Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Mixture of Experts using Dynamic Recompilations

The Mixture of Experts architecture allows for outrageously large neural networks by scaling model parameter size independently from computational demand (FLOPs). However, current DNN frameworks cannot effectively support the dynamic data flow in Mixture of Experts, and implementations on top of these frameworks need to use workarounds that introduce significant overheads. To address the limitation of these frameworks, we present DynaMoE, a DNN library that uses dynamic recompilations to optimize and adapt the use of computational resources to the dynamic needs of Mixture of Experts models. Our evaluation shows that DynaMoE achieves a 1.8x speedup and supports 2.3x larger model sizes when compared to existing MoE systems, even when not using recompilations. We then present further optimizations enabled by dynamic recompilations that yield an additional 1.7x speedup while simultaneously reducing memory pressure and improving model quality.
Outside-in Software Development: A Practical Approach to Building Successful Stakeholder-based Products

"Outside-in thinking complements any approach your teams may be taking to the actual implementation of software, but it changes how you measure success. A successful outside-in team does a lot of learning and not much speculation. "-Tom PoppendieckBuild Software That Delivers Maximum Business Value to Every Key StakeholderImagine your ideal development project. It will deliver exactly what your clients need. It will achieve broad, rapid, enthusiastic adoption. And it will be designed and built by a productive, high-morale team of expert software professionals. Using this book's breakthrough "outside-in" approach to software development, your next project can be that ideal project.In Outside-in Software Development, two of IBM's most respected software leaders, Carl Kessler and John Sweitzer, show you how to identify the stakeholders who'll determine your project's real value, shape every decision around their real needs, and deliver software that achieves broad, rapid, enthusiastic adoption.The authors present an end-to-end framework and practical implementation techniques any development team can quickly benefit from, regardless of project type or scope. Using their proven approach, you can improve the effectiveness of every client conversation, define priorities with greater visibility and clarity, and make sure all your code delivers maximum business value.Coverage includes Understanding your stakeholders and the organizational and business context they operate in Clarifying the short- and long-term stakeholder goals your project will satisfy More effectively mapping project expectations to outcomes Building more "consumable" software: systems that are easier to deploy, use, and support Continuously enhancing alignment with stakeholder goals Helping stakeholders manage ongoing change long after you've delivered your product Mastering the leadership techniques needed to drive outside-in development
ASP-Based Declarative Process Mining

We put forward Answer Set Programming (ASP) as a solution approach for three classical problems in Declarative Process Mining: Log Generation, Query Checking, and Conformance Checking. These problems correspond to different ways of analyzing business processes under execution, starting from sequences of recorded events, a.k. a. event logs. We tackle them in their data-aware variant, i.e., by considering events that carry a payload (set of attribute-value pairs), in addition to the performed activity, specifying processes declaratively with an extension of linear-time temporal logic over finite traces (LTLf). The data-aware setting is significantly more challenging than the control-flow one: Query Checking is still open, while the existing approaches for the other two problems do not scale well. The contributions of the work include an ASP encoding schema for the three problems, their solution, and experiments showing the feasibility of the approach.
Drug-Resistance and Population Structure of Plasmodium Drug-Resistance and Population Structure of Plasmodium falciparum Across the Democratic Republic of Congo Using High- falciparum Across the Democratic Republic of Congo Using High-Throughput Molecular Inversion Probes Throughput Molecular Invers

A better understanding of the drivers of the spread of malaria parasites and drug resistance across space and time is needed. These drivers can be elucidated using genetic tools. Here, a novel molecular inversion probe (MIP) panel targeting all major drug-resistance mutations and a set of microsatellites was used to genotype Plasmodium falciparum infections of 552 children from the 2013–2014 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Microsatellite-based analysis of population structure suggests that parasites within the DRC form a homogeneous population. In contrast, sulfadoxine-resistance markers in dihydropteroate synthase show marked spatial structure with ongoing spread of double and triple mutants compared with 2007. These findings suggest that parasites in the DRC remain panmictic despite rapidly spreading antimalarial-resistance mutations. Moreover, highly multiplexed targeted sequencing using MIPs emerges as a cost-effective method for elucidating pathogen genetics in complex infections in large cohorts.
Perceptual Matching of Room Acoustics for Auditory Augmented Reality in Small Rooms - Literature Review and Theoretical Framework

For the realization of auditory augmented reality (AAR), it is important that the room acoustical properties of the virtual elements are perceived in agreement with the acoustics of the actual environment. This perceptual matching of room acoustics is the subject reviewed in this paper. Realizations of AAR that fulfill the listeners’ expectations were achieved based on pre-characterization of the room acoustics, for example, by measuring acoustic impulse responses or creating detailed room models for acoustic simulations. For future applications, the goal is to realize an online adaptation in (close to) real-time. Perfect physical matching is hard to achieve with these practical constraints. For this reason, an understanding of the essential psychoacoustic cues is of interest and will help to explore options for simplifications. This paper reviews a broad selection of previous studies and derives a theoretical framework to examine possibilities for psychoacoustical optimization of room acoustical matching.
Top 5 AJSM Papers in Translational Biology Over the Past 50 Years

insight into the translational relevance of studying the basic biology of meniscus healing, and this perspective provided the impetus for studies that have had great clinical relevance for the practicing clinician. As basic laboratory techniques in the biological sciences become more and more sophisticated and technically advanced, including investigations using multi-parameter flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, complex transgenic murine models, and bioinformatics
ISG15 enhances glioma cell stemness by promoting Oct4 protein stability

The effects of ISG15 or ISGylation on tumor progression have been widely revealed; however, its roles in glioma progression are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of ISG15 in glioma progression. Here, ISG15 level was found to be upregulated in glioma tissues compared to the paired/unpaired normal tissues, and positively correlated with the level of stemness markers in glioma tissues. Loss of functional experiments indicated that ISG15 positively regulated glioma cell stemness, as evident by the increase of sphere formation ability, ALDH activity, stemness marker expression, and tumor‐initiating ability. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ISG15 directly interacted with Oct4 protein, a critical stemness promoter, induced the ISGylation of Oct4 protein, and thus enhanced Oct4 protein stability. Additionally, it was found that Oct4 was ISGylated at lysine 284 (K284), which has been confirmed to be the ubiquitination site of Oct4 protein, and ISG15 knockdown did not degrade K284R mutant Oct4. Furthermore, ISG15 knockdown‐induced downregulation of glioma cell stemness was rescued by Oct4 overexpression, but not by K284R mutant Oct4. Altogether, we suggest that ISG15‐induced ISGylation of Oct4 protein is essential for glioma cell stemness.
Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Phenotypes with the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality: A Cohort Study in Korea

Background We investigated whether low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and isolated and non-isolated low HDL-C levels are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality among Korean adults. Methods We included 8,665,841 individuals aged ≥20 years who had undergone a health examination provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in 2009 and were followed up until the end of 2018. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for study outcomes were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results During the 8.2 years of mean follow-up, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause mortality occurred in 81,431, 110,996, and 244,309 individuals, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables (model 3), individuals with low HDL-C and lower HDL quartiles were associated with significantly increased risks of all three outcomes, compared to those with normal HDL-C and highest HDL-C quartile (all P<0.001), respectively. HRs for incident MI (1.28; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.30), stroke (1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.15), and all-cause mortality (1.07; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.08) increased in the non-isolated low HDL-C group compared to the normal HDL-C group. Isolated low HDL-C also showed an increase in the HRs of incident stroke (1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08) and all-cause mortality (1.30; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.32). Conclusion Low HDL-C and non-isolated low HDL-C were associated with increased risk of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality, and isolated low HDL-C was associated with incident stroke and all-cause mortality risk.
Comparison of prognoses between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal varices undergoing surgical resection

Background: Esophageal varices (EV) is common and is a poor prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the outcomes between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic HCC patients with EV is not well studied. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations and prognoses of HCC patients after surgical resection stratified by the cirrhosis status. Methods: A total of 111 patients with HCC and EV, who underwent surgical resection, were retrospectively enrolled between July 2003 and July 2019. The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was established using the Ishak fibrosis score F5 or F6 in the nontumor part of liver specimens. Prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: There were 85 (76.6%) and 26 (23.4%) patients with and without cirrhosis, respectively. Compared with those without cirrhosis, there were more females, less seropositive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), more seropositive rate of antibody against to hepatitis C virus (HCV), less albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 1, lower platelet count, and more had tumor burden within the Milan criteria in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients had a higher risk of posthepatectomy decompensation compared to noncirrhotic patients (hazard ratio 9.577, p = 0.017). No difference was observed in overall survival and recurrence-free survival between patients with or without cirrhosis. Conclusion: Compared with patients without cirrhosis, cirrhotic patients with HCC and EV are vulnerable to posthepatectomy decompensation. However, cirrhosis is not a poor prognostic factor of overall survival and recurrence for HCC patients after surgical resection.
Use of artificial intelligence in activating the role of Saudi universities in joint scientific research between university teachers and students

Scientific research in Saudi Arabia’s universities has undergone significant changes in recent years with the speed of higher education expansion and the opening of new universities. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be applied to existing data analysis processes to enhance pattern recognition and to support advanced data analysis. This study aimed to investigate the obstacles to activating the role of university instructors and students in joint scientific research. The study also aimed to evaluate joint scientific research between university teachers and students in universities, as well as the mechanisms for activating joint scientific research among male and female students in health and humanities science within Saudi universities, to enhance creation and invention achievements. To determine the obstacles to activating scientific research roles between students and tutors in Saudi universities using AI, a simple random sampling technique was adopted for this study. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to 250 respondents affiliated with universities in Saudi Arabia. The data collected were statistically analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The results of this study revealed that the objectives of joint scientific research between university teachers and students in universities have a significant positive predictor of obstacles to activating the role of teachers in joint scientific research with students in Saudi universities. The study also showed that there was a statistically significant correlation (p value = 0.00) between each of the variables.
Performance of infectious diseases specialists, hospitalists, and other internal medicine physicians in antimicrobial case-based scenarios: Potential impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs at 16 Veterans’ Affairs medical centers

Abstract Objective: As part of a project to implement antimicrobial dashboards at select facilities, we assessed physician attitudes and knowledge regarding antibiotic prescribing. Design: An online survey explored attitudes toward antimicrobial use and assessed respondents’ management of four clinical scenarios: cellulitis, community-acquired pneumonia, non–catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria, and catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria. Setting: This study was conducted across 16 Veterans’ Affairs (VA) medical centers in 2017. Participants: Physicians working in inpatient settings specializing in infectious diseases (ID), hospital medicine, and non-ID/hospitalist internal medicine. Methods: Scenario responses were scored by assigning +1 for answers most consistent with guidelines, 0 for less guideline-concordant but acceptable answers and −1 for guideline-discordant answers. Scores were normalized to 100% guideline concordant to 100% guideline discordant across all questions within a scenario, and mean scores were calculated across respondents by specialty. Differences in mean score per scenario were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Overall, 139 physicians completed the survey (19 ID physicians, 62 hospitalists, and 58 other internists). Attitudes were similar across the 3 groups. We detected a significant difference in cellulitis scenario scores (concordance: ID physicians, 76%; hospitalists, 58%; other internists, 52%; P = .0087). Scores were numerically but not significantly different across groups for community-acquired pneumonia (concordance: ID physicians, 75%; hospitalists, 60%; other internists, 56%; P = .0914), for non–catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (concordance: ID physicians, 65%; hospitalists, 55%; other internists, 40%; P = .322), and for catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (concordance: ID physicians, 27% concordant; hospitalists, 8% discordant; other internists 13% discordant; P = .12). Conclusions: Significant differences in performance regarding management of cellulitis and low overall performance regarding asymptomatic bacteriuria point to these conditions as being potentially high-yield targets for stewardship interventions.
Understanding How In-Visualization Provenance Can Support Trade-off Analysis

In domains such as agronomy or manufacturing, experts need to consider trade-offs when making decisions that involve several, often competing, objectives. Such analysis is complex and may be conducted over long periods of time, making it hard to revisit. In this paper, we consider the use of analytic provenance mechanisms to aid experts recall and keep track of trade-off analysis. We implemented VisProm, a web-based trade-off analysis system, that incorporates in-visualization provenance views, designed to help experts keep track of trade-offs and their objectives. We used VisProm as a technology probe to understand user needs and explore the potential role of provenance in this context. Through observation sessions with three groups of experts analyzing their own data, we make the following contributions. We first, identify eight high-level tasks that experts engaged in during trade-off analysis, such as locating and characterizing interest zones in the trade-off space, and show how these tasks can be supported by provenance visualization. Second, we refine findings from previous work on provenance purposes such as recall and reproduce, by identifying specific objects of these purposes related to trade-off analysis, such as interest zones, and exploration structure (e.g., exploration of alternatives and branches). Third, we discuss insights on how the identified provenance objects and our designs support these trade-off analysis tasks, both when revisiting past analysis and while actively exploring. And finally, we identify new opportunities for provenance-driven trade-off analysis, for example related to monitoring the coverage of the trade-off space, and tracking alternative trade-off scenarios.
A Study On Opportunities, Chalenges And Successes In Using Hadiyyisa As A Mediu Of Instruction: The Case Of Hadiyya Zone Primary Schools/Snnprs

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the opportunities that have promoted the use of Hadiyyisa as a medium of instruction, the challenges thet were faced in due course of its implementation and the successes that have been gained as a result of the implementation of Hadiyyisa in the primary shools of Hadiyya Zone for instructional purpose. To this end, a descriptive survy method was employed to collect and analyze data. Mainly, concurrent nested approach was followed during the collection and analysise of data. Accordingly, sampling was carried out through both random and purposive sampling techniques. Thus, nine sampled schools were selected from Soro, Misha and Misrak-Badawacho woredas of Hadiyya Zone. The subjects of this study were 30 teachers, 170 students, 10 educational officials and 16 parents. Data were gathered through quetionnaires, interview and observation. The research result indicates that relatively stimulated community attitude and psychological readiness to use mother tongue, Enthsiastic feelings of Hadiyya intellectuals, positive support of local Political Authorities, experience gainedfrom the Literacy Campaign and National Language Policy as some of the opportunities that have induced the use of Hadiyyisafor instructional purposes. On the other hand, scarce instructional materials, insufficiently simplified translation of teaching materials, insuffiCient training to develop skills of instructional language and insuffiCient participation of teachers in preparation and evaluation of the instructional materials were some of the challenges that were identified by the study. Moreover, this study also had identified successes in that relatively increased students enrollement, decreased dropouts and repetions rates as were successes. Besides this, research result also indicated those most likely improved students' selj-estt~m and selj-expression, motivated classroom activities, preparation of subject dictionary in the vernacular language and giving education supported by radio transimition in Hadiyyisa and some others as successes gained because of the use of Hadiyyisffor instructional purposes though researcher believes that many other factors would also contribute to this result.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Cause Natriuresis in the Absence of Aldosterone

Background: MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) antagonists are recommended for patients with resistant hypertension even when circulating aldosterone levels are not high. Although aldosterone activates MR to increase epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, glucocorticoids also activate MR but are metabolized by 11βHSD2 (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2). 11βHSD2 is expressed at increasing levels from distal convoluted tubule (DCT) through collecting duct. Here, we hypothesized that MR maintains ENaC activity in the DCT2 and early connecting tubule in the absence of aldosterone. Methods: We studied AS (aldosterone synthase)-deficient (AS−/−) mice, which were backcrossed onto the same C57BL6/J strain as kidney-specific MR knockout (KS-MR−/−) mice. KS-MR−/− mice were used to compare MR expression and ENaC localization and cleavage with AS−/− mice. Results: MR was highly expressed along DCT2 through the cortical collecting duct (CCD), whereas no 11βHSD2 expression was observed along DCT2. MR signal and apical ENaC localization were clearly reduced along both DCT2 and CCD in KS-MR−/− mice but were fully preserved along DCT2 and were partially reduced along CCD in AS−/− mice. Apical ENaC localization and ENaC currents were fully preserved along DCT2 in AS−/− mice and were not increased along CCD after low salt. AS−/− mice exhibited transient Na+ wasting under low-salt diet, but administration of the MR antagonist eplerenone to AS−/− mice led to hyperkalemia and decreased body weight with higher Na+ excretion, mimicking the phenotype of MR−/− mice. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that MR is activated in the absence of aldosterone along DCT2 and partially CCD, suggesting glucocorticoid binding to MR preserves sodium homeostasis along DCT2 in AS−/− mice.
The cGMP‐dependent protein kinase gene can regulate trail‐following behaviour and locomotion in the termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder

Social behaviours in termites are closely related to the chemical communication between individuals. It is well known that foraging worker termites can use trail pheromones to orient and locomote along trails so as to take food resources back to the nest. However, it is still unclear how termites recognize trail pheromones. Here, we cloned and sequenced the cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) gene from the termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder, and then examined the response of termites to trail pheromones after silencing PKG through RNA interference. We found that PKG knockdown impaired termite ability to follow trail pheromones accurately and exhibited irregular behavioural trajectories in response to the trail pheromone in the termite R. chinensis. Our locomotion assays further showed that PKG knockdown significantly increased the turn angle and angular velocity in the termite R. chinensis. These findings help us better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of foraging communications in termites.