Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Weather-Type-Induced Soil Erosion in Cultivated and Poorly Managed Abandoned Sloping Vineyards in the Axarquía Region (Málaga, Spain)

New trends related to market incomes, cultural human development, non-sustainable soil management practices, and climate change are affecting land abandonment in Mediterranean sloping vineyards. It is generally accepted that hydrological processes and, subsequently, soil erosion rates are usually different between cultivated and abandoned soils. However, these alterations are still poorly studied in relation to the general weather conditions in vineyards and abandoned vineyards. Thus, the main goals of this research are to (1) estimate the differences in soil properties, (2) quantify water and soil losses due to rainfall and specific soil management practices, and (3) analyze which kind of weather type and rainfall event is able to generate specific surface flows and soil loss rates. To achieve these goals, we focused on the specific case of the sloping vineyards of the Montes de Málaga (South Spain). We used 4 paired-erosion plots with Gerlach troughs to quantify soil loss and surface flow and conducted an analysis of the weather conditions during each rainfall event. The weather types that generated the highest amount of rainfall in the studied area came from the western (32.6%) and southeast (28.2%) types. The low rainfall events came from the south type (5.9%) and at the 500 hPa level, whereas the rainiest ones came from the southwest (47.7%) and south (34.1%). It is confirmed that there is a bimodality in the rainfall patterns. The results of soil erosion showed that there is a mixed mechanism depending on the state of the soil (vegetation cover, compaction, and initial soil moisture), soil management (tillage, trampling effect, and the use of herbicides). It is observed that the intensity of surface flow is highly correlated to the total rainfall amount and intensity. In the poorly managed abandoned plot, it is important to remark that the effect of tillage in the past, the elimination of the vegetation cover to preserve the soil in bare condition, and its use as a grazing area by cultivating barley highly affects the generation of the highest erosive events. Therefore, it is confirmed that these soil management options are not the most sustainable way to conserve the soil after the abandonment of cultivation.
Application of Biotechnology on Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

The potato is the most widely grown non-cereal crop and the third most important food crop in the world. Its use in biotechnology for crop enhancement has a long history since it is a species that adapts itself well to cell culture. This analysis starts with a historical overview of potato biotechnology advancements, including disease eradication, widespread hybridization, ploidy manipulation, and cell culture applications. We go through recent advancements and fresh ideas for transferring genes to potatoes. The sole effective method for producing isogenic populations of certain genotypes or varieties is by transformation. This method works particularly well for adding individual genes to current top potato clones with little to no disturbance to their genetic history. Due to the high heterozygosity in the tetraploid potato genome, it is almost difficult to achieve this using traditional breeding since the genetic makeup of potato clones is destroyed during sexual reproduction as a result of allele segregation. The creation of ge-netic mapping and the use of molecular markers and other genomics in potato breeding have both been hindered by these genetic traits. Different molecular techniques are described for genotype-phenotype associations, candidate genes, describing loci, and alleles in potato.
Characterizing estrogen behavior in effluent irrigated soils at Penn State's "living Filter" site

The increase in the presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting hormones (EDCs) in the environment has had a direct impact on aquatic organisms in the environment. Estrogen hormones, one class of EDCs have been found to elicit a feminization effect in male aquatic organisms, and some studies have documented a near collapse of certain species as a result. To better understand estrogen behavior in the environment, numerous laboratory studies have focused on estrogen interactions with solid and solution matrices. Though, to date, most of these studies have been conducted on soils in the laboratory spiked with a known estrogen, and few studies have been done on field soils that have been amended with animal and/or human waste. The main goal of this study was to increase understanding of estrogen behaviors in the environment by sampling soils that have been amended with 25+ years of wastewater effluent application at Penn State’s Living Filter site. Three estrogen hormones, two natural (estrone and 17β-estradiol) and one synthetic (17αethynylestradiol), were analyzed. In order to quantify estrogen concentrations and accumulation in the field soils, two preliminary objectives were evaluated: (1) the determination of an estrogen extraction procedure that identified method parameters yielding the largest maximum estrogen recoveries, and (2) the characterization of estrogen sorptive behavior. For the first objective, recoveries were established for the following parameters: optimal extractant, length of extraction time, number of extractions, storage method and length of time in designated storage method. Looking at three solvents: EA, DCM and
The Season and Decade of Birth Affect Dairy Cow Longevity

Dairy cow longevity is associated with three key areas: animal welfare, the economy, and the environment. In pastoral dairy systems, cows are exposed to environmental hardships and variations in feed supply associated with the seasonal growth of pastures. The objectives of this study were to generate base parameters for longevity and evaluate the effect of season and decade of birth on herd life (HL) and length of productive life (LPL) for dairy cows in pasture-based production. Records from the Dairy Herd Improvement Database at the Instituto Nacional para el Control y Mejoramiento Lechero (Uruguay) were extracted. The dataset contained 313,146 cows born between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019, classified by decade and season of birth. HL and LPL were calculated for each cow. The effects of season of birth, decade of birth, and the interaction between them on HL and LPL were evaluated using a generalized mixed model. The mean HL was 73.4 and mean LPL was 42.0 months. Cows born in spring had longer LPL and HL (p < 0.001). Cows born in the 2010s had significantly shorter HL (12.8 months) and LPL (9.14 months) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the season and decade of birth have an impact on the longevity of cows in pastoral-based systems. This study is the first to demonstrate the effect of season of birth on long-term longevity.
Frame analysis of stylistic devices in literary text interpretation

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the thesis that the use of cognitive methodsof analyzing stylistic devices, along with traditional ones, is the most effective approach inthe process of interpreting literary texts. Until recently, the study of stylistic techniques wasconducted in accordance with the traditional style, which not always led to the coverage of all theirfunctions and aspects. The processes of understanding a text cannot be limited only to the study ofthe surface structures of language units and require the involvement of cognitive operations andactivation of deep knowledge structures. The article presents a number of examples of analyzingmetaphors from literary texts that combine the methods of component, contextual analysis withcognitive frame analysis. Frame analysis defines the knowledge structures embedded in stylistictechniques, the sequential decoding of which significantly expands the integral conceptualmeaning of a literary work and more accurately reveals the author’s intent. This approach allowsus to get into the deep semantics of stylistic units and reveal their conceptual meanings morewidely. Consequently, by engaging in cognitive actions, the highest degree of understanding ofthe text is achieved in the process of its interpretation.
Evidence of a Viable but Nonculturable (VBNC) Phase in B. abortus S19 under Oxidative Stress (H2O2, -Fe2+, Bleach) and under Non-Oxidative Inhibitory Conditions (Isopropanol, Erythritol, Selenite)

The effect of oxidative stress on the survival of various Brucella species has not been fully investigated yet. We here conducted a study in which we investigated the effect of different types of oxidative stress (Fe2+, H2O2, bleach) versus non-oxidative inhibitory effects (selenite, erythritol, and isopropanol) on the survival of B. abortus S19, B. abortus S19 ∆mglA 3.14, and B. neotomae 5K33. The work focuses on the appearance of ATP–CFU quotient imbalances indicating the existence of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) form of B. abortus S19, as has previously been shown.
Intratumor tertiary lymphatic structure evaluation predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with colorectal cancer

Background Immune checkpoint therapy, involving the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. Tertiary lymphatic structure (TLS) serves as an immune indicator to predict the efficacy of PD-1 antibody therapy. However, there is no clear result whether the distribution, quantity, and maturity of TLS can be effective indicators for predicting the clinical efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Fifty-seven patients who underwent surgical resection and thirty-nine patients who received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Immunohistochemical staining and multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the mismatch repair (MMR) subtypes and TLS distribution, quantity, and maturity, respectively. Results A comprehensive patient score system was built based on TLS quantity and maturity. We found that the proportion of patients with score >1 was much higher in the deficient mismatch repair(dMMR) group than in the proficient mismatch repair(pMMR) group, and this difference was mainly due to intratumoral TLS. Patient score, based on the TLS evaluation of whole tumor, peritumor, or intratumor, was used to evaluate the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Based only on the intratumor TLS evaluation, the proportion of patients with a score >1 was higher in the response (PR + CR) group than in the non-response (PD) group. Multivariate analysis revealed that patient scores were positively correlated with the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy. Further analysis of immune-related progression-free survival was performed in patients with CRC who received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Patients with score >1 based on the intratumor TLS evaluation had significantly better survival. Conclusions These results suggest that the patient score based on intratumor TLS evaluation may be a good immune predictive indicator for PD-1 antibody therapy in patients with CRC.
Analyse de la terminologie relative aux plantes vasculaires exogènes : application à l’inventaire des archéophytes et néophytes de France hexagonale

L’étude des plantes vasculaires introduites par les humains hors de leur aire de répartition naturelle a généré une terminologie très prolifique qui est souvent devenue absconse et inutilement complexe. Durant les dernières décennies, l’écologie des invasions a cherché, au contraire, à replacer les processus d’introduction, de naturalisation et d’invasion des taxons au sein d’un cadre théorique unifié. Dès lors, la terminologie qui décrit le statut d’un taxon le long de la séquence introduction-naturalisation-invasion peut être clarifiée et simplifiée. Dans le cadre du projet d’inventaire des plantes vasculaires exogènes de France hexagonale, nous proposons de moderniser et d’harmoniser la terminologie française avec celle de la littérature internationale en se fondant, autant que possible, sur des processus écologiques. Ce travail a conduit à approfondir des notions telles que néotaxon, ainsi qu’à préciser le sens de « plante invasive » et de « plante exotique envahissante » en fonction des abondances locale (au niveau d’une population) et régionale (au niveau d’un territoire) et de la prise en compte ou non de leurs impacts. Une terminologie clarifiée devrait aussi permettre aux gestionnaires de mieux cibler et optimiser leurs stratégies de gestion.
How Will the SCOTUS Affirmative Action Ruling Affect the Integrity of University Leaders?

On June 29, 2023, the Supreme Court of the United States (“SCOTUS”) ruled on addressing the legality of race-conscious affirmative action in college admissions programs in Students for Fair Admission, Inc. Based on the ruling, our study examined the literature to answer one research question: How will the SCOTUS affirmative action ruling affect the integrity of university leaders? We now understand how post-affirmative action could affect the integrity of university leaders. We now know more about (1) leaders’ perspectives post-SCOTUS ruling, (2) leaders’ influences on the educational culture, and (3) the effects that leaders’ integrity could have after the SCOTUS Title VI 2023 ruling. We make five conjectures about what we believe will guide university leaders’ integrity post-SCOTUS ruling.
Irrigated Agriculture and the Cost Recovery Principle of Water Services: Assessment and Discussion of the Case of the Guadalquivir River Basin (Spain)

The Cost Recovery Principle (CRP) is considered by the European Union (EU) water policy as a substantial requirement for economic efficiency, transparency, fairness, and sustainability in the use of water resources. Nevertheless, the implementation of the CRP by EU Member States has encountered significant challenges, both theoretical and practical, especially regarding the accounting of environmental and resource costs related to water use by the agricultural sector. This paper aims to analyse the application of the CRP to the agricultural irrigation sector in Spain, based on the case study of the Guadalquivir River Basin. To this end, an assessment of the financial, environmental, and resource costs (and the corresponding cost recovery rates) of water services related to the irrigation sector was carried out for this specific river basin. Additionally, this study aimed to offer a much-needed discussion on the agricultural “exceptionalism” phenomenon regarding the application of the CRP at the moment when water and agricultural EU policies are being reviewed to guarantee a more sustainable development of agriculture when using such a strategic natural resource.
Lipase Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Jombang Leaves Extract (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg)

Background: Obesity is a condition that occurs due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Lipase enzymes play an important role in the process of fat metabolism, making it a target in obesity treatment strategies. Jombang plant has been used for generations as an alternative treatment for various diseases. The main content of secondary metabolite compounds in jombang plants are phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the activity and potential inhibition of jombang plant (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) against lipase enzyme in vitro. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical screening was determined by a color change reaction with certain reagents, while total phenolic content was carried out using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent spectrophotometrically. The inhibitory activity of 96% ethanol extract of jombang leaves as well as orlistat as positive control was measured by titration method and using olive oil substrate. The extract concentrations used were 125 ppm, 250 ppm, and 500 ppm. Results: Jombang leaf extract contains alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid compounds qualitatively. Determination of total phenolic content in 96% ethanol extract of jombang leaves was obtained at 12.69 ± 0.91 mgGAE/g. The highest percentage of inhibition was found at a concentration of 500 ppm which amounted to 103.85%. The difference in the percentage of inhibition in all groups showed no significant difference (Sig>0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that jombang leaf extract is able to inhibit lipase enzyme activity with the highest percentage of inhibition was 103,85%.
International climate change law. Daniel Bodanksy, Jutta Brunée, and Lavanya Rajamani. 2017. Oxford: Oxford University Press. xxxix + 374 p, softcover. ISBN 978-0-19-966430-6. £39.99.

conventional intergovernmental organisation. There are also complementary Arctic organisations that have appeared and it is a question of how the Arctic Council will handle its future endeavours as an international organisation including non-state actors. The authors reflect on these matters and conclude that the very actions undertaken by the Arctic Council might undermine its power, and I can only agree with them. Nevertheless, the future is unpredictable and it is hard to tell what the future might hold. The final chapter, written by Klaus Dodds and Mark Nuttall, looks at Greenland with a critical geopolitical perspective. There is a long history of scientific investigations and operations in Greenland, and the geophysical and climatic characteristics undoubtedly play a role in how the world approaches the island and how Greenland perceives itself. Even though the chapters are written by scholars deriving from different disciplines, they are synchronised within the framework of the overall scope of the book. The complex structure helps readers to follow the main ideas throughout the volume. All chapters are neatly combined together, which is sometimes hard in an anthology of this sort. The book is more empirically driven with a focus on contemporary Greenlandic politics, with the exception of Heinrich’s chapter. This sometimes makes the volume seem like a snapshot on the surface, and since most of the chapters are relatively short some more in-depth discussions around certain issues are totally lacking. However, the book gives the reader food for thought and insights into Greenlandic politics from an international perspective. (Maria Ackrén, Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, PO Box 1061, 3605 Nuussuaq, Greenland (maac@samf.uni.gl)).
Determining the Impacts of Environmental Contaminants to Zebra Mussels Using Genetic Biomarkers

Complex mixtures of contaminants in aquatic environments can cause varying degrees of organismal stress and effects to health. One method used to measure these effects are by using gene expression biomarkers. Evidence from a previous field study in the Niagara River Area of Concern (AOC) revealed that GST, AHR, P-gP and HSP70 were significantly down regulated in Niagara’s tributaries, and correlated with levels of contamination by PCBs, PAHs and emerging contaminants such as Triclocarban. However, as many of the chemicals were co-located, it was difficult in the field to attribute gene expression to any one individual chemical. Nevertheless, a significant relationship between GST and the antibacterial agent Triclocarban (TCC; 3, 4, 4’-trichlorocarbanilide) was found. Based on this finding, we attempted to validate this relationship by exposing zebra mussels to environmentally relevant levels of TCC. Messenger RNA was isolated from the gill of the zebra mussel and analyzed using quantitative real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results demonstrate that after seven days, the expression of the genes GST, AHR and P-gP, were significantly upregulated in a dose dependent manner at concentrations of TCC at 50 ng/L, 100 ng/L, though at 200 ng/L, while still upregulated from control expression was reduced in relation to the other treatments. Furthermore, Additional investigations of the temporal changes in the expression of GST, P-gP, and AHR linked to downstream physiological
Neural Circuitry Polarization in the Spinal Dorsal Horn (SDH): A Novel Form of Dysregulated Circuitry Plasticity during Pain Pathogenesis

Pathological pain emerges from nociceptive system dysfunction, resulting in heightened pain circuit activity. Various forms of circuitry plasticity, such as central sensitization, synaptic plasticity, homeostatic plasticity, and excitation/inhibition balance, contribute to the malfunction of neural circuits during pain pathogenesis. Recently, a new form of plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), named neural circuit polarization (NCP), was discovered in pain models induced by HIV-1 gp120 and chronic morphine administration. NCP manifests as an increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in excitatory neurons and a decrease in EPSCs in inhibitory neurons, presumably facilitating hyperactivation of pain circuits. The expression of NCP is associated with astrogliosis. Ablation of reactive astrocytes or suppression of astrogliosis blocks NCP and, concomitantly, the development of gp120- or morphine-induced pain. In this review, we aim to compare and integrate NCP with other forms of plasticity in pain circuits to improve the understanding of the pathogenic contribution of NCP and its cooperation with other forms of circuitry plasticity during the development of pathological pain.
Strategy for Tourism Development in Ex-Tin Mining, Lake Pongkar Tanjung Balai Karimun, Riau Islands, Indonesia

Government aggressively explores mining potential because of the limited ability of the state to earn revenue from other sectors. The mining activities have been taking place in Riau Islands since many years ago. Tanjung Balai Karimun is one of the lead mining regions in Riau Islands that would have a negative impact as a result of tin mining The main problem raises at the post-mining area is environmental change, a decrease in soil physical, changes in land topography and much more. Postmining activities carried out by a particular company and the community on the island resulted a gaping hole which filled with rainwater that eventually becomes a lake which is not used optimally. In this case, the Lake Pongkar has a potential to be utilized as a tourist attraction. This study aim is to make a development strategy of Lake Pongkar as a tourist attraction that can be use by the government or anyone who want to utilize excavated tin mines. Data analysis has used SWOT analysis to assess all the strategies elaborated so far to develop The lake Pongkar as a tourist attraction. The result of the study showed that Pongkar Lake can be developed as a sustainable tourism with internal and external factors owned Keywords—Tourism development strategy, resource management, lake tourism, ex-tin mining