Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular and Metabolic Responses during Repeated Bouts of Loaded Downhill Walking

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study was to compare vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles for their nervous and mechanical adaptations during two bouts of downhill walking (DW) with load carriage performed 2 wk apart. Moreover, we investigated cardiometabolic and perceived exertion responses during both DW bouts. Methods Seventeen participants performed two 45-min sessions of loaded DW (30% of body mass; slope, −25%; speed, 4.5 km·h−1) separated by 2 wk. Rating of perceived exertion, cost of walking, heart rate, and EMG activity of thigh muscles were assessed during the DW. Muscle shear elastic modulus (μ) of RF and VL were assessed before each exercise bout. Maximal voluntary contraction torque was assessed before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 24 and 48 h after the two exercise bouts. Results Maximal voluntary contraction torque decreased from POST (−23.7% ± 9.2%) to 48 h (−19.2% ± 11.9%) after the first exercise (Ex1), whereas it was significantly reduced only at POST (−14.6% ± 11.0%) after the second exercise (Ex2; P < 0.001). Rating of perceived exertion (Ex1: 12.3 ± 1.9; Ex2: 10.8 ± 2.0), heart rate (Ex1: 156 ± 23 bpm; Ex2: 145 ± 25 bpm), cost of walking (Ex1: 4.5 ± 0.9 J·m−1·kg−1; Ex2: 4.1 ± 0.7 J·m−1·kg−1), and RF EMG activity (Ex1: 0.071 ± 0.028 mV; Ex2: 0.041 ± 0.014 mV) were significantly decreased during Ex2 compared with Ex1 (P < 0.01). RF μ was significantly greater in Ex2 (0.44 ± 0.18) compared with Ex1 (0.56 ± 0.27; P < 0.001). Conclusions The RF muscle displayed specific mechanical and nervous adaptations to repeated DW bouts as compared with VL. Moreover, the muscle adaptations conferred by the first bout of DW could have induced greater exercise efficiency, inducing lesser perceived exertion and cardiometabolic demand when the same exercise was repeated 2 wk later.
Please Scroll down for Article the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology the Specific-word Frequency Effect in Speech Production: Evidence from Spanish and French

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Computational tools for inferring transcription factor activity

Transcription factors (TFs) are essential players in orchestrating the regulatory landscape in cells. Still, their exact modes of action and dependencies on other regulatory aspects remain elusive. Since TFs act cell type‐specific and each TF has its own characteristics, untangling their regulatory interactions from an experimental point of view is laborious and convoluted. Thus, there is an ongoing development of computational tools that estimate transcription factor activity (TFA) from a variety of data modalities, either based on a mapping of TFs to their putative target genes or in a genome‐wide, gene‐unspecific fashion. These tools can help to gain insights into TF regulation and to prioritize candidates for experimental validation. We want to give an overview of available computational tools that estimate TFA, illustrate examples of their application, debate common result validation strategies, and discuss assumptions and concomitant limitations.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTECEDENT PRECIPITATION INDEX MODEL TO DETECT SEASONAL CHANGES IN FECAL COLIFORM LEVELS DURING STORM EVENTS.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTECEDENT PRECIPITATION INDEX MODEL TO DETECT SEASONAL CHANGES IN FECAL COLIFORM LEVELS DURING STORM EVENTS. Jennifer L. Bidaurreta An Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) model was created for Janes Creek in Arcata, California. The API model was used to predict and quantify periods of poor surface water quality in connection with precipitation events and land use practices. Janes Creek currently does not have a streamflow gage; therefore the API model was used to generate streamflow data. Streamflow data allowed fecal coliform monitoring to be performed in context of hydrological conditions. Additionally, the API model accounts for soil saturation levels, which is important in determining runoff response. Janes Creek was sampled for fecal coliforms from November of 2003, through February of 2005. Three sampling sites included one reference site above cattle grazing activities and two below. Over the sampling period, regular monthly samples were analyzed along with samples from a series of storms that occurred during the storm season of 2004-2005. Fecal coliform concentrations increased 100 fold from background levels during the first major storm of 2004, which registered over 0.5 inches of precipitation. Fecal coliform levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and associated with storm events at the two sites below cattle grazing activities. Based on findings in this watershed, increased precipitation and streamflow will increase enteric bacterial concentrations in surface waters affected by catchments used for grazing dairy cattle. Forecasted precipitation amounts applied in the API model allowed both sampling timing and pollution events to be anticipated ahead of time.
Rotation-Tolerant Wireless Power Transmission Scheme with Smart Positioning for Cognitive Research on Moving Animals

This article presents a novel wireless power transmission scheme designed for moving loads. Specifically focused on compensating for the tilt misalignment of the receiver. By utilizing phase-shifted excitation signals from an array of transmitters, the proposed scheme effectively mitigates the impact of misalignment, locally. The application of this scheme holds particular relevance for studying the behavior of moving animals in cognitive research. The system incorporates a cage with two transmitter arrays positioned on the top and bottom sides. To smart determining the receiver's position, the proposed structure utilizes current feedback from the driving circuits and employs SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification algorithms for positioning. Furthermore, when the receiver coil is tilted, a phase shift mechanism significantly enhances the power delivered to the receiver. Additionally, the use of an overlapped transmitter array enhances rotation tolerance and improves the uniformity of the magnetic fields for moving objects. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated through extensive simulations and measurements using a fabricated prototype. Notably, the designed system achieves a power delivery of 296 mW to the load at a 90° angular misalignment, compared to 1.67 µW delivered by conventional array system.
EMPREENDEDORISMO COMO OPÇÃO DE CARREIRA DE QUEM CURSA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO

A partir da perspectiva de que o empreendedorismo faz parte das alternativas para o direcionamento da carreira do indivíduo, este artigo teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um programa de pós-graduação sobre a decisão do aluno em empreender como opção de carreira. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa por meio de um estudo de caso em um curso de mestrado profissional em administração na cidade de São Paulo. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados, destaca-se que infraestrutura, corpo docente, mentorias, parcerias e trocas de conhecimentos e ideias entre alunos, bem como suporte e explanação de conteúdos voltados a aspectos financeiros e análise de risco, contribuem positivamente, não somente na criação de um novo negócio, mas no estabelecimento de uma empresa mais bem estruturada e com planejamento estratégico traçado a partir de análises e metodologias consistentes.
Environmental response to past and recent climate variability in the Trondheimsfjord region, central Norway-A multiproxy geochemical approach

High sedimentation rates in fjords provide excellent possibilities for high resolution sedimentary and geochemical records over the Holocene. As a baseline for an improved interpretation of geochemical data from fjord sediment cores, this study aims to investigate the inorganic/organic geochemistry of surface sediments and to identify geochemical proxies for terrestrial input and river discharge in the Trondheimsfjord, central Norway. Sixty evenly distributed surface sediment samples were analysed for their elemental composition, total organic carbon (Corg), nitrogen (Norg) and organic carbon stable isotopes (δ Corg), bulk mineral composition and grain size distribution. Our results indicate carbonate marine productivity to be the main CaCO3 source. Also, a strong decreasing gradient of marinederived organic matter from the entrance towards the fjord inner part is consistent with modern primary production data. We show that the origin of the organic matter as well as the distribution of CaCO3 in Trondheimsfjord sediments can be used as a proxy for the variable inflow of Atlantic water and changes in river runoff. Furthermore, the comparison of
Laboratory analogs of Mars clouds : critical saturations for water ice nucleation

ABSTRACT LABORATORY ANALOGS OF MARS CLOUDS: CRITICAL SATURATIONS FOR WATER ICE NUCLEATION by Bruce D. Phebus Understanding the current martian climate and water cycle depends on a thorough understanding of water ice clouds, which are modeled based on extrapolation of data relevant to Earth's atmosphere. These studies show the successful development of a new chamber and experimental protocol for conducting studies of water ice nucleation via vapor deposition. We have performed experiments at cold temperatures and low pressures more representative of Mars. Critical saturation ratios were observed to vary from 1.1 ± 0.2 at 185.0 K to 3.3 ± 0.8 at 155.1 K on martian dust analogs. Variation in the temperature dependence among different substrates was also observed. The strong temperature dependences observed here for many analogs under water ice nucleation conditions makes it is clear that extrapolation of terrestrial values to martian temperatures is inappropriate. Adsorption/desorption tests with smectite clay and JSC Mars-1 Regolith Simulant were also undertaken to insure that experiments were preformed under repeatable conditions. This laboratory work is the first to test martian dust analogs for water ice nucleation under temperatures relevant to Mars (T = 140 - 210 K), and it is the first study to examine critical saturations for water ice nucleation on JSC Mars-1 Regolith Simulant under any conditions.
The Arctic Council

Background: At present, nothing is known of the role of miRNAs in the immune response in vivo despite the fact that inflammation is thought to underlie multiple acute and chronic diseases. In these circumstances, patients are commonly treated with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone. Results: To address this question, we have examined the differential expression of 104 miRNAs using real-time PCR during the innate immune response in mouse lung following exposure to aerosilised lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following challenge, we observed rapid and transient increase in both the mean (4.3-fold) and individual levels of miRNA expression (46 miRNAs) which peaked at 3 hrs. Crucially, this increase was correlated with a reduction in the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, suggesting a potential role for miRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine production. Examination of the individual miRNA expression profiles showed time dependent increases in miR-21, -25, -27b, -100, 140, -142-3p, -181c, 187, -194, -214, -223 and -224. Corticosteroid studies showed that pre-treatment with dexamethasone at concentrations that inhibited TNF-α production, had no effect either alone or upon the LPS-induced miRNA expression profile. Conclusion: We have shown that the LPS-induced innate immune response is associated with widespread, rapid and transient increases in miRNA expression in the mouse lung and we speculate that these changes might be involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response. In contrast, the lack of effect of dexamethasone in either control or challenged animals implies that the actions of glucocorticoids per se are not mediated through changes in miRNAs expression and that LPSinduced increases in miRNA expression are not mediated via classical inflammatory transcription factors. Published: 17 July 2007 BMC Genomics 2007, 8:240 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-240 Received: 5 February 2007 Accepted: 17 July 2007 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2164/8/240 © 2007 Moschos et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The challenges posed by climate change

The Council of Europe is concerned about the consequences of global climate change and the urgent need to secure a successful agreement at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009. While there is a clear recognition that global action is vital, there is little political consensus on how to share the burden to achieve the necessary 50-85% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and even less consensus on how to set mid-term economy-wide quantitative targets for 2020.
GIS and Society: The Social Implications of How People, Space, and Environment Are Represented in GIS- Scientific Report for the Initiative 19 Specialist Meeting (96-7)

Author(s): Harris, Trevor; Weiner, Daniel | Abstract: This report is a summary of the specialist meeting of NCGIA Initiative 19: ‘The Social Implications of How People, Space, and Environment are Represented in GIS’. The meeting brought together researchers and graduate students from the US and Europe and represented a spectrum of the Geography discipline. Deliberations began in an opening plenary session where the steering committee identified three core conceptual issues: 1) epistemologies of GIS; 2) GIS, spatial data institutions, and access to information; and 3) developing alternative GISs. Subsequent small group and plenary discussions generated the following seven research focus areas:GIS 2 and virtual geographies; GIS social practice and intellectual history; Environmental justice and political ecology; GIS in the community: local knowledge and multiple realities; Data access, privacy and geodemographics; Gender and representation; and Geographic Information (and Systems) and the human dimensions of global environmental change.
Evolution of agricultural watersheds in a systems management framework

Multifunctional agricultural watersheds are important producers of ecosystem services, including enhanced water quality, nutrient recycling, reduced sedimentation, carbon sequestration, and enhanced wildlife habitat, in addition to traditional agricultural commodities. Ultimately, however, the resulting mix of ecosystem services and commodity outputs from privately owned rural agricultural landscapes depends on the spatial pattern of land uses emerging from land use decisions by the landowners or land managers. Thus, understanding the connections and resulting tradeoffs among agricultural and environmental policies, landowner decision-making processes, and environmental outcomes is an important step in structuring policies and incentives that target ecosystem service generation and overall environmental quality, without undermining agricultural productivity. Virtual Watershed is an Internet-based watershed planning tool aimed at improving that understanding. The model is built by integrating several important systems-related tools (multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, agent-based programming, and environmental/hydrologic simulation) in an effort to capture the dynamic interactions among economic and ecological conditions, public policies, land manager behavior and demographics, and historical land use patterns.
Prevalence of Depression in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Metabolism or Undiagnosed Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Meta-analyses have shown that the risk for depression is elevated in type 2 diabetes. Whether this risk in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) or undiagnosed diabetes (UDD) is elevated relative to normal glucose metabolism (NGM) or decreased relative to previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes (PDD) has not been the subject of a systematic review/meta-analysis. This study examined the prevalence of depression in IGM and UDD subjects relative to each other and to NGM and PDD subjects by reviewing the literature and conducting a meta-analysis of studies on this topic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched for articles published up to May 2010. All studies that compared the prevalence of depression in subjects with IGM and UDD were included. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed and random-effects models. RESULTS The meta-analysis showed that the risk for depression was not increased in IGM versus NGM subjects (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.08). Risk for depression did not differ between individuals with UDD and individuals with either NGM (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.71–1.25) or IGM (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.88–1.54). Finally, individuals with IGM or UDD both had a significantly lower risk of depression than individuals with PDD (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.73, and OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.45–0.74, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results of this meta-analysis show that the risk of depression is similar for NGM, IGM, and UDD subjects. PDD subjects have an increased risk of depression relative to IGM and UDD subjects.
Hamiltonian Fast Marching: A Numerical Solver for Anisotropic and Non-Holonomic Eikonal PDEs

We introduce a generalized Fast-Marching algorithm, able to compute paths globally minimizing a measure of length, defined with respect to a variety of metrics in dimension two to five. Our method applies in particular to arbitrary Riemannian metrics, and implements features such as second order accuracy, sensitivity analysis, and various stopping criteria. We also address the singular metrics associated with several non-holonomic control models, related with curvature penalization, such as the Reeds-Shepp’s car with or without reverse gear, the Euler-Mumford elastica curves, and the Dubins car. Applications to image processing and to motion planning are demonstrated.
The Geothermal System Near Paisley Oregon: A Tectonomagmatic Framework for Understanding the Geothermal Resource Potential of Southeastern Oregon

vii LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF FIGURES . xv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Project Background . 2 Location . 2 Methodology . 3 Previous Studies . 5 References Cited . 8 CHAPTER TWO: CENOZOIC TECTONOMAGMATIC HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN BASIN AND RANGE AND SOUTHEASTERN OREGON . 10 Introduction . 10 Late-Cretaceous to Mid-Eocene . 11 The Laramide Orogeny . 11 Eocene Magmatism in Eastern Oregon, Washington and Idaho . 12 Late-Eocene to Early-Miocene . 15 Mid-Tertiary Ignimbrite Flare-Up . 16 The John Day Formation of Central Oregon . 17
El Sistema: Orchestrating Venezuela's Youth

Introduction PART ONE: The Institution and Its Leaders 1. El Maestro: Jose Antonio Abreu 2. Gustavo Dudamel and the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra 3. Organizational Features and Dynamics 4. Demographics and Development PART TWO: Music Education 5. The Orchestra in Theory and Practice 6. Learning and Teaching in El Sistema PART THREE: Social Education 7. Social Action through Music 8. Social Inclusion and Discipline 9. Democracy, Teamwork, Competition, and Meritocracy 10. Realities, Dreams, and Revolutions PART FOUR: Impact 11. The Politics and Economics of Impact 12. Impact on Venezuelan Cultural Life 13. Advances, Alternatives, and the Future Notes Bibliography Index
Actuating a Magnetic Shape Memory Element Locally with a Set of Coils

The local actuation of a magnetic shape memory (MSM) element as used in an MSM micropump is considered. This paper presents the difference between an electromagnetic driver and a driver that uses a rotating permanent magnet. For the magnetic field energy of the permanent magnetic drive, the element takes in a significant stray field. In a particular case, energy reduction was 12.7 mJ. For an electromagnetic drive with an identical size of the MSM element, the total magnetic field energy created by the system was 2.28 mJ. Attempts to experimentally nucleate twins in an MSM element by energizing an electromagnetic drive failed even though the local magnetic field exceeded the magnetic switching field. The energy variation is an order of magnitude smaller for the electromagnetic drive, and it does not generate the necessary driving force. It was assumed in previous work that the so-called magnetic switching field presents a sufficient requirement to nucleate a twin and, thus, to locally actuate an MSM element. Here, we show that the total magnetic field energy available to the MSM element presents another requirement.
Lessepsian Migration: The Influx of Red Sea Biota into the Mediterranean by Way of the Suez Canal

Conspectus. - Conspectus. - 1. "Lessepsian Migration". - 2. The Structure of the Book. - 3. A Preamble to the Conclusions. - Dynamic Zoogeography. - 1. The Historical Background. - 1.1 The Tethys and the Origins of the South West Asiatic Barrier. - 1.2 The Pleistocene of the Eastern Mediterranean. - 1.3 The Pleistocene of the Red Sea. - 1.4 The Pleistocene and Postpleistocene History of the Isthmus of Suez. - 1.5 The Problem of the Pre-Lessepsian Migrants Through the Isthmus of Suez. - 1.6 The Sirbonic Lagoon (Sabkhat el Bardawil). - 2. The Suez Canal. - 2.1 The Building of the Canal, Its Physical Features. - 2.2 History of Research. - 2.3 The Hydrography of the Suez Canal. - 2.4 The Bottom of the Suez Canal. - 2.5 The Biota of the Suez Canal. - 2.6 History of the Population of the Canal. - 2.7 Species Diversity in the Suez Canal. - 2.8 Reproduction and Sizes of Animals in the Suez Canal. - 2.9 The Metahaline Environments of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. - 3. The Migrant Biota. - 3.1 What is a Lessepsian Migrant? - 3.2 The Levant Basin of the Mediterranean. - 3.3 The Levant Shore-the Core Area of the Lessepsian Immigration. - 3.4 The Analysis of Lessepsian Migration-Methodology. - 3.5 Time-Distance Analysis. - 3.6 The Diversity of Lessepsian Migrants. - 3.7 Analysis of the Colonizing Success of Lessepsian Migrants. - 3.8 Zoogeographical Consequences and the Future of Lessepsian Migration. - 3.9 Faunal Movements from the Mediterranean into the Red Sea-Anti-Lessepsian Migration. - 3.10 The Model of Lessepsian Migration and Other Inter-Oceanic Contacts. - Plates. - Taxonomic Index. - Subject and Geographical Index.
Major paleoceanographic changes recorded in Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian sediments in the Western Tethys and in the North Atlantic: possible response to intense tectonic activity

(1) ETH Zurich, Department of Earth Sciences, Sonneggstrasse 5, Zurich, Switzerland (martino.giorgioni@erdw.ethz.ch), (2) University of Zurich, Palaeontological Institute, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, (3) Universita di Urbino, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Uomo, dell’Ambiente e della Natura, Campus Scientifico localita Crocicchia, 61209 Urbino, Italy, (4) Universita degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy