Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and Kinematics of NGC 615 and Its Nuclear Star Formation History

The results of a complex photometric and spectral investigation of the regular Sb galaxy NGC 615 are presented. The observations were made with the 6 m, 1 m, and 0.6 m telescopes of the Special Astrophysical Observatory RAS (Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia) and the 1.5 m ESO telescope (La Silla, Chile). The analysis of the radial brightness profiles reveals the existence of at least two decoupled exponential components; the parameters of the outer component are typical for the global disks of Sb galaxies, and the inner component seen in the radius range 9″–30″ (1.0–3.5 kpc) is distinguished by compactness and high surface brightness. A combination of two-dimensional velocity fields for stars and ionized gas in the central part of the galaxy and of the long-slit velocity profiles along the major axis up to the optical border of NGC 615 provides some interesting findings. In the very center, R < 3″ (0.3 kpc), stars and gas rotate together, and the dynamical and photometric major axes are turned with respect to the global line of nodes; we conclude that an inclined circumnuclear disk is detected. In the bulge, R = 3″–6″ (0.35–0.75 kpc), the stellar velocity dispersion is more than 100 km s-1, the stars rotate twice as slowly as the ionized gas, and a counterrotating gaseous component is observed. In the inner exponential component the stars rotate together with the ionized gas, and the stellar velocity dispersion drops to about 50 km s-1. As the photometric major axis of this component is turned with respect to the line of nodes, we call it "an oval inner disk. " The mean age of the stellar populations in the nucleus and in the inner disk beyond its H II regions is 5 Gyr, while the bulge is much older. Both the chemically decoupled nucleus of NGC 615 and the inner disk probably formed the bulk of their more luminous stars in a secondary burst of star formation, perhaps provoked by the close passage of another galaxy some gigayears ago.
Quasi-order of clocks and synchronism and quantum bounds for copying timing information

The statistical state of any (classical or quantum) system with non-trivial time evolution can be interpreted as the pointer of a clock. The quality of such a clock is given by the statistical distinguishability of its states at different times. If a clock is used as a resource for producing another one the latter can at most have the quality of the resource. We show that this principle, formalized by a quasi-order, implies constraints on many physical processes. Similarly, the degree to which two (quantum or classical) clocks are synchronized can be formalized by a quasi-order of synchronism. Copying timing information is restricted by quantum no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems since classical clocks can only exist in the limit of infinite energy. We show this quantitatively by comparing the Fisher timing information of two output systems to the input's timing information. For classical signal processing in the quantum regime our results imply that a signal looses its localization in time if it is amplified and distributed to many devices.
Charge ordering in quasi-one-dimensional systems with frustrating interactions

Motivated by the co-existing charge and spin order found in strongly correlated ladder systems, we study an effective pseudospin model on a coupled two-leg ladder. A bosonisation analysis yields a rich phase diagram showing Wigner/Peierls charge order and Neel/dimer spin order. In a broad parameter regime, the orbital antiferromagnetic phase is found to be stable. An intermediate gapless phase of finite width is found to lie in between two charge-ordered gapped phases. Our work is potentially relevant for a unified description of a class of strongly correlated, quarter-filled ladder systems.
Higher Expression of Annexin A2 in Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Promotes Migration and Invasion

Simple Summary Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) arises from basal cells that develop dysplasia and carcinoma in situ and, if unchecked, progress to invasion and metastases. Major players underlying the molecular mechanisms of invasive and metastatic BLCA are yet to be determined. Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a Ca++-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, is overexpressed in various cancers and facilitates cell migration and invasion. This study established a correlation between AnxA2 and BLCA using existing BLCA data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In addition, we determined its role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of metastatic bladder cancer cells. Abstract In this study, we aim to evaluate the significance of AnxA2 in BLCA and establish its metastatic role in bladder cancer cells. Analysis of TCGA data showed that AnxA2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in BLCA tumors than in normal bladder tissues. High mRNA expression of AnxA2 in BLCA was significantly associated with high pathological grades and stages, non-papillary tumor histology, and poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and diseases specific survival (DSS). Similarly, we found that AnxA2 expression was higher in bladder cancer cells derived from high-grade metastatic carcinoma than in cells derived from low-grade urothelial carcinoma. AnxA2 expression significantly mobilized to the surface of highly metastatic bladder cancer cells compared to cells derived from low-grade tumors and associated with high plasmin generation and AnxA2 secretion. In addition, the downregulation of AnxA2 cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer along with the reduction in proangiogenic factors and cytokines such as PDGF-BB, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, Tie-2, bFGF, GRO, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9. These findings suggest that AnxA2 could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for high-grade BLCA.
Exchangeably Weighted Bootstraps of the General Empirical Process

We consider an exchangeably weighted bootstrap of the general function-indexed empirical process. We find sufficient conditions on the bootstrap weights for the c~ntral limit theorem to hold for the bootstrapped empirical process, almost surely and in probability. The results resemble those of Gine and Zinn (1990) for Efron's bootstrap. As a corollary we obtain a result on the almost sure convergence in distribution of the Efron-bootstrapped empirical process with arbitrary sample size. A large number of bootstrap resampling schemes emerge as special cases of our results.
Pulsed Energy-Time Entangled Twin-Photon Source for Quantum Communication

A pulsed source of energy-time entangled photon pairs pumped by a standard laser diode is proposed and demonstrated. The basic states can be distinguished by their time of arrival. This greatly simplifies the realization of 2-photon quantum cryptography, Bell state analyzers, quantum teleportation, dense coding, entanglement swapping, GHZ-states sources, etc. Moreover, the entanglement is well protected during photon propagation in telecom optical fibers, opening the door to few-photon applications of quantum communication over long distances.
Collaborative Multilingual Continuous Sign Language Recognition: A Unified Framework

Current continuous sign language recognition systems generally target on a single language. When it comes to the multilingual problem, existing solutions often build separate models based on the same network and then train them with their corresponding sign language corpora. Observing that different sign languages share some low-level visual patterns, we argue that it is beneficial to optimize the recognition model in a collaborative way. With this motivation, we propose the first unified framework for multilingual continuous sign language recognition. Our framework consists of a shared visual encoder for visual information encoding, multiple language-dependent sequential modules for long-range temporal dependency learning aimed at different languages, and a universal sequential module to learn the commonality of all languages. An additional language embedding is introduced to distinguish different languages within the shared temporal encoders. Further, we present a max-probability decoding method to obtain the alignment between sign videos and sign words for visual encoder refinement. We evaluate our approach on three continuous sign language recognition benchmarks, i.e., RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather, CSL and GSL-SD. The experimental results reveal that our method outperforms the individually trained recognition models. Our method also demonstrates better performance compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.
PHASE BEHAVIOR OF A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES WITH CORE COLLAPSE

The pressure-temperature phase diagram of a one-component system, with particles interacting through a spherically symmetric pair potential in two dimensions is studied. The interaction consists of a hard core plus an additional repulsion at low energies. It is shown that at zero temperature, instead of the expected isostructural transition due to core collapse occurring when increasing pressure, the system passes through a series of ground states that are not triangular lattices. In particular, and depending on parameters, structures with squares, chains, hexagons and even quasicrystalline ground states are found. At finite temperatures the solid-fluid coexistence line presents a zone with negative slope (which implies melting with decreasing in volume) and the fluid phase has a temperature of maximum density, similar to that in water.
STENO:an expert system for medical diagnosis based on graphical models and model search

Causal probabilistic models have been suggested for representing diagnostic knowledge in expert systems. This paper describes the theoretical basis for and the implementation of an expert system based on causal probabilistic networks. The system includes model search for building the knowledge base, a shell for making the knowledge base available for users in consultation sessions, and a user interface. The system contains facilities for storing knowledge and propagating new knowledge, and mechanisms for building the knowledge base by semi-automated analysis of a large sparse contingency table. The contingency table contains data acquired for patients in the same diagnostic category as the intended application area of the expert system. The knowledge base of the expert system is created by combining expert knowledge and a statistical model search in a model conversion scheme based on a theory developed by Lauritzen & Spiegelhalter and using exact tests as suggested by Kreiner. The system is implemented on.
Asymptotically efficient estimation of analytic functions in Gaussian noise

The problem of recovery of an unknown regression function f(x), x e 1 from noisy data is considered. The function f(-) is assumed to belong to a class of functions analytic in a strip of the complex plane around the real axis. The performance of an estimator is measured either by its deviation at a fixed point, or by its maximal error in the La-norm over a bounded interval. It is shown that in the case of equidistant observations, with an increasing design density, asymptotically minimax estimators of the unknown regression function can be found within the class of linear estimators. Such best linear estimators are explicitly obtained. Nonparametric regression models are widely studied in the statistical literature, since they are mathematically attractive and have many useful applications. Recent results by Ibragimov and Hasminskii (1981; 1982a; 1984a) and Stone (1980; 1982) marked a new approach to these models, with the emphasis on optimal (minimax) rates of convergence in estimating an unknown regression function in various functional classes. In some remarkable cases not only minimax rates of convergence, but also exact asymptotic constants have been found, and the corresponding asymptotically minimax estimators have been derived. Pinsker (1980) was the first to do this in the problem of regression estimation in continuous-time Gaussian white noise. He obtained asymptotically minimax estimators of the regression function in the L2-norm, with the underlying functional classes defined as ellipsoids in L2. These classes include as special cases Sobolev's classes as well as the classes of periodic analytic functions. In the ensuing papers of Nussbaum (1985) and Golubev and Nussbaum (1992), this study was extended to regression models in discrete time and Sobolev's classes of functions. Another example of asymptotically efficient nonparametric regression estimators was given by Ibragimov and Hasminskii (1984b) for the problem of estimating the unknown
Improved Monolayer MoS Performance With Two-Step Atomic Layer Deposited High- Dielectrics

Gate dielectric engineering is crucial to enable two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for logic transistor applications. In this work, we demonstrate a uniform and pinhole-free bilayer high-κ fabricated on monolayer (1L) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) through thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) without surface pretreatment. A thin low- temperature (75 °C) AlOx film deposited directly on 1L-MoS2 mitigates 2D channel damage and serves as a nucleation and protection layer for high-temperature (250 °C) HfOx high-κ layer. The 1L-MoS2 back-gate (BG) devices with lowtemperature ALD capping show minor mobility degradation, less threshold voltage shift, smooth surface topography, and lower device variability compared to those with high-temperature ALD capping. These electrical differences are closely related to the coverage of the AlOx film at the initial ALD stage and the resultant quality of the AlOx-MoS2 interface after HfOx deposition. The underlying mechanism of ALD on the TMDs is proposed in terms of physical analysis and electrical findings. This work provides a practical and scalable ALD approach in gate dielectrics toward high performance 2D electronics.
Pseudo Goldstone spectrum of 2-color QCD at finite density

We examine the spectrum of two-color lattice QCD with one staggered quark field (four flavors) at a finite chemical potential $(\ensuremath{\mu})$ for quark number, on a ${12}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24$ lattice. First we present evidence that the system undergoes a transition to a state with a diquark condensate, which spontaneously breaks quark number at $\ensuremath{\mu}{=m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}/2,$ and that this transition is mean field in nature. We then examine the three states that would be Goldstone bosons at $\ensuremath{\mu}=0$ for zero Dirac and Majorana quark masses. The predictions of chiral effective Lagrangians give a good description of the behavior of these masses for $\ensuremath{\mu}l{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}/2. $ Except for the heaviest of these states, these predictions diverge from our measurements, once $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is significantly greater than ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}/2. $ However, the qualitative behavior of these masses indicates that the physics is very similar to that predicted by these effective Lagrangians, and there is some indication that at least part of these discrepancies is due to saturation, a lattice artifact.
Ligament Formation Induced by Cavitation in a Cylindrical Nozzle

Cavitation in a cylindrical nozzle and liquid jets discharged from the nozzle are simultaneously visualized using a high-speed camera to investigate the mechanism of liquid jet atomization induced by the fully-developed cavitation. Three mirrors are used to capture the front view of liquid jet interfaces and the side view of cavitation clouds within a frame of the camera. The high-speed visualization confirms that the collapse of a cavitation cloud near the nozzle exit induces a ligament formation not only for 2D nozzles but also for cylindrical nozzles. The visualization also finds that the collapse of a large cavitation cloud tends to cause the formation of a large ligament, while that of a small cloud results in a small ligament.
Baryon stopping in high energy collisions and the extrapolation of hadron production models to Cosmic Ray energies

A new striking feature of hadron production in nuclear collisions is the large stopping of the participating nucleons in hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions. This enhanced baryon stopping can be understood introducing new diquark breaking mechanisms in multistring models of hadron production. Here we show, that similar diquark breaking mechanisms occur at high energy even in hadron–hadron collisions. This eﬀect leads to signiﬁcant changes in the extrapolation of these models to Cosmic Ray energies.
Relaxation volumes of microscopic and mesoscopic irradiation-induced defects in tungsten

The low-energy structures of irradiation-induced defects in materials have been studied extensively over several decades, as these determine the available modes by which a defect can diffuse or relax, and how the microstructure of an irradiated material evolves as a function of temperature and time. Consequently, many studies concern the relative energies of possible defect structures, and empirical potentials are commonly fitted to or evaluated with respect to these. But recently [S. L. Dudarev et al., Nucl. Fusion 58, 126002 (2018)], we have shown that other parameters of defects not directly related to defect energies, namely, their elastic dipole tensors and relaxation volumes, determine the stresses, strains, and swelling of reactor components under irradiation. These elastic properties of defects have received comparatively little attention. In this study, we compute relaxation volumes of irradiation-induced defects in tungsten using empirical potentials and compare to density functional theory results. Different empirical potentials give different results, but some clear potential-independent trends can be identified. We show that the relaxation volume of a small defect cluster can be predicted to within 10% from its point-defect count. For larger defect clusters, we provide empirical fits as a function of defect cluster size. We demonstrate that the relaxation volume associated with a single primary-damage cascade can be estimated from the primary knock-on atom energy. We conclude that while annihilation of defects invariably reduces the total relaxation volume of the cascade debris, there is still no conclusive verdict about whether coalescence of defects reduces or increases the total relaxation volume.
The magnetocaloric effect from the point of view of Tsallis non-extensive thermostatistics

In this work we have analyzed the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) from the Tsallis thermostatistics formalism (TTF) point of view. The problem discussed here is a two level system MCE. We have calculated, both analytically and numerically, the entropy of this system as a function of the Tsallis' parameter (the well known q-parameter) which value depends on the extensivity (q 1) of the system. Since we consider this MCE not depending on the initial conditions, which classify our system as a non-extensive one, we used several greater than one q-parameters to understand the effect of the nonextensive formalism in the entropy as well as the magnetocaloric potential, $\Delta S$. We have plotted several curves that shows precisely the behavior of this effect when dealt with non-extensive statistics.
Central nervous system depressant, gastrointestinal motility, and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of the methanolic extract of Suaeda maritima in mice model

: Suaeda maritima ( S. maritima ) is a common yellow-green shrub grows in salt marshes. Present study aims to investigate the in-vivo central nervous system depressant, gastrointestinal motility and Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of the methanolic extract of S. maritima. Phytochemical screening was performed to observe the main constituents. Central nervous system depressant activity was evaluated through open field and hole cross tests separately. Gastrointestinal motility activity was observed using charcoal meal method. The extract was screened for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In open field method, the number of squares crossed by mice were 80.80 ± 1.66 and 80.60 ± 1.66 for 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg extract respectively at zero time, which reduced gradually to 26.00 ± 1.05 and 20.00 ± 0.95 after 60 minutes. Similar decreasing was found in hole cross method. Locomotor activities and exploratory behavior of mice were found to be decreased after the oral administration of S. maritima . On the other hand, S. maritima extract inhibit 62.9% and 69.7% gastrointestinal motility for 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of dose. In brine shrimp lethality test, LC 50 values obtained from the experiment were 0.451 µg/µl and 0.254 µg/µl for S. maritima extract and positive control vincristine sulphate respectively. This study confirms the moderate cytotoxic effect of S. maritima that implies the presence of potent bioactive compounds. S. maritima possessed remarkable central nervous system depressant and gastrointestinal motility activities with moderate cytotoxic activity. Further investigation is warranted to find out the bioactive components with their exact mechanism of actions for drug development program.
A Perspective on Four Emerging Threats to Sustainability and Sustainable Development

Plastics are a precious, versatile set of materials. The accumulation of plastic waste threatens the environment. Recycling plastic waste can produce many new products. The many opportunities for using plastic waste create pressure for a strategy to develop or improve current waste management systems to reduce the negative impact on humans, fauna and flora. The objective of this review paper is to consider an opportunity to recycle plastic; to convert plastic waste into plastic sand bricks. This would reduce the impact of the four emerging crises (plastic pollution, unemployment, the shortage of affordable housing and climate change) identified in South Africa as a threat to sustainability. This paper reviews studies utilising plastic waste to manufacture materials for the construction industry. The feasibility of using plastic waste to manufacture bricks revealed high compressive strength, low water absorption and weighed considerably lower compared to traditional bricks. Plastic sand bricks, therefore, can provide a solution that can be used to curb the four emerging crises and contribute to sustainability.
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network for Inverse Kinematics of Self-Assembly Robotic Arm Based on the Depth Sensor

In this study, we propose a new deep convolutional generative adversarial kinematics network (DCGAKN) to establish inverse kinematics of self-assembly robotic arm. We design that the robot system uses a depth sensor detecting an object by you only look once v4 (YOLOv4) algorithm, and then, our proposed DCGAKN is with generator and discriminator of adversarial evolution training inverse kinematics model for controlling self-assembly robotic arm to solve the limited solution space to be more adaptive in the dynamic environment. The following are advancements of our proposed method: 1) generator neural network is trained by few-shot training data to control the self-assembly robotic arm to achieve high-accuracy position; 2) generator is evaluated with discriminator not only depending on training data but also on adaptive evolutionary; 3) the self-assembly robotic arm is like humanoid arm not traditional robotic arm structure and it is easy for self-assembly model to build inverse kinematics without computing inverse kinematics matrix; 4) the object is detected by the depth information based on YOLOv4; and 5) through generator evolutionary, the activity range of robotic arm is not limited with training data range. The proposed DCGAKN is compared with convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep neural network (DNN) that the accuracy rate and distance error achieve 87% and 1.26 cm, respectively. The source code of this work is at: https://github.com/YiZengHsieh/DCGAKN.