Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FABRICATION AND STIMULATED EMISSION OF ER-DOPED NANOCRYSTALLINE SI WAVEGUIDES FORMED ON SI SUBSTRATES BY LASER ABLATION

Er-doped nanocrystalline Si (nc-Si) waveguides were fabricated on Si substrates and investigated by optical pumping. A stimulated emission at 1540 nm was demonstrated at room temperature. The sizes of the fabricated Er-doped nc-Si waveguides were 5000 nm×200 nm×L, where L is the cavity length and is changed from 1 to 10 mm. Superlinear optical outputs at 1540 nm were observed for the waveguides longer than 3 mm. The threshold of the optical output where the stimulated emission occurs is in the order of 10 MW/cm2, and is demonstrated to depend on the cavity length of the waveguides. A large reduction of decay lifetimes of the light output from a cleavage facet of the Er-doped nc-Si waveguides was observed when the pumping power density exceeded the thresholds indicating an increase of transition probabilities in intra-4f electrons in Er3+ ions caused by the stimulated emission. Better 1540 nm laser performance and lower pumping power density should be obtained by optimizing the device structure and increas.
Longitudinal analysis of mucosa‐associated invariant T cells in sepsis reveals their early numerical decline with prognostic implications and a progressive loss of antimicrobial functions

Sepsis‐elicited immunosuppression elevates the risk of secondary infections. We used a clinically relevant mouse model and serial peripheral blood samples from patients to assess the antimicrobial activities of mucosa‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in sepsis. Hepatic and splenic MAIT cells from B6‐MAITCAST mice displayed increased CD69 expression and a robust interferon‐γ (IFNγ) production capacity shortly after sublethal cecal ligation and puncture, but not at a late timepoint. Peripheral blood MAIT cell frequencies were reduced in septic patients at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and more dramatically so among nonsurvivors, suggesting the predictive usefulness of early MAIT cell enumeration. In addition, at ICU admission, MAIT cells from sepsis survivors launched stronger IFNγ responses to several bacterial species compared with those from patients who subsequently died of sepsis. Of note, while low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR+ monocyte frequencies, widely regarded as a surrogate indicator of sepsis‐induced immunosuppression, were gradually corrected, the numerical insufficiency of MAIT cells was not resolved over time, and their CD69 expression continued to decline. MAIT cell responses to bacterial pathogens, a major histocompatibility complex–related protein 1 (MR1) ligand, and interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐18 were also progressively lost during sepsis and did not recover by the time of ICU/hospital discharge. We propose that MAIT cell dysfunctions contribute to post‐sepsis immunosuppression.
USP48 stabilizes gasdermin E to promote pyroptosis in cancer.

Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases and the cleavage of gasdermin proteins. Pyroptosis can suppress tumor development and induce anti-tumor immunity, and activating pyroptosis is a potential treatment strategy for cancer. To uncover approaches to harness the anti-cancer effects of pyroptosis, we aimed to identify regulators of pyroptosis in cancer. A CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified that loss of USP48, a deubiquitinating enzyme, significantly inhibited cell pyroptosis. USP48 promoted pyroptosis by stabilizing gasdermin E (GSDME). USP48 bound GSDME and removed K48-linked ubiquitination at positions K120 and K189. Clinical tissue testing confirmed that the expression of USP48 positively correlated with GSDME and pyroptosis-related factors. Single-cell sequencing showed that the functions of T cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were inhibited after USP48 knockout. Finally, overexpression of USP48 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in tumors in mouse models. Together, these findings define a pyroptosis regulation pathway and indicate that pharmacological activation of USP48 may provide an effective strategy to sensitize cancer cells to pyroptosis and improve response to immunotherapy.
Positive and Negative Magnetostriction in Nearly Nonmagnetostrictive Amorphous Ribbons

It has been determined that nearly nonmagnetostrictive amorphous ribbons have two zones, the elongated and shortened regions of the ribbon, of roughly equal thickness, opposite signs of magnetostriction and different magnitudes. The bulk magnetostriction is approximately equal to the average magnetostriction value for the two zones. These results have been obtained using two different methods. One method involved the study of the dependence of the surface magnetization on the stress in two nearly nonmagnetostrictive amorphous ribbons in the as-quenched state as well as in those ribbons after different amounts of electrolytic polishing. The other method was based on the measurement of the magnetostriction coefficient in both the as-quenched and polished samples of the two ribbons by the small angle magnetization rotation method.
Frailty and Effects of a Multidomain Physical Rehabilitation Intervention Among Older Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Frailty is common among older patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse quality of life (QOL) and a higher risk of clinical events. Frailty can also limit recovery and response to interventions. In the Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients (REHAB-HF) trial, a 3-month innovative, early, transitional, tailored, multidomain physical rehabilitation intervention improved physical function and QOL (vs usual care) in older patients with ADHF. Objective To evaluate whether baseline frailty modified the benefits of the physical rehabilitation intervention among patients with ADHF enrolled in the REHAB-HF trial and to assess the association between changes in frailty with the risk of adverse clinical outcomes on follow-up. Design, Setting, and Participants This prespecified secondary analysis of the REHAB-HF trial, a multicenter randomized clinical trial, included 337 patients 60 years and older hospitalized for ADHF. Patients were enrolled from September 17, 2014, through September 19, 2019. Participants were stratified across baseline frailty strata as assessed using modified Fried criteria. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to September 2022. Interventions Physical rehabilitation intervention or attention control. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score at 3 months. Clinical outcomes included all-cause hospitalization or mortality at 6 months. Results This prespecified secondary analysis included 337 participants; 181 (53.7%) were female, 167 (49.6%) were Black, and the mean (SD) age was 72 (8) years. A total of 192 (57.0%) were frail and 145 (43.0%) were prefrail at baseline. A significant interaction was observed between baseline frailty status and the treatment arm for the primary trial end point of overall SPPB score, with a 2.6-fold larger improvement in SPPB with intervention among frail patients (2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9) vs prefrail patients (0.8; 95% CI, -0.1 to 1.6; P for interaction = .03). Trends consistently favored a larger intervention effect size, with significant improvement among frail vs prefrail participants for 6-minute walk distance, QOL, and the geriatric depression score, but interactions did not achieve significance. Conclusions and Relevance In this prespecified secondary analysis of the REHAB-HF trial, patients with ADHF with worse baseline frailty status had a more significant improvement in physical function in response to an innovative, early, transitional, tailored, multidomain physical rehabilitation intervention than those who were prefrail. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02196038.
Online survey about keratoconus management by optometrists

Purpose: The aim of the study was to survey keratoconus management by optometrists in India. Methods: A validated online survey questionnaire was circulated to all optometrists from India who had completed 4 years of optometry programs. Practitioners were asked general contact lens practice questions and keratoconus management-related questions. For analysis, data were imported into SPSS (IBM Corp. 2011). Results: A total of 159 optometrists responded to the questionnaire, of whom 10.7% of practitioners had >10 years of experience and the remaining 89.3% had <10 years. Only 45.3% of respondents had corneal topography in their practice. Approximately 55% of practitioners prescribed gas permeable (GP) lenses. Around 77.4% of practitioners considered that a combination of multiple factors is necessary for keratoconus investigations. In addition, 91.8% of practitioners used the keratoconus severity classification. Also, 73% of practitioners consider that GP contact lens (CL) fitting is more difficult in keratoconic eyes than in healthy eyes. The average number of GP diagnostic lenses used in keratoconus CL fittings was 3.93 ± 1.92. A majority of practitioners calculate back optic zone radius (BOZR) using the manufacturer's guidelines (based on manual keratometry [39.6%] or based on corneal topography [40.3%]). Around 40.3% of respondents prefer to refer patients to another optometrist for CL fitting before consulting an ophthalmologist for surgical intervention. Finally, half of the respondents participate in co-management with ophthalmologists after surgical treatment (54.1%). Conclusion: This study provides details about the management of keratoconus by optometrists in India. Keratoconus patient care could be improved with new evidence-based guidelines for the management and referral of these patients that would provide guidance on GP CL fitting procedures. Furthermore, it determines referral criteria and enhances co-management between optometrists and ophthalmologists.
Some finite temperature aspects of the Anderson transition

The conductivity versus temperature, sigma (T) of disordered, three-dimensional indium oxide samples is analysed. It is demonstrated that the temperature dependence of sigma (T) as a function of disorder is in semi-quantitative agreement with current theories of the Anderson transition. In particular, it is shown that Imry's scale-dependent-diffusion regime exists over a well defined range of disorder. It is pointed out that at finite temperatures, insulating samples may appear to be conducting. This happens above a characteristic, disorder dependent temperature. It is also demonstrated that the situation is qualitatively different in a disordered two-dimensional system. A conjecture is then raised that the excess conductivity observed at high temperatures in three-dimensional systems reflects high-mobility states above a threshold energy. This conjecture is shown to be consistent with several hitherto unexplained experimental observations.
Dyadic-shift-based image processing

The dyadic shift-based image processing uses the address permutation of the individual pixels or the permutation of their gray levels or both by means of the XOR operation. It is properly described within the framework of the two-dimensional Walsh functions and Walsh transforms. The dyadic shift procedures allow the transformation of the original image and its posterior recovery without information loss by simply performing further permutations. In addition, comparison of particular features of different images can be achieved by applying dyadic correlations, which in turn can also take advantage of the Walsh transforms. Therefore, the dyadic shift-based image processing has potential applications on image encryption, image enhancement and filtering and pattern recognition among others.
A network approach to compute hypervolume under receiver operating characteristic manifold for multi‐class biomarkers

Computation of hypervolume under ROC manifold (HUM) is necessary to evaluate biomarkers for their capability to discriminate among multiple disease types or diagnostic groups. However the original definition of HUM involves multiple integration and thus a medical investigation for multi‐class receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis could suffer from huge computational cost when the formula is implemented naively. We introduce a novel graph‐based approach to compute HUM efficiently in this article. The computational method avoids the time‐consuming multiple summation when sample size or the number of categories is large. We conduct extensive simulation studies to demonstrate the improvement of our method over existing R packages. We apply our method to two real biomedical data sets to illustrate its application.
Testing Moving Average Against Autoregressive Disturbances in the Linear-Regression Model

This article considers testing for first-order moving average against first-order autoregressive disturbances in the linear-regression model. Tests investigated include approximate point-optimal invariant (POI) tests, an asymptotic test of the second-order residual autocorrelation coefficient, and a Lagrange multiplier. (LM) test. A Monte Carlo experiment compares their small-sample performances. Of the asymptotic tests, the LM test has the most satisfactory sizes, but its rival has the better overall power. We find that the approximate POI tests have superior size and power properties in comparison to the asymptotic tests. An approximate POI test is applied to a random-walk model for Australian real interest rates.
Modelling the atmospheric response to doubled CO2 and depleted stratospheric ozone using a stratosphere‐resolving coupled GCM

We investigate the atmospheric response to doubled CO2 and stratospheric ozone depletion in three versions of a general‐circulation model with differing vertical resolution and upper‐boundary heights. We find that an approximate doubling of the vertical resolution below 10 hPa reduces the temperature response to a doubling of CO2 from 3.4 K to 2.5 K. Much of this difference is associated with changes in the cloud response. All model versions show an increase in the Arctic Oscillation index in response to a doubling of CO2, but the increase is no larger in the model with an upper boundary at 0.01 hPa than in the standard model with a top level at 5 hPa. All models also show general stratospheric cooling in response to doubling CO2. However, unlike some other authors, we find no cooling in the Arctic winter vortex below around 10 hPa in the stratosphere‐resolving model, and a weakening of the zonal winds throughout this region. This effect is due to enhanced upward propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere, and is an effect found only in the northern hemisphere, probably because of its larger zonal asymmetries. All models show a small but significant surface cooling in response to a reconstruction of 1998 stratospheric ozone depletion, and an increase in the Antarctic Oscillation index in the southern summer. The cooling extends through most of the atmosphere, and reaches a maximum in the region of the Antarctic ozone hole in November and December. © Royal Meteorological Society, 2003. K. D. Williams's contribution is Crown copyright.
Stroop Test for Parkinson's Disease with Deep Brain Stimulation: A Systematic Review.

Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered an alternative treatment for patients with rapidly developing Parkinson's disease (PD). DBS can cause cognitive changes, and it is necessary to perform an executive assessment before and after DBS to better define the prognosis. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Stroop test for assessment of cognitive functions in patients with PD undergoing DBS. Methods The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were used as electronic databases. All included studies assessed the cognitive ability of patients with PD undergoing DBS through the application of the Stroop test. Results Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the studies, there were different formats of Stroop applications. Twenty-three articles presented negative results in relation to the individuals' performances in Stroop, compared to the control groups. The results suggested that there was no correlation between low performance in the test and global cognitive risk for the patients. Conclusion Patients with DBS declined in Stroop performance and showed impairments in response inhibition and speed. These results are not related to the lack of cognitive security of DBS. The Stroop test can be combined with other cognitive instruments to ensure greater approximation of results with reality measures.
Exciton localization in AlGaN alloys

Deep ultraviolet (UV) photoluminescence emission spectroscopy has been employed to study the exciton localization effect in AlGaN alloys. The temperature dependence of the exciton emission peak energy in AlxGa1−xN alloys (0⩽x⩽1) was measured from 10to800K and fitted by the Varshni equation. Deviations of the measured data from the Varshni equation at low temperatures directly provide the exciton localization energies, ELoc. It was found that ELoc increases with x for x⩽0.7, and decreases with x for x⩾0.8. Our experimental results revealed that for AlGaN alloys, ELoc obtained by the above method has simple linear relations with the localized exciton thermal activation energy and the emission linewidth, thereby established three parallel methods for directly measuring the exciton localization energies in AlGaN alloys. The consequence of strong carrier and exciton localization in AlGaN alloys on the applications of nitride deep UV optoelectronic devices is also discussed.
Event Horizons in Static Vacuum Space-Times

The following theorem is established. Among all static, asymptotically flat vacuum space-times with closed simply connected equipotential surfaces ${g}_{00}=\mathrm{constant}$, the Schwarzschild solution is the only one which has a nonsingular infinite-red-shift surface ${g}_{00}=0$. Thus there exists no static asymmetric perturbation of the Schwarzschild manifold due to internal sources (e.g., a quadrupole moment) which will preserve a regular event horizon. Possible implications of this result for asymmetric gravitational collapse are briefly discussed.
Low doses of diarrhoeagenic E. coli induce enhanced monocyte and mDC responses and prevent development of symptoms after homologous rechallenge

The experimental challenge with attenuated enterotoxigenic E. coli strain E1392/75-2A prevents diarrhea upon a secondary challenge with the same bacteria. A dose-response pilot study was performed to investigate which immunological factors are associated with this protection. Healthy subjects were inoculated with increasing E. coli doses of 1E6-1E10 CFU, and three weeks later, all participants were rechallenged with the highest dose (1E10 CFU). Gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms were recorded, and stool and blood samples were analyzed. After the primary challenge, stool frequency, diarrhea symptom scores, and E. coli-specific serum IgG (IgG-CFA/II) titer increased in a dose-dependent manner. Fecal calprotectin and serum IgG-CFA/II response after primary challenge were delayed in the lower dose groups. Even though stool frequency after the secondary challenge was inversely related to the primary inoculation dose, all E. coli doses protected against clinical symptoms upon rechallenge. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs with E. coli just before the second challenge resulted in increased numbers of IL-6+/TNF-α+ monocytes and mDCs than before the primary challenge, without dose-dependency. These data demonstrate that primary E. coli infection with as few as 1E6 CFU protects against a high-dose secondary challenge with a homologous attenuated strain. Increased serum IgG-CFA/II levels and E. coli-induced mDC and monocyte responses after primary challenge suggest that protection against secondary E. coli challenges is associated with adaptive as well as innate immune responses.
Effect of length and spacing of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on field emission properties

The length and the spacing of carbon nanotube (CNT) films are varied independently to investigate their effect on the field-emission characteristics of the vertically aligned CNT films grown by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition using pulsed-current electrochemically deposited catalyst particles. It is shown that, in general, the macroscopic electric field Emac,1, defined as the electric field when the emission current density reaches 1 mA/cm2, can be reduced by increasing the length and the spacing of CNTs. However, for the very-high-density CNT films, the increase of length increases Emac,1 slightly, whereas for the very short CNT films, the increase of spacing does not effectively reduce Emac,1.
Pure Rotational Spectra of HNCS in the Far Infrared Region: The Three Bending Excited States

Abstract The pure b -type rotational spectra of HNCS in the excited bending vibrational states v 4 = 1, v 5 = 1, and v 6 = 1 were measured in the far infrared region. A large number of forbidden transitions have been observed between the ground state and the v 5 (NCS-in-plane bend) = 1 state and between the excited bending states, which allowed us to determine precisely the rovibrational energy levels of the excited states without measuring the spectra in the infrared. Effective molecular parameters which reproduce the observed line positions within the experimental uncertainty have been determined in a global analysis. This global analysis allowed us to make exact predictions for additional forbidden transitions in the millimeter-wave region. They occur between the two bending states, the ν 4 (HNC) and ν 6 (NCS-out-of-plane) bending modes. Strong a -type Coriolis interaction causes these forbidden transitions and it is discussed by introducing a Pade formulation to describe the K a rotational levels.
The impact of gender and age on bullying role, self-harm and suicide: Evidence from a cohort study of Australian children

There has been limited longitudinal investigation to date into the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality in Australia and the impact of specific demographic differences on this relationship. This is despite the continued rise in the incidence of bullying, self-harm, and suicide. As such, the current study draws on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian children (LSAC) to examine the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality and explore the impact of demographic differences across three bullying related behaviors (being bullied, bullying others and being both bullied and bullying others). The evidence indicates that bully-victims exhibit the highest risk of self-harm and suicidality in Australia. When considering demographic differences, it was identified that females and adolescents aged 16-17-years-of-age had the highest risk of self-harm and suicidality. Further, a direct curvilinear relationship between age and the categories of self-harm was identified with an inflection point around 16–17 years. The study supports the need for further investigation into the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality longitudinally with a particular focus on other moderators.