Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Minimally Invasive Internal Arch Nailing Surgery on Tissue Traumatic Stress Response in Patients with Vertebral Fractures

Objective To analyze the influence of minimally invasive arch root nailing internal fixation surgery on tissue traumatic stress response in patients with vertebral fractures and explore the advantages of this treatment. Methods One hundred and thirty-six patients with vertebral fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups based on the treatment method: the control group was treated with open arch root nail internal fixation surgery and the study group was treated with minimally invasive arch root nail internal fixation. The lumbar spine function, ODI, VAS, JOA score, complications, inflammation, and stress response were compared between the two groups. Results After the operation, the ratio of intervertebral space and anterior edge height increased, and the Cobb angle decreased in both groups; the surgical incision, hospital stay, and operation time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group, and the intraoperative drainage volume and intraoperative blood loss were smaller than those in the control group (P < 0.05); before surgery, there was no significant difference in ODI and VAS scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After surgery, the ODI and VAS scores in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the JOA score was significantly increased; complications occurred in the control group and the study. The incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); after surgery, compared with the control group, the serum TNF-α, CRP levels, and stress response indexes of the study group decreased more significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation has high safety and obvious advantages. The patient's stress response index and pain level are low, and it will not cause obvious damage to the patient. The postoperative lumbar spine function is significantly improved, which is beneficial to the patient's postoperative recovery. It is easy to operate, will not damage the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae significantly, and the fluoroscopy time is relatively short, and it has a good recovery effect. Therefore, minimally invasive internal arch nailing surgery can be used as the preferred treatment for patients with vertebral fractures.
ACCRETION AND EVOLUTION OF ∼2.5 M⊕ PLANETS WITH VOLUMINOUS H/He ENVELOPES

Formation of planets in the Neptune size range with low-mass, but voluminous, H2/He gaseous envelopes is modeled by detailed numerical simulations according to the core-nucleated accretion scenario. Formation locations ranging from 0.5 to 4 AU from a star of 1 M☉ are considered. The final planets have heavy-element cores of 2.2–2.5 M⊕ and envelopes in the range 0.037–0.16 M⊕. After the formation process, which lasts 2 Myr or less, the planets evolve at constant mass up to an age of several Gyr. For assumed equilibrium temperatures of 250, 500, and 1000 K, their calculated final radii are compared with those observed by the Kepler spacecraft. For the particular case of Kepler-11 f, we address the question whether it could have formed in situ or whether migration from a formation location farther out in the disk is required.
Renormalization of Hamiltonians in the Light-Front Fock Space

We outline an ultraviolet renormalization procedure for hamiltonians acting in the light-front Fock space. The hamiltonians are defined and calculated using creation and annihilation operators with no limitation of the space of states. Both, the regularization of the initial hamiltonian and the definition of the renormalized effective hamiltonians, preserve the light-front frame kinematical symmetries. The general equations for the effective hamiltonians are illustrated by second order calculations of the self-energy and two-particle interaction terms in Yukawa theory, QED and QCD. Infrared singularities are regulated but not renormalized.
Facial Emotion Recognition in Verbal Communication Based on Deep Learning

Facial emotion recognition from facial images is considered a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of human facial expressions. The current literature on emotion classification has achieved high performance over deep learning (DL)-based models. However, the issue of performance degradation occurs in these models due to the poor selection of layers in the convolutional neural network (CNN) model. To address this issue, we propose an efficient DL technique using a CNN model to classify emotions from facial images. The proposed algorithm is an improved network architecture of its kind developed to process aggregated expressions produced by the Viola–Jones (VJ) face detector. The internal architecture of the proposed model was finalised after performing a set of experiments to determine the optimal model. The results of this work were generated through subjective and objective performance. An analysis of the results presented herein establishes the reliability of each type of emotion, along with its intensity and classification. The proposed model is benchmarked against state-of-the-art techniques and evaluated on the FER-2013, CK+, and KDEF datasets. The utility of these findings lies in their application by law-enforcing bodies in smart cities.
Omni-Channel Retailing Research – State of the art and intellectual foundation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify, evaluate and structure the research that focusses on omni-channel retailing from the perspective of logistics and supply chain management; and to reveal the intellectual foundation of omni-channel retailing research. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a multi-method approach by conducting a content-analysis-based literature review of 70 academic papers. Based on the reference lists of these papers, the authors performed a citation and co-citation analysis based on the 34 most frequently cited papers. This analysis included multidimensional scaling, a cluster analysis and factor analysis. Findings The study reveals the limited consideration of logistics and supply chain management literature in the foundation of the omni-channel retailing research. Further, the authors see a dominance of empirical research as compared to conceptual and analytical research. Overall, there is a focus on the Western retail context in this research field. The intellectual foundation is embedded in the marketing discipline and can be characterised as lacking a robust theoretical foundation. Originality/value The contribution of this research is identifying, evaluating and structuring the literature of omni-channel research and providing an overview of the state of the art of this research area considering its interdisciplinary nature. This paper thus supports researchers looking to holistically comprehend, prioritise and use the underpinning literature central to the phenomena of omni-channel retailing. For practitioners and academics alike, the findings can trigger and support future research and an evolving understanding of omni-channel retailing.
Approval Motive as an Interactive Predictor of Mental Health

The desire to be socially approved is a very common desire found in every individual and drives the individual to behave in socially approved manner and to be health. In present study, Approval Motive Scale (AMS; Tripathy and Tripathy, 1988) and Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ; Shrivastava and Bhat, 1981) were administered on a sample which consisted of 100 adolescents (50 boys and 50 girls) of 15 to 21 years of age range. Results indicated statistically significant difference in adolescents on approval motives, free floating anxiety, phobia, somatic complaints, depression and overall M. H. Q. The findings of the study also show that approval motives is negatively related with overall M. H. Q. and its dimension viz. free floating anxiety, obsession- compulsion, phobia, somatic complaints, depression and hysteria.
A Double Threshold Energy Detection-Based Neural Network for Cognitive Radio Networks

In cognitive radio networks (CoR), the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing is improved by reducing the overall error rate or maximizing the detection probability. Several optimization methods are usually used to optimize the number of user-chosen for cooperation and the threshold selection. However, these methods do not take into account the effect of sample size and its effect on improving CoR performance. In general, a large sample size results in more reliable detection, but takes longer sensing time and increases complexity. Thus, the locally sensed sample size is an optimization problem. Therefore, optimizing the local sample size for each cognitive user helps to improve CoR performance. In this study, two new methods are proposed to find the optimum sample size to achieve objective-based improved (single/double) threshold energy detection, these methods are the optimum sample size N* and neural networks (NN) optimization. Through the evaluation, it was found that the proposed methods outperform the traditional sample size selection in terms of the total error rate, detection probability, and throughput.
Prevalence of Hypertension in the Philippines in the Year 2050: Confronting a Major Challenge

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in the Philippines has continuously increased in the past 22 years or more than two decades (from 1993 to 2015), with increased related deaths due to ischemic heart disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease. Objective: The study aimed to project the prevalence of hypertension in the next three decades (by the year 2050) and the overall disease burden it may impose on the country. Methods: We utilized data from the 2018 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and the Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA) to project the prevalence of hypertension in the next three decades. A spline regression, which utilizes a non-linear regression technique, estimated the missing data sets in the hypertension prevalence by age and sex in a study conducted from 1993 to 2018. Factors predicting the share of deaths caused by hypertension included variables such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease. Post-hoc power analyses generated a large effect size (f2: 5.135) and high power (1.0) at an alpha level of 0.05. Findings: Hypertension prevalence will remain high at 23%, with a 28% increase in the number of cases (24.28 million to 33.82 million) by 2050, given the population projection (101.60 million in 2015 to 142.10 million in 2050) and seriously affecting extremes of ages (the early 20s and 80s). In addition, actual number of deaths related to hypertension will increase more than double from 90,000 in 2015 to 210,000 due to ischemic heart disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease. Interpretation: These findings demonstrate a significant increase in disease burden due to hypertension in the Philippines in the next three decades and possibly pose a significant public health challenge. Aggressive preventive and health-promoting efforts must be carried out to stem the tide of hypertensive cardiovascular disease in the country.
Influence of Fluoroethylene Carbonate in the Composition of an Aprotic Electrolyte on the Electrochemical Characteristics of LIB’s Anodes Based on Carbonized Nanosilicon

Here, we study an effect of FEC addition to TC-E918 electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of Si/C negative electrodes. The anodes were fabricated from nanosilicon powder coated with a carbon shell by means of a standard slurry technique. The low-temperature reduction of fluorocarbon on the surface of Si nanoparticles was used to form the shell. It was shown that the presence of FEC in the electrolyte increases the cyclic stability of the electrodes and maintains a 1.5-fold higher discharge capacity during 300 cycles. Impedance measurements were used to study changes in the electrode parameters during long-term cycling with and without FEC additives.
Recent Advances in Nano-Formulations for Skin Wound Repair Applications

Abstract Skin injuries caused by accidents and acute or chronic diseases place a heavy burden on patients and health care systems. Current treatments mainly depend on preventing infection, debridement, and hemostasis and on supplementing growth factors, but patients will still have scar tissue proliferation or difficulty healing and other problems after treatment. Conventional treatment usually focuses on a single factor or process of wound repair and often ignores the influence of the wound pathological microenvironment on the final healing effect. Therefore, it is of substantial research value to develop multifunctional therapeutic methods that can actively regulate the wound microenvironment and reduce the oxidative stress level at the wound site to promote the repair of skin wounds. In recent years, various bioactive nanomaterials have shown great potential in tissue repair and regeneration due to their properties, including their unique surface interface effect, small size effect, enzyme activity and quantum effect. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying skin wound repair and the defects in traditional treatment methods. We focus on analyzing the advantages of different types of nanomaterials and comment on their toxicity and side effects when used for skin wound repair.
The Theories and Methods of Military Operations Research in BD&AI Era

With the development of science and technology, human beings have entered the era of big data and artificial intelligence. How to play the role of fundamental subject has become a topic of concern in military operations research. In this paper, based on the changes of key element in the command and decision-making process derived by AI technology, the new characteristics of military operations research are analyzed, the new changes of the military operations research mechanisms are expounded, and the challenges faced by the operational core algorithm are pointed out. As a result, some suggestions military operations planning, command decision-making will be put forward in the future. Keywords—military operations; AI; mechanism; algorithm; theories and methods
Effects of low lactose mare's milk yogurt consumption on gut microbiota function

Background: This study shows that the intake of low-lactose yogurt with the addition of mare's milk can affect the composition, biodiversity, and functional potential of the intestinal microflora.Purpose of the study: To study the effect of low-lactose drinking yogurt from a combination of mare's and cow's milk on the composition and functional repertoire of the fecal microbiota of rats.Methods: The study of the effect of low-lactose drinking yogurt from a combination of mare's and cow's milk on the intestinal microflora was carried out by dietary intervention for 4 weeks. Changes in the fecal microbiota were determined using V1-V3 sequencing of the hypervariable target region of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional prediction was carried out on the basis of the taxonomic structure of the amplicon sequence.Results: The results demonstrated a decrease in overall biodiversity both within the samples and between groups of animals. Discriminatory analysis revealed an increase in the relative content of Ruminococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, indeterminate taxon at phylum level, Prevotellaceae and a decrease in Helicobacteraceae, Eubacteriumcoprostanoligenes group, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae. In addition, changes in the microbial structure also affected the predicted functional repertoire of the gut microbiota.Conclusion: These results demonstrate the consumption of low-lactose drinking yogurt from a combination of mare's and cow's milk, for a short time, can affect the composition and functional repertoire of the fecal microbiota. Keywords: Gut microbiome, rats, low-lactose yogurt, microbial diversity, functional repertoire.
Camera-Derived Photoplethysmography (rPPG) and Speckle Plethysmography (rSPG): Comparing Reflective and Transmissive Mode at Various Integration Times Using LEDs and Lasers

Background: Although both speckle plethysmography (SPG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) examine pulsatile changes in the vasculature using opto-electronics, PPG has a long history, whereas SPG is relatively new and less explored. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of integration time and light-source coherence on signal quality and waveform morphology for reflective and transmissive rSPG and rPPG. Methods: (A) Using time-domain multiplexing, we illuminated 10 human index fingers with pulsed lasers versus LEDs (both at 639 and 850 nm), in transmissive versus reflective mode. A synchronized camera (Basler acA2000-340 km, 25 cm distance, 200 fps) captured and demultiplexed four video channels (50 fps/channel) in four stages defined by illumination mode. From all video channels, we derived rPPG and rSPG, and applied a signal quality index (SQI, scale: Good > 0.95; Medium 0.95–0.85; Low 0.85–0.8; Negligible < 0.8); (B) For transmission videos only, we additionally calculated the intensity threshold area (ITA), as the area of the imaging exceeding a certain intensity value and used linear regression analysis to understand unexpected similarities between rPPG and rSPG. Results: All mean SQI-values. Reflective mode: Laser-rSPG > 0.965, LED-rSPG < 0.78, rPPG < 0.845. Transmissive mode: 0.853–0.989 for rSPG and rPPG at all illumination settings. Coherent mode: Reflective rSPG > 0.951, reflective rPPG < 0.740, transmissive rSPG and rPPG 0.990–0.898. Incoherent mode: Reflective all <0.798 and transmissive all 0.92–0.987. Linear regressions revealed similar R2 values of rPPG with rSPG (R2 = 0.99) and ITA (R2 = 0.98); Discussion: Laser-rSPG and LED-rPPG produced different waveforms in reflection, but not in transmission. We created the concept of ITA to investigate this behavior. Conclusions: Reflective Laser-SPG truly originated from coherence. Transmissive Laser-rSPG showed a loss of speckles, accompanied by waveform changes towards rPPG. Diffuse spatial intensity modulation polluted spatial-mode SPG.
Broad-Band Equivalent Circuit of Grid-Grounding System Considering Frequency Dependence of Electrical Parameters of Soil through Modified Vector Fitting Method

In this paper, wide band circuit model based on modified vector fitting method are proposed for the grid-grounding system. At first, the input impedance of the grid-grounding system in the frequency domain is computed by accurate methods such as the method of moments (MoM). The circuit models are then achieved through converting input impedance of the problem to rational functions via modified vector fitting method. These functions are formed in such a way that at first a set of starting poles in the frequency range of interest are chosen, and then the exact locations of poles are found via an iteration process by least square method. Finally, these rational functions are converted to equivalent circuits in time domain and then imported into EMTP software for modeling the ground system so that transient voltage of overhead lines subjected by lightning strikes is also efficiently evaluated.
Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of novel RIPK2 inhibitors.

The NOD1/2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1/2) signaling pathways are involved in innate immune control and host defense. NOD dysfunction can result in a variety of autoimmune disorders. NOD-induced generation of inflammatory cytokines is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), which has been considered as a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we disclose the design, synthesis, and SAR study of a series of RIPK2 inhibitors. The lead compound 17 displayed a high affinity for RIPK2 (Kd = 5.9 nM) and was capable of inhibiting RIPK2 kinase function in an ADP-Glo assay. In vitro DMPK studies showed that compound 17 had good metabolic stability and no CYP inhibition. Compound 17 effectively suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in both cells and animal model.
Biphenyl Backbone-Based (Bis)Urea and (Bis)Thiourea Derivatives as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents and Evaluation of Docking Studies and ADME Properties

Abstract In the present study, a new series of (bis)ureas 11(a–f) and (bis)thioureas 13(a–f) of 3,3'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine dihydrochloride (9) has been synthesized. This precursor intermediate 9 in high yields was preparedfrom the commercial starting material, 4,4'-dinitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-diol (7) by following the chemical transformations such as methylation of hydroxyl groups and reduction of nitro to an amine functionality. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated to screen for their biological significance. Antimicrobial activity screening results against four bacteria and two fungi unveiled that a few compounds, 11 b/13b, 11e/13e, and 11d (MIC 3.125 − 6.25 µg/ml) against all the tested bacterial strains and compound 11d against Cladosporium species (MIC 3.125 µg/ml) having potential activity. Especially, (bis)urea compounds 11a, 11 b, and 11e, and (bis)thiourea compounds 13a, 13d, and 13f (MIC 3.125 µg/ml) are proved the comparable activity with standard, cefixime (MIC 3.125 µg/ml) against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, a few compounds 11c/13c, 13d, and 11e/13e were found, by using DPPH and FRAP methods, to exhibit a good antioxidant activity (IC50 range 25.0–32.5 µg/ml). The synthesized compounds were docked well in the active site of an enzyme, DNA Gyrase A, and the predictions of in silico-ADME and pharmacokinetic parameters suggest that the compounds have good oral bioavailability. The results demonstrate that this class of compounds has an expedient scope to use as antibacterial and antioxidant agents upon further development.
Potential of offshore wind energy for direct air capture

The world is setting aggressive targets for climate change mitigation and most pathway models require negative emission technologies (NETs) to meet these targets. Direct air capture (DAC) is a promising NET that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmospheric air; however, indirect and embodied emissions to power and build DAC systems must be considered when exploring NET options. Wind energy has experienced rapid cost reductions in the past few years and experts predict a significant continued decline in offshore wind energy costs. Here, we develop a conceptual design and conduct an energy assessment of two dominating DAC designs to show the potential of offshore wind to meet the DAC energy demand for two different scenarios capturing 3.3 GtCO2/y (10%) and 11 GtCO2/y (33.3%) of current global CO2 emissions covering a range of estimates for future NETs required to meet net‐zero goals. Energy assessment showed that the estimated energy requirement for the Carbon Engineering based design is higher as compared with Climeworks based design owing to the high temperature (900°C) requirement in the calcination step required for the desorption of CO2. However, conceptual design revealed that area requirements for DAC configurations are much less for Carbon Engineering based design comparatively. Employing offshore wind energy can eliminate indirect emissions associated with meeting DAC energy demands, facilitative modular NET deployment globally, be positioned geographically to avoid competition with grid decarbonization and take advantage of otherwise stranded offshore wind resources. Large‐scale offshore wind energy integrated DAC systems, therefore, deserve development efforts and deployment alongside other mitigation and NET options.