Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRAFFIC CONGESTION INDEX EVALUATION BASED ON TRAVEL SPEED ON URBAN EXPRESSWAY

Traffic Congestion Index Evaluation is important for motorists to gain a more accurate picture of changing traffic conditions. The paper puts forward a new concept of traffic congestion index and proposes a calculation method and evaluation criteria based on travel speed. The road congestion is divided into five levels. The authors evaluated the congestion level by the traffic parameter detected by the detector, which can be a reference for traffic management and travelers.
The P, T phase and reaction diagram for elemental carbon, 1979

A brief history of the many investigations of the pressure/temperature phase diagrams of elemental carbon is given. The strengths and weaknesses of the various proposed diagrams are discussed, and the areas where additional or better experimental data are needed are pointed out. Many questions still remain about linear solid carbons; about the low-pressure/high-temperature solid/liquid/vapor triple point; about the melting line of diamond; about the existence of a high-pressure metallic phase; and about the existence of two liquid phases, one insulator and the other metallic.
How does increasing horizontal resolution in a global climate model improve the simulation of aerosol‐cloud interactions?

The Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 is run at horizontal grid spacing of 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25°, with the meteorology nudged toward the Year Of Tropical Convection analysis, and cloud simulators and the collocated A‐Train satellite observations are used to explore the resolution dependence of aerosol‐cloud interactions. The higher‐resolution model produces results that agree better with observations, showing an increase of susceptibility of cloud droplet size, indicating a stronger first aerosol indirect forcing (AIF), and a decrease of susceptibility of precipitation probability, suggesting a weaker second AIF. The resolution sensitivities of AIF are attributed to those of droplet nucleation and precipitation parameterizations. The annual average AIF in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (where most anthropogenic emissions occur) in the 0.25° model is reduced by about 1 W m−2 (−30%) compared to the 2° model, leading to a 0.26 W m−2 reduction (−15%) in the global annual average AIF.
The crystalline basement of Estonia: rock complexes of the Palaeoproterozoic Orosirian and Statherian and Mesoproterozoic Calymmian periods, and regional correlations

New data on the Fennoscandian Shield and the Baltic area suggest a need for reinterpretation of the stratigraphy of Estonian Precambrian rock complexes. The rocks of the Tallinn Zone formed in the framework of the Fennian orogeny at the margin of the Bergslagen microcontinent 1.90-1.88 Ga ago. The precise age of the Alutaguse Zone is not known. It may have formed either during the 1.93-1.91 Ga Lapland-Savo orogeny or as a rifted eastern part of the Tallinn Zone in the Fennian orogeny. The granulites of western and southern Estonia belong to the volcanic arcs inside the 1.84-1.80 Ga Svecobaltic orogenic belt and show peak metamorphic conditions of 1.78 Ga. Small shoshonitic plutons formed 1.83-1.63 Ga, the small granitic plutons of the Wiborg Rapakivi Subprovince 1.67-1.62 Ga, and the Riga pluton 1.59-1.54 Ga ago.
Analysis of the model climate sensitivity spread forced by mean sea surface temperature biases

AbstractUncertainties in the numerical realization of the physical climate system in coarse-resolution climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) cause large spread in the global mean and regional response amplitude to a given anthropogenic forcing scenario, and they cause the climate models to have mean state climates different from the observed and different from each other. In a series of sensitivity simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a Slab Ocean Model, the role of differences in the control mean sea surface temperature (SST) in simulating the global mean and regional response amplitude is explored. The model simulations are forced into the control mean state SST of 24 CMIP3 climate models, and 2xCO2 forcing experiments are started from the different control states. The differences in the SST mean state cause large differences in other climate variables, but they do not reproduce most of the large spread in the mean state climate over .
How Many Phosphoric Acid Units Are Required to Ensure Uniform Occlusion of Sterically-Stabilized Nanoparticles within Calcite?

: Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mediated by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization offers a platform technology for the efficient and versatile synthesis of well-defined sterically-stabilized block copolymer nanoparticles. Herein we synthesize a series of such nanoparticles with tunable anionic charge density within the stabilizer chains, which are prepared via statistical copolymerization of anionic 2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl methacrylate (P) with non-ionic glycerol monomethacrylate (G). Systematic variation of the P/G molar ratio enables elucidation of the minimum number of phosphate groups per copolymer chain required to promote nanoparticle occlusion within a model inorganic crystal (calcite). Moreover, the extent of nanoparticle occlusion correlates strongly with the phosphate content of the steric stabilizer chains. This study is the first to examine the effect of systemically varying the anionic charge density of nanoparticles on their occlusion efficiency and sheds new light on maximizing occlusion studies: what is the minimum number of anionic comonomer units in the steric stabilizer block that is required to achieve uniform nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals?
24 hours to save the NHS: The Chief Executive's account of reform 2000 to 2006

Preface 1. 24 hours to save the NHS 2. The national and global context 3. The NHS Plan - overview of the story 4. Service improvement and delivery 5. System reform 6. The NHS workforce 7. Knowledge, science and technology 8. Finance and productivity 9. Leadership 10. Patients, health and society 11. Conclusions and key points 12. The future of the NHS in England 13. Reforming and strengthening health systems around the world 14. The global challenge Appendix 1. Glossary of terms Appendix 2. NHS structure Appendix 3. Time line Appendix 4. " targets in the NHS Plan Index
Long-term Survival and Functional Neurological Outcome in Conscious Hospital Survivors Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia

ABSTRACT Introduction Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the neuroprotective strategy for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. It improves neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. However, data regarding long-term outcomes are limited. We aimed to study functional ability and survival of the patients after discharge. Patients and methods We reviewed data of post-arrest patients undergoing TH in our hospital from 2006 to 2014 and assessed the functional ability of conscious survivors after hospital discharge by using a disability rating scale (DRS). We compared the patients' DRS after discharge with their cerebral performance category (CPC) at hospital discharge. Additionally, we analyzed survival rates at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. Results Of 51 patients undergoing TH, 27 survived, and 17 of these were conscious. Approximately 75%, 73%, 71%, and 56% of the hospital survivors were alive at 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. We evaluated the functional ability (DRS) in 15 awake patients. The majority of the patients with good performance (CPC1) at discharge returned to normal function or minimal disability (DRS 0-3). Interestingly, although the patients with worse CPC scores at discharge had a greater risk of functional disability and death, a patient with severe disability (CPC3) at discharge fully recovered and was able to return to work later on. Conclusion Long-term survival of conscious patients undergoing TH was quite high. The good CPC score at discharge potentially predicted the favorable forthcoming outcome. However, it was difficult to predict the unfavorable long-term outcome from the poor condition at discharge. How to cite this article Kongpolprom N, Cholkraisuwat J. Long-term Survival and Functional Neurological Outcome in Conscious Hospital Survivors Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, January 2019; 23(1):20-26.
Historical Relevance of Joint Forest Management Proggramme and the Key Elements of its Sustainability: An Evidence from Western Midnapore Division in West Bengal

While investigating the historical perspective of joint forest management (JFM) programme, this paper observes that the resistance movement of forest communities in western Midnapore division in West Bengal, which acted as key precursor to JFM programme in India through a June 1990 Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) circular based upon, to a large extent, the successful experience of joint management in Arabari hills, under this division, have been mobilized by the poor forest communities from long past for their community right on their forest resources in connection with the immediate survival needs. The study of existing four-forest protection committees (FPCs) of this area also confirms that this immediate survival needs generating mainly from non-timber forest products’ (NTFPs) income of FPC members are the key element for the sustainability of JFM.
The fine-structure of nearshore tidal and residual circulations revealed by H.F. radar surface current measurements

Abstract Using the Ocean Surface Current Radar (OSCR) developed by the Rutherford–Appleton Laboratory (UK), 30 days of synoptic hourly surface current vectors were obtained for 84 locations within a nearshore region some 18 kms square. Tidal analyses of these data show that the currents associated with the predominant M2 constituent sweep smoothly and regularly through the area, unaffected by the finer topographic features. Moreover, contours of the amplitude of the M2 semi-major axis are mutually consistent to a precision of better than 0.5 cm s−1. Statistical analyses of these data indicate that the standard error of OSCR current measurements is less than 4 cm s−1. By contrast the major higher harmonic constituent, M4, shows pronounced, but ordered, spatial variability. Relating the observed distributions for M4 and M2 is foreseen as an instructive modeling problem that should advance our knowledge of shallow water tidal interaction processes. Standard relationships between residual surface currents and.
40~r139~r and K - Ar age constraints on shear zone evolution, southern Taltson magmatic zone, northeastern Alberta1

New 40Ar/39Ar analyses of hornblende, muscovite, biotite, and K-feldspar constrain the timing of deformation and cooling of the southern Taltson magmatic zone, which underwent lower granulite to upper amphibolite grade deformation, in part synchronous with voluminous 1.99 - 1.92 Ga magmatism. New data are combined with existing K-Ar dates into a regional cooling framework to provide thermotemporal constraints on the deformational history. 40Ar/39Ar hornblende ages of ca. 1900 Ma are interpreted to record relatively rapid cooling following ductile thrusting on the Andrew Lake shear zone, and younger anatectic magmatism. These data, with published K-Ar and U-Pb data, support relatively rapid cooling of the Taltson magmatic zone from monazite closure temperature of 725°C at ca. 1930 Ma to 525°C at ca. 1900 Ma. Cooling rate estimates are about 7"C/Ma, which suggests moderate exhumation rates during the high-grade part of the deformational history. A muscovite 40~r/39Ar plateau age of 1803 f 11 Ma is consistent with the mean muscovite K-Ar age of 1792 Ma, indicating regional cooling through about 350°C at ca. 1800 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar ages from magmatic biotite of 1856 and 1799 Ma also suggest slow cooling during greenschist grade deformation, which can be no older than ca. 1860 Ma. A K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar age of 1681 Ma provides a lower limit for the time of greenschist grade deformation. Cooling rate estimates during amphibolite to greenschist grade deformation are 1.75 -2.25"CIMa.
Warm water cells in the North Water, Northern Baffin Bay during winter

Sea surface temperatures above the freezing point of seawater (−1.8°C) were observed in the North Water during winter and early spring. The result indicates a possibility of upwelling warm water, presumably of Atlantic origin, brought from lower depths to the surface. The warm water temperatures ranged from −1.7° to −0.1°C. The highest occurrence frequency lay in the temperature interval from −1.0° to −0.8°C. Most warm water cells were found along the Greenland coast in Smith Sound, Lady Ann Strait, and Barrow Strait. They occurred most frequently in Smith Sound, west of Cape Alexander. The highest temperatures of −0.1°C occurred, however, south of Cape Alexander. The occurrence frequency and the total area of warm water patches decreased toward spring. The predominantly northerly wind that is channeled in Smith Sound accounts for a mean ice drift of approximately 17 km d−1. This ice drift causes an ice divergence in Smith Sound and along the Greenland coast. The existence of warm water areas can be explained by the strong northerly wind resulting in a Coriolis force that induces coastal upwelling. The wind-induced offshore transport of 3.5×105 m3 s−1 in the North Water, compensated by the upwelling of Atlantic Baffin Bay water (0°C) along the Greenland coast, will suffice to keep 10% of the North Water ice free. The combination of ice divergence and forced convection of warm water can be considered as a prime cause of the polynyas in the North Water.
Targeting of MCL-1 in breast cancer associated fibroblasts reverses their myofibroblastic phenotype and pro-invasive properties

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major cellular component of epithelial tumors. In breast cancers in particular these stromal cells have numerous tumorigenic effects in part due to their acquisition of a myofibroblastic phenotype. Breast CAFs (bCAFS) typically express MCL-1. We show here that targeting this regulator of mitochondrial integrity using a specific BH-3 mimetic promotes fragmentation of these organelles without inducing cell death. MCL-1 antagonism in primary bCAFs directly derived from human samples mitigates myofibroblastic features and decreases expression of genes involved in actomyosin organization and contractility, associated with a cytoplasmic retention of the transcriptional regulator, Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). Such treatment decreases bCAFs ability to promote cancer cells invasion in 3D co-culture assays. These effects are counteracted by an inhibitor of the mitochondrial fission protein DRP-1, which interacts with MCL-1 upon BH3 mimetic treatment. Our findings underscore the usefulness of targeting MCL-1 in breast cancer ecosystems, not only to favor death of cancer cells but also to counteract the tumorigenic activation of fibroblasts with which they co-evolve. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
A technique for constructing an integrated scene from multiple viewing angles using a tactical ranging sensor

The problem of seamless scene integration from multiple 3-dimensional views of a location for surveillance or recognition purposes is one that continues to receive much interest. This technique holds the promise of increased ability to detect concealed targets, as well as better visualization of the scene itself. The process of creating an integrated scene 'model' from multiple range images taken at different views of the scene consists of several basic steps: (1) Matching of scene points across views, (2) Registration of the multiple views to a common reference frame, and (3) Integration of the multiple views into a complete 3D representation (such as a mesh or voxel space). We propose using a technique known as spin-map correlation to compute the initial scene point correspondences between views. This technique has the advantage of being able to perform the registration with minimal knowledge of viewing geometry or viewer location - the only requirement is that there is overlap between views. Registration is performed using the correspondences generated from spin-map matching to seed an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The ICP algorithm grows the list of correspondences and estimates the rigid transformation between the multiple views. Following registration of the disparate views, the surface is represented probabilistically in a voxel space that is then polygonised into a triangular facet model using the well-known marching cubes algorithm. We demonstrate this procedure using LADAR range images of an armored vehicle of interest.
Corncob structures in dental plaque reveal microhabitat taxon speci�city

The human mouth is a natural laboratory for studying how bacterial communities differ across habitats. Different bacteria colonize different surfaces in the mouth – teeth, tongue dorsum, and keratinized and non-keratinized epithelia – despite the short physical distance between these habitats and their connection through saliva. We sought to determine whether more tightly de�ned microhabitats might have more tightly de�ned sets of resident bacteria. A microhabitat may be characterized, for example, as the space adjacent to a particular species of bacterium. Corncob structures of dental plaque, consisting of coccoid bacteria bound to �laments of Corynebacterium cells, present an opportunity to analyze the community structure of one such well-de�ned microhabitat within a complex natural bio�lm. Here we investigate by �uorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging the composition of the cocci decorating the �laments.
Mantle-wedge garnet peridotites from the northernmost ultra-high pressure domain of the Western Gneiss Region, SW Norway

Garnet peridotites exposed on the islands of Otroy, Flemsoy and Fjortoft form an integral part of the northernmost ultra- high pressure terrane of the Western Gneiss Region, SW Norway. Their mantle and crustal evolution is fundamentally different from similar Western Gneiss Region garnet peridotites exposed further south. For this reason the occurrences and interpretation of the northernmost garnet peridotites is reviewed here emphasizing the progress made in recent years. Re-Os analyses of whole-rock powders of peridotites and garnetites, Sm-Nd analyses of megacrystic garnets and a 5 point Sm-Nd whole-rock errorchron of garnet pyroxenites suggest an Archean origin (M1), involving majoritic (20 %) garnet growth, decom- pression melting at high temperature, accretion to the Laurentian subcontinental mantle with simultaneous growth of a second generation of majoritic garnet (1 %) followed by cooling towards pressure-temperature conditions indicated by a stable cratonic geotherm. Minimal mid Proterozoic Sm-Nd garnet-pyroxene ages are interpreted to reflect intense dynamic recrystallisation of garnet megacrysts (M2). Subsequent crustal emplacement of the garnet peridotites (from around 120 km depth) took place during the early Scandian (� 430 Ma) when the continental crust of Baltica subducted beneath Laurentia. A prograde, Scandian, subduction event (M3) can be recognised in the peridotites as recrystallised M3 orthopyroxene crystals with markedly lower Al2O3 contents than M2 orthopyroxene crystals in garnet websterite protoliths. M3 is contemporaneous with the introduction of a supercritical, COH-rich, dense subduction zone fluid that formed the source of carbon that gave rise to diamond crystallisation during subsequent continued continental subduction. Scandian peak metamorphic conditions are indicated by the growth of a ''third'' generation of majoritic garnet indicating pressures on the order of 5.5-6.5 GPa. Roughly similar PT conditions can be calculated for opx-grt mineral- chemistries using classical geothermobarometric techniques.
Sensitivity of Labile Soil Organic Carbon to Tillage in Wheat‐Based Cropping Systems

To investigate the sensitivity of labile, or active, soil organic C (SOC), such as soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), mineralizable C, particulate organic matter C (POM C), dissolved organic C (DOC), and hydrolyzable C, to changes in management, we sampled soils in a 20-yr experiment with tillage (no-till [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), cropping sequence, and N fertilization treatments in south-central Texas. Sensitivity is defined as how rapidly soil properties respond to changes in management. No-till significantly increased the size of SOC and all labile SOC pools compared with CT, especially at 0 to 5 cm. Intensified cropping also increased SOC and these labile pools, which generally decreased with depth. Labile pools were highly correlated with each other and SOC, but their slopes were significantly different, being lowest for DOC and highest for hydrolyzable C. In our study, SMBC was 5 to 8%, mineralized C was 2%, POM C was 14 to 31%, hydrolyzable C was 53 to 71%, and DOC was 1 to 2% of SOC. Model II orthogonal regression and simple linear regression both provided similar results, indicating that both methods were appropriate for evaluation of sensitivity to changes in management; however, using our proposed equation for sensitivity to tillage, no labile SOC pool was more sensitive than SOC. Further studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of this model.
Unpairing metamorphic belts: P–T paths and a tectonic model for the Ryoke Belt, southwest Japan

Southwest Japan is divided into Outer and Inner Zones by the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), a major transcurrent fault. The Outer Zone is composed of the Sambagawa (high‐pressure intermediate or high P/T type metamorphism), Chichibu and Shimanto Belts. In the Inner Zone, the Ryoke Belt (andalusite– sillimanite or low P/T type metamorphism) was developed mainly within a Jurassic accretionary complex. This spatial relationship between high P/T type and low P/T type metamorphic belts led Miyashiro to the idea that metamorphic belts were developed as ‘paired’ systems. Textural relationships and petrogenetically significant mineral assemblages in pelites from the Ryoke Belt imply peak P–T conditions of ≈5 kbar and up to 850 °C in migmatitic garnet–cordierite rocks from the highest‐grade metamorphic zone. It is likely that the thermal anomaly responsible for metamorphism of the Ryoke Belt was related to a segment of the Farallon–Izanagi Ridge as it subducted under the eastern margin of the Asian continent during the Cretaceous. The sequence of mineral assemblages developed in pelites implies a metamorphic field gradient with shallow dP/dT slope, inferred to have been generated by a nested set of hairpin‐like ‘clockwise’P–T paths. These P–T paths are characterized by limited prograde thickening, minor decompression at peak‐T , and near‐isobaric cooling, features that may be typical of P–T paths in low P/T type metamorphic belts caused by ridge subduction. A ridge subduction model for the Ryoke Belt implies that juxtaposition of the high‐P/T metamorphic rocks of the Sambagawa Belt against it was a result of terrane amalgamation. Belt‐parallel ductile stretching, recorded as syn‐metamorphic, predominantly constrictional strain in both Ryoke and Sambagawa Belt rocks, and substantial sinistral displacement on the MTL are consistent with left‐lateral oblique convergence. Diachroneity in fast cooling of the Ryoke Belt is implied by extant thermochronological data, and is inferred to relate to progressive SW to NE docking of the Sambagawa Belt. Thus, an alternative interpretation of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in Japan is that they represent laterally contemporaneous terranes, rather than outboard and inboard components of a trench/arc ‘paired’ system. Amalgamation of laterally contemporaneous terranes during large translations of forearcs along continental margins may explain other examples of ‘paired’ metamorphic belts in the geological record.