Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Analysis of Stability Variations in Active Queue Management Techniques

This Congestion is important issue researchers are focusing on in the transmission control protocol (TCP). Congestion control algorithms are used to ensure the stability of the entire network has been studied in detail. The queue management method used by routers is one of the following important topics of the congestion control study. Active queue management (AQM) is already proposed as a router-based method for initial detection and identification congestion. We have explored the stability and vibrational performance of several AQM techniques such as Adaptive Random Early Detection (RED), Active Virtual Queue (AVQ) and Proportional Integrator (PI) with Drop Tail (DT), tagging random exponential technique (REM, including RED variants such as RED, soft RED (GRED) and nonlinear RED (NLRED), adaptive RED (ARED), refined ARED (Re-ARED). In contrast to other methods, RED is able to stabilize the target value and generate more flux while minimizing vibration in NS2.
Scheduling stochastic tasks on heterogeneous cloud platforms under budget and deadline constraints

: This work introduces scheduling strategies to maximize the expected number of independent tasks that can be executed on a cloud platform within a given budget and under a deadline constraint. The cloud platform is composed of several types of virtual machines (VMs), where each type has a unit execution cost that depends upon its characteristics. The amount of budget spent during the execution of a task on a given VM is the product of its execution length by the unit execution cost of that VM. The execution length of tasks follow an exponential, uniform or lognormal probability distribution whose mean and standard deviation both depend upon the VM type. Finally, there is a global available budget and a deadline constraint, and the goal is to successfully execute as many tasks as possible before the deadline is reached or the budget is exhausted (whichever comes ﬁrst). On each VM, the scheduler can decide at any instant to interrupt the execution of a (long) running task and to launch a new one, but the budget already spent for the interrupted task is lost. The main questions are which VMs to enroll, and whether and when to interrupt tasks that have been executing for some time. We assess the complexity of the problem by showing its NP-completeness and providing a 2-approximation for the asymptotic case where budget and deadline both tends to inﬁnity. We introduce several heuristics and compare their performance by running an extensive set of simulations.
Information Technology in Small Business: Issues and Challenges

INTRODUCTION Research into the use of information technology (IT) in small businesses is extremely diverse. It encompasses the many different characteristics of small businesses, including size, culture, business strategy, attitudes to IT, industry and location, to name a few. The authors in this book have contributed chapters that address many of these characteristics of small businesses. This chapter provides an introduction to many of the areas covered in the book.
Environmental Factors Influencing Tree Species Regeneration in Different Forest Stands Growing on a Limestone Hill in Phrae Province, Northern Thailand

Improved knowledge of the environmental factors affecting the natural regeneration of tree species in limestone forest is urgently required for species conservation. We examined the environmental factors and tree species characteristics that are important for colonization in diverse forest stands growing on a limestone hill in northern Thailand. Our analysis estimated the relative influence of forest structure and environmental factors on the regeneration traits of tree species. We established sixty-four 100-m 2 plots in four forest stands on the limestone hill. We determined the species composition of canopy trees, regenerating seedlings, and saplings in relation to the physical environment. The relationships between environmental variables and tree species abundance were assessed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and we used generalized linear mixed models to examine data on seedling/sapling abundances. The CCA ordination indicated that the abundance of tree species within the mixed deciduous forest was closely related to soil depth. The abundances of tree species growing within the sink-hole and hill-slope stands were positively related to the extent of rocky outcropping; light and soil moisture positively influenced the abundance of tree species in the hill-cliff stand. Physical factors had a greater effect on tree regeneration than did factors related to forest structure. Tree species, such as Ficus macleilandii, Dracaena cochinchinensis, and Phyllanthus mirabilis within the hill-cliff or sink-hole stand, colonized well on large rocky outcroppings that were well illuminated and had soft soils. These species regenerated well under conditions prevailing on the limestone hill. The colonization of several species in other stands was negatively influenced by environmental conditions at these sites. We found that natural regeneration of tree species on the limestone hill was difficult because of the prevailing combination of physical and biological factors. The influence of these factors was species dependent, and the magnitude of effects varied across forest stands.
Detection of False Targets in a Full-Polarization Radar Network Under Deception Jamming

This study investigates the target detection and discrimination method in the presence of deceptive jamming using a full-polarization radar network. Within the target detection framework by multiple radars with full-polarization capabilities, we formulate the problem of detecting false targets as a multivariate hypothesis testing task. Based on the generalized likelihood ratio test, we propose a two-stage detection scheme comprising a predetection stage at each radar system and a discrimination stage at the information fusion center. The predetection step is crucial when interference signals cannot deceive all radars. The discrimination stage exploits spatial distinctions in polarization scattering properties between physical and false targets. By leveraging the capabilities of full-polarization radar for acquiring and processing target polarization information, along with the multiview observation potential of radar networks, our proposed approach can obtain more comprehensive scattering information about physical and false targets as well as their differences, thereby achieving enhanced accuracy in target discrimination. We validate the effectiveness of our algorithm through Monte Carlo experiments.
Safe Autonomous Exploration and Adaptive Path Planning Strategy Using Signed Distance Field

Autonomous exploration in unknown environment has remained challenging due to unexpected collisions, stuckness and slowdowns around obstacles. This paper reports a novel approach based on Signed Distance Field (SDF), to optimize path planning algorithms and autonomous exploration strategy for safe and adaptive navigation in search and rescue missions. A quantitative criterion is established for evaluating the safety of planned trajectories. Simulation results show that the proposed SDF-A* path planner outperforms traditional methods with a 30.10% increase in path safety (i.e. average distance from robot to obstacles) and a 64.11% reduction in time consumption; The proposed text SDF-based Safe Autonomous Exploration Strategy, combined with SDF-A* path planner, outperform traditional methods, leading to significant increases (47.06%) in path safety and reductions (44.75% and 15.32%) in exploration time and path length, respectively. The viability, efficiency, and safety of the proposed methods are further validated through text real-world experiments on a text three-wheeled differential steering robot equipped with Jetson Nano and RPLIDAR-A3 lidar. Results show that the proposed approach adapts to different indoor environments and map configurations without prior parameter settings.
Sentiment Analysis of Political Party News on the Online News Portal Detik.com Using LSTM and CNN

The online news portal Detik.com contains numerous articles discussing specific political parties. The development of a sentiment analysis model can be used to analyze political party news data on Detik.com and identify the sentiments expressed in the data. Web scraping method was employed to gather a dataset consisting of 19,463 rows. The data labeling process was conducted in four stages by multiple individuals. Sentiment analysis of the political party news data from Detik.com utilized a combination of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, along with Word2Vec and FastText word embedding vectors. The Word2Vec-CNN-LSTM model achieved the highest average accuracy, which was 69.39%. The same model also attained the highest maximum accuracy, reaching 70.46%. Evaluation of the model revealed that the combination of LSTM and CNN models performed exceptionally well on news articles with a large number of relevant sentiment words, but exhibited lower accuracy on articles with fewer relevant sentiment words. FastText word embedding vectors demonstrated better performance in predicting non-neutral labeled text data, while Word2Vec exhibited superior performance in predicting neutral text data.
Clinically Recognized Depression and Mental Health Treatment in a Single Center Cohort of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Introduction In this study, we investigated the prevalence of depression, depression treatment, and symptom burden in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and examined their associations with the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale revised (CESD-R) scores. Methods The Prospective Registry in Scleroderma at Massachusetts General Hospital (PRISM) is a longitudinal registry of patients with SSc. Among participants with CESD-R score ≥ 16, indicating possible depression, a chart review was performed for mental health diagnoses and treatments. We examined the relation of demographic and clinical factors to the presence of mental health diagnoses or treatment using logistic regression. We evaluated the association of SSc symptoms and the COVID-19 pandemic with a CESD-R score using quantile regression. Results Of 214 patients enrolled in PRISM, 129 participants (38% diffuse and 59% limited) completed at least one CESD-R questionnaire. In the first survey, 29% had possible depression (CESD − R ≥ 16) and 16% had probable depression (CESD − R ≥ 23). Of 20 participants with probable depression, 90% received treatment for a mood disorder. In a multivariable logistic regression model among participants with CESD − R ≥ 16, none of the evaluated variables (CESD-R score, age, gender, employment status, race, and ethnicity) was associated with mental health diagnosis or treatment. Higher baseline dyspnea index, modified Rodnan skin score, and the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal total score and subscores were associated with higher CESD-R score. Conclusion In this single-center cross-sectional study, 16% of participants had significant depressive symptoms. Dyspnea, extent of skin involvement, and gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with depression symptoms.
Diversity of Saint Helena Island and zoogeography of zoantharians in the Atlantic Ocean: Jigsaw falling into place

Diversity surveys in isolated sites, such as oceanic islands, provide biogeographic data that can improve our analyses and knowledge of evolutionary processes in the oceans. Zoantharians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) are common and widespread components of shallow-water reefs, but distributional analyses are scarce for this group. In this study, we collected Zoantharia specimens from around Saint Helena Island (STH) in the mid-Atlantic and identified species using external morphology and molecular data. Moreover, we compiled and analysed the most comprehensive distributional data for zoantharian species in the subtropical and tropical Atlantic Ocean to date. Our results show eight zoantharian species in STH, which includes seven new records for STH waters. Furthermore, all families and genera of the suborder Brachycnemina recorded are widespread in the Atlantic Ocean, including at least four amphi-Atlantic species. The Caribbean is the richness centre in the Atlantic Ocean for zoantharian species, a pattern similar to that observed for many other subtropical/tropical marine taxa. However, Zoantharia may have a lower endemism rate in some areas than other common reef animals, for example zooxanthellate scleractinian corals and reef fishes. Moreover, zoantharian species have a more extensive distribution than close-related taxa such as zooxanthellate scleractinian corals and hydrocorals in the Atlantic Ocean.
POLYMORPHISM Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) PRIMERS FOR GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR POOTI PLANTS (Hopea gregaria)

Pooti (Hopea gregaria) is a medium size tree that can grow up to 35 m from the Dipterocarpaceae family. Since 1998, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has reported the pooti tree as endangered, and the species has a narrow distribution, found only in Southeast Sulawesi. One of the efforts to overcome the rarity of the Pooti plant is through a tree breeding program. However, this tree breeding program will only be successful with the support of genetic diversity information. The study of genetic diversity can be done using a molecular-based approach using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Samples of Pooti leaves used in the study were taken from Botanical Forest Park Nipa-Nipa (Tahura) and Protected Forest Nanga-Nanga, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. A total of 50 samples were extracted using the CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) method. Ten types of primers that have been carried out obtained seven primers that can produce bright polymorphic bands and can be continued for study genetic diversity, namely UBC 810, UBC 813, UBC 814, UBC 822, UBC 823, UBC 827, and UBC 830.
Landscape justice: creating stakeholders’ rights and responsibilities in utilizing and managing conservation forests in jeneberang watershed upstream

The government has organized state forest areas to be managed with specific management objectives, so that forest ecosystem services can be produced sustainably. On the other hand, this arrangement limits the access of local communities whose livelihoods depend on the forest. The dynamics of land use change in conservation forest areas due to pressure from local communities and non-forestry sectors have, over the past ten years, led to environmental problems such as: forest degradation, water crisis, floods and droughts, and erosion. This paper examines the concept of sovereignty and the concept of forest tenure as principles of creating rights and responsibilities in relation to sustainable and equitable forest utilization and management. This is particularly important in the context of developing forest governance based on landscape justice. This paper recommends the reconstruction of forest landuse, from a fractional basis to a landscape-based watershed area.
Impact of Adding Chitosan and Probiotic to Broiler Dietary on Productive Performance

This study was conducted at animal production farms at Kosar Agricultural Research Company in Arbil from July 20, 2022, to August 24, 2022 (35 days). This study aims to examine the impact of adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers on their productive performance. A total of 144 unsexed broiler chicks from Ross 308 were used in this study. The chicks were of average weight (43 g) at one-day old. These chicks were divided into six treatments with three replicates (8 per treatment). The first treatment was without any addition (control treatment); the second treatment was adding 1 g/kg of probiotic; the third treatment was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan; the fourth treatment was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan; the fifth treatment was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic; and the sixth treatment was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic. The foundation of this study was that there was a significantly increasing (P< 0.05) in the live body weight for T5, and a significantly increasing (P< 0.05) in the average of weight gain for T1. The average feed consumption for T2 and T3 improved significantly (P< 0.05), and the average FCR for T2 and T3 improved significantly (P< 0.05). According to the findings of this study, adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers improved their productivity.
Effect of The Critical Period and Gene Silencing on Blood Cellular Traits in Local Chicken and Level of Welfare

The study aimed to tame the ferocious local chickens and calm them down by changing the behavioral or genetic factors and improving the blood traits that are reflected in the level of welfare. 144 one-day-old chicks were used from local chickens White and (36) broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into six treatments with four replicates for each treatment (24 chicks for treatment, 6 chicks for replicates) as follows: T1 was a control treatment consisting of 24 local chicks, T2 welfare treatment consisting of 24 local chicks,T3 consisted of 25% broilers + 75% local chicks, T4 consisted of 50% broilers + 50% local chicks, and T5 consisted of From 75% broiler chickens + 25% local chicks, and T6 siRNA consisting of 24 local chicks White, was using silencing of the corticosterone hormone pathway to the (CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 genes) by injected in the jugular vein at the age of 16 and 18 weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), and White Blood Cells (BWC). and significant improvement (P≤0.05) in Platelets for T6 compared with other treatments, a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in the level of heterophil /lymphocytes for T6 compared to other treatments. That there is an effect of the critical period and gene silencing on blood traits that have a final effect on the level of welfare chickens.
Bioactivity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Alcoholic Extract of Walnut Tree Bark Juglans Regia Against Thielaviopsis Paradoxa and Thielaviopsis Punctulata in vitro

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were biologically synthesized by the alcoholic extract of the bark of the walnut tree Juglans regia by adding 30 ml of the extract at a concentration of 10,000 ppm to 150 ml of a freshly prepared magnesium nitrate solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7 at a temperature of 30 °C in the dark. The causal agent has been characterized molecularly. Microscopic examination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the formation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with a uniform size of 28.55 nm. The results of testing the effectiveness of magnesium oxide nanoparticles showed efficiency in inhibiting the growth of two fungi, Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Thielaviopsis punctulata, as the average effective concentration in each of the two fungi was 79.43 ppm. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using an alcoholic extract of walnut bark, providing an alternative method for the fabrication of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The manufacture of nanoparticles using plant extracts is an important alternative method because it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly.
DESI Survey Validation Data in the COSMOS/Hyper Suprime-Cam Field: Cool Gas Trace Main-sequence Star-forming Galaxies at the Cosmic Noon

We present the first result in exploring the gaseous halo and galaxy correlation using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey validation data in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and Hyper Suprime-Cam field. We obtain multiphase gaseous halo properties in the circumgalactic medium by using 115 quasar spectra (signal-to-noise ratio > 3). We detect Mg ii absorption at redshift 0.6 < z < 2.5, C iv absorption at 1.6 < z < 3.6, and H i absorption associated with the Mg ii and C iv. By crossmatching the COSMOS2020 catalog, we identify the Mg ii and C iv host galaxies in 10 quasar fields at 0.9< z < 3.1. We find that within the impact parameter of 250 kpc, a tight correlation is seen between the strong Mg ii equivalent width and the host galaxy star formation rate. The covering fraction f c of the strong Mg ii selected galaxies, which is the ratio of the absorbing galaxy in a certain galaxy population, shows significant evolution in the main-sequence galaxies and marginal evolution in all the galaxy populations within 250 kpc at 0.9 < z < 2.2. The f c increase in the main-sequence galaxies likely suggests the coevolution of strong Mg ii absorbing gas and the main-sequence galaxies at the cosmic noon. Furthermore, Mg ii and C iv absorbing gas is detected out of the galaxy virial radius, tentatively indicating the feedback produced by the star formation and/or the environmental effects.
Study of The Body Composition and Oxidation Indices in Some of Salmon Products Imported to Iraq

The research aimed to study some oxidation evidences and analyze the body components of salmon fish products imported to Iraq, namely: cubes, fingers, whole fish without head and tail, rings, and fillets to determine their suitability for human consumption. The products were obtained from the King of Fish and Meat company (K.F. M.), the exclusive agent in Iraq, and all products were within one meal and date, and the validity of each product was from 5/10/2021 to 4/7/2022, and the results were as follows: significant differences were recorded in the percentages of moisture, protein, fat and ash, the salmon fish products mentioned above contained a moisture percentage of T1 cubes 71.24, T2 fingers 70.72, T3 whole fish without head and tail 69.25, T4 rings 65.12 and T5 fillets 65.08% respectively, and the percentage of protein for salmon fish products were 20.05, 22.38, 22.46, 18.95 and 18.30% respectively, while the percentage of fat was 9.25, 9.73, 12.42, 13.60 and 11.28% respectively, and the percentages of ash were 1.13, 1.34, 1.29, 1.55 and 1.09% and the percentages were all within the permissible limits. The results of the oxidation indicators showed that no significant differences (0.05 <p) were recorded for the test of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), while the values of the peroxide value (PV) were within the recommended limits.
Effect of Polymorphism of the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Gene on some Productive Traits of Iraqi Local White Chickens

This study targeted to study the multiple manifestations of the NPY gene and to study the possible effect of this gene on the growth and productive traits of the local white Iraqi chicken birds. The results of the study showed that the genotype DD had a significantly excelled at the level (P > 0.01) over the genotype II in the average weight of the first egg (gm). and the characteristic of body weight at maturity (gm), Weight of the first egg for genotype DD was 33.95 ± 0.62 gm and 30.73 ± 0.66 gm for genotype II, While the average body weight at sexual maturity was 1420.60 ± 24.36gm and 1243.15 ± 17.83gm for genotypes DD and II, respectively. The average age at sexual maturity in days, a distinction is noted for the genotype II in the traits of early age at sexual maturity, reaching 131.5 ± 0.99 days for the genotype II and 151.19 ± 1.23 days for the genotype DD. The genotype II had a significant superiority at the level (P < 0.01) on the genotype DD in the characteristic of egg production for a period of 100 days, where the rate of eggs produced for the genotype II was 60.06 ± 1.812 eggs, while it was 44.53 ± 2.032 eggs for the genotype DD.