallax estimates are more precise than the TGAS catalog entries by a median factor of 1.2 (14% are more precise by a factor >2) and they are more precise than the previous Bayesian distance estimates that use spatial priors. We validate our parallax inferences using members of the Milky Way star cluster M67, which is not visible as a cluster in the TGAS parallax estimates but appears as a cluster in our posterior parallax estimates. Our results, including a parallax posterior probability distribution function for each of 1.4 million TGAS stars, are available in companion electronic tables.
Strongly coupled inflaton

We continue to investigate properties of the strongly coupled inflaton in a setup introduced in Chen (2008) through the AdS/CFT correspondence. These properties are qualitatively different from those in conventional inflationary models. For example, in slow-roll inflation, the inflaton velocity is not determined by the shape of potential; the fine-tuning problem concerns the dual infrared geometry instead of the potential; the non-Gaussianities such as the local form can naturally become large.
A Cosmologically Motivated Description of the Dark Matter Halo Profile for the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy, Malin 1

In this paper we derive a possible mass profile for the low surface brightness galaxy, Malin 1, based upon previously published space-based and ground-based photometric properties and kinematics. We use properties of the bulge, normal disk, outer extended disk, and H i mass as inputs into mass profile models. We find that the dark matter halo model of Malin 1 is best described by a halo profile that has undergone adiabatic contraction, inconsistent with the findings for most disk galaxies to date, yet consistent with rotation curve studies of M31. More importantly, we find that Malin 1 is baryon dominated in its central regions out to a radius of ∼ 10 kp c (in the bulge region). Low surface brightness galaxies are often referred to as being dark matter dominated at all radii. If this is the case, then Malin 1 would seem to have characteristics similar to those of normal barred disk galaxies, as suggested by other recent work. We also find that Malin 1 falls on the rotation curve shear versus spiral arm pitch angle relation for normal galaxies, although more LSB galaxies need to be studied to determine if this is typical.
WIYN OPEN CLUSTER STUDY. XXXIX. ABUNDANCES IN NGC 6253 FROM HYDRA SPECTROSCOPY OF THE Li 6708 Å REGION

High-dispersion spectra of 89 potential members of the old, super-metal-rich open cluster, NGC 6253, have been obtained with the HYDRA multi-object spectrograph. Based upon radial-velocity measurements alone, 47 stars at the turnoff of the cluster color–magnitude diagram (CMD) and 18 giants are identified as potential members. Five turnoff stars exhibit evidence of binarity while proper-motion data eliminate two of the dwarfs as members. The mean cluster radial velocity from probable single-star members is −29.4 ± 1.3 km s−1 (sd). A discussion of the current estimates for the cluster reddening, derived independently of potential issues with the BV cluster photometry, lead to an adopted reddening of E(B − V) = 0.22 ± 0.04. From equivalent width analyses of 38 probable single-star members near the CMD turnoff, the weighted average abundances are found to be [Fe/H] = +0.43 ± 0.01, [Ni/H] = +0.53 ± 0.02, and [Si/H] = +0.430. 030.04, where the errors refer to the standard errors of the weighted mean. Weak evidence is found for a possible decline in metallicity with increasing luminosity among stars at the turnoff. We discuss the possibility that our turnoff stars have been affected by microscopic diffusion. For 15 probable single-star members among the giants, spectrum synthesis leads to abundances of +0.460.020.03 for [Fe/H]. While NGC 6253 is less than half the age of NGC 6791, it is at least as metal-rich and, within the uncertainties, exhibits the same general abundance pattern as that typified by super-metal-rich dwarfs of the galactic bulge.
Identifiability of Open Quantum Systems

We provide a general framework for the identification of open quantum systems. By looking at the input-output behavior, we try to identify the system inside a black box in which some Markovian time-evolution takes place. Due to the generally irreversible nature of the dynamics, it is difficult to assure full controllability over the system. Still, we show that the system is identifiable up to similarity under a certain rank condition. The framework also covers situations relevant to standard quantum process tomography, where we do not have enough control over the system but have a tomographically complete set of initial states and observables. Remarkably, the similarity cannot in general be reduced to unitarity even for unitary systems, and the spectra of Hamiltonians are not identifiable without additional knowledge.
Rate of WD-WD head-on collisions in isolated triples is too low to explain standard type Ia supernovae

Context. Type Ia supernovae (Ia-SNe) are thought to arise from the thermonuclear explosions of white dwarfs (WDs). The progenitors of such explosions are still highly debated; in particular the conditions leading to detonations in WDs are not well understood in most of the suggested progenitor models. Nevertheless, direct head-on collisions of two WDs were shown to give rise to detonations and produce Ia-SNe – like explosions, and were suggested as possible progenitors. Aims. The rates of such collisions in dense globular clusters are far below the observed rates of type Ia SNe, but it was suggested that quasi-secular evolution of hierarchical triples could produce a high rate of such collisions. With regular secular evolution, the expected Ia-SNe rate from isolated triples is orders of magnitude below the observed rate. Here we aim to test if the rate of WD collisions in triples can be significantly enhanced if quasi-secular evolution is taken into account. Methods. We used detailed triple stellar evolution populations synthesis models coupled with dynamical secular evolution to calculate the rates of WD-WD collisions in triples and their properties. We explored a range of models with different realistic initial conditions and derived the expected SNe total mass, mass-ratio and delay time distributions for each of the models. Results. We find that the SNe rate from WD-WD collisions is of the order of 0.1% of the observed Ia-SNe rate across all our models, and the delay-time distribution is almost uniform in time, and is inconsistent with observations. Conclusions. We conclude that SNe from WD-WD collisions in isolated triples can at most provide for a small fraction of Ia-SNe, and can not serve as the main progenitors of such explosions.
Quantum spin liquid ground states of the Heisenberg-Kitaev model on the triangular lattice

We study quantum disordered ground states of the two-dimensional Heisenberg-Kitaev model on the triangular lattice using a Schwinger boson approach. Our aim is to identify and characterize potential gapped quantum spin liquid phases that are stabilized by anisotropic Kitaev interactions. For antiferromagnetic Heisenberg and Kitaev couplings and sufficiently small spin S, we find three different symmetric Z(2) spin liquid phases, separated by two continuous quantum phase transitions. Interestingly, the gap of elementary excitations remains finite throughout the transitions. The first spin liquid phase corresponds to the well-known zero-flux state in the Heisenberg limit, which is stable with respect to small Kitaev couplings and develops 120 degrees order in the semiclassical limit at large S. In the opposite Kitaev limit, we find a different spin liquid ground state, which is a quantum disordered version of a magnetically ordered state with antiferromagnetic chains, in accordance with results in the classical limit. Finally, at intermediate couplings, we find a spin liquid state with unusual spin correlations. Upon spinon condensation, this state develops Bragg peaks at incommensurate momenta in close analogy to the magnetically ordered Z2 vortex crystal phase, which has been analyzed in recent theoretical works.
Accretion of small satellites and gas inflows in a disc galaxy

Galaxy interactions can have an important effect in a galaxy’s evolution. Cosmological models predict a large number of small satellites around galaxies. It is important to study the effect that these small satellites can have on the host. The present work explores the effect of small N-body spherical satellites with total mass ratios in the range ≈ 1:1000-1:100 in inducing gas flows to the central regions of a disc galaxy with late-type morphology resembling the Milky Way. Two model galaxies are considered: barred and non-barred models; the latter one is motivated in order to isolate and understand better the effects of the satellite. Several circular and non-circular orbits are explored, considering both prograde and retrogade orientations. We show that satellites with such small mass ratios can still produce observable distortions in the gas and stellar components of the galaxy. In terms of gas flows, the prograde circular orbits are more favourable for producing gas flows, where in some cases up to $60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the gas of the galaxy is driven to the central region. We find, hence, that small satellites can induce significant gas flows to the central regions of a disc galaxy, which is relevant in the context of fuelling active galactic nuclei.
The Hector Survey: integral field spectroscopy of 100,000 galaxies

Abstract In March 2013, the Sydney–AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) began a major survey of 3400 galaxies at the AAT, the largest of its kind to date. At the time of writing, over a third of the targets have been observed and the scientific impact has been immediate. The Manga galaxy survey has now started at the SDSS telescope and will target an even larger sample of nearby galaxies. In Australia, the community is now gearing up to deliver a major new facility called Hector that will allow integral field spectroscopy of 100 galaxies observed simultaneously. By the close of the decade, it will be possible to obtain integral field spectroscopy of 100,000 galaxies over 3000 square degrees of sky down to r=17 (median). Many of these objects will have HI imaging from the new ASKAP radio surveys. We discuss the motivation for such a survey and the use of new cosmological simulations that are properly matched to the integral field observations. The Hector survey will open up a new and unique parameter space for galaxy evolution studies.
Bulk-edge correspondence in entanglement spectra

Li and Haldane conjectured and numerically substantiated that the entanglement spectrum of the reduced density matrix of ground-states of time-reversal breaking topological phases (fractional quantum Hall states) contains information about the counting of their edge modes when the ground-state is cut in two spatially distinct regions and one of the regions is traced out. We analytically substantiate this conjecture for a series of FQH states defined as unique zero modes of pseudopotential Hamiltonians by finding a one to one map between the thermodynamic limit counting of two different entanglement spectra: the particle entanglement spectrum, whose counting of eigenvalues for each good quantum number is identical (up to accidental degeneracies) to the counting of bulk quasiholes, and the orbital entanglement spectrum (the Li-Haldane spectrum). As the particle entanglement spectrum is related to bulk quasihole physics and the orbital entanglement spectrum is related to edge physics, our map can be thought of as a mathematically sound microscopic description of bulk-edge correspondence in entanglement spectra. By using a set of clustering operators which have their origin in conformal field theory (CFT) operator expansions, we show that the counting of the orbital entanglement spectrum eigenvalues in the thermodynamic limit must be identical to the counting of quasiholes in the bulk. The latter equals the counting of edge modes at a hard-wall boundary placed on the sample. Moreover, we show this to be true even for CFT states which are likely bulk gapless, such as the Gaffnian wavefunction.
‘Sociali persona ludens’: the social component of human play

ABSTRACT Social background is a vital element of human play, realizing with the overt and covert transference of social norms as relevant values in public discourse. The interdisciplinary discussion proposed in this article makes it possible to propose a 3D model of ‘sociali persona ludum’ in the concluding part of the study. The model suggests three kinds of domains that together, create each socially dependent person's play: (1) the emergent domain of escapes to the so-called ‘being there’ of play (2) the domain of contents, and (3) the domain of uncertainties. They are functions of different basic features of human play that are analyzed here – the quantity and quality of playing agents, plots of games, and interactions between agents – placed on three Cartesian axes. In addition to the scholarly thesis suggested by this model, one can see it as a possible framework for for different applicative needs.
Mass without radiation: Heavily obscured AGNs, the X-ray background, and the black hole mass density

A recent revision of black hole scaling relations indicate that the local mass density in black holes should be five times higher than previously determined values. The local black hole mass density is connected to the mean radiative e ciency of accretion through the time integral of the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) volume density and a significant increase in the local black hole mass density would have interesting consequences on AGN accretion properties and demography. One possibility to explain a large black hole mass density is that most of the black hole growth is via radiatively ine cient channels such as super Eddington accretion; however, this solution is not unique. Here we show how it is possible to accommodate a larger fraction of heavily buried, Compton-thick AGNs, without violating the limit imposed by the spectral energy density of the hard X-ray and mid‐infrared backgrounds.