Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introduction, Growth and Future of Vlogging in Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

In recent years, communication patterns and tools have been revolutionized globally due to the technological advancements e.g. social networking websites, streaming services, live calling applications etc. Among these mediums, vlogging has been recognized as an influential and leading communication pattern. Vlogging has become an exploding passion among internet communities since its emergence in 2000. In contrast to that, it is rather a new phenomenon in Pakistan which needs to be explored. Therefore, present study aims to explore the introduction, growth and future of vlogging in Pakistan. The study implied in-depth interviews from 10 influential Pakistani vloggers who have secured a decent number of followers and viewers on their respective channels including 5 beauty and lifestyle vloggers, 3 travel vloggers and 2 food vloggers. Findings revealed that vlogging is a modern experience and it is getting popular among Pakistani masses. Hence, professional and immature all kind of people are vlogging these days. It does not only give masses freedom of sharing their and skills and thoughts with world but also has become a major source of income. Present study will not only be helpful in academic and professional fields; it is presumed to be a stepping stone in the research on vlogging at national level and can lead to further research on effects of vlogging and content analysis of Pakistani vlogs.
Early and Cost-Effective Software Fault Detection: Measurement and Implementation in an Industrial Setting

Avoidable rework consumes a large part of development projects, i.e. 20-80 percent depending on the maturity of the organization and the complexity of the products. High amounts of avoidable rework commonly occur when having many faults left to correct in late stages of a project. In fact, research studies indicate that the cost of rework could be decreased by up to 50 percent by finding more faults earlier. Therefore, the interest from industry to improve this area is large. It might appear easy to reduce the amount of rework just by putting more focus on early verification activities, e.g. reviews. However, activities such as reviews and testing are good at catching different types of faults at different stages in the development cycle. Further, some system characteristics such as system capacity and backward compatibility might not be feasible to verify early through for example reviews or unit tests. Therefore, the objective should not just be to find and remove all faults as early as possible. Instead, the cost-effectiveness of different techniques in relation to different types of faults should be in focus. A department at Ericsson AB was interested in approaches for assessing and improving early and cost-effective fault detection. In particular, there was a need to quantify the value of suggested improvements. Based on this objective, research was during a few years conducted in the industrial environment. The conducted research resulted in this thesis, which determines how to quantify unnecessary rework costs and determines which phases and activities to focus improvement work on in order to achieve earlier and more cost-effective fault detection. The thesis describes and evaluates measurement methods that make organizations strive towards finding the right faults in the right phase. The developed methods were also used for evaluating the impact a framework for component-level test automation and test-driven development had on development efficiency and quality. Further, the thesis demonstrates how the implementation of such improvements can be continuously monitored to obtain feedback during ongoing projects. Finally, recommendations on how to define and implement measurements, and how to interpret obtained measurement data are provided, e.g. presented as considerations, lessons learned, and success factors. The thesis concluded that existing approaches for assessing and improving the degree of early and cost-effective software fault detection are not satisfactory since they can cause counter-productive behavior. An approach that more adequately considers the cost-efficiency aspects of software fault detection is required. Additionally, experiences from different products and organizations led to the conclusion that a combination of measurements is commonly necessary to accurately identify and prioritize improvements.
Hybrid place : blurring the edge between the digital and physical layers of urban environments

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the edge condition between the digital layers and the physical layers of the city and how tangible expressions of the interrelationships between them to create and define new experiences of place, creating hybrid place. To date there has been discussion and investigation into understanding the importance of place, similarly into defining hybrid space. This paper explores principles of place and space to question how they can be applied into defining and proposing the notion of hybrid place in urban environments. The integration of media spaces into architecture provide infrastructure for the development of hybrid place. The physical boundaries of urban spaces become blurred through the integration of media such as computer technologies connecting the physical environment with the digital. Literature and case studies that reflect the current trends of use of technology by people in space and place within urban environments are examined.
Revision needed

UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT ESA/STAT/AC.368/1 Department of Economic and Social Affairs June 2019 Statistics Division English only __________________________________________________________________________________ United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Improving Migration Data in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration 1-3 July 2019 United Nations, New York
Study of photonic crystal structures and their application in the field of antennas

espanolEl proposito principal perseguido en esta tesis ha sido el diseno de estructuras “Photonic Crystal” y sus aplicaciones como substratos para antenas. Estos “Photonic Crystal” se definen como estructuras periodicas en una, dos o tres dimensiones las cuales no permiten la propagacion de una onda electromagnetica en su interior para cualquier direccion de propagacion de la onda incidente en un determinado rango de frecuencias (“bandgap”). Uno de los principales problemas que presentan hoy en dia las antenas es la potencia que se transfiere a los modos de substratos. Esta energia no contribuye a la radiacion principal de la antena, considerandose un mecanismo de perdidas. Ademas, esta energia, dependiendo de la constante dielectrica del substrato y de su grosor puede suponer mas del 70% de la potencia total. Incluso algunas veces esta energia contribuye de forma negativa a la radiacion principal, deteriorando en gran medida el diagrama de radiacion de la antena. La idea fundamental es utilizar estructuras “Photonic Crystal” como substratos de antenas. Al no permitir la propagacion de la onda electromagnetica en su interior, no se excitaran modos de substrato y toda la potencia sera radiada por la antena. Esto se traducira en un incremento de la eficiencia y de la directividad de la antena, en la obtencion de diagramas de radiacion mas simetricos y en la reduccion de la radiacion trasera. EnglishThe aim of this thesis has been the design of “Photonic Crystal” structures and their application as substrates in dielectric antennas. “Photonic Crystals” defined as periodic structures in one, two or three dimensions, prevent the propagation of an incident electromagnetic wave inside them, over a determined frequency range (bandgap) and for any propagation direction. Nowadays, one of the main problems in the antenna field is the power transferred to the surface wave modes. This energy does not contribute to the main radiation of the antenna, considering this effect as a loss mechanism. Besides, this energy, depending on the dielectric constant of the substrate and its thickness, could be more than 70% of the total power. Even sometimes, this energy will be added in counter-phase to the main radiation pattern of the antenna making worse this pattern. The main idea is to use the “Photonic Crystal” structures as substrates for these antenna configurations. If this “Photonic Crystal” does not allow the propagation of any electromagnetic wave, the surface wave mode will not be excited and the antenna will radiate all the power. This will lead to an increase of the antenna efficiency and of the antenna directivity, a more symmetric radiation pattern and a reduction of the back radiation of the antenna
Making Sense of Software Product Requirements

Sami Jantunen Making Sense of Software Product Requirements Lappeenranta, 2012 182 pages, 2 Appendixes Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 470 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978‐952‐265‐217‐1, ISBN 978‐952‐265‐218‐8 (PDF) ISSN 1456‐4491 One of the most crucial tasks for a company offering a software product is to decide what new features should be implemented in the product’s forthcoming versions. Yet, existing studies show that this is also a task with which many companies are struggling. This problem has been claimed to be ambiguous and changing. There are better or worse solutions to the problem, but no optimal one. Furthermore, the criteria determining the success of the solution keeps changing due to continuously changing competition, technologies and market needs. This thesis seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges that companies have reportedly faced in determining the requirements for their forthcoming product versions. To this end, product management related activities are explored in seven companies. Following grounded theory approach, the thesis conducts four iterations of data analysis, where each of the iterations goes beyond the previous one. The thesis results in a theory proposal intended to 1) describe the essential characteristics of organizations’ product management challenges, 2) explain the origins of the perceived challenges and 3) suggest strategies to alleviate the perceived challenges. The thesis concludes that current product management approaches are becoming inadequate to deal with challenges that have multiple and conflicting interpretations, different value orientations, unclear goals, contradictions and paradoxes. This inadequacy continues to increase until current beliefs and assumptions about the product management challenges are questioned and a new paradigm for dealing with the challenges is adopted.
Identification of Chemical Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Essential Oil at Different Harvest Times

Received: 20 Jul, 2020 Accepted: 14 Oct, 2020 Abstract Background and Objectives: Today, the identification and introduction of plant species with medicinal and antimicrobial properties have become considerably important due to the increased use of chemical drugs, spread of microbial resistance to antibiotics, and side effects of drug consumption. Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants possessing anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The harvest time influences the effective combination of medicinal plants; therefore, the quantity and quality of plant essential oils vary in different times. This study was conducted to identify the essential oil compounds of sage shoots, as well as determining the best harvest time to obtain the highest amount of essential oil and phenolic compounds, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this essential oil against four gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Projeto PetroGrapher : construção de ontologias de domínio para geologia de petróleo

Domain ontologies have shown a powerful approach for capturing strategic knowledge and is being studied in the Petroleum Geology domain. Geologists apply multiple types of knowledge for problem solving, the visual knowledge being the most important for interpretation task even being hard of representing by ontological primitives. We have proposed the definition of representational primitives of visual knowledge in three levels of abstraction, keeping the symbolic anchor between levels. We have also introduced primitives for temporal ontologies to support the identification of sequences of non-time labeled events. The results of this project were implemented in a petrographic system to support the description and interpretation of reservoir rocks.
From sugar production to biomass utilisation: the reform process to ensure the viability of the Mauritian sugar cane industry.

SINCE 1975. Mauritius, as a member of the African-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) group of countries, has, through the Sugar Protocol of the LOME Convention, been benefiting from high preferential prices for its sugar exports to the European Union. With the threat of a substantial cut in the preferential prices as from 2006, the Mauritian government in consultation with all stakeholders, implemented in 2001, the Sugar Sector Strategic Plan (SSSP) 2001-2005 to reform the sugar industry so as to ensure the long-term viability. In essence, the plan calls for factory centralisation (from 14 to 7 or 8), rightsizing of the labour force, further generation of electricity from bagasse, improvement of value-added through co-product development, and establishment of a comprehensive R&D programme to take full advantage of biotechnology and cane biomass utilisation. To-date, the number of factories has been brought down from 14 to 11. By 2007, only 7 centralised factories would be operational. The rightsizing of labour force has been successfully achieved with the disposal of 8000 workers through a socially acceptable voluntary retirement scheme (VRS). With the centralisation of factories, the production of electricity from bagasse cum coal would be boosted up. Thus, by 2010, the sugar industry's share of supply to the national grid would be raised from the current 43% to 71%. Plans to further tap value addition from existing products such as special and organic sugars, ethanol, rum from cane juice and from new ones like sucrochemicals have already been critically examined. Research in sugar cane crop improvement, agronomy, biotechnology, and processes at factory level initiated in the wake of the plan will in the short to medium term be beneficial to the industry at large as it will either lead to cost reduction or productivity enhancement. In the context of diversifying away from sugar, the land conversion scheme as spelled out in the SSSP 2001-2005, allows the sugar industry to venture into economic activities like tourism and real estate development, etc. On the basis of progress achieved so far, the Mauritian sugar industry will, by the end of the reform period, be definitely transformed into a highly viable sugar cane industry positively impacting on other spheres on the economy.
Towards airport passenger experience models

This paper reports on the study of passenger experiences and how passengers interact with services, technology and processes at an airport. As part of our research, we have followed people through the airport from check-in to security and from security to boarding. Data was collected by approaching passengers in the departures concourse of the airport and asking for their consent to be videotaped. Data was collected and coded and the analysis focused on both discretionary and process related passenger activities. Our findings show the interdependence between activities and passenger experiences. Within all activities, passengers interact with processes, domain dependent technology, services, personnel and artifacts. These levels of interaction impact on passenger experiences and are interdependent. The emerging taxonomy of activities consists of (i) ownership related activities, (ii) group activities, (iii) individual activities (such as activities at the domain interfaces) and (iv) concurrent activities. This classification is contributing to the development of descriptive models of passenger experiences and how these activities affect the facilitation and design of future airports.
QUANTITATIVE MODEL OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DEALS

The proportion of emotionality and rationality in the decision-making process in international business deals is poorly researched field from the side of Economic Psychology. No matter this, from a scientific point of view it will be very useful to provide a model which is capable to define the amount of emotionality versus rationality. The difficulty in creating such a model arises from the fact that the elements in the decision-making process have a qualitative character. Therefore, it is important to propose a concept of a model which converts qualitative factors into quantitative indicators in order to define their ratio. This would allow a comparison between the two elements concerning emotional and rational behaviour, which are mutually an integral part of the decision-making process. The article develops an approach that defines the share of emotionality to rationality in international trade deals. This approach is built up on different psychological meaning embedded in the questions of the survey. The degree of rationality and emotionality is determined on the basis of the answers that respondents give and depends on whether they choose answers that carry an emotional or rational charge. As the participants in the study are international counterparties from Europe, an analysis of their behavior towards the nationality of each of them is made. The uniqueness of intercultural differences also influences how rationally and emotionally the research results are distributed. New features and trends in the development of international economic relations have a significant impact on the effect of rationality in the decision-making process, but the emotional component will continue to be a significant factor until the creation of Artificial intelligence to replace the human factor.
Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan keperluan Pendidikan Tinggi di Malaysia

Kajian lepas menunjukkan sistem pendidikan tinggi berkembang seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi sesebuah negara. Namun begitu, dalam kes ekonorni Malaysia pengangguran siswazah menunjukkan trendyang semakin meningkat terutama dari kalangan mereka yang memiliki ijazah pertama, tetapi kurang dari kalangan pemegang diploma. Keadaan ini seolah-olah menggambarkan bahawa pasaran kerja tempatan lebih memerlukan pendidikan tinggi peringkat diploma berbanding ijazah pertama, sedangkan perkembangan sistem pendidikan tinggi negara ini lebih cenderung menghasilkan graduan peringkut ijazah pertama. Bagi mengelak pembaziran sumber adalah penting untuk menentukan program pendidikan yang benar-benar menyumbang kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Artikel ini bertujuan membuat analisis keperluan pendidikan tinggi di Malaysia berdasarkan data pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pendidikan tinggi dari tahun 1975 hingga 2004. Dalam konteks perkembangan pendidikan tinggi di Malaysia, hasil analisis menggunakan kaedah OLS menztnjukkan bahawa hanya enrolmen peringkat diploma mempunyai hubungan yang signi$kan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara.
Models for Predictive Railway Traffic Management

The potential growth in transport demand in the next decade and beyond requires a change from reactive to proactive traffic control to maintain and improve the reliability of railway traffic. In order to enable an anticipative approach to traffic management, it is necessary to develop the tools for monitoring, prediction and optimisation of the traffic operations. This thesis presents the models that can be used as components for a decision support system for predictive traffic management.
Computer aided location of avalanche victims with ground penetrating radar mounted on a helicopter

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) utilizes the reflection of electromagnetic waves for high resolution imaging of shallow subsurface structures. The goal of this paper is to study the potential of using GPR in combination with pattern recognition for rapid location of avalanche victims. Real world experiments and simulations have shown that avalanche victims reflect radar waves and appear as diffraction hyperbolas in the recorded radar data. This paper deals with a two level algorithm based on a fast active contour method and a matched filter for computer aided locating of diffraction hyperbolas.
Measurement, evaluation and control of the microclimate in rooms for weaned piglets

The Animal Occupied Zone (AOZ), or the microclimate, in a room for weaned piglets is roughly the zone between 0 and 50 cm above the floor of the pen. It is distinguished from the macroclimate, which is the average climate of a pig room. The ability to create and maintain an optimal climate in the AOZ is an important aspect of ventilation system performance, and was studied in this thesis in rooms for weaned piglets. The effectiveness of removal of air contaminants and heat from the AOZ highly depended on the type of ventilation system. It was highest in a room with ground channel ventilation. In a room with door-ventilation, it varied largely over the pens. In the room with porous ceiling ventilation the heat production of the animals resulted in an upward airflow above the lying area, which lowered AOZ contaminant removal effectiveness. For a good insight in thermal environment in the AOZ, air velocities were measured in the AOZ by an ultrasonic anemometer. The location of the anemometer in a pen appeared to be important and in a door-ventilated room there were differences in average air velocity between the pens. To indicate the quality of the thermal environment piglets in a batch are exposed to, two evaluation methods were introduced. The first uses solely AOZ air temperature; the other the kata-value (KV), which combines air velocity and air temperature. The methods result in numerical indicators, based on the duration and the magnitude of excess of AOZ thermal conditions outside the Thermo Neutral Zone. These methods proved to be useful tools in the technical evaluation of climate-systems, and the value of the indicator for ? too warm? conditions significantly affected animal performance. Comparison of both indicators learnt that air temperature is the most critical variable to be measured to characterize the AOZ climatic conditions, but for recognition of ? too cold? conditions KV clearly has additive value. Simulated AOZ climatic conditions were compared with measurements in a door-ventilated room, and showed that the simulation technique is a powerful tool for the design of a ventilation system, but needs to be calibrated with data from real farming situations. In a conventional climate control system in a room with ground channel ventilation AOZ temperature was lower and showed greater fluctuations than room temperature. Model predictive control including AOZ temperature measurement strongly reduced the temperature fluctuations in the AOZ
Next Generation Mashups: Cómo Crear misPropios Servicios en un Mundo Convergente.

Mashups have become a mainstream of the Web. Recently, several mashup platforms have introduced the usercentric paradigm, thus allowing end-users to create, share and enjoy their own services. However, these platforms still lack the advanced features that the mobile Web is able to support, other than just browsing on the mobile telephone. Advanced location features and the possibility of communicating from anywhere at anytime will leverage new business models thus providing end-users with amazing new services. This paper introduces a platform that merges user-centricity and mobile Web services with a mashup environment, and describes its main features.