Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture

Background Tilapia is a primary aquaculture fish in Thailand, but little is known about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp. , and Vibrio cholerae colonizing healthy tilapia intended for human consumption and the co-occurrence of these AMR bacteria in the cultivation water. Methods This study determined the phenotype and genotype of AMR, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence factors of A. hydrophila, Salmonella spp. , and V. cholerae isolated from hybrid red tilapia and cultivation water in Thailand. Standard culture methods such as USFDA’s BAM or ISO procedures were used for the original isolation, with all isolates confirmed by biochemical tests, serotyping, and species-specific gene detection based on PCR. Results A total of 278 isolates consisting of 15 A. hydrophila, 188 Salmonella spp. , and 75 V. cholerae isolates were retrieved from a previous study. All isolates of A. hydrophila and Salmonella isolates were resistance to at least one antimicrobial, with 26.7% and 72.3% of the isolates being multidrug resistant (MDR), respectively. All A. hydrophila isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by oxytetracycline (26.7%), tetracycline (26.7%), trimethoprim (26.7%), and oxolinic acid (20.0%). The predominant resistance genes in A. hydrophila were mcr-3 (20.0%), followed by 13.3% of isolates having floR, qnrS, sul1, sul2, and dfrA1. Salmonella isolates also exhibited a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (79.3%), oxolinic acid (75.5%), oxytetracycline (71.8%), chloramphenicol (62.8%), and florfenicol (55.3%). The most common resistance genes in these Salmonella isolates were qnrS (65.4%), tetA (64.9%), blaTEM (63.8%), and floR (55.9%). All V. cholerae isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, while the most common resistance gene was sul1 (12.0%). One isolate of A. hydrophila was positive for int1, while all isolates of Salmonella and V. cholerae isolates were negative for integrons and intSXT. None of the bacterial isolates in this study were producing ESBL. The occurrence of mcr-3 (20.0%) in these isolates from tilapia aquaculture may signify a serious occupational and consumer health risk given that colistin is a last resort antimicrobial for treatment of Gram-negative bacteria infections. Conclusions Findings from this study on AMR bacteria in hybrid red tilapia suggest that aquaculture as practiced in Thailand can select for ubiquitous AMR pathogens, mobile genetic elements, and an emerging reservoir of mcr and colistin-resistant bacteria. Resistant and pathogenic bacteria, such as resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, or MDR Salmonella circulating in aquaculture, together highlight the public health concerns and foodborne risks of zoonotic pathogens in humans from cultured freshwater fish.
Ertel's potential vorticity theorem in physical oceanography

Under certain circumstances the equations of motion of a fluid yield theorems that provide powerful aids for comprehension of the character and physics of a wide variety of motions. Perhaps the most powerful of such theorems, especially in geophysical fluid dynamics, are the vorticity theorems that specify how the angular velocity of fluid particles changes with time and position. For large-scale water motions the relevant form of vorticity is what is called potential vorticity, which incorporates inhomogeneities of the constituent elements of seawater. Ertel's theorem specifies the dynamical evolution of potential vorticity. Most other vorticity theorems can be derived from it. For ideal one-component fluids, potential vorticity is materially conserved, that is, it is conserved when a particle of fluid is followed as its location changes, which is a powerful constraint for analyzing fluid motion. Seawater is a two-component fluid with its components being water and salt. Potential vorticity becomes materially conserved for ideal oceanic motions when the thermobaric coefficient (dependent upon the variations with pressure of the thermal expansion and haline contraction coefficients) is assumed to be zero as, for example, for incompressible seawater (incompressibility being a quite valid assumption for many oceanic motions). Approximate forms of potential vorticity are illustrated for standard oceanographic approximations, including a flat Earth with zero, constant, or varying rotation; a spherical Earth; shallow water; stratification; quasi-geostrophy; and others. The concept of potential vorticity naturally defines forms of motion (“vortical” modes) which exhibit nonzero amounts of potential vorticity. The best known forms of “vortical” modes are planetary geostrophic motion (where Coriolis and pressure forces are in approximate balance over the globe), quasi-geostrophic motion (where the forces deviate somewhat from the geostrophic balance), and two-dimensional stratified turbulence. The absence of potential vorticity defines the inertia-gravity mode of motion, that is, gravity waves dependent upon the ocean's stratification. An arbitrary flow can be separated into a part that carries linear motionally induced potential vorticity and a part that does not.
Convective self‐aggregation feedbacks in near‐global cloud‐resolving simulations of an aquaplanet

Positive feedbacks between precipitable water, reduced radiative cooling and enhanced surface fluxes promote convective self‐aggregation in limited‐area cloud‐resolving model (CRM) simulations over uniform sea‐surface temperature (SST). Near‐global aquaplanet simulations with 4 km horizontal grid spacing and no cumulus or boundary layer parameterization are used to test the importance of these feedbacks to realistically organized tropical convection. A 20,480 × 10,240 km equatorially centered channel with latitudinally varying SST is used. Realistic midlatitude and tropical cloud structures develop. The natural zonal variability of humidity and convection are studied in a 30 day control simulation. The temporal growth of a small white‐noise humidity perturbation and intrinsic predictability implications are explored. Atmospheric column budgets of moist‐static energy (MSE) quantify its covariation with precipitation, surface heat flux, and radiative energy loss. Zonal Fourier analysis partitions these budgets by length scale. Radiative feedbacks on MSE natural variability and perturbation growth are found to be positive, broadly similar across scales, and comparable to limited‐area CRMs, capable of e‐folding a column MSE perturbation in 6–14 days. Surface fluxes are highest in synoptic‐scale dry intrusions, inhibiting aggregation by damping tropical MSE perturbations. Sub‐4‐day MSE variations are due mainly to advection. Both tropics and midlatitudes have large‐scale intrinsic predictability horizons of 15–30 days. An identical simulation but with 20 km grid spacing has more mesoscale variability and low cloud.
Lifespan psychosocial stressors, optimism, and hemodynamic acute stress response in a national sample.

OBJECTIVE To understand the association between psychosocial stressors and cardiovascular health by evaluating: (a) lifespan patterns of childhood and adulthood stressors in relation to hemodynamic acute stress reactivity and recovery and (b) the role of optimism in these associations. METHOD Participants (n = 1,092, 56% women, 21% racial/ethnic minority, Mage = 56.2) were from the Midlife in the United States Study II Biomarker Project. Lifespan profiles of psychosocial stressor exposure (low lifespan exposure, high childhood only, high adulthood only, persistent exposure) were constructed from responses to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and a life events inventory. Optimism was measured with the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Hemodynamic acute stress reactivity to and recovery from cognitive stressors were assessed using a standardized laboratory protocol involving continuous measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). RESULTS Compared with the low lifespan exposure group, the high childhood- and persistent-exposure groups showed lower BP reactivity, and to a lesser extent, slower BP recovery. Persistent exposure was also associated with slower BRS recovery. Optimism did not modify the association between stressor exposure and any hemodynamic acute stress responses. However, in exploratory analyses, greater stressor exposure across all developmental periods was indirectly associated with reduced BP acute stress reactivity and slower recovery via lower optimism levels. CONCLUSIONS Findings support childhood as a unique developmental period wherein high adversity exposure may exert an enduring influence on adulthood cardiovascular health by limiting individuals' capacity to cultivate psychosocial resources and altering hemodynamic responses to acute stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Measurement feedback H/sub /spl infin//-control of time-periodic nonlinear systems

Nonlinear H/sub /spl infin//-controller synthesis is developed for time-periodic systems. Both global and local solutions of the problem are derived. The global solution involves the appropriate Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs inequalities, whereas the local solution is derived by means of a certain perturbation of the Riccati equations appearing in solving the linear H/sub /spl infin//-control problem for the linearized system.
Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Feed for Cattle, Pigs, Poultry, and Sheep in Navarra, a Region of Northern Spain

Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi on raw materials, such as cereals, represent a serious health hazard. Animals are exposed to them mainly through the ingestion of contaminated feed. This study presents data about the presence and co-occurrence of nine mycotoxins: aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, ochratoxins A and B, zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and sterigmatocystin (STER), in 400 samples of compound feed for cattle, pigs, poultry, and sheep (100 samples each) collected in Spain (2019–2020). Aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and ZEA were quantified using a previously validated HPLC method using fluorescence detection; whereas DON and STER were quantified using ELISA. Moreover, the obtained results were compared with those obtained in this country and published in the last 5 years. The mycotoxin presence in Spanish feed, especially for ZEA and DON, has been demonstrated. The maximum individual levels found were: AFB1: 6.9 µg/kg in a sample of feed for poultry; OTA: 65.5 µg/kg in a sample of feed for pigs, DON: 887 µg/kg in a sample of feed for sheep, and ZEA: 816 µg/kg in a sample of feed for pigs. Nevertheless, regulated mycotoxins appear, in general, at levels below those regulated by the EU; in fact, the percentage of samples containing concentrations above these limits was very low (from 0% for DON to 2.5% for ZEA). The co-occurrence of mycotoxins has also been demonstrated: 63.5% of the analyzed samples presented detectable levels of two to five mycotoxins. Due to the fact that the distribution of mycotoxins in raw materials can change greatly from year to year with climate conditions or market globalization, regular mycotoxin monitorization in feed is needed to prevent the integration of contaminated materials in the food chain.
High resolution satellite imagery segmentation based on features adaptively combining texture and spectral distributions

Automatic segmentation of high resolution satellite (HRS) imagery is the first step and a very important part of object-oriented approaches. As the resolution of satellite imagery increases, the spectral within-field heterogeneity and the structural or spatial details increase at the same time. Spatial features are important to HRS image analysis in addition to spectral information. This paper presents a novel feature extraction method and evaluates its performance on segmentation of HRS images and color texture images. The first two principal component (PC) images are obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) of a multispectral image. Two texture labeled images are calculated pixel-by-pixel on the PC images through a rotation invariant local binary pattern (LBP) form that we present in this paper. The two texture labeled images are used to calculate the discrete two-dimensional texture histogram of the image. The spectral distribution of a region is the joint distribution of the pixel values of its two PC images after normalization. Then the two histograms are regarded as the texture and spectral distributions of the region and used to calculate the texture and spectral similarity between two regions which is used to determine whether to split a region or merge adjacency regions in the split and merge segmentation framework.
Young globular clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy

Ruprecht 106 and Pal 12 are two known globular clusters in the Milky Way that are unequivocally younger than other clusters of similar metallicity. The Galactic coordinates of Ruprecht 106 place it near to the Magellanic Stream in projection, suggesting a tidal capture from the Magellanic Clouds. It is demonstrated that a family of orbits for both clusters can be constructed that are consistent with this capture hypothesis and that these then lead to a prediction of 3 milliarcseconds per year for the proper motions of both Ruprecht 106 and Pal 12.
Direct visualization of the oscillation of Au (111) surface atoms

A high frequency oscillating Au (111) surface was measured with atomic resolution using a modified scanning tunneling microscope. On the atomic scale propagating surface acoustic waves lead to oscillations of atoms on elliptical trajectories, with the axes being determined by the material parameters of the surface. Since those oscillation frequencies are much higher than the scan frequencies the topography contrast is reduced. This basic problem is solved by measuring a stroboscopic snapshot seeing a defined state of oscillation. The atomic resolution of the phase and the amplitude contrast is explained by the superposition of the surface topography and the oscillation trajectory.
Assessment of Fatty Acid Content in the Milk of Women from the West Pomeranian Region of Poland with Regard to Supplementation and the Amount of Adipose Tissue

The total amount of fat in the milk of nursing mothers depends on maternal reserves, as well as food intake and its synthesis in the mammary glands. The aim of this study was to assess the contents of fatty acids in the milk of women from the West Pomeranian region of Poland with regards to supplementation and the amount of adipose tissue. We also wanted to find out whether these women, who have direct access to the sea and potential access to fresh marine fish, have higher levels of DHA. Methods: We analyzed milk samples obtained 6–7 weeks postpartum from 60 women. The content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in lipids was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a Clarus 600 device (PerkinElmer). Results: Women using dietary supplements had significantly higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6 n-3) (p = 0.000) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5 n-3) (p = 0.000). The levels of eicosatrienoic acid (ETA) (C20:3 n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) increased with the amount of body fat, and the level of DHA was lowest in subjects where body fat exceeded 40% (p = 0.036). Conclusions: The contents of fatty acids in the milk of women from the West Pomeranian region of Poland were similar to that reported by other authors. The levels of DHA in women using dietary supplements was also comparable to the values reported worldwide. BMI had an effect on the levels of ETE and GLA acids.
Understanding Social Media Users’ Mukbang Content Watching: Integrating TAM and ECM

The purpose of this research is to examine the precursors of a social media user’s purchase intention and intention to watch mukbang content. This study collected empirical data from 399 social media users who had viewed mukbang content and used smart PLS to analyze the data. This analysis found that vicarious satisfaction and attractiveness of content performers had an effect on attitudes toward mukbang. Moreover, this study found that perceived ease of use and attitude toward mukbang content had an impact on the intention to watch mukbang content. Furthermore, the intention to watch mukbang was a motivator of purchase intention regarding food items in mukbang content. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the influence of mukbang watching on purchasing intention.
Dependence of anomalous resistivity on bulk drift velocity of electrons in the reconnecting current sheets in solar flares

Anomalous resistivity is critical for triggering fast magnetic reconnection in the nearly collisionless coronal plasma. Its nonlinear dependence on bulk drift velocity is usually assumed in MHD simulations. However, the mechanism for the production of anomalous resistivity and its evolution is still an open question. We numerically solved the one dimension Vlasov equation with the typical solar coronal parameters and realistic mass ratios to infer the relationship between anomalous resistivity and bulk drift velocity of electrons in the reconnecting current sheets as well as its non- linear characteristics. Our principal findings are summarized as follows: 1) the rela- tionship between the anomalous resistivity and bulk drift velocity of electrons relative to ions may be described as ηmax =0 . 03724 � vd ve � 5.702 Ω m for vd/ve in the range of 1.4-2.0 and ηmax =0 . 8746 � vd ve � 1.284 Ω m for vd/ve in the range of 2.5-4.5; 2) if drift velocity is just slightly larger than the threshold of ion-acoustic instability, the anomalous resistivity due to the wave-particle interactions is enhanced by about five orders as compared with classic resistivity due to Coulomb collisions. With the increase of drift velocity from 1.4v e to 4.5ve, the anomalous resistivity continues to increase 100 times; 3) in the rise phase of unstable waves, the anomalous resistivity has the same order as the one estimated from quasi-linear theory; after saturation of unstable waves, the anomalous resistivity decreases at least about one order as com- pared with its peak value; 4) considering that the final velocity of electrons ejected out of the reconnecting current sheet (RCS) decreases with the distance from the neutral point in the neutral plane, the anomalous resistivity decreases with the distance from the neutral point, which is favorable for the Petschek-like reconnection to take place.
Numerical experiments on the oscillations of a rotating, axisymmetric galaxy

Modes of oscillation in six rotating, axisymmetric N-body systems are studied in a sequence of self-consistent, three-dimensional numerical experiments. The experimental systems are realizations of theoretical models of galaxies which are stellar-dynamical counterparts of uniformly rotating polytropes of index equal to 0.5. The ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the gravitational potential energy ranges from 0.13 to 0.20. The systems oscillate axisymmetrically; the oscillations are interpreted as superpositions of a mode of radial pulsation and a Kelvin-like mode of oscillation. The experimental frequencies of these modes agree very well with theoretical predictions. When these modes are suppressed, the states of the experimental systems are very steady. The systems are dynamically unstable with respect to a toroidal mode when the ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the gravitational potential energy exceeds a value lying between 0.16 and 0.17. 19 refs.
Sorghum, millet and cassava as alternative dietary energy sources for sustainable quail production – A review

Diversification and expansion of the poultry industry with fast-growing and highly prolific birds such as the quail (Coturnix coturnix), could contribute significantly in achieving global food and nutrition security. However, sustainable intensification of the quail relies on the cost of dietary ingredients used during feed formulations. The use of non-conventional energy sources such as sorghum, millet, and cassava in lieu of expensive energy sources such as maize, could ensure sustainable quail businesses. Generally, alternative feedstuffs should be cost-effective and possess comparable nutritional qualities as maize. In tropical countries such as South Africa, the use of sorghum, millet, and cassava in quail diets can serve as ideal alternatives because they have relatively comparable energy values as maize. Furthermore, these alternatives are largely available and easily accessible in many farming areas of South Africa. However, the presence of antinutritional factors such as tannins, cyanides and phytic acid, among others, as well as their high fiber levels may limit their utilization in quail nutrition. Nevertheless, attempts have been made to develop improved varieties with low antinutrient compositions, for instance, low-tannin sorghum varieties are increasingly being fed to poultry birds. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that certain processing techniques such as sun-drying, soaking, boiling and fermentation, among others, can lower the concentrations of antinutrients in these alternative feedstuffs, thus increasing their feeding value. To this end, nutritional feeding trials on the positive effects of sorghum, millet and cassava in quail nutrition are inconsistent, mainly due to differences in cultivar type, harvesting site or environmental conditions, sampling, and handling methods amongst other factors. Thus, the present review aimed to discuss the potential of substituting maize with sorghum, millet, and cassava in quail diets.
THEORY OF MICROPOLAR FLUIDS

Abstract : Equations of motion, constitutive equations and boundary conditions are derived for a class of fluids named micropolar fluids. These fluids respond to micro-rotational motions and spin inertia and therefore can support couple stress and distributed body couples. Thermodynamical restrictions are studied in detail and field equations are obtained for the density, velocity vector and micro-rotation vector. The system is solved for a channel flow exhibiting certain interesting phenomena.
Analytical Modeling of Short-Channel Behavior of Accumulation-Mode Transistors on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate

In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of accumulation-mode (AM) silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (SOI MOSFET's) with gate lengths in the deep submicron region down to 0.1 µm. A two-dimensional analytical model has been developed which describes the short-channel behavior of the threshold voltage and subthreshold slope. The results are supported by numerical device simulation. It is found that the key factor for controlling short-channel effects in the AM SOI MOSFET is the reduction of thickness of the SOI layer. With 50 nm SOI film, the threshold voltage roll-off can be suppressed down to 0.25 µm gate length. The subthreshold slope factor degradation below 0.2 µm gate length is difficult to suppress since there is almost no influence of channel doping variation. Compared to the inversion-mode (IM) transistor, the AM SOI MOSFET has an inherently higher sensitivity to device parameter variations.