Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the duality between $p$-modulus and probability measures

AbstractMotivated by recent developments on calculus in metric measure spaces (X,d,m),we prove a general duality principle between Fuglede’s notion [15] of p-modulus forfamilies of ﬁnite Borel measures in (X,d) and probability measures with barycenterin L q (X,m), with q dual exponent of p ∈ (1,∞). We apply this general dualityprinciple to study null sets for families of parametric and non-parametric curves inX. In the ﬁnal part of the paper we provide a new proof, independent of optimaltransportation, of the equivalence of notions of weak upper gradient based on p-Modulus ([21], [23]) and suitable probability measures in the space of curves ([6],[7]). Contents 1 Introduction 2 I Duality between modulus and content 5 2 Notation and preliminary notions 62.1 Polish spaces . 62.2 Souslin, Lusin and analytic sets, Choquet theorem . 63 (p,m)-modulus Mod p,m 84 Plans with barycenter in L q (X,m) and (p,m)-capacity 135 Equivalence between C
Dual‐tree fast exact max‐kernel search

The problem of max‐kernel search arises everywhere: given a query point \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$p_q$ \end{document}, a set of reference objects \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$S_r$ \end{document} and some kernel \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal{K}$ \end{document}, find \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$arg\,max_{p_r \in S_r} \mathcal{K}(p_q, p_r)$ \end{document}. Max‐kernel search is ubiquitous and appears in countless domains of science, thanks to the wide applicability of kernels. A few domains include image matching, information retrieval, bio‐informatics, similarity search, and collaborative filtering (to name just a few). However, there is no generalized technique for efficiently solving max‐kernel search. This paper presents a single‐tree algorithm called single‐tree FastMKS which returns the max‐kernel solution for a single query point in provably \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$O(\log N)$ \end{document} time (where \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$N$ \end{document} is the number of reference objects), and also a dual‐tree algorithm (dual‐tree FastMKS) which is useful for max‐kernel search with many query points. If the set of query points is of size \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$O(N)$ \end{document}, this algorithm returns a solution in provably \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$O(N)$ \end{document} time, which is significantly better than the \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$O(N^2)$ \end{document} linear scan solution; these bounds are dependent on the expansion constant of the data. These algorithms work for abstract objects, as they do not require explicit representation of the points in kernel space. Empirical results for a variety of datasets show up to five orders of magnitude speedup in some cases. In addition, we present approximate extensions of the FastMKS algorithms that can achieve further speedups.
Single-unit sympathetic discharge : quantitative assessment in human hypertensive disease.

Background-Reports demonstrating sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension with the use of microneurography have been inconsistent. One possible reason is that previous studies have assessed muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from integrated voltage waves ("bursts") recorded from multiunit discharges. We studied single units with defined vasoconstrictor properties (s-MSNA) to further characterize sympathetic output in hypertensive disease. Methods and Results-We examined 74 subjects with a wide range of arterial blood pressure that were considered to be either normal (NT), high normal (HN), or stages 1 to 3 essential hypertension (EHT-1, EHT-2/3). All had their peripheral sympathetic activity measured from both multiunit bursts and single-unit vasoconstrictor impulses. There was a significant correlation between s-MSNA and MSNA, and results of variability studies were similar. The EHT-1 and EHT-2/3 groups had greater s-MSNA and MSNA than did the matched NT group (always P<0. 01). The HN group also had greater s-MSNA and MSNA than did the NT group (mean+/-SEM; 43+/-5 vs 29+/-2 impulses/100 beats, P<0.05; 36+/-4 vs 24+/-2 bursts/100 beats, P<0.05). In addition, the EHT-1 group had significantly greater s-MSNA than did the EHT-2/3 group (63+/-6 vs 51+/-3 impulses/100 beats, P<0.05), which could not be demonstrated with MSNA bursts. Conclusions-Quantification from single vasoconstrictor units has provided additional evidence in established essential hypertension of increased central sympathetic output. Furthermore, in the mild or early stages of hypertension, this technique has provided new evidence of augmented sympathetic output compared with more severe hypertension.
Genre Film, Media Corporations, and the Commercialisation of the Chinese Film Industry: The Case of “New Year Comedies”1

(The Chinese film tradition was) a sacred hall (baodian), an orthodox place strictly guarded by professionally trained third and fourth generation filmmakers. The fifth generation didn’t enter through the gates of the hall but broke in from the windows. However, since they gained entry, these fourth and fifth generation directors have now become guardians of the orthodoxy of the sacred hall of Chinese film. The sixth generation then occupied another part of the sacred hall, but they didn’t come in through the doors or windows: they dug up from underground! So when I came, I found not only that I couldn’t enter this heavily guarded sacred hall; but even if I could, there was no longer any space for me inside. So I decided to build an outhouse (erfang) instead. To my surprise, I found that life in this outhouse was not bad at all, and when I look at the sacred hall now, it seems so overcrowded that I wouldn’t go there even if they invited me. In fact, since life in the outhouse is so exciting, even those who occupy the sacred hall want to come here now, and some have already popped their heads in (Feng, 2000).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Health Literacy: A Community-Based Study in Shanghai, China

Background: Health literacy is an increasingly important public health concern. However, little is known about the health literacy of general public in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low health literacy and demographic associations in Shanghai, China. Methods: This study was a community-based cross-sectional health survey utilizing a multi-stage random sampling design. The sample consisted of 1360 individuals aged 15-69 years with the total community-dwelling Chinese as the sample frame. Health literacy was measured by a questionnaire developed on the basis of a national health literacy manual released by the Chinese Ministry of Health. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify whether common socio-demographic features were associated with health literacy level. Results: The prevalence of low health literacy was 84.49% (95% CI, 82.56% to 86.41%). The prevalence of low health literacy was negatively associated with the level of education, occupation, and annual household income, but was not associated with gender, age, or the presence of non-communicable chronic disease. Conclusions: Simplifying health services, enhancing health education, and promoting interventions to improve health literacy in high-risk populations should be considered as part of the strategies in the making of health policy in China.
Correspondences and Numerical Differences between Disjoint Sets.

HUDSON, TOM. Correspondences and Numerical Differences between Disjoint Sets. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 84-90. Young children's understanding of correspondences and numerical differences between disjoint sets was studied in a series of 3 experiments. In the first 2 experiments, 64 children between 4 and 8 years of age were shown pairs of sets and were asked both standard ("How many more birds than worms are there? ") and nonstandard ("How many birds won't get a worm? ") numerical difference questions. The children's observed success in answering the Won't Get questions indicates that many young children are skillful at establishing correspondences and determining exact numerical differences between disjoint sets; their poor performance on the standard questions apparently reflects a misinterpretation or inadequate comprehension of comparative constructions of the general form "How many . [comparative term] . than . " The final experiment, involving 30 additional kindergarten children, dealt with children's solution strategies in answering Won't Get questions. The most frequently observed solution strategy was a sophisticated indirect counting strategy rather than a perceptually guided pairing strategy. Taken together, the present findings restrict the domain of applicability of the theory that young children are limited to perceptually based forms of mathematical reasoning.
Nonlinear Stochastic Regularization to Characterize Tissue Residue Function in Bolus-Tracking MRI: Assessment and Comparison With SVD, Block-Circulant SVD, and Tikhonov

An accurate characterization of tissue residue function R(t) in bolus-tracking magnetic resonance imaging is of crucial importance to quantify cerebral hemodynamics. R(t) estimation requires to solve a deconvolution problem. The most popular deconvolution method is singular value decomposition (SVD). However, SVD is known to bear some limitations, e.g., R(t) profiles exhibit nonphysiological oscillations and take on negative values. In addition, SVD estimates are biased in presence of bolus delay and dispersion. Recently, other deconvolution methods have been proposed, in particular block-circulant SVD (cSVD) and Tikhonov regularization (TIKH). Here we propose a new method based on nonlinear stochastic regularization (NSR). NSR is tested on simulated data and compared with SVD, cSVD, and TIKH in presence and absence of bolus dispersion. A clinical case in one patient has also been considered. NSR is shown to perform better than SVD, cSVD, and TIKH in reconstructing both the peak and the residue function, in particular when bolus dispersion is considered. In addition, differently from SVD, cSVD, and TIKH, NSR always provides positive and smooth R(t).
Dietary Echinacea purpurea during Murine Pregnancy: Effect on Maternal Hemopoiesis and Fetal Growth

Background: The medicinal benefits of Echinacea sp. plants in several disease conditions, including insect bites, respiratory ailments, and even cancer and AIDS, have been touted for decades. Echinacea sp. -based phytoceuticals are among the top selling herbals in the Western marketplace today. However, evidence is very scant concerning the effects of using Echinacea species herbals during pregnancy. While available data indicates that fetal malformations do not occur during pregnancy in humans consuming this herb, there are no formal studies aimed at assessing the possibility that consuming Echinacea herbals may promote spontaneous abortions, thereby reducing the number of live births upon which to assess the presence or absence of malformations. Objectives: We undertook a study in which pregnant mice were fed daily Echinacea purpurea from pregnancy onset until gestational days 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. Methods: Maternal spleen and bone marrow were taken for enumeration of cells in each of five separate hemopoietic lineages/organ, and fetal status was recorded. Results: The data indicate that the significant, pregnancy-induced elevation in splenic lymphocytes and nucleated erythroid cells was all but eliminated in those females which consumed E. purpurea daily throughout their pregnancy. Moreover, consuming E. purpurea during pregnancy reduced the number of viable fetuses. Conclusions: The data may be extrapolated to suggest that in humans, abstention from consuming Echinacea products during the early/mid stages of pregnancy, may be prudent.
Standards of teeth preparations for anterior resin bonded all-ceramic crowns in private dental practice in Jordan

Objectives To investigate if general dental practitioners (GDPs) in private practice in Jordan follow universal guidelines for preparation of anterior teeth for resin bonded all-ceramic crowns (RBCs). Material and Methods A sample (n=100) of laboratory models containing 208 tooth preparations for IPS Empress and In Ceram, featuring work from different GDPs, was obtained from 8 commercial dental laboratories. Aspects of preparations were quantified and compared with accepted criteria defined following a review of the literature and recommendations of the manufactures' guidelines. Results Subgingival margins on the buccal aspect were noticed in 36% of the preparations, 54% demonstrated overpreparation with a tendency to overprepare the teeth on the mesiodistal plane more than buccolingual plane. Twenty percent of samples presented a shoulder finish line while a chamfer margin design was noticed in 39%. Twenty-nine percent and 12% of samples had either a feathered or no clear margin design respectively. Incisal under preparation was observed in 18% of dies of each type. Only 17% of all preparations were found to follow the recommended anatomical labial preparations while 29% of the RBC preparations were found to have the recommended axial convergence angle. In total, 43% of preparations were found to have the recommended depth of the finish line. Conclusions It was found that relevant guidelines for RBC preparations were not being fully adhered to in private practice in Jordan.
Student satisfaction with the campus bus services at UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia

Campus traffic congestion is a common occurrence because of the factorial increase in enrolment every year. Universities in the Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia have to adjust to the situation to appease the stakeholders, in particular the students. With affluent times, many students have their own private vehicle which they drive or ride to school. However, most public universities bar students' vehicles from campus if they were given on-campus housing and on-campus transport is available. In the case of Universiti Teknologi MARA, due to the limited number of dormitories, many students rent out. Consequently, they drive their own vehicles to class or for lesser-affluent ones, the buses and taxis are the popular choice to commute. Thus, the influx of these vehicles is the main cause of traffic congestion. This issue continues to be debatable between the university administrators, the staff and the students. Also, the limited number of parking spaces aggravates the situation, hence, the need to plan for an efficient and effective bus system - the campus hybrid transportation system. In doing so, it is important to get the bus passenger's feedbacks on the current transport services provided. In this case, the units of analysis are the students which form the majority of the bus passengers. Thus, this paper reports the pilot survey on student satisfaction with the campus bus service at the main campus. Through a cross-sectional design, 78 completed responses were analyzed where 28.2% indicated dissatisfaction with the current bus service. Furthermore, the comments from the respondents provided further evidence that the transportation system on campus has to be reformed. The paper concludes with suggestions for a hybrid transportation system planning, implementation and policy that would guide the success of the project for all stakeholders.
A Secure Off-line Electronic Payment System Based on Bilinear Pairings and Signcryption

—In this paper, we have designed an off-line e-cash payment system based on bilinear pairings for low-value transaction. We use the concept of proxy signcryption for communication among the entities. In our system, the token is issued & authenticated by Bank. Customer delegates the signing capability to Merchant. Bank verifies the original signer (customer) and proxy signer (Merchant) and ensures the originality of the transaction. Unlike the existing e-payment system question of double spending of e-cash arises because each transaction is made uniquely identifiable. Hence, no separate protocol is needed to check double spending. The proposed scheme provides anonymity, authenticity, confidentiality and fairness.
A Latent Class Analysis of Past Victimization Exposures as Predictors of College Mental Health

Objective: The transition to college offers both new opportunities and challenges, and it is important to identify which students might be at greatest risk for adjustment difficulties. To that end, this study examines how victimization before college affects the transition to college, with particular attention to how victimizations group together and how these groups are differentially associated with depression and anxiety. Method: Participants from 4 universities (n = 1,337; 65.0% women) participated in online surveys of college adjustment in the fall of their first year, with 435 also completing surveys in the spring of their first year. Students reported about victimization before college (i.e., peer victimization, dating violence, attempted/completed rape, and child maltreatment), and about their fall and spring depression and anxiety. Results: Using latent class analysis, results indicated 4 victimization groups existed: Minimal, Peer Victims, Poly (sexual) Victims, and Polyvictims. Broadly, the college students in the 2 polyvictimization groups reported more psychological distress than students in other groups, but there were not significant differences between students in the Minimal or Peer Victim groups. Conclusions: Findings highlight the necessity of support and intervention services on college campuses attending to victimization as an indicator of potential maladjustment among first year college students.
Menopausal Symptoms:A Comparative Study in Rural and Urban Women

The present study was carried out on 500 females in the age group of 40-60yrs to find out average age of menopause in rural and urban women and associated menopausal symptoms & its awareness & prevalence by predesigned questionnaire. We found out that , the percentage of all menopausal symptoms is more in urban women as compared to rural cases. Commonly observed symptoms' are hot flushes, joint & muscular discomfort and physical & mental exhaustion. However women don't come out with sexual problem much both in rural and urban.The symptoms are at peak during 45-55 years and after 55 years severity decreases. However the urinary symptoms and heart discomfort are more in > 55 years in urban women. Though the urban women are consulting physician for menopausal problems still percentage is very less. On the other hand rural women don't come out with their problems.
Teacher’s behaviour in integrating Digital Storytelling (DST) Software into their teaching: Its impact & implications

The incorporation of digital and new media technologies into the university classroom is clearly underway and will become of signal importance to the way students learn and teachers teach in the twenty-first century” (Clarke & Adam, 2010, p.173). To investigate the teachers' roles in using new technologies in their classes, this pilot study made use of semi-structured interviews with six individual English language instructors of an undergraduate freshman remedial English course at a university in Hong Kong. After applying the Levels of Use (LoU) interview protocol developed by Hall and Hord (2011), the indicative results possibly showed a direct relationship between each teacher’s behaviour(s) and the integration of Digital Storytelling (DST) software into his/her classroom. The teacher’s underlying pedagogical belief(s) and their perceptions of their students’ digital capability were important determinants to the teachers' behaviours. The LoU user type results obtained also provided certain insights into appropriate strategies that may be implemented by course management to promote better DST software integration into ESL classrooms. This research also suggests that the role of teacher’s behaviour(s) could be important in integrating DST into the classroom. It is suggested that conducting a follow-up study with a larger sample size, and further investigation into suitable facilitation methods by course management for the successful DST integration/implementation in higher education is necessary to verify these pilot findings.
Metal Oxide Surfaces and Their Interactions with Aqueous Solutions and Microbial Organisms

Brown, Gordon E. Jr.; Henrich, Victor; Casey, William; Clark, David; Eggleston, Carrick; Andrew Felmy, Andrew Felmy; Goodman, D. Wayne; Gratzel, Michael; Maciel, Gary; McCarthy, Maureen I. ; Nealson, Kenneth H. ; Sverjensky, Dimitri; Toney, Michael; and Zachara, John M. , "Metal Oxide Surfaces and Their Interactions with Aqueous Solutions and Microbial Organisms" (1999). US Department of Energy Publications. 197. https://digitalcommons.unl. edu/usdoepub/197
Biogenic sulfur in the environment

Biogenic Sulfur Emissions: A Review U.S. National Biogenic Sulfur Emissions Inventory Variability in Biogenic Sulfur Emissions from Florida Wetlands Synthesis and Emission of Hydrogen Sulfide by Higher Plants Sulfur Emissions from Roots of the Rain Forest Tree Stryphnodendron excelsum: Ecosystem, Community, and Physiological Implications Origin of Hydrogen Sulfide in Freshwater Sediments Sulfur Cycling in an Experimentally Acidified Seepage Lake Reactivity of Sulfur Nucleophiles Toward Halogenated Organic Compounds in Natural Waters The Distribution of Dimethyl Sulfide in the Oceans: A Review Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethyl Sulfide in Marine Environments Dimethyl Sulfide Production in Marine Phytoplankton Dimethyl Sulfide and (Dimethylsulfonio)propionate in European Coastal and Shelf Waters Microbial Metabolism of Dimethyl Sulfide Metabolism of Acrylate and 3-Mercaptopropionate: Decomposition Products of (Dimethylsulfonio)propionate in Anoxic Marine Sediments Mechanistic Studies of Organosulfur (Thiol) Formation in Coastal Marine Sediments Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Marine Environment: Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Enzymatic Steps and Dissimilatory Sulfur Metabolism by Whole Cells of Anoxyphotobacteria Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hydrogen Sulfide in Natural Waters Hydrogen Sulfides in Oxic Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide in Marine Air Distribution of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds in the Remote Southern Hemisphere Sulfur Isotope Ratios: Tracers of Non-Sea Salt Sulfate in the Remote Atmosphere Two Automated Methods for Measuring Trace Levels of Sulfur Dioxide Using Translation Reactions Gas-Phase Atmospheric Oxidation of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds: A Review OH-Initiated Oxidation of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds: Kinetics and Mechanisms Under Atmospheric Conditions Mechanism of Atmospheric Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide by Hydroxyl Radicals Mechanisms for the Reaction of CH[3S with NO[2 The Impact of Halogen Oxides on Dimethyl Sulfide Oxidation in the Marine Atmosphere Fourier Transform IR Studies of the Reactions of Dimethyl Sulfoxide with OH, NO[3, and Cl Radicals North Sea Dimethyl Sulfide Emissions as a Source of Background Sulfate over Scandinavia: A Model The Uptake of Gases by Liquid Droplets: Sulfur Dioxide Rate of Reaction of Methanesulfonic Acid, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Dimethyl Sulfone with Hydroxyl Radical in Aqueous Solution Oxidation of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds in Aqueous Media: Kinetics and Environmental Implications