Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical radar profiling: Combined analysis of traveltimes, amplitudes, and reflections

ABSTRACTVertical radar profiling (VRP) is a single-borehole geophysical technique, in which the receiver antenna is located within a borehole and the transmitter antenna is placed at one or various offsets from the borehole. Today, VRP surveying is primarily used to derive 1D velocity models by inverting the arrival times of direct waves. Using field data collected at a well-constrained test site in Germany, we evaluated a VRP workflow relying on the analysis of direct-arrival traveltimes and amplitudes as well as on imaging reflection events. To invert our VRP traveltime data, we used a global inversion strategy resulting in an ensemble of acceptable velocity models, and thus, it allowed us to appraise uncertainty issues in the estimated velocities as well as in porosity models derived via petrophysical translations. In addition to traveltime inversion, the analysis of direct-wave amplitudes and reflection events provided further valuable information regarding subsurface properties and architecture. The .
A Challenge for Parents? Understanding The Needs of a Psychoeducational Program for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder with a high prevalence and continues to increase from time to time. ASD is still considered a taboo and a scourge. Whereas ASD is not a disease, but a disorder characterized by a decrease in the quality of individuals in social interactions, communication skills, and repetitive interests and behaviors. Due to the increasing prevalence of ASD and the lack of available information, this study seeks to explore the need for whether a parental assistance program is needed when dealing with a diagnosis of ASD in their child. The research method used in this research is qualitative. Researchers involved 6 participants consisting of 2 parents of children diagnosed with ASD, 2 parents of children with typical development, and 2 therapists who have treated children with special. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The findings in this study indicate that not much is known about ASD by parents. Parents do a lot of searching independently but the information obtained is generally limited. Parents are also often still confused about understanding ASD and what actions can be taken to help their child. One of the main problems parents face when dealing with an ASD diagnosis is acceptance. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) menjadi gangguan dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi dan terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. ASD masih dianggap tabu dan menjadi momok. Padahal ASD bukanlah suatu penyakit, melainkan sebuah gangguan yang ditandai dengan penurunan kualitas individu dalam interaksi sosial, kemampuan komunikasi, serta minat dan perilaku yang berulang. Dengan prevalensi ASD yang terus meningkat dan kurangnya informasi yang tersedia, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali kebutuhan apakah suatu program psikoedukasi bagi orang tua dibutuhkan ketika menghadapi diagnosa ASD pada anaknya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Peneliti melibatkan 6 orang partisipan yang terdiri dari 2 orang tua dengan anak terdiagnosa ASD, 2 orang tua dari anak dengan perkembangan tipikal, dan 2 orang terapis yang menangani anak berkebutuhan khusus. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengenai ASD belum banyak diketahui oleh para orang tua. Orang tua banyak melakukan pencarian secara mandiri namun informasi yang didapat umumnya terbatas. Orang tua juga seringkali masih mengalami kebingungan dalam memahami ASD dan tindakan apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu anak mereka. Salah satu permasalahan utama yang dihadapi orang tua ketika menghadapi diagnosa ASD adalah penerimaan.
Analysis of Tea Agroforestry System: The Case of Kyenjojo District in Uganda

Uganda is one of the countries in east Africa where agroforestry farming system has spread in twelve agro-ecological zones. Agroforestry practices are critical in all agro-based sectors like tea industry because of benefits like provision of fuel wood for curing tea. The purpose of this study was to understand the current agroforestry practices adopted by smallholder tea estate farmers and investigate options for scaling up the technology to alleviate the fuelwood scarcity faced by tea industries. The study involved a survey that was conducted in Kyenjojo district located in Western Uganda in June 2020. A total of 65 small holder tea farmers (respondents) were interviewed during the study. A purposive sampling method was used and data analyzed with SPSS to generate descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages, tables, graphs and charts. Results showed that shade was the most benefit of agroforestry trees by a proportion of 33% towards tea growing and followed by climate modification at 24%. Protection of the environment was also revealed as one of the leading benefits of tea agroforestry with a proportion of 34%, as well as trees acting as a source of poles at 23%. Eucalyptus at 34% was the most dominant agroforestry tree used at tea farm level as a woodlot, followed by Grevillea robusta at 28%. The most dominant adoption method of tea agroforestry practices at tea farm level was through farmers learning from fellow farmers at 34%, followed by adoption by trainings at 23%. Planting of agroforestry trees was the only remedy stated by farmers as an effort done to retain trees on farm. As a recommendation towards increased uptake of agroforestry at farm level, farmers identified certification and other factory-based incentives such as Rain Forest Alliance being the most important. Based on the identified benefits of tea-agroforestry systems, efforts should be made by Public, Private and Development partners to make all tea farmers aware of the existing and appropriate agroforestry practices while developing appropriate incentive models for increased adoption of tea agroforestry system in Uganda.
The Usefulness of Elastin Staining to Detect Vascular Invasion in Cancer

Tumor prognosis hinges on accurate cancer staging, a pivotal process influenced by the identification of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), i.e., blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion. Protocols by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have been established to assess LVI in various tumor types, including, but not limited to, breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic exocrine tumors, and thyroid carcinomas. The CAP refers to blood vessel invasion as “angioinvasion” (vascular invasion) to differentiate it from lymphatic vessel invasion (lymphatic invasion). For clarity, the latter terms will be used throughout this review. The presence of lymphatic and/or vascular invasion has emerged as a pivotal prognostic factor; therefore, its accurate identification is crucial not only for staging but also for providing the patient with an honest understanding of his/her prognosis. Given the prognostic importance of the correct identification of LVI, specific staining techniques are employed to distinguish lymphatic vessel invasion from angioinvasion and to differentiate true LVI from artifact. These encompass hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, elastic staining, Factor VIII staining, Ulex europaeus I agglutinin staining, CD31, CD34, D2-40, ERG, and D2-40 (podoplanin) immunohistochemical (IHC) stains among others. Based on a review of numerous publications regarding the efficacy of various methods for LVI detection, elastin staining demonstrated superior accuracy and prognostic value, allowing for more targeted treatment strategies. The clinical significance of accurately detecting LVI cannot be overstated, as it is strongly linked to higher cancer-related mortality and an increased risk of tumor recurrence. This review aims to examine the existing literature on the use of elastin stains in the detection of vascular invasion among different types of tumors and its prognostic value.
Planning national adaptation responses to climate change

Climate change research must be nationally relevant for research outputs to be used broadly. This is why CIMMYT-CCAFS conducted its research in close collaboration with the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and other stakeholders in Ethiopia. The climate research outputs generated were used as inputs during the development of Ethiopia’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. The collaboration with national stakeholders also helped in building national climate research capacity in Ethiopia where climate change information is limited. K E Y F I N DI NG S • CIMMYT-CCAFS research played a crucial role in building national climate research capacity in Ethiopia.
Origin of Albite Porphyroblasts

ORIGIN OF ALBITE PORPHYROBLASTS SIR,—In his letter on this subject in the May-June number of this Magazine, Dr. A. F. Trendall is in error in supposing that Dr. K. A. Jones (Geql. Mag., 98, p. 43) has confused his (Trendall's) view with that of Reynolds in the sentence " The origin of the porphyroblasts was considered by Trendall to be due to a soda metasomatism, possibly from a trondhjemitic magmatic source ". In my 1942 paper on albite-schists to which Dr. Jones referred, the petrochemical evidence I recorded led me to conclude that " If the process of introduction of Na and Si, reinforced by Ca . concomitant with driving out of K, Fe, Mg, and Al had continued, the albite-schists would eventually have attained the composition of trondhjemite ". On the basis of previously recorded experiences, both of my own and of other investigators, I suggested that trondhjemite evolved in this way might become rheomorphic. I have never, in fact, considered trondhjemite magma to be the source of the soda. For nearly thirty years I have vigorously combated the view that granitic magma is the cause of feldspathization. During this time, all the evidence I have observed and recorded, as well as the evidence I have read about, has led me to think that magma of granitic composition is formed from older rocks as an end-stage of metasomatic change when accompanied by rising temperature. Dr. Jones' misrepresentation of Dr. Trendall's conclusions, and Dr. Trendall's misrepresentation of my conclusions are, unfortunately, but a minor symptom of a widespread malaise of geological writings of the present time. It therefore behoves us all to keep in mind Josh Billings' conclusion that " the trouble with most folks is not so much their ignorance as their knowing so many things which ain't so ". In our enthusiasm, however, do not let us forget that it was neither Reynolds (1942), nor Trendall (1953) nor Jones (1961) who first recognized that the albite-schists under discussion result from a largescale impregnation of sodium, and that the growth of the albite porphyroblasts was commonly post-tectonic. The honours go to Clough (1897).
HeartWave: A Multiclass Dataset of Heart Sounds for Cardiovascular Diseases Detection

The auscultation of heart sounds has proven advantageous for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular conditions. Various methods have been proposed for the automatic analysis of heart sounds to reduce subjectivity in diagnosis and alleviate physicians’ workload. However, the effectiveness of these methods heavily depends on the amount and quality of the heart sound datasets used and the availability of publicly accessible datasets that include the most common and difficult classes. In this study, we introduce the HeartWave dataset, a comprehensive heart sound dataset comprising recordings from nine distinct classes of the most common heart sounds from all classes and subclasses of cardiovascular diseases, documented, with enough samples, good quality, and well labelled, with a focus on the hard and difficult cases of diagnosis. The dataset includes a total of 1353 recordings of heart sounds. Notably, this dataset includes extremely rare and difficult-to-diagnose classes. In order to establish a reliable reference standard, a team of experienced cardiologists actively participated in the entire annotation process. The length of audio recordings is substantial, allowing for the extraction of multiple heartbeats from a single recording through the use of segmentation techniques. Moreover, our dataset takes into consideration the standard cardiologist practices to enable the capture of specific heart sounds associated with corresponding clinical locations. According to our post analysis of the dataset, the average signal-to-noise ratio of our proposed dataset surpasses that of the widely known PhysioNet/CinC 2016 public dataset by about two folds, ensuring a cleaner acoustic signal. Our proposed dataset provides a valuable resource for training and evaluating machine learning models aimed at automated heart sound classification and diagnosis.
A Low-Noise Area-Efficient Column-Parallel ADC With an Input Triplet for a 120-dB High Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor

This article presents and demonstrates the design of a high dynamic range (HDR) CMOS image sensor (CIS). Detailed operation of various comparator circuits is analyzed. A low-noise, area-efficient, wide-input range comparator is proposed for HDR applications. Based on the analysis, a six-transistor (6T) comparator is proposed with a p-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) input triplet, which effectively increases the input range of a conventional PMOS-input type comparator and compensates the charge injection and kT/C noise introduced from pixels switching between high-conversion-gain (HCG) and low-conversion-gain (LCG) modes. The proposed scheme achieves an extra high dynamic range (DR). A full HD (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1920\times1080$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) HDR image sensor with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.9 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel pitches is fabricated in a 55 nm one-ploy five-metal (1P5M) CIS process. The incorporated analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) demonstrates a 12-bit resolution, a noise of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$96 ~\mu _{\mathrm {VRMS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a power consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$25 ~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, an area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.9\times 400\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and its integral non-linearity (INL) and differential non-linearity (DNL) are −0.43/+7.22 and −0.30/+0.29 LSB, respectively. The sensor achieves a 120-dB DR at 30 frames/sec and a temporal noise of 0.91e-.
Cross-validation for Geospatial Data: Estimating Generalization Performance in Geostatistical Problems

Geostatistical learning problems are frequently characterized by spatial autocorrelation in the input features and/or the potential for covariate shift at test time. These realities violate the classical assumption of independent, identically distributed data, upon which most cross-validation algorithms rely in order to estimate the generalization performance of a model. In this paper, we present a theoretical criterion for unbiased cross-validation estimators in the geospatial setting. We also introduce a new cross-validation algorithm to evaluate models, inspired by the challenges of geospatial problems. We apply a framework for categorizing problems into different types of geospatial scenarios to help practitioners select an appropriate cross-validation strategy. Our empirical analyses compare cross-validation algorithms on both simulated and several real datasets to develop recommendations for a variety of geospatial settings. This paper aims to draw attention to some challenges that arise in model evaluation for geospatial problems and to provide guidance for users
Comparative analysis of the impact of 40 adenovirus types on dendritic cell activation and CD8+ T cell proliferation capacity for the identification of favorable immunization vector candidates

For the development of new adenovirus (AdV)-based vectors, it is important to understand differences in immunogenicity. In a side-by-side in vitro analysis, we evaluated the effect of 40 AdV types covering human AdV (HAdV) species A through G on the expression of 11 activation markers and the secretion of 12 cytokines by AdV-transduced dendritic cells, and the effect on CD8+ T cell proliferation capacity. We found that the expression of activation markers and cytokines differed widely between the different HAdV types, and many types were able to significantly impair the proliferation capacity of CD8+ T cells. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggested an important role of type I interferons in mediating this suppression of CD8+ T cells, which we confirmed experimentally in a proliferation assay using a type I interferon receptor blocking antibody. Using Bayesian statistics, we calculated a prediction model that suggests HAdV types HAdV-C1, -D8, -B7, -F41, -D33, -C2, -A31, -B3 and -D65 as the most favorable candidates for vaccine vector development.
Prediction of Electrical Resistance with Conductive Sewing Patterns by Combining Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regressions

This study aims to estimate the impact of sewing thread patterns on changes in the resistance of conductive yarns coated with silver paste. Firstly, the structure of the conductive yarns was examined, and various variations in the length and angle of individual sewing stitches were observed and analyzed through experiments. The results revealed that as the length of an individual stitch decreased, the width of the conductive yarn increased. Additionally, variations in the stitch angle resulted in different resistance values in the conductive yarn. These findings provide essential information for optimizing sewing patterns and designing components. Secondly, the comparison between models using multiple linear regression analysis and sewing neural networks was included to show optimized resistance prediction. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the stitch length and angle were significant variables affecting the resistance of the conductive thread. The artificial neural network model results can be valuable for optimizing sewing patterns and controlling resistance in various applications that utilize conductive thread. In addition, understanding the resistance variation in conductive thread according to sewing patterns and using optimized models to enhance component performance provides opportunities for innovation and progress. This research is necessary for the textile industry and materials engineering fields and holds high potential for practical applications in industrial settings.
Analysis on encounter probabilities for coastal surge heights and corresponding wind velocities based on Copula functions

This paper deals the Copula theory and some of common bivariate Archimedean Copula properties and suitability.A case study is given by using yearly maximum surge heights and corresponding wind speeds collected at Mayu gauge in Shantou sea waters of eastern Guangdong.Bivariate joint distribution model is built up through optimized two marginal distribution of yearly maximum surge heights and corresponding wind speeds by using goodness-of-fit test among three tri-parameter probability distribution model including Generalized extreme value distribution,Pearson pattern three and Weibull distribution.Some conclusions were reached in the following:(1) Optimized marginal distributions of yearly maximum surge heights and corresponding wind speeds can be represented by the Weibull distribution and Pearson pattern three distribution,respectively;(2) Gumbel-Hougaard Copula that belongs to Archimedean copula family is the optimal copula selected by the goodness-of-fit test;(3) Compare to the joint distribution,the relative differences of the special frequency design values of the marginal distribution of yearly maximum surge heights fall in between 6.7% and 22.2% for the return periods between 2 and 200 year;(4) The encounter probabilities of yearly maximum surge heights given wind velocity rapidly decrease along with the minishing design frequency of surge heights;whereas the encounter probabilities increase when the specific surge height frequency along with decrease of wind velocity frequency.
Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications

Employing a combination of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoforming and 3D-printed cylindrical patterns, we carefully engineer a linear resistive temperature sensor. This intricate process involves initial PET thermoforming, yielding a hollow cylindrical chamber. This chamber is then precisely infused with a composite fluid of graphite and water glue. Ensuring electrical connectivity, both ends are affixed with metal wires and securely sealed using a hot gun. This cost-effective, versatile sensor adeptly gauges temperature shifts by assessing composite fluid resistance alterations. Its PET outer surface grants immunity to water and solubility concerns, enabling application in aquatic and aerial settings without extra encapsulation. Rigorous testing reveals the sensor’s linearity and stability within a 10 °C to 60 °C range, whether submerged or airborne. Beyond 65 °C, plastic deformation arises. To mitigate hysteresis, a 58 °C operational limit is recommended. Examining fluidic composite width and length effects, we ascertain a 12 Ω/°C sensitivity for these linear sensors, a hallmark of their precision. Impressive response and recovery times of 4 and 8 s, respectively, highlight their efficiency. These findings endorse thermoforming’s potential for fabricating advanced temperature sensors. This cost-effective approach’s adaptability underscores its viability for diverse applications.
Repeated tabular injection of high-level alkaline granites in the eastern Bushveld, South Africa

Field observations, petrography and magnetic susceptibility fabrics are used to characterize the structure and evolution of the Nebo granite, forming part of the Bushveld Complex, in South Africa. The Nebo granite is the dominant component of the Lebowa granite suite, the largest known anorogenic granitoid complex. It is a composite tabular intrusion, comprising alkali feldspar granites and syenogranites. There are seven main petrographic units, defined by differences in modal content, crystallization sequence, magmatic water content, magnetic susceptibility and magnetic fabric. Each unit was emplaced independently and fed by vertical dykes. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility used to map magmatic fabrics within the granite shows that they are dominantly controlled by alignment of early-crystallizing magnetite and are similar in outcrop and pluton scale. Magnetic foliations and lineations are horizontal, reflecting vertical host-rock compression and horizontal magma flow during emplacement. Space was created by magma pressure which resulted in roof uplift and floor depression: displacements were accommodated by normal and reverse faulting and flexural-slip along bedding planes in host-rock metasediments.