Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive linguistic cues for fake news: a societal artificial intelligence problem

Media news are making a large part of public opinion and, therefore, must not be fake. News on web sites, blogs, and social media must be analyzed before being published. In this paper, we present linguistic characteristics of media news items to differentiate between fake news and real news using machine learning algorithms. Neural fake news generation, headlines created by machines, semantic incongruities in text and image captions generated by machine are other types of fake news problems. These problems use neural networks which mainly control distributional features rather than evidence. We propose applying correlation between features set and class, and correlation among the features to compute correlation attribute evaluation metric and covariance metric to compute variance of attributes over the news items. Features unique, negative, positive, and cardinal numbers with high values on the metrics are observed to provide a high area under the curve (AUC) and F1-score.
Study of Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococci Isolated from Clinically Relevant Samples with Special Reference to High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR) in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital

BACKGROUND Enterococci are important human pathogens that cause many infections including nosocomial infections. Some important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus species are urinary tract infections, bacterial endocarditis, genital tract infections, surgical wound infections, bacteraemia and meningitis. Around, 80 - 90% of infections are commonly caused by E. faecalis followed by E. faecium with a contribution of about 10 - 15% along with emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) including to vancomycin. Enterococci have developed both intrinsic and acquired resistance towards many antibiotics including to high level aminoglycosides. This short term project was undertaken to study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility (AST) pattern of Enterococcus species isolated from clinical specimen with special reference to high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in a rural tertiary care hospital. AST showed overall high resistance to Penicillin (98%) Ampicillin (86%), Gentamicin (85%), Ciprofloxacin (60%), Vancomycin (12%) (VRE), high level gentamicin (42%) (HLGR) and high level streptomycin (34%) (HLSR) and 15% isolates showed resistance to HLGR + HLSR. Multi drug resistance was seen in 40 (57.1%) E. faecalis isolates and 11 (52.3%) E. faecium isolates. Minimum resistance was observed with Linezolid (3%). The present study showed high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Enterococci. Hence, Enterococcus species isolated from samples should be routinely screened for HLAR, MDR and VRE so as to prevent the spread of multi drug resistant Enterococci and for proper selection of antibiotics.
Evaluation and development of hydraulic conductivity pedotransfer functions for Australian soil

Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for predicting saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were evaluated using published Australian soil data sets. Eight published PTFs were evaluated. Generally, published PTFs provide a satisfactory estimation of Ks depending on the spatial scale and accuracy of prediction. Several PTFs were developed in this study, including the power function of effective porosity, multiple linear regression, fractal model, and artificial neural networks. Different methods for estimating the fractal dimension of particle-size distributions showed no significant differences in predicting Ks . The simplest model for estimating fractal dimension from the log–log plot of particle-size distribution is therefore recommended. The data set was also stratified into 3 broad classes of texture: sandy, loamy, and clayey. Stratification of PTFs based on textural class showed small improvements in estimation. The published PTF of Dane and Puckett (1994) Proc. Int. Workshop (Univ. of California: Riverside, CA) gives the best prediction for sandy soil; the PTF of Cosby et al. (1984) Water Resources Research 20, 682–90 gives the best production for loamy soil; and the PTF of Schaap et al. (1998) Soil Science Society of America Journal 62, 847–55 gives the best prediction for clayey soil. The data set used comprised different field and laboratory measurements over large areas, and limited predictive variables were available. The PTFs developed here may predict adequately in large areas (residuals = 10–20 mm/h), but for site-specific applications, local calibration is needed.
Experimenting with Focal Points and Monetary Policy

This thesis consists of two parts. The first part uses economic experiments to investigate how participants choose to divide a surplus in the presence of competing focal points. The second part examines whether a monetary policy shock has asymmetric regional effects. Chapter 2 suggests a simple separation mechanism based on heterogeneity among subjects to understand how they choose equilibrium when there are competing focal points. In a Nash demand game where buyers and sellers bargain for a liter of milk, we find that some subjects choose to split the available surplus equally while others are sensitive to the frame and therefore choose the prevailing market price of the product. The choice of focal point seems to depend on subjects’ characteristics and how strong the frame is for the subject. Chapter 3 examines whether the focal point induced by a product is sensitive to experience. In a repeated Nash demand game where buyers and sellers bargain for a coca-cola, I find that a small difference in feedback affects whether average bids converge to equal-splits. When both parties can observe the opponent’s bid after each period, average bids do converge to equal-splits, but when the seller only learns if a transaction has taken place or not, average bids do not converge. Instead, around half of the subjects in this treatment stick to the prevailing market price of the product. This result remains when these sellers get to observe the buyer’s bid. The repeated choice of focal point is also affected by individual characteristics and how attached subjects are to the product. Chapter 4 investigates the effects on employment in 21 Swedish regions of a monetary policy shock using a VAR model with exogenous foreign variables for the 1993:1-2007:4 period. The regional impulse responses clearly indicate asymmetric effects in which employment falls significantly in some regions, while not changing significantly in others. These differences seem to stem from the interest and exchange rate channel, whereby regions with larger shares of employment in the goods sector and higher export intensity are adversely affected. In addition, there is one group of regions that, surprisingly, see increased employment in response to the same policy shock.
A Study on Relationship between Freezingthawing Processes of the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau and the Atmospheric Circulation Over East Asia

The seasonal freezing-thawing process on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is analyzed using the data of maximum depth of frozen soil from 64 stations, precipitation observations from 160 stations in China, and the NCAR/NCEP analysis. We have found that the seasonal freezing-thawing process on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau not only affects the circulations above the plateau but also has impact on the circulation over East Asia. During the years when the frozen soil is shallower (deeper) compared to normal time, the South Asian high in July is stronger (weaker) and is located far to the west (east), the Indian cyclone is stronger (weaker), the subtropics high of the west Pacific is weaker (stronger) and is located far to the east (west), and the easterly jet stream over the southern plateau is stronger (weaker). We also found the correlation between freezing-thawing processes and the summer monsoon activities. Three zones of significant correlation exist between the maximum depth of frozen soil and the summer (July) precipitation in China which has the same distribution as the summer mean rainfall patterns. Thus, the sensible and latent heating associated with the freezing-thawing processes is an important factor that influences the climate over East Asia.
Sistem Informasi Tingkat Bahaya Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Dengan Menggunakan Fire Weather Index (FWI) dan SIG Arcview

Kerugian dan dampak negatif yang cukup besar akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan menyebabkan perlunya suatu USAha pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan sejak dini. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu sistem informasi peringatan dini potensi kebakaran hutan / lahan dan penyebaran apinya, yang dilakukan melalui pengembangan sistem peringkat bahaya kebakaran hutan (Fire Danger Rating System / FDRS). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perhitungan komponen komponen FWI (Fire Weather Index) yaitu FFMC (Fine Fuel Moisture Code), DMC (Duff Moisture Code), DC (Drought Code), ISI (Initial Spread Index), BUI (Buildup Index) dan FWI (Fire Weather Index). Hasil perhitungan tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan terhadap tingkat bahaya kebakaran yang terjadi dan dilakukan pemetaan wilayah terhadap tingkat bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang debedakan berdasarkan warna dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis.
Mental health in Indigenous settings. Challenges for clinicians.

BACKGROUND Mental health problems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are common, changing and challenging. Particularly in remote settings, doctors will need to untangle the complex interplay of culture, context and clinical significance. OBJECTIVE This paper emphasises the importance of local knowledge and cultural respect in complementing clinical competence in the management of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with mental health problems. DISCUSSION Anxiety, depression, psychosis, self-harm and problems of childhood and old age are used to exemplify differences by comparison with practice in non-Indigenous populations.
Genetic Inheritance Models of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate: From Monogenic to Polygenic

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) is a prevalent birth defect that affects 1/500–1/1400 live births globally. The genetic basis of NSCL/P is intricate and involves both genetic and environmental factors. In the past few years, various genetic inheritance models have been proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NSCL/P. These models range from simple monogenic inheritance to more complex polygenic inheritance. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the genetic inheritance model of NSCL/P exemplified by representative genes and regions from both monogenic and polygenic perspectives. We also summarize existing association studies and corresponding loci of NSCL/P within the Chinese population and highlight the potential of utilizing polygenic risk scores for risk stratification of NSCL/P. The potential application of polygenic models offers promising avenues for improved risk assessment and personalized approaches in the prevention and management of NSCL/P individuals.
Potential antimalarials from African natural products: A reviw

Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African and other endemic countries globally. Resistance to antimalarial drugs has become one of the most momentous challenges to human health, and thus has necessitated the hunt for new and effective drugs. Consequently, few decades have witnessed a surfeit of research geared to validate the effectiveness of commonly used traditionally medicines against malaria fever. The present review work focuses on documenting natural products from African whose activity has been reported in vivo or in vitro against malaria parasite. Literature was collected using electronic search of published articles (Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Sciencedirect, and Science domain) that report on antiplasmodial activity of natural products from differernts Africa region. A total of 652 plant taxa from 146 families, 134 isolated antimalarial compounds from 39 plants species, 2 herbal formulations and 4 insect/products were found to be reported in literature from 1996 to 2015. Plants species from family Asteraceae (11.04%), Fababceae (8.128%), Euphorbiaceae (5.52%), Rubiaceas (5.52%), and Apocyanaceae (5.214%), have received more scientific validation than others. African natural products possess remarkable healing properties as revealed in the various citations as promising antimalarial agents. Some of these natural products from Africa demonstrate high, promising or low activities against Plasmodium parasite. This study also shows that natural products from Africa have a huge amount of novel antimalarial compounds that could serve as a leads for the development of new and effective antiplasmodial drugs. However, in a view of bridging the gap in knowledge, clinical validation of these natural products are of paramount importance.
Senescent Cells: Dual Implications on the Retinal Vascular System

Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, triggers a series of gradual alterations in structure, metabolism, and function, as well as inflammatory gene expression that nurtures a low-grade proinflammatory milieu in human tissue. A growing body of evidence indicates an accumulation of senescent neurons and blood vessels in response to stress and aging in the retina. Prolonged accumulation of senescent cells and long-term activation of stress signaling responses may lead to multiple chronic diseases, tissue dysfunction, and age-related pathologies by exposing neighboring cells to the heightened pathological senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the ultimate impacts of cellular senescence on the retinal vasculopathies and retinal vascular development remain ill-defined. In this review, we first summarize the molecular players and fundamental mechanisms driving cellular senescence, as well as the beneficial implications of senescent cells in driving vital physiological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Then, the dual implications of senescent cells on the growth, hemostasis, and remodeling of retinal blood vessels are described to document how senescent cells contribute to both retinal vascular development and the severity of proliferative retinopathies. Finally, we discuss the two main senotherapeutic strategies—senolytics and senomorphics—that are being considered to safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence.
Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates

Preface. The CO2-Carbonic Acid System and Solution Chemistry. Interactions Between Carbonate Minerals and Solutions. Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals. The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments. Composition and Source of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments. Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments. Early Non-Marine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates. Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes. Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact. Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earth's Surface Environment. References. Index.
The University of Chicago The Booth School of Business of the University of Chicago The University of Chicago Law School Does Shareholder Proxy Access Improve Firm Value ? Evidence from the Business Roundtable ’ s Challenge

We use the Business Roundtable’s challenge to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) 2010 proxy access rule as a natural experiment to measure the value of shareholder proxy access. We find that firms that would have been most vulnerable to proxy access, as measured by institutional ownership and activist institutional ownership, lost value on October 4, 2010, when the SEC unexpectedly announced that it would delay implementation of the rule in response to the Business Roundtable’s challenge. We examine intraday returns and find that the loss of value occurred just after the SEC’s announcement on October 4. We find similar results for July 22, 2011, when the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled in favor of the Business Roundtable. These findings are consistent with the view that financial markets placed a positive value on shareholder access, as implemented in the SEC’s 2010
Part 5: Learning is a Social Act

ABSTRACT Educational psychologists have developed several theories on how individuals learn via interactions with others. Prominent ideas that apply to reference librarianship and teaching information literacy are the theory of social constructivism, social-cognitive theory, and socio-cultural theory. These theories’ emphasis on the social aspect of learning underscore why collaborative learning within diverse groups can lead to deeper and broader learning. Techniques for effectively scaffolding student learning are introduced. We highlight the key role of collaboration for students to develop the ability to transfer knowledge, and the Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning technique for developing.
Seasonal Variations of Precipitation Properties Associated with the Monsoon over Palau in the Western Pacific

Abstract In this study, the authors focused on the seasonal variations of precipitation properties over the western Pacific, particularly those associated with the wind direction of the monsoon. An observational project over Peleliu Island in the Republic of Palau was carried out, and data on precipitation, equivalent cloud amount, and precipitable water were collected from 28 June 2001 to 30 April 2002. First, the monsoon season over Palau was defined as a period with 850-hPa zonal-wind sounding data with sustained winds exceeding 5 m s−1. The westerly wind regime continued until 25 November 2001, and the next westerly wind regime began on 18 May 2002. The equivalent cloud amount increased during the period when the westerly wind intensified. The precipitation had a diurnal variation in the active phase of the westerly wind regime, increasing from nighttime to early morning and decreasing in the afternoon. The diurnal variation was weak in the inactive phase and had a lesser afternoon maximum. Precipitat.
Protein Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Pending Questions

Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic and often fatal illnesses that affect the most precious qualities of human beings. This group of disorders include highly prevalent diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and other rarer as Hungtinton’s disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, prion diseases (also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite the diversity in clinical manifestation, neurodegenerative diseases share many common features including their relationship to aging, the progressive and chronic nature of the disease, the extensive, but localized lost of neurons and synaptic abnormalities and the presence of cerebral deposits of misfolded protein aggregates. Research over the past 20 years has provided compelling evidence for a key role of these aggregates as the culprits of neurodegeneration [1,2]. Each neurodegenerative disease is associated with abnormalities in the folding, leading to formation of oligomers and large aggregates composed of a different protein. In this article, I outline the main pending questions related to the involvement of misfolded protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases.
USO E DEGRADAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO: estudo na Microbacia Hidrográfica do Rio Farinha, Paraíba, Brasil

Este estudo avaliou a utilizacao e conservacao dos recursos naturais e elencou estrategias de convivencia desenvolvidas na Microbacia Hidrografica do Rio Farinha, Estado da Paraiba, Brasil, circunscrita entre as coordenadas geograficas 07o01’39” a 07o16’50” de latitude Sul e 36o43’41” a 37o16’28” de longitude a Oeste de Greenwich, area de 822,7 Km², que integra a Bacia Hidrografica Piranhas-Acu. A metodologia empregada embasou-se na tecnica de estudo de caso, com emprego de tecnicas de geoprocessamento e pesquisa de campo. Compreendeu a execucao de quatro etapas. A primeira referiu-se a delimitacao da Microbacia Hidrografica do Rio Farinha; a segunda a identificacao dos impactos ambientais difusos. A terceira etapa constou do levantamento e analise preliminar de tres areas com impactos ambientais pontuais: atividade mineradora no Municipio de Salgadinho, cultivos agricolas no Municipio de Teixeira e deposicao de residuos solidos urbanos do municipio de Patos. A quarta e ultima etapa constou da apresentacao das alternativas de convivencia com o semiarido implantadas na area de estudo. Identificou-se que as atividades antropicas desconsideram os impactos que possam ocorrer a jusante das referidas atividades, os monocultivos, a pratica da mineracao, a deposicao de residuos solidos e liquidos sao exemplos destas atividades realizadas sem o uso de medidas mitigadoras. Palavras-chave: Degradacao Ambiental – Captacao e Armazenamento de Aguas Pluviais – Residuos Solidos Urbanos – Atividade Mineradora.
Ion and electron temperature evolution during equatorial spread F

The first simulation study of ion (O+ and H+) and electron temperature evolution during equatorial spread F (ESF) is presented. The simulation results are based on the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) SAMI3/ESF three‐dimensional code. It is found that the ions and electrons undergo both cooling and heating during bubble evolution. The main cause of cooling is adiabatic, associated with the increase of the flux tube volume as the plasma bubble rises. Ion heating is primarily caused by the compression of ions as they stream down the converging magnetic field. The electrons are heated by collisional coupling with the ions. Additionally, it is found that the electrons are heated at high altitudes (≳1200 km) because of thermal conduction, and that hydrogen ions can be heated at relatively low altitudes (≃300 km) because of ion‐neutral frictional heating. We compare the simulation results with observations from the ROCSAT and Hinotori satellites.
UNGRADED SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE

a. We recommend that diabetes should not on its own preclude a patient from being considered for kidney transplantation (1D). b. We recommend that potential renal transplant candidates with diabetes are screened for cardiovascular disease in accordance with the “Cardiovascular Disease” sub-topic guidelines (1D). c. We suggest that renal transplant candidates with diabetes be considered for preemptive transplantation due to better patient and graft survival compared to transplantation after the commencement of dialysis. (2C) d. We suggest that, following screening for cardiovascular disease, Type 1 diabetic transplant candidates should be considered for referral for simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) or live donor renal transplantation. (2B)
STRONG-MOTION DATA FROM THE M6.0 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 28, 2004

The M6.0 Parkfield earthquake of September 28, 2004 that occurred on the San Andreas fault near the town of Parkfield in central California produced the most extensive and dense set of near-fault strong motion recordings ever obtained in California. As a result of a widely accepted likelihood of an earthquake in the area, a large number of strong motion stations had been deployed in the area. The arrays and the resultant strong-motion measurements of the earthquake, as well as preliminary observations are described here. The data includes very high variability in the near fault motion and accelerations as high as 2.5g.