Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kadar Soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (sHLA-G), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) dan Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) pada Preeklampsia

Preeklampsia dapat disebabkan oleh adanya maladaptasi immun antara janin dan ibu. Kadar sHLA-G yang rendah dapatmempengaruhi ketidakseimbangan faktor proangiogenik VEGF dan antiangiogenik sFlt-1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui perbedaan kadar sHLA-G, VEGF dan sFlt-1 pada preeklampsia dan kehamilan normal secara observasionalmenggunakan metode potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta danlaboratorium Prodia dari bulan April – Juni 2014. Tiga puluh (30) sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dibagimenjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 15 pasien preeklampsia berat dan 15 pasien hamil normal. Semua sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan kadarsHLA-G, VEGF dan sFlt-1 dengan metode ELISA. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Rerata kadar sHLA-G pada preeklampsia(52,72 ± 37,09 unit/ml) dan hamil normal (76,72 ± 32 unit/ml) dengan nilai p = 0,03, kadar VEGF pada preeklampsia (9,53 ± 1,02ng/ml) dan hamil normal (17,41 ± 8,05 ng/ml) dengan nilai p = 0,00 dan kadar sFlt-1 pada preeklampsia (4308,02 + 2718,05 ng/ml)dan pada hamil normal (2302,07 ± 1767,05 ng/ml) dengan nilai p = 0,02. Simpulan, pada preeklampsia kadar sHLA-G dan VEGFlebih rendah, kadar sFlt-1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal. (MOG 2014;22 126-131)
Diagnosing coastal ocean CO2 interannual variability from a 40 year hydrographic time series station off the east coast of Australia

Advancing our understanding of the ocean's role in modulating atmospheric carbon dioxide interannual variability is important but limited by the lack of temporal ocean CO2 observations throughout most of the world's oceans. In particular, the role of the coastal ocean for interannual variability of CO2 is unknown, but expected to be large given the dynamics of land to ocean CO2 exchanges. Two coastal hydrographic time series stations at Port Hacking off Sydney, Australia, have collected and measured hydrographic properties (temperature, salinity, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) since 1942. Here I examine the potential to use empirical relationships derived from nearby discrete CO2 measurements to diagnose CO2 interannual variability at the Port Hacking time series station. I test the approach by predicting interannual variability of CO2 at the Bermuda Time Series Station (BATS) in the North Atlantic between 1988 and 2008 and show the method captures 78% of the observed interannual variability found at BATS. I further use oxygen as a tracer to diagnose the length scales of variability in the southwest Pacific to provide insight into the applicability of the method. After applying the approach at Port Hacking, significant CO2 interannual variability was found (up to ± 30 ppm) that was largely driven by local regional variability in nutrients (nitrate) and temperature with little link to larger modes of variability (SAM or ENSO). Oceanic CO2 was diagnosed to be almost always lower than atmospheric CO2 levels (ΔpCO2 ∼ 10–55 μatm), indicating a quasi‐permanent coastal ocean CO2 sink during winter off Sydney. Direct pCO2 measurements taken along the NSW coastline in April and August 2008 confirm the empirical predictions and a wider CO2 sink along Australia's east coast. If extrapolating the Port Hacking CO2 results to the New South Wales coastline, the annual coastal CO2 sink would be about −0.05 Tg C/yr. Both the empirical predictions and direct measurements of CO2 presented here along the Australian east coast support recent reviews suggesting continental shelves act as a significant CO2 sink, at least during autumn and winter.
Monitoring land use change using remote sensing and GIS

Rapid land use change has take place in Wuhan, the largest mega-city in central China during the last decade. Remotely sensed imagery together with geographical information system have long been utilized to monitor spatial and temporal land use change. The aim of this paper is to find out the land use change and the trend of urban growth in Wuhan, China using satellite images. The Landsat TM image acquired in 1991 and the Landsat ETM image acquired in 2002 were used to monitor land use change in Wuhan. The images were geo-referenced according to Gauss-Kruger projection with Krasovsky spheroid, by using 1:50, 000 topographical maps. The image processing is implemented by using Erdas Imagine package. The RMS error has been controlled under the limit of 1 pixel. The geo-referenced images were classified as seven land use types: cultivated land, forest land, grassland, urban and villages, transportation, water bodies and barren land. Two land use maps were produced for each date. The geo-referenced, classified images were compared pixel by pixel to locate and quantify land use changes that took place from 1991 to 2002 period. The further change detection analysis in a later stage is performed in ArcGIS. The transition matrix was produced and the quantitative information on the size of land use change from one type to another was compiles. The results of study indicate that the conversion of land use from cultivated land to urban was prominent, the rapid urban sprawl has occupied lots of cultivated land and water bodies, the urban area significantly increased 30%, most of which are converted from cultivated land. these valuable cultivated land need careful protection by providing land use plans to guide urban growth going toward the right directions. The results obtained from this application also indicate that the use of satellite imageries is very useful for mapping land use changes, and the monitoring land use change is essential for land use planning and urban sustainable development.
Estimating farmers' preferences in selection of indigenous chicken genetic resources using non-market attributes

The objective of this paper was to estimate the farmers� preferences based on the non-market traits in selection, breeding and conservation of indigenous chicken. The study was carried out in four selected counties of Kenya. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with the use of multi-attribute elicitation techniques applied to 450 rural households. Conjoint analysis through an ordered probit model was used to analyse the data. The study identified traits preferred by the farmers based on their current low-input production circumstances. Using these traits, indigenous chicken can be selected for higher productivity and performance while retaining their diversity and adaptability. In general, the determination of the importance of various attributes elucidates to the stakeholders some valuable aspects that would assist them in overcoming some of the major constraints of indigenous chicken production in rural areas and at the same time provides vital information for selection, conservation and development of breeding programmes.
Versatile-Modulation and Megabit-Rate Backscatter System: Design, Implementation, and Experimental Results

Due to its almost zero power consumption and low-hardware costs, backscatter technology has recently gained considerable attention. However, traditional backscatter systems employ basic binary modulations to transmit data at a relatively low rate. In this article, we introduce VITAS, a new backscatter system that enables the tag to communicate with the transceiver using versatile modulations at a megabit rate. First, we present the design of the tag, which supports both binary and higher order modulations. We also develop a series of assembly instructions for the tag controller to generate modulated symbols with minimal clock cycles, thereby enhancing the data rate for a given clock frequency. Then, we design the transceiver to coordinate the backscatter communications with the tag. The transceiver incorporates a specific symbol synchronization algorithm to address the accumulated timing errors resulting from the tag unstable clock during high-rate transmission. Furthermore, we fabricate the tag on a four-layer acrlong PCB and implement the transceiver on a acrlong USRP X310. Finally, we provide experimental results to show that the VITAS system is capable of transmitting acrshort QPSK symbols at a maximum rate of 3 Mbit/s while consuming only $9.63~\mu \text{W}$ (3.21 pJ/bit).
Correlation of P wave amplitudes and travel time residuals for teleseisms recorded on the Southern California Seismic Network

P waves from 13 teleseismic events, well distributed in azimuth and recorded on a large short-period network in southern California, show a positive correlation between travel time residuals and relative amplitudes. Slower arrivals are consistently larger than faster arrivals. Although there is a large amount of scatter, the data show an amplitude increase of about a factor of 2 for a 1-s increase in travel time. The correlation can be seen in various subsets of the data: individual earthquakes, single stations recording 10 or more earthquakes and data averaged over all recorded events at each station. Because the variations in amplitude and travel time can be associated with surface geology, much of the data recorded at non bedrock sites can be explained in terms of a near-surface layer of varying velocity. The travel time residual would then be directly proportional to the velocity in the layer and the amplitude proportional to the square root of the velocity contrast at the base of the layer. However, some stations show azimuthally varying travel time residuals that are attributed to upper mantle velocity structures. We use a two-dimensional finite difference calculation to show that velocity anomalies in the upper mantle can also contribute to the observed correlation of travel time and amplitude.
Sustainable tourism: a comprehensive literature review on frameworks and applications

This paper aims to study the progress of research on Sustainable Tourism and to outline and identify the key disciplines, journals, articles and authors. This is carried out through a wide, in-depth, and structured examination of published scholarly papers. In recent decades, sustainable tourism has been one of the most significant subjects among academics and practitioners. In this paper, a classification scheme and a comprehensive literature review are presented in order to clarify, categorise, and interpret the current research on sustainable tourism definitions and applications. The classification scheme for this review contains 132 scholarly papers from 47 journals since the year 1993 up to 2013 categorised into 14 application areas. The five major topics are Paradigm, Sustainable Tourism Development, Market research and Economic, Policy-making, and Infrastructure. The scholarly papers are also sorted by (we suggest using the exact order used later in the paper) (1) year of publication; (2) publication journal; (3) subject area citations. It is hoped that this paper provides the needs of researchers and practitioners with easy references for sustainable tourism and its definitions and applications, and also presents future research opportunities.
Recovery of the marine fauna in Europe after the end-Triassic and Early Toarcian mass Extinctions

Abstract A detailed analysis of species diversity increase, zone by zone up the Liassic section in northwest Europe, has been undertaken for the six fossil groups for which adequate data are available: bivalves, ammonites, rhynchonellid brachiopods, crinoids, foraminifera and ostracods. The general pattern is of a rapid increase through the Hettangian from a very low level after the end-Triassic mass extinction, followed by a slower rate of increase until the late Pliensbachian. Thereafter there was a drastic fall in the early Toarcian as a consequence of the mass extinction of that time, followed by a further rise continuing into the Middle Jurassic. A more general study takes into account data from southern Europe and extra-European localities, the best of which for the Liassic being in Argentina and Chile. The best data come from brachiopods and bivalves. The brachiopod pattern is similar to that described above for a more limited geographical region, with genera already occurring in the Hettangian and Sinemurian of southern Europe spreading into northwest Europe in the Pliensbachian. The bivalve data show that genera present in the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian of South America did not reach Europe until after the late Toarcian and early Middle Jurassic. Reef ecosystems, which were drastically affected by the end-Triassic mass extinction, did not re-establish themselves until the Pliensbachian; the early Toarcian event had a similarly deleterious effect. There is a good correlation between the Hettangian to Pliensbachian diversity rise and rise of sea level, with the very low diversity values of the early Hettangian being associated with widespread dysoxic and anoxic conditions. The low diversities of the early Toarcian are also associated with anoxia correlated with a rapid sea-level rise, with the immigration into Europe of South American taxa taking place subsequently when environmental conditions ameliorated and the higher sea level permitted freer communication, most probably through the Hispanic Corridor across the present Central Atlantic region.
Examining the activity of cefepime-taniborbactam against Burkholderia cepacia complex and Burkholderia gladioli isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in the United States

ABSTRACT The novel clinical-stage β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination, cefepime-taniborbactam, demonstrates promising activity toward many Gram-negative bacteria producing class A, B, C, and/or D β-lactamases. We tested this combination against a panel of 150 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and Burkholderia gladioli strains. The addition of taniborbactam to cefepime shifted cefepime minimum inhibitory concentrations toward the provisionally susceptible range in 59% of the isolates tested. Therefore, cefepime-taniborbactam possessed similar activity as first-line agents, ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, supporting further development.
A rainsplash component analysis to define mechanisms of soil detachment and transportation

Rainsplash is a term that has been used to describe a wide variety of effects caused by the impact of raindrops on soils. This is because rainsplash, even by individual drops, is not a single process but a combination of several discrete but interacting soil particle detachment and transport mechanisms. Because there are a number of possible rainsplash sub-processes that may operate on soils, some of the terminology used in splash studies is inconsistent. In response, this paper reviews some of the past research on raindrop{soil interactions, as well as incorporating observations by the author, in order to clarify the definitions used to describe soil dispersal mechanisms during drop impact. Five main mechanisms are identified, and defined as (1) aggregate breakdown, (2) cratering, (3) splashing, (4) splash saltation, and (5) splash creep, several of which are illustrated with photographic and video techniques under laboratory splash tests. For rainfall in field conditions, an integrated ‘component approach’ introduces a more expansive and flexible approach to rainsplash on soils than is currently available, by considering this geomorphological process as a suite of discrete but interacting mechanisms, varying with changing rainfall and soil characteristics during storms. Some implications of this concept for erosion studies in splash-prone areas are examined.
Deformation at the northern end of the Icelandic rift mapped by InSAR (1992-2000), a decade after the Krafla Rifting Episode

From 1975 to 1984 the northern Icelandic rift underwent a rifting crisis. Large widening, rapid and local subsiding and uplifting occurred on the Krafla fracture swarm with several fissure eruptions. Since 1992 the area has been regularly covered by the two ERS radar satellites, allowing us to form 110 INSAR interferograms with 22 SAR scenes for mapping crustal deformation. At the regional scale, the signal is characterised by a series of parallel fringes oriented N15°W. The polarity of these fringes is constant throughout the mapped area. The measurement represents an increase of 1.7 cm/y in ground to satellite distance for the Western bloc. This signal is estimated to correspond to the combination of a horizontal opening movement and a vertical movement. In addition, the local signal at Krafla is marked by a series of concentric circular fringes forming a circle centred on the volcano and two U shaped structures, respectively upright to the South and upside down to the North of the volcano. The signal geometry indicates that the main component of movement affecting Krafla is vertical. The measured signal corresponds to a 2.2 cm/y increase in the ground to satellite distance, representing a maximum 2.4 cm/y ground subsidence. The large number of interferograms on which the deformation signal affecting Krafla is visible allows us to ascertain that the deformation rate remains constant since 1992.
Carbonate sedimentation on Pacific coral reefs

The contributions in this special issue represent recent advances in carbonate sediment research in and around the coral reefs of the Pacific regions of Japan, New Caledonia, and Tahiti. The issue contains five articles covering a range of subjects including fundamental research on the use corals and large-sized benthic foraminifers in paleoenvironmental reconstructions, facies analyses of modern off-reef sediments, and isotopic analyses of tricanid shells. The issue opens with a classical sedimentary facies description by Yamano et al. (2015), who examine surface carbonate sediments on the outer shelf and slope around New Caledonia. Facies showed significant variations in composition, from benthosto plankton-dominated, according to water depth, currents, and local seafloor geomorphology. Their results contribute baseline data for examinations of carbonate sedimentary facies in tropical to subtropical environments. Following the description of general facies patterns, the issue contains further investigations on the use of specific organisms (including corals and benthic foraminifers) in reconstructions of facies and paleoenvironments. Humblet et al. (2015) present identification keys for four widespread genera of fossil corals (Acropora, Isopora, Montipora, and Porites) that are commonly recovered from outcrops and drilled cores. They argue that fossil corals should generally be identified from sectioned material, as coral surfaces are usually obscured by encrusters or sediments, and coral specimens are often broken or eroded. Further work extending this type of investigation to all coral genera would greatly contribute to a better understanding of coral reef development and paleoenvironmental assessments. Hongo and Wirrmann (2015) examine cores from Pleistocene and Holocene barrier reefs in New Caledonia and identify several key species for reef formation and maintenance. They emphasize the need for further research on the restoration and conservation of key species, as some of these species are presently in decline. Fujita and Omori (2015) examine largesized benthic foraminifers from Recent surface sediments and Pleistocene subsurface deposits obtained during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 310, off Tahiti. By referring to modern foraminifer assemblages, they show that the Pleistocene sequence off Tahiti was deposited in a fore-reef slope environment. As with corals, the authors propose that an examination of modern assemblages of foraminifers would contribute to a better understanding of facies formation and improved paleoenvironmental reconstructions. In addition to their role in sedimentary facies analysis, carbonate skeletons and shells are reliable recorders of paleoenvironments at high *Correspondence bs_bs_banner
Exchange Rate Arrangements in East Asia: Lessons from the 1997-98 Currency Crisis

This paper examines the evolution of exchange rate arrangements in East Asia's emerging market economies over the last 10 years. It considers both "official" and "observed" exchange rate arrangements in these economies from an international comparative perspective. By focusing on the roles of the dollar, the yen, and the euro as anchor currencies for exchange rate stabilization, the paper claims that the dollar played a dominant role as a de jure or de facto anchor for emerging East Asia until the 1997-98 currency crisis. During the crisis, the dollar's dominance naturally declined in affected East Asia as a result of a general shift to more flexible exchange rate arrangements. In the post-crisis period, the dollar has regained prominence in some countries (notably in Malaysia), while its dominance has been reduced and exchange rate flexibility has risen in others ( notably in Indonesia). Interesting is the observation that Korea and Thailand appear to have shifted to a de facto currency basket arrangement with significant weights on the dollar and the yen, similar to Singapore 's managed floating arrangement. This paper also considers what may be a desirable currency system for the region. Given the high volatility of yen/dollar exchange rates and partner diversity of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) relationships, it claims that the emerging East Asian economies would be better off stabilizing their currencies to a balanced currency basket in which the dollar, the yen, and the euro play equally important roles. For infra-regional exchange rate stability, greater coordination on the currency basket policy would be desirable, and this needs to be supported by regional policy dialogue and financing mechanisms.
Is all groundwater worth protecting? The example of the Kellaways Sand

Abstract Many formations treated as Minor Aquifers for the purposes of resource protection do not meet accepted definitions of aquifers. The Kellaways Sand is a typical example, and modern waste-disposal licences require the installation of an engineered containment system to protect groundwater within it. However, the formation is clay-rich and only 4 to 5 m in thickness, and has a transmissivity of around 1.3 × 10−1 m2day−1. Contained water quality is poor with salinities well above maximum admissible concentrations for drinking water. As the Kellaways Sand does not yield water to pumping wells, the only rational reason for protection is that the formation might contribute to baseflow in the River Ouse to the northeast. However, hydraulic gradients are such that seepage rates to the river will not exceed more than a few cubic metres per year over the length of outcrop adjacent to the river. It is concluded that the installation of engineered mineral liners at the base of brickpits in the Lower Oxford Clay do nothing to reduce the risks associated with waste disposal. Resources spent on protecting the Kellaways Sand could be better used in other areas of environmental protection.
Linear trends and closures of 10-yr observations of AIRS stratospheric channels

AbstractThe Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) level-1b radiances have been shown to be well calibrated (~0.3 K or higher) and have little secular drift (~4 mK yr−1) since operation started in September 2002. This paper investigates the linear trends of 10 years (2003–12) of AIRS global-mean radiances in the CO2 v2 band that are sensitive to emissions from the stratosphere (stratospheric channels). AIRS lower-stratospheric channels have a cooling trend of no more than 0.23 K decade−1 whereas the midstratospheric channels consistently show a statistically significant cooling trend as large as 0.58 K decade−1. The 95% confidence interval for the trend is ~±0.20 K decade−1. Two sets of synthetic AIRS radiances are computed using the principal component–based radiative transfer model (PCRTM), one based on a free-running GFDL Atmospheric Model, version 3 (AM3), over the same period and one based on ERA-Interim. The GFDL AM3 simulations overestimate the cooling trends in the mid- to upper-stratospheric channel.