Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Event Detection from Surveillance Video

Content-based video analysis serves as the cornerstone for many applications: video understanding or summarization, multimedia information retrieval and data mining, etc. In our research, we aim to automatically detect anomalous events from surveillance videos (such as video monitoring traffic flow or pedestrian congestion in public spaces). An event is an anomaly if its behavior deviates from what one expects. For example, one such anomaly would be a vehicle making left turn from a straight-only traffic lane. If a system can detect such an event, which poses a safety risk, a human operator can be signaled to alleviate the situation. Conceptually, what constitutes an anomaly varies in different video scenarios and is difficult to be defined in a general case. Our first solution is based on an unsupervised learning approach. First, all the video events are represented by trajectories of moving objects. Then they are clustered into several behavior patterns under a probabilistic framework. Those patterns with low frequency of occurrence (few trajectory supports) are identified as anomalous patterns. Therefore, our system can automatically detect anomalous object trajectories without acquiring any domain knowledge for different video scenarios. Our contributions include a novel hierarchical clustering algorithm and branch pruning strategies to reduce the complexity. The second solution extends our anomalous trajectory detection to an arbitrary time length (e.g., one part of a complete trajectory) and multiple objects (multiple trajectories). It is a hierarchal data mining process. We define video events at three semantic levels considering spatiotemporal context: atomic event (motion of one object at any specific time), sequential event (motion of one object within a time range), and co-occurrence event (co-occurrence of multiple objects at specific time). Frequency-based mining techniques are utilized to automatically discover normal event patterns at each level. Those trajectory(ies) parts different from normal patterns are detected as anomalous. Furthermore, we extend this solution to video scenarios where object trajectories cannot be extracted (e.g., crowd motion analysis). Our contributions in this solution include introduction of different event levels and incorporation of spatiotemporal context into video anomaly detection.
Role of environmental enrichment on social interaction, anxiety, locomotion, and memory in Wistar rats under chronic methylphenidate intake

Introduction Chronic use of various compounds can have long-lasting effects on animal behavior, and some of these effects can be influenced by the environment. Many environmental enrichment protocols have the potential to induce behavioral changes. Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate how environmental enrichment can mitigate the effects of chronic methylphenidate consumption on the behavior of Wistar rats. Methods The animals were housed for 20 days under either an environmental enrichment protocol (which included tubes of different shapes) or standard housing conditions. After seven days, half of the rats received 13 days of oral administration of methylphenidate (2 mg/kg). After seven days, the rats underwent behavioral tests, including the elevated plus maze (anxiety), open field (locomotion), object-in-place recognition test (spatial memory), and a test for social interaction (social behavior). Results The results showed that the enriched environmental condition reversed the enhanced time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze induced by methylphenidate (F[1,43] = 4.275, p = 0.045). Methylphenidate also enhanced exploratory rearing in the open field (F[1,43] = 4.663, p = 0.036) and the time spent in the open area of the open field (H[3] = 8.786, p = 0.032). The enriched environment mitigated the inhibition of social interaction with peers induced by methylphenidate (H[3] = 16.755, p < 0.001) as well as the preference for single exploratory behavior (H[3] = 9.041, p = 0.029). Discussion These findings suggest that environmental enrichment can counteract some of the effects of methylphenidate. These results are relevant for the clinical treatment of the long-lasting secondary effects associated with methylphenidate pharmacological treatment.
Maximising Affordability of Real-Time Colorimetric LAMP Assays

Molecular diagnostics have become indispensable in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. This diagnostic form can offer rapid and precise identification of pathogens and biomarkers. However, traditional laboratory-based molecular testing methods can be expensive and require specialised training, limiting their accessibility in resource-limited settings and on-site applications. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an innovative approach to reducing costs and complexity in portable colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) devices. The research evaluates different resistive heating systems to create an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and compact device to heat a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block for precise temperature control during LAMP reactions. By combining this novel heating system with an off-the-shelf red-green-blue (RGB) sensor to detect and quantify colour changes, the integrated system can accurately detect Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the bacteria responsible for ratoon stunting disease (RSD) in sugarcane. The experimental validation of this system demonstrates its ability to detect the target pathogen in real time, making it an important development for low cost, portable, and easy-to-use molecular diagnostics in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring applications.
User profiles and precision analysis based on Gen Z short video behavior with FP-Growth algorithm

Analyzing the relationship between GEN Z employees job performance and online Short Video behavior is the focus of employment management and guidance in companies under the background of big data. This paper extracts the characteristics of employees' job burnout information and online Short Video behavior data, constructs the student label model with new employees as the research object, we use association rules to mine the relationship between employers performance and online behavior, and analyze the behavior characteristics with different performance. The results show that three typical portraits exists in A employees, three typical paths in A employees, two typical paths in C employees. These results guide employees’ online short video behavior, and provide the application of association rule mining and behavior analysis in job performance.
Theoretical Research into Leadership for Sustainability

Given the social and environmental challenges facing all organizations, there is a need for new leadership models, methods, and tools for implementing organizational change for sustainable development. Thus, throughout this article, it is reviewed the current approaches to leadership for sustainability in terms of their conceptual frameworks and extant research, which all advocate a balanced stakeholder approach to leadership to address the social and environmental issues related to sustainability and sustainable development. Being drawn from spiritual and centered on leadership theories, the article offers a Global Leadership for Sustainability model that incorporates and extends the conceptual domain beyond current approaches to leadership for sustainability. Spirituality, through the qualities of self-transcendence and interconnectedness, is critical for sustainability and fundamental for Global Leadership for Sustainability. The article also emphasizes the importance of cultivating a Global Mindset for Sustainability, which incorporates two ethical principles—an ethic of remote moral responsibility and an ethic of care and compassion. As a result, global leaders for sustainability become more committed to moving beyond satisfying stakeholders’ demands for economic returns, towards a more sustainable, triple-bottom line, balanced approach. Finally, we discuss implications for theory, research, and practice. Global leaders for sustainability are consequently more dedicated to adopting a triple-bottom-line, balanced approach that goes beyond meeting stakeholders' needs for financial gains. To change the paradigm of leadership and develop leaders who can cooperate to tackle difficult sustainability challenges, sustainability education is crucial. An up-to-date and broadened understanding of leadership is what ‘leadership for sustainability' means, putting sustainable values into practice, leading from a paradigm of living processes, and developing an inclusive, collaborative, and reflective leadership style. To make recommendations for best practices in leadership development, this study reviews and integrates literature on leadership, leadership development, and sustainability education. The following are some recommended pedagogical strategies for developing leaders: self-observation and awareness, contemplation, inquiry into various and ecological viewpoints, experiential learning, and community engagement.
Leakage-Suppressed Encrypted Keyword Queries Over Multiple Cloud Servers

Searchable encryption is a technique that can support operations on encrypted data directly. However, searchable encryption is still vulnerable to attacks that exploit the leakages from encrypted query results. This article presents an effective multi-server searchable encryption scheme to prevent volume and access pattern leakages. To hide the volume leakage of a keyword, a new index construction is proposed to compress multiple results into one index. To prevent the attacker from observing the access pattern of injected records, the update and search phases are executed in batches, such that the server can only retrieve multiple numbers of fixed volumes. To reduce the co-occurrence leakage, we propose our index distribution algorithm. Both records and queries are dispatched among cloud servers such that the attacker cannot recover the trapdoor values by only observing one cloud server. We use the minimum <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$s-t$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dou-ieq1-3333223.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> cut algorithm to find the optimal assignment strategy that can diminish the query response time and the information disclosure at the same time. We formally analyze the security strengths and conduct evaluations. The experimental results indicate that our designs can strike a good balance between security and efficiency.
Can Ethical Leaders Enhance Knowledge Sharing? The Role of Psychological Capital and Anticipated Reciprocal Relationships

The aim of the paper is to empirically investigate the influence of ethical leadership and psychological capital on knowledge sharing in business organizations. Furthermore, the paper investigates the mediating role of psychological capital and moderating role of anticipated reciprocal relationships in the relationship of ethical leadership with knowledge sharing. The analysis has been conducted on data gathered from 248 members of information technology (IT) companies by making use of survey questionnaire. Hypotheses are tested by analysing the data using structural equation modelling (SEM) and PROCESS macro. The study found that ethical leadership and psychological capital have positive effect on knowledge sharing. Ethical leadership also impacts psychological capital positively. Further, psychological capital acts as a mediator and anticipated reciprocal relationships act as moderator in the relationship of ethical leadership and knowledge sharing. This study establishes new antecedents of knowledge sharing, emphasizes the importance of ethical aspects of leadership in managing knowledge resources and enrich literature of Knowledge Management (KM), leadership, positive organizational behavior and human resources management. It further gives new perspectives to practitioners by recognizing the significance of ethical leadership, psychological capital and anticipated reciprocal relationships to enhance knowledge sharing. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is one of few initial studies to examine the linkages between ethical leadership, knowledge sharing and psychological capital as well as the role of anticipated reciprocal relationships therein.
The dependence between bacterial production and environmental conditions in the Gulf of Gdańsk

Bacterial production Bacterial to primary production ratio Gulf of Gdansk Abstract Bacterial production, primary production and a number of other environmental factors were measured during six cruises in the Gulf of Gdansk conducted in various seasons from 1995 to 2001. Bacterial production (BP) in the epipelagic layer ranged from 1.5% (April) to 80% (July) of the gross primary production (PP). Significant differences were observed between the BP/PP ratios in estuarine and open-water areas. The highest values were recorded in the coastal area and near the mouth of the river Vistula. It suggests that allochthonous organic matter has a great influence on BP. The correlations between particular parameters and regression analyses indicated that BP in the Gulf of Gdansk depended on temperature, organic nitrogen concentration, PP, chlorophylla concentration, organic phosphorus concentration, salinity and biochemical oxygen demand. Of all the independent variables, the temperature had the greatest impact on BP (R 2 = 0.62). There was an inverse parabolic relationship between bacterial production and temperature. It appears that above a temperature of 12 ◦ C bacterial production depended on substrates The complete text of the paper is available at http://www.iopan. gda.pl/oceanologia/
The Role of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) in Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Diseases: Comparison between DIESSE CUBE 30 TOUCH and Alifax Test 1

(1) Background: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is widely diffused in hematology laboratories to monitor inflammatory statuses, response to therapies (such as antibiotics), and oncologic diseases. However, ESR is not a specific diagnostic marker but needs to be contextualized and compared with clinical and other laboratory findings. This study aimed to investigate the performance of two automated instruments, namely the DIESSE CUBE 30 TOUCH (DIESSE, Siena, Italy) and the Alifax Test 1 (Alifax Srl, Polverara, Italy), in comparison with the gold standard, the Westergren method, in lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative patients. (2) Methods: 97 EDTA samples were selected from the hematology department of Roma Tor Vergata Hospital and analyzed. Statistical analysis was applied. (3) A good correlation between CUBE 30 TOUCH and the gold standard was observed in the overall sample (R2 = 0.90), as well as in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (R2 = 0.90) and myeloproliferative diseases (R2 = 0.90). The correlation between Test 1 and the gold standard was observed in the overall sample (R2 = 0.68), as well as in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (R2 = 0.79) and myeloproliferative diseases (R2 = 0.53). (4) Conclusions: The CUBE 30 TOUCH appears to be a more trustworthy tool for evaluating ESR in these pathologies.
DYNAMICS AND CONTROLS OF THE NEAR-SURFACE HEAT ISLAND OF VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Temporal aspects of the urban heat island (UHI) of Vancouver, British Columbia, are demonstrated using differences of screen-level air temperature observed at an urban (downtown) and rural (farmland) site for three years. On an annual basis, the UHI is at its maximum near the middle of the night and its minimum is in mid-afternoon. Growth of the nocturnal UHI is driven by rural cooling rates in the early evening, which are much greater than the almost constant rates in the city. Growth starts earlier in winter. The largest UHI occurs in the fall, and the smallest in the spring. In daytime there is often a “cool island,” especially in summer. There is an approximately inverse square root control of the UHI by wind speed and the effect of cloud type and amount follows the Bolz relation. Combining the two gives a “weather factor” that is linearly related to maximum UHI magnitude. Seasonal variation of the UHI is shown to be inversely related to the thermal admittance of the rural site, which itself is controlled largely by soil moisture status. This is done by calculating a “potential” UHI that is free of weather effects; a value that approximately conforms to that predicted by the SHIM numerical model. Surface wetting caused by recent rain, fog, or melting snow also is found to reduce UHI magnitude. While not quantified, marine advective effects appear to modify the UHI, especially the summer daytime cool island. [Key words: urban heat island (UHI), cooling rates, thermal admittance, Vancouver. ]
LARVAL TRANSPORT AND COASTAL UPWELLING: AN APPLICATION OF HF RADAR IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH

b o x . F O R MANY MARINE FISH and invertebrate species, near-surface currents strongly affect the likelihood of surviving as a planktonic larva and arriving at a suitable location, say, a rocky coastline, a kelp forest, or an estuary, to begin life as a juvenile or adult (i.e., to "recruit" to a population). High-frequency (HF) radar is a recent addition to ecologists' remote sensing toolbox that offers the ability to observe oceanographic processes directly affecting larval ecology at scales appropriate for understanding recruitment dynamics in marine populations. In this article, we report on our application of HF radar in research focusing on larval ecology at coastal upwell ing fronts off central California. Coastal upwell ing regions, such as that of f the western United States, pose an interesting set of ecological questions that can be addressed with data f rom HF radar. During active coastal upwelling, the same currents supplying nutrients that support high productivity put planktonic larvae at risk of being swept offshore and away from coastal habitats. Indeed, some fish and invertebrate populations exhibit reduced recruitment success during periods of increased offshore advect ion (Bailey, 1981; Roughgarden et al., 1988). Coastal upwell ing fronts, which form between cold upwelled water near the coast and warmer, fresher surface waters offshore, may reduce offshore transport of planktonic larvae, thereby facilitating nearshore retention and return of larvae to coastal recruitment sites. To test this hypothesis and to assess the utility of HF radar as an ecological tool, we sampled zooplankton along transects spanning coastal upwelling fronts, monitored recruitment to intertidal barnacle populat ions during the upwelling seasons of 1993 and 1994, and compared our data to coincident HF radar observations. We used radial data obtained from a single SeaSonde HF radar deployed at Granite Canyon, CA
What can keep euro area inflation high?

A central bank that faces inflation above target may fail to bring it down. This article discusses six ways in which this happens because the central bank is dominated by: misjudgment, expectations, fiscal policy, financial markets, recession fears, or external forces. It applies this approach to the challenge facing the ECB in 2023-24. The hope is that the factors identified can serve as warning signs for what to avoid.
Source identification of nitrate by means of isotopic tracers in the Baltic Sea catchments

Abstract. Nitrate input to a river is largely controlled by land use in its catchment. We compared the information carried by the isotopic signatures of nitrate in 12 Baltic rivers, in relation to the vegetation cover, land use, and fertilization of agricultural land of their catchments. We found isotope values in nitrate ranging from −2 to 14‰ for δ15N and 8 to 25‰ for δ18O. The annual variability of riverine nitrate isotope signatures is presented in detail for one Nordic, the Kemijoki, and two southern rivers, the Vistula and Oder. Nordic rivers with relatively pristine vegetation in their catchments show not only low δ15N values and high δ18O-NO3− but also lower annual variability than rivers draining densely populated land. Seasonal signals were found in all the rivers. We used load weighted nitrate isotope data and data from the three major N sources (farmland/sewage, atmospheric deposition and from runoff of pristine soils) to theoretically estimate the shares of nitrate from these sources. The results of an isotope mixing model (IMM-1) agree reasonably well with the same estimates for agricultural land derived from a Global Land Cover (GLC) data base, with a deviation varying from −16% to +26%. The comparison with an emission model (EM) reveals relatively good agreements for intensively used catchments (−18 to +18% deviation). Rather unsatisfactory agreement was found between the IMM-1 and GLC calculations for pristine catchments (−36 to +50% deviation). Advantages and limitations of the tested model are discussed.
Bioavaibility Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Cananga odorata Plant as Anti-Inflammatory Potential Against Crohn’s Disease

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the digestive tract. One of the potential targets for this disease is LRRK2. Kenanga (Cananga odorata) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. The study aims to identify the potential of the secondary metabolite compounds found in C. odorata against LRRK2 in silico. The KnapSack database was used to identify the secondary metabolite compounds of C. odorata, SwissADME was used to find the compound with high bioavailability with the Boiled-EGG method, and PyRx with the AutoDock was used for molecular docking. According to the docking results, three compounds are potentially inhibiting LRRK2, namely (+)-Reticuline with a binding energy of -9.04 kcal/mol and a prediction of inhibition constant (pKi) of 237.71 nM, benzyl benzoate with a binding energy of -8.19 kcal/mol and a prediction of inhibition constant (pKi) of 994.29 nM and benzyl salicylate with a bonding energy of -8.22 kcal/mol and a prediction of inhibition constant (pKi) of 942.48 nM.
High-Throughput Sequencing as a Tool
for Detecting Microbial Communities
in Lake Ecosystem and Its Implications
in Fish Farming in Lake Buluan,
Mindanao, Philippines

Lake Buluan, the third-largest lake in the Philippines, is renowned for its diverse ecosystem, including various endemic fish species and fish pens dedicated to aquaculture. This study focused on analyzing the microbial community diversity in the lake using metabarcoding of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on llumina MiSeq platform. A total of six amplicon libraries were created, representing sites inside and outside fishing pens. After quality control and processing 917,192 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained. The most abundant ASVs belonged to genera such as Cylindrospermopsis, Sphaerospermopsis, Stenotrophomonas, Vibrio, Anabaena, Microcystis, Serratia, Elizabethkingia and some unidentified genera that belong to phyla Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. As assessed by the Shannon index, the microbial community’s alpha diversity was high inside fish pens. In addition, the pH level significantly influences the composition of bacterial communities (BCC), leading to the notable presence of bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes, certain Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria. The analysis revealed an increased abundance of bacteria associated with toxin production, antibiotic