Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triple Antibiotic Paste: A Suitable Medicament for Intracanal Disinfection

With increasing cases of odontogenic infections, advancements in the treatment modality gain utmost importance. Complexity in the anatomy of the root canal necessitates the selection of the correct medicament and disinfectant. Furthermore, exacerbation of the problem results due to improper cleaning and disinfection of the root canal space. In such cases, manual preparation and irrigation alone will be of no help. The treatment outcome mostly depends upon the correct selection and application of the proper intracanal disinfectant along with the proper choice of medicament. One such intracanal disinfectant is triple antibiotic paste (TAP), a mix of three antibiotics. It’s the combined effect of the three drugs mixed in the paste that makes the mix a potent antimicrobial agent effective against microbes. This review aims to evaluate the properties of TAP, its composition, its various application, and its property to help maintain the vitality of the diseased pulp. This review also talks about its drawbacks and its application in primary teeth.
Visual Object Tracking and Classification Using Multiple Sensor Measurements

Multiple sensor measurement has gained in popularity for computer vision tasks such as visual object tracking and visual pattern classification. The main idea is that multiple sensors may provide rich and redundant information, due to wide spatial or frequency coverage of the scene, which is advantageous over single sensor measurement in learning object model/feature and inferring target state/attribute in complex scenarios. This thesis mainly addresses two problems, both exploiting multiple sensor measurement. One is video object tracking through occlusions using multiple uncalibrated cameras with overlapping fields of view, the other is multi-class image classification through sensor fusion of visual-band and thermal infrared (IR) cameras. Paper A proposes a multi-view tracker in an alternate mode with online learning on Riemannian manifolds by cross-view appearance mapping. The mapping of object appearance between views is achieved by projective transformations that are estimated from warped vertical axis of tracked object by combining multi-view geometric constraints. A similarity metric is defined on Riemannian manifolds, as the shortest geodesic distance between a candidate object and a set of mapped references from multiple views. Based on this metric, a criterion of multi-view maximum likelihood (ML) is introduced for the inference of object state. Paper B proposes a visual-IR fusion-based classifier by multi-class boosting with sub-ensemble learning. In our scheme, a multi-class AdaBoost classification framework is presented where information obtained from visual and thermal IR bands interactively complement each other. This is accomplished by learning weak hypotheses for visual and IR bands independently and then fusing them as learning a sub-ensemble. Proposed methods are shown to be effective and have improved performance compared to previous approaches that are closely related, as demonstrated through experiments based on real-world datasets.
The Effects of Sputtering Time on Cds Thin Film Solar Cell Deposited by DC Plasma Sputtering Method

-CdS thin films of different thickness have been prepared by dc sputtering technique on glass slides for a window layer of solar cells. The CdS target were sputtered in different sputtering times (1,1.5,2.5,3) hrs, working pressure (2×10 -2 ) mbar and discharge voltage(2) kV.The structure of the nanoparticles films was investigated of CdS thin films by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns showed that the films were hexagonal (wurtzite) structure having strong preferential orientation along the (002) plane with particle size in the range of (41.04-41.46-41.88-42.53) nm, the peak at (002) preferred orientations of the films are shifted a little from left to right side and films converted to crystalline form. The morphology of the nanoparticles films was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) which indicates that the average grain size of CdS thin film is in the range of (41.3-44.2-51.6-50.08) nm. The roughness of films surface increases with increasing the sputtering time, which can be useful for the solar cell.
Influence of the area of the aqueduct and region of interest on quantification of stroke volume in healthy volunteers using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging

Background Phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) has been used to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics, but the influence of the area of the aqueduct and region of interest (ROI) on quantification of stroke volume (SV) has not been assessed. Purpose To assess the influence of the area of the ROI in quantifying the aqueductal SV measured with PC-MRI within the cerebral aqueduct. Material and Methods Nine healthy volunteers (mean age = 29.6 years) were enrolled in the study, and brain MRI examinations were performed on a 3.0-T system. Quantitative analysis of the aqueductal CSF flow was performed using manual ROI placement. ROIs were separately drawn for each of the 12 phases of the cardiac cycle, and changes in aqueduct size during the cardiac cycle were determined. The SV was calculated using 12 different aqueductal ROIs and compared with the SV calculated using a fixed ROI size. Results There was variation in the size of the aqueduct during the cardiac cycle. In addition, the measured SV increased with a greater area of the ROI. A significant difference in the calculated SVs with the 12 variable ROIs was observed compared with that using a fixed ROI throughout the cardiac cycle. Conclusion To establish reliable reference values for the SV in future studies, a variable ROI should be considered.
Mixing enhancement by dual speed rotating stirrer

MIXING ENHANCEMENT BY DUAL SPEED ROTATING STIRRER by Arnaud Goullet Stirring is a well-known means of fluid mixing due to the emergence of complex patterns in the flow, even at low Reynolds numbers. In this work, we consider a stirrer rotating along a circular trajectory at constant speed. The fluid flow, considered incompressible, inviscid and two dimensional (in a circular container), is modeled by a point vortex model consisting of a vortex rotating in a circular container at constant angular speed. The mixing problem is addressed by considering the Hamiltonian form of the advection equations formulated in a frame of reference moving with the vortex. The dynamics of passive fluid particles is considered using dynamical systems theory. The bifurcation diagram reveals the presence of degenerate fixed points and homoclinic/heteroclinic orbits, whose nature varies for different parameter values. By considering an initially concentrated set of marker particles and using the various structures of the phase space in the bifurcation diagram, we produce a complex dynamics which, in turn, can generate efficient mixing. The latter is studied using both numerical simulations and physical experiments. A perturbation study for one particular structure for the phase space shows the presence of a transverse homoclinic orbit as well as resonances, or a set of closed trajectories. MIXING ENHANCEMENT BY DUAL SPEED ROTATING STIRRER
Combined-Acupoint Electroacupuncture Induces Better Analgesia via Activating the Endocannabinoid System in the Spinal Cord

Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy has been widely reported to alleviate neuropathic pain with few side effects in both clinical practice and animal studies worldwide. However, little is known about the comparison of the therapeutic efficacy among the diverse EA schemes used for neuropathic pain. The present study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic efficacy discrepancy between the single and combined-acupoint EA and to reveal the difference of mechanisms behind them. Electroacupuncture was given at both Zusanli (ST36) and Huantiao (GB30) in the combined group or ST36 alone in the single group. Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) was measured to determine the pain level. Electrophysiology was performed to detect the effects of EA on synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn of the vGlut2-tdTomato mice. Spinal contents of endogenous opioids, endocannabinoids, and their receptors were examined. Inhibitors of CBR (cannabinoid receptor) and opioid receptors were used to study the roles of opioid and endocannabinoid system (ECS) in EA analgesia. We found that combined-acupoint acupuncture provide stronger analgesia than the single group did, and the former inhibited the synaptic transmission at the spinal level to a greater extent than later. Besides, the high-intensity stimulation at ST36 or normal stimulation at two sham acupoints did not mimic the similar efficacy of analgesia in the combined group. Acupuncture stimulation in single and combined groups both activated the endogenous opioid system. The ECS was only activated in the combined group. Naloxone totally blocked the analgesic effect of single-acupoint EA; however, it did not attenuate that of combined-acupoint EA unless coadministered with CBR antagonists. Hence, in the CCI-induced neuropathic pain model, combined-acupoint EA at ST36 and GB30 is more effective in analgesia than the single-acupoint EA at ST36. EA stimulation at GB30 alone neither provided a superior analgesic effect to EA treatment at ST36 nor altered the content of AEA, 2-AG, CB1 receptor, or CB2 receptor compared with the CCI group. Activation of the ECS is the main contributor of the better analgesia by the combined acupoint stimulation than that induced by single acupoint stimulation.
Optimal Search Strategy of Low-Altitude Target for Airborne Phased Array Radar Using Digital Elevation Model

The search for low-altitude targets becomes a more challenging task for airborne phased array radar, due to the limited system resources and serious ground clutter. In this article, an optimal search strategy using the digital elevation model (DEM) is proposed to allow for a fast and high-probability searches for low-altitude targets. First, a clutter-free detection region is formed by introducing the DEM. Compared with the traditional methods, the detection probability of the low-altitude targets can be improved. Second, the search problem is transformed into a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. The proposed strategy can simultaneously minimize the search time and maximize the target detection probability. Finally, two intelligent evolutionary algorithms are compared to verify the proposed strategy, and the proposed strategy is also testified by utilizing real DEM data of Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China. Simulated results indicate that the proposed optimal search framework improves the detection probability and reduces time cost for low-altitude targets.
Aberrant Expression of SIRT6 and VNN1 in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome and Its Diagnostic and Prognostic Values

Objective The objective is to explore the aberrant sirtuin-6 (SIRT6) and Vanin-1 (VNN1) protein expression in peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) of children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and its diagnostic and prognostic values. Methods 83 child patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and 65 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. The test of SIRT6 and VNN1 was performed by the Western blot. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of SIRT6 and VNN1 for child patients with NS. The logistic regression was used to analyze the association of SIRT6 and VNN1 with the prognosis of NS child patients. Results SIRT6 in monocytes in the study group was inferior versus the control, while VNN1 outweighed it. The AUC of the combined detection of SIRT6 and VNN1 for the diagnosis of NS was 0.854, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 80.7%. The AUC of combined detection of SIRT6 and VNN1 for the prognosis of NS was 0.860, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 79.2%. The logistic regression analysis showed that less than 21.09 in SIRT6 was the number of risk factors for the prognosis of NS child patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion SIRT6 and VNN1 are provided with diagnostic and prognostic values for NS.
Structure and dynamics of Saturn's atmosphere

The atmosphere of Saturn exhibits dynamical structures (jets, bands, spots, eddies) with horizontal scales ranging from one scale height (60 km) up to the planetary radius (60,000 km). Although the kinds of structures are the same as those on Jupiter, there are quantitative differences. First, Saturn's equatorial jet speed is four times greater and the jet width is two times wider than on Jupiter. Eastward jets at higher latitudes are also speedier and wider, but westward jets are slower compared with Jupiter. There are fewer spots in all size ranges, and no spot comparable in size to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. The rms eddy wind speed is lower, as is the conversion of eddy kinetic energy to zonal mean kinetic energy (the measured rate of conversion is positive but not significantly so). Saturn's convective regions, where eddy lifetimes are a few days or less, are more isolated and cover less area than on Jupiter. The basic causes of these differences have not been quantitatively identified. Basic differences between the two planets include Saturn's lower heat source, lower gravity, and consequently greater depth of atmosphere and deeper nonconducting fluid layers. Observed temperatures imply that the zonal winds decrease from cloud top upwards, but change more gradually below the cloud tops. One possibility is that zonal winds are constant on concentric cylinders that extend throughout the planet. However the observations, which are limited to cloud-top altitudes and above, do not preclude other configurations. It is remotely possible that Saturn's internal rate of rotation is different from that of its radio emissions. Dynamical models differ in their assumption about the interior and its dynamical interaction with the atmosphere. The time-dependent behavior of the large-scale structures offers a promising way of testing the models and choosing among the various assumptions.
Freedive Training Gives Additional Physiological Effect Compared to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is beneficial for lung mechanics, chest kinematics, metabolism, and inspiratory and peripheral muscle function. Freediving training (FD) can be effective in sportsmen and can improve breath-holding time. Aims: We sought to determine the effectiveness of freediving training in the pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients. Patients and methods: Twenty-three COPD patients (15 men and 8 women; median age 63 years; FEV1: 41% pred; BMI: 28 kg/m2) participated in the FD + PR group (3 weeks PR and 3 weeks FD + PR) and 46 patients with COPD (25 men and 21 women; median age 66 years; FEV1: 43% pred; BMI: 27 kg/m2) participated in an inpatient PR program (6 weeks). Patients performed comfort zone breath holding for 30 min/day. Patients increased their breath-holding time within their comfort zone for 30 min. We detected lung function, chest expansion (CWE), inspiratory muscle pressure (MIP), peripheral muscle function (GS), and exercise capacity (6MWD), and we included breath-holding time (BHT), quality of life score (COPD Assessment Test (CAT)), modified Medical Research Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score, and the severity of the disease assessed by the BODE index (FEV1, BMI, 6MWD, and mMRC) and an alternative scale (FEV1, BMI, 6MWD, and CAT). Result: There were significant differences in the characteristics of the two groups. Significant improvement was detected in all functional and quality of life parameters except lung function in both groups. Significantly higher improvement was detected in CWE, GS, 6MWD, BHT, CAT, mMRC, alternative scale, and MIP. The improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) was not significant. There were no side effects of FD training. Conclusion: The FD method can potentiate the effect of PR, improving not only BHT but also other parameters. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN13019180. Registered 19 December 2017.
Designing Novel Analogues for Emtricitabine and Docking
Study through In-Silico Approach

Diseases have always been prevalent in human society since ancient civilization. It has always been a curiosity of human being to study diseases and discover their effective and efficient remedies. Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one such disease causing and most threatening pathogen for human society. HIV destroys T-helper cells of our immune system by entering through CD4 receptor ’ s GP120 lipoprotein layer and kills them through lytic cycle thus rendering a person extremely susceptible to various other diseases. When CD4 cell count gets reduced to less than 200 units per ml of blood and antibody test of blood is found positive HIV, then this condition is known as AIDS (Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome) which eventually leads to painful death. Keeping in view the havoc and irreparable damage caused by HIV on entire human civilization, an attempt has been made Emtricitabine so as to minimize the side effects and problems caused due its uptake like liver and kidney damage. Here publicly available bioinformatics tools have provided us with quicker, cheaper and less labour intensive methods to work with the above. This is a novel finding for Emtricitabine, where by two hundred new analogues have been generated, through an open source software Chemsketch. For this work structure of Emtricitabine was downloaded from Drug bank, the interaction between analogues of Emtricitabine and their ligand reverse transcriptase was observed through popular docking software iGEM dock, the degree and binding energy, as well as favourable Lipinsky rule ’ s generation have provided us with alternate and compliment molecules to Emtracitabine. Such kind of study helps in understanding the mechanism of drug action and also designing novel drug candidate for other dreaded diseases and shows a new ray of hope in eliminating human pain and suffering.
The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement in the Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarinoma

Background The distinction between combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before the operation has an important clinical significance for optimizing the treatment plan and predicting the prognosis of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in the preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of primary liver malignant tumors. Purpose The aim is to study the value of preoperative clinical data and enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC and obtain independent risk factors for predicting cHCC-CC. Study type. Retrospective. Population. The clinical and imaging data of 157 HCC and 59 cHCC-CC patients confirmed by pathology were collected. Field Strength/Sequence. 1.5T; cross-sectional T1WI (gradient double echo sequence); cross-sectional T2WI (fast spin echo sequence, fat suppression); enhancement (3D LAVA technology). Assessment. The differences between the HCC and cHCC-CC patients were compared. Statistic Tests. Using the t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result 1. CHCC-CC was more likely to show multiple lesions than HCC (28.81% vs. 10.83%, P = 0.001) and more prone to microvascular invasion (MVI) (36.31% vs. 61.02%, P < 0.001). However, HCC had a higher incidence of liver cirrhosis than cHCC-CC (50.85% vs. 72.61%, P = 0.003). 2. The incidence of nonsmooth margin was higher in the cHCC-CC group (84.75% vs. 52.23%, P < 0.001). The incidence of peritumor enhancement in the arterial phase was higher in the cHCC-CC group (11.46% vs. 62.71%, P < 0.001) 3. According to the multivariate analysis, arterial peritumor enhancement (OR = 8.833,95%CI:4.033,19.346, P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for cHCC-CC (P < 0.001)). It had high sensitivity (62.71%) and specificity (88.54%) in the diagnosis of cHCC-CC. Date Conclusions. Liver cirrhosis and the imaging findings of GD-DTPA-enhanced MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC. In addition, the imaging sign of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cHCC-CC.
Origins of Life Research: The Conundrum between Laboratory and Field Simulations of Messy Environments

Most experimental results that guide research related to the origin of life are from laboratory simulations of the early Earth conditions. In the laboratory, emphasis is placed on the purity of reagents and carefully controlled conditions, so there is a natural tendency to reject impurities and lack of control. However, life did not originate in laboratory conditions; therefore, we should take into consideration multiple factors that are likely to have contributed to the environmental complexity of the early Earth. This essay describes eight physical and biophysical factors that spontaneously resolve aqueous dispersions of ionic and organic solutes mixed with mineral particles and thereby promote specific chemical reactions required for life to begin.
Yard wastes generation, management and utilization in nigeria

Yard waste is a major constituent of municipal solid waste (MSW) that contain elements that can be used by microorganisms during biological degradation of MSW but whose economic values are less than the cost of collection, transportation, and processing for beneficial use. It is generated from the gardens, plant nurseries, road sweepings, and so on. Yard waste generation is inevitable in any society, and it is clear that rapid urbanization has resulted in significantly more yard waste generation than previously. Gardening is common in communities, whether rural and urban, resulting in garden wastes such as leaves, wood trimmings and grass clipping. At present, most of the yard wastes in Nigeria are illegally dumped into abandoned waste lands or burn up which is very harmful and had raised concerns for the environmental and human health. However, due to a lack of corresponding policy support and management requirements for yard waste usage in Nigeria, this study proposes remedies and proposals for yard waste utilization that are appropriate for Nigeria, based on successful technologies and regulations. So based on the real situation in Nigeria, it is imperative to replace the traditional methods of yard waste management with innovative ones to promote their proper utilization.
Mosquitoes' larvicidal activity of Phoenix dactylifera Linn extracts against Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are inducers of viruses such as DENV and ZIKV when they bite a person, which could lead to clinical symptoms like fever, headache, and rashes. This contemporary study aspired to examine the insecticidal potency of different extracts of the seed of Phoenix dactylifera on larvae of Aedes aegypti . The cold maceration process was used for the extraction of an accurately weighed 100 g of the finely powdered seed of P. dactylifera plant using hexane, petroleum ether, and methanol with strong handshaking for 48 hours. Methanolic extract of P. dactylifera showed 52% mortality at 1000 ppm and 20% dead at 500 and 250 ppm, respectively, and showed no larvicidal potency at 125 ppm against the fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti . Whereas hexane and petroleum ether seed plant extracts were found to be equally less effective against the fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti species, both showed 20% and 12% at 1000 and 500 ppm, respectively. The various concentrations of P. dactylifera extracts of hexane, petroleum ether, and methanol induced the larvicidal potency (LC 50 ) after 24 h against IV instar larvae of Ae. aegypti were 2049.229, 2049.229, and 984.488 ppm, respectively. It was concluded that the seed extracts of P. dactylifera are potential candidates to be utilized as novel plant insecticides in curbing the spread of DENV and ZIKV disease vectors.