Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Increases in Compound Flood‐Hot Extreme Hazards Under Climate Warming

Under global warming, a novel category of extreme events has become increasingly apparent, where flood and hot extremes occur in rapid succession, causing significant damages to infrastructure and ecosystems. However, these bivariate compound flood‐hot extreme (CFH) hazards have not been comprehensively examined at the global scale, and their evolution under climate warming remains unstudied. Here, we present the first global picture of projected changes in CFH hazards by using a cascade modeling chain of CMIP6 models, satellite and reanalysis data sets, bias correction, and hydrological models. We find an increasing percentage of floods will be accompanied by hot extremes under climate change; the joint return periods of CFHs are projected to decrease globally, particularly in the tropics. These decreasing joint return periods are largely driven by changes in hot extremes and indicate a likely increase of CFH hazards, and ultimately highlight the urgent need to conduct adaptation planning for future risks.
Prolonging Coal's Sunset: The Causes and Consequences of Local Protectionism for a Declining Polluting Industry

In recent years, the share of U.S electricity generated by coal has fallen from nearly 50% to 33%. The costs of this transition are spatially concentrated, and mining states have already lost income due to the reduced demand for coal. Coal states have enacted policies to encourage local power plants to purchase from within state mines. We document that power plants in states and counties with substantial mining activity are more likely to be coal fired and to purchase more within political boundary coal. These results are robust to including flexible controls for the distance from power plants to mines. While coal states benefits from local protectionism, these efforts impose social costs because coal mining and coal burning creates significant environmental consequences. We quantify these effects and find that a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of coal plants in a NERC region with an in-state coal mine results in approximately 2.3 million additional annual tons of CO2 emissions.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Clinical Myelopathy Signs in Smartphone-Using University Students with Neck Pain

University students have the highest smartphone-use addiction, which coincides with a rising number in instances of neck pain. As the time in smartphone use increases, neck flexion tends to increase. These positions can affect the spinal cord by the direct and indirect mechanisms which lead to cervical myelopathy. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of clinical myelopathic signs in smartphone-using university students with neck pain. A total of 237 smartphone-using university students with neck pain participated in the study. They were 20 to 25 years old. Their clinical myelopathic signs were evaluated using standardized test procedures. The prevalence of the clinical myelopathic sign was the Trömner sign at 41.35%, the finger escape sign at 28.27%, Hoffmann’s sign at 25.74%, and the inverted supinator sign at 18.14%. Smartphone usage ≥9.15 h per day was associated with ≥1 of a positive clinical myelopathic sign (adjusted OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.26, p = 0.05). The current study highlighted that prolonged smartphone usage may affect the spinal cord. Long duration (≥9 h per day) was associated with at least one positive clinical myelopathic sign. Therefore, smartphone-using university students need to keep their duration of smartphone use to less than 9 h per day. More attention should be given to increasing awareness about the importance of having healthy positions when using smartphones and using them for restricted durations in order to control the increasing prevalence of cervical myelopathy among smartphone-using university student in our societies.
A Low Profile Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Pattern Diversity

This paper presents a low profile circularly polarized antenna which use an antiphase and in-phase hybrid feed network to realize its pattern diversity property. The antenna contains two square ring patches as radiators that are excited by two coupling slots on the ground, when the two radiators are excited by two antiphase signals, the antenna realizes its broadside pattern mode, when the two radiators are excited by two in-phase signals, the antenna can radiate dual beam. Thus, we use a hybrid feed network to produce two antiphase signals or two in-phase signals, the thickness of the antenna is only 0. 045λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength of the center frequency). Besides, a perturbation is introduced by the radiator to achieve circularly polarized radiation. The simulation results show the coincident operating bandwidth $(\vert \mathrm{S}_{11}\vert < 10\text{dB}$ and AR<3dB) is 1.7% (3.52-3.58GHz).
TRANSACTION COST AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROJECTS IN CHINA: CASE STUDY OF CHICHENG COUNTY, HEBEI PROVINCE

Since the beginning of the 21 th century, China has implemented a large-scale ecological restoration policy. Evaluating the performance of this policy after implementation is an important topic. In this paper, transaction cost analysis is introduced into the performance evaluation of ecological restoration projects. The transaction costs are divided into five parts, including costs related to search, contracting, construction and operating, monitoring the cost of default, and seeking compensation. The model used for calculating transaction costs is provided. The concept and composition index of structure and performance indices are analyzed. The calculation model of the structure and performance indices is developed as the weighted sum of three indicators: endogenous transaction costs as a part of transaction costs, the proportion of farmers’ input in production costs, and the proportion of transaction costs in total costs. Chicheng County, Hebei Province, China was studied as an example. The transaction costs of three categories of projects that have been implemented were calculated, including Returning Farmland to Forest, Small Watershed Management, and Grazing Prohibition, and the average performance of the projects and the change of performance during project execution were analyzed. Transaction cost and performance calculation will provide a new perspective for the comparison and performance evaluation of different ecological restoration projects, which is of great significance.
Metastatic Voyage of Ovarian Cancer Cells in Ascites with the Assistance of Various Cellular Components

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and has a unique metastatic route using ascites, known as the transcoelomic root. However, studies on ascites and contained cellular components have not yet been sufficiently clarified. In this review, we focus on the significance of accumulating ascites, contained EOC cells in the form of spheroids, and interaction with non-malignant host cells. To become resistant against anoikis, EOC cells form spheroids in ascites, where epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stimulated by transforming growth factor-β can be a key pathway. As spheroids form, EOC cells are also gaining the ability to attach and invade the peritoneum to induce intraperitoneal metastasis, as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that EOC spheroids in ascites are composed of not only cancer cells, but also non-malignant cells existing with higher abundance than EOC cells in ascites, including macrophages, mesothelial cells, and lymphocytes. Moreover, hetero-cellular spheroids are demonstrated to form more aggregated spheroids and have higher adhesion ability for the mesothelial layer. To improve the poor prognosis, we need to elucidate the mechanisms of spheroid formation and interactions with non-malignant cells in ascites that are a unique tumor microenvironment for EOC.
Distributed recursive fault estimation with binary encoding schemes over sensor networks

In this paper, we investigate the distributed recursive fault estimation problem for a class of discrete time-varying systems with binary encoding schemes over a sensor network. The fault signal with zero second-order difference is taken into account to reflect the sensor failures. Since the communication bandwidth in practice is constrained, the binary encoding schemes are exploited to regulate the signal transmission from the neighbouring sensors to the local fault estimator. In addition, due to the influence of channel noises, each bit might change with a small crossover probability. In the presence of sensor faults and bit errors, an upper bound for the estimation error covariance matrix is ensured and minimized at each time step via designing the gain matrices of the estimator. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by a simulation.
ZnO on nickel RF micromechanical resonators for monolithic wireless communication applications

On-chip integrability of high-Q RF passives alongside CMOS transistors is crucial for the implementation of monolithic radio transceivers. One of the most significant bottlenecks in back-end-of-line (BEoL) integration of MEMS devices on CMOS processed wafers is their relatively low thermal budget, which is less than that required for typical MEMS material deposition processes. This paper investigates electroplated nickel as a structural material for piezoelectrically-transduced resonators to demonstrate ZnO-on-nickel resonators with a CMOS-compatible low temperature process for the first time. Aside from the obvious manufacturing cost benefit, electroplated nickel is a reasonable substitute for polycrystalline or single crystal silicon and thin-film microcrystalline diamond device layers, while realizing decent acoustic velocity and moderate Q. Electroplated nickel has been already adopted by MEMSCAP, a multi-user MEMS process foundry, in its MetalMUMPs process. Furthermore, it is observed that a localized annealing process through Joule heating can be exploited to significantly improve the effective mechanical quality factor for the ZnO-on-nickel resonators, which is still lower than the reported AlN resonators. This work demonstrates ZnO-on-nickel piezoelectrically-actuated MEMS resonators and resonator arrays by using an IC compatible low temperature process. There is room for performance improvement by lowering the acoustic energy losses in the ZnO and nickel layers.
Analysis and improvement on primary frequency regulation control system of hydro generator units

This paper presents a thorough analysis on the dynamic and static characteristics of the primary frequency regulation control system of hydro generator units.The analysis shows the problems of the control system at the power closed-loop mode,and thus a control scheme of open-loop mode is put forward.By introducing the opening→power nonlinear feedback into the control system,this new scheme shows a fast response to the grid frequency similar to the other opening controls,while it can reach a control accuracy of units aim-power comparable to the power closed-loop control.
Effectiveness of visual communication and collaboration tools for online GIS teaching: using Padlet and Conceptboard

ABSTRACT Geographic information systems (GIS) have become more suitable for online delivery. But teaching GIS online is challenging because, without enough interactions with the instructor or among themselves, students may not understand processes, use critical thinking, and collaborate effectively on a team project. This study aims to evaluate two online visual collaboration tools, Padlet and Conceptboard, in enhancing learner engagement, collaboration, and visual communication in an online GIS course. We analyze 1) usage patterns and their relationship with student performance, 2) students’ opinions on the added values of the tools compared with face-to-face delivery, and 3) students’ qualitative feedback. Student findings show that those tools, particularly Conceptboard, help students get timely help from other students and the instructors, be motivated by participating in discussions and seeing others’ progress, organize and brainstorm project ideas, and summarize and present the final products. The combination of Conceptboard and an online video conference tool is a particularly effective alternative to the face-to-face learning environment. On the other hand, we also found significant challenges with remote teamwork in GIS. The course design incorporating online collaboration tools can provide practical strategies to instructors who teach GIS or similar software online.
Load Balancing and Parallel Computation Model for Performance and Accuracy over the Cluster of Nodes

Cloud Computing can be online based network engineering which contributed with a rapid advancement at the progress of communication technological innovation by supplying assistance to clients of assorted conditions with aid from online computing sources. It's terms of hardware and software apps together side software growth testing and platforms applications because tools. Large-scale heterogeneous distributed computing surroundings give the assurance of usage of a huge quantity of computing tools in a comparatively low price. As a way to lessen the software development and setup onto such complicated surroundings, high speed parallel programming languages exist which have to be encouraged by complex operating techniques. There are numerous advantages for consumers in terms of cost and flexibility that come with Cloud computing's anticipated uptake. Building on well-established research in Internet solutions, networks and utility computing, virtualization et cetera Service-Oriented Architectures and the Internet of Services (IoS) have implications for a wide range of technological issues such as parallel computing and load balancing as well as high availability and scalability. Effective load balancing methods are essential to solving these issues. Since such systems' size and complexity make it impossible to concentrate job execution on a few select servers, a parallel distributed solution is required. Adaptive task load model is the name of the method wesuggest in our article for balancing the workload (ATLM). We developed an adaptive parallel distributed computing paradigm as a result of this (ADPM). While still maintaining the model's integrity, ADPM employs a more flexible synchronization approach to cut down on the amount of time synchronous operations use. As well as the ATLM load balancing technique, which solves the straggler issue caused by the performance disparity between nodes, ADPM also applies it to ensure model correctness. The results indicate that combining ADPM and ATLM improves training efficiency without compromising model correctness.
Arctic Ocean Water Mass Structure and Circulation

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world oceans, yet one whose currents and water masses extend globally. It is an advection-dominated ocean in that currents import distinct waters from both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific that interact and layer vertically by density. Further modified by river inputs and the freezing and melting of sea ice, the Arctic Ocean exports modified waters back into the North Atlantic, thus impacting the global thermohaline circulation. This physical system forms the backdrop for almost all chemical, biological, and geological processes within the Arctic Ocean, all of which are expected to change in a warming Earth. To anticipate the effects of such changes in external and advective forcing, it is necessary to understand how they interact and are manifested in the observed hydrographic structures. The aim of this review is thus to present and discuss the processes responsible for these structures.
Re-Envisioning the Competency to Stand Trial Evaluation and Report Based on Ethical, Legal, Data Integrity, and User-Friendliness Considerations

ABSTRACT The format and content of competency to stand trial reports are influenced by traditional practices of psychological assessment and report writing that are outmoded for forensic practice. Many such reports include irrelevant, prejudicial information that unnecessary invades the privacy of the examinee, in violation of APA ethical guideline 4.04, and may also contain much data that are unreliable and prejudicial. Traditional report formats are organized around the psychologist’s concerns and topic areas rather than what is most useful to the trier of fact and parties. This article discusses these issues and offers a rationale for radically revising the standard competency to stand trial (CST) report template to make it more focused and objective for readers, more ethically compliant, and with less prejudicial information that may compromise the objectivity of the trier of fact. It also substantially reduces the amount of time required of report-writing.
Providing personnel for enterprises of high-tech industries of the Russian Federation in the field of artificial intelligence

The concept of artificial intelligence from the point of view of regulatory documents is revealed, the main areas of development of this technology are given. The current needs of the industry in highly qualified personnel in the field of artificial intelligence are considered. Technical problems are presented that can be solved with the help of artificial intelligence systems, in particular, with the use of computer vision. A generalized structure of a control system for a moving object using artificial intelligence technologies and a conditional diagram of data processing processes are given on the example of a mobile system that moves along a given trajectory. The main approaches to the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of artificial intelligence systems in leading Russian and foreign universities, as well as in the framework of specialized educational courses, are given. The connection of training in the field of artificial intelligence systems with other applied disciplines is established.
Assertive Vision Using Deep Learning and LSTM

Image captioning is an elemental which needs correct understanding of images and also the ability of generating description sentences with proper and proper structure. The captioning of an image must identify the objects within the image, their actions, and their relationships, in addition as any silent features that will be absent from the image. This has been a challenging task within the field of computing throughout the years. Using any tongue sentences to automatically create a picture description may be a difficult issue. This paper explores the numerous picture captioning models that are available. Within the past few years, the matter of generating descriptive sentences automatically for images has garnered a rising interest in tongue processing and computer vision research. The LSTM units are intricate and naturally sequential in nature. Our model can study long-time period visual-language interactions the usage of ancient and information about the future in a high-level semantic domain via combining two different LSTM networks and a deep CNN. We used two publicly available datasets to demonstrate the utility of this strategy: Flickr8k and Flickr30k. Flickers has an API that may be used for image collections. We will use the APIs to search out images and explore for them by tag as an example, you'll search images for common day items/places and buildings like burger, temple, etc. We provide multiple approaches to picture captioning supported deep learning similarly as distinct evaluation strategies during this survey work. Since present deep learning may be a black-box model, it's critical to look at the impact on each module to completely comprehend the model.
generalized approach of convolutional and pooling layer in image processing using wavelet CNN

Spatial and spectral approaches area unit two major approaches for image processing tasks like and beholding. Among several such algorithms, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved signiﬁcant performance improvement in several difficult tasks. CNNs enable the nation to utilize spectral data that is usually lost in typical CNNs however helpful in most image processing tasks. We tend to evaluate the sensitivity performance of Wavelet CNNs on texture classiﬁcation and image annotation. The experiments show that Wavelet CNNs can do higher accuracy in each task than existing models, whereas having signiﬁcantly fewer parameters than typical CNNs.
Alteration of River Flow and Flood Dynamics by Existing and Planned Hydropower Dams in the Amazon River Basin

Hydropower dams have received increased global attention due to their detrimental socioenvironmental ramifications. Such attention has led to an increase in studies on the impacts of reservoir operation on river flow; however, a holistic understanding of the compounded effects of hydropower dams on different hydrological characteristics is lacking, especially for large river basins such as the Amazon where hydropower development is on the rise. Here, we mechanistically quantify the historical impacts of existing dams and the potential impacts of the collective operation of existing and planned dams on a basin‐wide scale in the Amazon for the 1981–2019 period. We build on the recently developed high‐resolution (3‐arcmin; ∼5 km) river‐floodplain‐reservoir model, the CaMa‐Flood‐Dam, which is enhanced to realistically simulate hydropower dam operation considering maximized power production. Flood simulations are further downscaled to 3 arc‐seconds (∼90 m) resolution to investigate the impacts of dams on fine‐scale flood dynamics across the basin. Results indicate that existing dams have substantially altered downstream river flow and flooding patterns across the Amazon River basin. Specifically, large dams in the Amazonian subbasins, including the Xingu, Madeira, and Tocantins, have altered downstream river flow amplitude by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Further, the collective operation of existing and planned dams could increasingly alter river flow patterns, causing ∼10% decrease in flood duration in many parts of the Amazon mainstem. Our results provide quantitative evidence on the severity of the hydrologic impacts of large hydropower dams and have important implications for sustainable hydropower operation and development in the Amazon and worldwide.
A Novel Folded Dipoles Circularly Polarized Quasi-Yagi Antenna

A novel planar folded dipoles quasi-Yagi antenna with a good function is proposed. It is based on a simple structure of two pairs of folded dipoles, planar magnetic walls, two mental via-holes, and a director. The working principle of the antenna is studied and analyzed. The magnetic walls are combined with folded dipoles to form a circularly polarized beam. By simulation and optimization, The impedance bandwidth (|S11|≤ - 10 dB) of about 4.8% (5.65-5.93 GHz) and a 3 dB AR bandwidth of about 13.3% (5.28-6.03 GHz) around the center frequency of 5.8 GHz is achieved, which indicates that the proposed antenna is suitable for the RFID system.