Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZING THE STAR FORMATION OF THE LOW-MASS SHIELD GALAXIES FROM HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING

The Survey of Hi in Extremely Low-mass Dwarfs is an on-going multi-wavelength program to characterize the gas, star formation, and evolution in gas-rich, very low-mass galaxies that populate the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. The galaxies were selected from the first ∼10% of the Hi Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey based on their low Hi mass and low baryonic mass. Here, we measure the star formation properties from optically resolved stellar populations for 12 galaxies using a color–magnitude diagram fitting technique. We derive lifetime average star formation rates (SFRs), recent SFRs, stellar masses, and gas fractions. Overall, the recent SFRs are comparable to the lifetime SFRs with mean birthrate parameter of 1.4, with a surprisingly narrow standard deviation of 0.7. Two galaxies are classified as dwarf transition galaxies (dTrans). These dTrans systems have star formation and gas properties consistent with the rest of the sample, in agreement with previous results that some dTrans galaxies may simply be low-luminosity dwarf irregulars. We do not find a correlation between the recent star formation activity and the distance to the nearest neighboring galaxy, suggesting that the star formation process is not driven by gravitational interactions, but regulated internally. Further, we find a broadening in the star formation and gas properties (i.e., specific SFRs, stellar masses, and gas fractions) compared to the generally tight correlation found in more massive galaxies. Overall, the star formation and gas properties indicate these very low-mass galaxies host a fluctuating, non-deterministic, and inefficient star formation process.
Membranes with topological charge and AdS 4 /CFT 3 correspondence

If the second Betti number b 2 of a Sasaki-Einstein manifold Y 7 does not vanish, then M-theory on AdS 4 X Y 7 possesses "topological" U(1) b2 gauge symmetry. The corresponding Abelian gauge fields come from three-form fluctuations with one index in AdS 4 and the other two in Y 7 . We find black membrane solutions carrying one of these U(1) charges. In the zero-temperature limit, our solutions interpolate between AdS 4 X Y 7 in the UV and AdS 2 × ℝ 2 × squashed Y 7 in the IR. In fact, the AdS 2 × ℝ 2 × squashed Y 7 background is by itself a solution of the supergravity equations of motion. These solutions do not appear to preserve any supersymmetry. We search for their possible instabilities and do not find any. We also discuss the meaning of our charged membrane backgrounds in a dual quiver Chern-Simons gauge theory with a global U(1) charge density. Finally, we present a simple analytic solution which has the same IR but different UV behavior. We reduce this solution to type IIA string theory, and perform T-duality to type IIB. The type IIB metric turns out to be a product of the squashed Y 7 and the extremal Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole. We discuss an interpretation of this type IIB background in terms of the (1 + 1)-dimensional conformal field theory on D3-branes partially wrapped over the squashed Y 7 .
Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna Using Low-Profile Electric and Magnetic Radiators

A compact antenna based on low-profile radiator pairs with high pattern reconfiguration diversity is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists of four hybrid radiator pairs and a reconfigurable feeding network. By switching the on/off states of four positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes, which are integrated into the reconfigurable network, the activation states of the four radiator pairs can be separately controlled. Each pair employs one low-profile electric radiator (monopole) and one low-profile magnetic radiator for stable directional radiation and structural compactness. As a result, the radiation beam can be electrically and directionally scanned in the horizontal plane (ϕ-plane). Eight different radiation modes can be obtained within an overlapped bandwidth. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Good impedance matching and stable directional radiation patterns are achieved over the entire operating band from 3.4 to 3.70 GHz in the measurement. The fabricated antenna features a compact size of 0.46 λg × 0.46 λg × 0.13 λg (λg represents the guided wavelength at 3.5 GHz). The proposed antenna is well-suitable for space-limited Sub-6 GHz smart and intelligent applications.
Witnessing the transformation of a quasar host galaxy at z = 1.6

A significant minority of high redshift radio galaxy (HzRG) candidates show extremely red broad band colours and remain undetected in emission lines after optical `discovery' spectroscopy. In this paper we present deep GTC optical imaging and spectroscopy of one such radio galaxy, 5C 7.245, with the aim of better understanding the nature of these enigmatic objects. Our g-band image shows no significant emission coincident with the stellar emission of the host galaxy, but does reveal faint emission offset by ~3" (26 kpc) therefrom along a similar position angle to that of the radio jets, reminiscent of the `alignment effect' often seen in the optically luminous HzRGs. This offset g-band source is also detected in several UV emission lines, giving it a redshift of 1.609, with emission line flux ratios inconsistent with photoionization by young stars or an AGN, but consistent with ionization by fast shocks. Based on its unusual gas geometry, we argue that in 5C 7.245 we are witnessing a rare (or rarely observed) phase in the evolution of quasar hosts when stellar mass assembly, accretion onto the back hole, and powerful feedback activity has eradicated its cold gas from the central ~20 kpc, but is still in the process of cleansing cold gas from its extended halo.
Two-dimensional random walk in a bounded domain

In a recent letter Ciftci and Cakmak (EPL, 87 (2009) 60003) showed that the two-dimensional random walk in a bounded domain, where walkers which cross the boundary return to a base curve near the origin with deterministic rules, can produce regular patterns. Our numerical calculations suggest that the cumulative probability distribution function of the returning walkers along the base curve is a Devil's staircase, which can be explained from the mapping of these walks to a non-linear stochastic map. The non-trivial probability distribution function (PDF) is a universal feature of CCRW characterized by the fractal dimension d=1.75(0) of the curve which bounds this distribution.
New Classification Method for Independent Data Sources Using Pawlak Conflict Model and Decision Trees

The research concerns data collected in independent sets—more specifically, in local decision tables. A possible approach to managing these data is to build local classifiers based on each table individually. In the literature, many approaches toward combining the final prediction results of independent classifiers can be found, but insufficient efforts have been made on the study of tables’ cooperation and coalitions’ formation. The importance of such an approach was expected on two levels. First, the impact on the quality of classification—the ability to build combined classifiers for coalitions of tables should allow for the learning of more generalized concepts. In turn, this should have an impact on the quality of classification of new objects. Second, combining tables into coalitions will result in reduced computational complexity—a reduced number of classifiers will be built. The paper proposes a new method for creating coalitions of local tables and generating an aggregated classifier for each coalition. Coalitions are generated by determining certain characteristics of attribute values occurring in local tables and applying the Pawlak conflict analysis model. In the study, the classification and regression trees with Gini index are built based on the aggregated table for one coalition. The system bears a hierarchical structure, as in the next stage the decisions generated by the classifiers for coalitions are aggregated using majority voting. The classification quality of the proposed system was compared with an approach that does not use local data cooperation and coalition creation. The structure of the system is parallel and decision trees are built independently for local tables. In the paper, it was shown that the proposed approach provides a significant improvement in classification quality and execution time. The Wilcoxon test confirmed that differences in accuracy rate of the results obtained for the proposed method and results obtained without coalitions are significant, with a p level = 0.005. The average accuracy rate values obtained for the proposed approach and the approach without coalitions are, respectively: 0.847 and 0.812; so the difference is quite large. Moreover, the algorithm implementing the proposed approach performed up to 21-times faster than the algorithm implementing the approach without using coalitions.
SUZAKU X-RAY SPECTRA AND PULSE PROFILE VARIATIONS DURING THE SUPERORBITAL CYCLE OF LMC X-4

We present results from spectral and temporal analyses of Suzaku and RXTE observations of the high-mass X-ray binary LMC X-4. Using the full 13 years of available RXTE/all-sky monitor data, we apply the ANOVA and Lomb Normalized Periodogram methods to obtain an improved superorbital period measurement of 30.32 ± 0.04 days. The phase-averaged X-ray spectra from Suzaku observations during the high state of the superorbital period can be modeled in the 0.6–50 keV band as the combination of a power law with Γ ∼ 0.6 and a high-energy cutoff at ∼25 keV, a blackbody with kTBB ∼ 0.18 keV, and emission lines from Fe Kα, O viii, and Ne ix (x Lyα). Assuming a distance of 50 kpc, the source has luminosity LX ∼ 3 × 1038 erg s−1 in the 2–50 keV band, and the luminosity of the soft (blackbody) component is LBB ∼ 1.5 × 1037 erg s−1. The energy-resolved pulse profiles show single-peaked soft (0.5–1 keV) and hard (6–10 keV) pulses but a more complex pattern of medium (2–10 keV) pulses; cross-correlation of the hard with the soft pulses shows a phase shift that varies between observations. We interpret these results in terms of a picture in which a precessing disk reprocesses the hard X-rays and produces the observed soft spectral component, as has been suggested for the similar sources Her X-1 and SMC X-1.
57 CD8+FoxP3+ cells represent early, effector T-cells and predict outcomes in patients with resectable non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) receiving neoadjuvant anti-PD-1-based therapy

tumor specimens from the first-in-human clinical trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) +/- anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) in NSCLC (NCT02259621) 1,3 were stained with a 6-marker multiplex immunofluorescence mIF panel (PD-1, PD-L1, CD8, CD163, FoxP3, and cytokeratin). Eight specimens were from determined scRNAseq analy-ses NSCLC
Thermal conduction in a mirror-unstable plasma

The plasma of galaxy clusters is subject to firehose and mirror instabilities at scales of order the ion Larmor radius. The mirror instability generates fluctuations of magnetic-field strength δB/B∼1. These fluctuations act as magnetic traps for the heat-conducting electrons, suppressing their transport. We calculate the effective parallel thermal conductivity in the ICM in the presence of the mirror fluctuations for different stages of the evolution of the instability. The mirror fluctuations are limited in amplitude by the maximum and minimum values of the field strength, with no large deviations from the mean value. This key property leads to a finite suppression of thermal conduction at large scales. We find suppression down to ≈0.2 of the Spitzer value for the secular phase of the perturbations’ growth, and ≈0.3 for their saturated phase. The effect operates in addition to other suppression mechanisms and independently of them. Globally, fluctuations δB/B∼1 can be present on much larger scales, of the order of the scale of turbulent motions. However, we do not expect large suppression of thermal conduction by these, because their scale is considerably larger than the collisional mean free path of the ICM electrons. The obtained suppression of thermal conduction by a factor of ∼5 appears to be characteristic and potentially universal for a weakly collisional mirror-unstable plasma.
Combined Targeting of Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Elicits Synergistic Antitumor Effects

Simple Summary Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are often diagnosed when advanced or metastatic, and at this stage curative surgery in no longer an option. Given that available treatments for advanced disease have shown limited efficacy, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this scenario, we selected two drugs, inhibiting pathways known to be activated in PanNETs, and evaluated their efficacy in various preclinical tumor models. We chose a PI3K inhibitor (buparlisib) and a CDK4/6 inhibitor (ribociclib). We first tested these drugs, alone or in combination, on established cell lines representing distinct PanNET differentiation states. The combination buparlisib plus ribociclib reduced the proliferation of the cell lines more effectively than the single drugs. Inhibition of downstream target genes and/or proteins explained the drugs’ anti-proliferative activity. Buparlisib, but not ribociclib, promoted cell death. We then demonstrated that the combination treatment with buparlisib and ribociclib inhibits the viability of primary islets from a genetic animal model of PanNETs (Men1-deficient mice), without significantly affecting viability and function of primary islets from wild-type mice. Noteworthy, treatment of primary patient-derived PanNET cultures supported the efficacy of the combination treatment. Our findings indicate that the combined inhibition of PI3K and CDK4/6 pathways is a potentially effective therapeutic option for PanNETs. Abstract Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are the second most common malignancy of the pancreas. Surgery remains the only curative treatment for localized disease. For patients with inoperable advanced or metastatic disease, few targeted therapies are available, but their efficacy is unpredictable and variable. Exploiting prior knowledge on pathogenetic processes involved in PanNEN tumorigenesis, we tested buparlisib (PI3K inhibitor) and ribociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor), as single agents or in combination, in different preclinical models. First, we used cell lines representative of well-differentiated (INS-1E, NT-3) and poorly differentiated (BON-1) PanNENs. The combination of buparlisib with ribociclib reduced the proliferation of 2D and 3D spheroid cultures more potently than the individual drugs. Buparlisib, but not ribociclib, induced apoptosis. The anti-proliferative activity of the drugs correlated with downstream target inhibition at mRNA and protein levels. We then tested the drugs on primary islet microtissues from a genetic PanNET animal model (Men1-defective mice) and from wild-type mice: the drug combination was effective against the former without altering islet cell physiology. Finally, we treated PanNET patient-derived islet-like 3D tumoroids: the combination of buparlisib with ribociclib was effective in three out of four samples. Combined targeting of PI3K and CDK4/6 is a promising strategy for PanNENs spanning various molecular and histo-pathological features.
Cascading gravity and degravitation

We construct a cascading brane model of gravity in which the behavior of the gravitational force law interpolates from (n+4)-dimensional to (n+3)-dimensional all the way down to 4-dimensional from longer to shorter length scales. We show that, at the linearized level, this model exhibits the features necessary for degravitation of the cosmological constant. The model is shown to be ghost free with the addition of suitable brane kinetic operators, and we demonstrate this using a number of independent procedures. Consequently this is a consistent infrared (IR) modification of gravity, providing a promising framework for a dynamical, degravitating solution of the cosmological constant problem.
Universality class of a displacive structural phase transition in two dimensions

The displacive structural phase transition in a two-dimensional model solid due to Benassi and co-workers [PRL 106, 256102 (2011)] is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling. The model is shown to be a member of the two-dimensional six-state clock model universality class. Consequently, the model features two phase transitions, implying the existence of three thermodynamically distinct phases, namely, a low-temperature phase with long-ranged order, an intermediate critical phase with power-law decay of correlations, and a high-temperature phase with short-ranged order.
Implementing Diversity Training Targeting Faculty Microaggressions and Inclusion: Practical Insights and Initial Findings

Despite the importance of faculty diversity training for advancing an inclusive society, little research examines whether participation improves inclusion perceptions and belongingness. Integrating training and diversity education literature concepts, this study examines the effectiveness of training targeting microaggressions in six STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) oriented departments at a research-intensive university. Reactions data collected at the end of face-to-face training suggested that participation generally increased inclusion understanding. Self-assessments on inclusion concepts collected from 45% of participants before and three weeks after training suggest participation increases perceptions of the importance of inclusion, microaggression allyship awareness, inclusive behaviors, and organizational identification. Compared to white men, women and minorities reported a greater increase in satisfaction with their department affiliation. While self-assessment results are exploratory and have limitations, analysis suggests that diversity training may enhance knowledge of microaggressions, allyship, inclusive behaviors, and belongingness perceptions. We provide insights for evaluating and implementing diversity training interventions.
Influence of the iron spin crossover in ferropericlase on the lower mantle geotherm

The iron spin crossover in ferropericlase introduces anomalies in its thermodynamics and thermoelastic properties. Here we investigate how these anomalies can affect the lower mantle geotherm using thermodynamics properties from ab initio calculations. The anomalous effect is examined in mantle aggregates consisting of mixtures of bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and CaSiO3 perovskite, with different Mg/Si ratios varying from harzburgitic to perovskitic (Mg/Si ∼ 1.5 to 0.8). We find that the anomalies introduced by the spin crossover increase the isentropic gradient and thus the geotherm proportionally to the amount of ferropericlase. The geotherms can be as much as ∼200 K hotter than the conventional adiabatic geotherm at deep lower mantle conditions. Aggregate elastic moduli and seismic velocities are also sensitive to the spin crossover and the geotherm, which impacts analyses of lower mantle velocities and composition.
Scale‐Dependent Ocean Vertical Correlations in the California Current System

We present observation and model estimates of temperature and salinity depth‐depth cross‐correlations in two different horizontal scale regimes. Glider data from the 2021 S‐MODE pilot campaign were assimilated into an ocean simulation using a three dimensional variational algorithm. We map the glider time series into distance allowing a Fourier analysis of model errors in wavenumber space. Power spectra indicate model error variance is less than the observed variance at scales larger than approximately 250 km. Based on this result, a Gaussian filter partitions the glider and model data into larger and smaller scale series at each depth. The larger and smaller scale temperature and salinity cross‐correlations between depths are compared and contrasted. Glider and model cross‐correlations are found to be similar, implying that the model physics at scales not constrained by the observations are similar to the true world.
Quasiparticle calculations of the electronic properties of ZrO2 and HfO2 polymorphs and their interface with Si

Quasiparticle calculations are performed to investigate the electronic band structures of various polymorphs of Hf and Zr oxides. The corrections with respect to density-functional-theory results are found to depend only weakly on the crystal structure. Based on these bulk calculations as well as those for bulk Si, the effect of quasiparticle corrections is also investigated for the band offsets at the interface between these oxides and Si assuming that the lineup of the potential at the interface is reproduced correctly within density-functional theory. On the one hand, the valence-band offsets are practically unchanged with a correction of a few tenths of electron volts. On the other hand, conduction-band offsets are raised by 1.3-1.5 eV. When applied to existing calculations for the offsets at the density-functional-theory level, our quasiparticle corrections provide results in good agreement with the experiment.
Molecular dust precursors in envelopes of oxygen-rich AGB stars and red supergiants

Abstract Condensation of circumstellar dust begins with formation of molecular clusters close to the stellar photosphere. These clusters are predicted to act as condensation cores at lower temperatures and allow efficient dust formation farther away from the star. Recent observations of metal oxides, such as AlO, AlOH, TiO, and TiO2, whose emission can be traced at high angular resolutions with ALMA, have allowed first observational studies of the condensation process in oxygen-rich stars. We are now in the era when depletion of gas-phase species into dust can be observed directly. I review the most recent observations that allow us to identify gas species involved in the formation of inorganic dust of AGB stars and red supergiants. I also discuss challenges we face in interpreting the observations, especially those related to non-equilibrium gas excitation and the high complexity of stellar atmospheres in the dust-formation zone.
Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber

A microwave ultra-broadband polarization-independent metamaterial absorber is demonstrated. It is composed of a periodic array of metal-dielectric multilayered quadrangular frustum pyramids. These pyramids possess resonant absorption modes at multi-frequencies, of which the overlapping leads to the total absorption of the incident wave over an ultra-wide spectral band. The experimental absorption at normal incidence is above 90% in the frequency range of 7.8–14.7 GHz, and the absorption is kept large when the incident angle is smaller than 60°. The experimental results agree well with the numerical simulation.