Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subgingival microbial diversity and respiratory decline: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract Aim To investigate whether there is an association between subgingival microbial diversity and reduced respiratory function. Materials and Methods A group of dentate 58–72‐year‐old men in Northern Ireland had a comprehensive periodontal examination including subgingival plaque sampling. DNA was extracted from plaque samples and the V1–V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were analysed by high‐throughput sequencing and a microbial diversity index (MDI) was derived. Spirometry measurements were made using a wedge bellows spirometer. The primary outcome variable of interest was the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (% predicted FEV1). Analysis included multiple linear regression with adjustment for various confounders. Results Five‐hundred and seven men were included in the analysis. The mean age was 63.6 years (SD = 3.1). Of these, 304 (60.0%) men had no or mild periodontitis, 105 (20.7%) had moderate periodontitis and 98 (19.3%) had severe periodontitis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that a one unit increase in MDI was associated with a 0.71% loss (95% confidence interval: 0.06%–1.35%; p = .03) in % predicted FEV1 after adjustment for all confounders. Conclusions In this group of dentate men from Northern Ireland, subgingival microbial diversity was associated with reduced respiratory function.
A Transcription Factor Etv1/Er81 Is Involved in the Differentiation of Sweet, Umami, and Sodium Taste Cells

Abstract Taste cells are maintained by continuous turnover throughout a lifetime, yet the mechanisms of taste cell differentiation, and how taste sensations remain constant despite this continuous turnover, remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a transcription factor Etv1 (also known as Er81) is involved in the differentiation of taste cells responsible for the preference for sweet, umami, and salty tastes. Molecular analyses revealed that Etv1 is expressed by a subset of taste cells that depend on Skn-1a (also known as Pou2f3) for their generation and express T1R genes (responsible for sweet and umami tastes) or Scnn1a (responsible for amiloride-sensitive salty taste). Etv1CreERT2/CreERT2 mice express Etv1 isoform(s) but not Etv1 in putative proprioceptive neurons as comparable to wild-type mice, yet lack expression of Etv1 or an isoform in taste cells. These Etv1CreERT2/CreERT2 mice have the same population of Skn-1a-dependent cells in taste buds as wild-type mice but have altered gene expression in taste cells, with regional differences. They have markedly decreased electrophysiological responses of chorda tympani nerves to sweet and umami tastes and to amiloride-sensitive salty taste evoked by sodium cation, but they have unchanged responses to bitter or sour tastes. Our data thus show that Etv1 is involved in the differentiation of the taste cells responsible for sweet, umami, and salty taste preferences.
Silencing circular RNA hsa_circABCC1 inhibits osteosarcoma progression through down‐regulating HDAC4 via sponging miR‐591

Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to play an important regulatory role in the development of various cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS). However, the role of circRNA ABCC1 (circABCC1) in OS was still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of circABCC1 in OS progression and its potential molecular mechanisms.
Nonminimum phase systems and a geometrical solution to the double-extension problem

The authors address the problem of identifying nonminimum phase systems from partial information regarding their output autocorrelation and impulse response sequences. Because autocorrelation sequences can identify systems only up to their minimum phase counterparts by employing portions of the impulse response, the authors exhibit, through a geometric approach, all solutions that match the given data. <<ETX>>
Origin of the May 1998 suprathermal particles: Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System/(Highly) Suprathermal Time of Flight results

[1] The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System/(Highly) Suprathermal Time of Flight ((H)STOF) mass spectrometer measures the elemental composition and the charge state distribution of ions with suprathermal energies in the range 10–4000 keV amu−1 from above the solar wind particle distribution up to low-energy flare particle energies. We analyze the time period around the large coronal mass ejection event on 2–3 May 1998. Using data from (H)STOF, we study the charge state distribution of He, the CNO group, and Fe. In addition, we investigate the energy dependence of the mean ionic charge state of Fe in the energy-per-nucleon range 12–100 keV amu−1. Furthermore, we also report energy spectra of H+, He++, and He+ and the variations in the elemental abundance ratios He/H, He/CNO, and Fe/CNO. These observations greatly extend the energy range in which particles associated with this time period have been measured. Because of their elevated energies, suprathermal particles are the prime seed population for further acceleration in gradual events. We identify interstellar pickup ions as an important nonsolar seed population. The observed low mean ionic charge states of Fe and the small Fe/CNO ratio are typical for large gradual events. The energy dependence of the Fe charge states may be a result of the presence of different iron populations or of the thermal history of the accelerated material. The temporal variations of Fe/CNO and He/CNO indicate a stronger confinement of low-rigidity particles at the acceleration site.
Fast Instruction Cache Simulation is Trickier than You Think

Given the performances it achieves, dynamic binary translation is the most compelling simulation approach for cross-emulation of software centric systems. This speed comes at a cost: simulation is purely functional. Modeling instruction caches by instrumenting each target instruction is feasible, but severely degrades performances. As the translation occurs per target instruction block, we propose to model instruction caches at that granularity. This raises a few issues that we detail and mitigate. We implement this solution in the QEMU dynamic binary translation engine, which brings up an interesting problem inherent to this simulation strategy. Using as test vehicle a multicore RISC-V based platform, we show that a proper model can be nearly as accurate as an instruction accurate model. On the PolyBench/C and PARSEC benchmarks, our model slows down simulation by a factor of 2 to 10 compared to vanilla QEMU. Although not negligible, this is to be balanced with the factor of 20 to 60 for the instruction accurate approach.
Reiseimpfungen – Hinweise und Empfehlungen

Einführung Der Ständige Ausschuss Reisemedizin (StAR) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG) erarbeitet jährlich Empfehlungen zu Reiseimpfungen und zur Malariaprophylaxe. In diesem ehrenamtlichen Gremium sind industrieunabhängige Expertinnen und Experten der Reise-, Tropenund Arbeitsmedizin unterschiedlichster Institutionen und Organisationen vertreten.
Six wave interaction equations in finite-depth gravity waves with surface tension

Abstract Three wave resonant triad interactions in two space and one time dimensions form a well-known system of first-order quadratically nonlinear evolution equations that arise in many areas of physics. In deep water waves, they were first derived by Simmons in 1969 and later shown to be exactly solvable by Ablowitz & Haberman in 1975. Specifically, integrability was established by introducing a system of six wave interactions whose symmetry reduction leads to the well-known three wave equations. Here, it is shown that the six wave interaction and classical three wave equations satisfying triad resonance conditions in finite-depth gravity waves can be derived from the non-local integro-differential formulation of the free surface gravity wave equation with surface tension. These quadratically nonlinear six wave interaction equations and their reductions to the classical and non-local complex as well as real reverse space–time three wave interaction equations are integrable. Limits to infinite and shallow water depth are also discussed.
Apoptosis: a Janus bifrons in T-cell immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade, bispecific antibodies, and adoptive T-cell transfer have yielded unprecedented clinical results in hematological malignancies and solid cancers. While T cell-based immunotherapies have multiple mechanisms of action, their ultimate goal is achieving apoptosis of cancer cells. Unsurprisingly, apoptosis evasion is a key feature of cancer biology. Therefore, enhancing cancer cells’ sensitivity to apoptosis represents a key strategy to improve clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, cancer cells are characterized by several intrinsic mechanisms to resist apoptosis, in addition to features to promote apoptosis in T cells and evade therapy. However, apoptosis is double-faced: when it occurs in T cells, it represents a critical mechanism of failure for immunotherapies. This review will summarize the recent efforts to enhance T cell-based immunotherapies by increasing apoptosis susceptibility in cancer cells and discuss the role of apoptosis in modulating the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and potential strategies to overcome this issue.
Inexact Piecewise Quadratic Programming for Waste Flow Allocation under Uncertainty and Nonlinearity

In practical waste management systems, most relationships among different system components are nonlinear in nature. Effects of economies-of-scale can often bring about such nonlinearity in objective functions within an inexact optimization framework. To handle both nonlinearity and uncertainty, an inex act piecewise quadratic programming (IPQP) model was developed through coupling piecewise linear regression with interval linear programming. In IPQP, uncertainties expressed as intervals for transportation/operation costs, treatment capacities, waste generation rates, waste flows/amounts were reflected; a more accurate approximation for nonlinearities reflecting effects of economies-o f-scale between unit transportation costs and waste flows as well as between unit operation costs and waste treatment amounts were provided. An interactive algorithm was designed for solving IPQP. IPQP was applied to a hypothesis case of waste allocation planning and compared with a conventional inexact quadratic programming model (IQP). The results indicated that, in the investigated waste allocation system, the optimized waste flows from the districts to the waste treatment facilities (WTFs) and the optimized waste treatment amounts in WTFs had no significant differences between both models. However, most of unit transportation costs or unit operation costs in IPQP were less than those in IQP, which finally contributed to a lower net system costs in IPQP than IQP. Th is implied that the often ignored effects of economies-of-scale should be considered accurately in the real-world waste management system to obtain lower costs. Strategies to balance the tradeoff between approximation accuracy and computational complexity for IPQP were also discussed.
Quad tree decomposition of fused image of sunspots for classifying the trajectories

A combination of image fusion and quad tree decomposition method is used for detecting the sunspot trajectories in each month and computation of the latitudes of these trajectories in each solar hemisphere. Daily solar images taken with SOHO satellite are fused for each month and the result of fused image is decomposed with Quad Tree decomposition method in order to classifying the sunspot trajectories and then to achieve the precise information about latitudes of sunspot trajectories. Also with fusion we deduce some physical remarkable conclusions about sun magnetic fields behavior. Using quad tree decomposition we give information about the region on sun surface and the space angle that tremendous flares and hot plasma gases permeate interplanetary space and attack to satellites and human technical systems. Here sunspot images in June, July and August 2001 are used for studying and give a method to compute the latitude of sunspot trajectories in each month with sunspot images.
AIUM Practice Principles for Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorder

The prevalence of Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) among ultrasound professionals has been significant. National and international efforts to create industry standards have focused primarily on injuries in sonographers. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) have published documents related to this occupational exposure. There has also been significant attention on equipment utilization and design to help reduce the prevalence of WRMSDs. The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) developed the AIUM Practice Principles for Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorder in collaboration with other organizations whose members use ultrasound [see Collaborating Societies and Representatives]. This document supports the “Industry Standards for the Prevention of Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Sonography” and aims to expand on these Standards to include safety practices for all health care professionals who utilize ultrasound. These professionals include members of the scientific community, a wide variety of medical professionals, and dental professionals. These ultrasound users and operators will collectively be referred to in this document as “operator(s)” except in those instances where data addressed those holding a specific job title, such as sonographer. In addition, this document will support guidance for quality improvement specific to preventing and reducing injury rates.
An intelligent edge enabled 6G‐flying ad‐hoc network ecosystem for precision agriculture

Unmanned aerial vehicle based precision agriculture is a predominant research area. The modern flying ad‐hoc network leverages the advanced low latency vehicular communication and intelligent computing paradigms that help the ecosystem to grow up to the next level. In this work, we propose an ecosystem for precision agriculture that leverages the use of the opportunistic MQTT protocol in an edge‐enabled intelligent drone network for sensing and performing crop prediction using an intelligent ensemble machine learning model. The proposed approach leverages the edge computing system that requires low energy devices and also exploits the ultra‐low latency opportunistic message transfer methodology. The experimental results show the maximum of 0.9 message delivery ratio and a minimum of 600 ms latency is achieved by opportunistic MQTT protocol in an ultra‐low latency sparse network scenario. A weighted ensemble model is deployed onto the edge enabled devices or the drones. An accuracy of 96.5% is achieved in predicting the type of crops that can be grown in the soil about the selected area of interest.
Fully-primed slowly-recovering vesicles mediate presynaptic LTP at neocortical neurons

Pre- and postsynaptic forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) are candidate synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory. At layer 5 pyramidal neurons LTP increases the initial synaptic strength but also short-term depression during high-frequency transmission. This classical form of presynaptic LTP has been referred to as redistribution of synaptic efficacy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore performed whole-cell recordings from layer 5 pyramidal neurons in acute cortical slices of rats and analyzed presynaptic function before and after LTP induction by paired pre- and postsynaptic neuronal activity. LTP was successfully induced in about half of the synaptic connections tested and resulted in increased synaptic depression during high-frequency transmission and a decelerated recovery from depression due to an increased occurrence of a slow recovery component. Analysis with a recently established sequential two-step vesicle priming model indicates an increase in the abundance of fully-primed and slowly-recovering vesicles. A systematic analysis of short-term plasticity and synapse-to-synapse variability of synaptic strength at various types of synapses revealed that stronger synapses generally recover more slowly from synaptic depression. Finally, pharmacological stimulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling pathways, which are both known to promote synaptic vesicle priming mimicked electrically-induced LTP and slowed the recovery from depression. Our data thus demonstrate that LTP at layer 5 pyramidal neurons increases synaptic strength primarily by enlarging a subpool of fully-primed slowly-recovering vesicles.
Optogenetic stimulation reveals frequency-dependent resonance and encoding in V1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons

Cortical information processing is thought to be facilitated by the resonant properties of individual neurons and neuronal networks, which selectively amplify inputs at specific frequencies. We used optogenetics to test how different input frequencies are encoded by excitatory cells and parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in mouse V1. Spike phase-locking and power increased with frequency, reaching a broad peak around 80-100Hz. This effect was observed only for Chronos, a fast-kinetic opsin, but not for Channelrhodopsin-2. Surprisingly, neurons did not exhibit narrow-band resonance in specific frequency-ranges, and showed reliably phase-locking up to 140Hz. Strong phase-locking at high frequencies reflected non-linear input/output transformations, with neurons firing only in a narrow part of the cycle. By contrast, low-frequency inputs were encoded in a more continuous manner. Correspondingly, spectral coherence and firing rates showed little dependence on frequency and did not reflect transferred power. To investigate whether strong phase-locking facilitated the reliable encoding of inputs, we analyzed various spike-train distances and Fano factor. Interestingly, responses to lower rather than higher frequencies had more globally reliable spike-counts and timing structure. These findings have various practical implications for understanding the effects of optogenetic stimulation and choice of opsin. Furthermore, they show both PV and excitatory neurons respond with more local precision, i.e. phase-locking, to high-frequency inputs, but have more globally reliable responses to low-frequency inputs, suggesting differential coding regimes for these frequencies.
Synaptic dysfunction and dysregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes in dopaminergic neurons derived from Parkinson’s disease sporadic patients and with GBA1 mutations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with both genetic and sporadic origins. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties, synaptic activity, and gene expression differences in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy controls, sporadic PD (sPD) patients, and PD patients with GBA1 mutations. Our results demonstrate reduced sodium currents and synaptic activity in DA neurons derived from PD patients with GBA1 mutations, suggesting a potential contribution to PD pathophysiology. We also observed distinct electrophysiological alterations in sPD DA neurons that were dependent on the age of disease onset. RNA sequencing analysis revealed unique dysregulated pathways in early and late-onset sPD neurons, further supporting the notion that molecular mechanisms driving PD may be different between PD patients. In agreement with our previous reports, ECM and focal adhesion genes were the top dysregulated pathways in DA neurons from sPD patients and from patients with GBA1 mutations. Overall, this study gives further confirmation that the convergent functional phenotypes of DA neurons derived from PD patients are synaptic abnormalities and at the transcriptome level, ECM and focal adhesion pathways are highly involved in PD pathology across multiple PD-associated mutations as well as sPD.
Somatic Calcium Signals from Layer II/III Motor Cortex for Continuous Neural Decoding

The latest research shows that calcium signals can provide a new signal source for brain-machine interfaces (BMI). However, it remains a question whether the calcium signals from layer 2/3 motor cortex can be used for continuous neural decoding. And how they are involved in movement coding is also worth investigating. Here we collect the somatic signals in M1 layer 2/3 while mice performed a lever-press task under the one-photon imaging. We first present the potential of somatic calcium signals from layer 2/3 in continuous neural decoding through an improved recurrent neural network. Layer 2/3 neurons exhibit three types of calcium dynamics with distinct spatiotemporal coding patterns involved in the movement. Pre-pressing and pressing neurons enable sparse coding of movement through complementary spatiotemporal information. While post-pressing neurons predict the lever movement most accurately through the calcium dynamics with higher fidelity. These results demonstrate the capability of calcium signals from layer 2/3 neurons as a motor BMI driver and underscore their diversity in motor coding, opening a new avenue for studying the motor cortex and designing optical BMIs.
BRCA2 promotes genomic integrity and therapy resistance primarily through its role in homology-directed repair

Highlights Gap suppression requires BRCA2 C-terminal RAD51 binding in mouse and human cells Brca2 heterozygosity in mice results in fork protection and gap suppression defects Gap suppression mitigates sensitivity to hmdU, but only when HDR is unperturbed HDR deficiency is the primary driver of chemotherapeutic sensitivity eTOC blurb Lim et al. report that gap suppression as well as fork protection require BRCA2 stabilization of RAD51 filaments in human and mouse cells but have minimal impact on genome integrity, oncogenesis, and drug resistance. BRCA2 suppression of PRIMPOL-mediated replication gaps confers resistance to the nucleotide hmdU, incorporation of which leads to cytotoxic abasic sites.This effect is diminished when HDR is abrogated. Summary Tumor suppressor BRCA2 functions in homology-directed repair (HDR), protection of stalled replication forks, and suppression of replicative gaps. The relative contributions of these pathways to genome integrity and chemotherapy response are under scrutiny. Here, we report that mouse and human cells require a RAD51 filament stabilization motif in BRCA2 for both fork protection and gap suppression, but not HDR. Loss of fork protection and gap suppression do not compromise genome instability or shorten tumor latency in mice or cause replication stress in human mammary cells. By contrast, HDR deficiency increases spontaneous and replication stress-induced chromosome aberrations and tumor predisposition. Unlike with HDR, fork protection and gap suppression defects are also observed in Brca2 heterozygous mouse cells, likely due to reduced RAD51 stabilization at stalled forks and gaps. Gaps arise from PRIMPOL activity, which is associated with sensitivity to 5-hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxyuridine due to the formation of abasic sites by SMUG1 glycosylase and is exacerbated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. However, HDR deficiency ultimately modulates sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, including PARP inhibitors.