Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of year-round stocking rates and stocking methods on performance of cow-calf pairs grazing dallisgrass-common bermudagrass pastures overseeded with annual ryegrass1

Beef producers throughout the United States frequently are restricted to a fixed land area that varies considerably in carrying capacity throughout the year. Much of the research that has focused on stocking rate and methods (continuous, rotational) has failed to recognize the inability of most producers to use a variable stocking rate. Two sets of 4 adjacent pastures, each containing a mixed warm-season, perennial grass sod [common bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ; dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir. ] were overseeded to ‘Marshall’ annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the autumn of 3 consecutive years. Within each set of 4 pastures, one of the following grazing treatments was randomly assigned each pasture: continuous stocked at a low, medium, or high stocking rate (CL, CM, and CH) and rotational stocked (8 paddocks) at a high stocking rate (RH). Low, medium, and high stocking rates were 1.25, 2, and 2.75 cows/ha, respectively. Brangus cows and their suckling calves were stocked on treatment pastures in February 1999. Available forage mass tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for CL than CM in the late spring and was greater (P < 0.05) for CL than CM in the summer grazing season. Differences in forage nutritive value were largely associated with the stocking method comparison, favoring CH in the early spring (percent CP, percent in vitro true digestibility, and percent ADF; P < 0.01) and summer (percent CP and percent ADF; P < 0.01) grazing seasons. Cow-calf productivity, as measured by kilograms of calf wean weight per hectare, increased (P < 0.01) in response to increases in stocking rate, but was similar between the continuous and rotational stocking methods at the high stocking rate.
PEGylation of Terminal Ligands as a Route to Decrease the Toxicity of Radiocontrast Re6-Clusters

The development of novel radiocontrast agents, mainly used for the visualization of blood vessels, is still an emerging task due to the variety of side effects of conventional X-ray contrast media. Recently, we have shown that octahedral chalcogenide rhenium clusters with phosphine ligands—Na2H14[{Re6Q8}(P(C2H4COO)3)6] (Q = S, Se)—can be considered as promising X-ray contrast agents if their relatively high toxicity related to the high charge of the complexes can be overcome. To address this issue, we propose one of the most widely used methods for tuning the properties of proteins and peptides—PEGylation (PEG is polyethylene glycol). The reaction between the clusters and PEG-400 was carried out in acidic aqueous media and resulted in the binding of up to five carboxylate groups with PEG. The study of cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells and acute toxicity in mice showed a twofold reduction in toxicity after PEGylation, demonstrating the success of the strategy chosen. Finally, the compound obtained has been used for the visualization of blood vessels of laboratory rats by angiography and computed tomography.
The Interplay between Cannabinoid Receptors and Microglia in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by massive neuronal death, brain atrophy, and loss of neurons and synapses, which all lead to a progressive cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation has been recently identified as one of the main causes of AD progression, and microglia cells are considered to have a central role in this process. Growing evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be used as preventive treatment for AD. An altered expression of the endocannabinoids (eCBs) and their receptors (CBRs) is reported in several neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Moreover, the modulation of CBRs demonstrated neuroprotective effects in reducing aggregated protein deposition, suggesting the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic CBR ligands in the treatment of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of CBRs in the modulation of microglia activation phenotypes, highlighting the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, like AD. We also provide an overview of recently developed candidate drugs targeting CBRs that may afford a new innovative strategy for the treatment and management of AD.
Climatology of the Low-Level Jet East of the Andes as Derived from the NCEP–NCAR Reanalyses: Characteristics and Temporal Variability

Abstract A climatology of the South American low-level jet east of the Andes (SALLJ) is developed using the 1950– 2000 circulation and moisture fields from the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses and available upper-air observations made in Bolivia and Paraguay since 1998. Upper- and low-level circulation fields were derived for seasonal means and SALLJ composites during the warm and cold seasons. The Bonner criterion 1 was applied for sites in central Bolivia and downstream near northern Paraguay, to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the SALLJ. On the circulation characteristics, SALLJ composites during the warm season show the enhanced low-level meridional moisture transport coming from equatorial South America as well as an upper-level wave train emanating from the west Pacific propagating toward South America. The intensification of the warm season SALLJ follows the establishment of an upper-level ridge over southern Brazil and a trough over most of Argentina. The circulation anomalies at upper a.
Robust Susceptibility of Cloud Cover and Radiative Effects to Biases in Retrieved Droplet Concentrations

The quantification of cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is essential in gaining insights into the aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI), contributing to the most significant source of anthropogenic climate forcing uncertainty. This study compared the retrieved Nd from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at pixel and scene levels and analyzed the changes in the susceptibility of cloud albedo (CA), cloud fraction (CF), and cloud radiative effect (CRE) to Nd. The results show that the differences between the pixel‐level cloud products from VIIRS and MODIS are caused by a combination of factors including cloud detectability, spatial resolution, and wavelengths of channels. As cloud top inhomogeneity increases, the differences become more significant. This deviation finally results in VIIRS achieving a global average of 40% higher Nd than MODIS. Although the non‐systematic differences cause an inevitable variability in the dependence of CA, CF, and CRE on Nd, the strong susceptibilities of these cloud properties to Nd are similar for both VIIRS and MODIS. This study found minimal impact on the susceptibilities, whether using the average Nd or that of the top 10% reflective clouds. This study further supports the conclusion that cloud cover and radiative effect are highly susceptible to variations in Nd, which can reduce uncertainty when evaluating the cooling effect of ACI in the context of global warming.
AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRADUATE INTERNSâ€™ CAPABILITIES ON THE SUCCESSFUL OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PROGRAMME IN MALAYSIA

is a prerequisite for a success of knowledge transfer programme initiatives. The effort provides a platform for exchange of ideas either tangible or intangible, expertise, explicit or implicit knowledge and skills among parties involved. Companies are now beginning to recognize the fundamental value of knowledge transfer mechanism on how it is acquired, used and shared which contribute to their core competencies and in making sound strategic decisions to maintain the competitive advantage in todayâ€™s business environment. As to promote the ideas of knowledge transfer, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Malaysia has underlined the graduate internsâ€™ capability as one of the areas under the critical agenda which need to be addressed in portraying the success of the knowledge transfer programme (KTP). Therefore, in order to obtain deeper insights of the issue, this project attempts to examine the contribution of graduate intern capabilities towards the success of KTP project in Malaysia. This study has employed a questionnaire that has been distributed to academics in the public universities in Malaysia who have obtained KTP grants from the government. The study has revealed that graduate internsâ€™ capabilities contribute significantly to the implementation of knowledge transfer projects. Thus, higher education institutions must then address and review its present teaching and learning delivery to enhance studentsâ€™ capabilities in dealing with the industry as well as with community. Keywords: knowledge transfer, graduate internsâ€™ capability, tacit knowledge, implicit knowledge, explicit knowledge, knowledge transfer mechanism
SwinIPISR: A Super-Resolution Method for Infrared Polarization Imaging Sensors via Swin Transformer

The performance of the emerging infrared polarization remote sensing systems is limited by the use of infrared polarization imaging sensors and cannot produce high-resolution (HR) infrared polarization images. The lack of HR infrared polarization imaging sensors and systems hinders the development and application of infrared polarization imaging technology. The existing infrared image super-resolution (SR) methods fail to improve the resolution of infrared polarization images (IRPIs) while preserving the infrared polarization information inherent in the IRPIs; thus, aiming at obtaining accurate HR infrared polarization images, this study proposed a deep-learning-based SR method, SwinIPISR, to improve infrared polarization image resolution and preserve the infrared polarization information of the target or scene. The performance of the proposed SwinIPISR was verified and compared with existing SR methods. In contrast to other methods, SwinIPISR not only improves image resolution but also retains polarization information of the scene and objects in the polarization image. Further, the impact of the network depth of SwinIPISR on the SR performance was evaluated through experiments. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed SwinIPISR in enhancing the image resolution and visual effects of infrared polarization images without compromising the polarization information.
Examining the Feasibility of Incorporating Social Media Platforms into Professional Training Programs

: The efficacy of incorporating social media platforms into professional training programs remains uncertain and ambiguous. To optimize the effectiveness of utilizing social media platforms in such programs, it is imperative to comprehend the requirements and influences of instructors and organizations, as well as the preferences and needs of the target audience. This necessitates finding a harmonious balance between leveraging the interactive features of social media and effectively mitigating potential challenges. That is why this research adopts a qualitative case study approach in order to examine the feasibility of incorporating social media platforms into professional training programs. The study involved pre-service instructors from three universities in Saudi Arabia which pursued their studies at the faculty of Computer Sciences and engaged in training courses. The findings of the study indicate that, Twitter emerges as the predominant social media application employed for educational and learning endeavours on a daily basis. The level of belief in the efficacy of social media applications as effective learning environments is substantial. Despite the considerable difficulties individuals encounter in communicating with their peers and professionals during training courses, the individuals involved persist in their efforts. The influence of social media applications on the sharing of learning content with colleagues is significant, indicating a substantial impact. In addition, the utilization of social media applications and the act of sharing content with colleagues have a significant impact on the learning process of pre-service teachers.
Taxonomic study on Elaphomyces spp. (Ascomycota, Eurotiales, Elaphomycetaceae) from Michoacan, Mexico

The species of the genus Elaphomyces are scarcely known in Mexico in spite of its ecological and traditional importance. In this paper Elaphomyces aculeatus and E. maculatus are cited for the first time to Mexico and E. muricatus from Michoacan State. The specimens were colected from pine-oak forests, oak forest and mesophic cloudy forest. The species were associated with Quercus spp. , except E. aculeatus that was collected under Carpinus caroliniana. truffles, false truffles, hypogeous fungi, mycorrhiza Las especies del genero Elaphomyces son poco conocidas en Mexico a pesar de su importancia ecologica y tradicional. En este trabajo se citan por primera vez para Mexico Elaphomyces aculeatus y E. maculatus y para el Estado de Michoacan, E. muricatus. Los especimenes fueron colectados de bosques de pino-encino, encino y bosque mesofilo de montana. Las especies estaban asociadas a Quercus spp. , con excepcion de E. aculeatus que se colecto bajo Carpinus caroliniana. trufas, pseudotrufas, hongos hipogeos, micorrizas
Evaluating the Academic Performance of Mustansiriyah Medical College Teaching Staff vs. Final-Year Students Failure Rates

Background: Evaluating medical colleges' teaching staff performance is an essential topic for evaluating academic performance. Objective: To assess the academic performance of the teaching staff in the pediatric, surgical, and gynecology branches in comparison to the medicine branch performance from 2014 to 2018. Methods: The total number and the number of failed students being examined in final years were obtained officially from the examination committee in Mustansiriyah Medical College for the final 6th-year students for the four main branches (medicine, pediatrics, surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology). The students' number in the medicine branch was used as the control group against which the performance of other branches was compared. We utilized the odds ratio from meta-analysis statistics and compared student failure and success rates. Results: The odd ratio of pediatric branch performance versus medicine branch was 1.02 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.68–1.53, while for surgery, it was 0.67 with a 95% CI (0.46 to 0.98) and 3.13 with a 95% CI (1.79 to 5.47) for the obstetrics and the gynecology departments. Conclusion: The performance of the pediatric branch was the only one compatible with the performance of the medicine branch. In contrast, both the surgery and gynecology branches significantly deviated from the medicine branch's performance. Further research is needed to pinpoint the causes of these performance deviations.
On Optimization of Short Video Data Dissemination in Edge Networks

To optimize short video data dissemination in edge networks, we propose a novel 3-layered network model. Based on the model, we investigate the optimal edge caching node selection problem, which is proved NP-hard. We also analyzed the upper and lower bounds of the data dissemination range in our proposed model. We developed the graph-attention-based cache propagation for degree calculation (GACPD) to predict the dissemination scale of short video data for each caching node, and the graph embedding and GAT-based caching node selection (GEG) algorithm to select the optimal caching nodes. We implement the GEG algorithm and evaluate its performance on both real and simulated data sets. It is found that GEG can reduce the backbone network traffic by 30% to 50%, as well as with 18% to 30% network bandwidth utilization improvement, compared with the existing ICS and CDA algorithms.
Beyond COP 21: Potential and challenges of the “4 per Thousand” initiative

Climate change negotiations at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21) in Paris (November 30 to December 11, 2015) were unique because soil carbon (C) and agriculture were on the agenda for the first time ever since COP meetings started 21 years ago. The “4 per Thousand” proposal calls for a voluntary action plan to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) content of world soils to a 40 cm (16 in) depth at the rate of 0.4% per year. The strategy is to promote SOC sequestration through adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs) of C farming including conservation agriculture (CA), mulch farming, cover cropping, agroforestry, biochar, improved grazing, and restoration of degraded soils through soil-landscape restoration, etc. Theoretically, the world's cropland soils could sequester as much as 62 t ha−1 (25 tn ac−1) over the next 50 to 75 years (0.8 to 1.2 t ha−1 y−1 [0.3 to 0.5 tn ac−1 yr−1]) with a total C sink capacity of ~88 Gt (~97 billion tn) on 1,400 Mha (3,500 million ac). In addition, there is also SOC sequestration potential of grazing lands, forest lands, and degraded and desertified lands. With global implementation,…
Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Three Medicinal Plants from the Western Part of the Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria

The present study examined the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of three medicinal plants: thyme (Thymus callieri Borbás ex Velen), cotton thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.), and hawthorn fruit (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) from the Western Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. The first stage determined the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, ash, carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamin C) of the three herbs. The second stage investigated four types of extracts (aqueous, oil, methanolic, and ethanolic) of each herb and evaluated their total phenolic content, the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids), their antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Thyme was characterised by the highest ash, protein, and vitamin C content (6.62%, 11.30%, and 571 mg/100 g, respectively). Hawthorn fruit showed the highest moisture and carbohydrate content (8.50% and 4.20%, respectively). The 70% ethanolic extracts of the three herbs exhibited the highest levels of phenolic compounds and, consequently, pronounced antioxidant activity, compared to the other three types of extracts. The aqueous, oil, methanolic, and ethanolic thyme extracts demonstrated the highest total phenolic content—TPC (27.20 mg GAE/g, 8.20 mg GAE/g, 31.70 mg GAE/g, and 310.00 mg GAE/g, respectively), compared to the extracts of the other two plants. These results were consistent with the highest antioxidant activity of the thyme extracts determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) assay (except for the oil extract examined using the DPPH method). The results from the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the flavonoid quercetin-3-ß-glucoside had the highest concentration in thyme (374.5 mg/100 g), while myricetin dominated in the cotton thistle (152.3 mg/100 g). The phenolic acid content analysis showed prevalence of rosmaric acid in the thyme (995 mg/100 g), whereas chlorogenic acid was detected in the highest concentration in the cotton thistle and hawthorn fruit (324 mg/100 g and 27.7 mg/100 g, respectively). The aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts showed moderate to high antibacterial potential but limited antifungal activity. None of the oil extracts inhibited the test microorganisms used in the study.
Semiotic Knowledge Models for Personal Knowledge Repositories

: Knowledge graphs have been used successfully to represent and acquire general knowledge and have also been proposed for personal knowledge representations. While general knowledge data can be modelled statistically as being a noisy projection of universal (and crisp) entities, categories, and relationships, personal knowledge data requires a more refined model: each user’s peculiarities and fluctuations in associating words with meanings and meanings with words should be tracked and analysed instead of being treated as noise and averaged out. This position paper describes a semiotic knowledge model whose primitives are the signification events which occur when symbols such as words and linguistic expressions are associated with an instantaneous meaning. Semiotic structures constructed from these primitives with users’ active participation, enable them to create, update, modify, organize, re-organize and curate detailed and comprehensive representations of their own personal knowledge by means of their own personal terminologies, taxonomies, and organizational schemes.
Petrophysical analysis of the Cajon Pass Scientific Well: Implications for fluid flow and seismic studies in the continental crust

In the framework of the Cajon Pass scientific drilling project in the vicinity of the San Andreas fault system, petrophysical analysis of the retrieved core was focused on elastic properties, density, porosity, and permeability. Simultaneous study of rock mineral composition, texture, degree of metamorphism, and fracture filling yielded a petrophysical classification of the studied rock that is convenient for the interpretation of the downhole logging data. Given the small percentage of the hole drilled with coring, the geophysical data were used to construct a lithologic-petrophysical column of the well. Most of the petrophysical variability seen in this column is the result of laumontite alteration of granitoids during retrograde metamorphism in the zeolite facies. The intensity peaks of the alteration process are spatially confined to the oblique reverse faults (25°–40° dip angles as observed in the core and borehole televiewer images) accompanied by brittle deformation of the adjacent granitoids. The marked drop in density, velocity, and elastic moduli and the noticeable increase in porosity and permeability of these altered fault zone rocks are enhanced owing to in situ stress shielding. The low velocity and density and higher permeability associated with these faults makes them detectable seismic reflectors and hydrologic conduits in the upper crust. By contrast, based on our data analysis, the matrix of the intact crystalline rock in situ is inferred to be essentially free of microcracks and interconnected channels with free water. A detailed analysis of the various factors affecting the microcrack introduction into the cores retrieved from deep and superdeep holes is presented to show that a unique interpretation of in situ stresses from analysis of microcracks in cores is not possible without a better understanding of the mechanisms of crack formation.