Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holocene coastal stratigraphy, coastal changes and potential palaeoseismological implications inferred from geo-archives in Central Chile (29–32° S)

Coastal geomorphology and the stratigraphy of coastal geoarchives record past coastal and fl uctuations of coastal environments. In addition, these archives potentially store traces of past extreme events such as earthquakes and tsunamis, severe storms, and major fl oodings of the coastal hinterland, e.g. due to El Niño conditions. Studying their characteristics may thus improve the knowledge of past frequency and magnitude patterns of such extreme events. For instance, large scaled spatial information about past earthquakes is needed for the understanding and estimation of seismo-tectonic processes. Misinterpretations in the size of preceding earthquakes may lead to incorrect strain balance estimations along megathrusts. Thus, fundamental research on the occurrence of past earthquakes is needed, which can be refl ected in sudden or long-term coastal changes. Using sedimentological, geomorphological and microfaunal evidence, coeval geomorphodynamic and palaeoenvironmental changes at four different locations between 29° 50′ and 32° 20′ S in Central Chile were identifi ed in estuary systems, coastal swamps and coastal plains. The results may represent possible indirect evidence for palaeoseismicity, affecting the coastal system by vertical tectonic movements. Changes of coastline elevation, morphodynamic activity and/or coastal environments, as well as the formation of a liquefaction layer took place during the last c. 400 years. Moreover, major fl ooding events related to strong El Niño conditions are assumed to have infl uenced the coastal stratigraphy by depositing high energy fl uvial deposits. Our results suggest that the coastal environment, geomorphology and stratigraphy are considerably infl uenced by tectonic processes in the study area; a relation of the presented fi ndings to the 1730 Great Valparaíso Earthquake is assumed. In general, the fi ndings may encourage the implementation of comparable detailed studies, which may ultimately contribute to a better understanding of the Holocene coastal evolution and its relation to palaeoseismicity in Central Chile.
Kaupapa Maori Meets Retrospective Cohort

Ko te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga, he āta tātari i nga āhuatanga Māori i whai wāhi atu ki te rangahautanga tirotiro i te pānga mai o te noho kore mahi ki te hauora o te tangata. Koia nei tētahi wāhanga o te kaupapa matua a Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, i tapaina te ingoa Mauri Mahi Mauri Ora, Mauri Noho Mauri Mate: Te pānga mai o te kore mahi me te whakamutua o te mahi ki te hauora o te tangata. Ahakoa he matatini ngā tikanga rangahau, ko te kaupapa Māori te tūāpapa. Ka tirohia te whaihua o tēnei huarahi rangahau me te mōhio anō, kāore i tutuki pai te mahi, mehemea kāore i whāia tēnei huarahi e tūāpapa mai ana i te ao Māori me ōna tikanga. This paper discusses the Māori processes and methodology that have surrounded a seemingly typical epidemiological cohort study of the health effects of redundancy. Kaupapa Māori is the central paradigm that underlies this research. Kaupapa Māori is a strategy for selecting research topics and themes. This strategy can facilitate a positive difference for Māori training and mentoring Māori researchers and assist in developing more appropriate methods for working with Māori communities. "Mauri Mahi, Mauri Ora, Mauri Noho, Mauri Mate: The health effects of unemployment and redundancy" is a major research programme for Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare. The programme takes a multimethods approach to this research topic. The retrospective cohort study is a project within this programme. While this study uses a standard research tool, the research reflects Māori processes. These are examined in terms of enhancing research outcomes by decreasing the risk of scientific colonialism. It is unlikely that these processes would normally be reported. However, it is our contention that the study would not have been possible if the researchers and the research were not centered in te Ao Māori. It is the impact of this centering that we explore here.
Morphometric of the Nazas-Rodeo river watershed in Durango, Mexico, by geographical tecnology systems

Data on watershed morphometrics are necessary to estimate the hydrological and erosion potential of the anthropogenic and natural phenomena. The objective of the study was to determine morphometric parameters (shape, terrain, drainage) of the Nazas-Rodeo watershed through geospatial technology (GT). The shape analysis showed that the watershed is oval-oblongrectangular, with rapid rainfall drainage. Although the hypsometric curve showed that 49 % of the watershed area has a plain to undulating terrain, the terrain data showed a low massiveness coefficient (0.16), corresponding to a mountainous area. The shape of the curve indicated the aged state of the area whose erosion, by weathering and geological activity, has produced the current watershed shape. The drainage network has six stream levels and the drainage density is moderate (0.53 km km -2 ) with a rapid concentration time (17.7 h). The TG automate calculations characterizing morphometric detail the topography and the hydrological network, allowing inferences about the physical state which is the watershed.
Consecinte cantitative ale modelului farmacologic al actiunii anticoagulantelor orale explorate prin simulare computerizat˘a

Controlul r˘aspunsului terapeutic la administrareaanticoagulantelor orale constituie o problem˘a ˆinc˘anerezolvat˘a satisf˘ac˘ator, peste 6% din pacien¸tiianticoagula¸ti suferind anual un evenimenthemoragic major, aproape 1% decedˆand ca urmarea tratamentului, iar nivelul de anticoagulare ﬁindmen¸tinut ˆintre limite terapeutice, ˆin ansamblu,doar 60% din timp.Numeroase studii recente prezint˘a rezultatecantitative ale unor aspecte izolate defarmacocinetic˘a ¸si farmacodinamic˘a aanticoagulantelor orale. Sistemul de simulareprezentat ˆin aceast˘a lucrare integreaz˘a rezultateleprivind: absorb¸tia ¸si distribu¸tia enantiomerilor R ¸siS ai acenocumarolului ¸si warfarinei, variet˘at¸ilegenetice ale elimin˘arii acestora datorate mutat¸iilorgenetice ale citocromului P-450 (CYP2C9), efectulasupra vitamin-K
Self‐efficacy and healthcare costs in patients with chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract Aims This study aims to explore possible associations between self‐efficacy and healthcare and drug expenditures (i.e. direct costs) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a study investigating the effects of person‐centred care delivered by telephone. Methods and results This exploratory analysis uses data from an open randomized controlled trial conducted between January 2015 and November 2016, providing remote person‐centred care by phone to patients with CHF, COPD, or both. Patients hospitalized due to worsening of CHF or COPD were eligible for the study. Randomization was based on a computer‐generated list, stratified for age ≥ 75 and diagnosis. At a 6 month follow‐up, 118 persons remained in a control group and 103 in an intervention group. The intervention group received person‐centred care by phone as an addition to usual care. Trial data were linked to register data on healthcare and drug use. Group‐based trajectory modelling was applied to identify trajectories for general self‐efficacy and direct costs. Next, associations between self‐efficacy trajectories and costs were assessed using regression analysis. Five trajectories were identified for general self‐efficacy, of which three indicated different levels of increasing or stable self‐efficacy, while two showed a decrease over time in self‐efficacy. Three trajectories were identified for costs, indicating a gradient from lower to higher accumulated costs. Increasing or stable self‐efficacy was associated with lower direct costs (P = 0.0013). Conclusions The findings show that an increased or sustained self‐efficacy is associated with lower direct costs in patients with CHF or COPD. Person‐centred phone contacts used as an add‐on to usual care could result in lower direct costs for those with stable or increasing self‐efficacy.
A Bayesian zero‐inflated beta‐binomial model for longitudinal data with group‐specific changepoints

Timeline followback (TLFB) is often used in addiction research to monitor recent substance use, such as the number of abstinent days in the past week. TLFB data usually take the form of binomial counts that exhibit overdispersion and zero inflation. Motivated by a 12‐week randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of varenicline tartrate for smoking cessation among adolescents, we propose a Bayesian zero‐inflated beta‐binomial model for the analysis of longitudinal, bounded TLFB data. The model comprises a mixture of a point mass that accounts for zero inflation and a beta‐binomial distribution for the number of days abstinent in the past week. Because treatment effects appear to level off during the study, we introduce random changepoints for each study group to reflect group‐specific changes in treatment efficacy over time. The model also includes fixed and random effects that capture group‐ and subject‐level slopes before and after the changepoints. Using the model, we can accurately estimate the mean trend for each study group, test whether the groups experience changepoints simultaneously, and identify critical windows of treatment efficacy. For posterior computation, we propose an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that relies on easily sampled Gibbs and Metropolis–Hastings steps. Our application shows that the varenicline group has a short‐term positive effect on abstinence that tapers off after week 9.
Fast System Matrix Generation Based on Single Angle Calibration in Open-Sided Field Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging

Objective: Open-sided field-free line magnetic particle imaging (OS FFL MPI) is a novel medical imaging system configuration that has received significant attention in recent years. However, the measurement-based system matrix (SM) image reconstruction for OS FFL MPI typically requires multiple angle calibration (MAC), which is time-consuming in practice. Methods: To address this issue, we propose a fast 2D SM generation method that requires only a single angle calibration (SAC). The SAC method exploits the rotational invariance of the system function. Based on the measured single angle system function, the system function is rotated to generate system functions at other angles, and then the SM for image reconstruction is constructed. Then, we conducted various simulation experiments and built an OS FFL MPI scanner to evaluate the proposed SAC method. Results: The experiments demonstrating the effectiveness of SAC in reducing calibration workload, requiring fewer scanning numbers while maintaining a similar image reconstruction quality compared to MAC method. Furthermore, the SM generated by SAC produces consistent imaging results with the SM generated by MAC, regardless of the interpolation algorithms, the number of rotation angles, or the signal-to-noise ratios employed in phantom imaging experiments. Conclusion: SAC has been experimentally verified to reduce acquisition time while maintaining accurate and robust reconstruction performance. Significance: The significance of SAC lies in its contribution to improving calibration efficiency in OS FFL MPI, potentially facilitating the implementation of MPI in a wider range of applications.
Dengue virus infection induces selective expansion of Vγ4 and Vγ6TCR γδ T cells in the small intestine and a cytokine storm driving vascular leakage in mice

Dengue is a major health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Some patients develop a severe form of dengue, called dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal. Severe dengue is associated with a transient increase in vascular permeability. A cytokine storm is thought to be the cause of the vascular leakage. Although there are various research reports on the pathogenic mechanism, the complete pathological process remains poorly understood. We previously reported that dengue virus (DENV) type 3 P12/08 strain caused a lethal systemic infection and severe vascular leakage in interferon (IFN)-α/β and γ receptor knockout mice (IFN-α/β/γRKO mice), and that blockade of TNF-α signaling protected mice. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of liver and small intestine samples collected chronologically from P12/08-infected IFN-α/β/γRKO mice in the presence/absence of blockade of TNF-α signaling and evaluated the cytokine and effector-level events. Blockade of TNF-α signaling mainly protected the small intestine but not the liver. Infection induced the selective expansion of IL-17A-producing Vγ4 and Vγ6 T cell receptor (TCR) γδ T cells in the small intestine, and IL-17A, together with TNF-α, played a critical role in the transition to severe disease via the induction of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and particularly the excess production of IL-6. Infection also induced the infiltration of neutrophils, as well as neutrophil collagenase/matrix metalloprotease 8 production. Blockade of IL-17A signaling reduced mortality and suppressed the expression of most of these cytokines, including TNF-α, indicating that IL-17A and TNF-α synergistically enhance cytokine expression. Blockade of IL-17A prevented nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in stroma-like cells and epithelial cells in the small intestine but only partially prevented recruitment of immune cells to the small intestine. This study provides an overall picture of the pathogenesis of infection in individual mice at the cytokine and effector levels.
X-ray scatter in projection radiography

Abstract Projection radiography is the most common radiological modality, and radiation safety of it concerns both radiation workers and the public. We measured and generated a series of scattered radiation maps for projection radiography and estimated effective doses of the supporting person during exposure. Measured adult patient protocols included chest posterior–anterior, chest lateral, pelvis anterior–posterior (AP), abdomen AP and bedside chest AP. Maps concretise spatial distribution and the scattered radiation dose rates in different imaging protocols. Highest and lowest rates were measured in abdomen AP and bedside chest AP protocols, respectively. The effective dose of supporting person in abdomen AP examination at distance of 0.5 m was 300 nSv and in bedside supine chest AP examination at distance of 0.7 m was 0.5 nSv. The estimated annual effective dose of emergency unit radiographer was 0.11 mSv. The obtained effective dose values are small compared to annual dose limits of radiation workers and the public.
Complete genome sequence of the probiotic Bifidobacterium adolescentis strain iVS-1

ABSTRACT Bifidobacterium adolescentis iVS-1 is a human-isolated strain known to possess several probiotic properties. Here, its genome was completely sequenced to examine genes associated with lactose metabolism and other potentially beneficial traits, such as the production of folate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Streetlight Effect in Post-Publication Peer Review: Are Open Access Publications More Scrutinized?

The Streetlight Effect represents an observation bias that occurs when individuals search for something only where it is easiest to look. Despite the significant development of Post-Publication Peer Review (PPPR) in recent years, facilitated in part by platforms such as PubPeer, existing literature has not examined whether PPPR is affected by this type of bias. In other words, if the PPPR mainly concerns publications to which researchers have direct access (eg to analyze image duplications, etc.). In this study, we compare the Open Access (OA) structures of publishers and journals among 51,882 publications commented on PubPeer to those indexed in OpenAlex database (\#156,700,177). Our findings indicate that OA journals are 33% more prevalent in PubPeer than in the global total (52% for the most commented journals). This result can be attributed to disciplinary bias in PubPeer, with overrepresentation of medical and biological research (which exhibits higher levels of openness). However, after normalization, the results reveal that PPPR does not exhibit a Streetlight Effect, as OA publications, within the same discipline, are on average 16% less prevalent in PubPeer than in the global total. These results suggest that the process of scientific self-correction operates independently of publication access status.
Active Mining Sample Pair Semantics for Image-text Matching

Recently, commonsense learning has been a hot topic in image-text matching. Although it can describe more graphic correlations, commonsense learning still has some shortcomings: 1) The existing methods are based on triplet semantic similarity measurement loss, which cannot effectively match the intractable negative in image-text sample pairs. 2) The weak generalization ability of the model leads to the poor effect of image and text matching on large-scale datasets. According to these shortcomings. This paper proposes a novel image-text matching model, called Active Mining Sample Pair Semantics image-text matching model (AMSPS). Compared with the single semantic learning mode of the commonsense learning model with triplet loss function, AMSPS is an active learning idea. Firstly, the proposed Adaptive Hierarchical Reinforcement Loss (AHRL) has diversified learning modes. Its active learning mode enables the model to more focus on the intractable negative samples to enhance the discriminating ability. In addition, AMSPS can also adaptively mine more hidden relevant semantic representations from uncommented items, which greatly improves the performance and generalization ability of the model. Experimental results on Flickr30K and MSCOCO universal datasets show that our proposed method is superior to advanced comparison methods.
Average-value estimation in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has been attracting continuous attention since it was proposed. Until now, various schemes of nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation have been developed and many of them have been experimentally demonstrated. It is known that at the end of a computation, one usually needs to estimate the average value of an observable. However, computation errors severely disturb the final state of a computation, causing erroneous average value estimation. Thus for nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation, an important topic is to investigate how to better give the average value of an observable under the condition of computation errors. While the above topic is important, the previous works in the field of nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation pay woefully inadequate attention to it. In this paper, we show that rescaling the measurement results can better give the average value of an observable in nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation when computation errors are considered. Particularly, we show that by rescaling the measurement results, $56.25\%$ of the computation errors can be reduced when using depolarizing noise model, a widely adopted noise model in quantum computation community, to analyse the benefit of our method.
Prompt Sketching for Large Language Models

Many recent prompting strategies for large language models (LLMs) query the model multiple times sequentially -- first to produce intermediate results and then the final answer. However, using these methods, both decoder and model are unaware of potential follow-up prompts, leading to disconnected and undesirably wordy intermediate responses. In this work, we address this issue by proposing prompt sketching, a new prompting paradigm in which an LLM does not only respond by completing a prompt, but by predicting values for multiple variables in a template. This way, sketching grants users more control over the generation process, e.g., by providing a reasoning framework via intermediate instructions, leading to better overall results. The key idea enabling sketching with existing, autoregressive models is to adapt the decoding procedure to also score follow-up instructions during text generation, thus optimizing overall template likelihood in inference. Our experiments show that in a zero-shot setting, prompt sketching outperforms existing, sequential prompting schemes such as direct asking or chain-of-thought on 7 out of 8 LLM benchmarking tasks, including state tracking, arithmetic reasoning, and general question answering. To facilitate future use, we release a number of generic, yet effective sketches applicable to many tasks, and an open source library called dclib, powering our sketch-aware decoders.
Understanding Tidal Marsh Sedimentation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California

ABSTRACT Over 90% of the once vast tidal-freshwater wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta have been leveed and removed from tidal and floodwater inundation. Contemporary restoration efforts breach and/or remove the levees surrounding delta islands with the goal of regaining wetland habitat. However, experience so far with levee-breaches, both planned and unplanned, has shown that the transition from shallow open water to Tule marshes occurs slowly, if at all. Sedimentation rates in tidal marshes are an important control on this transition. This two-year study examined potential controlling factors on vertical accumulation including sediment type, and inorganic and organic soil components. Measured rates of surface accretion are in excess of 10 mm/yr. Gravimetric determinations show the main control on variations in soil accretion appears to be mineral sediment accumulation, with highest rates being close to inputs from the Sacramento River and lowest rates in interior marshes in the south-central delta. Rates of organic accumulation are remarkably similar among areas. However, measurements of marsh surface elevation change reflect the volumetric contributions of soil components and appear to be influenced by interannual changes in vegetation associated with minor variations in salinity. Marshes in breached-levee sites showed higher annual rates of marsh surface elevation change than reference marshes. This study demonstrates the importance of examining volumetric rather than gravimetric contributions to marsh soils in evaluating the factors controlling the vertical development of tidal marshes.
A Practical Approach to Novel Class Discovery in Tabular Data

The problem of Novel Class Discovery (NCD) consists in extracting knowledge from a labeled set of known classes to accurately partition an unlabeled set of novel classes. While NCD has recently received a lot of attention from the community, it is often solved on computer vision problems and under unrealistic conditions. In particular, the number of novel classes is usually assumed to be known in advance, and their labels are sometimes used to tune hyperparameters. Methods that rely on these assumptions are not applicable in real-world scenarios. In this work, we focus on solving NCD in tabular data when no prior knowledge of the novel classes is available. To this end, we propose to tune the hyperparameters of NCD methods by adapting the $k$-fold cross-validation process and hiding some of the known classes in each fold. Since we have found that methods with too many hyperparameters are likely to overfit these hidden classes, we define a simple deep NCD model. This method is composed of only the essential elements necessary for the NCD problem and performs impressively well under realistic conditions. Furthermore, we find that the latent space of this method can be used to reliably estimate the number of novel classes. Additionally, we adapt two unsupervised clustering algorithms ($k$-means and Spectral Clustering) to leverage the knowledge of the known classes. Extensive experiments are conducted on 7 tabular datasets and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and hyperparameter tuning process, and show that the NCD problem can be solved without relying on knowledge from the novel classes.