Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking watershed nutrient loading to estuary water quality with generalized additive models

Evaluating estuary water quality responses to reductions (or increases) in nutrient loading attributed to on the ground management actions can be challenging due to the strong influence of environmental drivers on nutrient loads and non-linear relationships. This study applied generalized additive models to calculate watershed nutrient loads and assess responses in estuary water quality to seasonally-adjusted freshwater inflow and flow-adjusted nutrient loads in Lavaca Bay, Texas. Lavaca Bay is a secondary embayment on the Texas coast displaying early potential for eutrophication and water quality degradation. Use of flow-adjusted nutrient loads allowed the study to evaluate the response in water quality to changes in nutrient loads driven by anthropogenic sources. Cross-validation indicated that, despite data constraints, semiparametric models performed well at nutrient load prediction. Based on these models, delivered annual nutrient loads varied substantially from year to year. In contrast, minimal changes in flow-normalized loads indicate that nutrient loadings were driven by natural variation in precipitation and runoff as opposed to changes in management of nonpoint sources. Models indicated no evidence of long-term changes in dissolved oxygen or chlorophyll-a within Lavaca Bay. However, site specific long-term increases in both organic and inorganic nitrogen are concerning for their potential to fuel eutrophication. Further analysis found freshwater inflow had strong influences on nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations but there was no evidence that changes in watershed nutrient loading explained additional variation in dissolved oxygen and limited evidence that watershed nutrient loadings explained chlorophyll-a concentrations. In addition to providing a baseline assessment of watershed nutrient loading and water quality responses in the Lavaca Bay watershed, this study provides methodological support for the use of semiparametric models in load regression models and estuary assessments.
Effects of Clipping an Invasive Plant Species on the Growth of Planted Plants of Two Co-Occurring Species in a Greenhouse Study

Simple Summary Invasive exotic plant species are threats to native flora and other taxa. No effective and environmentally friendly approaches are available for controlling Solidago canadensis, an aggressively invasive plant species in China and Europe. We determined that in addition to the traditional measure of clipping, planting plants of two co-occurring and competitive species can further suppress regrowth of clipped S. canadensis plants and both the aboveground and belowground part of S. canadensis contributed to its suppression effects on planted co-occurring species. These results suggest that incorporation of utilizing biotic resistance from some highly competitive plant species and overcoming belowground priority effects of invasive species into a comprehensive management plan will substantially increase the efficiency of invasive plant control. Abstract The restoration of native plants in invaded habitats is constrained with the presence of highly competitive exotic species. Aboveground removal, such as clipping or mowing, of invasive plants is required for successful restoration. The effects of clipping an invasive plant species, Solidago canadensis, grown at five densities (1–5 plants per pot), and planting two co-occurring and competitive species, Sesbania cannabina and Imperata cylindrica, on the growth of both the invasive species and the co-occurring species were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The established S. canadensis suppressed the growth of planted seedlings with 47.8–94.4% reduction in biomass, with stronger effects at higher densities; clipping significantly reduced 97.5–97.4% of biomass of S. canadensis and ameliorated the suppression effects (with only 8.7–52.7% reduction in biomass of the co-occurring plants), irrespective of density. Both the aboveground and belowground part of S. canadensis contributed to its suppression effects on planted co-occurring species. Seed sowing of co-occurring species reduced the belowground growth, but not the underground growth of S. canadensis. S. cannabina appeared to be more effective at reducing the growth of S. canadensis than I. cylindrica. Therefore, clipping together with planting competitive species that can overcome the belowground priority effects of S. canadensis could be a promising strategy for controlling S. canadensis invasion and restoring native plant communities.
Streaming potential in porous media: 2. Theory and application to geothermal systems

Self-potential electric and magnetic anomalies are increasingly being observed associated with hydrothermal fields, volcanic activity, and subsurface water flow. Until now a formal theoretical basis for predicting streaming potential of porous materials has not been available. We develop here a model giving both the macroscopic constitutive equations and the material properties entering these equations. The material properties, like the streaming potential coupling coefficient, depend on pore fluid salinity, temperature, water and gas saturations, mean grain diameter, and porosity. Some aspects of the model are directly tested with success against laboratory data. The streaming potential increases with temperature, grain size, and gas saturation, and decreases with salinity. At the scale of geological structures the model provides an explanation for the presence of kilometer-scale dipolar self-potential anomalies in geothermal systems and volcanoes. Positive self-potential anomalies are associated with fluid discharge areas, whereas negative self-potential anomalies are associated with fluid recharge areas. Self-potential anomaly maps determined at the surface of active hydrothermal fields appear to be a powerful way of mapping the fluid recharge and discharge areas. In the case of free convection the vorticities of the convection pattern generate a magnetic field. The greater these vorticities, the greater the associated magnetic field. It follows that hydrothermal systems act as natural geobatteries because of the flow of pore fluids in the subsurface of these systems.
Logarithm of short‐time Fourier transform for extending the seismic bandwidth

Improving seismic resolution is essential for obtaining more detailed structural and stratigraphic information. We present a new algorithm to increase seismic resolution with a minimum of user‐defined parameters. The algorithm inherits useful properties of both the short‐time Fourier transform and the cepstrum to smooth and broaden the frequency spectrum at each translation of the spectral decomposing window. The key idea is to replace the amplitude spectrum with its logarithm in each window of the short‐time Fourier transform. We describe the mathematical formulation of the algorithm and its testing on synthetic and real seismic data to obtain broader frequency spectra and thus enhance the seismic resolution.
A persistent imbalance in HOx and NOx photochemistry of the upper troposphere driven by deep tropical convection

Convection in the tropics turns over the upper troposphere at rates (0.08 d−1) comparable to photochemical processes controlling the absolute abundance of HOx (OH + HO2) and the abundance of NOx (NO + NO2) relative to HNO3. Here we identify convection of boundary‐layer CH3OOH as a primary source of HOx to the upper troposphere. Turnover of NOx leads to NO/HNO3 ratios much higher than predicted for local photochemical steady‐state. Through convective transport the upper troposphere is more photochemically active in producing O3, an important greenhouse gas.
CALIBRATION OF CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS: MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION

In this paper a method of self calibration applicable to non-metric cameras is presented and discussed in connection with various other calibration approaches. The method is extremely general and includes radial symmetric and decentering lens distortions, affinity, and non-perpendicularity of axes. Although it provides interior orientation parameters for each photograph separately, the minimum control requirement remains at two horizontal and three vertical control points.
ESTIMATIVA DA RECARGA DO AQÜÍFERO COXILHA DAS LOMBAS ATRAVÉS DO MÉTODO BALANÇO DE CLORETOS

O Aquifero Coxilha das Lombas e constituido por areias finas depositas em ambiente eolico e ocupa uma area aflorante de aproximadamente 700 km2 distribuida ao longo de uma faixa com 100 km de comprimento e direcao N40oE na regiao costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. Ocorre, ainda, sob condicoes de confinamento a sudeste da faixa aflorante por extensoes ainda nao definidas com precisao. O potencial hidrico do aquifero e elevado, tendo registro de pocos com vazoes proximas a 150 m3/h e condutividade hidraulica media de 1,73*10-2 cm/s. Na regiao, as chuvas sao bem distribuidas com precipitacao media anual da ordem de 1.300 mm, sendo a recarga decorrente da infiltracao direta destas aguas na zona livre do aquifero. Neste estudo foi aplicado o metodo balanco de cloretos para estimar a recarga do aquifero e os resultados apontam valores da ordem de 200 mm anuais para a recarga e 1100 mm anuais apara a evapotranspiracao. A partir da determinacao experimental da capacidade de campo dos sedimentos, foi determinada, tambem, a infiltracao minima necessaria para que ocorra recarga no aquifero, cujo valor e proximo de 170 mm/m.
Exploring the Drivers of Business Model Innovation: Insights From a Single-Case Study in Agribusiness

Business model innovation has become a crucial factor for firms to remain competitive and achieve sustained success in today's rapidly changing business environment. The concept of business model innovation involves fundamentally changing the way a firm creates, delivers, and captures value, with the aim of creating value for the customer and capturing value for the company. However, despite its importance, the factors that drive firms to innovate their business models are not well understood and often assumed to be driven solely by profit. To address this gap in understanding, this research aims to examine the drivers of business model innovation in firms. Through a review of existing literature and a single case study, the study will explore the motivations and pressures that lead firms to seek new business models, as well as the internal and external factors that influence their ability to successfully implement these innovations. The case study will provide a deeper insight into the real-world complexities of business model innovation and will shed light on the practical considerations and challenges that firm faced in this process. The findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the drivers of business model innovation. By exploring the strategic, organizational, and external factors that influence the decision to innovate, this study will provide a more nuanced view of the complex process of business model innovation. In conclusion, this research will provide valuable insights for both practitioners and scholars on the factors that drive firms to innovate their business models and the factors that may influence their ability to successfully implement these innovations. By exploring the complexities of business model innovation through a single case study, this research will contribute to the existing literature and provide a practical example of a firm looking to stay ahead of the curve and maintain a competitive advantage.
Accretionary orogens through Earth history

Abstract Accretionary orogens form at intraoceanic and continental margin convergent plate boundaries. They include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and back-arc components. Accretionary orogens can be grouped into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character. Retreating orogens (e.g. modern western Pacific) are undergoing long-term extension in response to the site of subduction of the lower plate retreating with respect to the overriding plate and are characterized by back-arc basins. Advancing orogens (e.g. Andes) develop in an environment in which the overriding plate is advancing towards the downgoing plate, resulting in the development of foreland fold and thrust belts and crustal thickening. Cratonization of accretionary orogens occurs during continuing plate convergence and requires transient coupling across the plate boundary with strain concentrated in zones of mechanical and thermal weakening such as the magmatic arc and back-arc region. Potential driving mechanisms for coupling include accretion of buoyant lithosphere (terrane accretion), flat-slab subduction, and rapid absolute upper plate motion overriding the downgoing plate. Accretionary orogens have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and potentially earlier, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth. They have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere through the addition of juvenile magmatic products but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time, through sediment subduction and subduction erosion. It is probable that the rates of crustal growth and destruction are roughly equal, implying that net growth since the Archaean is effectively zero.
Health and Wellness Tourism: Spas and Hot Springs

Geothermal springs constitute a major tourism resource, providing spectacular settings, recreation facilities, a recognised value in treatments beneficial for health and wellness, a sense of heritage and adventure, and links with the natural environment. Health and wellness tourism accounts for a significant proportion of the world's tourism consumption, with components ranging from hot spring bathing for leisure and recreation, through mineral water use in health treatments under the supervision of highly specialised medical professionals, to water treatments in the wellness and beauty therapy sector and the use of mineral water for drinking purposes. This makes it an economically and socially important area of tourism demanding in-depth analysis. This book explores health and wellness tourism from a range of perspectives including usage, heritage, management, technology, environmental and cultural features, and marketing.
An Analysis of the Evolution of Public Sentiment and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Regarding Building Collapse Accidents Based on Sina Weibo Data

Monitoring, analyzing, and managing public sentiment surrounding urban emergencies hold significant importance for city governments in executing effective response strategies and maintaining social stability. In this study, we present a study which was conducted regarding the self-built house collapse incident in Changsha, China, that occurred on 29 April 2022, with a focus on leveraging Sina Weibo (a Twitter-like microblogging system in China) comment data. By employing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model, we identified key discussion themes within the comments and explored the emotional and spatio-temporal characteristics of the discourse. Furthermore, utilizing geographic detectors, we investigated the factors influencing the spatial variations in comment data. Our research findings indicate that the comments can be categorized into three main themes: “Rest in Peace for the Deceased”, “Wishing for Safety”, and “Thorough Investigation of Self-Built Houses”. Regarding emotional features, the overall sentiment expressed in the public discourse displayed positivity, albeit with significant fluctuations during different stages of the incident, including the initial occurrence, rescue efforts, and the establishment of accountability and investigative committees. These fluctuations were closely associated with the emotional polarity of the specific topics. In terms of temporal distribution, the peak in the number of comments occurred approximately one hour after the topic was published. Concerning spatial distribution, a positive sentiment prevailed across various provinces. The comment distribution exhibited a stair-like pattern, which correlated with interregional population migration and per capita GDP. Our study provides valuable insights for city governments and relevant departments in conducting sentiment analysis and guiding public opinion trends.
Shallow-Water Reverberation

Abstract : The long-term goals of this work are: to develop a theoretical model for predicting the reverberation in shallow water, to derive both small-angle seabed reflectivity and scattering strength from reverberation data at low frequency, and to understand the physical mechanism of sea bottom scattering. The scientific objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the sea bottom on sound propagation, reverberation and signal coherence in shallow water for a frequency range of 100 Hz-3000 Hz. Our specific objectives are (I) to simultaneously measure acoustic data and geologic and geophysical data at carefully chosen sea areas. (II) to derive sound velocity and attenuation in sediments from sound propagation. And (III) to characterize the seabottom scattering function from reverberation measurements.
In-depth characterization of NK cell markers from CML patients who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy

Introduction Treatment-free remission (TFR) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase is considered a safe option if suitable molecular monitoring is available. However, the question arises as to which factors can contribute to the maintenance of TFR, and immunologic surveillance of the remaining leukemic cells is believed to be one of them. Argentina Stop Trial is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial assessing TFR after tyrosine kinase inhibitors interruption, that after more than 4 years showed a successful TFR rate of 63%. Methods In this context, we set up an immunological study by flow cytometry in order to analyze specific NK cell subsets from peripheral blood patient samples both at the time of discontinuation as well as during the subsequent months. Results At the time of discontinuation, patients show a mature NK cell phenotype, probably associated to TKI treatment. However, 3 months after discontinuation, significant changes in several NK cell receptors occurred. Patients with a higher proportion of CD56dim NK and PD-1+ NK cells showed better chances of survival. More interestingly, non-relapsing patients also presented a subpopulation of NK cells with features associated with the expansion after cytomegalovirus infection (expression of CD57+NKG2C+), and higher proportion of NKp30 and NKp46 natural cytotoxicity receptors, which resulted in greater degranulation and associated with better survival (p<0.0001). Discussion This NK cell subset could have a protective role in patients who do not relapse, thus further characterization could be useful for patients in sustained deep molecular response.
New evidence for the impact origin of the Ries Basin, Bavaria, Germany

The Ries basin is a shallow, nearly circular depression about 17 miles in diameter that lies between the Swabian and Franconian plateaus of southern Germany. Great masses of breccia and a system of thrust sheets associated with the Ries have been studied by German geologists for about a century. E. Werner and Otto Stutzer suggested that the Ries was an impact crater, but the consensus of the principal investigators has been that it was formed by some sort of volcanic explosion. The only direct evidence of magmatic activity at the Ries is the presence of glass in scattered patches of a breccia called suevite. Some of the glass has long been recognized as sintered fragments of old crystalline rocks. We have found that glasses of various composition coexist in single specimens of suevite. In addition, coesite, a high-pressure polymorph of SiO2, and lechatelierite, SiO2 glass, occur in the sintered rocks in the suevite. The presence of the same phases in sintered rock fragments at Meteor Crater, Arizona, and the coexistence of glasses of different composition suggest that the glassy components of suevite are of impact rather than volcanic origin.
Changes in Manure Management in the Hog Sector

In recent years, structural changes in the hog sector, including increasing farm size and regional shifts in production, have altered manure management practices. Over the same period, changes to the Clean Water Act, new state regulations, and increasing local conflicts over odor have influenced manure management decisions. This study uses data from two national surveys of hog farmers to examine how hog manure management practices vary with the scale of production and how these practices evolved between 1998 and 2004. The findings provide insights into the effects of structural changes and recent policies on manure management technologies and practices, the use of nutrient management plans, and manure application rates.
Ekstraksi Partitur Balok Monofonik untuk Instrumen Flute dengan CRNN dan CRF

Notasi partitur balok bukanlah notasi yang mudah dibaca oleh pemula dalam dunia musik. Di sinilah Optical Music Recognition (OMR) dapat berperan. OMR merupakan sebuah pembelajaran mengenai komputer yang dapat mengenali objek dalam partitur balok. Dengan adanya program yang menerapkan OMR dan memberikan output dengan format yang mudah dipahami oleh pengguna, maka pemula dalam dunia musik dapat terbantu dalam membaca partitur not balok. Karya ilmiah ini dibuat dengan pendekatan deep learning dalam beberapa arsitektur. Dataset yang digunakan adalah Camera-PrIMuS yang terdiri dari dataset gambar sebaris partitur musik dan juga ground-truth per objek pada gambar yang bersangkutan. Arsitektur yang digunakan adalah CRNN, CRNN-CRF, dan Attention. Dari ketiga arsitektur tersebut, hasil terbaik diperoleh pada aristektur Attention dengan symbol error rate (SER) sekitar 9%, diikuti dengan CRNN dengan SER sekitar 84%, dan CRNN-CRF yang berdasarkan hasil uji coba tidaklah cocok untuk OMR dengan nilai loss yang tidak kunjung turun dalam proses training. Arsitektur Attention secara garis besar terdiri dari blok encoder dan decoder. Encoder berfungsi untuk menerima input gambar dan melakukan encoding terhadap gambar tersebut. Hasil encoding kemudian diterima oleh decoder yang berperan untuk melakukan decoding dan memprediksi sequence selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil encoding dari encoder. Dalam implementasinya program dapat menerima input berupa gambar selembar partitur penuh yang agak miring, maka program juga akan melakukan skew-correction dan pemotongan gambar per baris agar input dari pengguna dapat diproses oleh model. Output dari model yang masih berupa label-label prediksi akan diproses kembali agar menghasilkan not angka dan file MIDI yang relatif lebih mudah untuk dipahami oleh pengguna.