Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved PWM-Induced Losses Prediction Method in IPM Synchronous Machines for Traction Applications

Drive cycle efficiency is a key requirement for automotive traction applications. The losses due to pulse width modulation (PWM) switching is a dominant loss component under typical automotive drive cycles. Mapping PWM-induced losses is difficult in terms of computational time and calculation accuracy. This paper discusses an efficient PWM-induced losses prediction method under different switching frequencies. It starts with a numerical method to capture current waveforms accurately based on nonlinear motor characteristics. Next, the full mapping of PWM-induced losses is calculated in finite element analysis (FEA) with the current waveform inputs, and the process is repeated with limited number of switching frequencies. A proposed procedure is discussed to construct the polynomial regression model for PWM-induced losses with these data samples. In this way, the proposed method is capable of estimating PWM-induced losses for variable switching frequencies effectively. The method is compared to the most common PWM-induced loss approximation method in commercial software. Comparison with test results shows that the addition of PWM-induced core losses has significant improvement on the drive cycle efficiency and the full efficiency map accuracy.
Photonic-assisted self-interference cancellation frequency downconverter for radio-over-fiber transmissions

A photonic-assisted self-interference cancellation downconverter for radio-over-fiber transmissions is proposed. In this work, a dual-parallel dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DMZM) is used to achieve carrier-suppressed single sideband modulation (CS-SSB), which achieves self-interference cancellation (SIC) in the optical domain. Meanwhile, the proposed system can downconvert the transmitted signal and overcome the chromatic dispersion-induced power fading (CDIP). The simulation results show that the proposed SIC scheme has a large operating bandwidth and high transmission quality. The cancellation depth of wideband SIC can be greater than 20 dB.
A 0/-5V High-Voltage Driver with Non-Overlapping Inverted Outputs in 65-nm CMOS Technology

In this paper, a 0/-5V high-voltage driver with non-overlapping inverted outputs is designed. The output stage circuit not only achieves dead-time control of the two control signals for each driver, but also provides non-overlapping inverted outputs on chip with sufficient drive capability. The work is implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology and achieves a total delay of 4.82 ns at a working frequency of 10 MHz, with a rising time of 2.15 ns and a falling time of 2.01 ns.
Les gisements de spinelles chromifères

Les spinelles chromiferes sont des mineraux accessoires communs des peridotites mantellaires et des magmas et cumulats basiques-ultrabasiques. On peut separer ces differents types de roches sur des diagrammes representant la composition des spinelles. En ce qui concerne les gisements de chromite, on distingue trois principaux types : les gisements stratiformes des complexes stratifies basiques-ultrabasiques (Bushveld, Great Dyke) ; les gisements podiformes des complexes ophiolitiques (Nouvelle-Caledonie) et les gisements des roches ultrabasiques archeennes (Selukwe). Le premier represente les plus grosses reserves, les deux autres les meilleurs minerais. Pour chacun de ces types sont rappeles le cadre geologique, la description des corps mineralises, du minerai et les donnees geochimiques ; enfin les hypotheses genetiques sont presentees. On connait aussi des concentrations de chromite, generalement non exploitables, dans les complexes basiques-ultrabasiques annulaires, dans les cumulats ophiolitiques, dans les complexes stratifies anorthositiques archeens et dans certains filons pyroxenitiques des massifs lherzolitiques. En conclusion, il apparait : 1) que les complexes magmatiques precambriens sont les plus gros porteurs de concentrations de spinelles chromiferes, et 2) que les spinelles les plus chromiferes sont associes a des magmas tres magnesiens.
A Robust Design Method of Desaturation Protection Circuit for Silicon Carbide Power MOSFETs

Desaturation (DESAT) protection is a widely used short circuit (SC) protection method for power semiconductors. A method for the parametric design of the DESAT protection for silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs is introduced, substantially improving the robustness of the protection circuit under normal operation and SC fault scenarios. The approach is grounded on the mathematical modeling of the protection circuit’s behavioral constraints and performance metric - namely, the blanking time. The task of optimization is addressed by computing the worst-case (WC) scenario, providing a robust and viable solution for the passive component sizing that also factors in manufacturing tolerances. When compared to the nominal optimized solution, the WC optimized solution for the DESAT circuit substantially mitigates the potential for false-triggering during the normal turn-ON process and malfunctioning in hard-switching fault (HSF) events, all while incurring only a slight trade-off in SC response performance. Experimental results from 300V multi-pulse and SC testing of a half-bridge circuit reinforce the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Single-Cell-Based Injection Method for Circulating Current Control in MMC

Modular multilevel converters are becoming more and more attractive for many high-voltage high-power applications. However, due to their topology and operation they present technical challenges in the implementation of the control system, such as balancing of the submodule capacitor voltages and suppressing the circulating currents. The circulating current introduces additional power losses, increases the current stress on power devices and reduces their lifetime. The aim of this paper is to propose an innovative control technique for the elimination of the circulating current by injecting a low-frequency alternating signal into a single submodule of each converter arm, to also achieve a reduction of the voltage ripple across capacitor, beneficial to extend their lifetime. Experimental results performed on a seven-levels converter are presented to validate the proposed technique and assess its performance in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches.
Design and Diagnostic Algorithm Considering Iron Loss of Propulsion AXFPM for Aircraft

The AXFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor) is considered as a representative motor with high power density. However, since AXFPM has a more complex structure than RFPM (Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor), so various considerations are required in design and manufacturing to secure durability and reliability. In particular, the modular core is a design method mainly used in AXFPM, but it has a relatively large iron loss, so it is important to minimizae iron loss with a manufacturing technology suitable for high-efficiency AXFPM. In this paper, we analyzed the causes affecting iron loss of AXFPM from the design and manufacturing point of view and proposed a diagnostic method to discover motors that cause excessive iron loss.
A Strategy of Charging and Discharging for Electric Vehicle Aggregate Considering the Correction Coefficient of Load Peak and Load Valley

This article proposes a charging and discharging method for electric vehicle aggregate that takes into account the peak valley correction coefficient of the grid bus load. Based on the load prediction results of the power grid bus, this article aims to optimize the overall economic benefits of electric vehicle aggregates for electric vehicle users in the future, with the goal of minimizing the total charging and discharging costs. It also takes into account the charging during peak and low load periods, which is the charging and discharging point method that is opposite to the peak and valley of the load, and increases the correction coefficient of load peaks and valleys in the optimization goal, That is, considering the impact of load peaks and valleys, in order to reduce the charging amount during peak loads, and reserve as much dischargeable electricity as possible, increase the charging amount during low periods, and achieve peak shaving and valley filling while improving the economic benefits of electric vehicle users, ensuring the safe operation of the power grid. Through numerical simulation, it can be seen that the strategy proposed in this article achieves peak shaving and valley filling, effectively reducing the peak valley difference. Moreover, the effect is very significant in reducing the charging cost of car owners and improving the revenue of charging stations, achieving a win-win situation between car owners and charging stations in terms of economic benefits. Therefore, the method proposed in this article is effective and has practical application value.
Design of a Multilayer Longitudinally Compact UWB 3-dB Microwave Coupler using Multiple Apertures

Miniaturization of 3-dB couplers in transverse direction (width) has been greatly discussed in the literature while little to no information is available on reducing the coupler length. This is because of the trade-off between coupler length and bandwidth. A wideband coupler can be designed using the conventional Bethe-Hole theory which suggests adding multiple apertures in the longitudinal direction, thus increasing the device length. Another factor is aperture size which determines the coupling strength and puts additional strain on compactness of a 3-dB coupler. Contrariwise, this paper proposes to merge two weak (and hence compact) coupling mechanisms to design a wideband 3-dB coupler. This is achieved by using a longitudinal rectangular slot and three cross-slots in the transverse direction. Because of weak coupling, the slot sizes are smaller than a conventional 3-dB coupler, hence yielding a device whose length is less than one guided wavelength ($\lambda_{g}$) without compromising on the bandwidth. The presented coupler is 0.63$\lambda_{g}$ in length which is smaller than the state-of-the-art while maintaining a fractional bandwidth of 37.7% which is comparable to Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) couplers.
Book of

The manipulation of magnetic textures such as domain walls and skyrmions in ultra-thin films and nanowires is important for the development of magnetic memories [1, 2] and raises many issues of fundamental physics. A magnetic domain wall presents a great variety of dynamical regimes, which depends on the strength and on the nature (magnetic field or spin polarized current) of the driving force. For a sufficiently large force, the walls move in flow regimes limited by dissipation and controlled by the dynamics of wall magnetic texture. At sufficiently low drive, the pinning of walls by disorder results in a thermally activated creep motion over effective pinning energy barriers, and in a depinning regime, associated to the collapse of pinning energy barrier. Since the seminal paper
Sentiment Analysis on Banking Feedback and News Data using Synonyms and Antonyms

—Sentiment analysis is crucial for deciphering customers’ enthusiasm, frustration, and the market mood within the banking sector. This importance arises from financial data’s specialized and sensitive nature, enabling a deeper understanding of customer sentiments. In today’s digital and social marketing landscape within the banking and financial sector, sentiment analysis is significant in shaping customer insights, product development, brand reputation management, risk management, customer service improvement, fraud detection, market research, compliance regulations, etc. This paper introduces a novel approach to sentiment analysis in the banking sector, emphasizing integrating diverse text features to enable dynamic analysis. This proposed approach aims to assess the sentiment score of distinct words used within a document and classify them as positive, negative, or neutral. After rephrasing sentences using synonyms and antonyms of unique words, the system calculates sentence similarity using a distance control mechanism. Then, the system updates the dataset with the positive, negative, and neutral labels. Ultimately, the ELECTRA model utilizes the self-trained sentiment-scored data dictionary, and the newly created dataset is processed using the SoftMax activation function in combination with a customized ADAM optimizer. The approach’s effectiveness is confirmed through the analysis of post-bank customer feedback and the phrase bank dataset, yielding accuracy scores of 92.15% and 93.47%, respectively. This study stands out due to its unique approach, which centers on evaluating customer satisfaction and market sentiment by utilizing sentiment scores of words and assessing sentence similarities.
Promises, Challenges and Opportunities of Integrating SDN and Blockchain with IoT Applications: A Survey

—Security is a major issue in the IT world, and its aim is to maintain user confidence and the coherence of the entire information system. Various international and European research projects, as well as IT manufacturers, have proposed new solutions and mechanisms to solve the problem of security in the IoT environment. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Blockchain are advanced technologies utilized globally for establishing secure network communication and constructing resilient network infrastructures. They serve as a robust and dependable foundation for addressing various challenges, including security, privacy, scalability, and access control. Indeed, SDN and Blockchain technologies have demonstrated their ability to efficiently manage resource utilization and facilitate secure network communication within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Nonetheless, there exists a research gap concerning the creation of a comprehensive framework that can fulfill the unique requirements of the IoT environment. Consequently, this paper presents a recent investigation into the integration of SDN and Blockchain with IoT. The objective is to analyze their primary contributions and identify the challenges involved. Subsequently, we offer relevant recommendations to address these challenges and enhance the security and privacy of the IoT landscape.
Salivary epigenetic measures of body mass

IMPORTANCE Children who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are at increased risk for high body mass index (BMI) and multiple diseases in adulthood. The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis proposes that early life conditions affect later-life health in a manner that is only partially modifiable by later-life experiences. OBJECTIVE To examine whether epigenetic measures of BMI developed in adults are valid biomarkers of childhood BMI and if they are sensitive to early life social determinants of health.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Immunohistochemistry for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Objective: Currently, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells are diagnosed under the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) 2018 guidelines. The guideline combined the results of in situ hybridization (DISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. The IHC technique is easy, cheap, and suitable for developing country. Therefore, in this study, we validated the use of IHC alone compared to the results of HER2 amplification under ASCO/CAP 2018 guidelines in diagnosed HER2 positive breast cancer cells. Methods: A total of 510 breast cancer tissue samples from Rajavithi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, from January 1st, 2022, to May 31st, 2023, were analyzed by IHC, followed by dual ISH (DISH). We selected 58 samples of IHC equivocal (score 2+) and 98 samples of IHC positive (score 3+) to analyze the diagnostic values by comparing them to the results of HER2 amplification. Results: The HER2 IHC score was found to agree with HER2 amplification with a sensitivity of 87.96%, a specificity of 93.75%, a positive predictive value of 96.94%, a negative predictive value of 77.59%, a positive likelihood ratio of 14.07, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.13, and an accuracy of 89.74%. Conclusion: The promising outcomes suggest that a positive IHC test result (score 3+) could potentially stand alone for patients with breast cancer undergoing anti-HER2 treatment, even without DISH confirmation.
Characterisation of the cork growth and quality of cork oak woodlands, North-West Algeria

ABSTRACT Cork growth and quality were characterised in eight cork oak stands within the production area of Oran (Oranie, Fr) (North-West, Algeria), based on a field sampling on 75 trees/stand. Cork thickness was on average 26.50 mm, with 44% of the samples in the commercial classes unsuitable for production of stoppers. The annual average cork growth for a production cycle with 10 complete growth years was 2.43 mm. For this region, a production cycle of 12 years is not adequate for raw-material industrial requirements. The aspect of cork is characterised by 11 intrinsic and extrinsic defects. The average density of cork is 256.77 kg/m3 and the porosity, measured by image analysis, 4.6%. The quality of cork according to the Instituto de Promocion de Corcho (IPROCOR) standards categorises the thin cork as the most-valued product, intended for the manufacture of the discs. This is in conformity with the slow growth of cork in this region.
Effect of spatial scale on urban land-use pattern analysis in different classification systems : An empirical study in the CBD of Tokyo

Urban land-use pattern occurs not only at certain spatial scale but also at certain classification system. Study of spatial scale effect on urban land-use pattern analysis for construction of spatial model of urban land-use changes entails consideration of urban land-use classification system selected. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect characteristics of spatial scale on the result of urban land-use pattern analysis for two different classification systems in terms of spatial autocorrelation and fuzzy mathematics by an empirical study in the CBD (Central Business District) of Tokyo so as to provide some useful information for construction of multi-scale or hierarchical spatial model of urban dynamics. The results show that while spatial autocorrelation of all the categories of urban land-use at different classification systems in this study is scale-dependent, characteristics of the spatial scale effect on pattern of urban land-use categories are different for different classification systems. However, the general change trends of spatial autocorrelation of urban land-use for different classification systems show similar across a range of scale. Reducing number of urban land-use categories for one classification system may diminish the loss of information of land-use area across the range of scale and the effect of spatial scale on urban land-use pattern analysis in the certain extent.
Stents metálicos autoexpandibles en la obstrucción maligna del esófago: estudio multicéntrico por 25 años

Antecedentes: las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles mejoran la disfagia en pacientes con cáncer esofágico (CE) incurable. En las últimas décadas se han introducido nuevos tipos de stents y se ha implementado la quimiorradioterapia para el CE, generando cambios en los perfiles de riesgo de los pacientes. Se desconoce si estos cambios han afectado la paliación con stents. Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo en tres centros de Medellín-Colombia; pacientes sometidos a colocación de prótesis esofágicas paliativas para disfagia maligna (1997-2022). Se evaluaron en dos períodos: 1997-2009 (n = 289) y 2010-2022 (n = 318), complicaciones mayores y menores después del implante, la influencia de las terapias oncológicas y la sobrevida. Resultados: se evaluaron 607 pacientes sometidos a prótesis esofágicas. 296 (48,8%) se complicaron, y fue mayor en el segundo periodo (52,5% frente a 48,1%), al igual que las complicaciones mayores (20,8% frente a 14,2%, p = 0,033), sin diferencias en complicaciones menores (33,9% frente a 31,8%, p = 0,765). 190 (31,3%) pacientes presentaron disfagia recurrente, estable en ambos períodos. La migración aumentó con el tiempo (de 13,1% a 18,2%, p = 0,09). El evento adverso menor más frecuente fue dolor, que aumentó con el tiempo (de 24,9% a 33,95%, p < 0,01), y los factores asociados fueron quimiorradioterapia, ausencia de fístula y carcinoma de células escamosas. El reflujo ácido disminuyó en el segundo grupo (p = 0,038). El 12% de pacientes requirieron otra intervención para alimentarse. No se impactó la sobrevida con el tiempo y uso de stents. Conclusiones: los stents son una alternativa en la disfagia maligna no quirúrgica, aunque la disfagia recurrente no ha disminuido con el tiempo. Las complicaciones menores relacionadas con el stent van en aumento, asociadas a la implementación de la quimiorradioterapia.
RSM-optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of R. laevigata polysaccharides with bioactivities

Rosa laevigata Michx. is an edible traditional Chinese medicinal herb that possesses several health benefits. This study optimized the microwave-assisted extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata fruits and investigated the antimicrobial potency and the antioxidant activity of Rosa laevigata polysaccharides. The microwave power, extraction time, the number of extraction, and the solvent-to-solid ratio were established using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using screening experiments. Maximum polysaccharides yields were obtained when extraction was done for 18 min at a microwave power of 516 W and using a liquid-solid ratio of 54 mL/g. The polysaccharides yield was 20.37 % under the optimized conditions (predictive value for 20.40 %). This study also determined the antioxidant activity and the antibacterial potency of Rosa laevigata fruits to enhance their functional characterization and medicinal use. The antioxidant experiment showed that when the concentration was 5.0 mg/mL, polysaccharides had the strongest scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, and the scavenging rate was 83.06 % and 99.38 % respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial experiment showed that the polysaccharides exhibited prominent inhibition activities, the MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 3.13 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Rosa laevigata Michx. ; polysaccharides; microwave-assisted extraction; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity
Using High-Performance Computing to Support Water Resource Planning: A Workshop Demonstration of Real-Time Analytic Facilitation for the Colorado River Basin

In recent years, decision support modeling has embraced deliberation-withanalysis—an iterative process in which decisionmakers come together with experts to evaluate a complex problem and alternative solutions in a scientifically rigorous and transparent manner. Simulation modeling supports decisionmaking throughout this process; visualizations enable decisionmakers to assess how proposed strategies stand up over time in uncertain conditions. But running these simulation models over standard computers can be slow. This, in turn, can slow the entire decisionmaking process, interrupting valuable interaction between decisionmakers and analytics.
Government roles in emergency communication response

This chapter looks primarily at the bushfires (sometimes called ‘wildfires’ or ‘forest fires’) in theCatalonian province of Spain and the resulting lessons learnt in managing the communicationduring these crises. In doing so, it also reflects, where applicable, on the lessons on the catastrophicfires in the state of Victoria in Australia in 2009. These two populous regions represent some of themost fire prone areas of the world.