Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NEW VERSION OF THE LOCAL CONSTANT M-SMOOTHER

ABSTRACT In the case of the equally spaced fixed design nonparametric regression, the local constant M-smoother (LCM) in Chu, Glad, Godtliebsen, and Marron [1] has the interesting property of jump-preserving. However, it suffers from the problem of boundary effects. To correct for such adverse effects on the LCM, Rue, Chu, Godtliebsen, and Marron [2] apply the local linear fit to the “inside” of the kernel function, and propose the local linear M-smoother (LLM). Unfortunately, the LLM is more sensitive to random fluctuations, since an extra tuning parameter is included. To avoid such a practical drawback to the LLM, we propose a new version of the LCM by applying the local linear fit to the “outside” of the kernel function. Our proposed estimator employs both the same tuning parameter associated with the ordinary LCM and the same weights assigned to the observations by the local linear smoother in Fan 3-4. It has the same asymptotic mean square error as the LLM. In practice, it can be calculated by using the fast computation algorithm designed for the ordinary LCM by Chu et al. [1], and does not suffer from the drawback to the LLM. More importantly, our results obtained for the new version of the LCM in the one-dimensional case can be extended directly to the multidimensional case. Simulation studies demonstrate that the asymptotic effects hold for reasonable sample sizes.
IMPROVING CORONARY HEART DISEASE PREDICTION BY OUTLIER ELIMINATION

Nowadays, heart disease is the major cause of deaths globally. According to a survey conducted by the World Health Organization, almost 18 million people die of heart diseases (or cardiovascular diseases) every day. So, there should be a system for early detection and prevention of heart disease. Detection of heart disease mostly depends on the huge pathological and clinical data that is quite complex. So, researchers and other medical professionals are showing keen interest in accurate prediction of heart disease. Heart disease is a general term for a large number of medical conditions related to heart and one of them is the coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary heart disease is caused by the amassing of plaque on the artery walls. In this paper, various machine learning base and ensemble classifiers have been applied on heart disease dataset for efficient prediction of coronary heart disease. Various machine learning classifiers that have been employed include k-nearest neighbor, multilayer perceptron, multinomial naïve bayes, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest and support vector machine classifiers. Ensemble classifiers that have been used include majority voting, weighted average, bagging and boosting classifiers. The dataset used in this study is obtained from the Framingham Heart Study which is a long-term, ongoing cardiovascular study of people from the Framingham city in Massachusetts, USA. To evaluate the performance of the classifiers, various evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall and f1 score have been used. According to our results, the best accuracy was achieved by logistic regression, random forest, majority voting, weighted average and bagging classifiers but the highest accuracy among these was achieved using weighted average ensemble classifier.
Coherence-Guided Complex Convolutional Sparse Coding for Interferometric Phase Restoration

Interferometric phase restoration is a crucial step in retrieving large-scale geophysical parameters from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Existing noise impacts the accuracy of parameter retrieval as a result of decorrelation effects. Most state-of-the-art filtering methods belong to the group of nonlocal filters. In this article, we propose a novel convolutional sparse coding method in complex domain with the prior knowledge of coherence integrated into the optimization model, which is termed as CoComCSC. CoComCSC is not only capable of reducing noise in regions with continuous phase changes, but also of preserving the phase details prominently. The experiments results on simulated and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of CoComCSC by comparing with other state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the obtained digital elevation model (DEM) product by CoComCSC from RADARSAT-2 data indicates its superior filtering performance over regions with heterogeneous land covers, which shows its great potential for generating high-resolution DEM products.
The Integrated Impact of Drought on Crop Yield and Farmers’ Livelihood in Semi-Arid Rural Areas in China

Drought has a profound impact on crop yield and the subsistence farming economy in arid and semi-arid lands of developing countries. It creates insecurity in the food supply and livelihood of rural farmers, leading to different livelihood trajectories and transformations. However, a primary challenge is to examine the complexity and location-specificity of drought impact. This study proposes a conceptual framework to understand the integrated drought impact on Yuzhong County in Gansu Province, China. Specifically, the study applies the standardized precipitation index at different time scales to observe drought changes from 1960 to 2017 and estimates the correlation with crop yield. Then, farmers in the northern, central, and southern regions of Yuzhong County were categorized using two-step cluster analysis, based on survey data collected from 1013 interviews conducted in the three regions. The study explores the impact of drought on the livelihood and food security of different clusters of farmers and analyzes their livelihood trajectories and transformations. The results showed that the drastic years with moderate and severe droughts were 1981–1983, 1997, and 2011–2012. Drought was significantly correlated with crop yield, and the effect of SPI12 was more severe. Five clusters of farmers in the southern regions of Yuzhong county were affected by drought with large drought disaster areas and serious economic losses, leading to high rates of affordability deficit and food insecurity, especially in the southern region. As a result, farmers have been adapting their livelihoods to drought, transforming toward mixed livelihoods in the northern region and part-time agricultural livelihoods in the central and southern regions. This study recommends an increase in public investment in water conservancy and irrigation facilities and suggests that locations and policies be utilized to promote the transformation of farmers’ livelihoods to make them more resilient.
COMPARISON OF KETAMINE AND TRAMADOL FOR PREVENTION OF SHIVERING DURING SPINAL ANESTHESIA

After receiving a spinal anesthetic, shivering is a common side effect. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of Ketamine and Tramadol in reducing the occurrence of shivering. One hundred and fifty patients aged 18 to 60 with ASA physical status I or II having different surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive either Intravenous (IV) normal saline (Group P), IV 0.5mg/kg ketamine (Group K), or IV 0.5kg/mg tramadol (Group T). The frequency of shivering, its impact, and the onset of nausea, vomiting, sweating, and nystagmus were all noted. Patients were similar in demographics, body temperature at baseline, operation type, median sensory blockage, surgery duration, and anesthetic. 23.3% of patients (35/150) experienced shivering episodes.Twenty-twopatientsin the placebo group, followed by eight in treatment Group T, and five in treatment group K, reported shivering. The study revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) between Group K and P. When comparing Group T to Group K (p = 0.871) and Group P (p = 0.724), however, no group showed statistical significance. In group K, nystagmus was one of the most commonly reported adverse effects of IV ketamine, affecting 35 patients (70%). Therefore, compared to the placebo group, Ketamine at a dose of 0.5mg/kg reduces the shivering associated with spinal anesthesia. But there was no statistically significant difference between Ketamine and the intravenous 0.5 mg/kg Tramadolgroup found in our study.
A measurement strategy and an error-compensation model for the on-machine laser measurement of large-scale free-form surfaces

This study presents a novel measurement strategy and an error-compensation model for the measurement of large-scale free-form surfaces in on-machine laser measurement systems. To improve the measurement accuracy, the effects of the scan depth, surface roughness, incident angle and azimuth angle on the measurement results were investigated experimentally, and a practical measurement strategy considering the position and orientation of the sensor is presented. Also, a semi-quantitative model based on geometrical optics is proposed to compensate for the measurement error associated with the incident angle. The normal vector of the measurement point is determined using a cross-curve method from the acquired surface data. Then, the azimuth angle and incident angle are calculated to inform the measurement strategy and error-compensation model, respectively. The measurement strategy and error-compensation model are verified through the measurement of a large propeller blade on a heavy machine tool in a factory environment. The results demonstrate that the strategy and the model are effective in increasing the measurement accuracy.
The bi-objective pareto constraint

Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization (MOCO) problems are ubiquitous in real-world applications. Gavanelli proposed a complete constraint programming approach to find the exact set of optimal solutions – known as efficient solutions – of MOCO problems. This approach has recently been extended in a new global constraint called the Pareto constraint. In this paper, we bring some complementary information on the Pareto constraint. Particularly, we discuss its efficiency when applied on standard MOCO problems and present two ways of improving this efficiency when applied on bi-objective combinatorial optimization problems
Interval estimation for drop-the-losers designs

In the first stage of a two-stage, drop-the-losers design, a candidate for the best treatment is selected. At the second stage, additional observations are collected to decide whether the candidate is actually better than the control. The design also allows the investigator to stop the trial for ethical reasons at the end of the first stage if there is already strong evidence of futility or superiority. Two types of tests have recently been developed, one based on the combined means and the other based on the combined p-values, but corresponding interval estimators are unavailable except in special cases. The problem is that, in most cases, the interval estimators depend on the mean configuration of all treatments in the first stage, which is unknown. In this paper, we prove a basic stochastic ordering lemma that enables us to bridge the gap between hypothesis testing and interval estimation. The proposed confidence intervals achieve the nominal confidence level in certain special cases. Simulations show that decisions based on our intervals are usually more powerful than those based on existing methods. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Robust Integral Sliding‐Mode Consensus Tracking for Multi‐Agent Systems with Time‐Varying Delay

This paper is devoted to robust integral sliding‐mode consensus tracking control for leader‐following multi‐agent systems with higher order, time‐varying delay and disturbances under fixed and switching topologies. A delay‐dependent sufficient condition for the existence of integral sliding surfaces is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. This guarantees the global stability of the dynamics in the specified switching surface and the consensus tracking of multi‐agent systems is achieved. Unlike the previous works, both the controller gain and sliding mode matrix are designed but not chosen in this note, which increases the design degree of freedom, and moreover, the reciprocally convex combination technique is given to get a less conservative stability condition for multi‐agent systems with arbitrary time‐derivative of the time‐varying delay. Illustrative examples with fixed and switching topologies are provided to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Patterns of Changes in Respiratory Muscle Strength over 1 Year in Non-Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia, and Severe Sarcopenia

In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we explored the characteristics of older people with lower respiratory muscle strength, according to sarcopenia severity, over the course of 1 year. The maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index of 58 participants (28 men, 30 women; mean age, 76.9 ± 7.7 years) were measured at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up. Participants were classified into a decreased MEP group (n = 29; MEP decreased by ≥10% after 1 year) and a non-decreased MEP group (n = 29; MEP decreased by <10%). Sarcopenia status in the mild direction at baseline was significantly associated with MEP decline after one year. Repeated two-way analysis of variance showed significant main effects of measurement time (p < 0.001) and severity of sarcopenia (p = 0.026), as well as a significant interaction effect (p = 0.006). Surprisingly, MEP decreased significantly in the non-sarcopenia and sarcopenia groups, but not in the severe sarcopenia group. Thus, individuals without sarcopenia and those with moderate sarcopenia at baseline are predisposed to MEP decline and should be closely monitored for signs of such decline and associated adverse events.
THEORY OF THE BRADFORD LAW

The Bradford law is explored theoretically by means of a very mixed Poisson model which, it is claimed, elucidates the uncertainties surrounding the law and its applications. It is argued that Bradford succeeded in formulating an empirical regularity which has pure and hybrid forms but that all the variants can be subsumed under a simple logarithmic law which, for reasons explained, escapes exact expression in conventional frequency terms. The theoretical aspects discussed include the hybridity of form, estimations, sampling problems, the stability of ranks, homogeneity of data, and tests of significance. Some numerical examples, some simulated and some drawn from social contexts outside bibliography, are used both to illustrate theoretical issues and also to indicate the wide generality of the Bradford law. Possible applications and developments of the theory are indicated.
Apakah Terdapat Kaitan Antara Self Compassion dan Life Satisfaction Pada Remaja Panti Asuhan?

The problems that arise in orphanage adolescents are the lack of fulfillment of the need for security, complete love that should be obtained from parents and mass care carried out in orphanages. Less than optimal fulfillment of physiological needs, the sense of security and affection they get will affect the life satisfaction of adolescents living in orphanages. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction in orphanage adolescents. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with saturated sampling technique. The subjects in this study were middle teens in three orphanages in Temanggung with a sample of 35 teenagers. The measuring tool for the self-compassion variable is the Self Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) which is translated by Lestari (2020) which consists of 12 items. The data analysis technique in this study was the assumption test and correlation test which was carried out with SPSS version 21 software. This study showed a significant relationship sig (2-tailed = 0.00) with a positive direction of relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.698 between self-compassion and life satisfaction in orphanage youth, this means that the higher the compassion, the higher the life satisfaction of the orphanage youth.Problematika yang muncul pada remaja panti asuhan adalah kurang terpenuhinya kebutuhan rasa aman, kasih sayang utuh yang seharusnya didapatkan dari orang tua dan digantikan dengan pengasuhan massal yang dilakukan di panti asuhan. Kurang optimalnya pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis, rasa aman dan kasih sayang yang mereka dapatkan akan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan hidup remaja yang tinggal di panti asuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self-compassion dan life satisfaction pada remaja panti asuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah remaja tengah di tiga panti asuhan di Temanggung dengan jumlah sample 35 remaja. Alat ukur untuk variabel self-compassion adalah Self Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) yang diterjemahkan oleh lestari (2020) yang terdiri dari 12 item. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah uji asumsi dan uji korelasi yang dilakukan dengan software SPSS versi 21. Penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan signifikan sig (2-tailed =0,00) dengan arah hubungan yang positif dengan koefisien korelasi 0,698 antara self-compassion dan life satisfaction pada remaja panti asuhan , hal ini berarti semakin tinggi self-compassion maka semakin tinggi pula life satisfaction pada remaja panti asuhan.
Anterior Dentary Shape as an Indicator of Diet in Ruminant Artiodactyls

ABSTRACT Several studies have quantified selective capability in artiodactyls using skeletal correlates such as the premaxillary shape index (PSI), incisor arcade breadth (IAB), incisor arcade curvature (DOC), and incisor width ratio (IWR). These metrics are limited in their applicability because they do not account for the potential importance of muzzle length. Herein we apply a new method for the quantification of muzzle shape (the dentary shape index [DSI]) that combines dentary length and width. We find that browsers possess the longest, narrowest muzzles, whereas the muzzles of grazers are comparatively short and wide. Discriminant function analysis demonstrates that DSI yields the highest rate of correct dietary classification of all muzzle shape proxies proposed to date. Generalized estimating equations and phylogenetically independent contrasts show that the shape of the anterior dentary (DSI) is significantly correlated with both diet and premaxillary shape (PSI) across the cetartiodactyl tree. We suggest that the match between premaxillary and anterior dentary shape is important in cropping but it is the shape of the lower incisor arcade that is under direct dietary selection. We conclude that the length and width of the anterior dentary are functional determinants of selectivity in ruminant artiodactyls and that these traits have potentially evolved in response to selection for efficient feeding as it is related to the different dietary requirements of browsers and grazers.
Demonstration of nonpolar a-plane InGaN/GaN light emitting diode on r-plane sapphire substrate

High crystalline a-plane (112¯0) GaN epitaxial layers with smooth surface morphology were grown on r-plane (11¯02) sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The full width at half maximum of x-ray rocking curve was measured as 407 arc sec along c-axis direction, and the root mean square roughness was 1.23 nm. Nonpolar a-plane InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes were subsequently grown on a-plane GaN template, and the optical output power of 0.72 mW was obtained at drive current of 20 mA (3.36 V) and 2.84 mW at 100 mA (4.62 V) with the peak emission wavelength of 477 nm.
Enhanced buckled-beam piezoelectric energy harvesting using midpoint magnetic force

Aiming to improve the functionality of a buckled-beam piezoelectric energy harvester, a midpoint magnetic force is utilized to enable snap-through motions under low-frequency (<30 Hz) small-amplitude (0.2 g–0.8 g) excitations. The noncontact midpoint magnetic force is introduced through a local magnetic levitation system created by neodymium magnets and is capable of triggering the second buckling mode that helps the beam easily snap through between equilibriums when subjected to excitations. Significant enhancements, along with distinct nonlinear phenomena, are observed at low frequencies in terms of large-amplitude voltage output and extended frequency bandwidth. Frequency tuning is also achievable by adjusting the separation distance between magnets.
Effect Of Emotional Fatigue On Employee Behavior With Moderate Variables Of Work Stress (Case Study On Secretáriado Da Comissão Função Publica (SCFP)

This study aims to analyze and explain (1) The effect of emotional fatigue on employee deviant behavior, (2) The effect of work stress on employee laying behavior, (3) The role of work stress in moderating the effect of emotional fatigue on employee behavior. The study was conducted at the Comissão da Função Pública (CFP) secretariat office. This study uses quantitative research methods, data collection using questionnaire instruments, and data analysis using Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) using 110 respondents. The results of this study concluded that emotional fatigue had a positive effect on employee deviant behavior. However the work stress variable in this study has a positive influence in moderating the relationship of emotional fatigue to employee deviant behavior.
On the generation of ion beamlets in the magnetotail: Resonant acceleration versus stochastic acceleration

In the Earth plasma sheet boundary layer, two types of ion beams (so‐called beamlets of type I and of type II) were investigated for more then two decades. Type I beamlets have energies <20 keV and small velocity dispersion, while type II beamlets have energies up to 100 keV and large velocity dispersion. It is believed that beamlets of type I result from nonadiabatic and resonant acceleration by the cross‐tail electric field Ey at the fulfillment of the resonant condition in the current sheet, while beamlets type II could be generated by sufficiently large level of electromagnetic fluctuations in the magnetotail. The resonant condition is very sensitive to the presence of the perturbation and eventually should be destroyed by growing “noise. ” We performed test particle simulation taking into account two possible acceleration mechanisms, cross‐tail electric field Ey and stochastic acceleration due to electromagnetic perturbations. Electromagnetic perturbation were generated by a set of oscillating clouds in the plasma sheet. We obtained that type I beamlets could be observed even in the presence of moderate levels of perturbation δB∼Bz(z=0), where Bz is a magnetic field component perpendicular to the current sheet plane. Increasing the perturbation level, beamlets of higher energy are obtained. The interplay of ion resonant acceleration and magnetic perturbation in the magnetotail leads to a continuous transition from beamlets of type I to beamlets of type II. A comparison of the numerical results with the observation of ion populations in magnetotail is also discussed.