Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of summer, fall and winter estimates of monarch population size before and after milkweed eradication from crop fields in North America

Measures of the area occupied by overwintering monarchs in México since the mid‐1990s show a decline. Summer surveys of monarchs, however, do not show a similar decline. This discrepancy has led to the proposition that summer monarch numbers are actually stable and that increasing mortality during migration has led to declining overwintering numbers. A competing hypothesis is that this discrepancy is due to a sampling bias in the summer counts and that the summer population has declined because of the eradication of milkweed habitat from crop fields that occurred in the late 1990s through mid‐2000s. We posit that the sampling bias occurred during the period when milkweeds were declining in crop fields and resulted from not sampling in the crop fields. We examined three measures of the size of the population made in the fall during migration and four summer survey measures and compared them to the overwintering measures. Counts of migrating monarchs are not expected to have this sampling bias since migrants come from all habitats, including crop fields. During the period of milkweed eradication, counts of the migrating population were correlated with the size of the overwintering population, whereas summer survey counts were not. After milkweed eradication from crop fields, all population measures were correlated with one another. These results indicate that during the pre‐eradication period, summer counts were not an accurate measure of summer population size. Population trends observed at the overwintering site reflect factors, principally milkweed loss, that affect summer population size.
Slow Travel and Tourism

This book defines slow travel and discusses how some underlining values are likely to bring about new forms of sustainable development. It also aims to provide insights into the travel experience. These insights are explored in several chapters that bring new knowledge about sustainable transport tourism from across the world. In order to do this the book explores the concept of slow travel and compares it with related frameworks such as low-carbon tourism and sustainable tourism development. The authors explain slow travel as holiday travel where air and car transport is rejected in favor of more environmentally benign forms of overland transport, which generally take much longer and become incorporated as part of the holiday experience. The book critically examines the key trends in tourism transport and recent climate change debates, and sets out the main issues facing tourism planners. It reviews the potential for new consumption patterns, as well as current business models that facilitate hyper-mobility. The book provides a cutting edge critique of the 'upstream' drivers to unsustainable tourism. Finally, the authors illustrate their approach through a series of case studies from around the world, featuring travel by train, bus, cycling and walking. Examples are drawn from Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas. Cases include the Eurostar train (as an alternative to air travel), walking in the Appalachian Trail (US), the Euro-Velo network of long-distance cycling routes, canoe tours on the Gudena River in Denmark, sea kayaking in British Columbia (Canada) and the Oz Bus Europe to Australia.
A 23–44-GHz Broadband CG-Gilbert Gm-Boosted PS-VGA for 5G Application

A 23–44-GHz broadband vector-sum 6-bit phase shifter with Gm-boosted CG-Gilbert structure and a variable gain amplifier (VGA) in 55-nm CMOS process were presented. In PS, the CG-Gilbert structure with Gm-boosted capacitors was proposed to achieve broadband input matching. Dummy switch arrays and interstage inductors were utilized to reduce phase variations. Buffer stage and VGA cascades after PS were used to achieve broadband gain control. In this study, a 23–44-GHz bandwidth and a full-360° phase range with 5.625° step were achieved. The rms gain error is less than 1.4 dB. The rms phase error without calibration is less than 3.2° from 23 to 44 GHz. The dc consumption is 45.6 mW for 1.2-V supply, and the core size of the device is $1.2\times0.7$ mm.
Beliefs about mental health in incarcerated males: a qualitative interview study

Introduction Beliefs about mental health are shaped by the sociocultural context. Prisons have unique environmental and social features, and the prevalence of mental health problems in incarcerated populations is exceptionally high. These features make prisons especially interesting settings for exploring health beliefs. The aim of this study was to explore the conceptualizations of mental health and coping preferences in a prison environment. Methods Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen incarcerated males from three prisons in Northern Norway. The design draws on central elements from Grounded Theory. Results Mental health was perceived as distinct from mental illness by many of the participants. They coped with the prison environment by focusing on the things that gave them a sense of meaning and autonomy – this also formed their conceptualization of mental health. Furthermore, social interaction and activities were perceived as important to enhance and maintain mental well-being, however there were institutional barriers to using these coping strategies. The prison environment was integrated in the participants conceptualizations of mental health problems, and psychosocial stressors were emphasized in causal attributions. Biological and dispositional factors were less frequently mentioned. The participants preferred non-medical management for mental health problems and most displayed a reserved attitude towards psychotropic medications. The exception was attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which they held neurobiological causal beliefs, together with a corresponding preference for medication as treatment. Conclusion The main finding was a firm integration of the prison context in in the participants’ beliefs about mental health. We theorize that fusion of prison conditions and mental health beliefs were brought on by the processes of prisonization, observing mental distress in peers and attempts to protect self-esteem by externalizing the causes for mental health problems. Access to activities, social time, and “someone to talk to” were perceived to be crucial for improving and preserving mental health.
Investor Sentiment Under the Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Compliance Asset Pricing Model: A Behavioral Finance Approach to Islamic Finance

This study provides perspectives and insights into the importance of Maqasid al-Shari’ah in the discourse of Shari’ah-Compliant Asset Pricing Model (SCAPM) development by considering inflation and zakat as the minimum level of expected return. The study also integrated market risk and investor sentiment as systematic risks faced by Muslim investors in stock investments. Using a non-linear panel ARDL approach with monthly panel data from 109 Shari’ah-compliant listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between October 2007 and June 2021 (164 months), the study found that the Islamic market risk premium and investor sentiment had a positive long-term impact on Shari’ah-compliant stock returns. Surprisingly, market risk premium had a reverse effect in the short term, while investor sentiment remained positive. These findings contribute to understanding Islamic finance and have practical implications for investors, financial institutions, and policymakers. Keywords: Maqasid al-Shari’ah, Shariah-compliant asset pricing model, investor sentiment
University of Birmingham Wideband dual-polarized hollow-waveguide slot array antenna

— A wideband dual-polarized slot array antenna based on hollow-waveguide is presented in this paper. Its wide bandwidth and high performance are enabled by two separate feeding networks, from the side and the bottom, using square coaxial line and ridge waveguide structures, respectively. The full-corporate-feed networks excite the radiation slots in a one-to-one fashion without using backed cavities. Tight element spacing is made possible, suppressing the grating lobe and maintaining high cross polarization discrimination (XPD) across the wideband. This resolves a usual trade-off between bandwidth and grating lobe. A double-ridge rectangular waveguide cavity is devised as an orthogonal mode splitter for isolation enhancement. Several design features are used to minimize the signal path length and facilitate routing. An 8×8-element prototype in K-band is designed, fabricated, and measured. Experimental results show that the antenna has a wide bandwidth of 23.4% (from 17 – 21.5 GHz) free from grating lobes. More than 25.5 dBi peak gain, higher than 51.2 dB isolation and over 43.6 dB XPD are also obtained for the dual polarizations.
Déformations cassantes et champs de contrainte tertiaires dans la plate-forme européenne.

Une analyse de la deformation cassante cenozoique dans la plateforme europeenne a ete effectuee entre le massif de Boheme a l'est et la Mediterranee occidentale a l'ouest. Une succession de quatre paleo-champs de contraintes principaux a ete caracterisee : (1)une compression NS d'âge eocene. Cet evenement induit la formation du « triangle Allemand-Tcheque » borde a l'est par les decrochements dextres NW-SE de Pfahl et de Franconie et a l'ouest par des decrochements senestres NNE-SSW, le long de l'axe du futur rift ouest-europeen, (2) une extension E-W oligocene qui a ouvert le rift ouest-eurpeen, (3) une compression NE-SW, du debut Miocene, qui a reactive en faille inverse la ligne de Pfahl et comme decrochements dextres les principales failles du fosse rhenan, (4) et finalement depuis la fin du miocene, une distribution en eventail des directions de compression qui s'est developpee a la peripherie de l'arc alpin. Cependant, a une certaine distance du front de la chaine, une direction de compression NW-SE, puis NNW-SSE, a prevalu. Une comparaison avec des donnees cinematiques des plaques demontre que cette succession d'evenements tectoniques cassants est compatible avec la reconstruction des mouvements relatifs entre l'Afrique et l'Eurasie pendant la collision cenozoique, quelques etats de contrainte locaux locaux pres des Alpes, sont cependant clairement lies a l'evolution locale de l'arc alpin.
Assessment of Antidiabetic and Cyto-Regenerative Activity of Ficus carica through Gene Expression Analysis in Diabetic Rat Model

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease of the endocrine system, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or defective insulin production. Among the complementary and alternative medicines, diet-based approaches are gaining popularity worldwide for the management of it. Ficus carica, one of the oldest plants cultivated on the earth, is rich in phytochemicals including anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, and organic acids. The present study was designed to analyze the therapeutic potential of dried fig and extract for their potential against hyperglycemia and related complication in the diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced by using alloxan monohydrate and divided into five groups including Negative-, Positive-, standard drug- group, treated-I (given extract), and treated-II (given 10% dried figs). Fig extract was administered through the intragastric tube, and fig paste was mixed in the feed of the experimental group, and then rats were decapitated after 6 weeks to collect the blood and serum. At the end of the study, biochemical analysis such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum glucose, and insulin was performed. Histopathological study of the pancreas showed cell deformation in the positive control group whereas damage was reversed in treated groups. The pancreas was also saved for gene expression analysis. The results revealed that the positive control group has lower expression of INS-1, INS-2, Pdx-1, amylin, and GLUT-2 genes. Results revealed that serum glucose and FBG started to normalize after the administration of treatment (Glibenclamide, dry fig, and fig fruit extract), and insulin concentration also started to improve. 10% dried fig was more effective to control hyperglycemic conditions, which might be due to the presence of fiber. However, the gene expression was more modulated in the group treated with fig extract. The findings of current research suggested the utilization of fig and fig-based products because of their potential to reverse the damage induced by the alloxan or stressors of daily life.
Analysis and modeling of crustal deformation using InSAR time series along selected active faults within the Africa-Eurasia convergence zone

This Ph.D. thesis is conducted in the frame of the -co-tutellell scholarship (EOST-ITU) provided by French Embassy in Ankara. ln addition, a 10-month scholarship « Bourse excellence Eiffel » ,and 8-month scholarship « TUBITAK 22148 - joint Ph.D. » were other sources of support for the preparation of this thesis.The convergence between African and Eurasian plates is at the origin of active tectonic structures that generate large and destructive earthquakes. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of fault behavior and the earthquake cycle by analyzing surface deformation along selected active faults during the periods of co-, post-and inter-seismic deformation within the Africa-Eurasia convergence zone. ln this context, slow deformation observed at the surface and associated with the earthquake cycle is analyzed using Synthetic Aperture Radar lnterferometry (lnSAR) time series technique, and modeled with elastic dislocation methods.
Politics in the energy-security nexus: an epistemic governance approach to the zero-carbon energy transition in Finland, Estonia, and Norway

ABSTRACT To reduce the energy sector’s CO2 emissions, sustainability transitions are essential but may have unexpected national security consequences. We investigate policymaking around energy transitions and national security, combining sociology with sustainability transitions thinking to analyse 73 policy documents issued between 2006 and 2023 in Estonia, Finland, and Norway and investigate how zero-carbon energy and security issues have co-evolved with, strengthened, or undermined one another by analysing the rhetoric in official national strategy documents. With an epistemic governance framework, we identify the discourses that contextualise, justify, and explain policymaking in the energy–security nexus. We find that sustainable energy transitions are strengthened by connections to national security when alternative energy niches have matured but undermined for the same reason when fossil fuels are viewed as more robust sources of security. We detect policy intervention points aiming to indicate how transitions are enabled. Estonia and Finland evince strategic directions to destabilise the regime while supporting niches, whereas Norway focuses on continued oil and gas production. Whereas all are in principle in favour of sustainability transitions, they define transitions differently: Estonia values national sovereignty, Finland preparedness and the economy, and Norway sustainable development and economic security tied to hydrocarbons.
Clinical effect analysis of using medical glue versus conventional suturing to treat dog bite in children’s maxillofacial region after negative pressure sealing drainage: A randomized trial

Background: To compare the clinical effectiveness of applying medical glue versus conventional suturing after primary suturing and continuous vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of facial wounds caused by dog bites in children’s maxillofacial region, with respect to operation time, wound infection rate, treatment effect, and patient satisfaction. Methods: From May 2020 to July 2022, 68 children with a dog bite in the maxillofacial region were randomly divided into medical glue and conventional suturing groups. The patients in both groups were treated with conventional debridement, tetanus and/or rabies immunization, and antibiotic therapy. The medical glue group was treated with VSD after the first-stage of the loose suture of the wound. After 5 days, the suture was removed, and the wound was tightly bonded with medical glue again. The conventional suturing group was treated with VSD after the first-stage of loose suture of the wound. The primary outcomes were the operation time and satisfaction of the 2 groups, and the secondary outcomes was the wound infection rate. Results: The operation time of the medical glue group was significantly lower than that of the conventional suturing group. However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the wound infection rate. Still, the patient satisfaction was significantly better in the medical glue group than the conventional suturing group with statistically significant difference (P < .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, applying medical glue after using negative pressure sealing drainage in treating maxillofacial dog bites can reduce surgeons work intensity, lessen children’s pain, and improve the clinical treatment effect.
Mode of occurrence, bulk chemical compositions, and mineral textures of ultramafic rocks in the Lutzow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica

Available data on the mode of occurrence, bulk chemical composi­ tions, and mineral textures of ultramafic rocks (ultrabasic rocks plus "normatively" ultramafic rocks (normative olivine+pyroxenes+ilmenite>70%)) in the Late Prot­ erozoic high-grade Lutzow-Holm Complex are summarized. The bulk chemical compositions suggest that most of them are derived from various parts of layered gabbro. Some are troctolitic, being composed mainly of normative olivine and plagioclase without pyroxenes. The mode of occurrence in the field suggests that they were tectonically fractured and emplaced in the metasedimentary gneisses. Their occurrence mainly in the western part of the Li.itzow-Holm Complex suggests that original gabbroid masses were present in the presently missing part (ocean floor? ) between the adjacent Li.itzow-Holm and Yamato-Belgica Complexes. The mineral textures, especially those of garnet and spinel, suggest changing meta­ morphic conditions within the spinel-amphibole lherzolite facies during prograde recrystallization of the rocks; from earlier relatively high-pressure and low-temper­ ature conditions to later lower-pressure and higher-temperature conditions.
Looking at the darker side of the mirror: the impact of CEO's narcissism on corporate social irresponsibility

PurposeThe aim of this article is to highlight the major part played by executives in the escalation of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Based on the upper echelons theory, the authors developed a model which shows the essential role of CEOs in explaining CSI. The authors proposed that the key personality traits of CEOs—narcissism—, as well as their power, could explain the degree of CSI.Design/methodology/approachDue to the significant methodological challenges when investigating CSI, the authors explored a novel method for measuring CSI in order to assess the degree of irresponsible behaviors. The authors build a CSI scale based on the perceptions of key informants, i.e. experts with diverse professional backgrounds. The authors apply CSI scale in a sample of 84 Spanish companies that were involved in CSI.FindingsThe results of the authors’ empirical study show the positive and significant influence of CEO narcissism and CEO power on the degree of CSI.Research limitations/implicationsOn the one hand, corporate irresponsibility scandals have relevant social consequences and practical implications. On the other hand, narcissism is a natural feature of managers in top positions that is increasing in societies.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings may help CEOs, TMTs and corporate boards to acknowledge potential sources of CSI decreasing its likelihood through counterbalancing CEO's power and considering the dark side of narcissism.Social implicationsOn the one hand, corporate scandals have relevant social and practical implications. On the other hand, narcissism is a natural feature of managers in top positions that is increasing in societies.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors highlight the role of CEOs characteristics and their firms as the key actors for explaining and understanding the degree of CSI.
Network Analysis of Depression Using Magnetoencephalogram Based on Polynomial Kernel Granger Causality

Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by anxiety, pessimism, and suicidal tendencies, which has serious impact on human’s life. In this paper, we use Granger causality index based on polynomial kernel as network node connectivity coefficient to construct brain networks from the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) of 5 depressed patients and 11 healthy individuals under positive, neutral, and negative emotional stimuli, respectively. We found that depressed patients had more information exchange between the frontal and occipital regions compared to healthy individuals and less causal connections in the parietal and central regions. We further analyzed the topological properties of the network revealed and found that depressed patients had higher average degrees under negative stimuli (p = 0.008) and lower average clustering coefficients than healthy individuals (p = 0.034). When comparing the average degree and average clustering coefficient of the same sample under different emotional stimuli, we found that depressed patients had a higher average degree and average clustering coefficient under negative stimuli than neutral and positive stimuli. We also found that the characteristic path lengths of patients under negative and neutral stimuli significantly deviated from small-world network. Our results suggest that the analysis of polynomial kernel Granger causality brain networks can effectively characterize the pathology of depression.
Question Answering: CNLP at the TREC-9 Question Answering Track

This paper describes a question answering system that automatically finds answers to questions in a large collection of documents. The prototype CNLP question answering system was developed for participation in the TREC-9 question answering track. The system uses a two-stage retrieval approach to answer finding based on keyword and named entity matching. Results indicate that the system ranks correct answers high (mostly rank 1), provided that an answer to the question was found. Performance figures and further analyses are included