Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pars-ABSA: an Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis dataset for Persian

Due to the increased availability of online reviews, sentiment analysis had been witnessed a booming interest from the researchers. Sentiment analysis is a computational treatment of sentiment used to extract and understand the opinions of authors. While many systems were built to predict the sentiment of a document or a sentence, many others provide the necessary detail on various aspects of the entity (i.e. aspect-based sentiment analysis). Most of the available data resources were tailored to English and the other popular European languages. Although Persian is a language with more than 110 million speakers, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of public dataset on aspect-based sentiment analysis for Persian. This paper provides a manually annotated Persian dataset, Pars-ABSA, which is verified by 3 native Persian speakers. The dataset consists of 5,114 positive, 3,061 negative and 1,827 neutral data samples from 5,602 unique reviews. Moreover, as a baseline, this paper reports the performance of some state-of-the-art aspect-based sentiment analysis methods with a focus on deep learning, on Pars-ABSA. The obtained results are impressive compared to similar English state-of-the-art.
Earthquakes' impact on hydrothermal systems may be far‐reaching

Recent work has linked earthquake activity with changes in flow and temperature due to hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges. These intriguing relationships are important motivation for modeling marine hydrothermal systems. However, a re-examination of some earlier vent monitoring data from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, combined with analysis of recently reprocessed SOSUS (SOund Surveillance System) hydrophone data (Figure 1), suggest that such activity may be linked over considerable distances of greater than 200 km and reaction intervals of over a month. The available observational data are sparse, so the direct association between earthquakes and changes in crustal fluid circulation are difficult to verify. However, the response times and distance scales are consistent with other observations, including earthquakes in land-based settings [Hill et al., 1993] and modeling of flow in porous media [Pruis et al., 2000]. If true, these associations imply that marine hydrothermal systems are extremely complex and may be sensitive to very subtle environmental changes.
Architecture and Neogene to Recent evolution of the western Calabrian continental margin: An upper plate perspective to the Ionian subduction system, central Mediterranean

The western Calabria continental margin forms the transition between the Pliocene to Recent Marsili spreading center and continental Calabria, all parts of the upper plate of the Ionian subduction zone. Integrating high‐resolution and crustal seismic images constrained by gravity modeling, we provide a detailed reconstruction of the architecture of the margin and develop a new scheme for its Miocene to present evolution. This time span encompasses the continent‐continent collision between Africa and Eurasia, subsequent orogenic collapse and rifting apart between the two continental masses, and the Pliocene to Recent emplacement of oceanic crust in the Vavilov and Marsili basins. The crust of the margin thins from the Calabria coast (∼25 km) to the Marsili continent‐ocean transition (∼12 km). On the whole, upper and lower crusts thin proportionally with pure shear geometry. The continental margin is covered by an Oligocene(? ) to present sedimentary succession reaching a maximum thickness of ∼6.0 km in the Paola Basin. During the Miocene the continental margin experienced regional shortening accommodated by a large number of mainly west vergent thrusts possibly associated with the late stages of the Kabilo‐Calabrian chain. Shortening continued through Pliocene to Recent but was accommodated by a limited number of west vergent thrust faults located in the western part of the margin and by a few tens of kilometers wide syncline located in the eastern part of the profile. The accommodation space created in the syncline core hosted a ∼4.5 km thick, Plio‐Quaternary sedimentary succession, the Paola Basin. No significant extensional fault is observed along the profile. Miocene to Recent subsidence was controlled by (1) a short‐wavelength component related to shortening and responsible for the formation of the Paola Basin syncline and, possibly, contributing to the uplift of onshore Calabria and (2) a long‐wavelength component responsible for the regional subsidence and oceanward tilting of the Calabria margin. Short‐wavelength subsidence ended in the late Pliocene, but long‐wavelength downward movements persisted and even accelerated during late Pliocene(? ) to Quaternary times when the present‐day bathymetry was achieved. Both horizontal deformations and vertical movements are difficult to explain in the context of a normal back‐arc basin without taking into consideration patterns of secondary mantle flow generated by the retreat of the subducting slab.
Correlation of ozone with NOy in photochemically aged air

During the summer of 1988, measurements of photochemical trace species were made at a coordinated network of seven rural sites in the eastern United States and Canada. At six of these sites concurrent measurements of ozone and the sum of the reactive nitrogen species, NOy, were made, and at four of the sites a measure for the reaction products of the NOx oxidation was obtained. Common to all sites, ozone, in photochemically aged air during the summer, shows an increase with increasing NOy levels, from a background value of 30–40 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at NOy mixing ratios below 1 ppbv to values between 70 to 100 ppbv at NOy levels of 10 ppbv. Ozone correlates even more closely with the products of the NOx oxidation. The correlations from the different sites agree closely at mixing ratios of the oxidation products below 5 ppbv, but systematic differences appear at higher levels. Variations in the biogenic hydrocarbon emissions may explain these differences.
Comparison of the dose distribution of the VMAT radiotherapy technique depending on the beam used: FFF-X10MV and FFF-X15MV

Background The aim of the study was to answer the question of whether flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) beams can be used alternately in the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment technique, regardless of the size of the irradiated volume [small (S) or large (L) planning target volume (PTV)]. Materials and methods Two groups of patients were examined: a group with a S-PTV-laryngeal cancer and a group with a L-PTV — gynecological volume. For each patient, two treatment plans were made for beams (energies): FFF-X10MV and FF-X15MV. Then, a statistical analysis, nonparametric test, and independent groups were performed, comparing the beams’ impact on the analyzed treatment plans. Results In the case of laryngeal irradiation (S-PTV), there are no statistically significant differences between the energy used and the assessed parameters of the plan. In the case of gynecological volume (L-PTV), only statistically significant differences were noted for the number of monitor units depending on the energy used. For a large irradiated volume (gynecological case), the use of FFF beams increases the number of monitor units by 39,4% in relation to the FF beam. Conclusions In the case of gynecological neoplasms, statistically significant differences were found in the number of monitor units. Therefore, in the case of irradiation of L-PTV, it is recommended that flattening-filtering beams are used due to the smaller number of monitors. In the case of S-PTV, no statistically significant differences were found between the types of beams used (FF or FFF) and the treatment plan parameters analyzed in the study.
The electric field alignment of ice particles in thunderstorms

Electrical and aerodynamic torques on atmospheric ice particles are calculated in order to assess the degree of alignment of these particles with the electric fields in thunderstorms. In such clouds fields of many tens of kilovolts per meter are commonly measured, and values of 100 to 200 kV/m are not rare. For E = 100 kV/m the calculations indicate that electric field alignment occurs for crystals with major dimensions up to maximum values in the range from 200 μ to 1 mm, depending upon crystal type. Columns are aligned more easily than platelike crystals, except for dendrites which, by virtue of their smaller assumed density, have smaller fall velocities thereby experiencing weaker aerodynamic torques. Thus a substantial degree of alignment is expected for E = 100 kV/m. For E = 10 kV/m only much smaller crystals will be aligned, probably only ones with major dimensions of less than 50 μ or so.
To prepare and evaluate ginger: Chamomile anti-emetic tablet

Ginger is used for the motion sickness and as anti-emetic remedy from longer period of time. In Ayurveda also ginger is mentioned as one of the important ingredient to remove the cough from the body. The main effects of ginger are due to chemical constituents present in that such as gingerols and shogaols that act as their active agents. In the dried flower of chamomile there are presence of flavonoid and terpenoid due to which if gave the medicinal effects. Chamomile preparations are commonly used for many human ailments such as hay fever, inflammation, muscle spasms, menstrual disorders, insomnia, ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain, and hemorrhoids. Essential oils of chamomile are used extensively in cosmetics and aromatherapy. Many different preparations of chamomile have been developed, the most popular of which is in the form of herbal tea consumed more than one million cups per day. In this study we prepare and evaluate chamomile and ginger tablet. Tablets are among convenient dosage forms which patients prefer due to their advantages. This tablet is specifically use for anti-emetic purpose.
Impact of floating population on the epidemic of tuberculosis: a spatial analysis

According to the report issued by the Health Bureau of Beijing that the number of newly registered active pulmonary tuberculosis cases in floating population exceeded half of that in registered permanent residence in 2006. More attention has been paid to the tuberculosis of floating population. Materials and methods: The population data included in the studied was reported by the Beijing Police Bureau in 2004, and the case source from 2004 to 2006 was provided by Beijing Research Institute for TB Control. Two GIS-based methods have been used to detect the hot spots of tuberculosis in 18 districts of Beijing. Results: The distributions of hot spots of tuberculosis in Beijing are significantly associated with that of floating people. Most likely cluster from all population matches with those from floating population, which is stable from 2004 to 2006. Conclusion: The spatial analytical results indicated that the floating population has a drastic influence on the epidemic of tuberculosis in Beijing. The tuberculosis control measures should incorporate the effect of floating population.
Can we predict who will benefit from the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) technique for breast cancer irradiation?

Background The objective was to explore the clinical use of an “in-house” prototype developed to monitor respiratory motion to implement the deep inspiration breath hold technique (DIBH), compare dosimetric differences, and assess whether simple anatomic metrics measured on free breathing (FB) computed tomography scan (CT) can help in selecting patients that would benefit the most from the technique. Materials and methods A prospective study was conducted on patients with left breast cancer with an indication of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast only. Treatment simulation consisted of four series of CTs: the first during FB and three in DIBH to assess the reproducibility and stability of apnea. Contouring was based on the RTOG atlas, and planning was done in both FB and DIBH. Dosimetric and geometric parameters were assessed and compared between FB and DIBH. Results From June 2020 to December 2021, 30 patients with left breast cancer were recruited. Overall, the DIBH technique presented a mean dose reduction of 24% in the heart and 30% in the left anterior descendent coronary artery (LAD) (p < 0.05). The only geometric parameter correlated to a 30% dose reduction in the mean heart dose and LAD doses was the anterolateral distance from the heart to the chest wall of at least 1.5 cm measured on FB (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The prototype enabled the use of the DIBH technique with dose reductions in the heart and LAD. The benefit of the DIBH technique can be predicted on FB CT by measuring the distance between the heart and chest wall at the treatment isocenter.
The humanitarian relief supply chain : analysis of the 2004 South East Asia earthquake and Tsunami

Humanitarian relief supply chains are not well documented. This thesis describes humanitarian relief supply chains in general and those specifically utilized in the 2004 South East Asia Earthquake and Tsunami relief effort. A survey, created in collaboration with the Fritz Institute and KPMG, informed the analysis and establishes baseline data for a sector with little formal measurement. It was found that relief organizations share common problems regardless of size, focus, or structure. While the survey determined that relief delivery was effective, the findings illuminated deficiencies in the following areas: initial assessment, collaboration, trained logistics experts, and supply chain analysis. Finally, the thesis suggests plans to address these issues and future research. Thesis Supervisor: Jarrod Goentzel Title: Executive Director, MIT-Zaragoza International Logistics Program
Temperature-Dependent Structural and Electrical Properties of Metal-Organic CVD MoS2 Films

Metal-Organic CVD method (MOCVD) allows for deposition of ultrathin 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) films of electronic quality onto wafer-scale substrates. In this work, the effect of temperature on structure, chemical states, and electronic qualities of the MOCVD MoS2 films were investigated. The results demonstrate that the temperature increase in the range of 650 °C to 950 °C results in non-monotonic average crystallite size variation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy investigation has established the film crystal structure improvement with temperature increase in this range. At the same time, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method allowed to reveal non-stoichiometric phase fraction increase, corresponding to increased sulfur vacancies (VS) concentration from approximately 0.9 at. % to 3.6 at. %. Established dependency between the crystallite domains size and VS concentration suggests that these vacancies are form predominantly at the grain boundaries. The results suggest that an increased Vs concentration and enhanced charge carriers scattering at the grains’ boundaries should be the primary reasons of films’ resistivity increase from 4 kΩ·cm to 39 kΩ·cm.
Effective Stresses in Soil and Rock and Consolidation in Three Dimensions

In the following, the continuum model for a fully saturated porous material is presented. The theory is mainly due to M.A. Biot [3, 4]. We shall only consider a twophase system consisting of a solid skeleton and a single pore fluid, e.g. water. The theory for three-dimensional consolidation is developed. Anisotropic permeability of the material is allowed, but for simplicity the analysis is restricted to isotropic linear elastic material behaviour. However, the theory is easily extended to elastoplasticity. Finally, it will be shown that the effective stresses in a porous material may in general not be calculated as proposed by Terzaghi. Whereas highly accurate results are achieved for residual soils, i.e. sand, silt and clay, poor results are obtained for cemented materials such as concrete and rock. Here it is recommended to follow the stress approach proposed by Biot. 1. BASIC DEFINITIONS A porous material, or matrix, with the total volume V is considered. The material is fully saturated, and the pores are assumed to be distributed randomly in space so that the material on a macroscopic level may be described as a continuum. The volume is divided into two parts, V = Vs + Vf , (1) where Vs is the volume of the solid phase, i.e. the grain skeleton, and Vf is the volume of fluid. In geotechnical engineering, the subscript f is generally substituted by the subscript w, since the pore fluid is usually water. In saturated porous materials, e.g. soil, a part of the pore fluid is constrained. For example, a part of the water in clay is chemically bound to the clay mineral, and in rock or granular soil some of the water may be trapped in cracks that are not connected to the primary system of pores. This part of the fluid belongs to the solid phase, i.e. to Vs, since it cannot move relatively to the solid matrix. Hence, only the volume of interconnected voids is included in the definition of Vf , cf. Fig. 1. Unfortunately, in real soil or concrete etc. it may be difficult to determine which part of the pore fluid is free to move relatively to the solid skeleton. Solid Fixed fluid Free fluid 1-n n Vf
Dissolution Behaviour of Alkali-activated Fe-rich Non-ferrous Metallurgy Slag in Acetic Acid

The application of Fe-rich non-ferrous metallurgy slag (NFS, within a FeO x -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaO system) in alkali-activated materials requires detailed information on the durability performance. The present study investigates the durability of alkali activated NFS (AA-NFS) exposed to acetic acid to simulate the attack of a concrete by organic acids present in animal manure or sewage systems. The dissolution behavior of NFS and alkali-activated NFS (AA-NFS) was assessed by immersing NFS and AA-NFS in a 3 wt. % acetic acid solution at a liquid to solid weight ratio of 1000. The dissolved ions in the acetic solution from NFS and AA-NFS were measured at different time intervals over 7 days. Through the comparison of NFS with AA-NFS, the dissolution behavior of unreacted slag and binder in AA-NFS could be evaluated separately, considering a calculated amount of 47.7 wt. % of unreacted slag was present in the AA-NFS. The results demonstrated that the binder dissolves slightly faster than slag in the first 4 hours. Over half of the dissolution rate of the Ca, Fe and Al in AA-NFS was due to binder. While for Si, 41% total dissolution rate in AA-NFS was from binder and the other 59% was from unreacted slag. After 7 days however, the dissolved fraction of slag was higher than binder. About 90% Ca, 79% Fe and 71% Al in slag was ended up in the acetic acid solution, which is higher than that in binder (74%, 62% and 56%, respectively). A significantly higher difference was found for the total dissolved fraction of Si in slag (86%) compared to that in binder (43%). The highly connected silicate network in the binder remains largely intact as silica gel, while due to the low connectivity of the silicate species in the slag the silicate dissolves after the other elements have left the structure. Overall these results suggest that Ca has the lowest dissolution resistance in binder, followed by Fe, Al and Si.
Synthesis of Imidazole-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as Solid Lubricants: Lubricated State Transition

The controllable character of the melting point of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) makes it easy to realize lubricated state transitions and produce excellent lubricating properties during friction. In this work, a series of novel imidazole-based DESs were synthesized to present a room-temperature solid state by shifting its eutectic point. Tribological test results show that the wear volume of these DESs decreases as the alkyl chains of the hydrogen bond donors increase. A proper deviation of the eutectic point in DESs produces stable lubricating properties. The present work provides a novel and simple method to prepare solid lubricants and enriches the use of DESs as lubricants. Simultaneously, the method expected to replace the use of conventional cutting fluids.
VARIATION OF THE CONDITION, MUSCLE YIELD AND MANTLE INDICES IN Atrina maura (SOWERBY, 1835) (BIVALVIA: PINNIDAE) IN THE ENSENADA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MEXICO

During 2007 the seasonal variations in the condition (CI), muscle yield (MYI) and mantle indices (MI) in Atrina maura were analyzed at Ensenada de La Paz, B.C.S. , Mexico. A total of 264 specimens measuring 11 cm to 29 cm were collected. Both CI and MYI increased during winter, spring and summer, in parallel with gonad development, and significantly decreased during autumn, when a considerable proportion of spawning organisms were found along with the highest water temperatures. MI showed no significant seasonal differences (>0.05). From these findings, we suggest that this resource may be exploited during spring and summer. Variacion de los indices de condicion, de rendimiento muscular y del Manto de Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835) (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) en la Ensenada de La Paz, B.C.S. , Mexico Durante 2007 se analizo la variacion estacional de los indices de condicion (IC), de rendimiento muscular (IRM) y del manto (IM) de Atrina maura de la Ensenada de La Paz, B.C.S. , Mexico. Se recolectaron un total de 264 organismos que midieron entre 11 cm y 29 cm. Se encontro que tanto el IC como el IRM aumentaron durante invierno, primavera y verano, en concordancia con el desarrollo gonadico, y disminuyeron significativamente durante el otono, cuando se encontraron altas proporciones de organismos en desove y las temperaturas del agua mas altas. El IM no presento diferencias significativas (>0.05) estacionales. Se sugiere que la captura comercial de este recurso se lleve a cabo durante primavera y verano.
Persistent Environmental Contaminants in United States Fish and Wildlife

Contaminant concentrations in freshwater fish and birds were periodically measured. Fish were selected for monitoring aquatic ecosystems because of their tendency to accumulate pesticides and other contaminants. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) was selected for monitoring contaminant levels in terrestrial habitats because of its varied diet and wide geographic distribution. Following a successful pilot study (Heath and Prouty 1967), the wings of hunter-killed ducks were used to monitor contaminants in duck populations of the major flyways, and thereby to also provide an assessment of contaminant levels in wetlands. The USFWS maintained this National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program into the 1980's, with the objective of continuing the documentation of temporal and geographic trends in contaminant concentrations (Prouty and Bunck 1986; Bunck et al. 1987; Schmitt and Brumbaugh 1990; Schmitt et al. 1990).
SnowSlide: A simple routine for calculating gravitational snow transport

Knowledge about lateral snow transport processes is essential for the description of the spatial distribution of snow and therefore for the distribution of water on the lands surface. While numerous snow hydrological models are accounting for wind induced snow transport, they are mostly neglecting gravitational snow transport processes. This leads to unrealistic calculations of snow cover distributions in high Alpine regions effecting the subsequent prediction of individual components of the water and energy cycles at the land surface. “SnowSlide” as presented here is a fast and parsimonious model component allowing for the calculation of gravitational snow transport processes in an integral way. The functionality and performance of SnowSlide is demonstrated a) for artificial land surfaces and b) for two winter periods at the Watzmann massif in south‐east Germany. It is shown that the integration of SnowSlide into the snow‐hydrological model “SnowModel” is significantly improving the prediction of spatially distributed snow patterns in high Alpine areas and therefore generating more realistic descriptions of Alpine water and energy balances.