Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sharp Semiclassical Bounds for the Moments of Eigenvalues for Some Schrödinger Type Operators with Unbounded Potentials

We establish sharp semiclassical upper bounds for the moments of some negative powers for the eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian. When a constant magnetic field is incorporated in the problem, we obtain sharp lower bounds for the moments of positive powers not exceeding one for such eigenvalues. When considering a Schrodinger operator with the relativistic kinetic energy and a smooth, nonnegative, unbounded potential, we prove the sharp Lieb-Thirring estimate for the moments of some negative powers of its eigenvalues.
The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

Precursors to the 1991 Eruptions On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (comparable in size to the great 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake) struck about 60 miles (100 kilometers) northeast of Mount Pinatubo on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, shaking and squeezing the Earth’s crust beneath the volcano. At Mount Pinatubo, this major earthquake caused a landslide, some local earthquakes, and a short-lived increase in steam emissions from a preexisting geothermal area, but otherwise the volcano seemed to be continuing its 500-year-old slumber undisturbed. In March and April 1991, however, molten rock (magma) rising toward the surface from more than 20 miles (32 kilometers) beneath Pinatubo triggered small The Eruptions From June 7 to 12, the first magma reached the surface of Mount Pinatubo. Because it had lost most of the gas contained in it on the way to the surface (like a bottle of soda pop gone flat), the magma oozed out to form a lava dome but did not cause an explosive eruption. However, on June 12 (Philippine Independence Day), millions of cubic yards of gas-charged magma reached the surface and exploded in the reawakening volcano’s first spectacular eruption. When even more highly gas charged magma reached Pinatubo’s surface on June 15, the volcano exploded in a cataclysmic eruption that ejected more than 1 cubic mile (5 cubic kilometers) of material. The ash cloud from this climactic eruption rose 22 miles (35 kilometers) into the air. At lower altitudes, the ash was blown in all directions by the intense cyclonic winds of a coincidentally occurring typhoon, and winds at higher altitudes blew the ash southwestward. A blanket of A huge cloud of volcanic ash and gas rises above Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, on June 12, 1991. Three days later, the volcano exploded in the second-largest volcanic eruption on Earth in this century. Timely forecasts of this eruption by scientists from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and the U.S. Geological Survey enabled people living near the volcano to evacuate to safer distances, saving at least 5,000 lives.
GJI Geomagnetism, rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism Palaeomagnetism of Palaeozoic ultrabasic rocks from the Sudetes Mts (SW Poland): tectonic implications

SUMMARY A complex palaeomagnetic, rock-magnetic and mineralogical study of ultrabasic rocks from the Sowie Gory Block (GSB) and Jordanow-Gogolow Serpentinite Massif (JGSM) revealed the presence of several components of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). The authors found three groups of Palaeozoic as well as Triassic and Recent components of the geomagnetic field. The Palaeozoic components of NRM are carried mainly by magnetite of several genera- tions formed during several serpentinization episodes. Permo-Carboniferous component (A1) present overall the Sudetes was isolated in one JGSM and two GSB exposures, whereas the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous component (A2) was found in two exposures from the GSB. The corresponding remanent components were already revealed in palaeontologically dated sediments from other West Sudetic units. In the GSB, it was probably acquired during its unroofing dated isotopically for ca. 370-360 Ma. The newly determined group of Palaeozoic directions (A3) was found in three localities from JGSM and in two from GSB is interpreted as the oldest overprint. In JGSM, it was acquired probably shortly after the first oceanic serpentinization phase dated isotopically for ca. 400 Ma. Its acquisition in GSB corresponds to the time of emplacement of ultrabasic xenoliths dated isotopically at ca. 390 Ma. So we suppose that the mean A3 calculated for five exposures corresponds to the 380-400 Ma time span and that at that period both massifs formed one microplate. Mean inclination of A3 places this microplate at 380-400 Ma at the palaeolatitude of 23 ◦ S, whereas the West Sudetes were situated during the Early Devonian at 16 ◦ S. We suggest that during the Early Devonian the microplate comprising GSB and JGSM massifs was situated to the south from the West Sudetes and accreted them during Middle-Late Devonian.
The ACPA isotype profile reflects long-term radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis

Background The presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) is a powerful predictive factor for the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The ACPA response has been shown to consist of various isotypes, but the consequences of differences in isotype distribution have not been extensively investigated. Objective To investigate the relationship between ACPA isotypes, disease progression and radiological outcome. Methods ACPA isotypes were determined in sera of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide 2-positive patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To investigate whether the ACPA response continues to evolve during disease development, the ACPA isotype profile during progression of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) to RA was studied. The association of disease progression with ACPA isotype use was assessed using long-term radiographic follow-up data from patients with RA in two independent cohorts. Results The ACPA isotype distribution did not expand during disease progression from UA to RA, but was relatively stable over time. In both RA cohorts, the baseline ACPA isotype profile was a significant predictor of disease severity, with more isotypes indicating a higher risk of radiographic damage (odds ratio for every additional isotype: 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) p<0.001). ACPA isotypes supplied additional prognostic information to ACPA status alone, even after correction for other predictive factors. Conclusions The magnitude of the ACPA isotype profile at baseline reflects the risk of future radiographic damage. These results indicate that the presence and the constitution of the ACPA response are relevant to the disease course of RA.
A refined understanding of the paleoenvironmental history recorded at the Okanagan Centre section, an MIS 4 stratotype, south‐central British Columbia, Canada

The Okanagan Centre section is the stratotype for marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4 sediments (Okanagan Centre Drift) in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. Previous work suggested that these sediments record two glacial and two interglacial cycles. This study reports on detailed sedimentological and geochronological investigations of lithostratigraphic units comprising the Okanagan Centre sequence, revealing successive deposition of subaqueous and subaerial outwash, a subglacial till and glaciolacustrine sediments during MIS 4. A limiting optical age of 113 ± 8 ka defines the base of this sequence. Sedimentological, paleopedological, optical dating and tephrochronological data from sediments near the middle of the sequence reveal soil development (MIS 3) in eolian sediments deposited on a river terrace overlying a deglaciated surface. Within these sediments, identification of Mt. St. Helens set C tephra suggest sedimentation between 50 and 35k 14C a BP. Optical dating corroborates the tephrochronology and suggests that this surface formed after ∼52 ± 7 ka. The record of MIS 2 glaciation is restricted to deglaciation, and overlies MIS 3 sediments above an unconformity possibly related to regional subglacial meltwater erosion. Eolian sediments containing Mt Mazama set O tephra (∼7.62k cal a BP) cap the sequence.
The Origin of Obsidian in Predynastic and Early Dynastic Upper Egypt

The determination of the origin of obsidian found in Egypt constitutes an important problem for the study of contacts and exchanges during the early periods, since potential sources are relatively numerous and located in the Near East as well as in East Africa. The paper presents the result of LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses carried out on 11 obsidian objects of Predynastic and Early Dynastic date from Qaw el-Kebir, Abydos, Naqada and Hierakonpolis. The geochemical composition (trace elements ratios Th/U vs Th/Ta) of all samples corresponds to the African Rift volcanic system, including the Ethiopian and South Arabian sources. The question of the procurement of the stones is discussed and it is suggested that the Red Sea and the wadis of the Eastern Desert represent the most probable route to the Nile valley, although the rarity of this material probably indicates very sporadic contacts rather than established trade relations.
KERAGAMAN FAUNA DI AREAL PT ARUTMIN INDONESIA – NORTH PULAU LAUT COAL TERMINAL, KABUPATEN KOTABARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

PT Arutmin Indonesia - North Pulau Laut Coal Terminal (PT AI-NPLCT) adalah pelabuhan bongkar muat batubara di bawah manajemen PT Arutmin Indonesia. Fauna lingkungan darat belum pernah dipantau, karena fokus utamanya biota perairan (laut). Tujuan penelitian adalah mendata spesies aves, mamalia, dan reptilia (diurnal), amfibi (nokturnal) dan statusnya serta menganalisis kehadiran spesies di tipe habitat dan penggunaan habitat oleh spesies. Dengan metode titik kelimpahan dan penjelajahan, fauna diamati langsung secara visual, diidentifikasi berdasarkan pada suara, atau ditangkap- lepas. Parameternya adalah tipe habitat, waktu (jam, menit) kehadiran, nama spesies, dan jumlah individu. Foto digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies yang sukar diidentifikasi. Data ditabulasi dan dianalisis, sehingga diperoleh frekuensi relatif kehadiran spesies di satu tipe habitat dan frekuensi relatif penggunaan tipe habitat oleh satu spesies. Status kelindungan, keterancaman, dan keperdaganganannya pun ditentukan. Ditemukan 62 spesies fauna, tetapi 1 di antaranya belum teridentifikasi. Terdapat 2 spesies endemik Kalimantan. Frekuensi relatif kehadiran spesies di satu tipe habitat dan frekuensi relatif penggunaan habitat oleh satu spesies bervariasi. Lima belas spesies dilindungi menurut PP No. 7/1999. Satu spesies hampir punah, 4 hampir terancam, 48 sedikit diprihatinkan, dan 8 belum dinilai IUCN. Satu spesies masuk dalam Appendix I dan 5 Appendix II CITES. Bekantan adalah prioritas pelestarian. Kata kunci: fauna, frekuensi, habitat, keragaman, status
Tuvaluan: A Polynesian Language of the Central Pacific.

Tuvaluan is a Polynesian language spoken by the 9,000 inhabitants of the nine atolls of Tuvalu in the Central Pacific, as well as small and growing Tuvaluan communities in Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia. This grammar is the first detailed description of the structure of Tuvaluan, one of the least well-documented languages of Polynesia. Tuvaluan pays particular attention to discourse and sociolinguistics factors at play in the structural organization of the language.
Petroleum Oily Sludge and The Prospects of Microwave for Its Remediation

Petroleum oily sludge, a hazardous waste, which is generated in the refineries and at the production sites has been an important environment and public health issue across the globe and disposal of excess sludge will be forbidden in the near future due to stringent pollution norms. The quantity of the hydrocarbon sludge generated by the refineries and at the production sites is huge and is going to scale up further in future as the demand for petroleum product keeps on growing. Oily sludge generally comprises of a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, asphaltenes, long chain paraffinic wax, waste water, sediments and metals. Moreover as the crude reserves is depleting our refiners are aimed to extract as much valuables as possible from the crude and from the left over sludge before disposing it. The present study is aimed at the review work for possible causes of the formation of sludge and the various technologies in use for the remediation of sludge, their limitation and to review the prospects of microwave technology for the remediation of the oily sludge for improving the recovery of valuables from oily sludge and for economical, fast and eco-friendly disposal of treated sludge.
Situación de Lama Guanicoe en el Parque Nacional Llanos de Challe y su potencial como producto turístico

Resumen: El Parque Nacional Llanos de Challe, ubicado en la Region de Atacama, Chile, alberga una importante poblacion de Lama guanicoe (Muller, 1776). Este Mamifero posee una adaptabilidad excepcional a diversos habitats, desde las zonas costeras hasta el Altiplano. Sin embargo, su situacion de conservacion es catalogada como en Peligro de Extincion para esta region de Chile. La fragmentacion de su habitat, la presencia de caza ilegal y la introduccion de canes ha significado un descenso en el numero de ejemplares observados en censos llevados a cabo por la Corporacion Nacional Forestal de Chile CONAF. La conservacion de Lama guanicoe depende directamente de las acciones que las autoridades lleven a cabo en funcion de lograr un aumento de su poblacion y con ello potenciar las actividades de turismo relacionadas a la observacion de fauna silvestre. El turismo sostenible se muestra como una herramienta capaz de proporcionar difusion de la problematica que afecta a este Mamifero, ademas de entregar alternativas de desarrollo social a las comunidades locales. Palabras Clave: Turismo sostenible, guanaco, atacama. Abstract: Llanos de Challe National Park is located in the Atacama region, Chile, and it has an important population of Lama guanicoe (Muller, 1776). This mammal has exceptional adaptability to different habitats, from coastal areas to Altiplano. However, its conservation status is listed as endangered for this region of Chile. The fragmentation of habitat, illegal hunting and domestic dogs abandoned by their owners means a decline in the number of individuals observed in Census conducted by the National Forestry Service of Chile CONAF. Conserving Lama guanicoe directly dependent on the actions undertaken by the authorities in terms of achieving an increase in its population and thereby enhance tourism activities related to the observation of wildlife Sustainable tourism can be a tool able to provide information about the problem affecting this mammal, as well as providing alternative social development of local communities. Keywords: Sustainable tourism, guanaco, Atacama. Presentado: Noviembre 21, 2014. Aceptado: Diciembre 23, 2014.
Asia Rising: Growth and Resilience in an Uncertain Global Economy

Contents: Foreword Changyong Rhee Preface PART I: OVERVIEW 1. Perspectives and Issues Hal Hill and Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista PART II: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES 2. Institutions and Governance Emmanuel S. de Dios and Geoffrey M. Ducanes 3. Infrastructure Douglas H. Brooks and Eugenia C. Go 4. Productivity and Capital Accumulation Kyoji Fukao 5. Savings and Investment Charles Yuji Horioka and Akiko Terada-Hagiwara 6. Finance Shin-ichi Fukuda 7. Investment Treaties: ASEAN Diane A. Desierto PART III: COUNTRY STUDIES 8. Malaysia Tham Siew Yean 9. Indonesia Ari Kuncoro 10. India Rajendra R. Vaidya 11. People's Republic of China Siow Yue Chia 12. Thailand Bhanupong Nidhiprabha 13. Philippines Desiree A. Desierto and Geoffrey M. Ducanes Index
Identifying the optimal spatially and temporally invariant root distribution for a semiarid environment

In semiarid regions, the rooting strategies employed by vegetation can be critical to its survival. Arid regions are characterized by high variability in the arrival of rainfall, and species found in these areas have adapted mechanisms to ensure the capture of this scarce resource. Vegetation roots have strong control over this partitioning, and assuming a static root profile, predetermine the manner in which this partitioning is undertaken.A coupled, dynamic vegetation and hydrologic model, tRIBS + VEGGIE, was used to explore the role of vertical root distribution on hydrologic fluxes. Point‐scale simulations were carried out using two spatially and temporally invariant rooting schemes: uniform: a one‐parameter model and logistic: a two‐parameter model. The simulations were forced with a stochastic climate generator calibrated to weather stations and rain gauges in the semiarid Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona. A series of simulations were undertaken exploring the parameter space of both rooting schemes and the optimal root distribution for the simulation, which was defined as the root distribution with the maximum mean transpiration over a 100‐yr period, and this was identified. This optimal root profile was determined for five generic soil textures and two plant‐functional types (PFTs) to illustrate the role of soil texture on the partitioning of moisture at the land surface. The simulation results illustrate the strong control soil texture has on the partitioning of rainfall and consequently the depth of the optimal rooting profile. High‐conductivity soils resulted in the deepest optimal rooting profile with land surface moisture fluxes dominated by transpiration. As we move toward the lower conductivity end of the soil spectrum, a shallowing of the optimal rooting profile is observed and evaporation gradually becomes the dominate flux from the land surface. This study offers a methodology through which local plant, soil, and climate can be accounted for in the parameterization of rooting profiles in semiarid regions.
Climate Change-Its Impact on Agriculture

Global warming has effects and consequences on all walks of life. The consequences of global warming can be seen in the atmospheric weather, local climate change, glacier retreat and disappearance, oceans, seal level rise, acidification, forest fires, ozone depletion, agriculture, water scarcity as well as the health of individuals. An increase of 2oC in temperature could decrease the rice yield by about 0.75 t/ha and 0.5oC increase in winter temperature reduce wheat yield 0.45 t/ha. Results showed that about 7.4, 8.7 and 9.8 per cent of total cumulative CO 2 , SO 2 and NO 2 emission respectively could be avoided between 1997 and 2015 by using efficient appliances. Improved training and general education of populations dependent on agriculture. Agriculture research to develop new crop varieties. Identification of the present vulnerabilities of agricultural systems. Food programmes and other social security programmes to provide insurance against supply changes. Transportation, distribution and market integration to provide the infrastructure to supply food during crop short falls. It is imperative that the developed countries and the rapidly developing countries formulate strategies to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Countries on the fast tract of economic growth should also look at adopting new energy-saving technologies and planting of more trees. The emphasis should also be laid on increasing the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind. It is high time for leading emitters of CO 2 to formulate national programmes to address climate change. Key words: Climatic change, Agriculture, Environment, Variables Shabir Ahmad Wani et al. Climate Change-Its Impact on Agriculture. J Phytol 2/10 (2010) 82-86
Evaluation of the plankton composition in four overflow lagoons from Metica river (Puerto Lopez, Meta, Colombia)

1 Bióloga, Esp. Acuicultura, MSc Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia 2 Biólogo, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo – ICP, Pie de Cuesta, Santander 3 Médico Veterinario Zootecnista, MSc, PhD, Profesor Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Acuicultura de los Llanos – IALL, Villavicencio, Meta Colombia 4 Médico Veterinario Zootecnista, MSc, Profesor Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Acuicultura de los Llanos – IALL, Villavicencio, Meta Colombia * Grupo de Investigación sobre Reproducción y Toxicología de Organismos Acuáticos – GRITOX, Instituto de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Meta–Colombia, Convenio 00325 Unillanos – SENA. E-mail: lilimarciales@gmail.com
High‐resolution water content estimation from surface‐based ground‐penetrating radar reflection data by impedance inversion

Mapping hydrological parameter distributions in high resolution is essential to understand and simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Of particular interest is surface‐based ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) reflection imaging in electrically resistive sediments because of the expected close link between the subsurface water content and the dielectric permittivity, which controls GPR wave velocity and reflectivity. Conventional tools like common midpoint (CMP) velocity analysis provide physical parameter models of limited resolution only. We present a novel reflection amplitude inversion workflow for surface‐based GPR data capable of resolving the subsurface dielectric permittivity and related water content distribution with markedly improved resolution. Our scheme is an adaptation of a seismic reflection impedance inversion scheme to surface‐based GPR data. Key is relative‐amplitude‐preserving data preconditioning including GPR deconvolution, which results in traces with the source‐wavelet distortions and propagation effects largely removed. The subsequent inversion for the underlying dielectric permittivity and water content structure is constrained by in situ dielectric permittivity data obtained by direct‐push logging. After demonstrating the potential of our novel scheme on a realistic synthetic data set, we apply it to two 2‐D 100 MHz GPR profiles acquired over a shallow sedimentary aquifer resulting in water content images of the shallow (3–7 m depth) saturated zone having decimeter resolution.
Learning the Structure of Task-Driven Human–Human Dialogs

With the availability of large corpora of spoken dialog, it is now possible to use data-driven techniques to build and use models of task-oriented dialogs. In this paper, we use data-driven techniques to build task structures for individual dialogs, and use the dialog task structures for: dialog act classification, task/subtask classification, task/subtask prediction, and dialog act prediction. We evaluate our approach using a corpus of customer/agent dialogs from a catalog service domain. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using corpora of human-human conversation to learn dialog models suitable for human-computer dialog applications.