Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density and Mass Distribution of Spiral Galaxy NGC 3198

The density and mass of the spiral galaxy NGC 3198 have been studied as functions of the distance from the center of galaxy depending on its observed rotation curve. Calculation of density and mass at different radii of the galaxy NGC 3198 show that the central inner density ρ1(r) at r < rt (rt is the turn-off radius) is found to be constant ρ1 = 0.387 Mo pc−3, while the density ρ2(r) of the outer region r > rt is much less than the inner region, which varies from 0.0187 Mo pc−3 at r = 4 kpc to 0.00278 Mo pc−3 at r = 30 kpc. On the other hand, the inner mass m1(r) at r < rt grows from 1.33 × 109 Mo at r = 0.1 kpc to a mass of 8.539 × 109 Mo at r = 4 kpc, while the outer mass m2(r) at r ≥ rt changes from 8.539 × 109 Mo at the turn-off radius rt to 5.262 × 1010 Mo at r = 30 kpc of the galaxy. Finally, the behavior of the calculated density and mass is consistent with other works.
Impact of predictor measurement heterogeneity across settings on performance of prediction models: a measurement error perspective

Clinical prediction models have an important role in contemporary medicine. A vital aspect to consider is whether a prediction model is transportable to individuals that were not part of the set in which the prediction model was derived. Transportability of prediction models can be hampered when predictors are measured differently at derivation and (external) validation of the model. This may occur, for instance, when predictors are measured using different protocols or when tests are produced by different manufacturers. Although such heterogeneity in predictor measurement across derivation and validation samples is very common, the impact on the performance of prediction models at external validation is not well-studied. Using analytical and simulation approaches, we examined the external performance of prediction models under different scenarios of heterogeneous predictor measurement. These scenarios were defined and clarified using an established taxonomy of measurement error models. The results of our simulations indicate that predictor measurement heterogeneity induces miscalibration of prediction models and affects discrimination and accuracy at external validation, to extents that predictions in new observations may no longer be clinically useful. The measurement error perspective was found to be helpful in identifying and predicting effects of heterogeneous predictor measurements across settings of derivation, validation and application. Our work indicates that consideration of consistency of measurement procedures across settings is of paramount importance in prediction research.
Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress

: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of vascular endothelial dysfunction. The two major systems generating vascular oxidative stress are the NADPH oxidase and the xanthine oxidase pathways. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has been in clinical use for over 40 years in the treatment of chronic gout. Allopurinol has also been shown to improve endothelial dysfunction, reduce oxidative stress burden and improve myocardial efﬁ ciency by reducing oxygen consumption in smaller mechanistic studies involving various cohorts at risk of cardiovascular events. This article aims to explain the role of xanthine oxidase in vascular oxidative stress and to explore the mechanisms by which allopurinol is thought to improve vascular and myocardial indices.
Network resilience: a systematic approach

The cost of failures within communication networks is significant and will only increase as their reach further extends into the way our society functions. Some aspects of network resilience, such as the application of fault-tolerant systems techniques to optical switching, have been studied and applied to great effect. However, networks - and the Internet in particular - are still vulnerable to malicious attacks, human mistakes such as misconfigurations, and a range of environmental challenges. We argue that this is, in part, due to a lack of a holistic view of the resilience problem, leading to inappropriate and difficult-to-manage solutions. In this article, we present a systematic approach to building resilient networked systems. We first study fundamental elements at the framework level such as metrics, policies, and information sensing mechanisms. Their understanding drives the design of a distributed multilevel architecture that lets the network defend itself against, detect, and dynamically respond to challenges. We then use a concrete case study to show how the framework and mechanisms we have developed can be applied to enhance resilience.
Software testing in the computer science curriculum -- a holistic approach

Although testing accounts for 50% of the cost of software, it receives little treatment in most curricula. This paper presents some approaches to giving all students multiple, incremental exposures to software testing throughout the curriculum. A unifying framework is presented which identifies a minimal set of test experiences, skills and concepts students should accumulate. The holistic approach combines common test experiences in core courses, an elective course in software testing, and volunteer participation in a test laboratory.
Software Metrics: A Survey Conducted within Brazilian IT companies

This paper presents the preliminary results of a field study carried out within 20 IT Brazilian companies, specifically located in Porto Digital-Recife/PE, whose goal was to map how these companies deal with software measurement and estimates activities as well as identify the respondents' perception about the software metrics applicability. The scientific methodology used in this paper was a bibliographic review and a field study. The questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection and the results were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data presented in this paper, represent approximately 72% of the calculated sample for this study. The survey revealed that about 90% of the companies use metrics on their software projects and at least 65% of the companies had unsuccessful history associated to software metrics usage. It was possible to make a list with the types of metrics that are applied by these companies nowadays and it was also possible to identify some factors that can be considered key factors for inefficient use of metrics in software estimation activities. Finally, it was possible to map the respondents’ perception regarding the importance and satisfaction levels of their projects’ metrics. Full Paper PDF: http://www.contecsi. fea.usp. br/envio/11contecsi-files/papers/739/submission/director/739-2458-1-DR.pdf
Serum CTRP3 Levels In Obese Children: A Potential Protective Adipokine Of Obesity, Insulin Sensitivity And Pancreatic β Cell Function

Purpose CTRP3 is a novel peptide that has recently emerged as an important regulatory adipokine of obesity and related metabolic disease. Little is known about its role in children. The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of CTRP3 in obese children and explore its relationships with insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β cell function, and obesity-related markers. Patients and methods We studied the levels of serum CTRP3 in 48 obese and 36 normal weight pre-puberty children. The levels of blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured, and the values of HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and insulinogenic index were calculated. The correlations of these measurements with CTRP3 levels were analyzed. Results In this study, we found that CTRP3 serum levels significantly decreased in obese children compared to controls, and insulin resistant obese subjects have lower CTRP3 levels in contrast with the non-insulin resistant obese subjects. Moreover, serum CTRP3 concentrations significantly decreased, while glucose and insulin concentrations significantly increased after a 3 hrs oral glucose tolerance test in obese children. Furthermore, Serum CTRP3 levels correlated negatively and significantly with BMI, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and insulinogenic index in obese children. Conclusion In summary, serum CTRP3 levels significantly decreased in obese children, and negatively correlated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function indicators. Therefore, CTRP3 may play a protective role in the glucose homeostasis and tightly related to β cell function as well as obesity-related markers in obese children.
Eco-cultural Restoration of the Mesopotamian Marshes, Southern Iraq

If there is hope for restoring the Mesopotamian marshes of southern Iraq and Iran, it lies with two key elements: the indigenous Marsh Arabs and the availability of water. The supply of consistent water is largely a political issue between the various countries within the Tigris-Euphrates watershed. For their part, the Marsh Arabs have a long and intimate connection between a functioning marsh ecosystem and their own cultural identity. This deep bond is expressed well by the Iraqi poet, Dr. Rasheed Bander al-Khayoun
Gli3 controls corpus callosum formation by positioning midline guideposts during telencephalic patterning.

The corpus callosum (CC) is the principal axonal tract responsible for the communication between the two cortical hemispheres and its malformation has been associated with a wide range of cognitive, behavioural and neurological defects. During callosal development, several guide post cells including the midline glia cells and callosal sling neurons are crucial in guiding callosal across the dorsal midline but it remains unknown how these cues acquire their correct position at the corticoseptal boundary (CSB) where callosal axons cross the midline. The Gli3 hypomorphic mouse mutant Polydactyly Nagoja ( Pdn ) shows early patterning defects and lacks the corpus callosum. Transplantation experiments and analysis of a Gli3 conditional mutant demonstrated that midline abnormalities are primarily responsible for the absence of the CC. In fact, the cingulate cortex contains ectopic glial cells which block the path of callosal axons and shows an up-regulation of the axon guidance molecule Slit2 . Positioning of the guidance cues is largely rescued in Pdn/Pdn ; Slit2 -/- double mutants. We further show that these midline abnormalities are caused by an imbalance in Fgf8 and Wnt7b/Wnt8b signalling at the CSB and that up-regulation of Fgf signalling in the rostromedial telencephalon is sufficient to induce agenesis of the CC. Hence, Gli3 controlled patterning processes have an important role in CC formation by organizing midline structures that guide callosal axons across the midline. downregulation of Wnt7b/8b expression in the septum and rostromedial cortex, respectively, and lead to altered expression of the Emx1, Six3 and Nfi transcription factors at the CSB which have essential functions in CC formation. Finally, sprouty1/2 mutants have an up-regulation of Fgf signalling in the rostromedial telencephalon similar to Pdn mutants and display ACC combined with a severe disorganization of the midline glia populations. Taken together, our data demonstrate a hitherto uncharacterized link between early patterning and the positioning and expression of midline guidance cues essential for callosal development.
Evaporation in the Uplands

Part 1 Introduction: Frank Law and the Stocks Reservoir controversy Frank Law's studies the plynlimon catchment results the Plynlimon forest lysimeter the Thetford micrometeorological and soil physical studies. Part 2 Physics and physiology of evaporation: the Dalton equation the "del" approximation and the combination equation the Penman equation physiological resistance - the Penman-Monteith equation. Part 3 The interception process: the rutter interception model the stochastic interception model. Part 4 Further transpiration studies in the uplands. Part 5 Rainfall interception from short vegetation - the "wet surface" lysimeter experiment. Part 6 Gamma - Ray Attenuation studies of rainfall interception from forests. Part 7 Plastic-sheet net-rainfall gauge measurements of forest interception. Part 8 Evaporation from snow covered vegetation. Part 9 Predicting the effects of land use change - evaporation models. Part 10 Implications of upland afforestation - a case study, Crinan canal.
Specific targeting of PDGFRβ in the stroma inhibits growth and angiogenesis in tumors with high PDGF-BB expression

PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling plays an important role during vascularization by mediating pericyte recruitment to the vasculature, promoting the integrity and function of vessels. Until now it has not been possible to assess the specific role of PDGFRβ signaling in tumor progression and angiogenesis due to lack of appropriate animal models and molecular tools. Methods: In the present study, we used a transgenic knock-in mouse strain carrying a silent mutation in the PDGFRβ ATP binding site that allows specific targeting of PDGFRβ using the compound 1-NaPP1. To evaluate the impact of selective PDGFRβ inhibition of stromal cells on tumor growth we investigated four tumor cell lines with no or low PDGFRβ expression, i.e. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), EO771 breast carcinoma, B16 melanoma and a version of B16 that had been engineered to overexpress PDGF-BB (B16/PDGF-BB). Results: We found that specific impairment of PDGFRβ kinase activity by 1-NaPP1 treatment efficiently suppressed growth in tumors with high expression of PDGF-BB, i.e. LLC and B16/PDGF-BB, while the clinically used PDGFRβ kinase inhibitor imatinib did not suppress tumor growth. Notably, tumors with low levels of PDGF-BB, i.e. EO771 and B16, neither responded to 1-NaPP1 nor to imatinib treatment. Inhibition of PDGFRβ by either drug impaired tumor vascularization and also affected pericyte coverage; however, specific targeting of PDGFRβ by 1-NaPP1 resulted in a more pronounced decrease in vessel function with increased vessel apoptosis in high PDGF-BB expressing tumors, compared to treatment with imatinib. In vitro analysis of PDGFRβ ASKA mouse embryo fibroblasts and the mesenchymal progenitor cell line 10T1/2 revealed that PDGF-BB induced NG2 expression, consistent with the in vivo data. Conclusion: Specific targeting of PDGFRβ signaling significantly inhibits tumor progression and angiogenesis depending on PDGF-BB expression. Our data suggest that targeting PDGFRβ in the tumor stroma could have therapeutic value in patients with high tumor PDGF-BB expression.
A TRIPLE BAND POLARIZATION INSENSITIVE ULTRATHIN METAMATERIAL ABSORBER FOR S- C- AND X-BANDS

In this paper, design of a triple band ultrathin compact polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber for S-, Cand X-band applications is proposed. The proposed absorber consists of periodic arrangement of a modified triple circular slot ring resonator as unit cell printed on the top of a continuous metal backed FR-4 dielectric substrate. The proposed absorber is ultrathin having thickness of λ0/135.66 at the lowest absorption center frequency. The measured wide stable absorption bands of 0.40 GHz, 0.45 GHz and 0.47 GHz with absorption peaks of 97%, 96.45% and 98.20% at absorption center frequencies of 2.90 GHz, 4.18 GHz and 9.25 GHz respectively are observed. The temperature profile of absorber is measured by using lock in infrared thermography, and a temperature increase of 1◦C at absorbing frequency as compared to non-absorbing frequency is observed. The absorber is demonstrated to be polarization insensitive to TE and TM polarized angles of incidence of electromagnetic wave with wide angular stability up to 45◦. The absorber is fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber. Experimental results agree well with measured ones.
Analyzing geographic queries

The aim of this study was to analyze the 2001 Excite query log to investigate the extent and variation of Web queries containing geographic terms. In particular, an investigation into what people search for when they use geographic terms, the ways in which they describe a geographic location, the terminology used to find geographically related information and the structure of users’ queries when looking for geographically related information on the Web. This study also attempted to determine how geographically related queries differ from other queries. Geographically related queries formed nearly one fifth of all queries submitted to Excite, the terms occurring most frequently being place names. Geographic queries were also shown to be longer than average and the association of two or more terms within geographic queries was found to be high.
Biomonitoring of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of children at playgrounds within Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Children are more vulnerable to environment pollutants due to their developing nervous system, respiratory system and small size [1-3]. Pollutants of much concern include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) which have been listed as carcinogens, mutagens and toxicity effects. PAH are a group of persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic compound (PBT) and their rate of exposure to children is higher than for adults. Chemically PAHs are a group of over 10,000 compounds made up of two to seven benzene rings usually considered as PBT compounds. There are three classes of PAHs in the environment in terms of their sources, namely biogenic, petrogenic and pyrogenic. It is therefore not surprising that those compounds are ubiquitous in the environment. Exposure pathways are complex and include air, soil, food, toys, shoes, carpets, cars, etc. [2]. Health risk and dietary exposure of PAHs in bread were assessed by Bouwman et al. and Effiong et al. [4,5] who concluded that if not checked these pollutants could constitute a body burden for Nigerians. Also, they determined PAHs in commerBiomonitoring of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in blood and urine of children at playgrounds within Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Modeling sequences and temporal networks with dynamic community structures

Methods for identification of dynamical patterns in networks suffer from effects of arbitrary time scales that need to be imposed a priori. Here we develop a principled method to identify patterns on dynamics that take place on network systems, as well as on the dynamics that shape the network themselves, without requiring the stipulation of relevant time scales, which instead are determined solely from data. Our approach is based on a variable-order hidden Markov chain model that generalizes the stochastic block model for discrete time-series as well as temporal networks, without requiring the aggregation of events into discrete intervals. We formulate an efficient nonparametric Bayesian framework that can infer the most appropriate Markov order and number of communities, based solely on statistical evidence and without overfitting.
Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rifampin Resistance Associated Mutations Using Data From 2 Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra Enables Large-Scale Tuberculosis Molecular Epidemiology Studies

7 Molecular epidemiology studies of tuberculosis have been empowered in recent years by the availability 8 of whole genome sequencing, which has allowed a new focus on the adaptive significance of drug 9 resistance mutations. Genome sequencing technology remains expensive, however, limiting the 10 potential for larger studies. Conversely, during this same time the GeneXpert® molecular diagnostic has 11 been deployed globally and now serves as a cornerstone of tuberculosis diagnosis and drug sensitivity 12 testing. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology , Y. Cao et al. (J Clin Microbiol 57:e00907-19, report the development of an algorithm that can use high- 14 resolution melting temperature data generated in the course of the next generation Xpert® MTB/RIF 15 Ultra assay to accurately genotype rifampin resistance-associated mutations. When paired with a 16 system to aggregate data from diagnostic laboratories, this technique has the potential to enable global- 17 scale studies of the epidemiology of tuberculosis drug resistance.
The Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment Score Is Prognostic of Pancreatitis Severity in Patients With Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if the quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score assessed at and 48 hours after admission is prognostic for alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis (AAP) severity. Methods This is a retrospective cohort review study of 161 patients admitted to a single academic hospital in Houston, TX, with the diagnosis of AAP. Receiver operator characteristics analysis and logistic regression were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic ability of the qSOFA score. Results A qSOFA score of 2 or higher at and 48 hours after admission had a specificity of 94% or greater and sensitivity of 33% or higher for pancreatitis severity and need for intensive care admission, intubation, or vasopressors. The qSOFA score at and 48 hours after admission was prognostic of intensive care unit admission by an adjusted odds ratio of 48.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4–1013.3; P < 0.001) and 18.8 (95% CI, 2.2–467.3; P < 0.05), respectively. The qSOFA score at admission was prognostic of severe pancreatitis by an adjusted odds ratio of 35.3 (95% CI, 7.2–224.3; P < 0.001). Conclusions A qSOFA score of 2 or higher is highly specific and prognostic of multiple clinical outcomes both at and 48 hours after admission in patients with AAP.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Humanized Mice Reveals Glial Cells as Primary Targets of Neurological Infection

Jessica R. Spengler, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention M Kelly Keating, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anita McElroy, Emory University Marko Zivcec, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention JoAnn D Coleman-McCray, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Jessica R. Harmon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Brigid C. Bollweg, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cynthia S Goldsmith, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Eric Bergeron, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention James G. Keck, The Jackson Laboratory
チャイナフリー : 中国製品なしの1年間 = A year without "Made in China" : one family's true life adventure in the global economy

長らく一緒に暮らしてきたけど、今日でお別れ 靴騒動 元気な中国 どこもかしこも中国製 遠慮がちな提案 必要は発明の母 不満が募る夏 赤い潮流 中国の夢 一巻の終わり 中国製品の季節 一年の終わり
Effectiveness of lemon juice and honey in shelf life enhancement of kunun zaki

Kunun zaki, a refreshing non-alcoholic local beverage commonly consumed in Nigeria, has a short shelf life. This study was therefore carried out to determine the abilities of lemon juice and honey to improve the shelf life of the product. Traditionally produced kunun zaki was treated with lemon juice and honey in singles and in combinations at concentrations of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml per 100 ml of kunun zaki. The treated kunun zaki samples together with the control (kunun zaki without preservative) were kept at room temperature (25±2 oC) for a period of five days during which physico-chemical characteristics and sensory qualities of the samples were monitored every 24 hours. Titratable acidity (TA) and pH were observed to increase and decrease respectively as keeping period increased. The observed changes became statistically significant (p< .05) after three days of keeping for most of the samples. At the end of the 5day preservation period, the sample treated with 3 ml of honey recorded the lowest TA of 2.05±0.02 and the highest pH of 5.36±0.04. This sample also was the most accepted in terms of overall acceptability and other sensory parameters. It is concluded that the shelf life of kunun zaki can be improved using appropriate concentrations of lemon juice and honey but especially with honey (3 ml per 100 ml kunun zaki) which was able to preserve the product throughout the five-day period.