Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Clinical and Therapeutic Review

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is a rare dermatological condition with high mortality and serious consequences on its survivors. Despite having been first described in 1956, its pathophysiology remains uncertain, mainly regarding its mechanisms, although it seems that certain apoptosis pathways are pivotal in starting keratinocytes’ apoptosis and in activating T cells, especially those mediated by tumour necrosis factor, Fas-FasL and granulysin. In general, its aetiology and presentation are consensual, being defined as a generalized necrolysis of the epidermis that occurs as an uncontrolled immune response to a specific drug or one of its metabolites, highlighting cotrimoxazole and allopurinol as the most important. This necrolysis leads to a massive shedding of the epidermal layer of the skin, with stronger incidences in the torso, upper limbs and face. Its complications tend to be severe, noting that septic ones are responsible for over half of the disease’s mortality. Nearly all survivors develop long-term sequelae, namely hypertrophic scarring and skin pigmentation anomalies. Regarding treatment, many different opinions arise, including contradictory ones, regarding more importantly immunomodulation therapies that have been the focus of several studies through the years. It is safe to state that supportive therapy is the only modality that has significantly strong evidence backing its efficacy in reducing mortality and improving prognosis, which have improved in the past years as general health care quality increased. In conclusion, it is imperative to say that more research is needed for new potential therapies with large study populations and more scientific rigor. Likewise, investigation towards its basic pathophysiology should also be promoted, mainly at a biomolecular level, allowing for an improved prevention of this illness.
The build-up of pseudo-bulges in a hierarchical universe

We study the cosmological build-up of pseudo-bulges using the L-Galaxies semi-analytical model for galaxy formation with a new approach for following separately the assembly of classical bulges and pseudo-bulges. Classical bulges are assumed to be the result of violent processes (i.e. mergers and starbursts), while the formation of pseudo-bulges is connected to the secular growth of discs. We apply the model to both the Millennium and the Millennium II simulations, in order to study our results across a wide range of stellar masses ($\rm 10^{7}\! -\! 10^{11.5}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$). We find that z = 0 pseudo-bulges mainly reside in galaxies of $\mathit{ M}_{\rm stellar} \, {\sim }\, 10^{10}\! -\! 10^{10.5}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ($\mathit{ M}_{\rm halo} \, {\sim }\, 10^{11.5}\! -\! 10^{12}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) and we recover structural properties of these objects (e.g. sizes and bulge-to-total ratios) that are in good agreement with observational results. Tracing their formation history, we find that pseudo-bulges assembled in galaxies with a very quiet merger history, as opposed to the host galaxies of classical bulges. Regarding the bulge structure, we find that $\, {\sim }\, 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the galaxies with a predominant pseudo-bulge feature a composite structure, hosting both a pseudo- and a classical bulge component. The classical component typically constitutes ${\sim }\, 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total bulge galaxy mass. When looking at the properties of the host galaxies, we find that z = 0 pseudo-bulges are hosted by main-sequence galaxies, characterized by a stellar population which is generally younger compared to the one of the hosts of classical bulges.
The End of Time Series

ation, 72, 789-827. Lehmann, E. L. (19861, Testing Statistical Hypotheses (2nd ed.), New York: Wiley. Lindley, D. V. , and Phillips, L. D. (1976), “Inference for a Bernoulli Process (A Bayesian view),” The American Statistician, 30, 112-1 19. Lindsay, B. (1980), “Nuisance Parameters, Mixture Models, and the Efficiency of Partial Likelihood Estimators,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 296, 639-665. Ramsey, F. (1931), The Foundations of Mathematics and Other Logical Essays, Paterson, NJ: Littlefield-Adams. Regazzini, E. (1987), “De Finetti’s Coherence and Statistical Inference,” The Annals of Statistics, 15, 845-864. Robins, J. M. , and Morgenstern, H. (1987), “The Foundations of Confounding in Epidemiology,” Computers and Mathematics with Applications,
On Branching Markov Processes

In this paper we give a definition of branching Markov processes in terms of a property of the semi-group of Markov processes and describe several equivalent formulations. Our definition is a generalization of Kolmogoroff and Dmitriev’s one [2 and would clarify the situation discussed in Skorohod [4 (cf. [3). This equivalence plays an important role in studies of branching Markov processes. 1. Definition of branching Markov processes. Let S be a compact Hausdorff space satisfying the axiom of the second countability, therefore it is metrizable. We denote the metric of S by p. Let us denote by S the n-fold product of S with product topology and the symmetrization of S() by S", i.e. S is the quotient space S()/R of S by the equivalence relation R of permutation with quotient topology, therefore S is also metrizable. We denote the metric of S by p. Moreover, S-={}, where 3 is an extra point. This procedure is due to Moyal [3. Let /be the natural mapping from U S() to J S. We introduce =0 0
An End-To-End Cyber Security Maturity Model For Technology Startups

Cybersecurity is increasingly becoming an important discussion topic in the boardroom of companies, regardless of the size or industry. Hackers nowadays are becoming increasingly smart. Instead of attacking big multi-national companies, international banks and government organisations which have built strong protection against cyber threats, the perpetrators now placed their focus on smaller and medium size businesses like technology start-ups through a variety of attacks from phishing, ransomware to the exploitation of vulnerabilities in the web or mobile applications. Therefore, it is imperative that technology start-ups have the capability in assessing their cyber security maturity to combat against cyber threats. However, for technology start-ups, it is especially imperative as cyber-attacks or data breaches could undeniably result in the loss of customers’ confidence, regulatory implications and revenue loss which could eventually result in the start-up untimely closure. Although there are available security frameworks commonly used in the industry by cyber security practitioners, these frameworks are not suitable for technology start-ups as they tend to be broad and generic, taking a long time to conduct the assessment requiring adequate manpower or even the need for a budget to hire external consultants to help in conducting the assessment. This study seeks to analyse the current cyber security frameworks and introduce an end-to-end Cyber Security Maturity Model, which can be used specifically for technology start-ups. The proposed model not only provides an end-to-end maturity assessment of the start-up’s cyber security posture but also coupled with an existing quantification model to justify the investments allocated in implementing cyber security measures for the start-up. Right-sizing the cyber security measures for the start-up in the different stages of the start-up lifecycle could allow reasonable controls to be implemented at the appropriate phase.
A Hybrid Learning Approach for Automatic Data Labelling and Anomaly Detection in IoT Networks

Internet of Things (IoT) is an environment in which digital equipment is augmented with sensors to share and receive data through network. When devices share data it can be effected by anomalies or any attack due to corrupted data or by any other uncertainty and ambiguity in data. The data can also be corrupted through a damage in device. These attacks or anomalies damage the working of the IoT networks. The anomalous data can be detected through detection techniques however most anomaly detection techniques depend upon labelled data but for IoT datasets, usually class labels are not available. Labeling is performed by a manual process which is time consuming and also costly. As data in IoT increases day by day so there is a need to label and classify data for future unseen data. In this paper a hybrid algorithm is proposed in which both clustering and classification techniques are applied for automatic labeling and classifying on IoT dataset. The model contains two function. In the first phase k-means clustering is employed for labelling dataset instances as normal or anomalous. In the second phase labelled dataset is used to train Random Forest model to detect anomalies in IoT networks. The results show that the proposed model is detecting anomalies in IoT networks with an accuracy 98%, precision 98 %, recall 98%, and F-meausre 0.98%.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH GLUTAMINE AND HYDROXYMETHYLBUTIRATE OVER THE CELLS INVOLVED IN WOUND HEALING.

M en C Alejandra Patricia Salas González 1 , Sevilla González María de la Luz 2 and Fuchs Tarlovsky Vanessa 3 . 1. Hospital General de México/ Instituto Politécnico Nacional. 2. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina. 3. Hospital General de México. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Visible photomobile response of azobenzene-based polymer/carbon black films

In this work, we developed and characterized composites prepared by dispersing conductive carbon black (CB) at different concentrations in an azobenzene-based photomobile polymer (azo-PMP) matrix. This polymer can move under UV-blue light because its azobenzene moieties undergo a reversible photoisomerization from trans to cis configuration and this nanoscopic structural movement induces a macroscopic movement in the film. We studied the possibility to modify the photomobile properties of azo-PMP by introducing different concentrations of CB (from 0wt.% up to 1wt.%) and we investigated morphology, optical properties and photomobile behaviour at different wavelengths. Optical analysis by polarized light shows that the films with CB concentrations up to 0.1wt. % are quite homogeneous and still present birefringence properties. Photoresponsivity measurements at wavelengths in the range 457-747nm were studied to investigate how the presence of the CB affects the photomobile response inside and outside the absorption spectral region of azo-polymers. Choosing appropriately the CB concentration, we demonstrated that it is possible to enlarge the usable spectral bandwidth of the samples in visible region towards the visible and near infrared spectral region.
Artificial Intelligence in Maintaining Interaction Between Humans and Computer

No slumber! No time off for illness! Not a holiday! Along with nonstop labor throughout the clock, How can humans compete with the phenomenon of artificial intelligence? Of AI. With the future, humanity is engulfed in an exhilarating, unstoppable future. Humans must choose whether to embrace AI's advancement or to oppose it. The unavoidable transformation of our current reality. The actual game-changing technology is Quantum computing is available in business settings. People must learn how to live, work, and study and engage with AI, or they'll end up becoming second-class citizens. AI's lifeblood is big data. Because the processing capability of quantum computing will allow future computers to handle huge quantities of large data. Receptionists, drivers, and other human jobs are being replaced by AI. Future accountants, physicians, and cooks. Soon, quantum supremacy will be attained, and AI will quickly catch up to and surpass the "Singularity. " Can humans understand the chance to advance AI or refuse it? The potential for human development is BCI technology, which uses artificial intelligence. Regulations and safety measures issues such as "Who is accountable for AI privacy and legislation" be put into place? In addition to the ethical usage of AI, the question of "can AI be respected as an independent entity" "And how about the freedoms and ethics of AI? " has to be addressed. The mankind is in a state of will mankind and AI get along? That is the question on the inevitable road to AI supremacy. Adversaries"?
Crossover from dynamical percolation class to directed percolation class on a two dimensional lattice

We study the crossover phenomena from the dynamical percolation class (DyP) to the directed percolation class (DP) in the model of diseases spreading, Susceptible-Infected-Refractory-Susceptible (SIRS) on a two-dimensional lattice. In this model, agents of three species S, I, and R on a lattice react as follows: $S+I\rightarrow I+I$ with probability $\lambda$, $I\rightarrow R$ after infection time $\tau_I$ and $R\rightarrow I$ after recovery time $\tau_R$. Depending on the value of the parameter $\tau_R$, the SIRS model can be reduced to the following two well-known special cases. On the one hand, when $\tau_R \rightarrow 0$, the SIRS model reduces to the SIS model. On the other hand, when $\tau_R \rightarrow \infty$ the model reduces to SIR model. It is known that, whereas the SIS model belongs to the DP universality class, the SIR model belongs to the DyP universality class. We can deduce from the model dynamics that, SIRS will behave as an SIS model for any finite values of $\tau_R$. SIRS will behave as SIR only when $\tau_R=\infty$. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that as far as the $\tau_R$ is finite the SIRS belongs to the DP university class. We also study the phase diagram and analyze the scaling behavior of this model along the critical line. By numerical simulation and analytical argument, we find that the crossover from DyP to DP is described by the crossover exponent $1/\phi=0.67(2)$.
A Unifying Field in Logics: Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics (fourth edition)

In this book one makes an introduction to non-standard analysis in the first part, needed to the next four chapters in order to study the neutrosophics: 1. Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy. 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics. 3. Neutrosophic Set - a unifying field in sets. 4. Neutrosophic Probability - a generalization of classical and imprecise probabilities - and Neutrosophic Statistics.
NOYB: privacy in online social networks

Increasingly, Internet users trade privacy for service. Facebook, Google, and others mine personal information to target advertising. This paper presents a preliminary and partial answer to the general question "Can users retain their privacy while still benefiting from these web services? ". We propose NOYB, a novel approach that provides privacy while preserving some of the functionality provided by online services. We apply our approach to the Facebook online social networking website. Through a proof-of-concept implementation we demonstrate that NOYB is practical and incrementally deployable, requires no changes to or cooperation from an existing online service, and indeed can be non-trivial for the online service to detect.
The Impact of Critical Thinking on Clinical Judgment During Simulation With Senior Nursing Students

AIMThe study examined the impact of critical thinking (CT) on clinical judgment (CJ) during a pediatric Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) with 160 pre-licensure nursing students. BACKGROUNDEducators are called to transform teaching strategies to develop CJ but confusion exists over definitions. METHODA descriptive correlational design was used to examine demographics and Tower of Hanoi (TOH) and Health Science Reasoning Test (HSRT) scores. CJ was measured by scores on the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) from videotaped OSCEs. RESULTSParticipants were: 86 percent female, 42 percent Caucasian, median 23 years, with 49 percent having health care experience. Students averaged seven moves over minimum on the TOH. Average scores were: HSRT 25/38 and LCJR 31/44. Statistically significant predictors of CJ were gender, ethnicity, HSRT deduction, and analysis; 11 CT variables accounted for 17 percent of LCJR scores. CONCLUSIONEducators need to utilize/develop innovative teaching strategies addressing CJ predictors.
Attitude, Behavioral Intention and Usage: An Empirical Study of Taiwan Railway’s Internet Ticketing System

The Internet has become an essential part of business due to its rapid growth. Many businesses circulate information and interact with potential customers through the Internet, while some also trade with customers on their websites. Furthermore, many studies have observed that a website is an essential component of business, and websites are becoming increasingly important. Based on TAM (Davis,1986), this study discusses customer behavior when using Taiwan Railway’s Internet Ticketing System. Hee-dong and Youngjin (2004) have observed that “. attitude deserves more attention in IS research due to its considerable influence on individual and organizational usage of IS. ”, and discovered that a better understanding of the role of attitude can enhance explanatory power of the model. Cheng, Lam, and Yeung (2006) also observed that web security is an important variable in the TAM model. This study discusses the relationships among web security, attitude, and behavioral intention. Davis et al.’s technology model (TAM) is used with attitude toward IS usage described in terms of both the affective and cognitive dimensions.
Wavelet synopses for general error metrics

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the wavelet decomposition as a tool for reducing large amounts of data down to compact wavelet synopses that can be used to obtain fast, accurate approximate query answers. Conventional wavelet synopses that greedily minimize the overall root-mean-squared (i.e., L2-norm) error in the data approximation can suffer from important problems, including severe bias and wide variance in the quality of the data reconstruction, and lack of nontrivial guarantees for individual approximate answers. Thus, probabilistic thresholding schemes have been recently proposed as a means of building wavelet synopses that try to probabilistically control maximum approximation-error metrics (e.g., maximum relative error). A key open problem is whether it is possible to design efficient deterministic wavelet-thresholding algorithms for minimizing general, non-L2 error metrics that are relevant to approximate query processing systems, such as maximum relative or maximum absolute error. Obviously, such algorithms can guarantee better maximum-error wavelet synopses and avoid the pitfalls of probabilistic techniques (e.g., “bad” coin-flip sequences) leading to poor solutions; in addition, they can be used to directly optimize the synopsis construction process for other useful error metrics, such as the mean relative error in data-value reconstruction. In this article, we propose novel, computationally efficient schemes for deterministic wavelet thresholding with the objective of optimizing general approximation-error metrics. We first consider the problem of constructing wavelet synopses optimized for maximum error, and introduce an optimal low polynomial-time algorithm for one-dimensional wavelet thresholding---our algorithm is based on a new Dynamic-Programming (DP) formulation, and can be employed to minimize the maximum relative or absolute error in the data reconstruction. Unfortunately, directly extending our one-dimensional DP algorithm to multidimensional wavelets results in a super-exponential increase in time complexity with the data dimensionality. Thus, we also introduce novel, polynomial-time approximation schemes (with tunable approximation guarantees) for deterministic wavelet thresholding in multiple dimensions. We then demonstrate how our optimal and approximate thresholding algorithms for maximum error can be extended to handle a broad, natural class of distributive error metrics, which includes several important error measures, such as mean weighted relative error and weighted Lp-norm error. Experimental results on real-world and synthetic data sets evaluate our novel optimization algorithms, and demonstrate their effectiveness against earlier wavelet-thresholding schemes.
Thrombosis and haemostasis : Biological considerations and pharmacological issues

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The Coin Problem and Pseudorandomness for Branching Programs

The \emph{Coin Problem} is the following problem: a coin is given, which lands on head with probability either $1/2 + \beta$ or $1/2 - \beta$. We are given the outcome of $n$ independent tosses of this coin, and the goal is to guess which way the coin is biased, and to answer correctly with probability $\ge 2/3$. When our computational model is unrestricted, the majority function is optimal, and succeeds when $\beta \ge c /\sqrt{n}$ for a large enough constant $c$. The coin problem is open and interesting in models that cannot compute the majority function. In this paper we study the coin problem in the model of \emph{read-once width-$w$ branching programs}. We prove that in order to succeed in this model, $\beta$ must be at least $1/ (\log n)^{\Theta(w)}$. For constant $w$ this is tight by considering the recursive tribes function, and for other values of $w$ this is nearly tight by considering other read-once AND-OR trees. We generalize this to a \emph{Dice Problem}, where instead of independent tosses of a coin we are given independent tosses of one of two $m$-sided dice. We prove that if the distributions are too close and the mass of each side of the dice is not too small, then the dice cannot be distinguished by small-width read-once branching programs. We suggest one application for this kind of theorems: we prove that Nisan's Generator fools width-$w$ read-once \emph{regular} branching programs, using seed length $O(w^4 \log n \log \log n + \log n \log (1/\eps))$. For $w=\eps=\Theta(1)$, this seed length is $O(\log n \log \log n)$. The coin theorem and its relatives might have other connections to PRGs. This application is related to the independent, but chronologically-earlier, work of Braver man, Rao, Raz and Yehudayoff~\cite{BRRY}.