Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A steady nonlinear and singular vortex Rossby wave within a rapidly rotating vortex. Part II: Application to geophysical vortices

In a previous paper, Caillol [Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. , 2014, 108] investigated the steady nonlinear vortical structure of a singular vortex Rossby mode that has survived to a strong critical-layer-like interaction with a linearly stable, columnar, axisymmetric and dry vortex. We presented a general theory for this wave/mean flow interaction through the nonlinear critical layer theory and calculated the mean azimuthal and axial winds induced at the critical radius at the end of this interaction in the final stage. We here apply that theory to rapidly rotating geophysical vortices: tropical cyclones, cold-air mesocyclones and tornadoes. We find that the numerous assumptions invoked in that paper agree well with the reality of those intense vortices. We also find that in spite of a lack of moist-convection modelling, this dry vortex is fairly well accelerated at the critical radius by such a shear wave with a magnitude of order the square root of the damped-wave amplitude. The intensification level strongly depends on the aspect ratio, height of the system: rapid vortex and parent vortex, over core radius. The thinner the vortex is, the sharper the intensification is. This result is in sharp contrast to the numerous numerical simulations on VR wave/vortex interactions that yield a much smaller intensification of order the square of the wave amplitude. This weakly nonlinear approach nevertheless fails to model small vertical wavelength VR wave/vortex interactions for their related asymptotic expansions are divergent and for they yield strongly nonlinear VR waves coupled with evolving critical layers whose extent can no longer be considered as thin.
The lattice strains in a specimen (cubic system) compressed nonhydrostatically in an opposed anvil device

A general expression has been derived using anisotropic elasticity theory for the lattice strain which corresponds to the x‐ray diffraction measurement on the polycrystalline specimen (cubic system) compressed nonhydrostatically in an opposed anvil device. The expressions for the various diffraction geometries emerge as the special cases of this equation. The strain calculated using isotropic elasticity theory corresponds to the macroscopic strain in the specimen, and can be obtained from the present equation by letting the anisotropy factor 2(S11−S12)/S44=1. Further, it is shown that the ratio of the lattice strain to the macroscopic strain (in the direction of the lattice strain) produced by the deviatoric stress component depends on the Miller indices (hkl) of the lattice planes and the elastic anisotropy factor. This ratio is unity only if the crystallites constituting the specimen are elastically isotropic, and increases with increasing anisotropy of the crystallites.
Moments of the sampled autocovariances and autocorrelations for a Gaussian white-noise process†

Cumulants, moments about zero, and central moments are obtained for the mean-corrected serial covariances and serial correlations for series realizations of length n from a white-noise Gaussian process. All first and second moments (and some third, fourth, and higher moments) are given explicitly for the serial covariances; and the corresponding moments for the serial correlations are derived either explicitly or implicitly. On considere une suite de n observations d'un processus gaussien de type bruit blanc. Des cumulants, des moments par rapport a Corigine et des moments centraux sont obtenus pour les covariances echantillonnales corrigees pour la moyenne et pour les correlations echantillonnales. Tous les moments de premier et de deuxieme ordre (et certains d'ordre plus eleve) des covariances echantillonnales serielles sont donnes explicitement. Les moments correspondants pour les correlations echantillonnales serielles sont deduits soit explicitement, soit implicitement.
Transport energy in organic semiconductors with partially filled localized states

The charge transport in organic semiconductors has been investigated theoretically. An analytical model describing the effect of partially filled localized states on the concept of transport energy is presented, based on variable range hopping theory. The results illustrate that at low enough temperature the partially filled localized states in organic semiconductor systems play an important role on the transport energy. Moreover, the charge concentration will change the transport energy dramatically at higher carrier concentration. The paper also discusses the carrier-concentration-dependent mobility in organic semiconductors.
System time-varying controller design via E.A. method

The new concepts of time-varying stabilizer via dynamic pole assignment and eigenstructure assignment method (E.A. method) are introduced in this paper. The theorem of dynamic pole assignment is obtained by employing the piecewise constant concept. By specifying the final eigenstructure, the parameters of the time-varying stabilizer can be determined via output controller is evaluated, and examples of a one-machine infinite-bussystem and a multimachine system in power system, are given to illustrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Reference Prior Bayesian Analysis for Normal Mean Products

Abstract Two reference priors for the product of means of n normal distributions with common known variance are developed. One of them induces an improper posterior distribution and therefore is not of much interest. The other is a generalized form of the n = 2 case derived by Berger and Bernardo. The latter is compared with the uniform prior (the Jeffreys prior) in posterior inference and the optimal frequentist coverage criterion. The reference prior is shown to be better than the uniform prior in the sense of correct frequentist coverage probability of the posterior quantile, by numerical computation. The computation was performed by Gibbs sampling for n = 3 and n = 10. Furthermore, it is shown that the reference prior is among the asymptotic optimal frequentist coverage probability priors under a transformation of the parameter space such that the parameter of interest and the nuisance parameters are orthogonal. In an example, the Bayesian credible interval for the product of normal means using the re.
INFRARED OBJECTS IN H II REGIONS.

The discovery of 2-micron emission sources in NGC 2264, IC 2087, and M1-82, and of prominent infrared emission in Lk H-alpha 198 and V376 Cas is reported. Of the 25 objects found by scanning around the H II regions, less than half would appear to be late-type stars.
Heavy-Element Abundances of the Old Open Cluster NGC 6791

The old open cluster NGC 6791 is believed to be more metal-rich than any other, yet several hot blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars are probable members. We have performed an abundance analysis of the coolest BHB candidate, 2-17, whose proper motion and radial velocity both support cluster membership. Its luminosity and its low rotational velocity, vsini=16 ± 1 km s-1, suggest that it is a BHB star rather than a very luminous blue straggler. We find an effective temperature Teff=7300 ± 50 K, gravity logg=3.6 ± 0.3 dex, and an iron abundance more than twice solar, [Fe/H]=+0.4 ± 0.1 dex. This result is free from the serious line blending and continuum suppression that hamper spectroscopic analyses of metal-rich giants. The Ca abundance is in the solar proportion with respect to iron, ruling out A-star peculiarities in 2-17. The relative abundances of C, O, and Al are nearly solar; mixing effects are probably small but not ruled out. The light elements Mg and Si are enhanced, N and Na especially so, as seen in metal-rich galaxies. NGC 6791 thus provides an excellent template for the study of the stellar content of metal-rich galactic systems. Both its abundances and its continued existence suggest that metal-rich systems might generally form in locally deep potential wells. Further study of its hot population should clarify the mechanisms responsible for producing hot stars in a metal-rich environment and thus assist the interpretation of the integrated light and the ultraviolet upturn in elliptical galaxies.
On the widths of the Mg X lines near 60 nm in the corona

We examine the line widths of both components of the Mg x $2{\rm s}\,^2{\rm S}_{1/2}-2{\rm p}\,^2{\rm P}_{1/2,3/2}$ doublet at 60.98 nm and 62.50 nm in the low corona of the quiet Sun, and find that the Doppler width (i.e. half $1/e$ width) broadens from $\mathit{\Delta} \lambda_{\rm D} \approx 8.2$ pm to ≈ 9.5 pm (with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of 4%) between the limb and 220 Mm above the limb in the equatorial corona. In a polar coronal hole, the Doppler width increases from 10.8 pm near 30 Mm to 11.4 pm at around 80 Mm. The analysis does not provide any evidence for a narrowing of the emission-line profiles as a function of the distance from the solar limb.
A Novel Blind Source Separation Method Based on the Extended Natural Gradient

In this paper, a new method is introduced to derive the extended natural gradient, which was proposed by Lewicki and Sejnowski in [1]. However, they made their derivation under many approximations, and the proof is also very complicated. To give a more rigors mathematical proof for this gradient, the Lie group invariance property is introduced which makes the proof much easier and straightforward. In addition, an iterative algorithm through Newton's method is also given to estimate the sources efficiently. The results of the experiments confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.
Traps and defects in pre‐ and post‐ stressed AlGaN–GaN high electron mobility transistors

We used deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and HR‐TEM techniques to study traps and defects in pre‐ and post‐stressed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by MOCVD on semi‐insulating SiC substrates. DLTS identified two dominant traps with activation energies of 0.5 and 0.7 eV in both pre‐ and post‐stressed GaN HEMTs. Electrical stress resulted in a significant increase in the density of 0.5 eV traps. This is attributed to point defects (most likely N antisites) in the AlGaN barrier and clearly suggests that these traps play a critical role in degradation of the devices. Cross‐sectional TEM confirmed physical damage on the edge of the gate that was likely due to the inverse piezoelectric effect.
A New Iterative Method for Multi-Moving Boundary Problems Based Boundary Integral Method

The present paper deals with very important practical problems of wide range of applications. The main target of the present paper is to track all moving boundaries that appear throughout the whole process when dealing with multi-moving boundary problems continuously with time up to the end of the process with high accuracy and minimum number of iterations. A new numerical iterative scheme based the boundary integral equation method is developed to track the moving boundaries as well as compute all unknowns in the problem. Three practical applications, one for vaporization and two for ablation were solved and their results were compared with finite element, heat balance integral and the source and sink results and a good agreement were obtained.
The engineering of numerical software

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Theoretical Investigation of Lithium-Atom Insertion into Ultra-Small Diameter Carbon Nanotubes

Computations of Li intercalation into ultra-small single-walled carbon nanotubes have been carried out within the framework of the rst-principles density functional calculation. The energy and the structural properties of two Li atoms as a function of distance along the longitudinal axis of (3,3), (4,2) and (5,0) nanotubes have been calculated. We found that Li atoms could be easily pulled into the interior of (3,3) and (4,2) nanotubes whereas a small energy barrier existed at the open-mount of (5,0) tube. The zigzag (5,0) nanotube allows Li-Li to localize near the tube center, forming a Li2 cluster inside the nanotube. In contrast, Li atoms prefer to locate near the open mounts of the armchair (3,3) tube. In case of a (4,2) nanotube, no preferential location is found, as described by the at potential energy pro le. The intercalated atoms a ect the geometric parameters at the central region more than the rest of the nanotube. These results provide evidence that chirality plays a crucial role in Li-tube interactions, especially for ultra-small nanotubes, which suggests that appropriate tubule chiralities are needed if e cient anode materials are to be used in Li batteries.
A New Approach to Decomposition of a Bivariate Rank Dependent Index Using Recentered Influence Function Regression

Decomposition of a bivariate rank dependent index, such as the concentration index, is commonly used to explain socioeconomic inequalities in health. We introduce a new decomposition technique based on the recentered influence function that yields the marginal effects of covariates on the bivariate rank dependent index. This technique is simple to estimate and interpret. We show that our method, compared to the current standard procedure, relies on the imposition of fewer conditions and is therefore preferable both in a descriptive setting and in the estimation of causal effects given a suitable identification strategy. In an empirical application using Swedish Twin Registry data, we illustrate that this result bears out in practice. The two methods yield contradicting results due to differences in the conditions imposed. Using a within twin pair fixed effects identification strategy, our new method finds no evidence of a causal effect of education on income-related health inequality.
On the sampling and reconstruction of time-warped bandlimited signals

The sampling and reconstruction problem for time-warped bandlimited signals is examined, and its relationship to the more general sampling problem for nonbandlimited signals is discussed. In particular, time-warped bandlimited signals in L/sup 2/ are considered, covering approximation of L/sup 2/ signals, representational ambiguity, and approximation with nonaffine warpings. <<ETX>>
An isoparametric joint/interface element for finite element analysis

A generally applicable and simple joint/interface element for three- and two-dimensional finite element analysis is presented. The proposed element can model joints/interfaces between solid finite elements and shell finite elements. The derivation of the joint element stiffness is presented and algorithms for the treatment of nonlinear joint behaviour discussed. The performance of the element is tested on typical problems involving shell-to-shell and shell-to-solid interfaces.
The splitting of the 2s(2)2p(3) 2P term in O II

On a mesure les dedoublements O II 2p 3 2 P 1/2 - 2 P 3/2 et 2 D 3/2 - 2 D 5/2 dans les spectres CCD a haute dispersion (resolution ∼3 kms −1 ) de la nebuleuse planetaire brillante NGC 7027. On donne de nouvelles valeurs pour les niveaux d'energie et les longueurs d'onde de [O II]
A Diagnostic for Cox Regression and General Conditional Likelihoods

Abstract Diagnostics for changes in the maximum likelihood estimate of β due to deletion of single observations in linear and logistic regression models are equivalent to diagnostics obtained from fitting augmented regression models. For the Cox proportional hazards model and in conditional models for arbitrarily matched or stratified data, diagnostics derived from augmented regression models are again useful and easy to compute. These diagnostics are applicable to different formulations for the multiplicative covariable effects (over time or over strata), an exact or approximate treatment of tied failure times or multiple-case matching, and time-dependent covariates.
Thin lubrication film around moving bubbles measured in square microchannels

The thin lubrication film around bubbles moving in square microchannels was measured using an optical interference method down to the scale of 0.1–10 μm in thickness, and the three-dimensional profile of the lubrication film around the bubble was obtained experimentally. The lubrication film of the elongated bubble translating along the microchannels presented a three-dimensional saddle shape, and the thinnest locations were located at the sides where the rupture of the lubrication film was found to occur. The minimum film thickness of the axial section in the downstream direction was found to obey the relationship of h min ∼ Ca 2/3 as predicted by the Bretherton equation, where Ca is the capillary number. Also, the minimum film thickness in the across-stream direction gradually deviated from this relationship and eventually obeyed h min ∼ Ca 1 as the film thickness was decreasing, which matches well with the existing theoretical results. Therefore, the optical interference method is effective to reveal the dynamics of the thin lubrication film in droplet microfluidics three-dimensionally.
Recovery of superquadric primitives from a range image using GA

This paper describes a method for recovering volumetric shape descriptions of 3D objects from range image. The models of shape primitives are superquadrics. The model parameters defined the shape are obtained by using genetic algorithm. The fitting energy evaluated the difference in both depth form the object center and the distribute of the normal vector between input range image and the model surfaces. When the next generation is made the model parameters are independent each other, so the crossover is applied each parameter independently. In order to overcome the local minima problem, we employ a mutation strategy and a elitist preserving strategy. After the model parameters are obtained, the remained parameters are set. We applied the proposed method to recover nondeformed superellipsoids from synthetic range image.
Reconsidering LM unit root testing

Non-rejection of a unit root hypothesis by usual Dickey & Fuller (1979) (DF, hereafter) or Phillips & Perron (1988) (hereafter PP) tests should not be taken as strong evidence in favour of unit root presence. There are less popular, but more powerful, unit root tests that should be employed instead of DF-PP tests. A prime example of an alternative test is the LM unit root test developed by Schmidt & Phillips (1992) (hereafter SP) and Schmidt & Lee (1991) (hereafter SL). LM unit root tests are easy to calculate and invariant (similar); they employ optimal detrending and are more powerful than usual DF-PP tests. Asymptotic theory and finite sample critical values (with inaccuracies that we correct in this paper) are available for SP-SL tests. However, the usefulness of LM tests is not fully understood, due to ambiguity over test type recommendation, as well as potentially inefficient derivation of the test that might confuse applied researchers. In this paper, we reconsider LM unit root testing in a model with linear trend. We derive asymptotic distribution theory (in a new fashion), as well as accurate appropriate critical values. We undertake Monte Carlo investigation of finite sample properties of SP-SL LM tests, along with applications to the Nelson & Plosser (1982) time series and real quarterly UK GDP.
Security enhancement for mobile ad hoc networks routing with OLSRv2

Some features of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), including dynamic membership, topology, and open wireless medium, introduce a variety of security risks. Malicious nodes can drop or modify packets that are received from other nodes. These malicious activities may seriously affect the availability of services in MANETs. Therefore, secure routing in MANETs has emerged as an important MANET research area. In this paper, we propose a scheme that enhances the security of Optimal Link State Routing version 2 (OLSRv2) in MANETs based on trust. In the proposed scheme, more accurate trust can be obtained by considering different types of packets and other important factors that may cause dropping packets in friendly nodes, such as buffer overflows and unreliable wireless connections. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Hot Ion Model for the X-Ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei

Presentation d'un modele a plasma ion (electron a 2 temperatures avec une densite d'energie du champ magnetique en equipartition avec celle du rayonnement pour decrire l'activite de certains noyaux de galaxies. Les indices spectraux RX deduits de ce modele sont en accord avec les resultats d'observations recentes
Energy Dissipation and Entropy Production in Irreversible Processes of Dilute Systems

Thermodynamical considerations are given on the diffusion of ideal gases, Sedimentation of dilute colloidal solution, dielectric anomalies of polar solution and intrinsic viscosity of macromolecule of non-spherical shape. In all these phenomena an important role is Played by differential equations of diffusion type which determine the distribution functions of molecules and the currents of the probability density. It is shown that the energy dissipation and the entropy increasing multiplied by absolute temperature are given by the works done by the external force and by the diffusion force respectivcly against the current of the probability density, and in particular the irreversible production of entropy multiplied by absolute temperature is given by the heat produced by the friction of the particles with the velocity equal to the current of the probability density. Finally, the theories by w. Kuhn and H. Kuhn and by one of the authors for the non-Newtonian viscosity of macromolecules are discussed and t.
Optimization of discrete inclusions with distributed parameters

Necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality under the most general assumptions are deduced for the considered problems on the basis of the apparatus of locally conjugate mappings and local tents. For problems with a convex structure dual problems are constructed and duality theorems are proved using the theorems of duality of operations of addition and informal convolution of convex functions.
Quantum anonymous voting for continuous variables

A series of quantum voting protocols of continuous variables is proposed. Three methods are employed to ensure that the quantum voting obeys some desirable rules. Entanglement is used to keep voters away from the voting results. We enable voters to operate identically to represent the same vote to prevent the tallyman from gaining information about individual voters. We also propose an effective scheme to prevent voters from voting more than once. In both two-valued and multivalued ballot protocols, several specific constraints are set to meet the rules.