Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speech and Multimodal Interaction in Mobile Search

With the widespread adoption of high-speed wireless networks symbiotically complemented by the burgeoning demand for smart mobile devices, access to the Internet is evolving from personal computers (PCs) to mobile devices. In this article, we highlight the characteristics of mobile search, discuss the state of speech-based mobile search, and present opportunities for exploiting multimodal interaction to optimize the efficiency of mobile search.
1 Correlation and Ensemble Performance

Using an ensemble of classifiers instead of a single classifier has been shown to improve generalization performance in many pattern recognition problems. However, the extent of such improvement depends greatly on the amount of correlation among the errors of the base classifiers. Therefore, reducing those correlations while keeping the classifiers’ performance levels high is an important area of research. In this article, we explore input decimation (ID), a method which selects feature subsets for their ability to discriminate among the classes and uses these subsets to decouple the base classifiers. We provide a summary of the theoretical benefits of correlation reduction, along with results of our method on two underwater sonar data sets, three benchmarks from the Proben1/UCI repositories, and two synthetic data sets. The results indicate that input decimated ensembles outperform ensembles whose base classifiers use all the input features; randomly selected subsets of features; and features created using principal components analysis, on a wide range of domains.
Working Paper No . 432 Job-Hopping in Silicon Valley : Some Evidence Concerning the Micro-Foundations of a High Technology Cluster

Observers of Silicon Valley’s computer cluster report that employees move rapidly between competing firms, but evidence supporting this claim is scarce. Job-hopping is important in computer clusters because it facilitates the reallocation of talent and resources toward firms with superior innovations. Using new data on labor mobility, we find higher rates of job-hopping for college-educated men in Silicon Valley’s computer industry than in computer clusters located out of the state. Mobility rates in other California computer clusters are similar to Silicon Valley’s, suggesting some role for features of California law that make non-compete agreements unenforceable. Consistent with our model of innovation, mobility rates outside of computer industries are no higher in California than elsewhere. JEL Classification R12, L63, O3, J63; J48
Role Based Programming Systems

This paper describes a programming model where programs are generated by composition of components based on the roles the components play in the execution of the program and two instantiations of this programming model. In this context, roles are specifications of the properties, behaviors and modes of interaction (semantics) of the components and the requirements of the components upon their environment. Components and their roles are specified in terms of ontologies derived from domain analyses of the application areas for the programs. The relationships between roles, naming models, programming models, coordination models and compositional development are explored. Ontologies and Roles in Programming Models
Precipitation extremes in the dry and wet regions of China and their connections with the sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

We investigated the connections between the precipitation extremes during 1953–2002 in the dry and wet regions of China and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP; including EI Niño–Southern Oscillation 1.2, 3, and 3.4 regions) based on two sets of observations, 17 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and nine regional climate model (RCM) results, which were downscaled using the RCM RegCM4. The grid cells with the lowest 30% nonmissing precipitation extremes were identified as the dry region, and those with the highest 30% comprised the wet region. Compared with observed extreme indices, the CMIP5 ensemble could simulate the temporal averages and spatial patterns of extreme indices in the dry and wet regions, where the temporal averages of the indices based on RCMs matched better with those of the observed indices. In the dry region of China, the extreme precipitation indices had positive regression coefficients versus the SST of the ETP for all data sets, but the linear relationships of the extreme indices with the SST were more complex in the wet region. Finally, we investigated the variations of the correlations of precipitation extremes with the SST of ETP in multiple RCM results and CMIP5 models, respectively.
Exploring the feasibility of unmanned aerial vehicles and thermal imaging for ungulate surveys in forests - preliminary results

ABSTRACT Effective wildlife management and conservation require reliable assessments of animal abundance. However, no ungulate monitoring methods is entirely satisfying in terms of cost-effectiveness and accuracy. A new method combining unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) and thermal infrared (TIR) imaging may have great potential as a tool for ungulate surveys. Drones enable safe operations at low flying altitudes, and at night – a time that often offers the optimal conditions for wildlife monitoring. To assess the feasibility of the proposed method we used fixed-wing drones with TIR cameras to conduct test surveys in Drawieński National Park, Poland. We demonstrated that ungulate thermal signatures are visible both in leafless deciduous and in pine-dominated coniferous forests. Survey timing highly influenced the results – the best quality thermal images were obtained at sunrise, late evening, and at night. Our preliminary results indicated that thermal surveys from drones are a promising method for ungulate enumeration. We demonstrated that with ground resolution of ~10 cm it is possible to visibly distinguish large species (i.e. red deer) and achieve a good level of area coverage. The main challenges of the method are difficulties in species identification due to relatively low resolution of TIR cameras, regulations limiting drone operations to visual line of sight, and high dependence on weather.
Passive flow control of the corner separation in an annular compressor cascade with a micro-blade

Corner separation contributes greatly to the loss and the passage blockage in a compressor stage. In order to mitigate the corner separation and improve the aerodynamic performance of compressors, a novel passive flow control method, an off-surface micro-blade installed upstream of the separation onset location, was proposed. A numerical investigation has was performed in an annular compressor cascade to assess the control effectiveness of the micro-blade. The results show that the location of the micro-blade affects the control effect significantly. The application of the well-designed micro-blade enhances the diffusion capacity considerably under the inflow incidence from −2° to +10°, accompanied by a slight loss reduction at some particular incidences. Detailed analysis of the predicted flow field was carried out to understand the underlying mechanism. It indicates that a “jet” forms upstream of the separation onset location with the application of the micro-blade. The formation of the jet reduces the thickness of boundary layer on the suction surface and builds a “jet barrier” near the endwall to hinder the accumulation of the low momentum fluid. The influence of the incidence was also investigated. It is concluded that the incidence increase has both positive and negative influences on the control effect of the micro-blade. As a result, the performance of the micro-blade is sensitive to the variation of inlet incidence.
Aalborg Universitet Decoding of movement characteristics for Brain Computer Interfaces application

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Efficient Techniques for In-Band System Information Broadcast in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO

We consider joint beamforming of data to scheduled terminals (STs) and broadcast of system information (SI) to idle terminals (ITs) on the same time-frequency resource in multi-cell multi-user massive MIMO systems. We consider two different types of SI broadcast, i) synchronous broadcast of common (i.e., same) SI symbols from all cells, and ii) synchronous broadcast of cell-specific SI symbols from each cell. Through analysis we derive expressions for the achievable sum rate to STs in each cell and the rate of SI transmission to an IT for both these types of SI broadcast. We also derive expressions for the sum rate to STs and the rate to an IT for traditional orthogonal access (OA) where a fraction of physical resource is reserved for broadcast of SI. Simulations reveal that, just as in the single-cell scenario, for the multi-cell scenario also, joint beamforming and broadcasting (JBB) is more energy efficient than OA.
Influence Propagation in Social Networks: A Data Mining Perspective

The study of the spread of influence through a social network has a long history in the social sciences. The first studies focused on the adoption of medical and agricultural innovations, later marketing researchers investigated the "word-of-mouth" diffusion process as an important mechanism by which information can reach large populations, possibly influencing public opinion, driving new product market share and brand awareness. Recently, thanks to the success of on-line social networks and microblogging platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, the phenomenon of influence exerted by users of an online social network on other users and in how it propagates in the network, has attracted the interest of computer scientists and IT specialists. One of the key problems in this area is the identification of influential users, by targeting whom certain desirable outcomes can be achieved. Here, targeting could mean giving free (or price discounted) samples of a product and the desired outcome may be to get as many customers to buy the product as possible. In this talk we take a data mining perspective and we discuss what (and how) can be learned from the available traces of past propagations. While doing this we provide a brief survey of some recent progresses in this area, as well as discuss the open problems.
The Role of Cognitive Appraisal in Work-Family Experiences of Indian IT Employees

Demographic changes have had a catalytic effect on the number of people participating in multiple roles and juggling them as they go through various life functions. Two of the major domains where these roles are based are work and family. This study draws on Person-environment fit theory to understand to what extent congruence between an individual and her⁄his environment affects her⁄his experience of work-family interface. Through this, the study seeks to capture the cognitive appraisal process by which work and family experiences can exacerbate work-family conflict (WFC) and enhance work-family enrichment (WFE). This study is an attempt to respond to calls by researchers to look at the process of cognitive appraisal and congruence which have largely been ignored in work-family literature. These processes could help understand why given the same situation and environmental contexts, individuals might differ in their work-family experiences. Congruence, measured at two levels — congruence and incongruence — has been taken as the independent variable in the study. The different measures of work-family conflict and work-family enrichment have been taken as the dependent variables. Responses in the study were drawn from software professionals working in IT organizations. It was found that the incongruent individuals reported significantly higher levels of work-family conflict on all the dimensions of conflict as compared to the congruent individuals. In contrast, when it came to work-family enrichment, congruent individuals reported significantly higher levels of enrichment on all the dimensions as compared to incongruent individuals. By capturing the role of cognitive appraisal on work-family interface, the study contributes theoretically and empirically to the extant literature on work and family. As organizations across sectors are taking steps to promote work-life harmony, the finding that congruence leads to greater work-family enrichment and incongruence leads to greater work-family conflict has important practical implications for the formulation of work-family policies.
A Smart Home Monitoring System for Abnormal Human Activity Detection Using SVM

: To provide appropriate solution for Abnormal Human Activity Recognition Using Multiclass SVM Approach this is very important feature in smart home concept. To capture human activity and analyze that data, these both activities are very essential in abnormal activity detection. Database classification of images directly affect to the performance of the system where these image data is used as an input. We are introducing a new approach to enhance the accuracy of Abnormal Human Activity of database classification by using K-Means, Random forest and multi-class SVM. SVM helps in categorization of data since it is used for classification of images and its data. k-means is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well known clustering problem. It forms clusters of similar activity. It Calculate the distance between each data activity attribute and forms different activity cluster. Random Forests algorithm is a good algorithm to use for complex classification tasks. Since we are using K-Means and Random forest together to classify and discover abnormal activity effectively.
Topographic Complexity Is a Principal Driver of Plant Endemism in Mediterranean Islands

The frequency of endemism in the flora of Mediterranean Islands does not follow a straightforward species–area relationship, and the determinants of endemism are several and complex. The aim of this study was to estimate the explanatory power of a small number of variables on the species richness of vascular plants on selected Mediterranean islands and archipelagos, and on the proportion of narrow endemism in each. We used a novel approach whereby the topographic complexity and isolation of an island were estimated through more detailed methods than those utilised previously. These parameters, along with island area and human population density, were used in a number of regression models with the number of taxa or proportion of endemics as the dependent variables. The results demonstrated that ‘topography’, a factor that was not specifically included in previous models for Mediterranean islands, exerted a consistent, statistically significant effect on both the number of taxa as well as the proportion of endemic taxa, in all models tested. The ‘isolation’ factor was not a significant predictor of the number of taxa in any of the models but was a statistically significant predictor of the proportion of endemic taxa in two of the models. The results can be used to make broad predictions about the expected number of taxa and endemics on an island, enabling the categorisation of islands as ‘species-poor’ or ‘species-rich’, potentially aiding conservation efforts.
Familial LCAT Deficiency and Low HDL-C Levels: In silico Characterization of Two Rare LCAT Missense Mutations

Abstract Mutations in the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) gene, which catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol, result in two types of autosomal recessive disorders: Familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and Fish Eye Disease (FED). While both phenotypes are characterized by corneal opacities and different forms of dyslipidemia, such as low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), FLD exhibits more severe clinical manifestations like splenomegaly, anemia, and renal failure. We describe the first clinically and genetically confirmed case of FLD in Colombia which corresponds to a 46-year-old woman with corneal opacity, hypothyroidism, and dyslipidemia, who does not have any manifestations of renal failure, with two pathogenic heterozygous missense variants in the LCAT gene: LCAT (NM_000229.2):c.803G>A (p.Arg268His) and LCAT (NM_000229.2):c.368G>C (p.Arg123Pro). In silico analysis of the mutations predicted the physicochemical properties of the mutated protein, causing instability and potentially decreased LCAT function. These compound mutations highlight the clinical heterogeneity of the phenotypes associated with LCAT gene mutations.
Inconsistent effects of components as evidence for non-compositionality in chimpanzee face-gesture combinations? A response to Oña et al (2019)

Using field observations from a sanctuary, Oña and colleagues (DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7623) investigated the semantics of face-gesture combinations in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). The response of the animals to these signals was encoded as a binary measure: positive interactions such as approaching or grooming were considered affiliative; ignoring or attacking was considered non-affiliative. The relevant signals are illustrated in Fig. 1 (https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7623/fig-1), together with the outcome in terms of average affiliativeness. The authors observe that there seems to be no systematicity in the way the faces modify the responses to the gestures, sometimes reducing affiliativeness, sometimes increasing it. A strong interpretation of this result would be that the meaning of a gesture-face combination cannot be derived from the meaning of the gesture and the meaning of the face, that is, the interpretation of chimpanzees’ face-gesture combinations are non compositional in nature. We will revisit this conclusion: we will exhibit simple compositional systems which, after all, may be plausible. At the methodological level, we argue that it is critical to lay out the theoretical options explicitly for a complete comparison of their pros and cons.
The date/delay effect in intertemporal choice: A combined fMRI and eye‐tracking study

Abstract Temporal discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards as a function of delay until receipt, is influenced by time framing. Specifically, discount rates are shallower when the time at which the reward is received is presented as a date (date condition; e.g., June 8, 2023) rather than in delay units (delay condition; e.g., 30 days), which is commonly referred to as the date/delay effect. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms of this effect are not well understood. Here, we examined the date/delay effect by analysing combined fMRI and eye‐tracking data of N = 31 participants completing a temporal discounting task in both a delay and a date condition. The results confirmed the date/delay effect and revealed that the date condition led to higher fixation durations on time attributes and to higher activity in precuneus/PCC and angular gyrus, that is, areas previously associated with episodic thinking. Additionally, participants made more comparative eye movements in the date compared to the delay condition. A lower date/delay effect was associated with higher prefrontal activity in the date > delay contrast, suggesting that higher control or arithmetic operations may reduce the date/delay effect. Our findings are in line with hypotheses positing that the date condition is associated with differential time estimation and the use of more comparative as opposed to integrative choice strategies. Specifically, higher activity in memory‐related brain areas suggests that the date condition leads to higher perceived proximity of delayed rewards, while higher frontal activity (middle/superior frontal gyrus, posterior medial frontal cortex, cingulate) in participants with a lower date/delay effect suggests that the effect is particularly pronounced in participants avoiding complex arithmetic operations in the date condition.
Governing ecosystem services for building resilience in food security

Food is a very basic human need which can't be met without nature and the ecosystem services it provides. In West Africa, a large part of the population is chronically food insecure and affected by recurrent crises while natural resources are under pressure. Strengthening resilience of food insecure people, villages or countries has then become the watchword of donors and policymakers involved in the food security field. The Global Alliance for Resilience (AGIR) in Sahel and West Africa launched in 2012 has led to many projects aiming at better linking emergency and development, and to many works focusing on the analysis and the measurement of resilience so as to assess the results of projects. Resilience indicators tend to emphasize endowments ("capitals") and their respective evolutions, while resilience-thinking would highlight how this dynamic interconnect. In this communication, we aim to go beyond the framework of development projects and debates on resilience metrics, to discuss how people in West Africa use natural resources for their food and nutrition security in face of diverse shocks and long term constraints. What strategies are adopted at individual, household and collective level to build a socio-environmental context that maintains or increases the capacity of natural resources to contribute to food and nutrition security? How multi-levels governance on access and use of natural resources and the power relationships affect these strategies? Burkina Faso is our field to study the evolution of farm households' strategies over the medium and long term, and how particular events in governance have affected these trajectories. We highlight the key role of natural vegetation, fallows and parklands in food and nutrition security as well as how learning processes serve to build strategies aiming at preserving this role. (Texte integral)
Implicit Enumeration of Structural Chang es in Circuit Optimization

ing signals we obtain interval The interval is not empty, implying that the reconnection is feasible. The interval also represents a set of two possible functions for . Thus, new logic for can be selected either as or as . (The Fig. 2b circuit selects since it provides a favored implementation in modern technology.) ■ Note that interval notation in (3) has a simple extension for accommodating external don’t cares and don’t cares of forward of logic by placing them in the off-set of . Fig. 1. Circuit restructuring through signal rewiring and resubstitution. The transformation changes and its support without modifying function . h f y x