Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring temporal change in alpha diversity: A framework integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity and the iNEXT.3D standardization

Biodiversity is a multifaceted concept covering different levels of organization from genes to ecosystems. Biodiversity has at least three dimensions: (a) Taxonomic diversity (TD): a measure that is sensitive to the number and abundances of species. (b) Phylogenetic diversity (PD): a measure that incorporates not only species abundances but also species evolutionary histories. (c) Functional diversity (FD): a measure that considers not only species abundances but also species' traits. We integrate the three dimensions of diversity under a unified framework of Hill numbers and their generalizations. Our TD quantifies the effective number of equally abundant species, PD quantifies the effective total branch length, mean‐PD (PD divided by tree depth) quantifies the effective number of equally divergent lineages, and FD quantifies the effective number of equally distinct virtual functional groups (or functional ‘species’). Thus, TD, mean‐PD and FD are all in the same units of species/lineage equivalents and can be meaningfully compared. Like species richness, empirical TD, PD and FD based on sampling data depend on sampling effort and sample completeness. For TD (Hill numbers), the iNEXT (interpolation and extrapolation) standardization was developed for standardizing sample size or sample completeness (as measured by sample coverage, the fraction of individuals that belong to the observed species) to make objective comparisons across studies. This paper extends the iNEXT method to the iNEXT.3D standardization to encompass all three dimensions of diversity via sample size‐ and sample coverage‐based rarefaction and extrapolation under the unified framework. The asymptotic diversity estimates (i.e. sample size tends to infinity and sample coverage tends to unity) are also derived. In addition to individual‐based abundance data, the proposed iNEXT.3D standardization is adapted to deal with incidence‐based occurrence data. We apply the integrative framework and the proposed iNEXT.3D standardization to measure temporal alpha‐diversity changes for estuarine fish assemblage data spanning four decades. The influence of environmental drivers on diversity change are also assessed. Our analysis informs a mechanistic interpretation of biodiversity change in the three dimensions of diversity. The accompanying freeware, iNEXT.3D, developed during this project, facilitates all computation and graphics.
Fault Coexistence and Grading Aware TSV Test based on Delay Feature

Screening out the defects in the TSV manufacturing process and eliminating the resistive open fault and leakage fault as early as possible are beneficial to improve the yield and reliability of 3D ICs. The existing prebond test methods are confined to the test accuracy and de- tection range, especially the test confusion prob- lem and the lack of diagnosable ability under the coexistence of multiple faults. Based on the uc- tuation of delay feature caused by faults, a kind of fault coexistence and grading aware TSV test method is proposed to enhance the yield and reli- ability of TSVs in this paper. The reference TSV and the TSV under test are input with test stim- uli simultaneously. Furthermore, the designed delay extraction circuit is utilized to generate the rising edge and the falling edge separately and additional fault grading circuit can be enriched according to the test requirements. Finally, a one bit comparator at the capture end is used to detect whether two pulse signals arrive simul- taneously, so as to determine whether there is a fault and the type of fault. The simulation results indicate that the detection range of resistive open fault is more than 281 , and the detection range of leakage fault is less than 223 M , which is bet- ter than most existing methods. While effective- ly solving resistive open fault and leakage fault, it can also successfully deal with the coexistence of two kinds of faults and achieve a 5-level fault grading ability with relatively low area overhead.
Study on the chemical composition of teak wood extracts in different organic solvents

Abstract: Teak wood (Tectona grandis Linn F.) is known for its high natural resistance to attack by microorganisms. For this reason, teak wood is used for restoration works. This paper provides an assessment of the extraction capacity of various organic solvents and the chemical and physical-structural characteristics of extracts of teak wood with an age of 40 years. On the basis of literature data, we selected the solvents with potential synergetic activity in preservation treatments. For this purpose we used the SEM-EDX and GC+MS methods, assisted by computerized processing software, and corroborated the data obtained from these two instrumental techniques.
Application of a Partial Convolutional Neural Network for Estimating Geostationary Aerosol Optical Depth Data

Satellite‐derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) is negatively impacted by cloud cover and surface reflectivity. As these issues lead to biases, they need to be discarded, which significantly increases the amount of missing data within an image. This paper presents a unique application of the partial convolutional neural network (PCNN) for imputing missing data from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) by training the PCNN model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model simulated AOD. The PCNN model outperforms various models and algorithms for imputing GOCI images with a significant amount of missing data (45% of the data set has at least 80% missing pixels) and distance to the nearest known pixel within the GOCI image. Once trained, the model requires significantly less processing time and fewer resources than the other models and methods. The model allows the accurate imputation of remote sensing images within significant amounts of missing data.
PRACTICE PAPER Capacity Development and Collaboration for Sustainable African Agriculture: Amplification of Impact Through Hackathons

The paper describes the concept of INSPIRE Kampala virtual hackathons, with the main focus to build and strengthen relationships between several European Union (EU) projects and African communities that started in 2019 with the Nairobi INSPIRE Hackathon. The main focus is exploring a new model for capacity building based on virtual hackathons as an excellent opportunity for bringing together people from different work environments, culture and disciplinary backgrounds. This paper is describing experience and lessons learned from the Kampala INSPIRE Hackathon. INSPIRE Hackathons have evolved over a five year period since it started and during this period we developed a model of fully virtual Hackathons, which we recognise as optimal for Africa. The paper describes all stages of Hackathon building: definition of themes, selection of mentors, development, webinars as tools for sharing experience, final presentation, selection of winners and awarding ceremony. As important we consider also planning other actions, because we don’t see INSPIRE Hackathon as an event, but as a continuous process. Demonstration part of paper describes the lessons learnt from the winning challenge: Desert Locus Monitoring. The description of all phases demonstrate Kampala INSPIRE Hackathon approach. On the basis of experience we defined strategy for the future,
The Relationship Between Share Prices and DUPONT Model Components: Evidence from Mexican Stock Market

This article presents the possible association between the three components (profit generation, asset efficiency and financial leverage) of the DUPONT ratio and share prices. The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation was used with a sample of 23 companies traded on the Mexican stock exchange between 2008 and 2016, considering a period of three days before and three days after the presentation of the quarterly results. It is noted that the generation of profit and efficiency are the components of the DUPONT model that are strongly associated with stock prices, while the leverage effect is the component with the least impact. This empirical work is intended to help understand the relationship between accounting information and stock prices. The study identifies variables that influence decision-making and does not seek to be a predictive model of the value of actions in the future. This research differs from previous studies because it considers the volatility index (VIMEX) as a control variable.
A brief review on Nux vomica: A panacea homoeopathic remedy

Strychnos nux-vomica is a homoeopathic remedy that has long been considered a panacea. This review collected the clinical trials and/or experimental studies on the pharmacological effects of Nux vomica. An electronic database search was run on Google Scholar and PubMed from 1980 to 2018. Data from homoeopathic texts available on paper and electronically were also included. Conventionally, Nux vomica is a medicine for alcoholism, anger effects of, colic, constipation, dyspepsia, gastrodynia, haemorrhoids, tea and tobacco habit, insomnia, nightmares, lumbago and many more diseases. Various pharmacological studies have proved its anti-alcoholic effect. Studies also showed its effect on sleep quality, anxiety-related behavioural patterns and epilepsy survival time. It also inhibited Helicobacter pylori-induced gene expression. Nux vomica was found to be beneficial in treating baker’s yeast-induced acute high-grade fever, pock-like lesions and Reiter’s disease. However, further research studies are required to explore its traditional uses for other diseases.
The NUNAtak Ice Thinning (NUNAIT) Calculator for Cosmonuclide Elevation Profiles

Cosmogenic nuclides are widely used to constrain the landscape history of glaciated areas. At nunataks in continental polar regions with extremely arid conditions, cosmogenic nuclides are often the only method available to date the ice thinning history of the glacier. However, the amount of cosmogenic isotopes accumulated at the surface of nunataks depends not only on the length of time that rock has been exposed since the last deglaciation, but on the full history of the surface, including muon production under ice, exposure during previous interglacials, subaerial weathering rate, glacial erosion rate, and uplift rate of the nunatak. The NUNAtak Ice Thinning model (NUNAIT) simulates the cosmonuclide accumulation on vertical profiles, fitting the aforementioned parameters to a set of multi-isotope apparent ages from samples taken at different elevations over the ice-sheet surface. The NUNAIT calculator is an easy-to-use tool that constrains parameters that describe the geological history of a nunatak from a set of surface exposure ages.
The accuracy of robot-assisted S2 alar-iliac screw placement at two different healthcare centers.

Background Current literature on robot-assisted S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw placement shows favorable outcomes and screw accuracy; however, the data is limited by a few retrospective, single-surgeon studies. To the author's knowledge, this is the first multicenter study which evaluates the accuracy of robot-assisted S2AI screws. Methods Adult (≥18 years old) patients who underwent robot-assisted S2AI screw placement from 2017-2019 were reviewed. All surgeries used the same proprietary robotic guidance system, Mazor X (Mazor Robotics Ltd). Results A total of 65 screws were assessed in 31 patients. The mean follow-up ± standard deviation was 362±190 days (minimum was 90 days). The mean age was 61.1±11 years old, and 54.8% (n=17) of patients were female. Nearly half of the patients had a primary diagnosis of degenerative scoliosis (48.4%, n=15). Other diagnosis included pseudarthrosis (22.6%, n=7), degenerative disc disease (16.1%, n=5), and high-grade spondylolisthesis (12.9%, n=4). The mean length and diameter of screws were 84.6±6.1 mm and 8.4±0.7, respectively. The mean axial and sagittal angles were 50.0±6.3 and 24.0±10.5, respectively. The overall screw accuracy was 93.8% (n=61). There were four iliac cortex breaches (anterior =3, inferior 1) with a mean breach distance of 3.5±3.2. No statistically significant differences in screw length, diameter, axial angle, and sagittal angle were observed between screws with and without a breach. No intraoperative neurologic, vascular, or visceral complications from the S2AI screw were observed. No post-discharge wound complications, screw prominence issues, or revision of S2AI screws were observed during the study's follow-up period. Conclusions Robot-assisted S2AI screw placement was found to be safe and accurate in this multicenter study. This is largely attributed to the versatility of the robotic guidance software that allows for detailed and precise preoperative and intraoperative planning.
Estimating Size and Number Density of Three-Dimensional Particles Using Truncated Cross-Sectional Data

The need for estimating three-dimensional (3D) information based on two-dimensional (2D) images has been increasing in numerous fields. It is essential in quality assessment, quality control, and process optimization. However, all the existing methods have not considered the data truncation issue, which is commonly faced in metrology. This paper proposes a new statistical approach to infer size distribution and volume number density (VND) of 3D particles based on 2D cross-sectional images with data truncation considered. In order to estimate the size distribution, a linkage is established between 3D particles and 2D observations with the existence of data truncation. Subsequently, this paper derives the likelihood function of 2D observations and an efficient Monte Carlo expectation-maximization algorithm is developed to estimate the parameters of size distribution. In addition, an explicit relationship between the 3D and 2D particle number densities is established and leveraged to estimate the VND and volume fraction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through both simulation study and real case studies in metal additive manufacturing and metal-matrix nanocomposites manufacturing.
Statistical structures on tangent bundles and tangent Lie groups

Let $TM$ be a tangent bundle over a Riemannian manifold $M$ with a Riemannian metric $g$ and $TG$ be a tangent Lie group over a \ Lie group with a left-invariant metric $g$. The purpose of the paper is two-fold. Firstly, we study statistical structures on the tangent bundle $TM$ equipped with two Riemannian $g$-natural metrics and lift connections. Secondly, we define a left-invariant complete lift connection on the tangent Lie group $TG $ equipped with metric $\widetilde{g}$ \ introduced in \cite{AS1} and study statistical structures on this setting.
Unexpected Ferromagnetism—A Review

The study of magnetism in materials without partially filled d or f bands has gained much attention in the past years. Even though it has challenged the understanding of traditional magnetism, there is a wide range of studies debating the nature of magnetism in such materials. Theories on whether the exhibited ferromagnetic behavior is due to sample impurities or intrinsic structural defects have been published throughout the years. Materials such as hexaborides, non-magnetic oxides, and carbon nanostructures have been of great interest due to their potential applications. For a better understanding, herein, we present a literature review combining past and up-to-date studies on these materials.
MEMS-based column coated with reduced graphene oxide as stationary phase for gas chromatography

This work presents the investigation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a new type of stationary phase for gas chromatographic separation on a microcolumn which is fabricated on a silicon wafer by the application of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) techniques. A ZnO film synthesized by a sol–gel method is utilized as a supporting material between RGO and the column wall for inwall roughening to form a stable RGO stationary phase and increase gas-stationary phase interaction. The RGO/ZnO grafted on the column wall was characterized by SEM and FT-IR spectra. The experimental results demonstrate that good separations for mixtures of a wide range of organic compounds including alkanes and esters are achieved by the microcolumn coated with bilayer film. And the maximum column efficiency of 11 363 theoretical plates per meter for n-dodecane is obtained, which is higher than any previously reported values for chromatography columns coated with graphene and their analogs to the best of our knowledge. However, the RGO stationary phase shows obvious peak tailings for polar alcohols, which mainly originate from its specific π–π stacking interaction as well as the hydrophobic effect between analytes and the π-electron on the high surface area of reduced graphene oxide. This work greatly favors RGO coated chip columns for gas chromatographic separation in achieving micro-total analytical systems.
Stratigraphic Evidence for Early Martian Explosive Volcanism in Arabia Terra

Several large paterae in Arabia Terra are suggested to be calderas that produced colossal explosive eruptions (i.e., supereruptions). If these features are indeed explosive calderas, dispersion modeling suggests extensive ash deposits should be common throughout the region. However, such deposits have not previously been linked with the suggested calderas. Here, we describe layered deposits containing minerals both consistent with and diagnostic of altered volcanic ash throughout Arabia Terra. These deposits include Al‐dominant minerals such as montmorillonite, imogolite, and allophane among others. Altered ash deposits are found to thin (from 1‐km to 100‐m thickness) away from the suggested calderas. We estimate that the volcanic ash observed in Arabia Terra is the result of between 1,000 and 2,000 individual explosive eruptions over 500‐million years. Our observations support the hypothesis that Arabia Terra hosted supereruptions in the late Noachian‐early Hesperian that repeatedly blanketed the region with layers of ash.
Modified ADMM algorithm for solving proximal bound formulation of multi-delay optimal control problem with bounded control

This study presents an algorithm for solving Optimal Control Problems(OCPs) with objective function of the Lagrange - type and multiple delayson both the state and control variables of the constraints; with bounds on thecontrol variable. The full discretization of the objective functional and the multipledelay constraints was carried out using the Simpson numerical scheme.The discrete recurrence relations generated from the discretization of both theobjective functional and constraints were used to develop the matrix operatorswhich satisfy the basic spectral properties The primal-dual residuals of the algorithmwere derived in order to ascertain the rate of convergence of the algorithm;which performs faster when relaxed with an accelerator variant in the sense ofNesterov. The direct numerical approach for handling the multi-delay controlproblem was observed to obtain an accurate result at a faster rate of convergencewhen over-relaxed with an accelerator variant. This research problemis limited to linear constraints and objective functional of the Lagrange-typeand can address real-life models with multiple delays as applicable to quadraticoptimization of Intensity Modulated Radiation Theory (IMRT) planning. Thenovelty of this research paper lies in the method of discretization and its adaptationto handle linearly and proximal bound constrained program formulatedfrom the multiple delay optimal control problems.
Lifetime centric load balancing mechanism in wireless sensor network based IoT environment

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a vital form of the underlying technology of the internet of things (IoT); WSN comprises several energy-constrained sensor nodes to monitor various physical parameters. Moreover, due to the energy constraint, load balancing plays a vital role considering the wireless sensor network as battery power. Although several clustering algorithms have been proposed for providing energy efficiency, there are chances of uneven load balancing and this causes the reduction in network lifetime as there exists inequality within the network. These scenarios occur due to the short lifetime of the cluster head. These cluster head (CH) are prime responsible for all the activity as it is also responsible for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communications. In this research work, a mechanism named lifetime centric load balancing mechanism (LCLBM) is developed that focuses on CH-selection, network design, and optimal CH distribution. Furthermore, under LCLBM, assistant cluster head (ACH) for balancing the load is developed. LCLBM is evaluated by considering the important metrics, such as energy consumption, communication overhead, number of failed nodes, and one-way delay. Further, evaluation is carried out by comparing with ES-Leach method, through the comparative analysis it is observed that the proposed model outperforms the existing model.
Young adults’ attitudes toward online self-disclosure and social connection as predictors of a preference for online social interactions: the mediating effect of relational closeness

ABSTRACT Nowadays, computer-mediated-communication (CMC) has become integral to the interpersonal relationships, but the preference for CMC might produce negative outcomes. Specifically, attitudes toward online communication have been found concurrently associated with online relational closeness (RC) and problematic preference for online social interactions (POSI). Thus, mixed evidence regarding the effect of online communication attitudes has been found. The present paper aimed at validating online communication attitudes measures and exploring their direct and indirect effect on POSI, via RC. Two studies have been conducted. Study 1 evaluated the psychometric properties of online self-disclosure (OSD) and online social connection (OSC) subscales on a young adult sample (N = 820). Study 2 (N = 588) explored the direct and indirect predictive role of OSD and OSC on POSI via RC. The OSD and OSC subscales showed good internal consistency and reliability providing reliable instruments. Concerning the mediation analyses, the findings showed that both OSD and OSC predicted POSI. RC only partially mediated the relationship between online communication attitudes and POSI. Therefore, the online communication promotes online intimacy but, concurrently, it might represent a risk factor for psychological outcomes, such as POSI. The study provided novel findings concerning CMC and contributes toward the ongoing debate on possible predictors of POSI.
Advances in the Rheological Characterization of Slurries of Elongated Particles

Inherent challenges regarding the rheological characterization of slurries of elongated particles have necessitated the development of alternatives to standardized rheometers. These methods of measurement, and the associated advances in the quantification of shear and normal stress measurements, are described. Also, recent advances in modeling and predictive capabilities are summarized. During shearing flows, confinement substantially influences the orientation distribution of the particles; this change in the microstructure impacts the rheology, even as the smallest confining dimension exceeds seven particle lengths. The slow development of the orientation distributions renders additional difficulties in evaluating the rheology. Achievements of the measurement methods include a universal shear viscosity as a function of concentration for a wide range of particle lengths to diameters (aspect ratios). The jamming limit (divergence of the viscosity with concentration) of the suspensions has been also shown to scale differently than for spheres. More general dynamics of the suspensions and the additional needs for measurement improvements are discussed.