Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ca Sparks in Embryonic Mouse Skeletal Muscle Selectively Deficient in Dihydropyridine Receptor a1S or b1a Subunits

Ca sparks are miniature Ca release events from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells. We examined the kinetics of Ca sparks in excitation-contraction uncoupled myotubes from mouse embryos lacking the b1 subunit and mdg embryos lacking the a1S subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor. Ca 21 sparks occurred spontaneously without a preferential location in the myotube. Ca sparks had a broad distribution of spatial and temporal dimensions with means much larger than those reported in adult muscle. In normal myotubes (n 5 248 sparks), the peak fluorescence ratio, DF/Fo, was 1.6 6 0.6 (mean 6 SD), the full spatial width at half-maximal fluorescence (FWHM) was 3.6 6 1.1 mm and the full duration of individual sparks, Dt, was 145 6 64 ms. In b-null myotubes (n 5 284 sparks), DF/Fo 5 1.9 6 0.4, FWHM 5 5.1 6 1.5 mm, and Dt 5 168 6 43 ms. In mdg myotubes (n 5 426 sparks), DF/Fo 5 1 6 0.5, the FWHM 5 2.5 6 1.1 mm, and Dt 5 97 6 50 ms. Thus, Ca sparks in mdg myotubes were significantly dimmer, smaller, and briefer than Ca sparks in normal or b-deficient myotubes. In all cell types, the frequency of sparks, DF/Fo, and FWHM were gradually decreased by tetracaine and increased by caffeine. Both results confirmed that Ca sparks of resting embryonic muscle originated from spontaneous openings of ryanodine receptor channels. We conclude that dihydropyridine receptor a1S and b1 subunits participate in the control of Ca sparks in embryonic skeletal muscle. However, excitation-contraction coupling is not essential for Ca spark formation in these cells.
Repair or replacement of defective restorations by dentists in The Dental PBRN

Valeria V. Gordan1,*, Joseph L. Riley III2, Saulo Geraldeli1, D. Brad Rindal3, Vibeke Qvist4, Jeffrey L. Fellows5, H. Paul Kellum6, Gregg H. Gilbert7, and The DPBRN Collaborative Group8 1 Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Operative Dentistry Division, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA 2 Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA 3 HealthPartners Dental Group and HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA 4Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 5Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA 6Private practice in Destin, FL, USA 7Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 8The DPBRN Collaborative Group includes practitioner-investigators, faculty investigators and staff investigators who contributed to this DPBRN activity. A list is at www.dpbrn. org/users/publications/Default.aspx.
OP-NDTJ200213 1882..1892

Background. Lower urinary excretion of the kidney tubule– specific biomarker epidermal growth factor (uEGF) is associated with increased risk of renal function [glomerular filtration rate (GFR)] loss in diabetes and in patients with established chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated whether uEGF is associated with rapid GFR decline or incident CKD in the general population. Methods. Subjects without CKD or diabetes were recruited from the general population in Tromso, Norway [Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey (RENIS); N1⁄4 1249] and Groningen, the Netherlands [Prevention of REnal and Vascular END-stage disease (PREVEND); N1⁄4 4534], with a median follow-up of 5.6 and 7.4 years, respectively. GFR was measured by iohexol clearance in the RENIS and estimated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine–cystatin C equation G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T VC The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved. O R IG IN A L A R T IC LE Nephrol Dial Transplant (2021) 36: 1882–1892 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa208 Advance Access publication 17 October 2020
Associations between maternal milk protein genotypes with preweaning calf growth traits in beef cattle

The objectives of this study were to investigate milk casein polymorphisms in dams and to determine the impacts of maternal casein genotypes on growth traits of their sucking calves. Milk samples from 433 dams of the breeds German Angus (GA) and German Simmental (GS) were typed at the milk protein loci α s1-casein (αs1-CN), β-casein (β-CN), α s2-casein (αs2-CN), and κ-casein (κ-CN) via isoelectric focusing. Associations between casein genotypes in maternal milk with growth traits of their 1,872 calves were analyzed until the age of weaning using linear mixed models, considering either genotypes of individual casein loci (model 1) or composite α s1-β-α s2-κ-CN genotypes within the casein cluster (model 2). Besides environmental effects such as sex, age of the dam, and calving year-season, genetic effects (breed group and maternal and paternal effects) were considered in statistical models. The composite casein genotype BBǀA2A2ǀAAǀAB (order of genes on bovine chromosome 6: α s1-ǀβ-ǀα s2-ǀκ-CN) was associated with greater average daily weight gains (ADG) and heavier ageadjusted weaning weights (WW) of calves (P < 0.05). The effects of composite genotypes on birth weight of calves were similar (P > 0.05; model 2). With regard to individual casein loci, greater ADG and WW were observed for calves from dams with the genotypes κ-CN BB and α s1-CN BB, respectively (P < 0.05; model 1). Age-adjusted WW was largest for calves from dams carrying the κ-CN genotype BB (215 kg) compared with calves representing the maternal AB and AA genotypes (both 204 kg). Results from the present study suggested selectable casein genotypes due to their nutritional value of milk (value in terms of offspring performances), offering new perspectives for breeding strategies in beef cattle to improve preweaning calf performance.
(2016) Electrophysiological evidence for flexible goal-directed cue processing during episodic retrieval. NeuroImage, 132 . pp. 24-31.

A widely held assumption is that memoryretrieval isaided by cognitive control processes that are engaged ﬂ ex-ibly inservice of memoryretrieval and memory decisions. While thereis someempiricalsupport for thisview, a notable exception is the absence of evidence for the ﬂ exible use of retrieval control in functional neuroimaging experiments requiring frequent switches between tasks with different cognitive demands. This absence is troublesome in so far as frequent switches between tasks mimic some of the challenges that are typically placed on memory outside the laboratory. In this experiment we instructed participants to alternate frequently between three episodic memory tasks requiring item recognition or retrieval of one of two different kinds of contextual information encoded in a prior study phase (screen location or encoding task). Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by unstudied items in the two tasks requiring retrieval of study context were reliably different, demonstrating for the ﬁ rst time that ERPs index task-speci ﬁ c processing of retrieval cues when retrieval goals change frequently. The inclusion of the item recognition task was a novel and important addition in this study, because only the ERPs elicited by unstudied items in one of the two context conditions diverged from those in the item recognition condition. This outcome constrains functional interpretations of the differences that emerged be-tween the two context conditions and emphasises the utility of this baseline in functional imaging studies of retrieval processing operations. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Two-photon imaging of oxidative stress in living erythrocytes as a measure for human aging

According to the “oxidative stress theory” of aging, this process is accompanied by a progressive and irreversible accumulation of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This, in turn, has a deleterious impact on molecular mechanisms in aging thereby altering the physiological function of the organism, increasing the risk of different aging-related diseases, as well as impacting the life span. The aim of the current study was to investigate oxidative stress in living red blood cells (RBCs) in human aging as an oxidative stress-related pathological condition. Two-photon laser scanning and light microscopy techniques were applied to analyze the oxidative stress in RBCs and the cell viability. Spectrophotometric analyzes were performed to determine the percentage of RBC hemolysis, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in RBCs, as well as the ferroxidase activities of ceruloplasmin in blood plasma samples. The studies included three human aging groups, young, middle-aged, and elderly. According to the results, the two-photon fluorescence of carboxy-DCFDA, indicating the intensity of oxidative stress, significantly increase in RBCs by the increase of age (P< 0.05), and these intensities are in statistically significant positive correlation with age (P< 0.001) and a strong negative correlation (P< 0.05) with the activity of catalase in RBCs and ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in plasma. In conclusion, two-photon fluorescent imaging of oxidative stress in human living RBCs is a valuable and accurate method for the determination of aging processes in humans and can be suggested as a novel indicator for human aging processes in individual aging. © 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Enhancing the Cancer and Cancer Caregiving Experience: Building Resilience through Role Adjustment and Mutuality

Purpose—The purpose of this study was to explore the dyadic experience of caring for a family member with cancer. Particular attention was given to examine the relationship between dyadic perceptions of role adjustment and mutuality as facilitators in resilience for posttreatment cancer patients and family caregivers. Method—For this convergent parallel mixed methods study using grounded theory methodologies, 12 dyads were recruited from the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Qualitative data collection focused on social interactions between cancer patients and their family caregivers to better understand and describe how post-treatment patients and caregivers create mutuality in their relationships, how they describe the processes of role-adjustment, and how these processes facilitate dyadic resiliency. Quantitative data collected through electronic survey included the Family Caregiving Inventory (FCI) for Mutuality Scale, Neuro QoL Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities-Short Forms, and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC). Results—Eleven participants were spouses. Twenty-two self-reported as Caucasian. The sample ranged from 35–71 years of age (Caregiver M=53.7, Patient M=54.3). Most of the caregivers were female (n=8; 66.7%) and most of the patients were male (n=9; 75%). Qualitative interview data illuminated two primary psychosocial processes relating to resilience, role adjustment and mutuality as key facilitators for transformation and growth within dyadic partnerships coping with the challenges of cancer treatment and cancer caregiving. The FCI-mutuality score for patients (M=3.65±0.47) and caregivers (M=3.45±0.42) reflected an average level of relationship quality. Relative to participation in, and satisfaction with social roles and activities, patients (M=50.66±7.70, M=48.81±6.64, respectively) and caregivers Corresponding author: Margaret Bevans, 6707 Democracy Blvd Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20817, mbevans@nih.gov. Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of the Defense, or the United States government. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Eur J Oncol Nurs. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 December 01. Published in final edited form as: Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2019 December ; 43: 101663. doi:10.1016/j.ejon. 2019.09. 004. A uhor M anscript
Applications of the Fuzzy Logic to the Energy Conversion Systems on Board of UAVs

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Abstract This chapter intends to present some applications of the fuzzy controllers to the automatic control of the DC-to-DC converters type boost, buck and buck-boost. For the mathematical modelling of these converters, one used averaged models; taking into account that con- trolled parameter is the average output voltage. One considered only the continuous con-ductionmodeinthemathematicalmodel.Foreachconverter,onemakesashortdescriptionoftheprincipalschemeandthefunctioningmodeandpresentstheaveragedmodel.Oneobtainsthetransferfunctionsandfinallybuildsfuzzycontrollersinordertostabilizetheoutputvoltagewithrespecttotheinputvoltagevariations. ThecontrolisrealizedbymodifyingthedutycycleofthePWMcommandpulses.Obtainedsystems,bothinclosedloopandinopenloop,areimplementedinMATLAB/Simulinkandsimulationsresultsarealsopresented.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Vascular Adverse Events in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Population-Based, Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study

Background. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown long-term survival benefits in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Nevertheless, significant concern has been raised regarding long-term TKI-associated vascular adverse events (VAEs). The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of VAEs in Taiwanese patients with CML treated with different TKIs (imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib) as well as potential risk factors. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients diagnosed with CML from 2008 to 2016 were identified and categorized into three groups according to their first-line TKI treatment (imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib). Propensity score matching was performed to control for potential confounders. Cox regressions were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of VAEs in different TKI groups. Results. In total, 1,111 patients with CML were included in our study. We found that the risk of VAEs in nilotinib users was significantly higher than that in imatinib users, with an HR of 3.13 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30–7.51), whereas dasatinib users also showed a nonsignificant trend for developing VAEs, with an HR of 1.71 (95% CI, 0.71–4.26). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only nilotinib usage, older age, and history of cerebrovascular diseases were identified as significant risk factors. The annual incidence rate of VAEs was highest within the first year after the initiation of TKIs. Conclusion. These findings can support clinicians in making treatment decisions and monitoring VAEs in patients with CML in Taiwan. The Oncologist 2021;26:974–982 Implications for Practice: This study found that patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with nilotinib and dasatinib may be exposed to a higher risk of developing vascular adverse events (VAEs) compared with those treated with imatinib. Thus, this study suggests that patients with CML who are older or have a history of cerebrovascular diseases should be under close monitoring of VAEs, particularly within the first year after the initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Regional and cellular fractionation of working memory

This chapter recounts efforts to dissect the cellular and circuit basis of a memory system in the primate cortex with the goal of extending the insights gained from the study of normal brain organization in animal models to an understanding of human cognition and related memory disorders. Primates and humans have developed an extraordinary capacity to process information ‘‘on line,’’ a capacity that is widely considered to underlay comprehension, thinking, and so-called executive functions. Understanding the interactions between the major cellular constituents of cortical circuits—pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells—is considered a necessary step in unraveling the cellular mechanisms subserving working memory mechanisms and, ultimately, cognitive processes. Evidence from a variety of sources is accumulating to indicate that dopamine has a major role in regulating the excitability of the cortical circuitry upon which the working memory function of prefrontal cortex depends. Here, I describe several direct and indirect intercellular mechanisms for modulating working memory function in prefrontal cortex based on the localization of dopamine receptors on the distal dendrites and spines of pyramidal cells and on interneurons in the prefrontal cortex. Interactions between monoamines and a compromised cortical circuitry may hold the key to understanding the variety of memory disorders associated with aging and disease. Compared with the well-recognized type of memory process referred to variously as associative (1), declarative (2), or episodic (3), ‘‘working memory’’ is a relatively new concept in neuroscience, though it has a longer tradition in human cognitive psychology and antecedence in the more familiar phenomenon of short-term memory (4–6). Working memory is the ability to hold an item of information transiently in mind in the service of comprehension, thinking, and planning (6, 7). Working memory encompasses both storage and processing functions. In its simplest form, as when holding in mind a phone number long enough to dial it, the memory may decay passively andyor instantaneously. In its most elevated form, working memory serves as a workspace for holding items of information in mind as they are recalled, manipulated, andyor associated to other ideas and incoming information. ‘‘Blackboard of the mind’’ has been a useful metaphor for the limited capacity and processing dynamics of the working memory mechanism (for the origin of this analogy in the speech perception literature, see ref. 8). Mental arithmetic, imaging a sequence of chess moves, constructing a sentence, and creation of music or poetry are examples of the infinite variety of mental gymnastics dependent on the basic operation of working memory. More than any other form of learning or memory, the mechanisms underlying working memory come closest to addressing one of the great issues of neurobiology—the neural basis of mental representation and the workings of the human mind. Modular Functional Architecture of Prefrontal Cortical
Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor-g Deficiency Exacerbates Fibrotic Response to Mycobacteria Peptide in Murine Sarcoidosis Model

We established a murine model of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-elicited chronic granulomatous disease that bears similarities to human sarcoidosis pathology, including alveolar macrophage deficiency of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor g (PPARg). Because lymphocyte reactivity to mycobacterial antigens has been reported in sarcoidosis, we hypothesized that addition of mycobacterial ESAT-6 (early secreted antigenic target protein 6) to MWCNTmight exacerbate pulmonary granulomatous pathology. MWCNTs with or without ESAT-6 peptide 14 were instilled by the oropharyngeal route into macrophage-specific PPARg-knockout (KO) or wild-type mice. Control animals received PBS or ESAT-6. Lung tissues, BAL cells, andBALfluidwere evaluated 60days after instillation. PPARg-KO mice receiving MWCNT1 ESAT-6 had increased granulomas and significantly elevated fibrosis (trichrome staining) compared with wild-type mice or PPARg-KOmice that received only MWCNT. Immunostaining of lung tissues revealed elevatedfibronectin and Siglec F expression onCD11c infiltrating alveolarmacrophages in the presence of MWCNT1 ESAT-6 compared with MWCNT alone. AnalysesofBALfluidproteins indicated increased levelsof transforming growth factor (TGF)-b and the TGF-b pathway mediator IL-13 in PPARg-KO mice that received MWCNT1 ESAT-6 compared with wild-typeorPPARg-KOmice that receivedMWCNT.Similarly,mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9, another requisite factor for TGF-b production, was elevated in PPARg-KOmice by MWCNT1 ESAT-6. Analysis of ESAT-6 in lung tissues by mass spectrometry revealed ESAT-6 retention in lung tissues of PPARg-KO but not wild-typemice. These data indicate that PPARg deficiency promotes pulmonary ESAT-6 retention, exacerbates macrophage responses toMWCNT1 ESAT-6, and intensifies pulmonary fibrosis. The present findings suggest that the model may facilitate understanding of the effects of environmental factors on sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis.
Subtypes based on CSF and MRI markers in normal elderly predict cognitive decline

Background—Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show patterns of change in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that precede dementia. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) studied normal controls (NC), subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD to identify patterns of biomarkers to aid in early diagnosis and effective treatment of AD. Methods—222 NC underwent baseline MRI and clinical examination at baseline and at least one follow-up. 112 also provided CSF at baseline. Unsupervised clustering based on initial CSF and MRI measures was used to identify clusters of participants with similar profiles. Repeated measures *Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (www.loni.ucla.edu\ADNI). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators is available at www.loni. ucla.edu\ADNI\Collaboration\ADNI_Manuscript_Citations. pdf. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Correspondence to: Laurel Beckett, labeckett@ucdavis.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conflict of interest None reported for JN, JB, LB, DH. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Neurobiol Aging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 August 1. Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2010 August ; 31(8): 1419–1428. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging. 2010.04. 025. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript regression modeling assessed the relationship of individual measures, and of cluster membership, to cognitive change over three years. Results—Most individuals showed little cognitive change. Individual biomarkers had limited predictive value for cognitive decline, but membership in the cluster with the most extreme profile was associated with more rapid decline in ADAS-COG. Conclusions—Subtypes among NC based on multiple biomarkers may represent the earliest stages of subclinical cognitive decline and AD.