Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Single CuxO Nanowires

Copper oxide nanowires (NWs) are promising elements for the realization of a wide range of devices for low-power electronics, gas sensors, and energy storage applications, due to their high aspect ratio, low environmental impact, and cost-effective manufacturing. Here, we report on the electrical and thermal properties of copper oxide NWs synthetized through thermal growth directly on copper foil. Structural characterization revealed that the growth process resulted in the formation of vertically aligned NWs on the Cu growth substrate, while the investigation of chemical composition revealed that the NWs were composed of CuO rather than Cu2O. The electrical characterization of single-NW-based devices, in which single NWs were contacted by Cu electrodes, revealed that the NWs were characterized by a conductivity of 7.6 × 10−2 S∙cm−1. The effect of the metal–insulator interface at the NW–electrode contact was analyzed by comparing characterizations in two-terminal and four-terminal configurations. The effective thermal conductivity of single CuO NWs placed on a substrate was measured using Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM), providing a value of 2.6 W∙m−1∙K−1, and using a simple Finite Difference model, an estimate for the thermal conductivity of the nanowire itself was obtained as 3.1 W∙m−1∙K−1. By shedding new light on the electrical and thermal properties of single CuO NWs, these results can be exploited for the rational design of a wide range of optoelectronic devices based on NWs.
AI Sensor Applications in Edge Computing

Sensors play a key role as transducers, converting physical quantities into digital data for edge computing. This article discusses the application of (AI) sensors in edge computing for real-time decision-making and power consumption re-duction. Conventional sensors tend to overload edge devices with unwanted data such as interference, false alarms, and coupling data, thereby hindering real-time responses. In contrast, AI sensors utilize the data screening technique, which offers a solution by selectively sending only relevant data to edge computing devices. By integrating multiple sensing elements and adaptable algorithms, AI sensors enable real-time decision-making with precise responses and reduce power consumption in a wide range of applications. This article describes the architecture of AI sensors and highlights their advantages over conventional sensors, specifically in current sensor applications. Through simulations, the effectiveness of AI sensors in combining multiple sensing elements and embedded algorithms was demonstrated. The integration of AI sensors and edge computing elevates the capabilities of devices for mission-critical applications.
Understanding overdriving: Human factors considerations in heavy vehicle headlight visibility and stopping distance

Nighttime road fatalities are a significant safety concern in the U.S., especially those involving commercial vehicles. Often an explanation offered involves overdriving headlights, or driving at a speed that does not allow for safe response within the range of the headlights’ visibility. The scientific literature was reviewed to assess the real-world applicability of guidance commonly provided in Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) manuals that advises heavy vehicle drivers to drive at a speed that allows them to be able to stop within the range of the vehicle’s headlights. We conclude that this guidance provided by CDL does not account for the variety of roadway types, driver expectations, and travel speeds, nor a scientific understanding about visual perception and hazard avoidance. It is recommended that further work be conducted to examine real-world application of commercial vehicle driver capabilities and variable roadway types to better inform guidance and recommendations.
Mosquitocidal properties of Oxystelma esculentum (Asclepiadaceae)-Indian medicinal plant tested against Ades aegypti (Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

*Corresponding author: Dr. Kaliyamoorthy Krishnappa, Unit of Entomotoxicity, Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Nandanam, Chennai-600 035, Tamilnadu, India. E-mail: professorkrishnappa@gmail.com Foundation Project: Supported by University Grants Commission (UGC, New Delhi) [(Ref. No. 42-583/2013 (SR)] and Department of Science & Technology-Fast Track Young Scientist Project (DST, New Delhi) (Ref. NO. SB/FT/LS-356/2012).
Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution: Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian of southwest Mongolia

Abstract Five overlapping sections from the thick Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian sediments of western Mongolia were analysed to yield a remarkable carbon-isotope, strontium-isotope and small shellyfossil (SSF) record. Chemostratigraphy suggests that barren limestones of sequences 3 and 4, which lie above the two Maikhan Uul diamictites, are post-Sturtian but pre-Varangerian in age. Limestones and dolomites of sequence 5, with Boxonia grumulosa, have geochemical signatures consistent with a post-Varangerian (Ediacarian) age. A major negative δ13C anomaly (feature ‘W’) in sequence 6 lies a shortdistance above an Anabarites trisulcatus Zone SSF asemblage with hexactinellid sponges, of probable late Ediacarian age. Anomaly ‘W’ provides an anchor point for cross-correlation charts of carbon isotopes and small shelly fossils. Trace fossil assemblages with a distinctly Cambrian character first appear in sequence 8(Purella Zone), at the level of carbon isotopic feature ‘B’, provisionally correlated with the upper part of cycle Z in Siberia. A paradox is found from sequence 10 to 12 in Mongolia: Tommotian-type SSFs continue to appear, accompanied by Nemakit-Daldynian/Tommotian-type 87Sr/86Sr ratios but by increasingly heavyδ13C values that cannot be matched in the Tommotian of eastern Siberia. The steady rate of generic diversification in Mongolia also contrasts markedly with the Tommotian ‘diversity explosion’ in eastern Siberia, which occurs just above a major karstic emergence surface. One explanation is that sequences 10 to 12 in Mongolia preserve a pre-Tommotian portion of the fossil record that was missing or removed in easternSiberia. The Mongolian sections certainly deserve an important place in tracing the true course and timing of the ‘Cambrian radiation’.
Titanium Alloys

Although originally discovered in the 18th century [1], the titanium industry did not experience any significant advancement until the middle of the 20th century through the development of the gas turbine engine [2]. Since then, the aerospace sector has dominated worldwide titanium use with applications in both engines and airframe structures [3]. The highly desirable combination of properties, which include excellent corrosion resistance, favourable strength to weight ratios, and an impressive resistance to fatigue, has led to an extensive range of applications [4], with only high extraction and processing costs still restricting further implementation. Whilst the aerospace industry faces challenges related to increasing operating temperatures and to fully utilise polymer-based composites in future designs [5], innovative solutions, including metal matrix composites and titanium aluminides, provide pathways for future development. Furthermore, improvements in extractive metallurgy and processing methods have made titanium-based alloys more accessible to alternative industrial sectors. Industries currently utilising these materials include sports, biomedical, and marine sectors [6]. As more traditional applications are supplemented by exciting new opportunities, it is clear that extensive research opportunities are likely to exist in the titanium industry for the foreseeable future.
Sharing the wealth: pollen partitioning in a Cucurbita crop pollination system with reference to the wild hoary squash bee.

Cucurbita pepo crops (pumpkin, squash) are entirely dependent upon insect pollinators for reproduction. In Ontario, Canada, their most important pollinator is the hoary squash bee (Eucera pruinosa), a wild ground-nesting, solitary bee whose only source of pollen in the region is Cucurbita crops. As such, in this context, we have a unique opportunity to study pollen partitioning in a cropping system in which a wild bee is the main pollinator. To evaluate pollen partitioning in the system, we measured pollen production by the crop, the pollen lost as waste due to the activities of bees in staminate flowers, pollen loads collected by female squash bees, and the number of pollen grains in fully provisioned hoary squash bee nest cells, and we compared these to the crop’s pollination requirements as reported in the literature. From the perspective of both plant and bee reproduction, about 13% of the pollen produced by staminate acorn squash flowers was wasted, but it may be harvested by other organisms like ants. After waste is accounted for, about 9% of the pollen left is needed for plant reproduction leaving the remaining 91% available for hoary squash bee reproduction. We also evaluated the mass of pollen a female hoary squash bee could carry in a single foraging trip relative to her own body mass (~4%). The information contained here is useful for understanding the relationship between a crop and an oligolectic wild bee species or to set up controlled, field realistic experiments involving the hoary squash bee.
Lower bound plane stress element for modelling 3D structures

In-plane action is often the primary load-carrying mechanism of reinforced concrete structures. The plate bending action will be secondary, and the behaviour of the structure can be modelled with a reasonable accuracy using a generalised three-dimensional plane stress element. In this paper, the formulation of such an element is given and the Mohr–Coulomb and von Mises criteria are presented for second-order cone programming. Three examples of increasing complexity are used to analyse the performance of the element and the convergence rate and to demonstrate the potential of the proposed element.
Deeply subwavelength integrated excitonic van der Waals nanophotonics

The wave nature of light sets a fundamental diffraction limit that challenges conﬁnement and control of light in nanoscale structures with dimensions signiﬁcantly smaller than the wavelength. Here, we study light–matter interaction in van der Waals MoS 2 nanophotonic devices. We show that light can be coupled and guided in structures with dimensions as small as (cid:39) λ/ 16 ( ∼ 60 nm at 1000 nm excitation wavelength), while offering unprecedented optical ﬁeld conﬁnement. This deep subwavelength optical ﬁeld conﬁnement is achieved by exploiting strong lightwave dispersion in MoS 2 . We further study the performance of a range of nanophotonic integrated devices via far-and near-ﬁeld measurements. Our near-ﬁeld measurements reveal detailed imaging of excitation, evolution, and guidance of ﬁelds in nanostructured MoS 2 , whereas our far-ﬁeld study examines light excitation and coupling to highly conﬁned integrated photonics. Nanophotonics at a
Associação entre a distribuição da gordura corporal e os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em crianças de seis a nove anos

Considering that the age group 5-9 years old corresponded to 11% of Brazilians, and the increasing childhood obesity, there are a significant number of individuals in the future are likely to develop cardiometabolic alterations and ultimately , overburden health services, compromising the workforce and raise the cost of public health in the country. Thus, it is of interest to public health establishment of simple measures for early identification of these individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between abdominal fat measures and cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 6 to 9 years in Vitoria, ES. We evaluated the waist circumference (WC), waist to height (WH), the conicity index (CI) and the relationship subscapular and triceps skinfold (RDC). Metabolic Syndrome (MS) components were the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) proposed with cut-off points adjusted for age. We used the model of multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of MS was 2% and 38.4% overweight. The presence of at least one component of the metabolic syndrome was detected in 35.8%. The IC was found to be an independent predictor of early identification of at least one component of MS and WC was predictive of the presence of two or more components of MS, regardless of sex. The evaluation of anthropometric measures of abdominal fat in children may suggest the potential risk of the cardiometabolic alterations preventing cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in Brazil.
of a Web-based Explainable AI Screening

Losing a loved one through death is known to be one of the most challenging life events. To help the bereaved and their therapists monitor and better understand the factors that contribute to Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), we co-designed and studied a web-based explainable AI screening system named ‘‘Grief Inquiries Following Tragedy (GIFT). ’’ We used an initial iteration of the system to collect PGD-related data from 611 participants. Using this data, we developed a model that could be used to screen and explain the different factors contributing to PGD. Our results showed that a Random Forest model using Bereavement risk and outcome features performed best in detecting PGD (AUC=0.772), with features such as a negative intepretation of grief and the ability to integrate stressful life events contributing strongly to the model. Afterwards, ﬁve grief experts were asked to provide feedback on a mock-up of the results generated by the GIFT model, and discuss the potential value of the explanatory AI model in real-world PGD care. Overall, the grief experts were generally receptive towards using such a tool in a clinical setting and acknowledged the beneﬁt of offering a personalized result to the users based on the explainable AI model. Our results also showed that, in addition to the explainability of the model, the grief experts also preferred a more ‘‘empathetic’’ and ‘‘actionable’’ AI system, especially, when designing for patient end-users.
From Generalized Laughter to Personalized Chuckles: Unleashing the Power of Data Fusion in Subjective Humor Detection

The vast area of subjectivity in Natural Language Processing (NLP) poses a challenge to the solutions typically used in generalized tasks. As exploration in the scope of generalized NLP is much more advanced, it implies the tremendous gap that is still to be addressed amongst all feasible tasks where an opinion, taste, or feelings are inherent, thus creating a need for a solution, where a data fusion could take place. We have chosen the task of funniness, as it heavily relies on the sense of humor, which is fundamentally subjective. Our experiments across five personalized and four generalized datasets involving several personalized deep neural architectures have shown that the task of humor detection greatly benefits from the inclusion of personalized data in the training process. We tested five scenarios of training data fusion that focused on either generalized (majority voting) or personalized approaches to humor detection. The best results were obtained for the setup, in which all available personalized datasets were joined to train the personalized reasoning model. It boosted the prediction performance by up to approximately 35% of the macro F1 score. Such a significant gain was observed for all five personalized test sets. At the same time, the impact of the model’s architecture was much less than the personalization itself. It seems that concatenating personalized datasets, even with the cost of normalizing the range of annotations across all datasets, if combined with the personalized models, results in an enormous increase in the performance of humor detection.
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management for Sustainability in Nigeria

Changes have always being part of human history, and man's progress from pre-civilization era has largely dependent upon the ability of human societies to adapt to such changes. However, unprecedented rapid changes in the earth's climate / environment have been witnessed since the post-Second World War. Demographic pressure/ technological progress, more than the natural changes, have either aggravated the natural changes or lead entirely new dimensions of climate/environmental change. Global warming, Ozone depletion, desertification and general environmental degradation are some of the issues causing widespread alarm and constitute the st most topical issue at the onset of the 21 century CE. This paper, therefore, discusses the possible causes and evidences of climate change. It examines the impacts of climate variation on human society especially developing nations. The paper, also, vividly describes vulnerability concepts and some adaptation measures to climate/ environmental change.
Elaboration and characterization of a new Schottky diode based on ZnO/Au/ZnO tri-layered structure

In this paper, we fabricated a new Schottky barrier diode (SBD) design with ZnO/Au/ZnO multilayer architecture by means of RF magnetron sputtering technique. A systematic electrical characterization of the prepared device is conducted. Moreover, an exhaustive study about the influence of the gold layer on the diode characteristics is performed. Interestingly, it was revealed that inserting Au middle layer induces depletion regions at the Au/ZnO interfaces even without the presence of external voltage, leading to dramatically enlarged barrier height of 0.8eV. Consequently, an excellent leakage current down to $10^{-11}$ A was demonstrated. Moreover, we achieved ZnO-SBD with a rectification behavior providing high current ratio exceeding 105and a favorable ideality factor of 2.4. This achievement can be explained by the reduced series resistance of the ZnO/Au/ZnO multilayer as confirmed by electrical analysis. Therefore, the prepared ZnO-SBD based on Au intermediate layer offers enhanced electrical performance, making it markedly suitable for sensing and microelectronic applications.
Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science

In this paper, the approximation methods are used to solve optimal control problem (OCP), two techniques for state parameterization and control parameterization have been considered with the aid of Scaling Polynomials (SBP) represent a new important technique for solving (OCP’s). The algorithms were illustrated by several numerical examples using Matlab program. The results were evaluated and graphed to show the accuracy of the methods
Cardiac adaptations to high-intensity aerobic training in premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women The

Background— We examined the role of menopause on cardiac dimensions and function and assessed the ef ﬁ cacy of exercise training before and after menopause. Methods and Results— Two groups of healthy premenopausal (n = 36, 49.4 (cid:1) 0.3 years) and postmenopausal (n = 37, 53.5 (cid:1) 0.5 years) women with no history of cardiovascular disease and with a mean age difference between groups of only 4 years were studied. Cardiac dimensions and systolic and diastolic function were determined by transthoracic echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging and 2-dimensional speckle tracking. Measurements were performed at baseline and after a 12-week period of high-intensity aerobic cycle training. LV internal diastolic diameter and LV mass were similar in the 2 groups at baseline and increased by (cid:3) 2% to 8% ( P = 0.04 – 0.0007) with training in both groups. Left atrial end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were similar for both groups and increased by 23% to 36% ( P= 0.0006 – 0.0001) with training. Systolic function assessed by mean global strain was similar in both groups at baseline and increased by (cid:3) 8% ( P = 0.0004) with training in the postmenopausal group. LV displacement increased by (cid:3) 3% ( P = 0.04) in the premenopausal women only. Diastolic function assessed by E/A ratio was similar at baseline and increased by (cid:3) 7% ( P = 0.01) in the premenopausal group and 11% ( P = 0.0001) in the postmenopausal
THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA

Cooperative societies are a major source of financial assistance to the poor. Their activities are controlled by their members who actively participate in the decision-making process of the society. This study examined the roles played by cooperative societies in alleviating the sufferings of the poor. Twenty (20) cooperative societies in Kaduna and its environs were sampled for the studies. Questionnaires were administered while interviews were conducted to clarify information earlier obtained. The study found that bad leadership practice has negative impact on the cooperative societies abilities to extend credit to members. The study also found that many poor in the society have found joy in their various cooperative societies through access to financial services at low interest rate. The study recommends stiff penalties on management of cooperatives found involved in fraudulent activities.
Using photography to study the conservation biology of bottlenose dolphins in southern New Zealand

Photography is a key tool in conservation science and has numerous applications. In the present study, photography and photogrammetry are used to provide new abundance estimates for the populations of Doubtful and Dusky Sounds, and to determine potential causes of the dramatic variation in reproductive success of females in Doubtful Sound. Additionally, this thesis aims to document the presence of an unstudied population of bottlenose in the Stewart Island area. Mark-recapture analyses of photo-ID data show that bottlenose dolphin abundance in Doubtful and Dusky Sounds for 2012 were 61 (CV=0.5%) and 116 (CV=0.2%) respectively. Both populations underwent a decline between 2011 and 2012, and have a history of previous declines. To aid our understanding of the causes of these declines, a stereo-photogrammetric system was built, and calibrated, to measure dolphins in the field. Repeated measurements of all individuals within the population of Doubtful Sound produced a mean CV of 2.43%. Analysis of a range of factors potentially influencing calf survival showed that survival to 1 year depended primarily on being born at the optimum time (January). Survival to 3 years was predicted by the size of the mother (larger=higher calf survival) and the sea water temperature at birth (warmer=higher calf survival). Frequent reports of sightings suggested the presence of a previously unstudied population inhabiting the south-coast coast of the South Island. Surveys of Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island resulted in an abundance estimate of 18 (95%CI= 15-20) regular users of the area. Results from this thesis indicate that the Fiordland populations are still vulnerable to population decline, and provide insight on why this is so. The repeated observation of dolphins at Stewart Island provides new information as to the distribution and abundance of this threatened species in NZ waters.
Supporting multicriteria

The paper deals with decisions made by a decision maker using technical analysis on the Forex market. For a number of currency pairs on the mar ket a decision maker obtains buy or sell signals from transaction systems on the basis of technical analysis indicators. The signal is generated only when assumed conditions are satisfied for a given indicator. The information characterizing every market situation and presented to the decision maker is twofold. He obtains a respective signal or no. In this paper a fuzzy, multicriteria approach is proposed to extend and valu ate information for analysis of the market situation. The traditional approach with binary characterization of the market situations, considered as a crispy case, is replaced by a fuzzy approach. In the last case the strict conditions for which the crisp signal was generated are fuzzy. Efficiency of a given currency