Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broken Symmetry, Emergent Properties, Dissipative Structures, Life: are they Related?

Abstract : We conclude that there is no analogy visible between the stability, rigidity and other emergent properties of equilibrium broken symmetry systems, and the properties of dissipative systems driven far from equilibrium. The latter types of systems have never been observed to, nor can any mathematical reason be found why they should, exhibit the rigidity, stability, and permanence which characterizes the thermodynamically stable broken symmetry systems. (A case point of a driven system that might have exhibited broken symmetry but failed to do so is described.) The reason this is unfortunate is that many authors have chosen to use such systems as the laser and the Benard instability as models for the nature and origin of life itself, as an emergent property of inanimate matter. It is indeed an obvious fact, noted since Schrodinger's 1940 book, that life succeeds in maintaining its stability and integrity, and the identity of its genetic material, at the cost of increasing the rate of entropy production of the world as a whole. It is at least in that sense a stable 'dissipative structure'-i.e., an existence proof by example. Let us then conclude by reiterating our main point: we still believe, since in fact we understand the process in all details, in the reality of emergent properties: the ability of complex physical systems to exhibit properties unrelated to those of their constituents. But we do not believe that stable 'dissipative structures' maintained by dynamic driving forces can be shown to exist in any inanimate system, and thus we do not see how speculations about such structures and their broken symmetry can yet be relevant to the still open question of the origin and nature of life.
Phytochemical Screening, Acute Toxicity and Analgesic Activity of Extracts From Newbouldia laevis in Laboratory Animals

Extraction was by cold maceration using methanol. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to yield a brown solid of 120.191 g. The crude methanol extract was partitioned into n-hexane 0.1 g, dichloromethane 2.5 g, ethylacetate 4.6 g, and methanol 10.0 g fractions via coarse chromatography. Secondary metabolites identified; 21.73±0.36% alkaloids, 40.78±0.27% flavonoids, 15.99±0.044% saponins, 6.088±0.06% tannins, 3.086±0.03% terpenoids and 12.13±0.01% Cardiac Glycosides. Acute toxicity test showed no death in the rats administered with low dose (1000 mg/kg) and high dose (6000 mg/kg). Analgesic activities of crude methanol extract and fractions showed that at a low dose of 4000 mg/kg of the extract and the fractions have percentage inhibition of pains as methanol crude (63.48±4.62), methanol fraction (79.14±7.39), dichloromethane fraction (60.79±6.69), ethylacetate fraction (23.26±9.75) and n-hexane fraction (64.82±9.75). At a high dose of 8000 mg/kg, the percentage inhibition of pain was 5200±2.00, 71.87±7.04, 80.31±6.20, 45.61±12.60 and 43.87±8.13. Statistical analysis; P>0.05 confidence level, methanol fraction recorded highest analgesic activities while ethylacetate fraction had least.
Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC): A Case Report

Left ventricular noncompaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy. It can occur in isolation or coexist with other cardiac anomalies. Clinical presentation varies from patients to patients. LVNC is commonly diagnosed by echocardiography. We descried the case of a man with heart failure for the first time at 55 years of age. Transthoracic echocardiography shows trabeculation and intertrabecular recesses communicate with the ventricle cavity. The patient was relatively well after medical management. This case is reported for clinical awareness and share experience. CBMJ 2022 July: vol. 11 no. 02 P: 162-166
Space Charge Compensation (SSC) in hadron beams

Longitudinal space-charge fields can generate substantial distortion of the rf-generated potential wells, fill the extraction kicker gap in the beam, affect the incoherent synchrotron tune spread, and have the potential for causing instability and longitudinal emittance growth. The net effective voltage per turn resulting from the space-charge self voltage and the ring inductive wall impedance ? 0L is proportional to the slope of the beam current distribution e{beta}c {lambda}(s) and can be expressed as: V{sub s} = {partial_derivative}{lambda}(s)/{partial_derivative}s [g{sub 0}Z{sub 0}/2{beta}{gamma}{sup 2} - {omega}{sub 0}L]e{beta}cR where R = c/{omega}{sub 0} is the average machine radius, Z{sub 0} = 377 Ohm and g{sub 0} = 1 + 2ln(b/a) is the geometric space-charge constant, a and b are the beam radii and vacuum-chamber aperture. By introduction a tunable inductance L, e.g. of ferrite rings, the term in brackets and, consequently, the space-charge effect may be substantially reduced or canceled at some chosen energy [1]. This concept has been experimentally proven at the LANL Proton Storage Ring at LANL where three inductive inserts, each consisting of 30 'cores' of a cylindrically shaped ferrite with thickness of 1 inch, inner diameter of 5 inches, and an outer diameter of 8 inches, were installed. The magneticmore » permeability of the ferrite could be adjusted by introducing current into solenoids wound around the ferrite so that in the MHz range of frequencies the longitudinal space charge impedance of the machine was compensated. A strong longitudinal instability was noticed at much higher frequencies of about 75 MHz, but it was later suppressed by heating the ferrite to a temperature of 130 C to make it more lossy. « less
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling: An Introduction for Geoscientists and Engineers

Lattice Boltzmann models have a remarkable ability to simulate single- and multi-phase fluids and transport processes within them. A rich variety of behaviors, including higher Reynolds numbers flows, phase separation, evaporation, condensation, cavitation, buoyancy, and interactions with surfaces can readily be simulated. This book provides a basic introduction that emphasizes intuition and simplistic conceptualization of processes. It avoids the more difficult mathematics that underlies LB models. The model is viewed from a particle perspective where collisions, streaming, and particle-particle/particle-surface interactions constitute the entire conceptual framework. Beginners and those with more interest in model application than detailed mathematical foundations will find this a powerful "quick start" guide. Example simulations, exercises, and computer codes are included. Working code is provided on the Internet.
The Role of Background Stress State in Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip and Dynamic Rupture on a 3‐m Laboratory Fault

Fluid injection stimulates seismicity far from active tectonic regions. However, the details of how fluids modify on‐fault stresses and initiate seismic events remain poorly understood. We conducted laboratory experiments using a biaxial loading apparatus with a 3 m saw‐cut granite fault and compared events induced at different levels of background shear stress. Water was injected at 10 mL/min and normal stress was constant at 4 MPa. In all experiments, aseismic slip initiated on the fault near the location of fluid injection and dynamic rupture eventually initiated from within the aseismic slipping patch. When the fault was near critically stressed, seismic slip initiated only seconds after MPa‐level injection pressures were reached and the dynamic rupture propagated beyond the fluid pressure perturbed region. At lower stress levels, dynamic rupture initiated hundreds of seconds later and was limited to regions where aseismic slip had significantly redistributed stress from within the pressurized region to neighboring locked patches. We found that the initiation of slow slip was broadly consistent with a Coulomb failure stress, but that initiation of dynamic rupture required additional criteria to be met. Even high background stress levels required aseismic slip to modify on‐fault stress to meet initiation criteria. We also observed slow slip events prior to dynamic rupture. Overall, our experiments suggest that initial fault stress, relative to fault strength, is a critical factor in determining whether a fluid‐induced rupture will “runaway” or whether a fluid‐induced rupture will remain localized to the fluid pressurized region.
Barriers in Front-End Web Development

—Developers building web applications constantly face challenges, particularly in working with complex APIs. In response, developers often turn to Stack Overflow, offering a window into the programming barriers developers face. We examined 301 posts on Stack Overflow related to front-end web development and systematically characterized the challenges present in these posts. We found that most challenges reflected not a request for new code or an explanation of an error message but a request about how a specific code snippet might be edited to make its behavior as desired. Many challenges also reflected an underlying need to gather information about how specific code idioms are implemented within a framework or library. We identified 28 barriers developers face in front-end web development. Our findings suggest opportunities for facilitating more effective interactions with complex APIs through new types of programming content and tools that better address barriers in working with code idioms.
The Hybrid Excess and Decay (HED) model: an automated approach to characterising changes in the photoplethysmography pulse waveform

Photoplethysmography offers a widely used, convenient and non-invasive approach to monitoring basic indices of cardiovascular function, such as heart rate and blood oxygenation. Systematic analysis of the shape of the waveform generated by photoplethysmography might be useful to extract estimates of several physiological and psychological factors influencing the waveform. Here, we developed a robust and automated method for such a systematic analysis across individuals and across different physiological and psychological contexts. We describe a psychophysiologically-relevant model, the Hybrid Excess and Decay (HED) model, which characterises pulse wave morphology in terms of three underlying pressure waves and a decay function. We present the theoretical and practical basis for the model and demonstrate its performance when applied to a pharmacological dataset of 105 participants receiving intravenous administrations of the sympathomimetic drug isoproterenol (isoprenaline). We show that these parameters capture photoplethysmography data with a high degree of precision and, moreover, are sensitive to experimentally-induced changes in interoceptive arousal within individuals. We conclude by discussing the possible value in using the HED model as a complement to standard measures of photoplethysmography signals.
Advantages of distinguishing perceived and veridical growth: recommendations for future research on both constructs

ABSTRACT Research on post-traumatic growth (PTG) has burgeoned in recent years. Nearly all of the research on PTG, however, has relied on retrospective assessments of perceived growth. These reports are minimally related to prospectively assessed positive change after trauma, and what they may reflect remains unknown. In this paper, we: (1) examine the evidence regarding the disjunction between real and perceived growth, (2) conduct a systematic review to determine whether researchers distinguish between veridical and perceived growth, and (3) present four possible constructs that perceived growths may reflect: a) adherence to a cultural script, b) reappraisal coping through secondary control or self-enhancement; c) changes in narrative identity; and d) violation of post-recovery expectations. We provide suggestions for testing each of these constructs. We recommend that researchers be more explicit when perception of growth is their focus, determine optimal methods for assessing these perceptions, and conduct research on their meaning and implications.
Hom-power associative algebras

A generalization of power associative algebra, called Hom-power associative algebra, is studied. The main result says that a multiplicative Hom-algebra is Hom-power associative if and only if it satisfies two identities of degrees three and four. It generalizes Albert's result that power associativity is equivalent to third and fourth power associativity. In particular, multiplicative right Hom-alternative algebras and non-commutative Hom-Jordan algebras are Hom-power associative.
Prostate Cancer Detection with mpMRI According to PI-RADS v2 Compared with Systematic MRI/TRUS-Fusion Biopsy: A Prospective Study

Background: mpMRI assesses prostate lesions through their PI-RADS score. The primary goal of this prospective study was to demonstrate the correlation of PI-RADS v2 score and the volume of a lesion with the presence and clinical significance of prostate cancer (PCa). The secondary goal was to determine the extent of additionally PCa in inconspicuous areas. Methods: All 157 patients underwent a perineal MRI/TRUS-fusion prostate biopsy. Targeted biopsies as well as a systematic biopsy were performed. The presence of PCa in the probes was specified by the ISUP grading system. Results: In total, 258 lesions were biopsied. Of the PI-RADS 3 lesions, 24% were neoplastic. This was also true for 36.9% of the PI-RADS 4 lesions and for 59.5% of the PI-RADS 5 lesions. Correlation between ISUP grades and lesion volume was significant (p < 0.01). In the non-suspicious mpMRI areas carcinoma was revealed in 19.7% of the patients. Conclusions: The study shows that the PI-RADS v2 score and the lesion volume correlate with the presence and clinical significance of PCa. However, there are two major points to consider: First, there is a high number of false positive findings. Second, inconspicuous mpMRI areas revealed PCa.
Supplier evaluation and selection for sustainable supply chain management under uncertainty conditions

Abstract With the global increasing importance of sustainable development, sustainable supply chain has gained value among both researchers and industrialists in the last decade. Nowadays, industries are facing pressure from government legislation and the global competition in addition to the pressure from their clients to carry out environmentally – conscious actions. Thus, organisations are required to implement actions to enhance their level of both environmental and economic performances. Traditionally, organisations use criteria such as cost, quality and on-time delivery to evaluate their suppliers’ performance. Although there have been numerous studies on the common criteria for these assessments, very few studies have taken sustainable criteria into consideration. Thereupon, this study tries to put forward a complete model for selection and evaluation of the suppliers, considering three criteria for sustainability, thus using the fuzzy group graph theory and matrix approach. It is an innovative approach based on fuzzy logic and group decision-making, which aims to treat lack of certainty in selection and evaluation of suppliers. We will also discuss a case study in the industry to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Adsorption of chemical oxygen demand and ammoniacal nitrogen removal from leachate using seafood waste (green mussel shell) as low-cost adsorbent

The physical appearance of leachate when it emerges from a typical landfill site is a strongly odoured black, yellow or orange colored cloudy liquid which contains organic and inorganic pollutants which makes it unsatisfactory to be released in water bodies without any prior treat- ment. The goal of current study was to examine the effectiveness of waste green mussel shell (WGMS) for the removal of pollutants from stabilized leachate. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 3 –N) was investigated as the two major contaminants in leach- ate. In this study, adsorption method employed for the treatment of landfill leachate. Static batch experiment was carried out with 100 mL leachate sample with pH 7, contact time 120 min, dos- age 4.0 g with 200 rpm shaking speed. The best removal was achieved at 2.0 g with the removal percentage of COD and N–NH 3 were 58% and 48%, respectively. Langmuir isotherm adsorption model showed best fitted with coefficient of determination for COD with the value of R 2 = 0.9944 and NH 3 –N with the value of R 2 = 0.9918 respectively as compared to Freundlich model shows the value for COD with the value of R 2 = 0.9825 and NH 3 –N with the value of R 2 = 0.9508. Thus, it indicates adsorbent adsorption occurs monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surface. The WGMS provides a significantly lower cost medium for reduction of COD and NH 3 –N.
Distribution Service Restoration With Renewable Energy Sources: A Review

Distribution service restoration plays a vital role in mitigating the adverse impacts of power outages stemming from extreme weather conditions. With incentives toward reducing the carbon footprint of power generation on the environment and the reliance on fossil fuel resources, the future distribution networks are equipped with distributed renewable energy sources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art frameworks proposed for service restoration in the distribution networks with renewable generation technologies. First, the objectives of the distribution service restoration and the challenges to accomplishing this task are discussed. Later, the existing approaches to restoring the distribution networks and the control architectures are presented. The contribution of microgrid technology and the models used to incorporate renewable energy resources in distribution service restoration are discussed. In this context, the application of artificial intelligence to distribution service restoration is highlighted, and potential research opportunities in distribution service restoration are presented.
Customer churn analysis in banking sector: Evidence from explainable machine learning models

Although large companies try to gain new customers, they also want to retain their old customers. Therefore, customer churn analysis is important for identifying old customers without loss and developing new products and making new strategic decisions for retaining customers. This study focuses on the customer churn analysis, that is a significant topic in banks customer relationship management. Identifying customer churn in banks will helps the management to classification who are likely to churn early and target customers using promotions, as well as provide insight into which factors should be considered when retaining customers. Although different models are used for customer churn analysis in the literature, this study focuses on especially explainable Machine Learning models and uses SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to support the machine learning model evaluation and interpretability for customer churn analysis. The goal of the research is to estimate the explainable machine learning model using real data from banking and to evaluate many machine learning models using test data. According to the results, the XgBoost model outperformed other machine learning methods in classifying churn customers.
Nebulized vs. oral midazolam as a sedative premedication in pediatric anesthesia: A randomized controlled double-blinded study

ABSTRACT Objective This study was carried out to compare different routes of midazolam administration (nebulized vs. oral) to achieve a satisfactory level of sedation, RAMSAY Sedation Score (RSS) of 4, within 30 minutes of midazolam administration in pediatric operative patients. Methods After approval of the ethical committee in Kasr Al-ainy university hospital and obtaining written consent from parents/legal guardians; Seventy-two pediatric patients scheduled for general and urological surgical operations under general anesthesia were included in this randomized double-blinded study. Patients were randomly assigned into one of the two equal groups. Group N: 36 children received nebulized midazolam 0.2 mg/kg in 3 ml normal saline plus 5 ml clear juice 30 min before undergoing general anesthesia (GA). Group O: 36 children received oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg in 5 ml clear juice plus nebulizer of 3 ml normal saline 30 min before undergoing general anesthesia. Results We found no statistical difference between nebulized and oral midazolam regarding drug acceptance, peri-operative (sedation scores, hemodynamics, and side effects); P-value >0.05 for all values. Conclusion Nebulized midazolam is a good alternative to oral midazolam as a sedative premedication in pediatrics.
Variation of the Emission Efficiency and Wavelength from Fluorescent Zinc Salen Complexes upon Systematic Structural Modifications

Understanding the photophysical properties of metal salen complexes is not straightforward because the emission efficiency is altered irregularly upon structural modifications. The present study prepared zinc salen complexes with systematic structural variations to pinpoint critical factors to determine the emission efficiency. One of the important experimental observations is the regiochemistry of a phenolate substituent affecting emission efficiency from a salicylidene fluorophore, which is nicely assigned as arising from the photoexcited electronic structure of metal salen complexes. Another significant finding is the thermal fluctuation of a salen ligand arising from the mismatched ligand–metal interaction, which has a significant impact on fluorescence lifetime. The present study sheds light on hidden factors that alter photophysical properties of a metal salen complex, which provide valuable insights into designing new photoactive salen ligands.
Use of formwork systems in high-rise construction

Erection of high quality buildings and structures within a reasonable time frame is the crucial factor for the competitiveness of any construction organization. The main material used in high-rise construction is insitu reinforced concrete. The technology of its use is directly related to the use of formwork systems. Formwork systems and formwork technologies basically determine the speed of construction and labor intensity of concreting operations. Therefore, it is also possible to achieve the goal of reducing the construction time and labor intensity of works performed by improving the technology of formwork systems use. Currently there are unresolved issues in the area of implementation of monolithic technology projects, and problems related to the selection of a formwork technology, high labor intensity of works, poor quality of materials and structures, etc. are the main ones. The article presents organizational and technological measures, by means of which introduction it is possible to shorten the duration of construction. A comparison of operations performed during formwork installation according to the conventional technology and taking into account the implemented organizational and technological measures is presented. The results of a comparative analysis of economic efficiency assessments are also presented on the example of a specific construction project before and after the implementation of the above mentioned measures. The study showed that introduction of the proposed organizational and technological model taking into account optimization of reinforcing and concreting works significantly improves the efficiency of a high-rise construction project. And further improvement of technologies for the use of insitu reinforced concrete is a promising direction in the construction of high-rise buildings.
The Design Navigator

A building design system has no bridge the gap between the complexity of the design information, resulting from the artifact itself, the large amount of laws, regulations, and restrictions, and the specialized views of the various experts involved in the design process, and the designer's capability to grasp all aspects of it. Within the Design Navigator project we introduce an integration platform for the experts based on an object-oriented database. The OODBS will be enhanced by a constraint handling mechanism.