Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanism, preparation, and bio-applications of wet adhesives

Nowadays, researching and developing new wet adhesives have been a worldwide issue to be discussed since traditional adhesives lose their efficacy in wet environments due to a layer of water film on the surface and for which the demand for adhesives in the wet environment has increased dramatically. Among the researches, the mussel bionic adhesives are in a stage of rapid progress, giving a breakthrough direction from the perspective of bionics. In this article, wet adhesives are divided into two categories by chemical composition, i.e. catechol-based wet adhesives and non-catechol-based wet adhesives. Then researchers on which are reviewed, including their adhesive mechanism due to covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions, preparation as well as the biomedical application as tissues. This paper is aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of wet adhesives, beginning with the fundamental problems of underwater adherence, along with synthetic approaches and bio-applications. These insights will provide rational directions for developing wet adhesive materials with improved adhesives performance and uncompromised adhesive qualities using nature's blueprints.
Multirate Timestamp Modeling for Ultralow-Jitter Frequency Synthesis: A Tutorial

In this tutorial brief, we introduce a unified wideband phase-noise theory framework of frequency synthesis based on a multirate timestamp modeling with “two $z$ -variables”. We apply it to model and analyze two types of ultra-low jitter (i.e., sub-50fs) phase-locking techniques: 1) high-bandwidth PLLs with high phase-detector gain (with emphasis on all-digital PLLs), and 2) injection locking (IL) or recently proposed charge-sharing locking (CSL), serving as a unified guide on achieving the sub-50 fs jitter. All analytical results are numerically verified through time-domain behavioral simulations, demonstrating that the theoretically maximum bandwidths are around 30% and 44% of the reference frequency in PLLs and IL, respectively.
Influences of sea level changes and the South Asian Monsoon on southern Red Sea oceanography over the last 30 ka

Abstract The southern Red Sea is a key region for investigating the effect of climate forces on a semi-closed basin. Detailed micropaleontological (planktic foraminifera) and isotopic (δ18Ο, δ13C) analyses along with reconstructions of sea surface temperature and salinity on a sediment core from the Farasan banks revealed the imprints of sea level changes and the South Asian Monsoon on the area. Comparison with surrounding records provided insights on the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden (GoA)-Northwestern Arabian Sea (NWArS) water exchange pattern over the last 30 ka. During glacial sea-level lowstand, flow of water from the GoA prevented hypersalinity in the southern Red Sea. Deglacial sea level rise improved water mass exchange between the NWArS, GoA and the entire Red Sea, resulting in relatively similar surface water conditions during the early Holocene when sea-level rise slowed. Thus, sea level change is the major driver of Red Sea δ18O variability. Southwest Monsoon (SWM), which was dominant during the late glacial and Early–Middle Holocene, enhanced surface productivity in the southern Red Sea. Northeast Monsoon (NEM) dominated around Heinrich stadial 1, as indicated by a nearly aplanktonic zone that was probably caused by restricted GoA inflow and low productivity.
Effective Discovery Of E-mail Spam Using Spot Detection System

Compromised machines on the Internet are generally referred to as bots, and the set of bots controlled by a single entity is called a botnet. Botnets have multiple nefarious uses: mounting Distributed denial of service attacks, stealing user passwords and identities, generating click fraud, and sending spam email. Compromised machines are one of the key security threats on the Internet. Given that spamming provides a key economic motivation for attackers to recruiting the large number of compromised machines, and focus on the detection of the compromised machines in a network that are involved in the spamming activities, commonly known as spam zombies. Develop an effective spam zombie detection system named SPOT by monitoring outgoing messages of a network. SPOT is designed based on a powerful statistical tool called Sequential Probability Ratio Test, which has bounded false positive and false negative error rates. The number and the percentage of spam messages originate by spam detection technique. Index Terms—Compromised machines, spam zombies, spam detection techniques, spot detection system.
A Broad Antiviral Strategy: Inhibitors of Human DHODH Pave the Way for Host-Targeting Antivirals against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses

New strategies to rapidly develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapies are urgently required for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) that target the universal host factors necessary for viral replication are the most promising approach, with broad-spectrum, foresighted function, and low resistance. We and others recently identified that host dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is one of the universal host factors essential for the replication of many acute-infectious viruses. DHODH is a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, it has also been developed as a therapeutic target for many diseases relying on cellular pyrimidine resources, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, and viral or bacterial infections. Significantly, the successful use of DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection further supports the application prospects. This review focuses on the advantages of HTAs and the antiviral effects of DHODHi with clinical applications. The multiple functions of DHODHi in inhibiting viral replication, stimulating ISGs expression, and suppressing cytokine storms make DHODHi a potent strategy against viral infection.
User's View of the Quality of Croatian Topographic Map at the Scale 1:25 000

The subject of this research was the quality of the Croatian Topographic Map at the scale of 1:25 000 (TM25). The needed information was collected by using a questionaire. Emphasis was put on aesthetics and logical consistency. The total of 42% out of 165 users participated in the questionnaire. According to the survey, quality can be improved by these quality elements: content completeness, geometrical accuracy, geographic fidelity, contemporaneity and the aesthetic appearance. Even though aesthetics is not a priority for some, users give concrete suggestions with the objective to improve the aesthetics of TM25. Content completeness is the most important element to respondents in their work, while the aesthetics is the least important. One of the results of the research is that the Croatian TM25 is suitable for use by 99% of users.
Features of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen oxidation on the composite SrFeO3‐based anode for a protonic ceramic fuel cell

The hydrogen oxidation reaction on Sr2Fe1.5Mo0. 5O6−δ + Ce0.8Sm0. 2O2−δ (SFM‐SDC), Sr2Fe1.5Mo0. 5O6−δ + BaCe0.89Gd0. 1Cu0.01O3−δ (SFM‐BCGC) and Sr1.95Fe1. 4Ni0.1Mo0. 5O6−δ + BaCe0.89Gd0. 1Cu0.01O3−δ (SFNM‐BCGC) composite electrodes in contact with BaCeO3‐based proton‐conducting electrolytes was studied for the first time. Despite the high electronic and oxygen‐ionic conductivity in the SFM‐SDC, its electrochemical performance was not satisfactory, while the presence of the proton‐conducting phase and exsolved nickel particles on the SFNM‐BCGC electrode increased the electrochemical activity about 3 to 5 times. In series SFM‐SDC, SFM‐BCGC, SFNM‐BCGC the polarization resistance was about 1.06, 0.54, 0.37 Ohm cm2 at 800°C and 10.02, 3.55, 2.12 Ohm cm2 at 600°C in wet hydrogen. The presence of sufficient proton conductivity in the electrode is supposed to be crucial for the efficient performance of the anodes in contact with proton‐conducting oxides.
Species-Enriched Grass–Clover Mixtures Can Promote Bumblebee Abundance Compared with Intensively Managed Conventional Pastures

(1) Land use intensification has led to serious declines in biodiversity, including in forage production systems for dairy cows. Agri-environmental schemes, such as enriching grasslands in floral species, were shown to be an effective tool to promote biodiversity in higher trophic levels. Here, we studied an innovative pasture-based dairy production system with floral-species-enhanced temporary grasslands, with respect to the effect on wild bee abundance and species richness. (2) We studied three grass–clover mixtures with perennial ryegrass and clover species with different levels of plant diversity for flower cover and wild bees. The grass-clover pastures were rotationally stocked with cattle and parts of the pastures were excluded from grazing. Intensively managed conventional permanent grasslands were studied as the common land use type. Wild bees were caught by sweep netting. Wild bee diversity was analysed with a general linear mixed model. For species richness, an incidence-based coverage estimator was calculated. (3) In total, 541 wild bees from 10 species were found. No wild bees were caught on the conventional grasslands. Wild bee abundance and species richness did not differ among the three grass-clover mixtures, but with increasing flower cover of white clover (Trifolium repens), wild bee abundance increased. Except for one solitary wild bee individual, the recorded community exclusively consisted of bumblebees. While generalist species that are commonly found on farmland dominated, rare long-tongued bumblebees made up 10% on the grazed sites of the multispecies mixture and made up 20% on the ungrazed strips of the binary mixture and multispecies mixture. (4) We conclude that multispecies mixtures can provide resources for generalist bumblebee species, especially when compared with conventional grasslands that offer no resources. Considering that the multispecies mixture has been also shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate leaching, while maintaining high forage yields, our findings add to the potential to promote a wide range of ecosystem services. Yet, should their full potential be enfolded, grazing should partially be excluded, and the mixture should be extended by plant species with more open flowers, suitable for solitary wild bees.
The design of a complex weather environment simulation system for evaluating imaging detection efficiency

Common electronic imaging can be easily affected by some weather factors. In order to explore the influence of several main weather factors in Lab circumstance, it is necessary to develop a weather simulation system for evaluating imaging detection efficiency. In this paper, a design and manufacture of a relatively complex weather environment simulation system for evaluating imaging detection operation is introduced. The proposed system can be used to simulate several common weather conditions such as rain, fog, air flow, and temperature variance, in a small spatial size of 60×45×45cm, which covers a large spectral range from the visible to infrared wavelength bands of 0. 38μm~14μm and can be utilized to conveniently explore the adverse effects of the weather factors mentioned above on imaging detection. Firstly, the feasibility for simulating different factors including rain, fog, air flow, and temperature variance, is demonstrated. The overall system is designed and realized based on the corresponding electrical and optical and mechanical parameters. The velocity distribution of air flow is simulated by Fluent. The components of the system are made and assembled by traditional processing methods such as Computer Numerical Control. Finally, the overall system is tested, and the results show that the design goals have been attained well. The system can be applied to simulate imaging detection experiments.
Pitch–Luminance Crossmodal Correspondence in the Baby Chick: An Investigation on Predisposed and Learned Processes

Our senses are constantly reached by a multitude of stimuli from all different sensory modalities. To create a coherent representation of the environment, we must integrate the various unimodal inputs that refer to the same object into a single multimodal representation. In some cases, however, we tend to bind certain properties of the stimuli without any apparent reason, which is a phenomenon named crossmodal correspondence. For instance, we match a spiky or a rounded shape with the sound “Kiki” or “Bouba”, respectively. Similarly, we associate the left hemispace with low luminance and the right one with high luminance. Instances of crossmodal correspondences were described also in other mammals, and recently, a case of space-luminance crossmodal correspondence was reported in birds (i.e., domestic chicks). Here, we investigate the presence of pitch–luminance crossmodal correspondence in three-day-old chicks, employing experimental methods that exploit either predisposed or learned processes. While failing to report evidence for this phenomenon, we discuss the difference between statistical and structural crossmodal correspondences and the possible role of environmental factors in determining their emergence. Moreover, we discuss the importance of the different experimental methodologies to investigate distinct aspects of this perceptual phenomenon to reach a deeper understanding and unveil the role of innate vs. learned mechanisms.
Babacan Liderlik ve Yöneticiye Güven İlişkisinde Güç Mesafesi, Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluğun Düzenleyici Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

In current study, which questions whether paternalistic leadership is a positive or negative leadership style depending on cultural values, it is aimed to examine the association between paternalistic leadership and trust in manager, and whether there are moderating effects of power distance, individualism and collectivism in this association. So, a quantitative research was conducted and 753 employees in different sectors were included in the research through the survey technique. The findings reveal a strong positive interaction between the paternalistic leadership perceptions of the employees and their trust in managers exists. While no moderating effects of individualism and collectivism were found As a result, in this study it was determined that paternalistic leadership strengthened the employees' trust in manager, but the cultural values in these relationships did not have significant effects. When evaluated in the context of the relevant literature, findings can form a concrete basis for theoretical debate and complex views on the subject. In this respect, it is expected the present study will contribute to the leadership, organizational psychology, and culture literature.
Multi-Beam Microwave Photonic Beamforming Based on Self-Coherent Detection of a WDM Signal

The increasing ubiquity of mobile services is driving wireless communications to fully exploit spatial-division multiplexing (SDM). However, SDM’s key enabling technology – the beamformer – is hindered by scalability hurdles that electronic technologies have failed to overcome. This manuscript tackles this challenge by introducing a novel photonic beamforming architecture, which leverages and combines key techniques of both past photonic beamformers and cutting-edge optical communications. The proposed architecture makes use of wavelength-division multiplexing, coherent detection, and programmable photonic processing to realize a truly scalable photonic beamformer. The proposed architecture is analytically and numerically validated, as well as experimentally demonstrated. The experimental validation includes a practical demonstration of two RF beams at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12 \,\mathrm{G}\mathrm{Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, each carrying a 1 GBd QPSK signal, being independently beamformed, and down-converted to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5 \,\mathrm{G}\mathrm{Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.
Elementary School Children’s Home Learning Environments: Mathematics, Reading, Science, and Written Language

It is well accepted that the home learning environment impacts school performance; however, much of the previous research has focused on preschool children. This exploratory study used an online, Qualtrics survey to ask parents (N = 177) of elementary students about the home learning environment. Our research questions addressed (1) the amount of time children spend on mathematics, reading, written language, and science at home, and differences by subject and/or grade; (2) parental beliefs about the importance of engaging in home learning activities in each of the four subjects; (3) parental confidence in supporting each of the four academic subjects; (4) parental and child enjoyment of the four academic subjects; and (5) who (parents, child, or teacher) initiated home learning activities in the different subject areas. The results indicated that elementary school-age children were engaged in reading, mathematics, science, and written language activities at home; however, the most time was spent on reading activities. Parents reported viewing engagement and assistance with academically related activities at home as important; however, they were more confident assisting with reading and written language than mathematics or science. Strong associations were noted between parental enjoyment of a subject and their confidence in assisting their child. Overall, teachers initiated more activities for older children and were more likely to initiate mathematics activities. When children initiated an activity, it was typically reading related.
Deep Neural Networks for Automatic Flower Species Localization and Recognition

Deep neural networks are efficient methods of recognizing image patterns and have been largely implemented in computer vision applications. Object detection has many applications in computer vision, including face and vehicle detection, video surveillance, and plant leaf detection. An automatic flower identification system over categories is still challenging due to similarities among classes and intraclass variation, so the deep learning model requires more precisely labeled and high-quality data. In this proposed work, an optimized and generalized deep convolutional neural network using Faster-Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (Faster-RCNN) and Single Short Detector (SSD) is used for detecting, localizing, and classifying flower objects. We prepared 2000 images for various pretrained models, including ResNet 50, ResNet 101, and Inception V2, as well as Mobile Net V2. In this study, 70% of the images were used for training, 25% for validation, and 5% for testing. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed Faster-RCNN model using the transfer learning approach gives an optimum mAP score of 83.3% with 300 and 91.3% with 100 proposals on ten flower classes. In addition, the proposed model could identify, locate, and classify flowers and provide essential details that include flower name, class classification, and multilabeling techniques.
Prediction of Air Leakage Rate of Sintering Furnace Based on BP Neural Network Optimized by PSO

Aiming at the difficulty of air leakage detection in the sintering process of the sintering furnace, especially the problems of high detection cost and poor timeliness of detection results when traditional methods are used for detection, we propose an air leakage rate prediction algorithm. Firstly, we use the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the initial parameters of the neural network based on back propagation and get the best set of initial parameters through continuous search. Secondly, the optimized parameters are substituted into the neural network to train them with training data, and the trained parameters are obtained. Finally, the air leakage rate of the test set data is predicted by using the trained parameters. Compared with traditional calculation methods such as gas analysis and calorimetry, the proposed method can greatly simplify the detection process, shorten the detection time, and control the error within 5%, allowing the user to deal with the air leakage problem more timely and improve the overall sintering quality.
Principles for the production of evidence‐based guidance for conservation actions

Many types of guidance documents inform conservation by providing practical recommendations for the management of species and habitats. To ensure effective decisions are made, such guidance should be based upon relevant and up‐to‐date evidence. We reviewed conservation guidance for mitigation and management of species and habitats in the United Kingdom and Ireland, identifying 301 examples produced by over 50 organizations. Of these, only 29% provided a reference list, of which only 32% provided reference(s) relevant to justify the recommended actions (9% of the total). Furthermore, even this guidance was often outdated, lacked a methodology for production, or did not highlight uncertainty in the key evidence that supported the recommendations. These deficiencies can lead to misguided and ineffective conservation practices, policies, and decisions, and a waste of resources. Based on this review and co‐design by experts from 14 organizations, we present a set of principles for ensuring sufficient and relevant evidence is transparently incorporated into future conservation guidance. Producing evidence‐based guidance in line with these principles would enable more effective conservation outcomes.