Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The test of time. Clock-cycle estimation and test challenges for future microprocessors

Even with aggressive new technology, the complex high-performance processor will require special design techniques and architectures to take advantage of new interconnect and transistor technology. Microprocessor on-chip clock frequencies of multiple GHz are predicted for future generations. However, significant development is necessary in technology, manufacturing, and design CAD tools in order to achieve the performance, manufacturability, and reliability desired for these future products. Design must own the test function. The ability of test to continue supporting at-speed testing has reached physical limits as well as cost impacts that will make testing a very high design priority.
Full-Bit Functional, High-Density 8 Mbit One Transistor–One Capacitor Ferroelectric Random Access Memory Embedded within a Low-Power 130 nm Logic Process

We report the electrical properties of a full-bit functional 8 Mbit one transitor–one capacitor (1T–1C) embedded ferroelectric random access memory (eFRAM) fabricated within a low-leakage 130 nm 5 lm Cu interconnect complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic process. To increase manufacturability and reliability margins, we have introduced a single-bit substitution methodology that replaces bits at the low-end of the original distribution with redundant elements leading to an increased signal margin. Further, we have fabricated a digital signal processor (DSP) using the eFRAM process flow and have shown that the operating frequency is nearly the same relative to the CMOS baseline. With the development of logic-compatible eFRAM, we have created a technology platform that enables ultra-low-power devices.
Analysis and implementation of a novel single-switch high step-up DC-DC converter

A novel high step-up DC-DC converter, which is composed of one boost converter, two capacitors, two diodes and one coupled inductor, is presented in this study. The concept is that the two capacitors are charged in parallel and are discharged in series via the coupled inductor to achieve high step-up voltage gain under appropriate duty ratio. Also, the leakage-inductor energy of the coupled inductor is recycled and the voltage stress on the main switch can be reduced. Besides, the energy of leakage inductor can transfer to capacitor to increase voltage gain. Therefore low conduction resistance R DS(ON) of the main switch can be adopted to reduce the conduction loss. In addition, the reverse-recovery problem of the output diode is alleviated. Thus, the efficiency can be further improved. The operating principle and steady-state analysis are discussed in detail. Finally, a prototype circuit with input voltage 24 V, output voltage 400 V and output power 200 W is implemented in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
High-speed atmospheric imaging of semiconductor wafers using rapid probe microscopy

The aggressive device scaling imposed by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) is introducing additional and more demanding challenges to current in-line monitoring tools. In this paper we present a new probe microscopy based technology, the Rapid Probe Microscope (RPM), which produces nano-scale images using a height contrast mechanism in a non-vacuum environment. The system offers the possibility to address metrology challenges in alternative ways to existing review and inspection tools. This paper presents applications of the RPM process which cater to the requirements of the semiconductor industry. Results on several standard semiconductor wafer layers have been used to demonstrate the capabilities of the RPM process, including nano-scale surface imaging at high image capture rates.
Uncertainty Assessment in Terrestrial Laser Scanner Measurements

Abstract. The essential purpose of this study is to develop the measurement procedures in order toevaluate the quality of the observations carried out using Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) equipment.It tries, in addition, to estimate an uncertainty value that allows the users to know the reliability of theinstrument measurements. The fundamental idea of this paper is to show the metrological control'sneed, and the quality of measure's evaluation for TLS equipment and to describe a working methodology,able to be reproducible, without the essential need of having a very complex infrastructure.
SCREAM I: A single mask, single-crystal silicon process for microelectromechanical structures

A process outline for a one-mask version of the single-crystal silicon reactive etch and metal (SCREAM) process called SCREAM-I, for fabricating silicon microelectromechanical (MEM) devices, is presented. The process defines single-crystal silicon (SCS) high-aspect ratio beams using submicron optical lithography. The process defines MEM devices with a single mask, including contact pads, interconnects, released beams, and lateral capacitors. SCREAM 1 is a self-aligned, low-temperature (<300 degrees C) process that can be completed in approximately=6-8 hr. All fabrication steps rely on industry standard, high-throughput fabrication tools. Beam elements 0.5 mu m to 5 mu m in width can be fabricated with aspect ratios of greater than 10 to 1. <<ETX>>
Radiative Effects of Increased Water Vapor in the Upper Saharan Air Layer Associated With Enhanced Dustiness

The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is known as an elevated, well‐mixed, warm, dry, frequently dusty layer and plays an important role in regional climate and dust transport. A new analysis of aircraft observations of haboob‐driven dust events shows that although increased dustiness in the SAL is associated with drier conditions in the lower‐SAL as expected, dustiness is also associated with increased moisture in the upper‐SAL, likely originating from cold pool outflows driving the dust uplift. We assess the radiative effects of the observed dust and increased water vapor (WV). The observed WV in the upper‐SAL affects the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) direct radiative effect (DRE), while lower‐SAL WV affects the surface DRE and column atmospheric heating. TOA DRE is negative for dust only, while including both the observed dust and WV reduces the magnitude of the negative TOA DRE by 17% (3.0 ± 0.8 Wm−2) when AOD > 0.6. The observed WV structure increases the magnitude of the negative surface DRE from dust by 8% (5.1 ± 0.8 Wm−2) and increases atmospheric heating by 17% (8.0 ± 0.6 Wm−2). These effects are driven by longwave (LW) radiation, whereby WV changes increase the positive TOA LW DRE, decrease the surface LW DRE and change the sign of LW atmospheric heating from negative to positive. WV leads to enhanced cooling in the moist upper‐SAL and heating in the dry lower‐SAL under dustier conditions. Increased WV in the SAL is consistent with other studies demonstrating increasing Saharan WV. This study demonstrates the importance of upper‐SAL WV in determining the radiative effect of dust.
Multi-level expert-modelling for the evaluation of hot water load management opportunities in South Africa

An object-oriented bottom-up approach is proposed for the detailed evaluation of hot water load management opportunities. The requirement for accurate physically based models, which are computationally efficient and deliver real-world nonlinear behaviour is addressed by expert-models. These expert-models are calibrated using physical measurements and in combination with the bottom-up approach, are capable of explicitly quantifying the effects of the proposed hot water load management strategy both on a per customer level, as well as on a rolled-up system level. Measured values for the important exogenous variables such as inlet water temperature, ambient air temperature and hot water usage patterns were used to drive the simulation case-study presented in this paper. In the case-study, the effects of different element ratings within the hot water cylinders are evaluated and detailed numerical results are presented.
Linear and angular transducers for positional control in the decametre range. A survey of available techniques

Currently available methods for transducing large-scale (over 1 m range) multiaxial position into equivalent signals for closed-loop control or direct measurement are reviewed. Methods discussed are: mechanical techniques (automated tapes and wires, friction-driven rollers); distance measurement with radiated energy (microwave, acoustic, modulated and pulsed-incoherent and -coherent light); natural-phenomenon references (gyrocompasses, magnetic compasses, celestial-body position, electric levels, horizon sensors); optical position determination (detector position-indicating properties, tracking optics, photogrammetry, mechanically and electrically scanned imaging optics); automatic alignment (wires, interference and diffraction optical elements, autocollimators, laser beam, spatially modulated beams); and finally, methods of high-resolution rotary measurement (encoded and incremental, moire fringe, dual generator, chronometric, synchros, optical interferometry). The concept of triangulated position determination (instead of the usually used rectangulated methods) for large-scale control is described.
Determining the Tiers of a Supply Chain Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Companies in the same supply chain influence each other, so sharing information enables more efficient supply chain management. An efficient supply chain must have a symmetry of information between participating entities, but in reality, the information is asymmetric, causing problems. The sustainability of the supply chain continues to be threatened because companies are reluctant to disclose information to others. If companies participating in the supply chain do not disclose accurate information, the next best way to improve the sustainability of the supply chain is to use data from the supply chain to determine each enterprise’s information. This study takes data from the supply chain and then uses machine learning algorithms to find which enterprise the data refer to when new data from unknown sources arise. The machine learning algorithms used are logistic regression, random forest, naive Bayes, decision tree, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and multi-layer perceptron. Indicators for evaluating the performance of multi-class classification machine learning methods are accuracy, confusion matrix, precision, recall, and F1-score. The experimental results showed that LR and MLP accurately predicted companies (tiers), but NB, DT, RF, SVM, and K-NN did not accurately predict companies. In addition, the performance similarity of machine learning algorithms through experiments was classified into LR and MLP groups, NB and DT groups, and RF, SVM, and K-NN groups.
Anemia and Mineral Bone Disorders in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Objective: To observe the pattern of anemia and mineral bone disorders (MBD)in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) at Nephrology Department, Mayo Hospital and Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: Two hundred patients who were undergoing MHD for more than three months were included in the study. Patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) were excluded from the study. Patient’s demographic data, laboratory reports and dialysis record were noted in a predesigned proforma. Results: Two hundred patients were included in study, 105(52.5%) were male and rest of them were female. Major cause of ESRD was Diabetes Mellitus 83 (41.5%) followed by Hypertension 80 (40%) and Nephrolithiasis 15 (7.5%). Most of the patients belonged to middle age group, poor socioeconomic class, lower level of education and were getting twice-weekly dialysis. Mean hemoglobin was 10.17±1.69 gm/L and most of the patients 137 (68.5%) were anemic with hemoglobin level less than 11gm/dl. Iron was adequate in 170 (85%) patients with transferrin saturation more than 20%. Hypocalcemia (<8.5mg/dl), hypophosphatemia and calcium phosphorus product was less than 55 in 138(69%), 42(21%), 175(87.5%) respectively. Intact PTH was less than 100 pg/ml in 16(8.0%) patients supporting adynamic bone disease according to KDOQI guidelines and rest of the patients 184(92%) were having Intact PTH more than 100 pg/ml. Conclusion: In this study, most of the patients were anemic most probably due to low dose of EPO and inadequate dialysis. High turnover and mixed bone disorders were present in majority of the patients.
The data sampling effect on financial distress prediction by single and ensemble learning techniques

Abstract Financial distress domain problem datasets are usually class imbalanced. In literature, data sampling is one of the widely used solutions to deal with the class imbalance problem. This article focuses on examining the data sampling effect on financial distress prediction models by single and ensemble learning techniques. The experimental datasets are based on three bankruptcy prediction and credit scoring datasets and twelve different single classifiers and classifier ensembles are constructed. We find that although some prediction models trained by the original class imbalanced datasets provide reasonable AUC, their type II errors are very high for the practical usage. However, when data sampling is performed over the datasets, all of the prediction models can slightly increase their AUC and largely reduce their type II errors. More specifically, the decision tree ensembles by bagging and boosting methods are the better choices for financial distress prediction.
Relationship Study of Absorption Capacity, Degree of Innovation and Innovative Performance in Textile and Garment Enterprises

Technology is playing an increasingly important role in the development of the textile industry, and innovation has become the key to win more competitive for the textile and garment enterprises. How to improve the technological innovative performance is very urgent for the textile industry development. According to the relationship model and assumptions between the absorptive capacity, innovational degree and innovational performance, then using factor analysis, dependency analysis, regression analysis to measure, evaluate and comparative analysis the sample of textile and garment industry. Combination of theory and empirical research results, to provide a suitable reference and countermeasures to improve the innovational performance of enterprises effectively.
The Impact of Sectoral Aggregation on Elasticities of Substitution Using Translog Cost Function

Economic models are widely used to simulate policy scenarios, in which elasticities are used 13 as measures of substitutability between production inputs. These models need appropriate 14 levels of sector aggregation to produce policy-relevant results and to capture the variations of 15 input substitutability among different sectors, while still adhering to the monotonicity and 16 concavity requirements of aggregate production function. The purposes of this study are (i) to 17 assess the cost (production) functions that fulfill these requirements appropriately, (ii) to 18 analyze the impact of sector aggregation on the elasticities, and (iii) to determine the optimum 19 resolution level for modelling cost function. This study utilized two databases to construct an 20 industry-level panel dataset for 1995 – 2016, EU-KLEMS to obtain the price indices of the 21 capital and labor inputs, and time-series monetary EXIOBASE v3.6, in both current and 22 constant prices, to obtain the monetary inputs and price indices of intermediate inputs. Dynamic 23 translog in GMM estimation is selected to derive the elasticities of substitution on different 24 levels of sector aggregation since it performs better in reducing concavity violations, compared 25 to pooled and fixed-effect estimation method. Selecting a higher resolution level is preferred to 26 produce better model fittings, but it occasionally results in more concavity violations. 27 Modelling cost functions at a more aggregated level leads to a larger estimate of the elasticity 28 of substitution. The optimized level of sector aggregation for modelling cost function obtained 29 in this study is at 86 industry sectors, capturing the different elasticities of substitution in various 30 mining and manufacturing sectors of basic materials and electricity production.
Procesos, dimensiones y herramientas para la gestión del conocimiento en el mantenimiento industrial

Knowledge management, implanted in some areas of the company, is usually forgotten in the own service organizations is one of the activities requiring a deep knowledge of the physical assets of the company, that influences the own reliability of the processes of exploitation, the productivity of the company and is where higher level of tacit knowledge based on the experience of the operators. This article is a review of the literature, marking processes, dimensions and tools that can be used for the management of knowledge in the field of industrial maintenance.
HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE EVALUATION OF VASCULAR LOOP COMPRESSION FOR THE 7TH-8TH NERVE COMPLEX IN EXPLAINING NEURO - OTOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS ?

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research study was to investigate of whether the radiological proof of neurovascular compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN) was pathognomonic for hearing loss and tinnitus using “3D Fast Imaging Steady-Sta-te Acquisition (FIESTA)” magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research study was performed in 85 patients by evaluating 170 temporal bones, inclusive of both sides. The non-invasive assessment of the anatomical relationship between the classified vascular compression (Chavda classification) of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and the existence of AICA, superior cerebellar artery (SCA), vertebral artery (VA) compression or distortion of the VCN was applied by using 1.5-Tesla MRI at the internal acoustic canal (IAC). RESULTS: Of the 85 participants examined, 42.4% (n = 36) pre-sented no vascular loop (VL). 48.2% (n = 41) of the patients produced type 1 VL, 8.2% (n = 7) type 2 VL, and 1.2% (n = 1) type 3 VL accordingly to the Chavda classification. In addition, compressions of redundant VA and SCA were also observed in 7.1% (n = 6) and 3.5% (n = 3) of the patients respectively. Also, IAC distortion was found in 32% (n = 16) patients with tinnitus. The presence of vascular loops also showed a high incidence in patients with normal hearing (51.8%) and without tinnitus (62.9%), respectively. No statistically relevant variations were found between the existence and nonexistence of the VL of AICA forms, VA or SCA, and IAC distortion for the neurotological symptoms of patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neurovascular touch is not an uncommon fin-ding. It doesn’t appear to be related to tinnitus. However, the use of 3D-FIESTA MRI well defines the relationship between VCN and adjacent vascular variations and especially AICA variations and contributes to case selection for microvascular operations.
Characteristic Mode Analysis of Mutual Coupling

Mutual coupling between neighboring antennas is a major concern in the array design. Using the concept of characteristic modes, this work proposes a theoretical framework for the analysis of such electromagnetic interaction and its control mechanism. The root of interelement coupling lies in the mutually induced current in the neighboring elements. Henceforth, the initial part of this work concentrates on computing the coupled current by modeling the interaction of the uncoupled modes. Closed-form formulations have been derived for quantifying the coupling impacts. The proposed formulations have been further verified with numerical examples and method of moment-based commercial solver, such as Antenna Toolbox. Later, the theory of substructure modes has been combined with the theory of coupled characteristic modes to understand the perturbation in coupling behavior in the presence of ground plane or a parasitic element. A design strategy has been suggested to optimize the shape of the intermediate parasitic structure for controlling the coupled current in the neighboring elements. This current-based approach can find applications in different coupled scenarios such as antenna arrays or in printed circuit board components.
Lab-on-chip technologies: making a microfluidic network and coupling it into a complete microsystem—a review

Microfluidics is an emerging field that has given rise to a large number of scientific and technological developments over the last few years. This review reports on the use of various materials, such as silicon, glass and polymers, and their related technologies for the manufacturing of simple microchannels and complex systems. It also presents the main application fields concerned with the different technologies and the most significant results reported by academic and industrial teams. Finally, it demonstrates the advantage of developing approaches for associating polymer technologies for manufacturing of fluidic elements with integration of active or sensitive elements, particularly silicon devices.
Compact single-chip W-band FMCW radar modules for commercial high-resolution sensor applications

Two compact single-chip 94-GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar modules have been developed for high-resolution sensing under adverse conditions and environments. The first module contains a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) consisting of a mechanically and electrically tunable voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a buffer amplifier, 10-dB coupler, medium-power and a low-noise amplifier, balanced rat-race high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) diode mixer, and a driver amplifier to increase the local-oscillator signal level. The overall chip-size of the FMCW radar MMIC is 2/spl times/3.5 mm/sup 2/. For use with a single transmit-receive antenna, a 94-GHz microstrip hexaferrite circulator was implemented in the module. The radar sensor achieved a tuning range of 1 GHz, an output signal power of 1.5 mW, and a conversion loss of 2 dB. The second FMCW radar sensor uses an MMIC consisting of a varactor-tuned VCO with injection port, very compact transmit and receive amplifiers, and a single-ended resistive mixer. To enable single-antenna operation, the external circulator was replaced by a combination of a Wilkinson divider and a Lange coupler integrated on the MMIC. The circuit features coplanar technology and cascode HEMTs for compact size and low cost. These techniques result in a particularly small overall chip-size of only 2/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/. The packaged 94-GHz FMCW radar module achieved a tuning range of 6 GHz, an output signal power of 1.5 mW, and a conversion loss of 5 dB. The RF performance of the radar module was successfully verified by real-time monitoring the time flow of a gas-assisted injection molding process.