Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint power and work in an elite sprinter at maximum velocity

Mechanical power and work reveal the important aspects of muscle interactions in performance. Leg joint power patterns during ground-contact have been documented in sprinters during acceleration (Johnson & Buckley, 2001: Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 263 – 272) and distance runners at maximum velocity (Belli et al., 2002: International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23, 136 – 141), but not in sprinters at maximum velocity. The aim of this study was to quantify the joint power and work patterns of an elite sprinter during a ground-contact phase at maximum velocity to improve our understanding of the muscular control of the movement. Synchronized sagittal plane video (200 Hz) and ground reaction force (1000 Hz) data were obtained from one world-class male sprinter, who had given written informed consent, at 45 m of two 60-m maximal sprints (at velocities of 10.37 and 10.14 m s71). Metatarsophalangeal, ankle, knee, hip, and shoulder joint centres were manually digitized on the side of the ground leg and reconstructed using the two-dimensional direct linear transformation. All raw data were digitally filtered after residual analysis and joint power and work were calculated at the leg joints using conventional inverse dynamics equations. The hip extensors performed positive work early in stance (82 and 131 J). Positive work at the ankle (82 and 52 J) began in both trials approximately 0.015 s before it ceased at the hip. Positive work occurred at the knee (11 and 15 J) soon after touchdown, but was negligible for the remainder of stance. The timings of knee power phases were inconsistent between trials. Ankle and hip patterns mostly supported previous findings, but the lack of major positive knee extensor work in late stance did not (Belli et al., 2002; Johnson & Buckley, 2001). Johnson and Buckley (2001) suggested the powerful knee extension propelled the body forwards rather than upwards, but it has been suggested that, at maximum velocity, vertical not horizontal force production is crucial (Mann, 1985: In The elite athlete, edited by N. Butts, T. Gushiken, & B. Zarins. Jamaica, NY: Spectrum Publications). The generally low power measured at the knee suggests a stabilizing and compensatory, rather than power-producing, role for the joint, which may be linked to the specific demands of maximum velocity sprinting, presented by Mann (1985). Future studies will determine whether these characteristics are specific to the athlete studied, or are typical of all elite sprinters at maximum velocity.
Analysis of the Relationships between Operations Strategy Paradigms and Performance

We investigate the relationships between performance and three paradigms of manufacturing strategy choice: fit, best practices, and capability development. Dependent variables of performance include efficiency, quality, and flexibility. Regression analyses are used to test hypotheses of paradigm-performance relationships in a large database of international manufacturers. The results suggest that paradigms of capabilities and best practices have direct relationships with efficiency, quality, and flexibility. However, fit did not seem to be directly associated to changes in any performance variable .
Challenges Facing Military Organizational Cultural Reform: A Study of the 2004 Air Force Materiel Command Reorganization

Abstract : The purpose of this research was to measure the success of the Product Center (PC) portion of the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) reorganization initiated in 2004. The purpose of this study is threefold, 1) to determine if the 2004 AFMC Product Center reorganization has met General Martin's four intended objectives, (2) the reorganizations effects on AFMC employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment and (3) to gather some general opinions about the reorganization overall. The literature review consisted of a detailed look at the history of AFMC, areas of organizational culture, and gathering detailed information regarding the 2004 reorganization itself. This research measured the success of the PC portion of the reorganization to date; assistance was solicited and provided from HQ AFMC/A8M in development of the survey instrument for such measurement. Upon completion of development, electronic dissemination of the survey instrument was utilized to send it to the three AFMC PCs. Survey results were summarized and the overall conclusion reached that the AFMC PC reorganization initiated in 2004 has had little or not impact to date based on the opinions of PC employees who responded to the survey. Recommendations for further research avenues are also discussed.
Some Aspects of Submarine Design. Part 2. Shape of a Submarine 2026

Abstract : A shape for a next generation submarine has been drawn based on a survey of available knowledge. The reasons for each detailed portion of the shape are explained. The aim of the design is to produce a submarine with minimum practical resistance and with minimum water flow noise especially over the forward passive sonar while still carrying out all its normal functions. It is assumed the role of the submarine would be little different from the current vessel but may be powered differently and carry different equipment. The diameter of the hull has been increased while the length has been decreased compared to the present vessel. It is estimated the comparative resistance will be reduced by ten percent. The larger diameter will allow an extra deck over a portion of the length of the vessel giving greater flexibility to internal arrangements. All openings in the first five meters of the shape have been moved elsewhere including the torpedo tubes and interceptor array, to give the smoothest possible flow over the forward passive sensors. The nose shape is derived from a NACA forebody with a 14.2 percent thickness-length ratio and shows a favorable value of the minimum pressure over its length. The question of achieving natural laminar flow over this short length is discussed and found to be possible but is unproven.
Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Broadly Tunable Asymmetric Multiple Quantum Well Coupled Cavity Diode Lasers

A detailed analysis of coupled cavity semiconductor lasers with asymmetric multiple quantum well (AMQW) active regions is presented in this thesis. The analysis involved design, fabrication, characterization, and simulation of these devices. Although the coupled cavity devices can be multi sectioned, the devices discussed in this thesis are two sectioned. A below threshold model for an AMQW coupled cavity device is developed. Non-linear fits of the below threshold spectral data to that obtained from the model were used to extract optimized device parameters. These fits helped to create an understanding of the operation of the devices and paved the way for improved device performance. Optimized device parameters obtained from the below threshold model were later used as input parameters in the development of an above threshold model. This model verified the wavelength selection mechanism employed by coupled cavity diode lasers and predicted the longitudinal modes for sets of injection currents. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an application where much interest has recently been drawn. The coupled cavity devices fabricated in this work applied with proper modulation of the injection currents and followed by subsequent time averaging have demonstrated short coherence length (-15 μm) and can be an excellent source for synthesized OCT. Rapid wavelength switching (-70 ns, the measurement was limited by detector response time) over the whole range has also been experimentally shown. Because of the high speed (relative to mechanical) wavelength switching ability, AMQW coupled cavity devices have the potential for applications requiring real time measurements including real time synthesized OCT.
Conducting Values Based Research in the Field of Leadership Based on the Naqli and Aqli Perspectives

This article discusses some examples of value based research in leadership study that integrate both conventional and religious research approach. Leadership is not a field that needs to be investigated independently but the value of the field relies mostly on the ability of researchers to link the theoretical aspects of leadership with other related variables. Most importantly, this article also stresses that only by clearly underline the organizational or societal issues that need to be investigated and link the issues with leadership theories or concepts, a researcher will be able to highlight the importance of leadership in academic research. In sum, this article suggests three main aspects that need to be highlighted by researchers in the field of leadership. First is introducing a sustainable concept or theory of leadership and this article suggests that conventional theory of leadership needs to be integrated with religious theory of leadership. Secondly, researchers need to conduct a thorough analysis on organizations and societies in order to develop a correct theoretical concept to be used in the research. Finally, researchers should elaborate clearly the methodology applied by the research to investigate leadership – either conventional leadership, religious leadership, or the combination of both.
Success and Failure in Helping SMEs

This paper describes the outcomes of work conducted to help local small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) since 1999 by a unit attached to a university in the North East of England. It describes the pattern of help offered, the uptake rates, levels of assistance and the types of outcome measures achieved. Certain regions of Europe have been given special status as areas that are in need of varying degrees of funded assistance. The North East of England is one such area and has attracted several hundreds of millions of pounds in European-sponsored State Aid as a result. The paper describes briefly how some of this money has been used to help SMEs design products more quickly, reduce waste and re-work, and introduce continuous improvement to key business processes. It then details the numbers and types of companies concerned, how many companies dropped out of the project early, the patterns of work and the measured outcomes. The authors examine the uptake rates, and discuss possible reasons why some SMEs do not make full use of the facilities on offer. Anecdotal evidence of SME owner motivations and decision criteria is also presented. Reasons for the overall success of the unit's efforts are suggested, as are ways to improve the potential for SME engagement throughout the HE sector.
Alternative education provision: A dumping ground for 'wasted lives' or a challenge to the mainstream?

This paper draws on Zygmunt Bauman's Wasted Lives to explore the ways in which young people are constructed in an alternative education site in a regional Queensland (Australian) city. It draws heavily on interview data collected from the school principal to document the ways in which the school resists constructions of the 'rubbish student'. This resistance, we suggest, provides an indication of how mainstream schools can better serve the needs of some of their most marginalised students.
The Teaching Laboratory Data Management (TLDM) System

In the teaching laboratory, students generate large amounts of data and often struggle with the subsequent calculations for results. Grading the substantial amounts of results and calculations from a large class is very taxing for teachers, who are left with less time to interact with students. The TLDM system aims to resolve the primary challenge associated with laboratory experimental calculations: while the numerical operations for a given experiment are expected to be the same, the correct numerical results vary based on the unique raw data collected by each student. The system provides scalable instructional scaffolding to guide students through their own calculations. The system also works to generate custom marking keys unique to each student’s raw data to assist teachers in grading the numerical component of reports, leaving them with more time to provide feedback in other areas.
STATUS OF PETROLEUM SECTOR IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW

Pakistan economy is growing steadily. This growth demands higher energy consumption and consequently putting high pressure on countries economy. Pakistan mainly depends upon oil and gas resources to fulfil energy requirements . Indigenous resources of Oil are not enough to quench energy thirst of the growing economy. As a result Pakistan has to import large quantity of oil and oil based products from Middle East countries. Gas reserves in the country are enough for current gas requirements. So natural gas is playing a key role in power sector. Currently in oil upstream and down stream sector there are some local and international companies involved and government of Pakistan is establishing such policies that it can attract more international investors in this sector but the rapid pace of change, high degree of uncertainty and unstable political situation of the country present significant challenges and risk to foreign investment . Objective of this paper to highlight the present status of petroleum industry in Pakistan and its future prospects keeping in view the internal fluid situation and geo political condition of the region.
The Role of Information in Production Ramp-up Situations

To meet customer demands and global competition, the frequency of new product introductions in the manufacturing industry has increased. As the frequency and thereby number of production ramp-ups increases, ramp-up will no longer be an occasional event but will become a part of daily production challenges. To achieve an efficient production ramp-up, the ability to handle both planned and unplanned changes in production systems, in this thesis called ‘critical events’, is vital. So far, the role of information related to production ramp-up has not been investigated in depth, despite its necessity for the understanding and handling of critical events. This research explores the role of information used by human actors when handling critical events in production systems during production ramp-up situations. A systems approach was adopted and an empirical approach was used for three longitudinal case studies at two manufacturing companies in Sweden. Each case study involved production ramp-up of a new product and a new or modified production system at an assembly plant. Critical events in production ramp-up situations have varying characteristics and are categorised in the following ways in this thesis: (1) the domain the event concerns, e.g. supply, product, equipment, and personnel; (2) whether the event is planned or unplanned, and if how to handle the event is known or unknown; and finally (3) the type of event, i.e. if routine, trained-for, or novel for personnel who handle the event. The majority of the critical events identified in this research was unplanned and considered as negative for the production ramp-up realisation and performance. Their unpredictable characteristics require them to be handled and learned from in real time. Handling as a form of control was found to be a key issue, since events that could be influenced or handled were not considered as critical as those that were beyond one’s control. Hence, the perceived criticality depends on the ability to handle critical events. To have the ability to handle an event, despite its character, understanding of the event is vital. Understanding presupposes relevant information for handling, i.e. information that makes a difference; domain and problem information which partly confirms and partly renews or updates the description in a ramp-up situation. This research contributes knowledge about types of information needed when handling various types of critical events in relation to production ramp-up. Moreover, information sources and ways of dissemination for improved production ramp-up have been identified. An understanding of the information that enables handling of critical events in production systems can facilitate good ramp-up performance.
Electromagnetic Railgun Technology for the Deployment of Small Sub- /Orbital Payloads

Railguns are well-known for their capability to reach very high velocities (v0 > 2000 m/s) with overall efficiencies (Ekinetic/Eelectric) over 30 %. The high performance expected concerning velocity, efficiency, cost and repetition rates makes this system attractive not only for military but also for space applications with the aim of accelerating lightweight payloads directly into the low earth orbit (500 km). This last application is very challenging, as far as the energy and power storage, the railgun length and the rail materials are concerned, but seems promising. In a first step towards space launch, we have designed a railgun able to replace a sounding rocket with the aim of accelerating a meteorological probe up to an apogee of about 120 km. In this paper a quantitative assessment of the concept of the railgun – coupled to the object to be accelerated – is proposed. The electric circuit necessary to drive the facility is determined: electric energy sources, switches, pulse forming network as well as a first layout of the railgun itself (length, calibre, materials) and its current injection points. A first assessment of a railgun designed to put nano-satellites into low-earth orbit is also given. Parallel to the railgun study, we have investigated the extreme thermal conditions the projectile's surfaces are exposed to (high temperature and high thermal loads). In a first step the HF3T code of the DLR is applied to estimate time-dependant temperature changes on the projectile's surface and/or within the material's structure as a function of the trajectory parameters. In a second step, the program TRAJECTORY3D of DLR was used to generate a detailed time dependant data set which includes the values for projectile velocity, Mach and Reynolds numbers and atmospheric properties as a function of altitude. A second approach uses the TAU code of DLR to solve the Navier-Stockes equations, enabling pseudo-unsteady flow solutions along the trajectory. The results of these calculations allow checking the feasibility of the proposed design for the railgun launched hypervelocity projectiles.
An Exploratory Case Study of Information-Sharing and Collaboration Within Air Force Supply Chain Management

Abstract : This research sought to identify key elements of the Air Force supply chain as it relates to industry, determine how techniques of information-sharing and collaboration are used to make Air Force Supply Chain decisions, and examine how the resulting impacts on operational readiness may be measured. A multiple case study research design was used to investigate the application of information-sharing and collaboration in two distinct Air Force supply chains. Cross-case comparative analysis of the supply chains supporting the PTO shafts on the F-15 engine and the T-38 engine evaluated each supply chain's characteristics and levels of information-sharing and collaboration. The research highlighted one example of proactive sharing of information and collaborative decision-making to avoid supply chain inefficiencies, and one example of using information-sharing to recover from a decision made without using a collaborative approach. Specifically, the research identified that proactive sharing of information and collaborative decision-making for the T-38 avoided supply chain failures, while the F-15 supply chain was reactive, failing to collaborate or share information, resulting in a failure of the supply chain and an increase in the MICAP rate. The F-15 community used information-sharing to recover from this failure. The culmination of this effort provided insight into the interactions and complexities of the Air Force supply chain and highlighted a need for a more thorough evaluation of the impact of supply chain relationships, information-sharing, and collaborative decision-making on operational readiness.
Abstract

The authors have investigated the current state of staffing of courts in Ukraine and the features of European experience in resolving this issue. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the European Charter on the statute for judges and Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 12 on judges: independence, efficiency and responsibilities, general and distinctive features have been identified for regulating the staffing of courts, in particular, the issues of selecting judicial candidates, career growth, incentives, advanced training, and the like. The content of the norms of the current Ukrainian legislation, which regulates personnel issues in the formation of the judiciary, is disclosed. The essence of the judicial reform stipulated by the Strategy is determined sustainable development “Ukraine 2020. ” Particular attention is paid to the special training of judicial candidates in the formation of the judiciary in Ukraine, as well as the characterization of existing models of such training in European countries. The article defines a set of issues that have an important impact on quality indicators of staffing of courts.
Advanced Metals and Ceramics for Armor and Anti-Armor Applications. High-Fidelity Design and Processing of Advanced Armor Ceramics

Abstract : This is the final summary report of a 5-year (2001 2005) collaborative research program on advanced metals and ceramics for armor and anti-armor applications carried out in the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Material Center of Excellence at Rutgers and Johns Hopkins Universities under a cooperative-agreement contractual relationship. The focus of this center is on high-fidelity design and processing of advanced armor ceramics. The overarching goal has been to develop an improved understanding of selected key areas of the materials and processing science of ceramic armor materials. The areas investigated were selected jointly by the participating organizations with significant input from the ceramic armor community through a ceramic armor working group (CAWG) that included over 20 industrial organizations. They were selected as the most relevant, unclassified basic-research areas for improving the scientific understanding of the materials and processing science critical to the ballistic performance of ceramic armor materials. Length scales from the atomic to the macro were included in the investigation.
DARK TRIAD IN ADOLESCENCE: RELATIONSHIP WITH IMPULSIVITY AND CONDUCT DISORDER

The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive capacity of the Dark Triad (machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) in impulsivity and Conduct Disorder (CD). For this, a total sample of Portuguese adolescents was used. (N = 601; M age = 15,95 years; DP = 1,05 years; range = 13-18 years), subdivided in forensic male group (n = 131), school male group (n = 257) and school female group (n = 213). After the elaboration of multiple linear regression models, the results indicated that the psychopathy dimension of the Dark Triad (TN) is the one that most contributed to the Rua Brigadeiro Eduardo José dos Santos, no 4, 2o esq. , 8800-698 Tavira, Portugal. Tel: 962767239. email: victorhugopalma@sapo.pt TN, IMPULSIVIDADE E PC NA ADOLESCÊNCIA www.sp-ps.pt 356 prediction of impulsivity and CD. Additionally proceeded assessment of the DT traits, impulsivity and CD in the study groups. The forensic male group had higher scores than the male and female school groups. The male school group had higher scores than the female school group. It should continue to be explored in future studies the DT role in predicting impulsivity and CD to further clarify this relationship, as well the evaluation of DT traits, impulsivity and CD in Portuguese adolescents, in forensic and school context.