Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subaqueous Soils and Coastal Acidification: A Hydropedology Perspective with Implications for Calcifying Organisms

In the coastal zone, biological and biogeochemical processes, influenced by anthropogenic inputs, drive pH variability and contribute to coastal acidification. Spatial patterns of these processes across coastal estuaries are unknown. In this study, we used a hydropedological approach to assess the spatial variability of coastal acidification within two coastal lagoons and embayments in Rhode Island by measuring oyster shell dissolution, pH within the water column, and pore water pH within the upper 5 cm of the underlying subaqueous soils. Sampling and monitoring sites were stratified based on submerged soil-landscape types mapped at the Great Group level as Haplowassents, Sulfiwassents, and Psammowassents. We found that pore water pH varied significantly among soils and with depth. Median pore water pH was significantly greater in sandy, low organic matter content Psammowassents (7.97) than the finer textured, higher soil organic matter content Sulfiwassents (7.35), and the Haplowassents (6.57) that receive groundwater discharge from the surrounding subaerial soils. Juvenile calcifying organisms can experience acidic stress at pH values below 7.6; thus, current pH values within the upper few centimeters of Sulfiwassents and Haplowassents may be low enough to impact recently set juvenile calcifying organisms inhabiting these soils. Consequently, mean shell loss during a 4-wk period was significantly greater in the Sulfiwassents (1.54) than the Psammowassents (0.96%), with the greatest shell loss (18.62%) in one of our Haplowassent sites with groundwater discharge. Our research suggests that measures of pore water pH and shell dissolution may be helpful in developing soil interpretations regarding the effects of coastal acidification on calcifying organisms.
Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Patients With Hyperlaxity and Near-Track Lesions

Background: Recurrent anterior shoulder instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair presents a challenging clinical problem, with the primary stabilization procedure often portending the best chance for clinical success. Purpose: To determine if capsuloligamentous laxity affects failure (recurrent dislocation, subluxation, and/or perceived instability symptoms) after arthroscopic Bankart repair in patients with near-track lesions (ie, those with smaller distance to dislocation [DTD]). Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent primary arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability at a single institution between 2007 and 2019 and who had at least 2 years of follow-up data. Patients with glenoid bone loss >20%, off-track lesions, concomitant remplissage, or rotator cuff tear were excluded. Capsuloligamentous laxity, or hyperlaxity, was defined as external rotation >85° with the arm at the side and/or grade ≥2 in at least 2 planes with the shoulder at 90° of abduction. Near-track lesions were defined as those with a DTD <10 mm. Results: Included were 173 patients (mean age, 20.5 years; mean DTD, 16.2 mm), of whom 16.8% sustained a recurrent dislocation and 6.4% had recurrent subluxations (defined as any subjective complaint of recurrent instability without frank dislocation), for an overall recurrent instability rate of 23.1%. The rate of revision stabilization was 15.6%. The mean time to follow-up was 7.4 years. Independent predictors of recurrent instability were younger age (P = .001), smaller DTD (P = .021), >1 preoperative instability episode (P < .001), and the presence of hyperlaxity during examination under anesthesia (P = .013). Among patients with near-track lesions, those with hyperlaxity had a recurrent instability rate almost double that of patients without hyperlaxity (odds ratio, 34.1; P = .04). The increased rate of failure and recurrent dislocation in the near-track hyperlaxity cohort remained elevated, even in patients with no bone loss. Conclusion: Capsuloligamentous shoulder laxity was a significant independent risk factor for failure after primary arthroscopic Bankart repair without remplissage and was more predictive of failure in patients with versus without near-track lesions.
The Impact of Market Power, Credit Risk, and Economic Environment on the Stability of the Arab Banking Sector

The paper presents an investigation of the dialectical relationship between banking concentration and the stability of the banking sector, using data from twelve Arab countries for the period 2014-2019 in the framework of a dynamic panel data model. The findings show that the banking sector in the Arab countries follows the "Concentration-Stability" hypothesis. That is, banking concentration has a significant positive impact on bank stability. The paper explains that this result is due to two main reasons. The first reason is that large banks tend to manage their assets and capital more efficiently compared to smaller banks, while the second reason is that systemically important banks (DSIBs) are subject to additional quantitative and qualitative regulatory requirements, especially after the global financial crisis in 2008. The paper also reveals that economic growth has a significant positive effect on bank stability, while credit risk has a significant negative impact on bank stability. The paper suggests encouraging the merger of small banks, as this leads to enhancing their operational efficiency, strengthening their financial positions, and supporting their ability to absorb potential shocks.
Bioaugmentation for Accelerated In Situ Anaerobic Bioremediation

A successful anaerobic bioaugmentation was carried out on a trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated aquifer at Dover Air Force Base, DE, using a microbial enrichment culture capable of dechlorinating TCE to ethene. A hydraulically controlled pilot system 12 × 18 m was constructed 15 m below ground surface in an alluvial aquifer to introduce nutrients and substrate into the groundwater. Ambient TCE and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) concentrations in groundwater averaged 4800 and 1200 μg/L. The pilot operated for 568 days. Results by day 269 confirmed previous laboratory work showing that dechlorination did not proceed past cDCE. By this time, most of the TCE was dechlorinated to cDCE, and cDCE was the predominant contaminant. An ethene-forming microbial enrichment culture from the Department of Energy's Pinellas site in Largo, FL, was injected into the pilot area. After a lag period of about 90 days, vinyl chloride and ethene began to appear in wells. The injected culture survived and was transported through th.
Characterisation of flood inundated areas and delineation of poor drainage soil using ERS-1 SAR imagery

Recent years have been marked by a continuous availability of spatial SAR data since the launch of the European remote sensing satellite (ERS-I) in 1991. Consequently, remote sensing techniques now offer an opportunity to map flood inundation fields caused by river overflow or waterlogging in environments characterized by frequent cloud cover. Indeed, inundation fields can clearly be seen on ERS-I SAR images taken during flooding periods. However, such an identification can be constrained by the similarity in behaviour between water surfaces and other features of the landscape such as extended asphalt areas, permanent water bodies and less illuminated slopes. For consistent flood inundation extent mapping a more robust approach is required. This is provided by a conceptual flood inundation index that is physically sound in relation to radar imaging. Moreover, this index has proved to be useful for highlighting soils located within inundation fields and having significantly different internal drainage. The results achieved in the framework of the research must be seen in the context of intensive use of remote sensing data to support decision methods for sustainable management of land and water resources. Such decision support methods could be provided by river hydraulic models aimed at assessing environmental effects of inundation floods and at earlv flood warning svstems.
A giant catastrophic mud‐and‐debris flow in the Miocene Makran

We challenge the former interpretation of the ‘sedimentary mélange’ of the Makran accretionary complex as a tectonic mélange diapirically emplaced from below and provide evidence for its sedimentary gravitational emplacement from the north during Tortonian–Messinian times (between 11.8 and 5.8 Ma). It is an olistostrome that includes blocks of ophiolites and oceanic sediments derived from the ‘coloured mélange’ to the north, and reworked chunks of the turbidites on which it rests with an erosional truncation. The chaotic scattering of blocks of any size and lithology and the weak, soft‐sediment deformation of the matrix argue against a tectonic emplacement of the chaotic formation. Its size and internal structure, together with the size of the individual blocks, make the olistostrome a fossil equivalent of the large, gravitationally emplaced debris flows observed along present‐day continental margins and unstable volcanic edifices.
Area Cartograms: Their Use and Creation

CATMOGS (Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography) are edited by the Quantitative Methods Study Group of the Institute of British Geographers. These guides are both for the teacher, yet cheap enough for students as the basis of classwork. Each CATMOG is written by an author currently working with the technique or concept he describes. For details of membership of the Study Group, write to the Institute of British Geographers. 1 Collins, Introduction to Markov chain analysis £5 2 Taylor, Distance decay in spatial interactions £5 3 Clark, Understanding canonical correlation analysis £5 4 Openshaw, Some theoretical and applied aspects of spatial interaction shopping models (photocopy only) £5 5 Unwin, An in geography £5 7 Goddard & Kirby, An introduction to trend surface analysis £5 6 Johnston, Classification introduction to factor analysis £5 8 Daultrey, Principal components analysis £5.50 9 Davidson, Causal inferences from dichotomous variables £5 10 Wrigley, Introduction to the use of logit models in geography £5 11 Hay, Linear programming: elementary geographical applications of the transportation problem £5 12 Thomas, An introduction to quadrat analysis (2nd edition) £5 13 Thrift, An introduction to time geography £5 14 Tinkler, An introduction to graph theoretical methods in geography £5.50 15 Ferguson, Linear regression in geography £5 16 Wrigley, Probability surface mapping. An introduction with examples and FORTRAN programs. (Fiche only) £5 17 Dixon & Leach, Sampling methods for geographical research £5 18 Dixon & Leach, Questionnaires and interviews in geographical research £5.50 19 Gardiner & Gardiner, Analysis of frequency distribution (Fiche only) £5 20 Silk, Analysis of covarience and comparison of regression lines £5 21 Todd, An introduction to the use of simultaneous-equation regression analysis in geography £5 22 Pong-wai Lai, Transfer function modelling: relationship between time series variables £5 23 Richards, Stochastic processes in one dimensional series: an introduction £5.50 24 Killen, Linear programming: the Simplex method with geographical applications £5 25 Gaile & Burt, Directional statistics £5 26 Rich, Potential models in human geography £5 27 Pringle, Causal modelling: the Simon-Blalock approach £5 28 Bennett, Statistical forecasting £5 29 Dewdney, The British census £5.50 30 Silk, The analysis of variance £5.50 31 Thomas, Information statistics in geography £5 32 Kellerman, Centrographic measures in geography £5 33 Haynes, An introduction to dimensional analysis for geographers £5 34 Beaumont & Gatrell, An introduction to Q-analysis £5.50 35 The agricultural census-United Kingdom and United States £5 36 Aplin, Order-neighbour analysis £5 …
Dendritic trafficking faces fundamental 1 speed-precision tradeoffs 2

12 Most neurons have complex morphologies with long processes and dynamic, nonuniform spatial expression patterns of subcellular organelles and macromolecules. It is thought that trafficking and delivery of this subcellular cargo depends on purely local signals, rather than a global addressing system. Yet it remains unclear how such a decentralized system performs in complex morphologies. We mathematically formalize a previously proposed “sushi belt” model of microtubule transport (Doyle and Kiebler, 2011) and show how arbitrarily complex spatial distributions of cargo can be achieved by local signaling mechanisms. We reveal that this model predicts an unavoidable and physiologically critical tradeoff between speed and precision of cargo delivery that can be tested experimentally. More sophisticated variants of the sushi belt model can provide both fast and precise transport; however, these require global tuning of trafficking kinetics, and their performance is fragile to changes in the required spatial distribution of cargo. 13
Local Spatial Autocorrelation Characteristics of Landsat TM Imagery of a Managed Forest Area

RÉSUMÉ En télédétection, les paysages en continu sont échantillonnés en fonction d'une grille de pixels d'égale dimension et d'espacement régulier. Une conséquence de cette régularisation de surface est que les valeurs de pixels exhibent une autocorrélation spatiale positive. Ainsi, on peut considérer que l'étendue et la nature de l'autocorrélation spatiale constituent une caractéristique des données de télédétection utilisable en tant que source d'information. Toutefois, les mesures globales d'autocorrélation spatiale existantes fournissent peu de connaissances quant à cette caractéristique étant donné qu'elles résument en une seule mesure toutes les interrelations spatiales. Par contraste, la mesure des indicateurs locaux d'association spatiale (LISA, local indicators of spatial indicators) permet d'évaluer pour chaque pixel de l'image à la fois le degré de dépendance spatiale du pixel par rapport aux pixels voisins et l'amplitude des valeurs de variation dans le voisinage du pixel. Dans cette étude, on applique une mesure LISA, la mesure Getis (Gi*), à des images Landsat TM d'une région forestière aménagée. On note des relations entre, d'une part, l'autocorrélation spatiale au plan local telle que mesurée par (Gi*) et, d'autre part, différentes bandes Landsat TM et différents types de couvert. De plus, l'information sur la dépendance spatiale est présentée dans le contexte des polygones d'inventaire forestier indiquant la présence d'hétérogénéité ou d'homogénéité spectrale à l'intérieur des polygones forestiers. Cette recherche exploratoire confirme que l'information sur la dépendance spatiale telle que dérivée de la mesure de (Gi*) constitue une nouvelle source importante d'information spatiale pour l'évaluation des images numériques en milieu forestier
The Effect of Limb Massage on Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation and Body Temperature Changes in Patients Undergoing Surgery

Background: The use of massage as a safe method to control and manage complications after major surgery is recommended. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of this method on arterial blood oxygen saturation and temperature changes in patients after abdominal and thoracic surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing surgery in Shahrekord city in 2019. They were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling and assigned to the intervention and control groups by the blocking method. In the intervention group, a hand and foot massage was performed at 5-minute intervals for 4 sessions on each patient's limb 3 times a day. The control group received routine care. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, pulse-oximetry, and thermometer. They were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests (t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA)). Results: The mean arterial blood oxygen saturation in the groups after the intervention did not show a significant difference compared to before (P = 0.95), but its mean was significantly higher in the intervention group after the intervention than before (P < 0.001). The mean temperature in the 2 groups after the intervention did not show a significant difference compared to before (P = 0.38), but the changes in the mean were significant in the massage group after the intervention compared to before (P = 0.019). Conclusions: The hand and foot massage can be used by nurses along with the required medical care to improve arterial blood oxygen saturation and reduce body temperature. Further research in this area is suggested.
Variabilité climatique et statistiques. Etude par simulation de la puissance et de la robustesse de quelques tests utilisés pour vérifier l'homogénéité de chroniques

L'analyse statistique de series chronologiques de donnees hydrometeorologiques est un des outils d'identification de variations climatiques. Cette analyse consiste le plus souvent a la mise en œuvre et a l'interpretation de tests statistiques d'homogeneite des series. Les series hydrologiques (donnees de pluie ou de debit) se caracterisent frequemment par des effectifs faibles, et ne repondent que rarement aux conditions requises par l'application des tests statistiques dont certains sont parametriques. Nous avons cherche a evaluer, en terme de puissance et de robustesse, le comportement de quelques methodes statistiques largement employees dans les etudes de variabilite climatique. Ce travail a ete mene dans chaque cas etudie au moyen de procedures de simulations type Monte-Carlo de 100 echantillons de 50 valeurs conformes aux caracteristiques souvent rencontrees dans les series naturelles. La variabilite simulee est celle d'un changement brutal de la moyenne. Les procedures concernees sont le test de correlation sur le rang, le test de Pettitt, le test de Buishand, la procedure bayesienne de Lee et Heghinian, et la procedure de segmentation des series hydrometeorologiques de Hubert et Carbonnel. Des series artificielles soit stationnaires, soit affectees par une rupture de la moyenne, normales, non-normales, autocorrelees, presentant une tendance lineaire ou un changement brutal de la variance ont ete generees. Les conclusions de ce travail doivent etre nuancees selon la methode consideree. D'une maniere generale la puissance maximale estimee se situe autour de 50% pour des taux de rupture de la moyenne de l'ordre de 75% de la valeur de l'ecart-type. Par ailleurs il apparait que l'autocorrelation et la presence d'une tendance dans les series sont les deux caracteristiques qui penalisent le plus les performances des procedures.
Effects of the Utilization of Non-Reciprocal Trade Preferences Offered by QUAD Countries on Economic Growth in Beneficiary Countries †

The present article investigates empirically whether non-reciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs) offered by QUAD countries (Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States) to developing countries have helped to promote economic growth in the beneficiary countries. Two main blocks of NRTPs are considered here: Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) programs and other trade preferences programs. The analysis used a set of 90 beneficiary countries of NRTPs that are concurrently recipients of development aid over the period of 2002-2018. Using the two-step system generalized method of moments, the analysis indicated that while a higher degree of utilization of each of these two blocks of NRTPs has been associated with a high economic growth rate, development aid enhances this positive effect. This highlights the need for donors to support a development strategy based on the provision of both development aid and NRTPs if they are to help beneficiary countries to promote economic growth. Finally, when the positive economic growth effect of the utilization of NRTPs is higher, the result is a greater country’s share of exports (under preferential tariffs) to QUAD countries out of their total merchandise exports.
Tau protein misfolding and aggregation induced by abnormal N-glycosylation: Insights from Molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Various post translational modiﬁcations like hyper phosphorylation, O-GlycNAcylation, and acetylation have been attributed to induce the abnormal folding in tau protein. Recent in vitro studies revealed the possible involvement of N–glycosylation of tau protein in the abnormal folding and tau aggregation. Hence in this study, we performed microsecond long all atom molecular dynamics simulation to gain insights into the eﬀects of N-glycosylation on Asn-359residue which forms part of the microtubule binding region. Trajectory analysis of the stimulations coupled with essential dynamics and free energy landscape analysis suggested that tau, in its N-glycosylated form tend to exist in a largely folded conformation having high beta sheet propensity as compared to unmodiﬁed tau which exists in a large extended form with very less beta sheet propensity. Residue interaction network analysis of the lowest energy conformations further revealed that Phe378 and Lys353 are the functionally important residues in the peptide which helped in initiating the folding process and Phe378, Lys347&Lys370 helped maintaining the stability of the protein in the folded state.
Staggered Versus Adapted Grids For the Joint 3D Inversion of Surface And Well Data

Staggered grids can increase the resolution of seismic tomography while reducing the null space ambiguities: thus, they allow us to approximate the physical resolution limits of the seismic experiments in the reconstructed Earth image. However, when regular grids are adopted for this approach, we may not fully exploit their potentialities, because they cannot fit the natural space-variant resolution of seismic waves, unlike adaptive irregular grids.
Predictions of large-scale coastal tendency: development and application of a qualitative behaviour-based methodology

ABSTRACT The prediction of coastal evolution is difficult due to the variety of spatial and temporal scales over which coastal changes occur, and the inter-dependence between different geomorphic features as components of the natural system. Despite these difficulties, it remains necessary to attempt to identify coastal geomorphic issues that are relevant over decades to centuries. This paper describes the development of geomorphic tools to assist in gaining an improved understanding of coastal behaviour, based upon key controls, influences and linkages within the coastal system. These geomorphic tools are then applied to the coastline of central southern England in order to demonstrate their applicability.