Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for an ancient bilaterian origin of the RAG-like transposon

Background V(D)J recombination is essential for adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates and is initiated by the RAG1-RAG2 endonuclease. The RAG1 and RAG2 genes are thought to have evolved from a RAGL (RAG-like) transposon containing convergently-oriented RAG1-like (RAG1L) and RAG2-like (RAG2L) genes. Elements resembling this presumptive evolutionary precursor have thus far only been detected convincingly in deuterostomes, leading to the model that the RAGL transposon first appeared in an early deuterostome. Results We have identified numerous RAGL transposons in the genomes of protostomes, including oysters and mussels (phylum Mollusca) and a ribbon worm (phylum Nemertea), and in the genomes of several cnidarians. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the RAGL transposon family evolved in a vertical manner within the Bilateria clade. Many of the RAGL transposons identified in protostomes are intact elements containing convergently oriented RAG1L and RAG2L genes flanked by terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and target site duplications with striking similarities with the corresponding elements in deuterostomes. In addition, protostome genomes contain numerous intact RAG1L-RAG2L adjacent gene pairs that lack detectable flanking TIRs. Domains and critical active site and structural amino acids needed for endonuclease and transposase activity are present and conserved in many of the predicted RAG1L and RAG2L proteins encoded in protostome genomes. Conclusions Active RAGL transposons were present in multiple protostome lineages and were transmitted vertically during protostome evolution. It appears that the RAGL transposon family was broadly active during bilaterian evolution, undergoing multiple duplication and loss/fossilization events, with the RAGL genes that persist in present day protostomes perhaps constituting both active RAGL transposons and domesticated RAGL genes. Our findings indicate that the RAGL transposon arose earlier in evolution than previously thought, either in an early bilaterian or prior to the divergence of bilaterians and non-bilaterians, and alter our understanding of the evolutionary history of this important transposon family.
Multicriteria Evaluation of High-speed Rail, Transrapid Maglev and Air Passenger Transport in Europe

This article deals with a multicriteria evaluation of High-Speed Rail, Transrapid Maglev and Air Passenger Transport in Europe. Operational, socio-economic and environmental performance indicators of the specific high-speed transport systems are adopted as the evaluation criteria. By using the entropy method, weights are assigned to particular criteria in order to indicate their relative importance in decision-making. The TOPSIS method is applied to carry out the multicriteria evaluation and selection of the preferable alternative (high-speed system) under given circumstances.
Ultrasonic stress measurements in prestressing tendons

The goal of this research was to examine ultrasonic stress measurement techniques for the condition assessment of prestressing tendons. Acoustoelastic measurements were made in prestressing rods and strands, and constants are reported that relate the change in ultrasonic velocity to the change in stress. The effects of dispersion in prestressing tendons, which act as circular wave guides for ultrasonic waves, were measured and evaluated. For this research, narrow-band, noncontact Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) were designed to launch and receive ultrasonic waves propagating within the tendons.
ARE ORGANIC PLANT PRODUCTS OF MORE IMPROVED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION THAN CONVENTIONAL ONES?

Considering negative effects of conventional agricultural production, organic food production is a sustainable approach to the production, which preserves the environment and protects human health. Organic products are products of high quality, without residues of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Through the review of literature data, authors of this paper presented a comparison of chemical compositions of organically and conventionally grown plants and their products. Dry matter, nitrates, sugars, vitamins, macro- and micro-elements, as well as, secondary metabolites have been singled out. According to obtained data, organic products contain more dry matter, significantly less nitrates, less proteins and a higher proportion of amino acids, more sugars, vitamin C, numerous macro- and micro-elements (particularly Fe, Mg and P), more polyphenols and they have higher total antioxidant capacity than conventional products. Although many authors have been dealing for many years with the comparison of the nutritional composition of organic and conventional food products, a clear consensus that organic products have the improved chemical composition compared to conventional products has not been reached yet, i.e. the answers are ambivalent. Therefore, further long-term studies are necessary in order to clarify the existing doubts.
Manufacturing Systems Engineering

Providing a description of some of the phenomena in material flow in manufacturing systems, this text details some of the potentially disruptive events that affect the production process, the control action that managers can take in anticipation or response, and the consequences of disruptions and the managers's actions. It focuses on two major areas: the effects of unreliability, variability, and finite storage space on system performance; and control-theoretic methods for operating advanced manufacturing systems to obtain high performance.
Whole life cost performance of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in the United Kingdom

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be used to reduce the demand for potable mains water. At the single‐building scale, previous research has focused on water‐saving potential, while financial assessment has either been omitted or considered in an ad hoc manner. This paper reports on the application of a more rigorous financial analysis of domestic RWH systems than had been conducted previously. Whole life costing was selected as the most appropriate financial assessment technique. A total of 3840 domestic system configurations were assessed at a daily time step, taking into account various stakeholder perspectives and future cost scenarios. In each case, it was found that harvesting rainwater was significantly less cost effective than relying solely on mains‐only water. The domestic RWH systems generally resulted in financial losses approximately equal to their capital costs. Without significant financial support, domestic RWH is unlikely to be cost effective for all reasonably foreseeable scenarios.
Electronic Surveillance in the Global Workplace: Laws, Ethics, Research and Practice

This paper considers the legal, ethical and cultural factors that must be addressed in evaluating the appropriateness of employing electronic surveillance (ES) in varying international contexts. It critically evaluates the rationale that underlies the use of ES in a variety of settings and types of organisations. It suggests guidelines for the adoption and use of ES and potential directions for future research.
Design of a LC-tank CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

This paper presents a voltage-controlled oscillator with low phase noise and wide tuning range in 0. 18µm CMOS technology. The designed VCO demonstrates an oscillation frequency range from 4.61GHz to 8.21GHz, a phase noise of -122.7 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, an output power of -6.5dBm with a dc power of 9.558mw.
Sound, Structures, and Their Interaction

"Sound, Structures, and Their Interaction" covers theoretical acoustics, structural vibrations, and the interaction of elastic structures with an ambient acoustic medium. It is intended both as a text for graduate-level courses and as a reference book for researchers in various areas of underwater acoustics. It is self-contained and presents the theoretical foundations in sound radiation and scattering and in plate and shell vibrations required for the solution of coupled acoustics-structural vibrations problems.First published in 1972, "Sound, Structures, and Their Interaction" has been extensively revised to incorporate new results, with a particular emphasis on novel asymptotic solutions that provide physical insight as well as a check on numerical solutions. The book differs from other texts not only in its thorough treatment of the interaction of elastic structures with the ambient medium but also in its derivation of short-wavelength asymptotic solutions of sound diffraction (creeping waves) and of high-frequency vibrations of shells.This new edition also covers specialized problems, such as sound propagation in bubble swarms and in liquid-filled elastic waveguides and the effect of stiffeners on the response of submerged plates. The chapters dealing with acoustics proper provide powerful analytical techniques that the reader can apply to specific radiation and scattering situations.Miguel C. Junger is President and Principal Scientist, Cambridge Acoustical Associates, Inc. David Feit is a Research Scientist in the Ship Acoustics Department of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
The relationship between rail transit ridership and built environment and transportation system

Public transportation is an effective tool to tackle many urban transportation problems. Due to its higher capacity and reliability, rail transit often serves as the main means to connect major trip origins and destinations in a metropolitan area. We have witnessed that rail transit systems continue to be built or extended in cities around the world, including the cities in the U.S. As transit supply increases, planning concepts such as Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) seek to integrate urban environment with transit systems in order to promote transit use. Traditionally it is thought that people's travel behavior is shaped by travel time or monetary costs only, but the emergence of many recent studies suggests that the built environment also plays a role in people's travel decisions. This research examines the relationship between rail transit station ridership and the factors categorized into three groups: transportation system, built environment, and socio-demographics. The stations of Boston's rail transit system are analyzed. The method used is the direct demand approach with OLS regression. Bootstrapping and spatial regression are also used as enhanced models. Variables concerning each station as well as the station catchment area were considered and tested. This research finds that factors related to transportation system, land use, pedestrian environment, and socio-demographics are important. Different combinations of predictors are found during different time periods, reflecting the temporal difference in travel patterns. The findings of this research are in line with the TOD concept that certain elements of the built environment, such as higher levels of employment and population in the station area, and a more walkable environment, are associated with increased transit ridership. The results could lend support to future transit line planning, the design of neighborhood road networks, and land use policy-making. Thesis Supervisor: P. Christopher Zegras Title: Associate Professor of Transportation and Urban Planning
Determination of traffic signal settings for minimizing fuel consumption

In recent years, the promotion of energy saving is important from the viewpoint of preventing greenhouse effect and improvement of air pollution problems. In addition to the research and development of vehicles themselves, smoothing of traffic flow and efficiency of traffic are important subjects to promote energy saving. In particular, reduction of fuel consumption by traffic control is thought as one of the practical plans that can utilize existing traffic management systems. In this paper, we analyze the signal control system not from the standpoint of user optimal but from the standpoint of energy saving, that is to minimize fuel consumption.
Effects of RF Interference on Radar Receivers

This report describes the results of interference tests and measurements that have been performed on radar receivers that have various missions in several spectrum bands. Radar target losses have been measured under controlled conditions in the presence of radio frequency (RF) interference. Radar types that have been examined include short range and long range air traffic control; weather surveillance; and maritime navigation and surface search. Radar receivers experience loss of desired targets when interference from high duty cycle (more than about 1-3%) communication-type signals is as low as -10 dB to -6 dB relative to radar receiver inherent noise levels. Conversely, radars perform robustly in the presence of low duty cycle (less than 1-3%) signals such as those emitted by other radars. Target losses at low levels are insidious because they do not cause overt indications such as strobes on displays. Therefore operators are usually unaware that they are losing targets due to low-level interference. Interference can cause the loss of targets at any range. Low interference thresholds for communication-type signals, insidious behavior of target losses, and potential loss of targets at any range all combine to make low-level interference to radar receivers a very serious problem.
AN APPLICATION OF LOGIT MODEL TO INJURY EXPERIENCE DATA

The influence of various casual factors on the severity of injury was examined using the 4-year injury data from a group of underground coal mines. Although there are many factors that could affect the injury severity: miners' age, experience, occupation, injury-location, shift-time and specific-mine were chosen as the affecting variables. The logit model was applied for this analysis. The bivariate analysis was conducted to separately study the effect of each of the factors on the severity of injury and to estimate the odds of severe injuries. For the case study mines, it was concluded that the injury severity varies by age, occupation, injury-location, shift-time and specific-mine. However, experience in general does not have any significant effect on it.
Clinical applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in the fields of cancer and infectious diseases

Abstract Analytical technologies that can improve disease diagnosis are highly sought after. Current screening/diagnostic tests for several diseases are limited by their moderate diagnostic performance, invasiveness, costly and laborious methodologies or the need for multiple tests before a definitive diagnosis. Spectroscopic techniques, including infrared (IR) and Raman, have attracted great interest in the medical field, with applications expanding from early disease detection to monitoring and real-time diagnosis. This review highlights applications of IR and Raman spectroscopy, with a focus on cancer and infectious diseases since 2015, and underscores the diverse sample types that can be analyzed, such as biofluids, cells and tissues. Studies involving more than 25 participants per group (disease and control group; if no control group >25 in disease group) were considered eligible, to retain the clinical focus of the paper. Following literature searches, we identified 94 spectroscopic studies on different cancers and 30 studies on infectious diseases. The review suggests that such technologies have the potential to develop into an objective, inexpensive, point-of-care test or facilitate disease diagnosis and monitoring. Up-to-date considerations for the implementation of spectroscopic techniques into a clinical setting, health economics and successful applications of vibrational spectroscopic tests in the clinical arena are also discussed.
Dynamic modeling and control in average current mode controlled PWM DC/DC converters

In this paper, an improved averaging technique for average current mode controlled (ACMC) pulse width modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters is proposed. The modeling procedure provides ripple estimation and improves switching time calculation for ACMC PWM DC/DC converters. As an application of the theory, an ACMC boost converter with two proportional-integral (PI) controllers for both current loop and voltage loop is presented. Results confirm that the new averaged models are more accurate than conventional averaged models.
Application of Generalized J-Integral to Crack Propagation Modeling of Asphalt Concrete Under Repeated Loading

An energy-based crack-growth model was developed in this study to simulate the propagation of top-down cracking in asphalt pavements. A viscoelastic fracture mechanics approach, the generalized J-integral, was employed to model the crack growth of asphalt concrete. Laboratory fatigue crack propagation tests for three asphalt mixtures were performed at various load levels, frequencies, and temperatures. Disk-shaped specimens with a proper loading fixture and crack growth monitoring system were selected for the tests. It was observed from the tests that the crack-propagation model based on the generalized J-integral was independent of load levels and frequencies, while the traditional Paris law model based on stress intensity factor was dependent on loading frequencies. However, both models were unable to deal with the temperature dependence of the mixtures. The fatigue crack propagation model proposed in this study had a good agreement between experimental and predicted crack-growth lives, an indicator that the energy-based J-integral could be a better parameter to describe fatigue crack propagation of viscoelastic materials such as asphalt mixtures.
ANALYSIS ON EXTRACTING COMPLEX PATTERNS AND THE APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHMS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR BIG DATA ANALYTICS

In today's world, data science methods are widely applied in a variety of fields. Open source pre-print services provide scient metric research of abstracts for processing data on subject areas and directions, and this work focuses on developing new ways, in particular – the development of a unique model. The study's goal is to determine the extent to which data science is being used and how important it is in various disciplines of study. Deep Learning's ability to mine and learn from large amounts of unsupervised data makes it a valuable resource for Big Data Analytics. Researchers are looking into whether or whether Deep Learning can be utilized to address some of the most pressing Big Data Analytics issues, such as extracting complex patterns from vast amounts of data, semantic indexing, labeling, and rapid information retrieval. Streaming data, high-dimensional data, model scalability, and distributed computing are all introduced by Big Data Analytics, and they all need to be examined further in Deep Learning research.
Research on a Five-Phase In-Wheel Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine

This paper discusses the design of a fault-tolerant Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) for electric vehicles. The investigated machine is a five-phase in-wheel machine with 40 slots and 42 poles. The electromagnetic performance of double layer and single layer windings are compared based finite element analysis. The magnetic isolation abilities of the two winding types are also compared. Finally, a 12kW five-phase fault-tolerant machine which is able to meet the demand of electric drive system is designed and evaluated.
Zero-voltage and zero-current switching buck-boost converter with low voltage and current stresses

A family of soft-switching power converter is presented for fuel cell applications. The salient points are that all the switching devices are under zero-current switching during turn-on and zero-voltage switching during turn-off. The family of the circuit presented includes the buck, boost, buck-boost and Cuk converter. The active switches in the converter undergo zero-capacitive turn-on losses unlike switches in other soft-switched topologies discussed in the literature. The switches do not experience any over voltage/over current stress proportional to load as in resonant converters. This soft-switching technique can also be applied to other classical switched mode power converters. A detailed mathematical analysis of the converter under steady state is carried out, and experimental results obtained from a prototype are presented. The converter was also connected to a model toy car driven by fuel cells for the demonstration of the application.
Full-Band GSM Fingerprints for Indoor Localization Using a Machine Learning Approach

Indoor handset localization in an urban apartment setting is studied using GSM trace mobile measurements. Nearest-neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, and Gaussian Process classifiers are compared. The linear Support Vector Machine provides mean room classification accuracy of almost 98% when all GSM carriers are used. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to use fingerprints containing all GSM carriers, as well as the first to suggest that GSM can be useful for localization of very high performance.
The discontinuous galerkin approach for 3D seismic wave propagation and 3D dynamic rupture modeling in the case of a complex fault system

The aim of this research study, is to contribute in the development of the Arbitrary highorder DERivatives Discontinuous Galerkin (ADER-DG) method for elastic wave propagation and its application. Thus, after a general introduction we first explain the underlying numerical scheme. Then, the general benefits and capabilities of the proposed method are analyzed with a special focus on the oil and gas industry. Therein, the performance on large scale parallel computer clusters is demonstrated as well as two typical applications in geophysical exploration: a marine seismic survey and sonic logging in borehole wells. Next, a rigorous accuracy study about accurate geometry representation is presented. In this sense, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of structured meshes, which violate material interfaces as they result in staircase approximations but are computationally very efficient, and unstructured meshes, that are aligned to material interfaces. It is shown that the accuracy of synthetic seismograms strongly depends on the signal frequency, material contrast and mesh resolution if the material interfaces are not respected by the mesh. Finally, we define clear rules that have to be adhered to guarantee acceptable results for cases where material contrasts occurring along curved interfaces are discretized with regular meshes. The main goal of the work is to extend the ADER-DG method to three-dimensional dynamic rupture problems for complex fault systems. We give a complete description of the algorithm, benchmark the new implementation by the SCEC TPV3 test problem and compare it with two well established numerical methods. Afterwards, the systematic consistency is proved by a convergence test. In the end, we demonstrate the capabilities of the high-order accurate ADER-DG scheme on unstructured meshes for strong ground motion modeling. Therefore, an earthquake scenario, inspired by the 1992 Landers earthquake, is simulated that includes curved faults, fault branches and surface topography.
8.1.1 Systems Engineering and the Legal Profession – Revisited

This paper explores some of the similarities of the approaches taken by attorneys to a complex litigation case and those taken by engineers to a complex system development problem. The system development life cycle used in systems engineering has a direct corollary in the process of developing a legal case. Furthermore, the identification of technical, management, and legal risks; mitigation of those risks; and allocation of responsibility for them are of common interest to attorneys and engineering managers. This paper explores how attorneys can best assist engineers in the development process and how engineers can begin to address the problems of the litigation process.