Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Modular Approach to the Automated Testing of Common Data Link Terminals

Common Data Link (CDL) is a communications waveform set for all Department of Defense (DoD) Services to transmit tactical data and intelligence information collected by Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) sensors to surface exploitation equipment. Bandwidth Efficient Common Data Link (BE-CDL) is an enhanced CDL waveform providing users with longer range and higher data rates between various platforms that include surface, airborne, subsurface, and man-portable platforms. The CDL waveform specification has clearly defined network performance metrics a terminal needs to satisfy in order to be compliant, but the government team at Naval Information Warfare Center (NIWC) Pacific has experienced firsthand that current vendors are not sufficiently testing their BE-CDL terminals before delivery to the government, partly because the required testing is time consuming and cost prohibitive for humans to manually perform. This results in CDL terminals not being fully compliant with the CDL specification and additional rework by the vendors, ultimately leading to schedule delays for fleet capability deliveries. This paper discusses a low-cost, automated test capability developed to measure the network performance of BE-CDL terminals as well as to analyze the results according to the waveform specification requirements. It leverages open-source software and inexpensive hardware in order to provide a low-cost test solution. One of the challenges with developing automation software for BE-CDL is that different terminals use different user and control interfaces. Some vendors are choosing not to support the use of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) despite it being a requirement in the BE-CDL specification, and are instead choosing to develop custom control interfaces which are not interoperable between different CDL terminals. It is shown in this paper how the modular design of the automation software allows it to accommodate these different control interfaces, including support for SNMP, thus making it suitable for use with any BE-CDL terminal. This is demonstrated through the use of two different terminals: a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) CDL terminal as well as a low-cost and low-SWaP CDL terminal developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).
The Role of Opto-Electronic Co-Integration for 6G Systems and Networks

Although we don’t know exactly how 6G networks will look like beyond 2030, we may assume that we will most likely communicate using holograms, digital twins, and that the merge of real and virtual reality had happen in an hyper-reality internet. Such new ways of communications will demand large capacity and ultra-low latency with increased demands for quantum safe data transmission and storage. Developing such technologies such as Terahertz frequency, terabit data wireless links, seems a futuristic endeavor. This paper considers the role of photonics in tackling the challenge to realize systems to generate, detect, multiplex and process terabit volumes of data in 6G systems and networks.
Effect of Companding in the Reconstruction of Nonsparse Signals

In this paper, the error of companding quantization is analyzed in the reconstruction of nonsparse (approximately sparse) signals. Compressive sensing (CS) algorithms are used for the reconstruction of these signals from a reduced set of available observations. The standard CS theory assumes that the available and reconstructed samples are represented with unlimited number of bits. However, hardware implementation demands that only a finite number of bits can be used, thereby introducing the quantization effect into the CS framework. The reconstruction based on uniformly quantizatized measurements showed promising results. However, nonuniform quantization introduces additional improvements in the reconstruction performance. Companding is a way to nonuniformly quantize signals. It is based on compression of the signal, quantization, and subsequent expansion of the quantized signal. In this paper, we present a theoretical error characterizing the reconstruction process based on quantized measurements, which is further verified on series of numerical examples.
Condition Monitoring of Frozen Storage for Energy Optimization

High electrical consumption in operating the factory has been a critical source of expense, especially for a frozen food warehouse. Hence, this project is proposing a solution by utilising Industrial IoT and Machine Learning to reduce the use of electricity. A simple prototype has been built by using ESPS266, DHT22 and Raspberry Pi, with the aid of NodeRed and TensorFlow for data collection and machine learning for prediction. The predicted temperature has obtained an accuracy of up to 98.24% for operating frozen food storage. Besides that, the efficiency of energy optimization forthe refrigeration compressor is up to 9 hours with the cost saved up to RM869.62 per year for 1HP.
Thermal evolution of accreting neutron stars

The change in the thermal structure of neutron stars undergoing accretion is computed with a fully general-relativistic evolutionary code. Calculations indicate that initially cold neutron stars are heated up by nuclear burning and/or by the inflow of entropy supplied by the accreted gas; in a relatively short time (< or approx. =10/sup 5/ yr), they achieve an equilibrium configuration wherein the energy gain due to burning and accretio is balanced exactly by the energy loss through photons and neutrinos. At this stage, the thermal state of the core depends strongly on the neutrino emissivity, while the envelope structure is rather indifferent to this emissivity. In the case of models with an assumed pion condensate, the core remains very cool, and a precipitous temperature inversion develops from the envelope toward the center.
Data-Driven Robust Optimization for Energy Chemical Processes under Uncertainties: A Review and Tutorial

In recent years, data-driven robust optimization (DDRO) is becoming a popular and effective paradigm to address the challenging issue of uncertainty in energy chemical processes. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in the field of DDRO, with a primary focus on its methods and applications in process industries. Firstly, a brief introduction to various robust optimization model formulations and solution algorithms is presented. Secondly, research achievements of machine-learning enabled uncertainty sets, the corresponding DDRO, and variant techniques are summarized and analyzed in a systematic manner. Additionally, tutorial-like numerical examples are used to illustrate merits of DDRO compared with conventional robust optimization. Finally, fruitful applications of DDRO in energy chemical processes are encapsulated and categorized from domain perspectives.
Interactive Graph Analytics at Scale in Arkouda

Data from many real-world applications often can be abstracted as graphs. However, the increasing graph size makes it impossible for existing popular exploratory data analysis tools to handle large data sets in the memory of a common laptop/personal computer. Arkouda is a framework under early development that brings together the productivity of Python at the user side with the high-performance of Chapel at the server side. In this work, a succinct double-index data structure is designed to build a static graph and the sketch of a graph stream with much less memory footprint. Two typical graph algorithms, Breadth-First Search (BFS) and triangle counting algorithms, are developed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed graph analytics workflow. Experimental results show that our method can take advantage of distributed resources to handle large graphs. This work provides the large and rapidly growing Python community a powerful way to handle terabyte and beyond graph data using their laptops. All our methods and code have been implemented in Arkouda and are available from GitHub (https://github.com/Bader-Research/arkouda/tree/streaming).
Present Scenario of Fog Computing and Hopes for Future Research

- According to the forecast that billions of devices will get connected to the Internet by 2020. All these devices will produce a huge amount of data that will have to be handled rapidly and in a feasible manner. It will become a challenge for real-time applications to handle this huge data while considering security issues as well as time constraints. The main highlights of cloud computing are on-demand service and scalability; therefore the data generated from IoT devices are generally handled in cloud infrastructure. Though, dealing with IoT application requests on the cloud exclusively is not a proficient result for some IoT applications particularly time-sensitive ones. These issues can be settled by utilizing another idea called, Fog computing. Fog computing has become one of the major fields of research from both academia and industry perspectives. The ongoing research commitments on few issues in fog computing are figuring out in this paper. At long last, this paper also highlights some open issues in fog with IoT, which will determine the future research direction for implementing Fog computing paradigm.
Development of orientation and texture during shearing of liquid-crystalline polymers

Abstract Using polarizing microscopy, we study the development of orientation and texture during slow shearing of liquid-crystalline solutions of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). Shearing of high molecular weight samples that are initially coarsely textured, or are uniformly oriented over regions of 1 mm2, produces a steady state striped texture, for each of three different initial average orientations. The director field in the striped texture is on average aligned parallel to the flow direction, but with misalignment that varies periodically as we move in a direction orthogonal to flow, thus giving the sample a striped appearance under crossed polarizers, with stripes parallel to flow. After the stripes form, they become finer with increased shearing, or with increased shear rate. Along with the birefringent stripes, there are defect lines, parallel to the flow direction with a spacing similar to that of the stripes, i.e. 10 μm or less at steady state. The existence of separate time scales for the developmen.
The Effect of the Hadley Circulation On the Meridional Propagation of Stationary Waves

The effect on the meridional propagation of stationary planetary waves of the inclusion of the zonal mean Hadley circulation in linearized models of the atmosphere is examined. In a forced barotropic vorticity equation model a meridional wind in the basic state enables wave propagation through tropical easterlies in the direction of the wind. This is shown to be consistent with the WKB solution. In a multi-level linearized steady primitive equation model with an idealized meridional circulation tropical forcing can still produce response through easterlies although propagation from one mid-latitude to the other is much less than in the barotropic result. This is explained through WKB and wave-tracing methods for a simplified three-dimensional vorticity equation. the near non-divergence of the unforced tropical motion permits a wave to travel largely within a layer of favourable winds. In a twelve-level model using observed January and July zonal mean conditions the Hadley circulation changes the response to earth topographic forcing mainly in the subtropics. However, tropical heat forcing can now produce a large mid-latitude response, in the winter hemisphere especially. the resulting subtropical jets suggest a mechanism for the maintenance of those observed over Australia during the northern monsoon season and adjacent to the anomalous forcing of the 1983 El Nino.
Limits on thermal plasma in the lobes of the radio galaxies 3C 79 and 3C 379.1

An account is given of dual-frequency VLA polarimetric observations of the radio galaxies 3C 79 and 3C 379.1. The observations show remarkably small Faraday rotation gradients across most or all of both sources. The measured rms difference between the 6 and 20 cm polarization position angles is as low as 2 deg for portions of 3C 379.1. The upper limits to the thermal density are approximately 4 x 10 to the -5 per cubic centimeter for both radio galaxies. 19 references.
X-ray refelection from photoionized media in active galactic nuclei

We calculate the spectrum of X-ray radiation and reprocessed by a partly ionized optically thick medium in an active galactic nucleus. We self-consistently calculate the ionization balance and thermal balance in the medium along with the distribution of X-ray intensity with optical depth. In addition to absorption or scattering of the incident X-rays, we also compute the spectrum of X-rays emitted by the material, including lines, edges, and bremsstrahlung. The albedo of the medium depends primarily on the X-ray ionization parameter (ratio of incident flux to gas density, zeta(sub Chi), and secondarily on the UV flux generated by dissipation inside the disk; we locate the critical range of zeta(sub Chi) over which the albedo increases from small to nearly unity. While the continuum reflection is very weak below 10 keV when zeta(sub Chi) is small, significnat fluxes are emitted in atomic lines and edges in this energy range. In the limit of large zeta(sub Chi), the albedo below 10 keV increases, but reflection in this band is never gray: some photoelectric absorption remains up to rather large values of zeta(sub Chi), while at still higher values, inverse Compton scattering amplifies the soft X-ray flux. These features are sufficiently sharp that current and near-future X-ray experiments should permit diagnostic measures of zeta(sub Chi).
Use of a Real-Time Computer Graphics System in Analysis and Forecasting

Abstract Real-time computer graphics systems are being introduced into weather stations throughout the United States. A sample of student forecasters used such a system to solve specific specialized forecasting problems. Results suggest that for some types of problems, involving timing, their forecasts were better than those made by forecasters who did not have access to the system. Examples are given of the diagnostic use of some of the available analyses.
Closed-Loop Turbulence Control: Progress and Challenges

Closed-loop turbulence control is a critical enabler of aerodynamic drag reduction, lift increase, mixing enhancement, and noise reduction. Current and future applications have epic proportion: cars, trucks, trains, airplanes, wind turbines, medical devices, combustion, chemical reactors, just to name a few. Methods to adaptively adjust open-loop parameters are continually improving toward shorter response times. However, control design for in-time response is challenged by strong nonlinearity, high-dimensionality, and time-delays. Recent advances in the field of model identification and system reduction, coupled with advances in control theory (robust, adaptive, and nonlinear) are driving significant progress in adaptive and in-time closed-loop control of fluid turbulence. In this review, we provide an overview of critical theoretical developments, highlighted by compelling experimental success stories. We also point to challenging open problems and propose potentially disruptive technologies of machine learning and compressive sensing.
Observations and theory of the formation of stable auroral red arcs

A population of protons with energy of some tens of keV, called the ring current, is found near the equatorial region of the magnetosphere at several earth radii. During the main phase of geomagnetic storms the ring current shifts toward lower L values into the region of the plasmapause, which is characterized by steep gradients in the plasma density. This interaction together with an anisotropic pitch angle distribution leads to ring current instability and the growth of ion cyclotron wave turbulence. As wave energy is dissipated in the ambient electron gas by Landau damping, the plasmapause electron temperature is raised to a few electron volts, and a substantial temperature gradient is created with respect to the ionosphere. The energy transferred to the ionosphere by pitch angle scattering in the low collision frequency region and by heat conduction in the collision-dominated regime raises the ionospheric electron temperature to several thousand degrees. Therefore an appreciable number of electrons in the high-energy tail of the Maxwellian distribution, i.e., electrons with energy greater than 2 eV, exist in the F region of the ionosphere at about 400 km, where atomic oxygen is the dominant neutral gas constituent. Two eV is the threshold for excitation of oxygen atoms to the metastable ¹D level, and these O(¹D) atoms emit 6300-A radiation, the signature of stable auroral red (SAR) arcs. Although the energy input rate required to produce electron temperatures sufficient to cause average SAR arcs is less than 0.1 erg cm−2 s−1, the energy radiated in the red line is only about 0.003 erg cm−2 s−1. Thus an SAR arc is an optical manifestation of a slow release of energy from the magnetosphere during a geomagnetic storm. Energetically it is small in comparison with high-latitude auroral processes.
Tapered photoconductive terahertz field probe tip with subwavelength spatial resolution

In this work a photoconductive probe tip applicable for near- and far-field measurements in the terahertz frequency regime is demonstrated as a powerful alternative to existing terahertz scanning near-field optical microscopy approaches. The probe tip is based on a triangular-shaped patch of freestanding low-temperature-grown GaAs of only 1.3 μm thickness with a pair of tapered metallic wires on top. Using nonresonant electric field enhancement at the tip of the probing device, 10 μm wide metallic structures are spatially resolved and a bandwidth of 2 THz is demonstrated.
Experimental study on macroscopic contact line behaviors during bubble formation on submerged orifice and comparison with numerical simulations

The formation of bubbles on an orifice plate involves a moving contact line, especially in case of poor wetting conditions. The dynamics of the moving contact line and contact angle have a significant impact on the bubble departure size. This work presents visualization and numerical simulations on gas bubble formation on submerged orifices of different wettabilities and diameters. The transient bubble shape (image), departure diameter, contact line diameter, apparent contact angle, neck diameter, and neck height are obtained under various conditions. Under certain wetting and flow conditions, the relationship between moving contact line and apparent contact angle can be relatively well defined. However, this relationship cannot be generalized for other conditions. Two kinds of contact line models have been re-evaluated against experiments, one is a contact line velocity dependent model (Model-A) and the other is a stick-slip model (Model-B). Numerical simulations were performed using Model-B and the resu.
Electrical characterization of back-gated bi-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors and the effect of ambient on their performances

Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 are promising channel materials for transistor scaling. Here, we report the performance and environmental effects on back-gated bi-layer MoS2field-effect transistors. The devices exhibit Ohmic contacts with titanium at room temperature, on/off ratio higher than 107, and current saturation. Furthermore, we show that the devices are sensitive to oxygen and water in the ambient. Exposure to ambient dramatically reduces the on-state current by up to 2 orders of magnitude likely due to additional scattering centers from chemisorption on the defect sites of MoS2. We demonstrate that vacuum annealing can effectively remove the absorbates and reversibly recover the device performances. This method significantly reduces the large variations in MoS2 device caused by extrinsic factors.
Development of Bi-2212/Ag round-shaped wire and magnet application

Recent achievements in the newly-developed Bi-2212/Ag round-shaped wire with tape-shaped multifilaments are summarized. The new round-shaped wire includes 126-1320 tape-shaped filaments with triple rotation symmetry, having a good crystal alignment of Bi-2212 in each filament. We refer to the new wire as ROSATwire , (ROtation-Symmetric Arranged Tape-in-tube wire). The ROSATwire fabrication process markedly improved productivity and lowered the cost, and also improved the transport Jc of the wire. The Ic and Jc reached values greater than 340 A and 1000 A mm-2 , respectively, at 28 T and 4 K. Insulated wires of over 400 m length, 2 mm in diameter, are now available and ready for magnet winding. Several solenoid magnets with a 130-160 mm outer diameter and 100-600 mm height are now under fabrication.
Dancing droplets: Autonomous surface tension-driven droplet motion

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Dancing droplets: Autonomous surface tension-driven droplet motion Nate J. Cira, Adrien Benusiglio, Manu Prakash
Global structure of the inflationary universe

I describe the quantum creation of black holes in de Sitter space. A single topology change can lead to the formation of multiple black holes and the eventual disconnection of large spacelike sections. Applied to cosmology, this process leads to the production of a large or infinite number of universes in most models of inflation and yields a new picture of global structure.
Polynomial factorization algorithms for adaptive root estimation

The authors present two new polynomial factorization algorithms suitable for use in adaptive signal processing applications where it is required to track the movements of roots. Their distinguishing feature is that they provide methods for updating the roots optimally (and efficiently) in response to coefficient perturbations. This is useful, for example, for online estimation and tracking of time-varying roots. A Gauss-Newton type algorithm that requires approximately 2n/sup 2/ floating-point operations to update all roots of an nth-order polynomial is presented. An eigenvalue-based method that requires approximately 6n floating-point operations per individual root update is also proposed. Close to the true root vector, the rate of convergence of both algorithms is quadratic or faster. Unlike available direct pole estimation algorithms, the methods proposed here are not restricted to estimation of the roots of ARMA (autoregressive moving average)-like processes, but can be used in any situation where online estimates of polynomial coefficients are available. <<ETX>>