Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homotopy theory of moduli spaces

This thesis gathers three papers written by the author during PhD study at Lancaster University. In addition to these three papers, this thesis also contains two complementary sections. These two complementary sections are an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction discusses some recurring themes of the thesis and parts of the history leading to those results proven herein. The conclusion briefly comments on the outcomes of the research, its place in the current mathematical literature, and explores possibilities for further research. A common theme of this thesis is the study of Maurer-Cartan elements and their moduli spaces, that is their study up to homotopy or gauge equivalence. Within the three papers cited above (and thus within this thesis), three different applications of Maurer-Cartan elements are demonstrated. The first application constructs certain moduli spaces as models for unbased disconnected rational topological spaces. The second application constructs certain moduli spaces as those governing formal algebraic deformation problems over, not necessarily local, commutative differential graded algebras. The third application uses the presentation of L-infinity algebras as solutions to the Maurer-Cartan equation in certain commutative differential graded algebras to construct minimal models of quantum L-infinity algebras. These quantum homotopy algebras arise as the `higher genus' versions of classical (cyclic) homotopy algebras.
First Photometric Investigations of the Solar-type Binary FV CVn in Multiple Systems

FV CVn is a solar-type (G7) eclipsing binary whose analysis has so far been ignored. We observed it from 2014 January to 2018 May. The first photometric and orbital period investigation are presented here, combined with spectroscopic observations obtained by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). The current preliminary solutions show that FV CVn is a new W-subtype contact binary with a mass ratio of q = M2/M1 = 2.44(±0.20) and a temperature difference of △ T = T 2 − T 1 ≃ − 315 K. The orbital period investigation suggests that a cyclic variation of A = 0.0184(±0.0034) days and P3 = 17.65(±0.076) years exists in FV CVn. This cyclic variation is analyzed for the light-travel-time effect (LTTE) via the presence of a third body with a minimum mass of M3min = 0.73(±0.018) M⊙, and an orbital semimajor axis shorter than 5.27(±1.62) au. This is in agreement with the presence of a large quantity of a third light in the system. Photometric solutions suggest that the third body contributes about 26.4(±6.3)% in Rc, and 29.0(±5.9)% in Ic to the total light of the multiple system. The additional component may play an important role in the origin and evolution of central close binary. New radial velocities are needed in the future to check the accuracy of the absolute parameters.
Resilient adaptive optimal control of distributed multi‐agent systems using reinforcement learning

This study presents a unified resilient model-free reinforcement learning (RL) based distributed control protocol for leader-follower multi-agent systems. Although RL has been successfully used to learn optimal control protocols for multi-agent systems, the effects of adversarial inputs are ignored. It is shown in this study, however, that their adverse effects can propagate across the network and impact the learning outcome of other intact agents. To alleviate this problem, a unified RL-based distributed control frameworks is developed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-agent systems to prevent corrupted sensory data from propagating across the network. To this end, only the leader communicates its actual sensory information and other agents estimate the leader' state using a distributed observer and communicate this estimation to their neighbours to achieve consensus on the leader state. The observer cannot be physically affected by any adversarial input. To further improve resiliency, distributed H ∞ control protocols are designed to attenuate the effect of the adversarial inputs on the compromised agent itself. An off-policy RL algorithm is developed to learn the solutions of the game algebraic Riccati equations arising from solving the H ∞ control problem. No knowledge of the agent's dynamics is required and it is shown that the proposed RL-based H ∞ control protocol is resilient against adversarial inputs.
Symbolic Geometric Modelling of Tree‐Structure Robotic Mechanisms Using Lie Groups and Graph Theory

The present work describes a symbolic formulation based on Lie groups and graph theory to obtain the dynamic equations of tree‐structure robotic mechanisms (TRM)s. The resulting equation is the equivalent geometric form of the classical Newton‐Euler's equation of motion. Such formulation is valid for any TRM without closed kinematic chains and whose joints have one degree of freedom (revolute and/or prismatic). For instance, open chain manipulator, robotic hands or humanoids are included within TRM. The structure of the proposed formulation allows analytic differentiation, which is required for techniques such as optimal control or robust control. Moreover, the assembly parameters are explicitly held in matrices, so that they can be mathematically manipulated in order to be adapted for simulation, analysis or identification algorithms. Finally, the formulation is applied to a 7DOF manipulator and to a two arm torso of 16 degrees of freedom. The results are compared with the multi‐body simulation software package MSC/ADAMS© proving the correctness of the formulation.
Implementing Momentum: What Have We Learned?

An abundance of academic evidence and theory exists on the efficacy and intuition behind momentum investing, yet a limited number of studies discuss the feasibility of running momentum portfolios in practice. And no study to date has directly analyzed implementation costs for a live momentum portfolio. As a result, many are still quick to dismiss momentum as difficult or costly to implement because of its high turnover. In this paper, we use seven years of live data to evaluate the implementability of momentum investing. We show that live momentum portfolios are capable of capturing the momentum premium, even after accounting for expenses, estimated trading costs, taxes, and other frictions associated with real-life portfolios.
Scale Selection and Energy Spectra of Disturbances in Southern Hemisphere Flows

Abstract The growth and nonlinear interaction of initially small-amplitude disturbances, having a complete spectrum of zonal wavenurnbers, with zonally averaged flows characteristic of January and May SouthernHemisphere situations, are studied in a multilevel primitive equation spectral model-incorporating spherical geometry and viscous dissipation. For January, the fastest growing scale has zonal wavenumberm = 9, in close agreement with linear instability theory. However, the contribution from m = 7 subsequently exceeds that of rn = 9 and is largely responsible for the general agreement between model andobserved eddy streamfunctions and fluxes. Although the individual wavenumber contributions, eg,m = 9 and m = 7 undergo vacillation cycles similar to ones found earlier with single zonal wavenumberdisturbances growing on the same zonal flows, the total eddy kinetic energy after the initial growth periodis relatively constant. This appears to be due to the interference between the larger number of waves. Fo.
Dynamics of cD Clusters of Galaxies

We present the final results of a spectroscopic study of a sample of cD galaxy clusters. The goal of this program has been to study the dynamics of the clusters, with emphasis on determining the nature and frequency of cD galaxies with peculiar velocities. Redshifts measured with the MX Spectrometer have been combined with those obtained from the literature to obtain typically 50 - 150 observed velocities in each of 25 galaxy clusters containing a central cD galaxy. We present a dynamical analysis of the final 11 clusters to be observed in this sample. All 25 clusters are analyzed in a uniform manner to test for the presence of substructure, and to determine peculiar velocities and their statistical significance for the central cD galaxy. These peculiar velocities were used to determine whether or not the central cD galaxy is at rest in the cluster potential well. We find that 30 - 50% of the clusters in our sample possess significant subclustering (depending on the cluster radius used in the analysis), which is in agreement with other studies of non-cD clusters. Hence, the dynamical state of cD clusters is not different than other present-day clusters. After careful study, four of the clusters appear to have a cD galaxy with a significant peculiar velocity. Dressler-Shectman tests indicate that three of these four clusters have statistically significant substructure within 1.5/h(sub 75) Mpc of the cluster center. The dispersion 75 of the cD peculiar velocities is 164 +41/-34 km/s around the mean cluster velocity. This represents a significant detection of peculiar cD velocities, but at a level which is far below the mean velocity dispersion for this sample of clusters. The picture that emerges is one in which cD galaxies are nearly at rest with respect to the cluster potential well, but have small residual velocities due to subcluster mergers.
Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosed based on black pleural effusion

Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts are rare complications of pancreatitis associated with alcohol consumption. Here, we report a case of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. A 61‐year‐old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with epigastric pain and dyspnea. A chest radiograph revealed right‐sided massive pleural effusion. Thoracentesis retrieved black pleural fluid with remarkably high fluid amylase levels were. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) after drainage revealed encapsulated fluid. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed because abdominal CT and ultrasonography did not reveal any pancreatic problems. MRCP showed cystic masses and pancreatic tail cysts extending to the stomach and lower oesophagus. ERCP confirmed leakage of contrast medium from the pancreatic tail into the retroperitoneum. We diagnosed the patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst extending to the mediastinum. A mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with black pleural fluid with a high amylase level.
Evaluation of Structural Relationships in Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Models Under Longitudinal Approximate Invariance:A Bayesian Analysis

To infer longitudinal relationships among latent factors, traditional analyses assume that the measurement model is invariant across measurement occasions. Alternative to placing cross-occasion equality constraints on parameters, approximate measurement invariance (MI) can be analyzed by specifying informative priors on parameter differences between occasions. This study evaluated the estimation of structural coefficients in multiple-indicator autoregressive cross-lagged models under various conditions of approximate MI using Bayesian structural equation modeling. Design factors included factor structures, conditions of non-invariance, sizes of structural coefficients, and sample sizes. Models were analyzed using two sets of small-variance priors on select model parameters. Results showed that autoregressive coefficient estimates were more accurate for the mixed pattern than the decreasing pattern of non-invariance. When a model included cross-loadings, an interaction was found between the cross-lagged estimates and the non-invariance conditions. Implications of findings and future research directions are discussed.
Motion Control of a Nonholonomic Mobile Manipulator in Task Space

In this paper, the motion control of a mobile manipulator subjected to nonholonomic constraints is investigated. The control objective is to design a computed‐torque controller based on the coupled dynamics of the mobile manipulator. The proposed controller achieves the capability of simultaneous tracking of a reference velocity for the mobile base and a reference trajectory for the end‐effector. The aforementioned reference velocity and trajectory are defined in the task space, such task setting imitates the actual working conditions of a mobile manipulator and thus makes the control problem practical. To solve this tracking problem, a steering velocity is firstly designed based on the first‐order kinematic model of the nonholonomic mobile base via dynamic feedback linearization. The main merit of the proposed steering velocity design is that it directly utilizes the reference velocity set in the task space without requiring the knowledge of a reference orientation. A torque controller is subsequently developed based on a proposed Lyapunov function which explicitly considers the coupled dynamics of the mobile manipulator to ensure the mobile base and end‐effector track the reference velocity and trajectory respectively. This proposed computed‐torque controller is able to realize asymptotic stability of both the base velocity tracking error and the end‐effector motion tracking error. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Observations and light curve solutions of a selection of middle-contact W UMa binaries

Photometric observations in Sloan g′ and i′ bands of W UMa binaries NSVS 4340949, T-Dra0–00959, GSC 03950–00707, NSVS 4665041, NSVS 4803568, MM Peg, MM Com and NSVS 4751449 are presented. The light curve solutions revealed that the components of each target are of G and K spectral types. The binaries of the sample have middle-contact configurations whose fillout factors are within the range 0.2–0.4. The only exception is NSVS 4751449 which is in deeper contact (fillout factor of 0.55). It precisely obeys the relation between mass ratio and fillout factor for deep, low mass ratio overcontact binaries. One of the eclipses of almost all targets (except MM Peg) is an occultation and their photometric mass ratios and solutions could be accepted with confidence. We found that the target components have almost equal temperatures but differ considerably in size and mass. The components of the partially-eclipsed MM Peg have close parameters. Our solutions reveal that NSVS 4340949, T-Dra0–00959, NSVS 4803568 and MM Com are of W subtype while GSC 03950–00707, NSVS 4665041, MM Peg and NSVS 4751449 are of A subtype. This subclassification is well-determined for all totally-eclipsed binaries. The targets confirm the trends in which W-subtype systems have smaller periods and lower temperatures than A subtype binaries.
Referring Expression Generation in Situated Interaction (Objektreferenz in situierter Mensch-Maschine Interaktion)

If we want to enable artificial agents to successfully support humans in everyday life, natural and smooth communication is the key. In particular, communication about the spatial environment and the objects contained therein is crucial. However, when referring to objects in situated interaction, the difference in perspective and perceptual ability between humans and artificial agents leads to perceptual and conceptual mismatch which may hinder communication. While humans are capable of flexibly adapting conceptualisations in communication, thus bridging gaps between individual views of the world to reach a mutual understanding, most current frameworks for reference handling are based on binary truth-theoretic knowledge representation. These approaches rest on the assumption that it is possible to unambiguously determine a priori whether a certain property is true of a given object or not, thus forgoing the opportunity to use a more flexible approach which may aid adaptation and grounding in dialogue and enable more smooth and natural communication while avoiding misunderstandings. In this thesis, I argue for a perspective on reference which emphasises the collaborative nature of reference, and the goal-oriented, flexible nature of conceptualisation. Based on this foundation, I present the Probabilistic Reference And GRounding mechanism (PRAGR) which can help bridge the gap between human and artificial communicators in situated interaction. PRAGR goes beyond the classic, truth-theoretic knowledge representation typically used for Referring Expression Generation (REG) and instead uses flexible concept assignment based on vague property models and situational context in order to maximise the chance of communicative success. To this purpose, PRAGR uses the core concepts of acceptability, discriminatory power, and appropriateness which provide a means for evaluating referring expressions for the purpose of REG and reference resolution and encompass conceptual vagueness as an inherent characteristic. I demonstrate that PRAGR is capable of dealing with several property domains with different internal structures, covering the following domains: graded adjectives, colour, shape, projective terms, and pro-
An Extension Of Stein's Lemma For The Skew Normal Distribution By

Summary When two random variables have a bivariate normal distribution, Stein’s lemma, Stein(1973, 1981), provides, under certain regularity conditions, an expression for the covariance of the first variable with a function of the second. This result plays an important role in the modern theory of finance. When returns on financial assets have a multivariate normal distribution, Kallberg and Ziemba(1983) show that all well behaved utility functions lead to a point on Markowitz’ mean-variance efficient frontier, Markowitz(1952). The implication of this result is that, under normality, it is pointless to seek a better utility function. However, it is well known that returns on financial assets are not normally distributed. They exhibit both skewness and kurtosis. As well an appropriate model for the multivariate probability distribution of asset returns, the general issue of the choice of utility function is therefore open. This short paper describes an extension of Stein’s lemma for the multivariate skew normal distribution, which was introduced by Azzalini and Dalla Valle(1996). The extension of the lemma shows that, under this distribution, investors who are expected utility maximisers will be located on a single mean-variance-skewness efficient surface, regardless of their choice of utility function.
Pulmonary extra‐nodal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: A rare cause of persistent lung consolidation

Pulmonary extra‐nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma, also known as extra‐nodal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, is rare among all non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and generally among all pulmonary malignancies. We present a 46‐year‐old lady with persistent right lower lung consolidation despite earlier treatment efforts with intravenous antibiotics for community acquired pneumonia. Apart from initial presentation with a short 3‐day history of fever, cough and shortness of breath, she had remained largely asymptomatic throughout the follow‐up period. Flexible bronchoscopy done ruled out infectious aetiologies but transbronchial lung biopsies showed atypical lymphocytes. A computed tomography guided core biopsy of her right lung consolidation was subsequently performed, confirming a diagnosis of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. She was promptly referred to the haematology team for further management and commencement of chemotherapy. Pulmonary MALT lymphoma, albeit uncommon and often follows a relatively indolent cause, should be considered as a differential diagnosis among patients with persistent lung consolidation.
Bruxism in children: Etiological causes, correlation with intestinal parasitic infestations, diagnosis and treatment criteria

Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles, characterized by teeth clenching or gnashing and/or tapping and rocking. The etiology is multifactorial: mainly central (neuropathic disorder and anxiety) but also genetic and local (posture, mouth breathing). In children, bruxism is very frequent and is not always considered pathological. Several factors have been considered in the etiology of bruxism in children, among which infestations by intestinal parasites, suggested by some authors. It may be one of several symptoms of general pathology. Diagnosis is based mainly on the history and examination of tooth wear and its evolution over time (photos and dental casts). Severity criteria are based on the intensity (number of dental attrition facets) as well as on the context found in the child: anxiety, ventilation problems, and fragility of dental structures. Bruxism management is multidisciplinary and depends on the etiological diagnosis. The objective of this article is to highlight the correlation between bruxism and intestinal parasites and to identify the etiologies, the diagnostic criteria, and the therapeutic scheme of bruxism in children. Publications and research on this subject are few and not consensual. The therapeutic course of action is not clearly defined and the research concerning them remains experimental.
Sperm Selection Zona Pellucida Capacity of the Human

Previous hemizona assay (HZA) re-sults have illustrated a positive and significant correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in the semen and the number of spermatozoa tightly bound to the zona pellucida. The present study was designed to evaluate the morphologic features using strict criteria of spermatozoa tightly bound to the zona pellucida. Semen samples of 4 normozoospermic and 11 teratozo-ospermic men were used to compare the percentage of normal spermatozoa in the semen with that found 1) after swim-up separation and 2) bound to the zona under HZA conditions. The mean (k SEM) % normal forms for normozoospermic men in semen, after swim-up and zona-bound spermatozoa were 21.5 k 1.6, 27.5 5 2.9, and 44.8 k 3.4, respectively. A significantly higher % of normal forms were found among zona-bound sperm compared to swim-up forms (p = 0.02) and seminal sperm (p = 0.02). The mean % of normal sperm forms present in semen, after swim-up and zona pellucida-binding for teratozoospermic men, were 3.7 f 0.9, 5.8 k 1.6 and 15.6 k 3.1, respectively. Significant differences existed between the % of normal sperm forms found in the swim-up and zona-bound spermatozoa (P = <O.Ol and P = <0.0003, respectively) compared to the original ejaculates. Results indicate that a selective process against abnormal spermatozoa occurs at the site of the zona pellucida. Spermatozoa classified as normal or slightly abnormal are selectively bound to the zona in favor of abnormal (bizarre) spermatozoa; particularly those sperm cells with acrosomal abnormalities are either actively excluded or simply cannot bind to the zona or do it with a low efficiency due to inherent defects. This newly identified human zona property of sperm selectivity points out another potential use of the HZA, i.e., selection of sperm to be used in assisted fertilization.
Project Science with the Caboclas Kirimbaua Auaeté: undertaken actions in the context of Higher in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

The project Caboclas Kirimbaua Auaeté is the result of the initiative of seven research professors from the Department of Mathematics of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). Its main focus is to stimulate women of different ities for the exact scientific area and technology. The project has been carried out with the support of Brazilian agencies for the promotion of scientific research and dissemination, using both the structure of UFAM and the public schools involved. At the higher education level, the activities are aimed at enriching mathematical skills and disseminating scientific knowledge by non-academic women.