Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical mixing of lake sediments by tubificid oligochaetes

Vertical mixing of lake sediments by tubificid oligochaetes was studied in laboratory experiments by using a radioactive (cesium 137 labeled sediment) marker horizon. Results from these experiments were used to develop and test a mathematical model describing tubificid sediment mixing as a dominantly advective process. Tubificids were found to mix sediments to a depth of 6–9 cm. The rate of tubificid sediment processing observed in the experiments agrees well with those reported by other workers. Extrapolation of laboratory results to Lake Erie shows that the feeding activity of tubificids alone may result in significant sediment mixing throughout the lake.
Comprometimento do desenvolvimento pondo-estatural em crianças portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas com Shunt Cianogênico - doi:10.5020/18061230.2008.p98

Objective: To identify changes in the growth and physical development of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. We studied 30 children with CCHD aged 0-8 years-old. The analysed variables were: prevalence of gender involvement, type of congenital heart anomaly and anthropometric indices (Weight/Age, Height/Age and Weight/Height) which were compared with the standards values proposed for the age in accordance with the scale of growth and child development of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Results: There was a greater involvement of males and the most prevalent CCHD were the Fallot’s Tetralogy and Double transposition of the great vessels. Among children with CCHD, 90% had a lower Weight/Age index, 83% had a lower Height/Age index and 97% had a lower Weight/Height index. Conclusion: Children with CCHD show a high prevalence of growth and development retardation compared to the standard values of the NCHS. The nutritional assistance and encouragement for the practice of physical activity would have an important role in physical rehabilitation after the surgical correction of congenital heart defect in children with CCHD.
Submicron particle, radon, and soot carbon characteristics over the northeast Atlantic

Atmospheric aerosol particles (0.05μm ≤ rdry ≤ 1.5μm), 222Rn, and soot carbon mass were measured on a cruise over the Northeast Atlantic (63°N, 8°W) during October and November 1989. An accumulation mode (AM) was present in all particle data and was characterized by a lognormal size distribution with parameters N cm−3 (total number concentration), rg μm (geometric mean radius) and σg (geometric standard deviation). For aerosol associated with the “cleanest” Northeast Atlantic maritime and Arctic air masses, the AM parameters were found to be 16 cm−3 ≤ N ≤ 48 cm−3, 1.32 ≤ σg ≤ 1.46, and 0.08 μm < rg < 0.09 μm, leading to AM masses of between 0.20 μg m−3 and 0.38 μg m−3. Clean background levels of soot carbon mass for maritime and Arctic air were estimated to be around 20 ng m−3 and were associated with particle size radii r ≤ 0.15 μm. Soot carbon mass showed an excellent correlation with AM number concentration (cc=0.93), demonstrating its usefulness as an air mass tracer and as an indicator of anthropogenic pollutant transport. By comparison, radon, which is often used for this purpose, exhibited a significantly poorer correlation (cc=0.60) for this region. Approximately 9% of the total AM mass was accounted for by soot carbon, regardless of air mass origin, suggesting that early winter marine aerosol in the remote North Atlantic is primarily of anthropogenic origin.
Interoception Underlies The Therapeutic Effects of Mindfulness Meditation for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Mindfulness-based interventions have proven its efficacy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the underlying neurobiological mechanism is unknown. To determine the neurobiological mechanism of action of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) treating PTSD, we conducted a randomized clinical trial (RCT) in which 98 veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive MBSR therapy (n = 47) or present-centered group therapy (PCGT; n = 51; an active-control condition). Pre- and post-intervention measures of PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Checklist) and brain activity measures of electroencephalography (EEG) were assessed, including spectral power of spontaneous neural oscillatory activities during resting and meditation periods, time-frequency (TF) power of cognitive task-related brain responses, and TF power of heartbeat-evoked brain responses (HEBR) that reflect cardiac interoceptive brain responses during resting and meditation. Compared to controls, the MBSR group had greater improvements in PTSD symptoms, spontaneous EEG alpha (8-13 Hz) power in posterior sites, task-related frontal theta power (4-7 Hz in 140-220 ms post-stimulus), and frontal theta HEBR (3-5 Hz and 265-328 ms post-R-peak). Latent difference score modeling found that only the changes in the frontal theta HEBR mediated the MBSR treatment effect. Brain source-level analysis found that the theta HEBR changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insular cortex, and the lateral prefrontal cortex predicted PTSD symptom improvements. These results indicated that mindfulness meditation improves spontaneous brain activities reflecting internally oriented relaxation and brain functions of attentional control. However, interoceptive brain capacity enhanced by MBSR appears to be the primary cerebral mechanism that regulates emotional disturbances and improves anxiety symptoms of PTSD.
Information fusion for palmprint authentication

A palmprint can be represented using different features and the different representations reflect the different characteristic of a palmprint. Fusion of multiple palmprint features may enhance the performance of a palmprint authentication system. This paper investigates the fusion of two types of palmprint information: the phase (called PalmCode) and the orientation (called OrientationCode). The PalmCode is extracted using the 2-D Gabor filters based algorithm and the OrientationCode is computed using several directional templates. Then several fusion strategies are investigated and compared. The experimental results show that the fusion of the PalmCode and OrientationCode using the Product, Sum and Weighted Sum strategies can greatly improve the accuracy of palmprint authentication, which is up to 99.6%.
Summer 2009 thermal and bioclimatic conditions in Ebba Valley, central Spitsbergen

The thermal, anemometric and bioclimatic conditions on the topoclimatic scale were investigated in the summer season in the Ebba Valley region in central Spitsbergen. Eight measurement sites, representing different ecosystems and different types of active surfaces typical of Spitsbergen, were chosen and automatic, hourly recorded, measurements were per− formed at the sites between 11 and 25 of July 2009. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the air temperature and the wind−chill temperature, both for the days with radiation and non−ra− diation weather, indicates that the most favorable regions in the interior of Spitsbergen are those situated in the shielded central parts of the valleys and in the lower parts of the slopes with southern exposure. The thermal and wind conditions are definitely less favorable at the tops of elevations and on the glacier. Large differences between the air temperature and the wind−chill temperature were noted, particularly during the unfavorable non−radiation weather, on the glacier and on open peaks due to a large horizontal and vertical wind−chill temperature gradient. The thermal inversions observed in the Ebba Valley in July 2009 were not of the typi− cal, glacier katabatic wind origin. They appeared during the western air circulation, which brings advection of cooled air from above the cold waters of Petunia Bay. The cold air pene− trates into the valley and pushes upwards the mass of warmer air in the valley, creating a rather thin inversion layer, whose upper edge is marked with thin Stratus clouds.
Byzantine Lattice Agreement in Synchronous Systems

In this paper, we study the Byzantine lattice agreement problem in synchronous systems. The lattice agreement problem in crash failure model has been studied both in synchronous and asynchronous systems, which leads to the current best upper bound of $O(\log f)$ rounds in both systems. However, very few algorithmic results are known for the lattice agreement problem in Byzantine failure model. The paper [Nowak et al., DISC, 2019] first gives an algorithm for a variant of the lattice agreement problem on cycle-free lattices that tolerates up to $f<n/(h(X) + 1)$ Byzantine faults, where $n$ is the number of processes and $h(X)$ is the height of the input lattice $X$. The recent preprint by Di et al. studies this problem with a slightly modified validity condition in asynchronous systems. They present a $O(f)$ rounds algorithm by using the reliable broadcast primitive as a first step and following the similar algorithmic framework as the algorithms in crash failure model. In this paper, we propose three algorithms for the Byzantine lattice agreement problem in synchronous systems. The first algorithm takes $\min \{3h(X) + 6,6\sqrt{f} + 6\})$ rounds and $O(n^2 \min\{h(X), \sqrt{f}\})$ messages, where $h(X)$ is the height of the input lattice $X$, $n$ is the total number of processes. The second algorithm runs in $3\log n + 3$ rounds and takes $O(n^2 \log n)$ messages. The third algorithm takes $4 \log f + 3$ rounds and takes $O(n^2 \log f)$ messages. All algorithms can tolerate up to $f<\frac{n}{3}$ Byzantine failures.
Broadband measurements of the sources of explosions at Stromboli Volcano, Italy

During September–October 1997, 21 three‐component broadband seismometers were deployed on Stromboli Volcano at radial distances of 0.3–2.2 km from the active crater to investigate the source mechanisms of Strombolian explosions. In the 2–50 s band, the very‐long period (VLP) signals associated with explosions are consistent with two stationary sources repeatedly activated in time. VLP particle motions are essentially linear and analyses of semblance and particle motions are consistent with a source centroid offset 300 m beneath and 300 m northwest of the active vents. Similar VLP waveforms are observed at all 21 stations, indicating that the seismograms are source‐dominated. The VLP ground displacement response to each explosion may be qualitatively interpreted as: (1) pressurization of the conduit associated with the ascent of a slug of gas; (2) depressurization of the conduit in response to mass withdrawal during the eruption; and (3) repressurization of the conduit associated with the replenishment of the source with fluid.
Hybrid Input Algorithm: An event‐oriented magnetospheric model

We introduce and test a new approach suitable to model the magnetotail configuration during individual events. This Hybrid Input Algorithm (HIA) uses, in addition to spacecraft magnetic measurements in the tail, other complementary information (in this version, the isotropic boundaries of energetic particles observed at low altitudes), therefore increasing the amount of input data for the modeling and making models more accurate for mapping purposes as well as for evaluation of the current sheet thickness and current density. We test the HIA on two previously well-studied and modeled events, compare different models as well as the model- based and observation-based estimates for the plasma pressure and current density, and discuss the uncertainty in the resulting mapping. We apply the HIA-based models to evaluate the location of substorm onset in the tail during Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop 6A (CDAW-6A) substorm event and the characteristics of the current sheet at 7-15 Rjust before the substorm onset obtained for several other events. We found moderate values for the maximal current densities in the thin current sheet region (10-35 nA/m 2) and the minimal current sheet half thickness between 0.1 and 0.7 R. The X scale of the thinning region was sire 5 R. By assembling the modeling results for many events we found that the maximum current densities in the tail current sheet could be effectively predicted by taking into account the observed positions of isotropic boundaries and dipole tilt angle. We also briefly discuss possible future extension of the Hybrid Input Algorithm.
Scales of motion in the subtropical convergence zone

Satellite infrared data show that the sea surface temperature pattern in the subtropical convergence consists of meridionally oriented alternating warm and cold plumes with a wavelength of about 200 km. In 1973, shipboard measurements during the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (Mode) revealed that the cold plumes resulted from southward advection of the surface water on the eastern flank of the Mode eddy and that the warm plumes were a result of northward advection on the western side. Along the edges of the plumes, small-scale frontogenesis was observed but was not resolved by the sampling scheme. Detailed measurements were made in March 1977 of the frontal structure at the southern end of a cold plume. These revealed the presence of smaller-scale motions with wavelengths of the order of 50 km. Temporal evolution of surface features in the vicinity and along the front occurred extremely rapidly and was barely resolved by surveys spaced 3–5 days apart.
Search for gravitational-wave transients associated with magnetar bursts in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data from the third observing run

Gravitational waves are expected to be produced from neutron star oscillations associated with magnetar giant flares and short bursts. We present the results of a search for short-duration (milliseconds to seconds) and long-duration ($\sim$ 100 s) transient gravitational waves from 13 magnetar short bursts observed during Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA's third observation run. These 13 bursts come from two magnetars, SGR 1935$+$2154 and Swift J1818.0$-$1607. We also include three other electromagnetic burst events detected by Fermi GBM which were identified as likely coming from one or more magnetars, but they have no association with a known magnetar. No magnetar giant flares were detected during the analysis period. We find no evidence of gravitational waves associated with any of these 16 bursts. We place upper bounds on the root-sum-square of the integrated gravitational-wave strain that reach $2.2 \times 10^{-23}$ $/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ at 100 Hz for the short-duration search and $8.7 \times 10^{-23}$ $/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ at $450$ Hz for the long-duration search, given a detection efficiency of 50%. For a ringdown signal at 1590 Hz targeted by the short-duration search the limit is set to $1.8 \times 10^{-22}$ $/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. Using the estimated distance to each magnetar, we derive upper bounds on the emitted gravitational-wave energy of $3.2 \times 10^{43}$ erg ($7.3 \times 10^{43}$ erg) for SGR 1935$+$2154 and $8.2 \times 10^{42}$ erg ($2.8 \times 10^{43}$ erg) for Swift J1818.0$-$1607, for the short-duration (long-duration) search. Assuming isotropic emission of electromagnetic radiation of the burst fluences, we constrain the ratio of gravitational-wave energy to electromagnetic energy for bursts from SGR 1935$+$2154 with available fluence information. The lowest of these ratios is $3 \times 10^3$.
Self-supervised Neural Networks for Spectral Snapshot Compressive Imaging

We consider using untrained neural networks to solve the reconstruction problem of snapshot compressive imaging (SCI), which uses a two-dimensional (2D) detector to capture a high-dimensional (usually 3D) data-cube in a compressed manner. Various SCI systems have been built in recent years to capture data such as high-speed videos, hyperspectral images, and the state-of-the-art reconstruction is obtained by the deep neural networks. However, most of these networks are trained in an end-to-end manner by a large amount of corpus with sometimes simulated ground truth, measurement pairs. In this paper, inspired by the untrained neural networks such as deep image priors (DIP) and deep decoders, we develop a framework by integrating DIP into the plug-and-play regime, leading to a self-supervised network for spectral SCI reconstruction. Extensive synthetic and real data results show that the proposed algorithm without training is capable of achieving competitive results to the training based networks. Furthermore, by integrating the proposed method with a pre-trained deep denoising prior, we have achieved state-of-the-art results. Our code is available at https://github.com/mengziyi64/CASSI-Self-Supervised.
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817

The source of the gravitational-wave signal GW170817, very likely a binary neutron star merger, was also observed electromagnetically, providing the first multi-messenger observations of this type. The two week long electromagnetic counterpart had a signature indicative of an r-process-induced optical transient known as a kilonova. This Letter examines how the mass of the dynamical ejecta can be estimated without a direct electromagnetic observation of the kilonova, using gravitational-wave measurements and a phenomenological model calibrated to numerical simulations of mergers with dynamical ejecta. Specifically, we apply the model to the binary masses inferred from the gravitational-wave measurements, and use the resulting mass of the dynamical ejecta to estimate its contribution (without the effects of wind ejecta) to the corresponding kilonova light curves from various models. The distributions of dynamical ejecta mass range between $M_{ej} = 10^{-3} - 10^{-2} M_{\odot}$ for various equations of state, assuming the neutron stars are rotating slowly. In addition, we use our estimates of the dynamical ejecta mass and the neutron star merger rates inferred from GW170817 to constrain the contribution of events like this to the r-process element abundance in the Galaxy when ejecta mass from post-merger winds is neglected. We find that if $\gtrsim10\%$ of the matter dynamically ejected from BNS mergers is converted to r-process elements, GW170817-like BNS mergers could fully account for the amount of r-process material observed in the Milky Way.
Instance‐based learning compared to other data‐driven methods in hydrological forecasting

Data‐driven techniques based on machine learning algorithms are becoming popular in hydrological modelling, in particular for forecasting. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are often the first choice. The so‐called instance‐based learning (IBL) has received relatively little attention, and the present paper explores the applicability of these methods in the field of hydrological forecasting. Their performance is compared with that of ANNs, M5 model trees and conceptual hydrological models. Four short‐term flow forecasting problems were solved for two catchments. Results showed that the IBL methods often produce better results than ANNs and M5 model trees, especially if used with the Gaussian kernel function. The study showed that IBL is an effective data‐driven method that can be successfully used in hydrological forecasting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earthquake synchrony and clustering on Fucino faults (Central Italy) as revealed from in situ 36Cl exposure dating

We recover the Holocene earthquake history of seven seismogenic normal faults in the Fucino system, central Italy. We collected 800 samples from the well‐preserved limestone scarps of the faults and modeled their 36Cl concentrations to derive their seismic exhumation history. We found that > 30 large earthquakes broke the faults in synchrony over the last 12 ka. The seven faults released strain at the same periods of time, 12–9 ka, 5–3 ka, and 1.5–1 ka. On all faults, the strain accumulation and release occurred in 3–6 ka supercycles, each included a 3–5 ka phase of slow (≤ 0.5–2 mm/yr) strain accumulation in relative quiescence, followed by a cluster of three to four large earthquakes or earthquake sequences that released most of the strain in < 1–2 ka. The large earthquakes repeated every 0.5 ± 0.3 ka during the paroxysmal phases and every 4.3 ± 0.9 ka between those phases. Earthquakes on the northern faults produced twice larger surface slips (~ 2 m) and had larger magnitudes (Mw 6.2–6.7) than those on the southern faults. On most faults, the relative strain level was found to control the amount of slip and the time of occurrence of the next large earthquake. Faults entered a phase of clustered activity once they had reached a specific relative strain threshold. The Tre Monti fault is identified as the most prone to break over the next century. Our data document earthquake synchrony and clustering at a broader space and time scale than has been reported to date.
Fault lubrication and earthquake propagation in thermally unstable rocks

Experiments performed on dolomite or Mg-calcite gouges at seismic slip rates ( v > 1 m/s) and displacements (d > 1 m) show that the frictional coefficient μ decays exponentially from peak values (m p ≈ 0.8, in the Byerlee9s range), to extremely low steady-state values (μ ss ≈ 0.1), attained over a weakening distance D w . Microstructural observations show that discontinuous patches of nanoparticles of dolomite and its decomposition products (periclase and lime or portlandite) were produced in the slip zone during the transient stage (d w ). These observations, integrated with CO 2 emissions data recorded during the experiments, suggest that particle interaction in the slip zone produces flash temperatures that are large enough to activate chemical and physical processes, e.g., decarbonation reactions ( T = 550 °C). During steady state (d ≥ D w ), shear strength is very low and not dependent upon normal stresses, suggesting that pressurized fluids (CO 2 ) may have been temporarily trapped within the slip zone. At this stage a continuous layer of nanoparticles is developed in the slip zone. For d >> D w , a slight but abrupt increase in shear strength is observed and interpreted as due to fluids escaping the slip zone. At this stage, dynamic weakening appears to be controlled by velocity dependent properties of nanoparticles developed in the slip zone. Experimentally derived seismic source parameter W b (i.e., breakdown work, the energy that controls the dynamics of a propagating fracture) (1) matches W b values obtained from seismological data of the A.D. 1997 M6 Colfiorito (Italy) earthquakes, which nucleated in the same type of rocks tested in this study, and (2) suggests similar earthquake-scaling relationships, as inferred from existing seismological data sets. We conclude that dynamic weakening of experimental faults is controlled by multiple slip weakening mechanisms, which are activated or inhibited by physicochemical reactions in the slip zone.
CORMIX2: An expert system for hydrodynamic mixing zone analysis of conventional and toxic multiport diffuser discharges

One of the most important tasks in the management of water quality is the ability to achieve pollutant concentrations within regulated standards. The Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX) is a series of software systems for the analysis, prediction, and design of aqueous toxic or conventional pollutant discharges into watercourses, with emphasis on the geometry and dilution characteristics of the initial mixing zone. The present development, subsystem CORMIX2 is concerned with submerged multiport discharges into flowing water environments, such as rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters. It includes effects of ambient stratification, dynamic attachment of the plume to the bottom of the receiving water, and the limiting case of stagnant conditions.