Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The C4-pathway of photosynthesis. Evidence for an intermediate pool of carbon dioxide and the identity of the donor C4-dicarboxylic acid

: 1. Leaves were exposed to (14)CO(2) under steady-state conditions for photosynthesis. The kinetics of entry or loss of label in pools of CO(2) and other compounds was examined during the period of the pulse and a ;chase' with (12)CO(2). 2. With maize the kinetics of labelling of the major CO(2) pool and of depletion of label during a ;chase' was consistent with this pool being derived from the C-4 of malate and being the precursor of the C-1 of 3-phosphoglycerate. 3. Similar results were obtained for Amaranthus leaves except that the C-4 of aspartate rather than malate was apparently the primary source of CO(2). 4. The size and turnover time of the CO(2) and C(4) acid pools was calculated. These results provided the basis for estimating the concentration of CO(2) in the bundle-sheath cells or chloroplasts assuming the pool was largely restricted to one or other of these compartments. 5. These findings are considered in relation to current schemes for the C(4)-pathway and the operation of a CO(2) concentrating mechanism to serve ribulose diphosphate carboxylase.
Endocrine and Uterine Activity Rhythms in the Perinatal Period

Preterm labor and delivery, with their associated excessive morbidity and mortality, continue to be a major health problem. Annually in the United States alone, approximately 1 in 12 births occurs prematurely. Further, these premature newborns account for about 75% of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Post-date pregnancy is also a notable problem. Despite significant advances in recent years, our knowledge of the physiologic, endocrine, and molecular events that initiate labor is still incomplete. An understanding of the precise role of the factors involved in this process is imperative. Consequently, it is not until we understand the normal process that we will be able to effectively prevent or treat premature labor and delivery. As part of our efforts to understand the process of parturition, it has become evident that there is a relatively precise timing of the events that precede delivery. Due to obvious ethical considerations, human experimentation is extremely limited. The majority of data regarding the factors that affect the timing of parturition are from animal studies, including rodents and sheep. These studies have focused on a wide range of endocrine, physiologic, and behavioral patterns that are repetitive and predictable, i.e., rhythms. This article focuses on endocrine rhythms in the human and nonhuman primate, with specific emphasis on their role in the physiologic events leading to parturition. DEFINITION OF TERMS
CERATANGULA GEN. NOV. IS PROPOSED TOGETHER WITH A DISCUSSION ON THE GENERA CERATAULUS, EUPODISCUS, AMPHITETRAS, AMPHIPENTAS AND DIOMMATETRAS

Cerataulus subangulatus Grove & Sturt and Biddulphia suborbiculata Long, Fuge & Smith have been placed in a new genus Ceratangula P.A. Sims following the observations of A. Schmidt (1888, 1890) and Long, Fuge & Smith (1946). Ceratangula is a genus with a roundly triangular valve face, three large submarginal ocelli positioned off the valve angles, an internal raised triangular area with its angles situated midway between the ocelli and, positioned within these angles, 2–3 long stout spines the external openings of rimoportulae. Cerataulus subangulatus is from the late Eocene of Oamaru, New Zealand and Biddulphia suborbiculata from the late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian of the Moreno Shale, California. Observations on the genera Amphitetras Ehrenb. , Amphipentas Ehrenb. and Diommatetras Komura are included and an evolutionary line suggested.
Chronic Diseases and Associated Factors among Older Adults in Loja, Ecuador

(1) Background: This study aimed to explore the symptoms, functional status, and depression in patients with chronic diseases in Loja, Ecuador. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with patients over 60 years old having at least one chronic disease and cared for in healthcare centers of the Health Ministry of Ecuador or living in associated geriatric centers. (3) Results: The sample comprised 283 patients with a mean age of 76.56 (SD 7.76) years. The most prevalent chronic diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, followed by arterial hypertension and diabetes. Patients with a joint disease had the worst scores for the majority of the symptoms assessed with the Edmonton Scale. Cancer, dementia, and arterial hypertension contributed the most to the dependence levels assessed with the Barthel Index. Dementia contributed the most to the poor performance status evaluated with the Karnofsky Performance Status. Cancer and diabetes contributed the most to depression. Patients with a higher number of chronic diseases reported worse functional status. (4) Conclusions: Targeted interventions to address symptoms, functional status, and depression in patients with chronic diseases are needed.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ARE NOT IMPLICATED IN THE DECLINE OF THE LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE

Abstract I compared pesticide levels in the eggs of Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) collected from Illinois in 1995–1996 with those reported for the state in 1971–1972. Pesticides were detected in 19 of 21 (90%) eggs from 1995–1996. DDE was the most frequently detected pesticide, occurring in 17 of 21 eggs. DDT was the second most frequent pesticide detected and was found in nine eggs. Mean DDE levels in shrike eggs from 1995–1996 were 79% lower than in eggs from 1971–1972. Unlike most bird species for which pesticide levels are known to have been reduced (whose populations have tended to increase), Loggerhead Shrike populations have declined during the period in which pesticide levels within their eggs has been reduced. These data suggest that organochlorine pesticides are likely not driving current Loggerhead Shrike declines in Illinois. Los Pesticidas Organoclorados no Están Implicados en la Disminución de Lanius ludovicianus Resumen. Comparé los niveles de pesticidas en huevos de Lanius ludovicianus colectados en Illinois entre 1995 y 1996 con los niveles de pesticidas reportados para el estado entre 1971 y 1972. Se detectaron pesticidas en 19 de 21 huevos (90%) entre 1995 y 1996. El pesticida detectado con mayor frecuencia fue DDE, el cual se detectó en 17 de 21 huevos. DDT fue el insecticida detectado con la segundo mayor frecuencia, y fue encontrado en nueve huevos. Los niveles medios de DDE encontrados en los huevos de 1994– 1996 fueron un 79% más bajos que en huevos de 1971–1972. A diferencia de la mayoría de las especies de aves para las cuales se sabe que los niveles de pesticidas se han reducido (cuyas poblaciones han tendido a aumentar), las poblaciones de L. ludovicianus han disminuido durante el período en que los niveles de pesticidas hallados dentro de sus huevos han sido reducidos. Estos datos sugieren que probablemente los pesticidas organoclorados no están causando la disminución actual de las poblaciones de L. ludovicianus.
Modeling Traffic Workloads in Data-center Network Simulation Tools

POSTER PAPER Data-centers are commonly used by most important cloud providers worldwide in order to provide storage and computing resources, and, based on these resources, advanced IT services and applications. With the expected explosion of data in the next few years, Data-centers will require new architectures to cope with the new requirements of applications and users. One of the crucial subsystems within the Data-center architecture that must evolve accordingly to the new requirements is the interconnection network or Data-center network (DCN). The DCN performance (basically, high communication bandwidth and low latency) must be guaranteed, otherwise the DCN becoming the system bottleneck. There are several key issues that DCN designers must make decisions on, such as the network topology, routing algorithm, congestion management, etc. An important aspect that impacts on the DCN design are the network communication patterns generated by applications and services. In that sense, an accurate modeling of these traffic workloads would help network designers to make better decisions. In this paper, we present an analysis of the few available studies on traffic modeling for DCNs, in order to gather a set of parameters that define the behaviour of common traffic workloads. Based on these parameters, we have implemented a synthetic DCN traffic generator, which has been included in our simulation framework in order to feed the network with the inferred traffic workloads. We have conducted extensive simulations to test the impact of the parameter variation on the network performance. From the obtained results, we can conclude that the destination distribution is crucial for the network performance. Higher oversubscription of destinations generates incast scenarios that lead to congestion situations and head-of-line blocking, affecting other flows that do not contribute to the incast situation and so spoiling the network performance.
Assessing the role of LRRTMs in synapse development and function

ii Preface . iv Table of Contents . v List of Figures . viii Abbreviations . x Acknowledgements . xiii Dedication . xiv Chapter 1. Introduction . 1 1.1 The CNS Synapse . 1 1.1.1 Synapse Structure . 2 1.1.2 Dendritic Spines . 3 1.2 Hippocampus . 4 1.3 Synaptogenesis . 7 1.4 Cell Adhesion Molecules . 8 1.4. 1 Network Of Neuroligins, Neurexins And LRRTMs . 9 1.5 LRRTMs . 12 1.5. 1 LRRTM1 And 2 . 17 1.5. 2 LRRTM4 . 22 1.6 HSPGs . 23 1.6. 1 Glypicans . 24 1.6. 2 Syndecans . 25
Cytological Studies of Some Vigna (L.) Walp. Species

Abstract Cytological studies were carried out on twenty-five accessions of six species of Vigna in order to assess their genetic relationships. The accessions composed of 6 accessions of V. unguiculata, ten accessions of V. vexillata, four accessions of V. luteola, one accession of V. ambacensis, two accessions of V. oblongifolia, and two accessions of V. racemosa. Somatic chromosome counts of 2n=22 were made for all the Vigna accessions studied and meiosis was observed to be regular in all the accessions with formation of eleven bivalents. The pollen studies revealed that all the accessions produced highly fertile pollen grains, which is the direct effect of regular meiosis observed in all the accessions. The mitotic metaphase chromosomes are very small and are largely metacentrics or submetacentrics. The study indicated that the karyotype number would not itself contribute to genetic incompatibility in interspecific crosses.
Degenerative axonopathy associated with copper deficiency in pigs

Olinda R.G. , Maia L.A. , Frade M.T. S. , Soares M.P., Barros S.S. , Driemeier D. , Riet-Correa F. & Dantas A.F. M. 2017. Degenerative axonopathy associated with copper deficiency in pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(9):911-915. Programa de Pós-Graduação, em Medicina Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universi dade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: rgumes@hotmail.com The epidemiological, clinic and morphological (pathological and ultrastructural) aspects of four outbreaks of copper deficiency affecting 21to 90-day-old pigs in the Northeast region of Brazil are reported. Clinical signs began with paraparesis and ataxia and progressed to flaccid or spastic paralysis of the pelvic and thoracic limbs, followed by sternal and/or lateral recumbence. In addition, some animals showed dog-sitting position and intention tremors. The clinical manifestation period was 5-20 days. Significant gross lesions were not observed; however, microscopically, symmetrical degeneration of the white matter with ballooned myelin sheaths containing occasional macrophages was observed, mainly in the spinal cord. Two pigs presented with necrosis ad loss of Purkinje cells and ectopic Purkinje cells in the granular layer and cerebellar white matter. A ultrastructural analysis showed different degrees of damage of myelinated axons in the spinal segments, including an absence of the axoplasm structures with only axonal residues remaining. The myelin sheaths were degenerated and often collapsed into the space previously occupied by the axon. These results suggest that myelin degeneration is secondary to the axonal lesion. Finally, the concentration of copper in the liver was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and was found to be low (ranging from 2.2 to 10.8 ppm). In conclusion, in the Brazilian semiarid region, Cu deficiency occurs in 21 to 90-day-old pigs that ingested different types of waste in their food.
Timing of fungal spore release dictates survival during atmospheric transport

Significance Fungi move between habitats by dispersing small spores through the atmosphere. We ask what causes some species to release spores at a specific time every day versus irregularly. We find that timing of spore release dictates how long spores remain in the atmosphere before returning to the ground: Spores released at night are likely to travel for hours while spores released during the day may linger for days. Drivers are stronger in lower, warmer latitudes. Because spores in the open atmosphere are likely to die from prolonged exposure to light and air, the timing of spore release will impact survival. We have discovered a constraint likely to shape observed patterns of spore liberation. Fungi disperse spores to move across landscapes and spore liberation takes different patterns. Many species release spores intermittently; others release spores at specific times of day. Despite intriguing evidence of periodicity, why (and if) the timing of spore release would matter to a fungus remains an open question. Here we use state-of-the-art numerical simulations of atmospheric transport and meteorological data to follow the trajectory of many spores in the atmosphere at different times of day, seasons, and locations across North America. While individual spores follow unpredictable trajectories due to turbulence, in the aggregate patterns emerge: Statistically, spores released during the day fly for several days, whereas spores released at night return to ground within a few hours. Differences are caused by intense turbulence during the day and weak turbulence at night. The pattern is widespread but its reliability varies; for example, day/night patterns are stronger in southern regions. Results provide testable hypotheses explaining both intermittent and regular patterns of spore release as strategies to maximize spore survival in the air. Species with short-lived spores reproducing where there is strong turbulence during the day, for example in Mexico, maximize survival by releasing spores at night. Where cycles are weak, for example in Canada during fall, there is no benefit to releasing spores at the same time every day. Our data challenge the perception of fungal dispersal as risky, wasteful, and beyond control of individuals; our data suggest the timing of spore liberation may be finely tuned to maximize fitness during atmospheric transport.
Effect of Various Parameters on the Solids Holdup in a Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed

A liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) is operated at high liquid velocity, where particle entrainment is highly significant and between the conventional liquid fluidized bed and the dilute phase liquid transport regimes. In the present work, systematic experiments were carried out in a 0.094 m ID and 2.4 m height laboratory-scale liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed apparatus by using various solid particles and tap water as a fluidizing medium to study the hydrodynamics (axial solids holdup and solids circulation rate). The effects of operating parameters, i.e., primary liquid flow rate in the riser (jf), auxiliary liquid flow rate (ja), total liquid flow rate (jl), particle density (? s), particle diameter (dp) and solids feed pipe diameter (do) on the axial solids holdup distribution were analyzed from the experimental data. Finally, a correlation was developed from the experimental data to estimate average solid holdup in the riser, and it was compared with present experimental and available data in the literature. They agree well with a maximum root-mean-square deviation of 9.12 %.
Weekday-Weekend Sedentary Behavior and Recreational Screen Time Patterns in Families with Preschoolers, Schoolchildren, and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Three Cohort Study

Background: Excessive recreational screen time (RST) has been associated with negative health consequences already being apparent in preschoolers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal parent-child sedentary behavior, and RST patterns and associations with respect to the gender, age category of children, and days of the week. Methods: Our cross-sectional survey included 1175 parent-child dyads with proxy-reported RST data collected during a regular school week during the spring and fall between 2013 and 2019. The parent-child RST (age and RST) relationship was quantified using Pearson’s (rP) correlation coefficient. Results: Weekends were characterized by longer RST for all family members (daughters/sons: +34/+33 min/day, mothers/fathers: +43/+14 min/day) and closer parent-child RST associations than on weekdays. The increasing age of children was positively associated with an increase in RST on weekdays (+6.4/+7.2 min per year of age of the daughter/son) and weekends (+5.8/+7.5 min per year of age of the daughter/son). Conclusions: Weekends provide a suitable target for implementation of programs aimed at reducing excessive RST involving not only children, but preferably parent-child dyads.
Ovotesticular Difference of Sex Development: Genetic Background, Histological Features, and Clinical Management

Background: Ovotesticular disorder/difference of sex development (DSD) refers to the co-presence of testicular and ovarian tissue in one individual. Childhood management is challenging as there are many uncertainties regarding etiology, gonadal function, and gender outcome. Summary: Ovotesticular DSD should mainly be considered in 46,XX children with atypical genitalia and normal adrenal steroid profiles. Various underlying genetic mechanisms have been described. Histological assessment of ovotestes requires expert revision and has many pitfalls. Neonatal sex assignment is essential, but as gender outcome is unpredictable, this should be regarded as provisional until a stable gender identity has developed. Therefore, it is crucial not to perform any irreversible medical or surgical procedure in affected individuals until adolescents can give their full informed consent. Gonadal function mostly allows for spontaneous pubertal development; however, fertility is compromised, especially in boys. Specific long-term outcome data for ovotesticular DSD are lacking but can be extrapolated from studies in other DSD populations. Key Messages: Management of ovotesticular DSD has changed in recent years, prioritizing the child’s future right for autonomy and self-determination. The benefits and pitfalls of this new approach have not been documented yet and require intensive monitoring on an international scale.
Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).
An integrative methodology for circus training based on creativity and education on physical expression

The recent massive expansion of circus training spaces required a renewal of pedagogical approaches for serving a varied audience, with little or no previous experience with circus practice. This research describes an integrative methodology of introduction to circus training based on creativity and education on physical expression. One objective was to create an alternative to skills acquisition-based learning. Research’s theoretical grounding understands circus as an artistic language, integrating socio-cultural values and aesthetic-expressive fundamentals. The reflection on ‘what is to circus? ’ served as an epistemological guide for a research-action design with five years of experiments in the extension/research project Cirthesis, of the Department of Physical Education at the Federal University of Paraná (Curitiba, Brazil). The learning methodology a) uses Physical Education game theories as an educational resource for creation; b) identifies common aesthetic qualities of circus performances as a basis for expression (risk, sublime, grotesque, and comic); c) creates circus exercises inspired by educational dance, physical theatre, rhythmic, and physical conditioning. This article describes the general planning for an introduction to circus training and explains the process of lesson creation. The methodology was effective in providing resources for the learner to give dramatic expression alongside the learning of circus skills.