Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Heuristic Approach for the VRPTW using dual information of its LP formulation

This thesis deals with the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windowds (VRPTW), one of the most applicable theoretical problems in current times. With it being an NP-Hard problem, we have to look at heuristics to achieve a suitable solution in an acceptable time frame. We introduce a duality analysis of a master Linear Programming (MLP) formulation of the VRPTW. With it, we can access information on the customers and routes of the system and which to prioritize. By relaxing the the MLP formulation, we show through the dual analysis that there is a competition between customers to be serviced by a certain vehicle. Based on this, we can choose to group customer to a vehicle or introduce a new one, which services customers that are not being served enough in the current solution. Based on these insights, a heuristic has been developed with three phases: preprocessing, warm-up and saturation. Route centers are selected to represent a vehicle, and from there routes are constructed. We identify three main components of the heuristic: route construction, ﬁnding a new route center and customer grouping. By balancing these three components, the heuristic comes to a full integer solution. Based on a computational study, we show that the heuristic works well in many cases, but improvements still have to be made further. The project will continue on after this thesis to be submitted to a leading journal. Abstract This paper introduces a duality analysis of a master Linear Programming (MLP) formulation of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). The considered MLP model is the slightly modiﬁed version of the relaxation of the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition by expressing a VRPTW solution as a non-negative convex combination of constructed routes. The MLP model is basically the so-called reformulation of the VRPTW used in many Branch-and-Price (BP) algorithms. Our dual analysis shows that a pricing competition occurs in the dual model and the dual values of decision variables can guide us in making certain decisions like customer grouping and introducing a new vehicle to an existing (incomplete) solution. By using our dual interpretation, we propose a heuristic algorithm that greedily constructs a routing plan by iteratively solving the MLP model as a central optimization mechanism. The objects to select in the MLP model are routes that are constructed by using a Dynamic Programming (DP) based method. We keep the total number of routes bounded by a constant number, hence the size of the MLP model is ﬁxed. A complete routing plan, i.e. an integer solution to the MLP model, is obtained by making the aforementioned decisions. We provide further details of the algorithm and show its eﬃciency by means of a computational study.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and oxidative stress markers based -scores to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chronic kidney diseases

Background: Biomarkers can detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) in an early stage. Patients and methods: 75 individuals suffering from chronic kidney disorders were included in this study. Serum Neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) was assayed using ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO) in addition to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was colorimetrically measured. Results: NGAL was the most efficient marker among others. Its area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were 0.91 and 0.80 for differentiating patients with CKD from control individuals and discriminating patients in late stages from those in early stages, respectively. The stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) selected two novel indexes. The first is to differentiate patients in late stages from those in early stages of CKD; namely NGALTotal antioxidant capacity (NT) score. The second is to differentiate all of these patients from those of the control subjects; namely NGALnitric oxide (NN) score. The AUCs of NT and NN scores were 0. 84 and 0.93; respectively. Conclusion: NT and NN scores may add more in the evaluation and prediction of the progression of CKD.
A Comparative Evaluation of Propofol, Etomidate and Admixture of Propofol-Etomidate for Induction During General Anaesthesia

Background: Propofol and Etomidate are non barbiturate inducing agents. These drugs have different induction characteristics and recovery profile. Propofol causes pain at injection site, hypotension but has clear headed recovery whereas Etomidate is cardiostable but can cause myoclonus. Propofol & Etomidate group both used to decrease side effects. Objective: our study we compare Propofol, Etomidate and admixture of Propofol Etomidate on induction charcteristic i.e loss of eyelash reflex, pain at injection site, myoclonus, hemodynamic parameters and recovery profile. Methods: Total no. of patients in our study was 90 with ASA grade I and II, age 18-55 years included for surgical procedure under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups of 30 patients each. Patients in group -I was induced with inj. Propofol (3mg/kg) i.v and patient of group -II were induced with inj. Etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) i.v and patients of group -III were induced with Combination of inj. Propofol and inj. Etomidate in the ratio of 1:1 by volume. Onset time i.e time to disappearance of eyelash reflex, pain at injection site and myoclonus, were noted. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring i.e HR, SBP, DBP, MAP and recovery profile was done. All the result were tabulated and statistically analysed. Result: In patients of admixture Propofol-Etomidate Group, loss of eye lash reflex are earlier than Propofol and Etomidate group. In Propofol group have pain at injection site and patient in Etomidte group have some incidence of myoclonus. Conclusion: Admixture of Propofol-Etomidate is hemodynamically more stable with less side effect and early recovery.
Full Reviews Uraemic sarcopenia: aetiology and implications

The term uraemic myopathy has been used loosely to describe the skeletal muscle abnormalities in uraemic patients. However, it does not fully explain the observed abnormalities as recent research has documented a normal skeletal muscle physiology in the presence of reduced muscle force, selective structural changes and signi ﬁ cant muscle wasting. Ageing is associated with sarcopenia (muscle wasting) and an increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which accelerates the normal physiological muscle wasting. Similar to sarcopenia, muscle wasting in uraemic patients appears to be the hallmark of the disease and its aetiology is multifactorial with hormonal, immunologic and myocellular changes, metabolic acidosis, reduced protein intake and physical inactivity. Uraemic sarcopenia presents a high probability for morbidity and mortality and consequently a high priority for muscle wasting prevention and treatment in these patients. Perhaps, the use of the term ‘ uraemic sarcopenia ’ would provide recognition by the renal community for this devastating problem. The purpose of this review is to relate the ﬁ ndings of the recent publications that describe abnormalities in uraemic skeletal muscle to the possible pathogenesis of muscle wasting and its consequences in patients with CKD.
Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth

Rhizosphere filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma, a dominant component of various soil ecosystem mycobiomes, are characterized by the ability to colonize plant roots. Detailed knowledge of the properties of Trichoderma, including metabolic activity and the type of interaction with plants and other microorganisms, can ensure its effective use in agriculture. The growing interest in the application of Trichoderma results from their direct and indirect biocontrol potential against a wide range of soil phytopathogens. They act through various complex mechanisms, such as mycoparasitism, the degradation of pathogen cell walls, competition for nutrients and space, and induction of plant resistance. With the constant exposure of plants to a variety of pathogens, especially filamentous fungi, and the increased resistance of pathogens to chemical pesticides, the main challenge is to develop biological protection alternatives. Among non-pathogenic microorganisms, Trichoderma seems to be the best candidate for use in green technologies due to its wide biofertilization and biostimulatory potential. Most of the species from the genus Trichoderma belong to the plant growth-promoting fungi that produce phytohormones and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme. In the present review, the current status of Trichoderma is gathered, which is especially relevant in plant growth stimulation and the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens.
FastViz - Visualizing Dynamically Evolving Big Data

Big Data Streaming visualizations convey high volumes of information in real-time. However, showing information without a precise context may lead to low effectiveness. Furthermore, when it changes, these visualizations must make the users aware of it. Our work is called FastViz, and we propose a set of transitions between different pairs of visual idioms. These may help users keep track of the information in real-time. We studied the Line chart, Heat map, and Stream graph. For each visual idiom, we deﬁned seven transitions, most of them using animation techniques. We chose each one according to speciﬁc changes in the information structure. These changes would occur in real-time big data streaming scenarios. We designed a user study, where we showed videos with the transitions. Then we crafted online questionnaires with questions regarding those videos. Almost all techniques proved to be similar, and we concluded that animated transitions work better than no animated.
Deep Symbolic Optimization for Electric Component Sizing in Fixed Topology Power Converters

Power converters (PC) are a major component in any current electronic hardware device. The development and design is usually guided by expert knowledge and heavily relies on human intuition and experience. The process is a very time consuming and costly activity and it is generally hard to improve upon current designs. As a ﬁrst step towards autonomous PC design, we are here proposing a new framework for the sizing of components for ﬁxed topology PCs based on given design requirements. To this end, we developed surrogate models for rapid evaluation of new topologies and adapt the deep symbolic optimization (DSO) framework to generate new topologies guided by a reinforcement learning training signal. In an empirical evaluation, we show that our DSO based approach is able to ﬁnd the optimal conﬁguration for all investigated topologies, while reducing the learning time by at least a factor of 100 compared to popular RL algorithms.
Improved Inverse-Free Variational Bounds for Sparse Gaussian Processes

The need for matrix decompositions (inverses) is often named as a major impediment to scaling Gaussian process (GP) models, even in eﬃcient approximations. To address this, Van der Wilk et al. (2020) introduced a variational lower bound that can be computed without these costly operations. We improve this bound by 1) simplifying it by removing the need for iterative procedures, and 2) making it more numerically stable. While these improvements do not result in a procedure that is faster in wall-clock time than existing variational bounds, they are likely to be necessary steps along the way
DO INSTITUTIONS RULE?

The quality of institutions has a profound impact on the rate of economic growth and development in a country. In an essay ambitious in both scope and purpose, Elin Thora Ellertsdottir outlines the importance of different types of institutions with regard to issues such as foreign aid and the resource curse. Her conclusion emphasises the futility of trying to analyse an institution in isolation from other important factors.
Real-time coins detection with ML based approach on iOS device

Machine learning model on iOS device is used to recognise euro coins in real-time. YOLO architecture paper is used to implement the model from scratch in Keras. The classifier as backbone neural network for object detection based on DenseNet architecture with different hyperparameter is trained and evaluated on public dataset. The pre-trained models were converted to perform detection, trained with custom loss function and evaluated. At the end a developed iOS application uses detector model to perform real-time detection.
The Purkinje–myocardial junction is the anatomic origin of ventricular arrhythmia in CPVT

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an arrhythmia syndrome caused by gene mutations that render RYR2 Ca release channels hyperactive, provoking spontaneous Ca release and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). What remains unknown is the cellular source of ventricular arrhythmia triggered by DADs: Purkinje cells in the conduction system or ventricular cardiomyocytes in the working myocardium. To answer this question, we used a genetic approach in mice to knock out cardiac calsequestrin either in Purkinje cells or in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Total loss of calsequestrin in the heart causes a severe CPVT phenotype in mice and humans. We found that loss of calsequestrin only in ventricular myocytes produced a full-blown CPVT phenotype, whereas mice with loss of calsequestrin only in Purkinje cells were comparable to WT mice. Subendocardial chemical ablation or restoration of calsequestrin expression in subendocardial cardiomyocytes neighboring Purkinje cells was sufficient to protect against catecholamine-induced arrhythmias. In silico modeling demonstrated that DADs in ventricular myocardium can trigger full action potentials in the Purkinje fiber, but not vice versa. Hence, ectopic beats in CPVT are likely generated at the Purkinje–myocardial junction via a heretofore unrecognized tissue mechanism, whereby DADs in the ventricular myocardium trigger full action potentials in adjacent Purkinje cells.
Study on the Path of Three-Chain Integration of the Logistics Service Industry in Zhengzhou

To optimize the spatial layout of modern logistics services in Zhengzhou, build a driving mechanism for the professional development of logistics services, and promote logistics services to give full play to the driving force of coordinated development of regional economy, we must base ourselves on the logistics service industry chain, strengthen industrial innovation, value innovation and integration innovation, and realize the reconstruction of the value chain of logistics service industry. Based on the three-chain integration theory, this paper constructs a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the three-chain integration of logistics service industry, adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, evaluates the effect of the three-chain integration of logistics service industry in Zhengzhou, and aims at the problems existing in the process of three-chain integration, such as lack of systematic planning, weak competitiveness, and low profitability. Measures such as improving fiscal and tax incentives, clarifying strategic positioning, overall planning of industry layout, strengthening innovation, and integrating new driving forces for the development of logistics service industry will further promote the in-depth integration of logistics service industry chain, value chain, and innovation chain in Zhengzhou.
Functional Cooperation as Morally Right

Every science needs a framework of assumptions to epistemically access what it aims to explain. For the moral sciences, the leading candidate is the morality-ascooperation (MAC) framework, which claims that morality functions to solve the problems of cooperation. It has two basic problems, though. The first is that it neglects the non-cooperative elements of morality, which includes normative constraints on our relations with non-cooperators (e.g., severely disabled humans, non-human animals) and ourselves. The second problem is that it neglects the possibility of error in cooperative schemes: it grounds morality in reinforcing cooperative schemes—regardless of whether they are moral or immoral. In this paper, I develop a framework for the moral sciences that addresses these problems. For one, it solves the first problem simply by limiting its claims about morality to the context of cooperation. For another, it solves the second problem by modifying Boyd’s (1988) semantic approach to individuate moral rightness as the referent of the moral term ‘right’. I argue from recent evidence about moral judgment-making that in the context of cooperation, the referent of the moral term ‘right’ and hence, moral rightness itself consists in the property of cooperative functionality for only the broadest recruiting system (which excludes all immoral cooperative schemes). Finally, I argue that this new framework earns its explanatory keep: it appears to be indispensable to the best explanation of moral judgment-making—in cooperation games in the lab and out in the field.
CEOR_A_263903 589..594

1Modeling and Meta-Analysis, Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD, USA; 2WW HEOR Markets-US, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to compare the cost per responder (CPR) between abatacept and adalimumab among seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Patients and Methods: CPR analysis was conducted from a US payer perspective over 24 weeks for early moderate-to-severe seropositive RA patients. Efficacy data (American College of Rheumatology [ACR] improvement criteria [ACR20/50/70] and DAS28-C reactive protein <2.6) for abatacept and adalimumab were sourced from the post hoc analysis of the Early AMPLE trial (NCT02557100). Medication costs were considered assuming complete adherence. A 30% rebate was applied for adalimumab in the base case. Results: At week 24, the total per patient pharmacy cost was $26,273.34 and $21,731.18, whereas the CPR (using ACR70 as the responder definition) was $46,337.46 and $74,935.10 (difference of -$28,597.64) for abatacept and adalimumab, respectively. The CPR was consistently lower for abatacept compared to adalimumab across all clinical measures, with differences ranging from -$7099.32 to -$43,608.97. Conclusion: While the pharmacy cost was higher for abatacept compared to adalimumab, due to its higher clinical efficacy, the CPR was consistently lower for seropositive RA patients treated with abatacept. The results may be useful for healthcare decision-makers in understanding how to optimize treatment for seropositive RA patients while minimizing costs in today’s budget-constrained health environment.
Evaluation of Acute Phase Response in Blood and Milk Samples of Healthy Holstein Cattle in the Postpartum Period

Normally, birth triggers an acute phase response (APR). In particular, interleukins and proinfl ammatory cytokines released from activated leukocytes at the site of tissue damage stimulate APR. In the liver, these cytokines also stimulate acute phase proteins (APPs). APPs are one of the options used in monitoring the health status of animals. This study was evaluated in 12 healthy Holstein cattle, 3-6 years old, who calved at least once. Blood and milk samples were collected from the animals’ immediately after calving (0th h) and on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days postpartum. Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), milk amyloid A (MAA), albumin, total protein (TP) and globulin levels were determined in blood serum and milk serum samples. In the findings; when the measurements of blood and milk Hp, Cp and SAA and TP values were compared; there was a statistically significant diff erence (P<0.05) between 0th h and 21st day measurements. In the correlation findings, a relationship was found between APP’s in blood and milk. In conclusion, this study revealed that APR develops after calving and in the postpartum 21-day period, and the developing APR can clearly be seen in blood and milk. In addition, it was shown that the APR can be traced from milk in dairy cattle, in the present study.
EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF CONTROL AND HEAT TREATED L- 2 SHAPE FURNITURE JOINTS PRODUCED FROM SCOTCH PINE AND ASH

This study investigated how the mechanical properties of L-shape joints produced from heat 16 treated Scotch pine or ash wood behaved under cyclic fatigue loading and compared this with 17 the mechanical properties of non-heat treated wood materials. Additionally, static bending 18 performances of the L-shape of joints were investigated and compared to fatigue bending 19 performance of same type of joints. Results indicated that increasing number of staple from 6 20 to 8 and density generally increased static bending of L-shape joints. Static bending resistance 21 of L-shape joints produced from control Ash wood significantly higher than those of L-shape 22 joints produced from heat treated Ash wood while no significant difference were observed 23 between static bending resistance L-shape joints produced from control Scotch pine and L24 shape joints produced from heat treated Scotch pine wood. The fatigue bending resistances of 25 L-shape joints produced from heat treated samples generally passed and failed the same loading 26 steps with those produced from control samples which means both L-shape joints could be used 27 in same service area. L-shape joints under static and fatigue loadings mostly indicated staple 28 leg shear mode. The one under fatigue loading was more than the one under static loading. 29 Additionally, some joints under fatigue loading indicated staple rupture. The overall ratio of 30 static bending loading to cyclic fatigue bending loading for L-shape joints was obtained as 31 2.85. 32
DB121507 2683..2688

There is a need for plasma-based tests that can directly measure the extent of b-cell injury in vivo in patients receiving islet grafts and in animal models. In this study, we propose protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A (PPP1R1A) as a novel biomarker for acute b-cell destruction. Liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry proteome analysis of fluorescenceactivated cell sorter–purified b-cells, tissue-comparative Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry indicated relatively high molar abundance and selectivity of PPP1R1A in b-cells. PPP1R1A was discharged into the extracellular space of chemically injured rat and human islets in vitro, proportionate to the extent of b-cell death. Streptozotocin injection in rats led to a progressive PPP1R1A depletion from the cytoplasm of disintegrating b-cells and a marked surge in plasma levels detectable by an affinitycapture method. A similar massive PPP1R1A discharge in blood was also detected in three patients immediately after intraportal islet transplantation. Our findings provide first proof-of-principle for PPP1R1A as real-time biomarker of b-cell destruction in animal models and patients and warrant development of more sensitive methods for its further validation in clinical trials. Diabetes 62:2683–2688, 2013
AI Waste Prevention: Time and Power Estimation for Edge Tensor Processing Units: Poster

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has changed our daily lives. The evolution from centralised cloud-hosted services towards embedded and mobile devices has shifted the focus from quality-related aspects towards the resource demand of machine learning. Its pervasiveness demands for "green" AI---both the development and the operation of AI models still include significant resource investments in terms of processing time and power demand. In order to prevent such AI Waste, this paper presents Precious, an approach, as well as practical implementation, that estimates execution time and power draw of neural networks (NNs) that execute on a commercially-available off-the-shelf accelerator hardware (i.e., Google Coral Edge TPU). The evaluation of our implementations shows that Precious accurately estimates time and power demand.