Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERATIONS UNDERLYING THE USE OF ULTRASOUND TO DETECT GALLSTONES AND FOREIGN BODIES IN TISSUE

Abstract : The densities of a number of gallstones have been determined and found to vary between 0.82 and 1.10 gm/cc. The velocity of ultrasound through gallstone slabs, beef tissue, and living human muscles has been measured. The velocity through the gallstones varied between 1400 and 2200 m/sec. The velocity through the calf, thigh, and arm muscles of five subjects was found to vary between 1490 and 1610 m/sec with a mean value of 1540 m/sec. The mean velocity through beef tissue at 20-21C was 1540 m/sec. From these data the characteristic acoustic impedance of gallstones and of tissue was determined. Values between 130,000 and 230,000 gm/sq cm/sec were found for the gallstones measured. The acoustic impedance of tissue consisting mostly of muscle is 160,000 to 170,000 gm/sq cm/sec. The energy reflection coefficient for a gallstone in tissue was calculated, and the theoretical feasibility of detecting gallstones by the use of ultrasonic echo-ranging was established. Large signals were obtained from gallstones implanted in the back muscles and in the gallbladders of dogs. A frequency range of 1.0 and 2.5 megacycles has been found to be optimum for an ultrasonic instrument for diagnostic purposes. Penetration of soft tissues for 15 cm or more is afforded, without reaching damaging intensity levels. The wave length in tissue 0.6 to 1.5 mm. provides adequate resolution for the detection of gallstones and most foreign bodies. The possibility of detecting foreign bodies and tumors by use of the echo-ranging principle is discussed. (Author)
A psychophysiological investigation of system efficiency in public telephone switchrooms

Subjective mood and performance efficiency among operators of public telephone switchboards were studied as a function of interface design and operating procedures. A within-subjects field study was carried out to compare system efficiency within two different types of switchroom; one employing earlier-designed ‘cord’ switchboards, the other employing ‘cordless’ technology in a more ergonomically-designed switchroom. Fifteen subjects were studied, using a minimal intervention technique as they performed their normal operating task, to provide data throughout one working day in either system. EEG and ECG measures were obtained continuously in addition to a variety of sampled performance data and mood ratings. On the cord design of switchboard, operators were found: (i) to carry a consistently heavier workload of concurrent calls; (ii) to be dramatically more responsive to diurnal fluctuations in call-traffic level, while maintaining more stable ‘caller waiting times’ and ‘effective call connections’; (iii).
3-D Facial Expression Recognition via Attention-Based Multichannel Data Fusion Network

Facial expression has long been recognized as containing meaningful nonverbal affective cues for decoding human emotions. Recently, multimodal 2-D + 3-D fusion method has shown significant potential in facial expression recognition (FER) due to its fine-grained face descriptions in various spatial channels. However, current work mainly relies on feature- or even score-level fusion to find emotion cues spread in different channels and may miss key information due to lack of focus. To this end, we propose an attention-based multichannel data fusion network (AMDFN) to better preserve and find such key facial cues. More specifically, we first map a 3-D face scan into multichannel images and then fuse them in a ResNet18 backbone to get layered emotion features. Second, we leverage a layer attention model to explore the dependencies between features of different layers to learn discriminative affective cues for effective emotion recognition. Our comprehensive experiments on two widely used datasets (i.e., Facescape and Bosphorus) have verified the performance of our approach compared to several state-of-the-art rivals.
Research on Urban Rail Transit Testing Simulation Platform Based on Minimum System

Urban rail transit is technology-intensive, comprehensive and complex system engineering. With the acceleration of the process of localization, the method which is now widely taken accredited identification and unit equipment, laboratory tests after the direct on-line applications has been gradually can not meet the overall requirements of reliability assurance. In this paper, we propose urban rail transit testing simulation platform based on the minimum system. It provides reliable technical support for urban rail transit system design and development, inspection and testing, operational analysis.
Metode Ekstraksi Karakteristik Optis dari Solid Tissue Phantom Menggunakan Data Pengukuran Diffuse optical spectroscopy

Diffuse optical spectroscopy merupakan teknik spektroskopi yang digunakan dalam karakterisasi media melalui pengukuran spectral diffuse reflectance pada rentang pita panjang gelombang yang dikenal dengan sebutan optical windows , yaitu 600 hingga 1000 nm. Salah satu metode ekstraksi karakteristik tissue dari pengukuran DOS adalah dengan menggunakan backward approach dimana data percobaan akan di fitting dengan pendekatan diffuse dari persamaan radiativ transfer (RTE) untuk mendapatkan optical properties dari media. Pada penelitian ini, dikembangkan metoda ekstraksi ( backward approach ) untuk mendapatkan karakteristik tissue berdasarkan pengukuran multi - distance DOS. Metoda ekstraksi ini dikembangkan berbasis algoritma fitting nonlinear Lavenberg-Marquadt. Data pengukuran DOS yang digunakan merupakan pengukuran refelektansi difus atas tiga jenis solid phantom tissue dari ISS®, dengan karakteristik optis yang berbeda.
Current Analytical Strategies in Studying Chromatin-Associated-Proteome (Chromatome)

Chromatin is a dynamic structure comprising of DNA and proteins. Its unique nature not only help to pack the DNA tightly within the cell but also is pivotal in regulating gene expression DNA replication. Furthermore it also protects the DNA from being damaged. Various proteins are involved in making a specific complex within a chromatin and the knowledge about these interacting partners is helpful to enhance our understanding about the pathophysiology of various chromatin associated diseases. Moreover, it could also help us to identify new drug targets and design more effective remedies. Due to the existence of chromatin in different forms under various physiological conditions it is hard to develop a single strategy to study chromatin associated proteins under all conditions. In our current review, we tried to provide an overview and comparative analysis of the strategies currently adopted to capture the DNA bounded protein complexes and their mass spectrometric identification and quantification. Precise information about the protein partners and their function in the DNA-protein complexes is crucial to design new and more effective therapeutic molecules against chromatin associated diseases.
Inductance Investigation of Screen-Printed Radio Frequency Identification Antennas

Printed antennas fabricated using conductive ink printed on flexible substrate is low-cost and environmental friendly. The inductance and the quality factor are two important parameters for designing RFID antenna and were studied for the printed RFID antennas. The results show that the inductance is not only determined by the size of the designed RFID antenna but also related to the resistance of the printed antenna coils. The inductance increases with the increasing testing frequency, while the Q value decreases with the increasing testing frequency. The soft magnetic ink prepared with γ-Fe2O3 was used to enhance the inductance of the printed antennas with printing technology. The inductance of the printed antenna with the magnetic core layer is increased by 5.7% at 13.56 MHz.
On the Effect of Intralocus Recombination on Triplet-Based Species Tree Estimation

We consider species tree estimation from multiple loci subject to intralocus recombination. We focus on R*, a summary coalescent-based methods using rooted triplets. We demonstrate analytically that intralocus recombination gives rise to an inconsistency zone, in which correct inference is not assured even in the limit of infinite amount of data. In addition, we validate and characterize this inconsistency zone through a simulation study that suggests that differential rates of recombination between closely related taxa can amplify the effect of incomplete lineage sorting and contribute to inconsistency.
Direct Current Electrical Fields Improve Experimental Wound Healing by Activation of Cytokine Secretion and Erk1/2 Pathway Stimulation

There is growing evidence that cell behaviors can be influenced by the direct current electric fields (EFs). Some behaviors may influence wound healing directly. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EF (200 mV/mm) on immortalized nontumorigenic human epidermal (HaCaT) cells. We established a setup that can transmit an EF and maintain a stable cell culture environment. An EF was applied to HaCaT cells, and scratch-assays were performed as a model of wound healing to observe cell migration. Proliferation was evaluated by mitochondrial activity, total protein, and DNA content. Secretion of healing-associated cytokines was evaluated via cytokine arrays, and Western blot was applied to investigate signaling pathway alterations. Compared with the control group, the migration of cells exposed to EFs significantly increased (p < 0.01). After 7 days, the changes in proliferation also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The cytokine arrays revealed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was the most abundant factor secreted by HaCaT following EF exposure. The signals for phospho-Erk1/2 showed a significant (p < 0.0001) increase following EF exposure. The results demonstrate that exposure of HaCaT cells to EFs has positive effects on migration, proliferation, and cytokine secretion—three important steps in wound healing—and these effects may be partially mediated by activation of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway.
Protocol for a Scoping Review of Research Practices in the Investigation of Bilingual Effects on Inhibition and Attentional Function in Young People

Background: While there is evidence in support of a bilingual advantage in executive function in children and adults, little work supports these effects in young people. This lack of support may result as consequence of a developmental ceiling effect on task performance in this age group. An alternative explanation can be found in the treatment of bilingualism as a categorical variable, and the use of exclusively fixed-effects methods of analysis. These methods treat bilinguals as a homogenous group, ignoring nontrivial differences between participants, and may contribute to this lack of evidence. This scoping review aims is to identify and summarize research practices in the investigation of bilingual effects in inhibition and attentional function in young people. Methods: The proposed scoping review will follow the five-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Searches will be conducted across five databases using inclusive search strings. Study selection will follow the guidance of the PRISMA-ScR checklist. This review will include both published and unpublished work. A standardized data extraction spreadsheet will be used and data will be presented in tabular and graphic format in alignment with the objectives of the review. Discussion: This review aims to provide a current understanding of research practices in the investigation of bilingual effects in young people as well as identify gaps in the literature. This review may also draw attention to methodological trends in the current literature that limit the conclusions researchers can draw.
Resilience Engineering in Practice: A Guidebook

Resilience engineering has since 2004 attracted widespread interest from industry as well as academia. Practitioners from various fields, such as aviation and air traffic management, patient safety, off-shore exploration and production, have quickly realised the potential of resilience engineering and have became early adopters. The continued development of resilience engineering has focused on four abilities that are essential for resilience. These are the ability a) to respond to what happens, b) to monitor critical developments, c) to anticipate future threats and opportunities, and d) to learn from past experience - successes as well as failures. Working with the four abilities provides a structured way of analysing problems and issues, as well as of proposing practical solutions (concepts, tools, and methods). This book is divided into four main sections which describe issues relating to each of the four abilities. The chapters in each section emphasise practical ways of engineering resilience and feature case studies and real applications. The text is written to be easily accessible for readers who are more interested in solutions than in research, but will also be of interest to the latter group.
Futuring sustainable Australian teacher education through recent doctoral dissertations: a thematic analysis of alternative scenarios

Envisioning and enacting teacher education for sustainable futures require simultaneous attention to multiple influences and imperatives. One among several possible approaches to this task is to draw on alternative scenarios as recommended by futures researchers, thereby suggesting several different possible visions of teacher education and considering their likely impact on current policy-making and practice. This paper deploys scenarios of potential higher education futures in the United Kingdom (Blass, Jasman, & Shelley, 2010, in press) as a framework for addressing this research question: Which challenges and opportunities might shape the sustainability of Australian teacher education? In particular, the framework is employed to examine six recent doctoral dissertations supervised by the authors and dealing explicitly or implicitly with teacher education research issues, ranging from visual literacy and visual signifiers to students with learning difficulties and teaching for social justice. A thematic analysis elicits several opportunities and challenges attending the sustainability options for Australian teacher education generated by Blass et al.’s (2010, in press) scenarios. The paper presents the thematic analysis findings by clustering the opportunities and challenges around three key elements of contemporary theorising of sustainability: contexts, connections and capabilities (Holland, 2008; Lanzi, 2007). These elements are posited as robust conceptual resources for highlighting and interrogating sustainability options across multiple domains of educational experience and activity. They are also proposed as vital ingredients in the ongoing re-evaluation of Australian teacher education designed to ensure its sustainable futures and to maximise its effectiveness and relevance.
Economics of the gum arabic value chain in Senegal

A Gum arabic has an important international market due to its use in various industries. Senegal is a small producing country whose exports are low probably due to problems of developing internal markets resulting from the lack of price incentives. The study’s main aim is to link the market side to the collection side in order to investigate factors influencing the performance of the supply chain of gum arabic. The study is conducted in the Sylvopastoral zone and Eastern Region of Senegal where Acacia senegal trees are found and gum arabic is commercially exploited. The main findings of the study are that, productivity-enhancing methods have to be adopted; market incentives are fundamental for the continuation of collection; traders in the gum markets are not necessarily exploitative; quality as required by the user may not be directly linked to the visible quality attributes in the field; and that the transition from communal organisation of collection to efficient private collection systems depends mainly on the assessment of economic benefits and costs. However, the importance attached to environmental and social considerations has to be recognised especially in the drylands where gum arabic is collected.
Leakage current mechanism in sub-micron polysilicon thin-film transistors

We have studied leakage current in sub-micron p-channel polysilicon thin-film-transistor. Our study revealed that thermionic emission is the dominant mechanism at low drain bias (-0.1 V) while thermionic field emission dominate at moderately high drain bias. At high drain bias (>-5.0 V), tunneling was observed to be the dominant leakage mechanism.
The Reactivity of Polyethylene Microplastics in Water under Low Oxygen Conditions Using Radiation Chemistry

Polyethylene (PE) is an intensely utilized polymer, which has consequently led to it becoming a common environmental contaminant. PE and other plastic waste are known to be highly persistent in surface waters; however, chemical and physical changes do take place over time, dependent mostly on highly variable natural conditions, such as oxygen (O2) availability. Gamma radiation was used to generate reactive oxygen species, namely hydroxyl radicals, in initially aerated aqueous solutions to simulate the natural weathering of microplastics in waters where there are fluctuations and often depletions in dissolved O2. The headspace of the irradiated PE-containing solutions was probed for the formation of degradation products using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers in combination with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The major species detected were n-dodecane, with trace levels of tridecane, 2-dodecanone, and hexadecane, which were believed to be predominately adsorbed in the PE microplastics in excess of their aqueous solubility limits. Surface characterization by Raman spectroscopy and light and dark field microscopy indicated no change in the chemical composition of the irradiated PE microplastics under low O2 to anaerobic conditions. However, morphological changes were observed, indicating radical combination reactions.
An Improvement of Yield Production Rate for Crops by Predicting Disease Rate Using Intelligent Decision Systems

Agriculture is the country's mainstay. Plant diseases reduce production and thus product prices. Clearly, prices of edible and non-edible goods rose dramatically after the outbreak. We can save plants and correct pricing inconsistencies using automated disease detection. Using light detection and range (LIDAR) to identify plant diseases lets farmers handle dense volumes with minimal human intervention. To address the limitations of passive systems like climate, light variations, viewing angle, and canopy architecture, LIDAR sensors are used. The DSRC was used to receive an alert signal from the cloud server and convey it to farmers in real-time via cluster heads. For each concept, we evaluate its strengths and weaknesses, as well as the potential for future research. This research work aims to improve the way deep neural networks identify plant diseases. Google Net, Inceptionv3, Res Net 50, and Improved Vgg19 are evaluated before Biased CNN. Finally, our proposed Biased CNN (B-CNN) methodology boosted farmers' production by 93% per area.
Green Management in High-Tech Industry: A Case Study of Samsung

The study adopts the model of sustainable development: three overlapping spheres (environment, society and economy) to examine green management in high-tech industry and through the case study of Samsung. Samsung Electronics adopted guidelines for protecting the environment and preserving human life on earth. The organization launched Green Management, which embodies 5 concepts: greening of Management, greening of Product, greening of Processes, greening of Workplace, and greening of Communities. The division has implemented the greening of management, products, procedures, workplaces, and local communities, by practicing focused green management. As declared in the ESH Policy, the Samsung Semiconductor Division considers environment, safety, and health as the key factors of its corporate management. To clean up and protect the environment and preserve life on earth, Samsung Electronics conducts extensive activities that integrate the concepts of environment, safety, health, and disaster prevention as the key factors of green management.
Operational Analysis of an Intelligent Traffic Management System on the Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University

An intelligent traffic management system (ITMS) was established on Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University to control traffic flow. This paper aims to investigate the traffic flow and assess the ITMS system using the queueing approach. As the results show, the probability distribution of car residence time obeys gamma distribution. More than 4/5 of the cars are free to get into the campus, which proves the non-profit property of the toll gate. The probability distribution of arrival time and service time fits the negative exponential distribution and normal distribution, respectively. Then, the M/G/K model based on queueing theory was applied to investigate traffic capacity. The queueing length and waiting time in 2-lane and 3-lane conditions were calculated and service level was judged as C-level. The results can provide useful information for easing traffic congestion on the campus.
Sensitivity enhancement in micro-electromechanical systems for sensor applications

Micro-mechanical sensors are typically fabricated both in large numbers and economically using the photolithographic processes that were originally developed in the integrated circuit industry. The magnitude of a change in resonant frequency of a micro-me chanical structure can be used to quantify a change in mass of such a device. Hence, when packaged with integrated measurement, actuation and control electronics, it is possible to deliver a low-cost and small system in a package using fabrication techniq ues that are both mature and widely available. A micro-mechanical resonator has been designed for this project and samples of the prototype resonator were used to investigate various methods for detecting a change in resonant frequency using discrete elec tronic components. The system that has been designed can eventually be integrated with a small micro-mechanical structure to create a mass sensor. Resonators have been fabricated at QinetiQ as part of the Europractice Foundry Access Program and characteri sation of typical devices is described in this thesis. A popular method for controlling the behaviour of resonant micro-mechanical sensors is a force feedback technique designed to increase the effective quality factor of the resonant system. In this thesis, an increase in the effective quality factor of the prototype system has been demonstrated. When the resonator operates in air at atmospheric pressure, an improvement in the effective quality factor of two orders of magnitude was achievable. This meant that it was possible to assess the potential benefits offered by the force feedback technique by testing the various detection schemes that have been implemented at the natural quality factor and also at a high effective quality factor. A prototype control system has been built using simple digital electroni cs, a key component of which is a direct digital frequency synthesis chip used to provide a stable and accurate driving frequency. Methods for determining a change in the resonant frequency of a micro-mechanical resonator using this control system have be en investigated. A method has been developed for determining the magnitude of a shift in resonance when the frequency of the excitation force is fixed. This thesis contains a description of the technique and also results demonstrating the corresponding de tection capability of the prototype sensor.