Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermography techniques for integrated circuits and semiconductor devices

Purpose – The goal of this review paper is to provide information on several commonly used thermography techniques in semiconductor and micro‐device industry and research today.Design/methodology/approach – The temperature imaging or mapping techniques include thin coating methods such as liquid crystal thermography and fluorescence microthermography, contact mechanical methods such as scanning thermal microscopy, and optical techniques such as infrared microscopy and thermoreflectance. Their principles, characteristics and applications are discussed.Findings – Thermal issues play an important part in optimizing the performance and reliability of high‐frequency and high‐packing density electronic circuits. To improve the performance and reliability of microelectronic devices and also to validate thermal models, accurate knowledge of local temperatures and thermal properties is required.Originality/value – The paper provides readers, especially technical engineers in industry, a general knowledge of severa.
HSGPS Reliability Enhancements Using a Twin-Antenna System

High sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) receiver technology enables GPS signals to be acquired in harsh signal environments such as urban canyons and indoors where previously impossible. However, the measurements are biased and noisy due to multipath and noise associated with the low-power signals. The occurrence of simultaneous blunders might cause traditional RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) schemes, relying on the assumption of only one erroneous satellite signal, to fail. In addition, the poor geometry due to blocked satellites under the harsh signal environments may fail to provide the redundancy required for RAIM. This paper presents the result of an investigation based on the use of a twin-antenna system for improving HSGPS performance in terms of accuracy and reliability. The key idea is to use two identical antennas with known inter-antenna distance and exploit signal spatial diversity. Although the system requires the use of an extra antenna, it provides more redundancy and potentially a better chance of detecting and isolating reflected measurements because these are highly localized. An epoch-by-epoch least-squares estimation algorithm is used in order to conduct a better sensitivity analysis. The known inter-antenna distance serves as a constraint in the least-squares estimation process. It is also used as a final solution check for integrity monitoring. In addition, a user-level integrity monitoring overview and analysis for the twin-antenna system are provided and a FDE (Fault Detection and Exclusion) scheme suitable to some extent for multiple blunder detection is presented. The proposed system is tested and assessed using high-sensitivity GPS data collected in a relatively harsh indoor environment.
Mespilus germanica (MG) and Tribulus terrestris (TT) Used as Biosorbents for Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Adsorption Kinetics and Mechanisms

Today, most countries around the globe are facing water resources restrictions, and it is predicted freshwater resources will be more valuable than oil wells in the next century. In the present study, the ability of lead removal using both powders of Mespilus germanica (MG) and Tribulus terrestris (TT) seeds and optimization of the adsorption process have been investigated. Four main parameters were selected for experimental design, namely, pH, time of contact, the ratio of adsorbent to solution volume, and initial concentration of lead in solution, and the optimization of effective parameters on lead adsorption was performed based on central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). According to the statistical results, the proposed model for MG and TT is confirmed with 0.95 and 0.96 correlation coefficient and 0.92 and 0.94 adjusted correlation coefficient, respectively. The results of parameter optimization also showed that both adsorbents have the acceptable ability to adsorb lead from aqueous solutions. Under the optimum conditions with the initial lead concentration of 10 mg/l, MG powder had better performance in lead adsorption of 96.04%, and TT powder also had an acceptive performance of 93.20%. Moreover, the MG and TT adsorbents have the most accordance with the Freundlich and D-R isotherms, respectively.
Study on Fluctuation Reason of DC-Side Voltage of Active Power Filter and Stability Control

Aiming at the influence of the dc-side voltage fluctuation on the active power filter (APF) performance, the cause of dc-side voltage fluctuation is elaborated on the basis of instantaneous power theory, and the control principle of the dc-side voltage on the instantaneous energy balance is analyzed. Then, the PI control method of dc-side voltage is put forward to simulate in MATLAB/Simulink. Two methods which are with and without PI control of dc-side voltage are compared. The simulation results show that this control method make the APF have a good com-pensation effect.
Extremely low-loss SAW filter and its application to antenna duplexer for the 1.9 GHz PCS full-band

An antenna duplexer for the 1.9 GHz PCS-band handsets is realized by developing extremely low-loss and ultra-steep cut-off SAW filters. In this paper, design techniques to achieve the characteristics that satisfy all severe specifications required for the PCS-band duplexer is presented. Developed SAW duplexers have the insertion loss of -2.0 dB and -3.2 dB in the Tx and Rx band, respectively. Also, the attenuation levels are -53 dB and -45 dB. The device size is as small as 5/spl times/5/spl times/1.5 mm/sup 3/. These performances are sufficient for the PCS duplexer to be practical.
Genetic Algorithms for Optimal Urban Transit Network Design

This article attempts to highlight the effectiveness of genetic algorithm (GA)–based procedures in solving the urban transit network design problem (UTNDP). The article analyzes why traditional methods have problems in solving the UTNDP. The article also suggests procedures to alleviate these problems using GA–based optimization technique. The thrust of the article is three–fold: (1) to show the effectiveness of GAs in solving the UTNDP, (2) to identify features of the UTNDP that make it a difficult problem for traditional techniques, and (3) to suggest directions, through the presentation of GA–based methodologies for the UTNDP, for the development of GA–based procedures for solving other optimization problems having features similar to the UTNDP.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (SEM) REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF KERALA AS AN I T INDUSTRIAL HUB

Information Technology [I T] industry is one of the largest industry of the world. Due to its ability to generate wealth, power, knowledge and social welfare many countries around the world are looking for ways to promote the development of this industry. IT industry is presumed to have immense potential to change the economic landscape of Kerala. This article analyzes the fitness of Kerala as an IT industrial hub. For this purpose the article analyzes three factors viz. [i] the quality and supply of manpower in the Kerala [ii] the availability of infrastructure facilities and [iii] effectiveness of the various promotional efforts taken by the State though the different agencies functioning for the development of the industry. A Structural Equation Model [SEM] is constructed to indicate the extent of contribution of these factors for the development of the industry, interconnection and interdependence between the factors and their influence on the suitability of the state as IT industrial hub.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF UNREINFORCED BRICK MASONRY WALLS IN FLEXURE

This paper presents the results of static and dynamic tests on unreinforced brick masonry wall panels subject to out-of-plane loading. Fourteen wall panels were tested. The test program included static, free-vibration, and dynamic tests using harmonic support, impulse support, and earthquake support motion. The experimental results indicate that displacement, rather than inertia force amplitude, determines whether an unreinforced masonry wall will collapse during inertial (seismic) loading. An empirical force–displacement relationship is proposed that can be used for a substitute structure in a displacement-based method of analysis.
Channel modelling and smart antenna performance analysis for UMTS

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Modulation effect and inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of rotationally symmetric ballistic targets with precession

The modulation effect of rotationally symmetric ballistic targets (BTs) with precession is concerned. To further approach the actual case, the modulation in amplitude and Doppler is considered in the radar backscattering and revealed by short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The results indicate that the micro-Doppler (m-D) effect induced by periodical precession is not represented as a sinusoidal modulation on the edge of BTs as usual, and the amplitude modulation may lead to discontinuity of time-frequency curve. The phenomenon in STFT is confirmed by both simulated and real data from a BT model with precession measured in the microwave anechoic chamber. Based upon the measured data, inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging results have been obtained by smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville time-frequency distribution.
Psychological distress and problem list among patients with advanced cancer: A comparative study of Indonesia and Taiwan

Background We assumed that patients in a country with lower economic development will have more psychological distress and problems than an economically stronger country. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine whether advanced cancer patients in Indonesia have more psychological distress and experience more problems contributing to distress than a similar group of patients in Taiwan. We also examined the determinants of psychological distress. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis comparing the data from 286 Indonesian and 70 Taiwanese participants, focusing on distress score and the Problem List (PL) of the Distress Thermometer. Descriptive analysis, Chi-Square test, independent t-test, One-way Anova and multiple linear regression with enter method were applied to analyse the data. Results Overall, more Indonesian respondents experienced distress and had more problems across all PL domains than Taiwanese participants. Being an early adult, having problems with childcare, housing and transportation were associated with higher distress while a higher depression score and having stage 4 cancer demonstrated lower distress among Indonesians. For Taiwanese respondents, appearance, bathing/dressing and pain determined psychological distress. Conclusions Differences in the healthcare system, economic level, culture, gender and age influenced the problems experienced by patients. Finding from our comparative study provide important insight into understanding distress and PL among ACPs in economically advanced countries compared with economically weak countries. Future collaboration to deliver interventions considering cultural and healthcare system differences between two countries should be developed
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes iNOS/NO and Influences Inflammation in the Development of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Doxorubicin (Dox) is known to cause heart failure in some cancer patients. Despite extensive studies over the past half century, the subcellular basis of Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) is still elusive. Earlier, we suggested that Dox causes a delayed activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) which may promote mitochondrial Bax activity leading to cardiomyocyte death. As a follow up, using NO donor, S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP), and/or NOS inhibitor, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), we now show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress promotes inflammation through iNOS/NO-induced TLR2 activation. In vivo Dox treatment increased mitochondrial iNOS to promote ER stress as there was an increase in Bip (Grp78) response, proapoptotic CHOP (DDIT3) and ER-mediated Caspase 12 activation. Increased iNOS activity is associated with an increase in TLR2 and TNF-α receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2). These two together with NF-κB p105/50 expression and a synergistic support through ER stress, promote inflammatory response in the myocardium leading to cell death and ultimately fostering DIC conditions. In the presence of NOS inhibitor, such detrimental effects of Dox were inhibited, suggesting iNOS/NO as key mediators of Dox-induced inflammatory as well as apoptotic responses.
The Impact of Social Media on the Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia

Introduction Social media platforms are used by many people to seek and share health-related information that may influence their decision-making about COVID-19 vaccination. Purpose The objective of this study is to understand the influence of social media on the attitudes and willingness of the general public of the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional self-administrated online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia Aseer region, where 613 persons willingly took part in the survey in April and May 2021. Residents of Aseer in Saudi Arabia, who are over the age of 18 (eligible for COVID-19 vaccination) and willing to participate in the survey, were included in the study. Results Overall, 74.6% agreed that the COVID-19 vaccine was misrepresented via social media. However, 37% of those respondents strongly agreed that social media had increased their willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, employees reported (21.8%) or strongly agreed (28%) that the quantity and quality of information on social media has a detrimental impact on their psychological well-being. Additionally, participants also agreed (21.8%) or strongly agreed (28%) that social media had a negative effect on their psychological condition. Conclusion The study provides that there was a high degree of awareness indicated among Aseer population regarding misleading information about COVID-19 vaccination via social media. Thus, social media that can share up-to-date scientific information about vaccination must be utilized optimally by the government to assist people in making decisions about accepting vaccinations.
Inverter Gain Compensation for Open Loop and Current Regulated Pwm Controllers

Pulse with modulated (PWM) inverters are examined in the pulse dropping region. Experimental results from commercially available ac drives show an inability to adequately compensate for low line conditions. The paper examines the adverse effects of bus disturbances on current regulated ac inverters. The paper shows that the problems are the result of the reduction in the gain of the PWM inverter. A compensated modulation technique is developed and is applied to the voltage and current regulated PWM inverters. Experimental results confirm the improved performance of the compensation technique.
Metaphors’ effect on off-line cognition: A preliminary study based on a reaction time task

The modality of apprehension and processing of metaphorical expressions in comparison with non-metaphorical ones has hitherto captivated numerous researchers in manifold fields of study, such as linguistics, psychology, and cognitive sciences. More specially, metaphors used in a one-sentence paragraph have been the subjects of many studies. However, cognitive functions of structural metaphors haven’t been entirely noteworthy in contrast with non-metaphorical expressions employed in textual context. In this study, the interrelationship between memory and conceptual metaphor in significant cognitive processes has been examined in a textual context. In this respect, the hypothesis, that conceptual metaphor as a value can assist with the recognition and recollection process and incorporate the quintessence of our cerebrations, has been put to test. To evaluate this assumption, the reaction time task is used. Each testable case has been subjected to analysis within two analogous contexts, in a metaphorical and non-metaphorical manner. Afterwards, terms were displayed, and the subjects needed to determine as swiftly as possible whether these vocabularies were exemplified or not. The results indicated that the terms pertaining to the schema and other terms included in metaphorical context would be processed faster than the one with non-metaphorical context. With regard to the obtained data, it seems that the conceptual metaphor generates semantic networks in the mind which will be more accessible to memory upon information retrieval.
Variaciones de tendencia, ciclos y volatilidad del precio de la madera en pie de eucalipto y pino en Entre Ríos para el período 2001-2020

Argentina cuenta con 1.3 millones de hectáreas de bosque implantadas, siendo lasprovincias de Misiones, Corrientes y Entre Ríos las de mayor superficie, en total el 78,2%de la superficie nacional. A partir de datos relevados por el INTA EEAConcordia, el objetivo es analizar el comportamiento estacional de precios de monte enpie de eucalipto y pino con corteza en el período 2001-2020. La serie de precios forestalpara monte en pie de eucalipto y pino en pesos históricos fue calculada en dólares deacuerdo al tipo de cambio de ese día y luego se ajustó por el Índice de Precios alConsumidor -Estados Unidos, obteniéndose así una serie nominal y otra real. Al realizar elanálisis de tendencia que muestra la serie de largo plazo, se observa un movimientocreciente con pendiente 0,081 en eucalipto y 0,029 en pino, que se mantiene en toda laserie. El período estudiado se compone de 5 ciclos con una duración entre 3 y 5 años. Losciclos no poseen periodicidades iguales. El componente estacional muestra lasfluctuaciones de un precio forestal dentro de un año calendario. Finalizando, elcomponente estacionalidad, formado por variaciones sin patrón regular o identificable. Latendencia no muestra un patrón regular de comportamiento, ya que los precios suben, semantienen o bajan imprevistamente.
Resolver signal requirements for high accuracy resolver-to-digital conversion

An analysis of the effects of the most common nonideal resolver signal characteristics on the position accuracy achievable using a tracking R/D (resolver-to-digital) converter is conducted. Expressions for position accuracy achievable due to inductive harmonics, inductive DC component feedthrough, quadrature error, amplitude imbalance, and imperfect quadrature component rejection are developed. The difficulty in achieving the high position resolution and accuracy capabilities of a tracking R/D converter is assessed, and several methods for minimizing nonideal resolver signals are discussed. The results of this work establish criteria which can be used in the design of resolvers. <<ETX>>
Sustentabilidade organizacional: aplicação de índice composto em uma empresa do setor químico

This paper aims to propose the use of a composite index to measure organizational sustainability in a multinational Brazilian chemical industry and assess its importance as management tool. The study is based on the methodology developed by Krajnc & Glavic (2005) that proposes a Composite Index of Sustainable Development - ICDS, generated by aggregating multiple indicators of economic, environmental and social dimensions, in order to monitor sustainability performance of a particular company. After selection, the indicators related to the company strategic are normalized, weighted and aggregated comprising three subindex to, finally, be associated and generate a global index. The method was applied to Braskem, Brazil's largest chemical company, in which the composite index was calculated using the indicators reported by the company for four years, according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines for sustainability reporting. The indicators weighting was subsidized by the macro objectives of the company's vision, and the strategic indicators considered received comparatively higher weights. The model application results were considered satisfactory because, in addition to providing partial performance numbers for each dimension evaluated, the tool showed great flexibility in the stages of indicators selection, weighting and normalization, allowing its application in different contexts and businesses.
Do Social Networking Sites Influence Well-Being? The Extended Active-Passive Model

Do social networking sites (SNSs) influence well-being? According to the active-passive model of SNS use, the impact of SNSs on well-being depends on how they are used: Using SNSs actively to interact with other users positively affects well-being, whereas passive consumption of SNS content negatively affects well-being. However, emerging evidence suggests that the active-passive distinction is too coarse to fully capture the relationship between SNS use and well-being. Here we describe the extended active-passive model of SNS use, which refines the original model in three ways: It decomposes active use, decomposes passive use, and crosses usage types with user characteristics. We describe recent empirical evidence illustrating the benefits of these three extensions and highlight important future research directions. The extended active-passive model of SNS use provides a nuanced understanding of the relationship between SNS use and well-being by highlighting that active use of SNSs is not always beneficial and passive use is not always detrimental.
Revenue improvement from intelligent metering systems

The deregulation of the power sector has ended monopoly of utilities and introduced a competitive environment, forcing the utilities to look for ways and means to improve their revenues. In order to achieve revenue improvement, it is essential to measure the energy consumed accurately, render bills quickly and collect the amount promptly. The universal problem faced by all the utilities across the world in ensuring the correct measurement of energy consumed is the commercial losses. The problem is more acute in developing countries where the commercial losses vary from 10-40%. The commercial losses are attributed to intentional act of unscrupulous persons indulging in pilferage, defective metering, wrong meter reading, unmetered supply and malpractice in usage of energy. The meter being the equipment for measuring the energy consumed, is the target for tampering. There are several ways and methods in which it can be deliberately tampered or damaged. The most effective way to curb commercial losses is to use intelligent/smart electronic meters, which makes theft of energy more difficult and easily detectable. Another measure for improvement of revenues, which deserves attention, is reduction of time lag between delivery of energy and rendering of bills and also between the issue of bills and collection of amounts. Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) in India has undertaken several innovative steps for revenue improvement using intelligent metering systems. This paper presents the techniques used and implemented by APSEB to generate additional revenues.