Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term ecological impacts of harvesting non-timber forest products on tree species diversity at the periphery of Mbam and Djerem National Park, Cameroon

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) strongly contribute to livelihood security of forest-adjacent communities. This study examined the impacts of their harvesting on tree species diversity at the periphery of Mbam and Djerem National Park (Cameroon). Tree species diversity, with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 10 cm, was analyzed in small plots (10 × 100 m) along seven 1-ha transects. Species diversity and floristic composition of undisturbed and disturbed sites were compared in order to obtain an indication of the impact of harvesting NTFPs. A total of 1294 stems was recorded, representing 99 species, 96 genera and 36 families. Shannon diversity index values were highest in undisturbed sites (H’ > 3.5 bits), and lower in disturbed sites (H’ < 3.5 bits). Analysis of variance showed significant differences in mean diversity measures between the two sites (p = 0.047). Mean number of stems cut within the disturbed sites was 15.5 ± 5.5 stems ha -1 . The park’s region was found to be rich in Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Annonaceae. The survey highlighted the effectiveness of harvesting NTFPs in the region and its impacts on tree species diversity. Efforts should be made more in order to improve the protection of the park, and the development of a suitable regional conservation of biodiversity.
The attachment of Clostridium welchii (Cl. perfringens) type C to intestinal villi of pigs

ARBUCKLE (1970) described the attachment of enteropathogenic strains of Escherichiu coli to intestinal villi of pigs with natural or experimentally induced diarrhoea. Similar attachment occurs when gnotobiotic pigs are dosed with enteropathogenic strains of E. coli (Drees and Waxler, 1970). Clostridium welchii type C is another bacterial cause of enteric disease in pigs and since the presence of Gram-positive bacteria around villous outlines has been mentioned in reports of the histopathology of this disease (Szent-Ivhnyi and Szab6, 1956; Smith and Jones, 1963; Hsgh, 1 9 6 9 ~ ) ~ it was considered that re-investigation of clostridial adhesion to villi, especially by the use of the fluorescent antibody technique, would be interesting. Although the later intestinal degenerative changes of clostridial infection in piglets, such as extensive mucosal necrosis and the presence of Grampositive bacteria among and around the necrotic tissue are well described (Field and Gibson, 1955; Szent-Ivinyi and Szab6; Field and Goodwin, 1959; Hsgh, 1 9 6 9 ~ ) ~ the initial development of bacterial attachment to villi does not appear to have received due attention. Particular attention was therefore paid to this aspect of clostridial disease.
New routes to membrane protein structures

The EMBO Practical Course on ‘Current methods in membrance protien research’ was held at EMBL in Heidelberg, Germany, June 21–30 2000 (organized by Irmi Sinning and Matti Saraste). [][1] Membrane proteins are essential for cellular life: they contribute to the multitude of processes whereby cells interact with their environment, generate energy and maintain their cellular milieu and structure. Consequently, about a quarter of the genes in most genomes encode membrane proteins. Due to the nature of their environment in the hydrophobic lipid bilayer, membrane proteins are generally much more difficult to study than are soluble proteins, a problem which becomes apparent both when trying to obtain crystals and when attempting to determine high‐resolution structures of these proteins. In June 2000, a group of 21 young European scientists assembled at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, for a practical course entitled ‘Current methods in membrane protein research’. Here, they learned the most recent methods available for studying membrane proteins. The course touched on many areas relating to the study of this diverse grouping of proteins. However this review will focus mainly on the subject that is the final aim of many of these methods: the determination of high‐resolution structures of membrane proteins. To initiate these kinds of structural studies, one needs to have a regular supply of milligram quantities of purified membrane protein, preferable solubilized in a detergent in which the protein is still functionally active. Again, this is by no means a trivial task, but the methods that are being developed to facilitate this are beyond the focused theme of this report. ### Packing your protein in 2D Jean‐Louis Rigaud and Gervaise Mosser (Paris, France) described the use of two‐dimensional (2D) crystals of membrane proteins to study their structure using various microscopy techniques. With Bettina Bottcher (Heidelberg, Germany), they also demonstrated methods for obtaining 2D … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction

Ping Zhang was the accepting Senior Editor. This article was submitted on 12/10/2008 and accepted on 2/23/2009. It was with the authors five weeks for 2 revisions. Preece, J. and B. Shneiderman (2009) “The Reader-to-Leader Framework: Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation,” AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction , (1) 1, pp. 13-32
Observed Changes in Return Values of Annual Temperature Extremes over Argentina

Extreme temperature events are one of the most studied extreme events since their occurrence has a huge impact on society. In this study, the frequency of occurrence of absolute extreme temperature events in Argentina is analyzed. Four annual extremes are defined based on minimum and maximum daily data: the highest maximum (minimum) temperature of the year, and the lowest maximum (minimum) temperature of the year. Applying the extreme value theory (EVT), a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is fitted to these extreme indices and return values are calculated for the period 1956–2003. Its spatial distribution indicates that, for warm extremes, maximum temperature (Tx) is expected to be greater than 32°C at least once every 100 yr throughout the country (reaching values even higher than 46°C in the central region), while minimum temperature (Tn) is expected to exceed 16°C (reaching 30°C in the central and northern regions). Cold annual extremes show larger gradients across the country, with Tx being lower than 8°C at least once every 100 yr, and Tn lower than 0°C every 2 yr, with values even less than 10°C in the southwestern part of the country. However, the frequency of occurrence of climatic extremes has changed throughout the globe during the twentieth century. Changes in return values of annual temperature extremes due to the 1976–77 climatic shift at six long-term datasets are then analyzed. The lowest Tx of the year is the variable in which the 1976–77 shift is less noticeable. At all the stations studied there is a decrease in the probability of occurrence of the highest Tx if the study is based on more recent records, while the frequency of occurrence of the highest Tn increases at some stations and decreases at others. This implies that in the “present climate” (after 1977) there is a greater frequency of occurrence of high values of Tn at Observatorio Central Buenos Aires and Rio Gallegos together with a lower frequency of occurrence of high values of Tx, leading to a decrease in the annual temperature range. The most noticeable change in return values due to the 1976–77 shift is seen in Patagonia where the 10-yr return value for the highest Tn increases from 13.7°C before 1976 to 18.6°C after 1977. That is, values of the highest Tn that occurred at least once every 10 yr in the “past climate” (before 1976) now happened more than once every 2 yr.
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Research: An Annotated Bibliography

Despite growing interest, publications on ERP systems within the academic Information Systems community, as reflected by contributions to journals and international conferences, is only now emerging. This article provides an annotated bibliography of the ERP publications published in the main Information Systems journals and conferences and reviews the state of the ERP art. The publications surveyed are categorized through a framework that is structured in phases that correspond to the different stages of an ERP system lifecycle within an organization. We also present topics for further research in each phase.
Measurements and global models of surface wave propagation

A new technique for making single-station phase velocity measurements is developed and applied to a large number of globally recorded Rayleigh and Love waves in the period range 35–150 s. The method is based on phase-matched filter theory and iteratively suppresses the effect of interfering overtones by minimizing residual dispersion. The model surface wave signal is described by its amplitude and apparent phase velocity, both of which are parameterized in terms of smooth B-spline functions of frequency. A misfit function is constructed which represents the difference between the model and observed waveforms, and the optimal spline coefficients are estimated in an iterative misfit minimization algorithm. In order to eliminate cycle skips in the measurements of phase at short periods, the waveforms are first matched at long periods, and the frequency range is gradually extended to include higher frequencies. The application of the algorithm to records from the Global Seismographic Network, using earthquakes in the Harvard centroid-moment tensor catalog, results in the determination of more than 50,000 high-quality dispersion curves. The observed variations in measured dispersion for pairwise similar paths are used to estimate realistic uncertainties in the data. Phase delays at discrete periods are inverted for global maps of variations in phase velocity expanded in spherical harmonics up to degree 40. A realistic resolution test indicates that structures are well recovered up to at least degree 20. The new phase velocity maps explain 70–96% of the observed variance in phase residuals, reflecting the high internal consistency of the dispersion measurements.
Prediction of Nino 3 sea surface temperatures using linear inverse modeling

Abstract Linear inverse modeling is used to predict sea surface temperatures (SSTS) in the Nino 3 region. Predictors in three geographical locations are used: the tropical Pacific Ocean, the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, and the global tropical oceans. Predictions did not depend crucially on any of these three domains, and evidence was found to support the assumption that linear dynamics dominates most of the record. The prediction model performs better when SST anomalies are rapidly evolving than during warm events when large anomalies persist. The rms prediction error at a lead time of 9 months is about half a degree Celsius.
Validation of ozone measurements from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer

[1] Vertical profiles of ozone concentration in the high latitudes were observed by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) aboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) from November 1996 to June 1997. The ozone data obtained by the version 5.20 ILAS retrieval algorithm are compared with those obtained by the version 19 Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the version 6 Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, and the version 6 Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II retrieval algorithms. The ILAS data are also compared with ozone data measured by ozonesondes, instruments on board balloons or an aircraft, and ground-based instruments. The ILAS ozone data generally agree with its correlative data between 11 and 64 km with some exceptions. Quantitatively, the median value of the relative difference (absolute difference divided by its mean value) for these comparisons was within ±10%. Relative differences (18%) exceeding the combined measurement errors were found around 45–55 km altitude from comparisons with the HALOE and SAGE II data in January 1997 in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Larger relative differences (around 50%) were also found below 15 km from comparisons with the HALOE and POAM II data in November 1996 in the SH, but these absolute differences were 0.10–0.16 ppmv as the median value. The ozone data processed by the version 5.20 were improved compared to the former version 3.10, which is available to the general public. The version 5.20 ozone data can be used for scientific analysis purposes based on the accuracy of the data in comparison with these other instruments.
Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying red blood cell (RBC)– mediated hypoxic vasodilation remain controversial, with separate roles for nitrite (NO2 − ) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) widely contested given their ability to transduce nitric oxide bioactivity within the microcirculation. To establish their relative contribution in vivo, we quantified arterial-venous concentration gradients across the human cerebral and femoral circulation at rest and during exercise, an ideal model system characterized by physiological extremes of O2 tension and blood flow.
Foreword to the special issue: climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability in the Arctic

The Arctic climate is changing, carrying wide-ranging implications for indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants, businesses, industry and government across the circumpolar region. The latest scientific assessments indicate that change is happening faster than previously thought, and that the Arctic will continue to experience dramatic climate change in the future. This special edition of Polar Research brings together nine papers on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability in the Arctic, providing important insights on the nature of the risks and opportunities posed by climate change in the circumpolar region, highlighting opportunities for policy response and providing insights on how to conduct effective climate change research with Arctic communities.
Slug-test derived differences in bed hydraulic properties between a surge-type and a non-surge-type Svalbard glacier

Abstract We investigate the differences in subglacial hydraulic properties between Bakaninbreen, a surge-type glacier in southern Svalbard, and midre Lovénbreen, a non-surge-type glacier in northwest Svalbard, using slug tests. At Bakaninbreen, underlain by fine-grained glacial till and marine sediments, slug-test responses were underdamped and are analyzed with the Van der Kamp method using a fully penetrating screen. At midre Lovénbreen, underlain by metres-thick permafrost consisting of coarse clasts, ice and water, slug-test responses were overdamped and are analyzed with the Butler–Garnett method using a partially penetrating screen. We calculate typical hydraulic conductivities of 8.2 ± 7.8 x 10–3 ms–1 for Bakaninbreen, and 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10–5 m s–1 for midre Lovénbreen, after correction for a high-conductivity skin. At Bakaninbreen, late surge-induced subglacial sediment dilation probably caused marked hydraulic conductivity enhancement, which could be widespread during times of peak ice flow. We argue that the flow pathways in the permafrost beneath midre Lovénbreen are present, though limited in terms of their discharge capacity, which in combination with drilling-based observations and independent evidence suggests that midre Lovénbreen is not capable of surging.
OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS AT THE SOUTHERN END OF THE ARGENTINE CONTINENTAL SLOPE

RESUMENCondiciones oceanograficas en el extremo austral del talud continental argentino. Seanalizan las caracteristicas del estrato superior del Agua Intermedia Antartica entrante al AtlanticoSur, sobre la base de datos oceanograficos observados en cuatro periodos de fines de invierno (1978,1980, 1994 y 1995). Se analiza el regimen de los primeros 500 metros de la columna de agua a lolargo del talud continental y alrededor de las Islas Malvinas, entre 48° y 55°S. Con el objeto demostrar los patrones de distribucion de temperatura, salinidad y densidad se presentan mapas de dis-tribucion horizontal de dichos parametros observados en 1994. Se describen tambien, para los anos1994 y 1995, tres secciones de salinidad ubicadas estrategicamente en el canal de Malvinas mostran-do la estratificacion de las aguas entrantes y circulantes al sur de las islas. La distribucion horizontaly vertical de clorofila ‘a’ observada en 1995 es presentada con el objeto de dar mediciones de refer-encia de este parametro. Por ultimo se discute la variabilidad inter-anual del contenido de calor parados areas de 5°x 5°, al Este y al Oeste de las islas, mediante la comparacion del valor medio de latemperatura superficial de mar de los cuatro anos. El invierno de 1995 resulto ser el mas frio conanomalias termicas mayores a -0.4 °C en relacion a los otros tres anos.
Phosphorus availability and planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on plant performance in a semiarid steppe

Abstract Background and Aims Growing evidence has suggested that plant responses to model soil microorganisms are context dependent; however, few studies have investigated the effects of whole soil microbial communities on plant performance in different abiotic and biotic conditions. To address this, we examined how soil phosphorus (P) availability and different planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on the growth of two native plant species in a semiarid steppe. Methods We carried out a glasshouse experiment to explore the effects of the whole indigenous soil microbiota on the growth and performance of Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa using soil sterilization with different soil P availabilities and planting patterns (monoculture and mixture). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explain the potential molecular mechanisms of the soil microbial effects on C. squarrosa. Key Results The soil sterilization treatment significantly increased the biomass of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa in both monoculture and mixture conditions, which indicated that the soil microbiota had negative growth effects on both plants. The addition of P neutralized the negative microbial effects for both L. chinensis and C. squarrosa, whereas the mixture treatment amplified the negative microbial effects on L. chinensis but alleviated them on C. squarrosa. Transcriptomic analysis from C. squarrosa roots underscored that the negative soil microbial effects were induced by the upregulation of defence genes. The P addition treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of differentially expressed genes attributable to the soil microbiota, and some defence genes were downregulated. Conclusions Our results underline that indigenous soil microbiota have negative effects on the growth of two dominant plant species from a semiarid steppe, but their effects are highly dependent on the soil P availability and planting patterns. They also indicate that defence genes might play a key role in controlling plant growth responses to the soil microbiota.
Relationships between hydrography, phytoplankton production, biomass, cell size and species composition, and copepod production in the southern Benguela upwelling system in April 1988

Hydrography and plankton were sampled along a cross-shelf transect off the Olifants River. South Africa, in April 1988, during a relaxation phase of upwelling. Chlorophyll concentrations were similar across the shelf, 3–5 μg chl a·l−1. Midshelf, c. 80 per cent of the chlorophyll a was in cells > 10 μm, but nearshore 90 per cent was in cells 10 μm size fraction and 15 and 48 per cent in the fraction <2 μm at the large- and small.
Isolation of MutSbeta from human cells and comparison of the mismatch repair specificities of MutSbeta and MutSalpha.

A human MSH2-human MSH3 (hMSH2.hMSH3) complex of approximately 1:1 stoichiometry (human MutSbeta (hMutSbeta)) has been demonstrated in several human tumor cell lines and purified to near homogeneity. In vitro, hMutSbeta supports the efficient repair of insertion/deletion (I/D) heterologies of 2-8 nucleotides, is weakly active on a single-nucleotide I/D mispair, and is not detectably active on the eight base-base mismatches. Human MutSalpha (hMutSalpha), a heterodimer of hMSH2 and hMSH6, efficiently supports the repair of single-nucleotide I/D mismatches, base-base mispairs, and all substrates tested that were repaired by hMutSbeta. Thus, the repair specificities of hMutSalpha and hMutSbeta are redundant with respect to the repair of I/D heterologies of 2-8 nucleotides. The hMutSalpha level in repair-proficient HeLa cells (1.5 microg/mg nuclear extract) is approximately 10 times that of hMutSbeta. In HCT-15 colorectal tumor cells, which do not contain hMSH6 and consequently lack hMutSalpha, the hMutSbeta level is elevated severalfold relative to that in HeLa cells and is responsible for the repair of I/D mismatches that has been observed in this cell line. LoVo tumor cells, which are genetically deficient in hMSH2, lack both hMutSalpha and hMutSbeta, and hMSH3 and hMSH6 levels are less than 4% of those found in repair-proficient cells. Coupled with previous findings (J. T. Drummond, J. Genschel, E. Wolf, and P. Modrich (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 10144-10149), these results suggest that hMSH2 partitions between available pools of hMSH3 and hMSH6 and indicate that hMSH2 positively modulates hMSH6 and hMSH3 levels, perhaps by stabilization of the polypeptides upon heterodimer formation.