Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teaching Video NeuroImage: Alternating Skew Deviation as a Manifestation of Anti-GAD65–Associated Cerebellitis

A 53-year-old woman presented with ataxia, dysarthria, and vertical binocular diplopia on left and right gaze but absent in primary gaze. Her symptoms were progressive over several months without clear inciting event. Initial neuro-ophthalmology evaluation showed subtle downbeat nystagmus in primary gaze that increased in horizontal gaze, consistent with “side-pocket” phenomenon.1 On cross-cover testing, she was found to have an alternating skew deviation (ASD), raising question of cerebellar localization (Video 1). Multiple etiologies can lead to ASD including autoimmune, ischemic, and paraneoplastic entities. Prior structural imaging was unrevealing. Serum studies revealed elevated glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD65) levels (>250.0 IU/mL, normal range 0–5.0 IU/mL). She was subsequently diagnosed with anti-GAD65 cerebellitis. The patient was not screened for a neoplasm because anti-GAD65 is rarely paraneoplastic in nature. Anti-GAD65 interferes with the production of GABA, thereby disrupting supranuclear pathways and has been associated with autoimmune epilepsy and stiff-person syndrome. Intravenous immunoglobulin may improve outcome.2
Total free energy of a spin-crossover molecular system

The free energy of spin-crossover molecular systems studied so far deal with the inner degrees of freedom of the spin-crossover molecules and a variety of interaction schemes between the molecules in the high spin (HS) and low spin (LS) states. Different types of transition curves, gradual, abrupt, hysteresis, and also two step transitions have been simulated or even satisfactorily fitted to experimental data. However, in the last decade spin transition curves were measured, especially under pressure, which could not be explained within these theoretical models. In this contribution the total free energy of an anharmonic lattice incorporating spin-crossover molecules which have a certain misfit to the lattice and interact elastically by their change in volume and shape has been constructed for a finite spherical crystal treated as a homogeneous isotropic elastic medium. The simulations demonstrate that already the knowledge of average properties of the crystal, as elastic constants and the anharmonicity of the potential of the lattice, and relative effective sizes of the molecules and their misfit to lattice is sufficient to interpret spin transition behavior. Almost all known anomalous spin transitions behaviors have been reproduced within reasonable limits of such parameters.
Classical and quantum Teichmüller spaces

Teichmüller theory is a ramified and rapidly developing area of mathematics which has multiple connections with other directions in the mathematical sciences and with their applications, first and foremost in mathematical physics. In this survey the main lines of development of this theory and its applications to string theory are presented in a historical context. Bibliography: 128 titles.
Delayed Effects of Nutrients in the Larval Environment on Cope's Gray Treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) Exposed to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Abstract. Excess nutrient runoff can profoundly alter aquatic habitats and has been associated with changes in host–pathogen interactions. Floating macrophyte mats have been suggested as a management strategy to improve water quality for aquatic communities and, thus, may have the potential to protect hosts from some disease outbreaks. We assessed the impact of ammonium nitrate and sodium phosphate addition in the presence or absence of floating macrophyte mats (blue flag iris [Iris versicolor] and ice dance sedge [Carex morrowii]) on Cope's Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) metamorphosis to examine whether macrophyte management treatments improve outcomes for amphibians. At metamorphosis, we infected individuals with the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), to assess whether larval treatments resulted in differential susceptibility to this pathogen. We found that nutrient addition significantly increased time to metamorphosis without affecting mass at metamorphosis or survival. Additionally, Bd exposure decreased mass of juvenile treefrogs, regardless of earlier larval environment or condition at metamorphosis. Macrophyte addition had no direct impact on larval anurans, but the aquatic community was altered via fluctuations in aquatic nutrient concentrations. Overall, our study suggests that nutrient exposure and Bd infection individually affect anurans, and larval exposure to nutrients may have latent effects on metamorphosed anurans that could affect future fitness.
Complete genome sequence of Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 as a probiotic candidate for the functional food and feed supplements

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to possess various beneficial properties and are commonly used as probiotics. LAB play a crucial role in milk fermentation, industrial lactic acid fermentation, and health and medicine. Limosilactobacillus fermentum isolated from fermented dairy and food products is considered as ‘Generally Recognized as Safe’ by FDA. Limosilactobacillus fermentum plays an important role in modulation of the intestinal microbiota, enhancing the host immune system and improving feed digestibility. We isolated a probiotic candidate that was identified and named Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532. In a previous report, cell-free culture of L. fermentum JNU532 exhibited anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities. In this study, we present the complete genome assembly of the bacterial strain JNU532. The final genome consists of one circular chromosome (2,077,416 base pairs) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) ratio of 51.5%.
Estimation of Parameters in the Multivariate Normal Distribution with Missing Observations

In this paper a method is developed for estimating the parameters in the multivariate normal distribution in which the missing observavations are not restricted to follow certain patterns as in most previous papers. The large sample properties of the estimators are discussed. Equivalence with maximum likelihood estimators has been established for a subclass of problems. The results of some simulation studies are provided to support the theoretical development.
COSMIC-RAY SOURCE AND LOCAL INTERSTELLAR SPECTRA DEDUCED FROM THE ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM.

A self-consistent model for cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium propagation from the sources in the Galaxy to the orbit of earth is obtained, taking into account experimental information now available on the isotopes H-1, H-2, He-3, and He-4. The only adjustable parameters include the shape of the energy spectra of H-1 and He-4 at the time of source injection, the distribution of particle path lengths in interstellar space, and the solar modulation parameters. It is found that the allowed form of the source differential spectra of the H-1 and He-4 nuclei is dominated by a power law in total energy.
Poverty Changes in Tanzania: An Assessment of Income Growth, Inequality and Population Shifts in Kagera, 1991–2010

This study decomposes the Kagera headcount poverty index into effects of income growth, income inequality, and population shifts. In the literature, the decomposition of poverty into growth and inequality components—which began with Kuznets (1955)—is continuing, with the results still being inconclusive. Later analyses have also incorporated the effects of population shifts into the poverty dynamics, as migrants ordinarily benefit from new avenues of reducing poverty, which however are not without negative effects. Using the Kagera Health and Development Survey (KDHS) data, the paper uses Son’s (2003) approach to decompose poverty in Kagera Region into income growth, inequality, and population shifts. The results show that growth leads to poverty reduction; population shifts tend to have mixed results depending on how the data are partitioned; whereas inequality effects were found to change with the base year. The findings imply that policies geared at reducing poverty should not be divorced from location-specific situations.
Field-emission studies on thin films of zinc oxide nanowires

Studies on field emission (FE) from thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires found that both the turn-on voltage and emission current density depend on the areal density of nanowires. The density of ZnO nanowires is controlled by the gold (Au) nanoparticle density deposited on the silicon substrates. The growth of ZnO nanowires was achieved by the thermal evaporation/condensation method. It is shown that the same screening effect observed on carbon nanotube field emitters also affects the FE from thin films of ZnO nanowires. Thin films with the lowest areal density of ZnO nanowires showed much better FE characteristics, comparable to that of carbon nanotubes. More importantly, the FE characteristics of ZnO nanowire thin film were further improved with annealing in hydrogen.
Experiences of Equine Assisted Therapy and Its Influence on Occupational Engagement among People with Mental Health Problems

Abstract Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) has positive influence on health. However, research is scarce regarding how people with mental health problems experience EAT and if it influences occupational engagement. Eleven people with mental health problems were interviewed regarding this issue. Data was analyzed using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Results showed that EAT had a positive influence on personal development and occupational engagement in forms of a catalytic experience, taking control in daily life, and being active and building relationships in life. Although the study is small in size, the results indicate that EAT could be used to facilitate meaningful occupations.
Speaking of Kinds: How Correcting Generic Statements can Shape Children's Concepts

Generic language (e.g., "tigers have stripes") leads children to assume that the referenced category (e.g., tigers) is inductively informative and provides a causal explanation for the behavior of individual members. In two preregistered studies with 4- to 7-year-old children (N = 497), we considered the mechanisms underlying these effects by testing how correcting generics might affect the development of these beliefs about novel social and animal kinds (Study 1) and about gender (Study 2). Correcting generics by narrowing their scope to a single individual limited beliefs that the referenced categories could explain what their members would be like while broadening the scope to a superordinate category (Study 2) uniquely limited endorsement of gender norms. Across both studies, correcting generics did not alter beliefs about feature heritability and had mixed effects on inductive inferences, suggesting that additional mechanisms (e.g., causal reasoning about shared features) contribute to the development of full-blown essentialist beliefs. These results help illuminate the mechanisms by which generics lead children to view categories as having rich inductive and causal potential; in particular, they suggest that children interpret generics as signals that speakers in their community view the referenced categories as meaningful kinds that support generalization. The findings also point the way to concrete suggestions for how adults can effectively correct problematic generics (e.g., gender stereotypes) that children may hear in daily life.
Slope stability evolution of a deep‐seated landslide considering a constantly deforming topography

Slow‐moving deep‐seated landslides are characterised by continuous deformation, constantly changing topography and sliding‐mass geometry. Deformation rates are predominantly controlled by temporal dynamics of pore pressure. Progressing movements typically cause an over‐steepening of a landslide's foot, making these areas more susceptible to secondary slope failures and piggyback slides that, once they occur, change the geometric boundary conditions of a slope. This study presents an integrated topographic monitoring and geomechanical modelling approach, which is suitable for both model‐based replication of the landslide's hydro‐meteorological drivers and assessment of the long‐term effect of topographic changes on the stability behaviour of a large deep‐seated landslide. Parametrised at the Vögelsberg landslide (Tyrol, Austria) the integrated approach quantified considerable mass relocations between 2007 and 2020 at the landslide's foot and assessed respective effects on slope stability. Additionally, scenarios of past and future topographies were reconstructed and projected. Mass relocations of the order of 25 000 m3 were assessed between multiple airborne laser scanning acquisitions covering a period of 13 years. Based on annual uncrewed aerial vehicle laser scanning campaigns, area‐wide 3D displacements were analysed, exceeding a magnitude of 200 cm a−1 at small parts (2.500 m2) on the steeper foot of the active landslide. The main landslide body (0.28 km2) moves considerably slower with movements of 2–10 cm a−1. Besides spatio‐temporally varying hydrological drivers, topographic changes can have a severe impact on slope stability and therefore modify the spatiotemporal activity of the landslide. It is shown that, besides the hydrometeorological drivers, the varying elevation of the landslide's toe is a key parameter determining the long‐term trend of slope stability. With the presented approach the formation and evolution of the Vögelsberg landslide can be understood and explained.
Multi-Scale Ensemble Booster for Improving Existing TSD Classifiers

Time Series Classification (TSC) is an essential task in Time Series Data (TSD) analysis. Ensemble-based approaches now achieve the best performance on TSC tasks. However, integrating numerous different models makes them highly suffer from heavy preprocessing. Even worse, non-deep-learning ensemble-based methods suffer from substantial computational costs due to lacking GPU acceleration. Multi-scale information in TSD can improve TSC performance. However, Existing TSD classifiers employing multi-scale information struggle with heavy preprocessing and cannot help other TSD classifiers obtain multi-scale feature extraction capabilities. Inspired by these, we proposed a performance enhancement framework called multi-scale ensemble booster (MEB), helping existing TSD classifiers achieve performance leaps. In MEB, we proposed an easy-to-combine network structure without changing any of their structure and hyperparameters, only needed to set one hyperparameter, consisting of multi-scale transformation and multi-output decision fusion. Then, a probability distribution co-evolution strategy is proposed to attain the optimal label probability distribution. We conducted numerous ablation experiments of MEB on 128 univariate datasets and 29 multivariate datasets and comparative experiments with 11 state-of-the-art methods, which demonstrated the significant performance improvement ability of MEB and the most advanced performance of the model enhanced by MEB, respectively. Furthermore, to figure out why MEB can improve model performance, we provided a chain of interpretability analyses. https://github.com/foryichuanqi/Multi-Scale-Ensemble-Booster-for-Improving-Existing-Time-Series-Data-Classifiers.
Exceptional Minimal Surfaces Whose Gauss Images Have Constant Curvature

$CP^{N-1}$ of constant holomorphic sectional curvature 2. Then the metric $d\hat{s}_{0}^{2}$ on $M$ induced by the Gauss map is $-Kds^{2}$ , which is degenerate at points where $K=0$ (see [7]). Let $\hat{K}_{0}$ denote the Gaussian curvature of $M$ with respect to $d\hat{s}_{0}^{2}$ , which is the Gaussian curvature of the Gauss image of $M$. Lawson [7], Hoffman and Osserman [4] discussed minimal surfaces in $R^{N}$ with constant $\hat{K}_{0}$ . In particular, they showed that if
Can Personality Traits Predict Students’ Satisfaction with Blended Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the impact of personality traits on student satisfaction with blended learning which many higher education institutions have adopted since the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Personality traits were assessed using the International Personality Item Pool and student satisfaction was recorded on a 7-point Likert scale. Data analysis of 72 undergraduate students revealed that low extraversion and high neuroticism predicted higher levels of student satisfaction. Implications are discussed considering the current pandemic with a view of increasing student satisfaction and in-turn improving National Student Survey results that impact on Teaching Excellence Framework scores and league tables.
Parent-infant psychoanalytic psychotherapy when child development is at risk: process assessment

The aim of this study is understanding the psychotherapeutic process in parent-infant psychoanalytic psychotherapy when child development is at risk, focusing on therapeutic interventions. Participants in the research were a 4-month-old baby at the beginning of psychotherapy, whose development was at risk – assessed from the Risk Indicators for Child Development (IRDI) - her parents and a psychotherapist. Thirty parent-infant psychotherapy sessions were carried out over nine months, being recorded in audio and video and subsequently described in detail for classification and intervention analysis by two independent judges. Frequency analysis and qualitative analysis of the collected data were performed. The results showed that there was a change in the types and number of therapeutic interventions used throughout the treatment. The interventions which occurred the most were those specific to parent-infant psychoanalytic psychotherapy when child development is at risk, referred to as prosody. It is known that there is still much to be explored, and further studies would be needed to understand how other interventions in parent-infant psychoanalytic psychotherapy when child development is at risk are characterized, considering that this case may have its specificities, taking into account the history of the family and also the background and personal characteristics of the psychotherapist.
Flow structure from an oscillating cylinder Part 2. Mode competition in the near wake

A circular cylinder subjected to forced oscillations at angle α with respect to the free stream shows a number of admissible modes of vortex formation synchronized with the body motion. These modes can be categorized into two basic groups: symmetrical vortex formation; and antisymmetrical vortex formation. Whereas there is a single symmetrical mode, there are four basic antisymmetrical modes. Three of these antisymmetrical modes show period doubling relative to the classical Kármán mode. This doubling arises from the symmetrical perturbation component induced by the cylinder motion at α ± 90°. Synchronization, i.e. phase-locking of the vortex shedding with the cylinder motion, is possible for all of these modes. It occurs even when streamwise (α = 0°) motion induces an antisymmetrical mode. When synchronization does not occur, there is competition between the symmetrical and antisymmetrical modes; the near-wake structure successively locks-on to each mode over a defined number of cycles, abruptly switching between modes. The number of occurrences of each mode is a well-defined function of excitation frequency and angle α. If, in contrast to steady-state motion of the cylinder, there is an initial transient motion, the transition between symmetrical and antisymmetrical modes has a markedly different character, emphasizing the importance of initial conditions. Abrupt onset of sinusoidal motion produces an initially synchronized symmetrical mode, which gradually decays to an antisymmetrical mode. The number of excitation cycles to onset of decay to antisymmetrical mode is highly repeatable. Moreover, the mechanism of decay of the near wake from the symmetrical to antisymmetrical mode can occur deterministically over a defined number of cycles.
Some extremal problems for convex bodies

If K is a convex body in n -dimensional space, let SK denote the closed n -dimensional sphere with centre at the origin and with volume equal to that of K . If H and K are two such convex bodies let C ( H , K ) denote the least convex cover of the union of H and K , and let V*(H, K) denote the maximum, taken over all points x for which the intersection is not empty, of the volume of the set . The object of this paper is to discuss some of the more interesting consequences of the following general theorem.
Validation of Packaged Clad-Etched Fiber Bragg Grating as Underwater Acoustic Sensor

The low intrinsic pressure sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors impede their potential applications in the field of hydro-acoustics. This article demonstrates a simple, yet effective way of improving the aggregate hydro-acoustic sensitivity of a bare FBG sensor through clad-etching of the fiber sensor followed by a side-hole polymer packaging. The proposed underwater acoustic sensor system is characterized and validated with a standard lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based hydrophone under various experimental conditions. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, such a high acoustic pressure sensitivity enhancement of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, in comparison with a bare FBG sensor, is reported using a conventional and highly operationally stable wavelength interrogation technique. The minimum detectable acoustic pressure is calculated to be <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Pa/ <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\text {Hz})^{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a maximum responsivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm/MPa in the investigated frequency range, with excellent performances in terms of linear response and repeatability. The dynamic range, in the present scenario, is only limited by the range of the interrogation system. The proposed underwater acoustic sensor along with the interrogation technique is a highly compact and cost-effective method for underwater acoustic sensing. Thus, the obtained results can be used for developing and producing long, narrow hydro-acoustic quasi-distributed sensor arrays for marine explorations and other applications.
Convergence in determining enzyme functional descriptors across Kemp eliminase variants

Molecular simulations have been extensively employed to accelerate biocatalytic discoveries. Enzyme functional descriptors derived from molecular simulations have been leveraged to guide the search for beneficial enzyme mutants. However, the ideal active-site region size for computing the descriptors over multiple enzyme variants remains untested. Here, we conducted convergence tests for dynamics-derived and electrostatic descriptors on 18 Kemp eliminase variants across six active-site regions with various boundary distances to the substrate. The tested descriptors include the root-mean-square deviation of the active-site region, the solvent accessible surface area ratio between the substrate and active site, and the projection of the electric field (EF) on the breaking C–H bond. All descriptors were evaluated using molecular mechanics methods. To understand the effects of electronic structure, the EF was also evaluated using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. The descriptor values were computed for 18 Kemp eliminase variants. Spearman correlation matrices were used to determine the region size condition under which further expansion of the region boundary does not substantially change the ranking of descriptor values. We observed that protein dynamics-derived descriptors, including RMSDactive_site and SASAratio, converge at a distance cutoff of 5 Å from the substrate. The electrostatic descriptor, EFC–H, converges at 6 Å using molecular mechanics methods with truncated enzyme models and 4 Å using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods with whole enzyme model. This study serves as a future reference to determine descriptors for predictive modeling of enzyme engineering.