Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Pedestrian Crossing Decisions Based on Vehicle Trajectories in Large-Scale Simulated and Real-World Data

Humans, as both pedestrians and drivers, generally skillfully navigate traffic intersections. Despite the uncertainty, danger, and the non-verbal nature of communication commonly found in these interactions, there are surprisingly few collisions considering the total number of interactions. As the role of automation technology in vehicles grows, it becomes increasingly critical to understand the relationship between pedestrian and driver behavior: how pedestrians perceive the actions of a vehicle/driver and how pedestrians make crossing decisions. The relationship between time-to-arrival (TTA) and pedestrian gap acceptance (i.e., whether a pedestrian chooses to cross under a given window of time to cross) has been extensively investigated. However, the dynamic nature of vehicle trajectories in the context of non-verbal communication has not been systematically explored. Our work provides evidence that trajectory dynamics, such as changes in TTA, can be powerful signals in the non-verbal communication between drivers and pedestrians. Moreover, we investigate these effects in both simulated and real-world datasets, both larger than have previously been considered in literature to the best of our knowledge.
CAR T Cell Immunotherapy in Human and Veterinary Oncology: Changing the Odds Against Hematological Malignancies

The advent of the genome editing era brings forth the promise of adoptive cell transfer using engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for targeted cancer therapy. CAR T cell immunotherapy is probably one of the most encouraging developments for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In 2017, two CAR T cell therapies were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one for the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the other for adult patients with advanced lymphomas. However, despite significant progress in the area, CAR T cell therapy is still in its early days and faces significant challenges, including the complexity and costs associated with the technology. B cell lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic cancer in dogs, with an incidence approaching 0.1% and a total of 20–100 cases per 100,000 individuals. It is a widely accepted naturally occurring model for human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Current treatment is with combination chemotherapy protocols, which prolong life for less than a year in canines and are associated with severe dose-limiting side effects, such as gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity. To date, one canine study generated CAR T cells by transfection of mRNA for CAR domain expression. While this was shown to provide a transient anti-tumor activity, results were modest, indicating that stable, genomic integration of CAR modules is required in order to achieve lasting therapeutic benefit. This commentary summarizes the current state of knowledge on CAR T cell immunotherapy in human medicine and its potential applications in animal health, while discussing the potential of the canine model as a translational system for immuno-oncology research.
Skewness correction in tail probability approximations for sums of local statistics

Correcting for skewness can result in more accurate tail probability approximations in the central limit theorem for sums of independent random variables. In this paper, we extend the theory to sums of local statistics of independent random variables and apply the result to $k$-runs, U-statistics, and subgraph counts in the Erdos-Renyi random graph. To prove our main result, we develop exponential concentration inequalities and higher-order Cramer-type moderate deviations via Stein's method.
Commuting circle diffeomorphisms with their derivatives having mixed moduli of continuity

Let $d\geq 2$ be an integer and let $\omega_1,\cdots ,\omega_d$ be moduli of continuity in a specified class which contains the moduli of Holder continuity. Let $f_k$, $k\in\{1,\cdots,d\}$, be $C^{1+\omega_k}$ orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle and $f_1,\cdots, f_d$ commute with each other. We prove that if the rotation numbers of $f_k$'s are independent over the rationals and $\omega_1(t)\cdots\omega_d(t)=t\omega(t)$ with $\lim_{t\rightarrow 0^+}\omega(t)=0$, then $f_1,\cdots,f_d$ are simultaneously (topologically) conjugate to rigid rotations.
Usefulness and Cost-effectiveness of Interval Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis

Background: The management for abscess-forming appendicitis, including interval appendectomy, is controversial. Emergency surgery for abscess-forming appendicitis may lead to expanded surgery, which is associated with many perioperative complications. To prevent complications, we introduced the Interval Appendectomy protocol (IA protocol), and examined its efficacy compared to emergency appendectomy. Methods: Patients treated for complicated appendicitis at our hospital from January 2010 to January 2018 were consecutively enrolled into this study. They were classified into two groups based on enrollment before and after April 2014: emergency appendectomy group (EA group, before April 2014) and interval appendectomy group (IA group, after April 2014). We compared the perioperative treatment outcomes and examined the necessity for elective surgery, focusing on the postoperative pathological results of the IA group. Results: We enrolled 49 consecutive patients with complicated appendicitis who were treated during this study period. The IA protocol was applied to 38 patients; 32 patients completed this protocol and were assigned to the IA group. Patient characteristics were not significantly different between the IA and EA group. The IA group had significantly less postoperative complications (p=0.002) and medical costs (p=0.01). Residual inflammation in the appendix was observed in 16 cases (50%) pathologically. Conclusions: Interval appendectomy for complicated appendicitis was associated with a low incidence of perioperative complications and was effective in terms of cost. Interval appendectomy seems necessary to prevent recurrent appendicitis, given that inflammation remains on pathological examination.
ISOLATED ENTERIC SPLENIC LESION IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT HOST: AN INTERESTING CASE REPORT

Splenic abscess is often an unrecognized complication of enteric fever. Diagnosis is difficult because of its rarity, insidious onset, and non-specific presentation. We report an interesting case of splenic lesion in an immunocompetent adolescent with no other comorbidities, who presented with history and clinical presentation more suggestive of tubercular etiology. However, culture from the CT-guided fine-needle aspirate grew Gram-negative bacilli, identified as Salmonella Typhi which was sensitive to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone. He responded favorably with oral antibiotics without any further surgical intervention. High degree of clinical awareness with timely and appropriate microbiological evaluation helped into an early definitive diagnosis of enteric splenic abscess. This case highlights that in this era of emerging infections, we should not miss the atypical presentations of the endemic diseases. Safe and minimally invasive radiological intervention with good microbiological correlation is a successful spleen conserving treatment alternative to surgery in suitable patients of splenic abscess.
A proof that square ice entropy is $\frac{3}{2} \log_2 (4/3)$

In this text, we provide a fully rigorous, complete and self-contained proof of E.H. Lieb's statement that (topological) entropy of square ice (or six vertex model, XXZ spin chain for anisotropy parameter $\Delta=1/2$) is equal to $\frac{3}{2}\log_2 (4/3)$. For this purpose, we gather and expose in full detail various arguments dispersed in the literature on the subject, and complete several of them that were left partial.
HoloDetect: Few-Shot Learning for Error Detection

We introduce a few-shot learning framework for error detection. We show that data augmentation (a form of weak supervision) is key to training high-quality, ML-based error detection models that require minimal human involvement. Our framework consists of two parts: (1) an expressive model to learn rich representations that capture the inherent syntactic and semantic heterogeneity of errors; and (2) a data augmentation model that, given a small seed of clean records, uses dataset-specific transformations to automatically generate additional training data. Our key insight is to learn data augmentation policies from the noisy input dataset in a weakly supervised manner. We show that our framework detects errors with an average precision of ~94% and an average recall of ~93% across a diverse array of datasets that exhibit different types and amounts of errors. We compare our approach to a comprehensive collection of error detection methods, ranging from traditional rule-based methods to ensemble-based and active learning approaches. We show that data augmentation yields an average improvement of 20 F1 points while it requires access to 3x fewer labeled examples compared to other ML approaches.
Primer reporte de Bacillus spp. entomopatógenas al Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Debido a la falta de conocimiento de bacterias patógenas a Melanaphis sacchari, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la patogenicidad de cepas bacterianas contra este áfido. En la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero en 2019 se llevaron a cabo los bioensayos in vitro. Mediante ingesta en dieta contaminada, se evaluaron cuatro cepas en dos tratamientos de 10 y 100 μg ml-1 de proteína total. Los bioensayos demostraron que las cepas fueron patógenas al áfido, ocasionando una mortalidad a las 48 h de entre el 35 ±8% al 63 ±12% a una concentración de 10 μg ml-1. En tanto que, a una concentración de 100 μg ml-1 la mortalidad fue de alrededor del 48 ±4% al 90 ±7%. Las cepas más virulentas contra el áfido a una concentración de 10 μg ml-1 fueron la ETH-109 y ETH-117, ocasionando una mortalidad de 58 ±8% y 63 ±12%, respectivamente. Mientras que, a la concentración de 100 μg ml-1 la cepa más virulenta fue la ETH-109 causando una mortalidad de 90 ±7%, seguida de la cepa ETH-117 con un 73 ±5% de áfidos muertos.
Research on the Mechanism of Pulsatilla Potentially Useful for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology

Triple negative breast cancer is a very malignant type of breast cancer. Its age of onset is young and the prognosis is poor, which seriously threatens women's physical and mental health. Pulsatilla Chinensis is a common medicine in traditional Chinese medicine. Application of network pharmacology analysis found that the active ingredients in Pulsatilla can target Caspase-3, NOS3, etc. to exert anti-tumor effects. This discovery will provide new alternative drugs and potential methods for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Localization in Fractonic Random Circuits

We study the spreading of initially-local operators under unitary time evolution in a 1d random quantum circuit model which is constrained to conserve a $U(1)$ charge and its dipole moment, motivated by the quantum dynamics of fracton phases. We discover that charge remains localized at its initial position, providing a crisp example of a non-ergodic dynamical phase of random circuit dynamics. This localization can be understood as a consequence of the return properties of low dimensional random walks, through a mechanism reminiscent of weak localization, but insensitive to dephasing. The charge dynamics is well-described by a system of coupled hydrodynamic equations, which makes several nontrivial predictions in good agreement with numerics. Importantly, these equations also predict localization in 2d fractonic circuits. Immobile fractonic charge emits non-conserved operators, whose spreading is governed by exponents distinct to non-fractonic circuits. Fractonic operators exhibit a short time linear growth of observable entanglement with saturation to an area law, as well as a subthermal volume law for operator entanglement. The entanglement spectrum follows semi-Poisson statistics, similar to eigenstates of MBL systems. The non-ergodic phenomenology persists to initial conditions containing non-zero density of dipolar or fractonic charge. Our work implies that low-dimensional fracton systems preserve forever a memory of their initial conditions in local observables under noisy quantum dynamics, thereby constituting ideal memories. It also implies that 1d and 2d fracton systems should realize true MBL under Hamiltonian dynamics, even in the absence of disorder, with the obstructions to MBL in translation invariant systems and in d>1 being evaded by the nature of the mechanism responsible for localization. We also suggest a possible route to new non-ergodic phases in high dimensions.
Pressure shifts in high-precision hydrogen spectroscopy: II. Impact approximation and Monte-Carlo simulations

We investigate collisional shifts of spectral lines involving excited hydrogenic states, where van der Waals coefficients have recently been shown to have large numerical values when expressed in atomic units. Particular emphasis is laid on the recent hydrogen 2S–4P experiment (and an ongoing 2S–6P experiment) in Garching, but numerical input data are provided for other transitions (e.g. involving S states), as well. We show that the frequency shifts can be described, to sufficient accuracy, in the impact approximation. The pressure related effects were separated into two parts, (i) related to collisions of atoms inside of the beam, and (ii) related to collisions of the atoms in the atomic beam with the residual background gas. The latter contains both atomic as well as molecular hydrogen. The dominant effect of intra-beam collisions is evaluated by a Monte-Carlo simulation, taking the geometry of the experimental apparatus into account. While, in the Garching experiment, the collisional shift is on the order of 10 Hz, and thus negligible, it can decisively depend on the experimental conditions. We present input data which can be used in order to describe the effect for other transitions of current and planned experimental interest.
Online Convex Dictionary Learning

Dictionary learning is a dimensionality reduction technique widely used in data mining, machine learning and signal processing alike. Nevertheless, many dictionary learning algorithms such as variants of Matrix Factorization (MF) do not adequately scale with the size of available datasets. Furthermore, scalable dictionary learning methods lack interpretability of the derived dictionary matrix. To mitigate these two issues, we propose a novel low-complexity, batch online convex dictionary learning algorithm. The algorithm sequentially processes small batches of data maintained in a fixed amount of storage space, and produces meaningful dictionaries that satisfy convexity constraints. Our analytical results are two-fold. First, we establish convergence guarantees for the proposed online learning scheme. Second, we show that a subsequence of the generated dictionaries converges to a stationary point of the approximation-error function. Experimental results on synthetic and real world datasets demonstrate both the computational savings of the proposed online method with respect to convex non-negative MF, and performance guarantees comparable to those of online non-convex learning.
Complex Probiotics Supplementation Improves Overtraining-Induced Muscle Inflammatory Response and Antioxidant Status Via LPS-TLR4/NF-κb Signalling Pathway in Rats

Background: Prolonged endurance and intensive exercise has shown detrimental effects on muscle health as well as causes intestinal dysbiosis. Probiotics are known as live microorganisms effective in improving gut microbiota and immunity to warrant health and well-being, which exert global and local biological functions on gut and muscle comprising of anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis, etc,. This research was conducted to investigate whether complex probiotics supplementation could alleviate excessive exercise-induced muscle damage and underlying signaling mechanism in rats.Methods: Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly allocated to four groups: control (SC), exercise (EC), probiotics (SP) and exercise with probiotics (EP) (n = 8 each). In the overtraining model, rats were arranged to an incremental load training on the treadmill 6 days/week for 8 weeks and gavaged with complex-probiotic-preparation (4 × 109 CFU/g) containing maltodextrin or maltodextrin only once a day. Serum and soleus were collected at the end of experiment. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and muscle total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) in soleus were measured. Furthermore, soleus protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), p-p65/p65, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were determined by western blotting assay. Results: The findings indicated that excessive exercise induced a significant increased CK and LDH activities, LPS levels, relative protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65/p65, inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the antioxidant elements including T-AOC, GPx, CAT were markedly decreased in the muscle of EC group (p < 0.05). In addition, up-regulated the protein expression of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9/procaspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3/procaspase-3 in muscle (p < 0.05). Administration of complex probiotics attenuated overtraining-induced inflammatory response, oxidative injury and TLR4/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling factors expression as a result of reversing the most of above altered biochemical parameters (p < 0.05), and there was only tendency downregulation in the expression of apoptosis-regulated proteins (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Administration of complex probiotics could improve capability of the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory status induced by excessive exercise in rat skeletal muscle possibly via protecting the gut mucosal barrier, inhibiting the outflow of endotoxin, attenuating the action of TLR4-mediated NF-kB pathway.
Blown-up Čech cohomology and Cartan’s Theorem B on real algebraic varieties

We introduce a concept of blown-up Čech cohomology for coherent sheaves of homological dimension [Formula: see text] and some quasi-coherent sheaves on a nonsingular real affine variety. Its construction involves a directed set of multi-blowups. We establish, in particular, long exact cohomology sequence and Cartan’s Theorem B. Finally, some applications are provided, including universal solution to the first Cousin problem (after blowing up).
Prioritizing Tasks in Code Repair: A Psychological Exploration of Computer Code

The current study explored the influence of task prioritization on how computer programmers reviewed and edited code. Forty-five programmers recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk downloaded and edited a computer program in C#. Programmers were given instructions to review the code and told to prioritize either the reputation, transparency, or performance aspects of the code, or were given no prioritization instruction. Code changes and remarks about their changes to the code were analyzed with a between-within multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicate prioritizing an aspect of the code leads to increased performance on that aspect, but with deficits to other aspects of the code. Managers may want programmers to prioritize certain aspects of code depending on the stage of development of the software (i.e., testing, rollout, etc.). However, managers should also be cognizant of the effects task prioritization has on programmer perceptions of the code as a whole.
Understanding the Effect of Social Media Overload on Academic Performance: A Stressor-Strain-Outcome Perspective

Social media has deeply penetrated into university students’ daily lives, inducing excessive usage that can result in social media overload. However, only few studies have explored the adverse consequences of social media use from a pedagogical perspective. This paper aims to investigate the effects of overload on students’ academic performance and the underlying mechanism. Based on the stressor-strain-outcome model, we propose that information, communication, and social overloads influence technostress and exhaustion of students, which in turn impair their academic performance. Results from a study of 249 Chinese social media users in universities reveal that all three types of overload enhance technostress, but only information overload significantly affect exhaustion. Both technostress and exhaustion have negative effects on academic performance. This study enriches social media literature by identifying a more comprehensive classification of social media-related overload among university students and investigating the exact mechanism of excessive social media use in educational environment.
Examining Proactive and Responsive Outcomes of a Dedicated Co-Responder Team

The Boston Police Department (BPD) has adopted a Co-Responder approach to enhance their response to people with mental illnesses residing in the City of Boston. Because of resource constraints, the BPD does not have a dedicated car to respond to mental health-related calls. This means that while Co-Responding teams can call off on or be dispatched to calls known or suspected to have a mental health component based on nature code or a commonly visited address, they must also respond to more typical calls for service. Using grant funding, the BPD implemented a 1-month dedicated Co-Responder car pilot programme and collected data about all related encounters. Using these data, we explore the outcomes resulting from this evaluation. First, we discuss the development and implementation of the Co-Response model and dedicated car pilot in Boston. Secondly, we examine how the Co-Responder team spent its time during the dedicated car pilot programme and describe the outcomes of encounters with community members, with a focus on involuntary evaluations and commitments as well as the factors that predicted these particular outcomes. Results indicate that much of the Co-Response work is proactive and that formal dispositions, such as involuntary commitment and evaluation, are used sparingly. Finally, policy and practice implications are discussed.
Pseudodifferential calculus on noncommutative tori, II. Main properties

This paper is the second part of a two-paper series whose aim is to give a detailed description of Connes’ pseudodifferential calculus on noncommutative [Formula: see text]-tori, [Formula: see text]. We make use of the tools introduced in the 1st part to deal with the main properties of pseudodifferential operators on noncommutative tori of any dimension [Formula: see text]. This includes the main results mentioned in [2, 5, 11]. We also obtain further results regarding action on Sobolev spaces, spectral theory of elliptic operators, and Schatten-class properties of pseudodifferential operators of negative order, including a trace-formula for pseudodifferential operators of order [Formula: see text].
An emissions barrier stops spread of moisture driven emissions from buildings into the indoor air

A new type of emissions barrier was used in premises with indoor air complaints due to moisture driven emissions from the buildings in question. The emissions comprised chlorophenols/chloroanisoles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from treated wood, and volatile organic compounds (VOC), mainly 2-ethylhexanol, from PVC flooring and the glue used to paste the flooring onto a concrete slab. Attaching the barrier at the surfaces from where the emissions were spread (floor, walls, ceiling) resulted in a fresh and odour-free indoor air. We conclude that using an emissions barrier in buildings made unhealthy by moisture is an efficient way of restoring a pleasant and healthy indoor air. Peer-review under the responsibility of the organizing committee of the ICMB21.