Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the power spectral density of phase: comparison of three methods

The power spectral density (PSD) of time error (or phase) is generally modeled as a sum of power laws from f/sup -4/ (long term instabilities) to f/sup 0/ (short term instabilities), but other features may be observed in the PSD. In this paper, we compare three estimation methods of the frequency PSD without assuming a particular model: a classical Fourier analysis, an estimation using discrete n/sup th/ differences and an analysis based on orthogonal polynomials. After a description of these methods, their advantages and drawbacks are reviewed in terms of computation, of spectral sensitivity and of adaptability to particular cases (small number of samples, unregularly spaced data, .). This paper also deals with the statistics of the spectral estimates. The sensitivities of these three estimation methods are compared in the case of an assumed power law model.
Association between Sleep, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s Disease

Simple Summary Protein misfolding and aggregation in the brain are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sleep impairments are frequently observed in AD and PD patients not only as accompanying symptoms, but also as a prodrome that precedes the onset of these diseases. This suggests the potential of sleep impairments as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of, or as a target of, the treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases. Abstract The majority of neurodegenerative diseases are pathologically associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of dementia that slowly affects memory and cognitive function, and is characterized by the aggregation of the β-amyloid protein and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder typically resulting in rigidity and tremor, which is pathologically linked to the aggregation of α-synuclein, particularly in dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Sleep disorders commonly occur in AD and PD patients, and it can precede the onset of these diseases. For example, cognitively normal older individuals who have highly fragmented sleep had a 1.5-fold increased risk of subsequently developing AD. This suggests that sleep abnormalities may be a potential biomarker of these diseases. In this review, we describe the alterations of sleep in AD and PD, and discuss their potential in the early diagnosis of these diseases. We further discuss whether sleep disturbance could be a target for the treatment of these diseases.
Crosstalk between optical waveguides with applications to visual photoreceptors

The theory of Chapter 3 is extended in Chapters h to 6 to determine the crosstalk in several waveguide systems of practical interest. In Chapter h we calculate the crosstalk in systems which are not invariant in the longitudinal (z) direction. Two examples analysed in detail are tapered and non-parallel waveguides. Crosstalk between multimode waveguides in which many bound modes can propagate, is investigated in Chapter 5. A comparison of mode and ray theories for multimode waveguides is used to examine some of the difficulties associated with the two theories. Chapter 6 is devoted to crosstalk between absorbing waveguides. We show
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Computer-based Training for Newly Commissioned Surface Warfare Division Officers

Abstract : The goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the new SWOS-at-Sea training for newly commissioned surface warfare officers that was introduced in 2003. The new regime combined self-paced computer-based training (CBT) with on-the-job training (OJT) on-board an officer's ship. The study relied on a variety of analytical techniques, including a literature review of CBT and OJT training, interviews and focus groups with junior and senior surface warfare officers, and statistical analysis of test scores at the Surface Officer Division Officer Course (SWOSDOC). The literature review pointed out that no previous studies had analyzed a learning course that involved CBT when the student was also performing a full-time job. Nonetheless, the literature review noted that structured OJT is preferred to unstructured OJT, as in SWOS-at-Sea. Interviews also indicated that division officers prefer face-to-face learning and they felt they were trying to perform as division officers without the requisite skills. The statistical analysis of test scores at the SWOSDOC "leveling" course found significant differences in performance between ship type, ship home port location, commissioning source, undergraduate major, and gender. The results high-lighted significant differences in the learning environments aboard ships and suggested the need for additional research on training opportunities offered aboard ships.
Design and Development of a Two-Axis Passive Line-of-Sight Stabilization System

The line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization system is basically a system that has the capability of maintaining the sightline-for example, of an optical sensor-fixed in inertial space even when the system is subjected to an external vibrational environment. This paper examines and presents the feasibilily of using a passive LOS stabilization system to maintain the sightline stability to within 1 mrad when it is subjected to linear and angular vibrations and other disturbances. Equations of motion of the system as well as the vibrational response equations are presented. From these equations, design parameters that affect the vibrational response of the system are establishedA prototype of the LOS stabilization system has been buill. The pointing stabilily of this prototype with different values of the design parameters is evaluated and compared with simulation results. Initial test results on the prototype are encouraging, with pointing stability of less than 1 mrad on both axes, which is within the original design objective
Prediction of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States Using Google Search Trends

Accurate forecasting of emerging infectious diseases can guide public health officials inmaking appropriate decisions related to the allocation of public health resources. Due to the exponential spread of the COVID- 19 infection worldwide, several computational models for forecasting the transmission and mortality rates of COVID-19 have been proposed in the literature. To accelerate scientific and public health insights into the spread and impact of COVID-19, Google released the Google COVID-19 search trends symptoms open-access dataset. Our objective is to develop 7 and 14-day-ahead forecasting models of COVID-19 transmission and mortality in the US using the Google search trends for COVID-19 related symptoms. Specifically,we propose a stacked long short-termmemory (SLSTM) architecture for predicting COVID-19 confirmed and death cases using historical time series data combined with auxiliary time series data from theGoogle COVID- 19 search trends symptoms dataset. Considering the SLSTM networks trained using historical data only as the base models, our base models for 7 and 14- day-ahead forecasting of COVID cases had the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 6.6% and 8.8%, respectively. On the other side, our proposed models had improvedMAPE values of 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively. For 7 and 14 -day-ahead forecasting of COVID-19 deaths, the MAPE values of the base models were 4.8% and 11.4%, while the improved MAPE values of our proposed models were 4.7% and 7.8%, respectively. We found that the Google search trends for "pneumonia," "shortness of breath," and "fever" are the most informative search trends for predicting COVID-19 transmission. We also found that the search trends for "hypoxia" and "fever"were the most informative trends for forecasting COVID-19 mortality. © 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.
Walsh Function Generators for Minimum Orthogonality Error

The design procedure of a new synchronous counter type of Walsh function generator for the generation of a set of Walsh functions with the least possible error in orthogonality is developed. Each flip-flop of the counter generates synchronously one particular Walsh function in the interval 1 of normalized time during one cycle of counting. The usual design procedures for synchronous counters are not applicable because of the large number of logic variables. Using a two-dimensional plot of the enabling inputs, it turns out that the T flip-flop is the most suitable type. It is shown that by using the symmetry properties of the enabling input patterns for a generator consisting of n T flip-flops, only (log2 n)- 1 standard time sequences, from which the remaining could be derived, need be generated. These time sequences can be easily obtained by decoding the outputs of those flip-flops generating the subset of Rademacher functions. The procedure is illustrated by taking an example of the generation of the first 16 Walsh functions.
Effects of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Amounts on Low-Temperature Cracking Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Acoustic Emissions

Significant increases in the cost of asphalt paving and increased awareness of the need for sustainable infrastructure in recent years have in turn increased the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in the manufacture of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). The use of RAP reduces the overall cost of HMA and provides significant environmental benefits. Experience has shown, however, that the addition of RAP to HMA can have a negative effect on the low-temperature fracture characteristics of the pavement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of RAP amounts on the low-temperature cracking performance of asphalt mixtures. Different percentages of RAP material, ranging from 0% to 50%, were studied. The embrittlement temperature of mixtures was determined with the use of an acoustic emissions technique. The disk-shaped compact tension [DC(T)] test was used to determine the fracture energy of asphalt mixtures. DC(T) fracture tests were conducted on two control mixtures with no RAP and mixtures that contained 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% RAP. Both control and RAP mixtures were manufactured with PG 64-22 and PG 58-28 as the virgin binders, which brought the total number of mixtures tested to 12. In addition to DC(T) fracture testing, indirect tensile testing was conducted on HMA specimens that contained 20% and 40% RAP. Test results clearly indicated the effects of the presence of RAP materials on the low-temperature performance of mixtures. This study demonstrates the benefit of performing fracture tests before RAP is added to the asphalt mixture, and it demonstrates the use of an acoustic emissions-based testing procedure to screen mixtures susceptible to cracking at low temperatures.
Sizing of Converters Interfacing the Rotor of Wind Driven DFIG to the Power Grid

In this paper, the operation of the Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in the range from synchronous speed down to sub-synchronous speeds is analyzed using the power-flow approach. The objective of this analysis is to determine a ceiling for the rating of the converter interfacing the rotor of the wind driven double fed induction generator (DFIG) to the grid. Sizing the converter is an important issue in determining the economic viability of using the DFIM as a generator at synchronous and sub-synchronous speeds in wind energy conversion systems. The size of the converter is proved to be less than 10% of the rated power of the DFIG, which is 40% to 67% lower than that estimated in previous publications.
Automated Measurements of Ankle-Brachial Index: A Narrative Review

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that causes obstruction in lower limb arteries. It increases cardiovascular risk even in asymptomatic patients. Accurate diagnostic tools for identification of affected individuals are needed. Recently, there have been attempts to establish a reliable method of automated ankle-brachial index (ABI) identification. A search of PubMed database to identify studies assessing automatic ABI measurements in agreement with standard PAD diagnosis methods was conducted in December 2020. A total of 57 studies were analyzed in the review. The majority of analyzed studies found ABI measured by automatic oscillometric devices to be potentially feasible for use. Some note that, even though the Doppler and oscillometric methods are not fully interchangeable, the oscillometric devices could be used in screening. Significantly fewer publications are available on automatic plethysmographic devices. For photoplethysmography, most studies reported either good or moderate agreement with reference standards. For air plethysmography, poorer agreement with Doppler ABI is suggested. It is noted that pulse volume recording (PVR) function may improve the diagnostic accuracy of the devices.
The improvement of the artificial potential field robot path planning based on 3-D space

In order to make the trajectories of robot more close to the actual situation, and make the robot avoid obstacles which are very close to the target point to arrive at the target, in this paper the robot's path optimization in the 3-D space force field have been studied. By using the method of artificial potential field, the traditional artificial potential field theory will be improved. By adding an adjustment factor, a new repulsive force field function has been constructed, and the robot's motion trajectories will be extended to three-dimensional space. Simulating the trajectory planning through the platform of Matlab software, the simulation results show that robots can avoid obstacles effectively and arrive at the target quickly under the method of the improved artificial potential field, even if the obstacle and target is very close.
Integrative analysis of Iso-Seq and RNA-seq data reveals transcriptome complexity and differentially expressed transcripts in sheep tail fat

Background Nowadays, both customers and producers prefer thin-tailed fat sheep. To effectively breed for this phenotype, it is important to identify candidate genes and uncover the genetic mechanism related to tail fat deposition in sheep. Accumulating evidence suggesting that post-transcriptional modification events of precursor-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA), including alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA), may regulate tail fat deposition in sheep. Differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) analysis is a way to identify candidate genes related to tail fat deposition. However, due to the technological limitation, post-transcriptional modification events in the tail fat of sheep and DETs between thin-tailed and fat-tailed sheep remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we applied pooled PacBio isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) to generate transcriptomic data of tail fat tissue from six sheep (three thin-tailed sheep and three fat-tailed sheep). By comparing with reference genome, potential gene loci and novel transcripts were identified. Post-transcriptional modification events, including AS and APA, and lncRNA in sheep tail fat were uncovered using pooled Iso-Seq data. Combining Iso-Seq data with six RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data, DETs between thin- and fat-tailed sheep were identified. Protein protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were implemented to investigate the potential functions of DETs. Results In the present study, we revealed the transcriptomic complexity of the tail fat of sheep, result in 9,001 potential novel gene loci, 17,834 AS events, 5,791 APA events, and 3,764 lncRNAs. Combining Iso-Seq data with RNA-Seq data, we identified hundreds of DETs between thin- and fat-tailed sheep. Among them, 21 differentially expressed lncRNAs, such as ENSOART00020036299, ENSOART00020033641, ENSOART00020024562, ENSOART00020003848 and 9.53. 1 may regulate tail fat deposition. Many novel transcripts were identified as DETs, including 15.527. 13 (DGAT2), 13.624. 23 (ACSS2), 11.689. 28 (ACLY), 11.689. 18 (ACLY), 11.689. 14 (ACLY), 11.660. 12 (ACLY), 22.289. 6 (SCD), 22.289. 3 (SCD) and 22.289. 14 (SCD). Most of the identified DETs have been enriched in GO and KEGG pathways related to extracellular matrix (ECM). Our result revealed the transcriptome complexity and identified many candidate transcripts in tail fat, which could enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms behind tail fat deposition.
Signal and Interference Output of a Bandpass Nonlinearity

This paper deals with the passage of m signals along with additive Gaussian noise through a memoryless bandpass nonlinearity. It offers a method for finding the fundamental zone output attributable to any n input signals (including their intermodulation) which at the same time specifies the equivalent new nonlinearity seen by these signals. The fundamental (i.e, bandpass) transfer characteristic of the original nonlinearity is arbitrary and may include AM-to-PM conversion. The approach is a generalization of Blachman's treatment of the problem for a signal-plus-noise jnpdt. The analysis is based on the author's previously reported stochastic decomposition method for multiple signals feeding a bandpass nonlinearity.
Comparison of artificial neural network and multilinear regression analysis models in estimation of pulp flow speed from low coherence Doppler flowmetry measurement data

Low Coherence Doppler Flowmetry (LCDF) measurement produces a signal, which frequency domain characteristics are in connection to the speed of the flow. In this study performances of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multilinear Regression (MLR) methods in prediction of pulp flow speed from the LCDF measurement data were compared. In the study the pulp flow speed was estimated distinctly from consecutive frequency bands of the LCDF data with both methods. The smallest estimation error in flow speed with the ANN method was 20% and with the MLR method 30%, depending on the selected frequency band. The results indicate the relationship between characteristics of the LCDF measurement and pulp flow speed includes remarkable number of nonlinear components. The result is in line with theoretical calculations about the Doppler shifts occurrence in the LCDF data.
Microcavity Connceted with a Waveguide for Application to Optical Sensing

A high-performance microcavity sensor with a port connected with a waveguide directly is investigated numerically. With input light and output light transmitting in the same waveguide, we propose a robust coupling mechanism. For a circular microcavity with a diameter of 20μm and a refractive index of 1.45, our numerical results show that the coupled modes are excited and more than 5×104 Q-factor is calculated from the transmission spectrum. Dramatically, the spectrum shows a fano-shape resonance at specific wavelength which is useful for high-precision optical sensing on the order of 10-5.
Compact ultra‐wideband notch‐band bandpass filters using multiple slotline resonators

A novel extremely compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a notch band is presented.The multiple slotline resonators have been applied to construct the UWB BPF and implement the notch band within the UWB passband. Based on the transmission‐line theory, the equivalent‐circuit model of the proposed UWB notch‐band BPF has been developed. The upper cut‐off frequency and passband bandwidth of the UWB BPF, as well as the center frequency of the notched band can be adjusted by tuning the structural parameters. The proposed compact UWB notch‐band BPF using multiple slotline resonators has been designed, simulated, and measured. The measured results agree with the simulated ones closely. The notched band centered at around 5.7 GHz has 10‐dB rejection fractional bandwidths of about 2%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1132–1135, 2012
Identification of Protein Biomarker Signatures for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Using Both Nontargeted and Targeted Approaches

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an increasing number of clonal myeloid blast cells which are incapable of differentiating into mature leukocytes. AML risk stratification is based on genetic background, which also serves as a means to identify the optimal treatment of individual patients. However, constant refinements are needed, and the inclusion of significant measurements, based on the various omics approaches that are currently available to researchers/clinicians, have the potential to increase overall accuracy with respect to patient management. Using both nontargeted (label-free mass spectrometry) and targeted (multiplex immunoassays) proteomics, a range of proteins were found to be significantly changed in AML patients with different genetic backgrounds. The inclusion of validated proteomic biomarker panels could be an important factor in the prognostic classification of AML patients. The ability to measure both cellular and secreted analytes, at diagnosis and during the course of treatment, has advantages in identifying transforming biological mechanisms in patients, assisting important clinical management decisions.
Value of Travel Time Savings under Random Taste Heterogeneity

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of travel time savings (VTTS) of urban travelers in the setting of a city in a developing country. It contributes to the few empirical studies on calculations of the benefits of transportation facility development and evaluation. In practice, VTTS can be taken as an average value for the population. However, the wider socioeconomic disparities among travelers in cities in developing countries might suggest significant taste variations. The standard logit formulation fails to account for such random tastes. To capture the heterogeneity among individuals and the correlations between alternatives, this study explores the aptness and flexibility of the mixed logit formulation with revealed-preference data. By specifying a random travel time coefficient, it compares the total travel time savings by using different statistical distributions. Depending on the assumed statistical distribution of the travel time coefficient, the study reveals that significant increases in total travel time savings are achieved by the use of random coefficients logit compared with those achieved by the use of standard logit. The results indicate that by accounting for random taste variations among individuals, total VTTS increases by a minimum of 28% and a maximum of more than 80% compared with the values obtained by the fixed coefficients approach.
SOCIALIZATION OF THE IMPACT OF VIOLENCE THROUGH MASS MEDIA ON AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

Society in the current era of reformation has actually been presented with the naked staging of what the French poststructuralist thinker Jean Baudrillard (1983) calls a 'theater of cruelty'. As theater, violence, cruelty and ruthlessness have become a kind of ritual that is staged into the public sphere. Violence has become a discourse in the public sphere. The social learning theory proposition states that humans imitate and identify by learning through observing the behavior of others around them, including through mass media. The purpose of community service activities (PkM) is to socialize the impact of violent broadcasts on aggressive behavior, given the role of the mass media as a double-edged knife, having both a function and a dysfunction. The function of the media to inform reality can ultimately have negative side effects. The method of implementation is done through Learning Methodology, a method that focuses on participant participation. The result of this PkM activity is an increase in public awareness of the impact of the mass media. Because if society is constantly being fed with the values of violence, over time there will be an assumption that violence is commonplace, and will make the community insensitive to violence. As a result, in a broad sense, there will be chaos in the social values and norms of society, where the good and true values are confused.