Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lateral inhibition and the processing of speech evoked activity in the auditory nerve

A relatively simple and biologically realistic model of a uniform lateral inhibitory (LIN) network is shown capable of extracting from the complex spatio‐temporal firing patterns of the cat's auditory nerve the formants and low‐order harmonics of synthetic voiced speech stimuli. The model provides a realistic mechanism to utilize the temporal aspects of the firing and thus supports the hypothesis that the neural coding of complex sounds in terms of average rates can be supplemented by the information coded in the synchronous firing. At low levels of intensity the LIN sharpens the average rate profiles. At moderate and high levels the LIN uses the cues available in the distribution of phases of the synchronous activity which exhibit rapid relative phase shifts at specific CF locations (corresponding to the frequencies of the formant and low‐order harmonies in the stimulus). These temporal phase shifts manifest themselves at the input of the LIN as steep and localized spatial discontinuities in the instanta.
Numerical simulations of axisymmetric accretion flows

We study properties of axisymmetric accretion flow on to a gravitating compact object from a uniform flow by performing pure hydrodynamic calculations. At first a comparison is made between a numerical solution and an analytic solution based on a ballistic orbit theory, and it is found that the analytic solution is an extremely good approximation even for Mach numbers as low as 1.4. Next, results are presented for Mach numbers of 0.6, 1.4, 2.4, 5 and 10, and for a ratio of specific heats of 5/3. The accretion rate, the stand-off distance of the bow shock and the stagnation point on the rear axis are computed based on various boundary conditions.
The product formula

A useful property of the Brouwerdegree relates the degree of a composition of maps to the degree of each map. This property, which can be generalized for the Leray Schauder degree and in some cases for the A-proper maps is called the Product Formula. In a previous paper we developed a generalized degree theory for a class of mappings, this class contains the class of A-proper mappings and compact mappings. In this paper we prove a generalization of the Product Formula when one factor is of the Identity+Compact type and the other is an A-compact mapping.
Relationship of radiation-induced genomic instability and antioxidant production in the chamomile plant

Abstract Purpose To verify the hypothesis about the preservation of signs of radiation-induced genomic instability at the flowering stage of the chamomile plant after pre-sowing seed irradiation, the interaction of dose-dependent changes in the level of DNA damage and stimulation of antioxidant production. Materials and methods The study was carried out on two genotypes of chamomile, Perlyna Lisostepu variety and its mutant, using pre-sowing seed radiation exposure at dose levels 5–15 Gy. Studies of the rearrangement of the primary DNA structure of under different doses were studied on plant tissues at the flowering stage using – ISSR and RAPD DNA markers. Dose-dependent changes relative to the control of the amplicons’ spectra were analyzed using the Jacquard similarity index. Antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenols were isolated from pharmaceutical raw materials (inflorescences) using traditional methods. Results Preservation of multiple DNA damages at the stage of plant flowering under pre-sowing seed irradiation at low doses was confirmed. It was found that the largest rearrangements of the primary DNA structure of both genotypes, manifested in reduced similarity with the control spectra of amplicons, were observed under irradiation dose levels 5–10 Gy. There was a tendency to approach this indicator to the control under 15 Gy dose, which means increasing efficiency of the reparative processes. The relationship between the polymorphism of the primary structure of DNA by ISSR-RAPD-markers in different genotypes and the nature of its rearrangement under radiation exposure was shown. Dose dependences of changes in the specific content of antioxidants were non-monotonic with a maximum at 5–10 Gy. Conclusions Comparison of dose dependences of changes in the coefficient of similarity of the spectrum of amplicons between irradiated and control variants with nonmonotonic dose curves in the specific content of antioxidants allowed to suggest that there was the antioxidant protection stimulation under the doses corresponding to low efficiency of repair processes. The decrease in the specific content of antioxidants followed the restoration of the genetic material normal state. The interpretation of the identified phenomenon has been based on both known connection between the effects of genomic instability and the increasing yield of the reactive oxygen species and general principles of antioxidant protection.
Blood pressure-related white matter microstructural disintegrity and associated cognitive function impairment in asymptomatic adults

Background and objectives We aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) microstructural/cytostructural disintegrity patterns related to higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), and whether they mediate SBP effects on cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. Methods Using the UK Biobank study of community-dwelling volunteers aged 40–69 years, we included participants without a history of stroke, dementia, demyelinating disease or traumatic brain injury. We investigated the association of SBP with MRI diffusion metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), intracellular volume fraction (a measure of neurite density), isotropic (free) water volume fraction (ISOVF) and orientation dispersion across WM tracts. Then, we determined whether WM diffusion metrics mediated the effects of SBP on cognitive function. Results We analysed 31 363 participants—mean age of 63.8 years (SD: 7.7), and 16 523 (53%) females. Higher SBP was associated with lower FA and neurite density, but higher MD and ISOVF. Among different WM tracts, diffusion metrics of the internal capsule anterior limb, external capsule, superior and posterior corona radiata were most affected by higher SBP. Among seven cognitive metrics, SBP levels were only associated with ‘fluid intelligence’ (adjusted p<0.001). In mediation analysis, the averaged FA of external capsule, internal capsule anterior limb and superior cerebellar peduncle mediated 13%, 9% and 13% of SBP effects on fluid intelligence, while the averaged MD of external capsule, internal capsule anterior and posterior limbs, and superior corona radiata mediated 5%, 7%, 7% and 6% of SBP effects on fluid intelligence, respectively. Discussion Among asymptomatic adults, higher SBP is associated with pervasive WM microstructure disintegrity, partially due to reduced neuronal count, which appears to mediate SBP adverse effects on fluid intelligence. Diffusion metrics of select WM tracts, which are most reflective of SBP-related parenchymal damage and cognitive impairment, may serve as imaging biomarkers to assess treatment response in antihypertensive trials.
Analysis and Design of Thin Planar Absorbing Structure Using Jerusalem Cross Slot

A detailed analysis and design of thin planar absorbing structure using Jerusalem cross slot (JCS) is presented in this paper. Based on uniplanar compact high-impedance surface characteristics, the resistance loss material layer can be directly attached to the surface of JCS structure, thus absorbing electromagnetic waves efiectively. The improved design is characterized by its wider bandwidth and adjustable range. The absorption frequency band can be ∞exibly adjusted by the slot parameters. The in∞uences of various structure parameters of JCS, including incident wave polarization and variation of incident angles on the absorption properties, are analyzed to provide guidance on theoretical design for practical application. The loaded resistance can be adjusted to obtain the optimum absorbing performance. The validation and efiectiveness of the proposed design are conducted by using X-band waveguide simulation and measurement.
PHYLLOTAXIS AS A DYNAMICAL SELF ORGANIZING PROCESS. PART I: THE SPIRAL MODES RESULTING FROM TIME-PERIODIC ITERATIONS

Abstract This article is the first of a series of three in which the various phyllotaxic modes are shown to result from successive iterations of two possible simple dynamical systems. In this first part the hypotheses put forward by Hofmeister (1868) for the formation of primordia are re-examined and shown to form the rules of such a system. By means of a physics experiment and a numerical simulation, it is demonstrated that this system gives rise to the self organization of the spiral phyllotactic structures. The dynamic is controlled by only one parameter,G, equivalent to Richard's plastochrome ratio (1951), which characterizes growth. The diagram representing the values of the divergence angle as a function of the plastochrome ratio resembles that obtained geometrically by van Iterson (1907). In the present results, however, only one branch of solutions is continuous for all values ofG; this difference with the geometrical results is important. The predominance of Fibonacci order in botany is related to this continuity: during the ontogeny, because of the continuous decrease inG, only this branch is followed. In this framework the build-up of such complex structures as the inflorescence of compositae is described.
Identification of Highly Predictable Flow Elements for Spatial Filtering of Medium- and Extended-Range Numerical Forecasts

Abstract To determine if some flow components are systematically forecast more accurately than others, 990 wintertime medium-range forecasts made at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are examined. It is found that forecasts skill of 500-mb extratropical large-scale heights tends to be a function of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) index, with those components that project onto the leading EOFs being markedly better forecast than the components that project onto the hailing EOFS. This is true for instantaneous forecasts of as long as 10 days’ duration. Furthermore, by answering the question, Of all possible structures which structure on average is most accurately forecast? the potential for constructing a basis that is even more adept than EOFs at distinguishing well-forecast from poorly forecast flow elements is shown. Similarly, it is found that 10-day average ECMWF forecasts, as well as 29-day average forecasts produced by a general circulation model at the National Cente.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Teach-Back for Patients and Families With Heart Failure

Background Heart failure (HF) prevalence has risen for more than a decade. Effective patient and family education strategies for HF are needed on a global scale. One widely used method of education is the teach-back method, where learners are provided information, then their understanding assessed by “teaching it back” to the educator. Purpose This state-of-the-art review article seeks to examine the evidence focusing on the teach-back method of patient education and patient outcomes. Specifically, this article describes (1) the teach-back process, (2) teach-back's effect on patient outcomes, (3) teach-back in the context of family care partners, and (4) recommendations for future research and practice. Conclusions Study investigators report the use of teach-back, but few describe how teach-back was utilized. Study designs vary widely, with few having a comparison group, making conclusions across studies challenging. The effect of teach-back on patient outcomes is mixed. Some studies showed fewer HF readmissions after education using teach-back, but different times of measurement obscure understanding of longitudinal effects. Heart failure knowledge improved across most studies after teach-back interventions; however, results related to HF self-care were mixed. Despite family care partner involvement in several studies, how they were included in teach-back or the associated effects are unclear. Clinical implications Future clinical trials that evaluate the effect of teach-back education on patient outcomes, such as short- and long-term readmission rates, biomarkers, and psychological measures, are needed, as patient education is the foundation for self-care and health-related behaviors.
Direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China

Autism spectrum disorder has gained international attention due to its prevalence and the extent to which it can affect families. As a disorder without quantifiable treatment effects, it is easily overlooked in the battle for resources. Estimating family economic burdens and the specific factors that may be associated with them could help in the identification of resources and the promotion of social justice. We examined the family costs from a national family survey with Children with autism spectrum disorder aged 2–6 years (N = 3236). A three-tiered model to quantify the costs was used. The families’ average annual direct cost per child was $24,869.0, including direct medical cost (inpatient, outpatient,drugs, etc.) of $6009.2 and direct nonmedical cost (rehabilitation or educational, rental, transportation, care, and others) of $18,859.8. The annual indirect costs (productivity loss from resignation and job adjustment) for families were $13,990.7. The total costs were $34,206.5. The results of the regression revealed that the mothers’ educational level was significantly associated with costs. Families with an interprovincial immigration background, a higher-than-average income, or children with more severe autism spectrum disorder had a greater possibility of higher direct, indirect, and overall costs. Autism spectrum disorder imposed a significant financial burden on the families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract This is the first comprehensive national study to explore the direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder highlights a growing need for resources to provide care for families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The medical and nonmedical costs and parents’ productivity loss have caused a serious burden on their families. Our objective is to estimate the direct and indirect costs for the families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The target population was parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. We analyzed the costs using cross-sectional data from a Chinese national family survey with children aged 2–6 years (N = 3236) who were clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Family data from 30 provinces in China were obtained. Cost items included direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs. In this study, we found that the largest part of family costs for autism spectrum disorder are nonmedical costs and productivity loss. Autism spectrum disorder has imposed a huge economic burden on parents having children with autism spectrum disorder in China, who need more support than the current health care system provides.
Modulation Nonlinear Generation of the Magnetic Fields in a Dense Plasma

The effect of generation of a magnetic field by modulational instability of strong electrostatic waves is generalized for the case of frequent electron-ion collision. Selfconsistent nonlinear equations for magnetic and electrostatic fields are obtained for the case when the characteristic wave-length is much larger than the electron mean free path for binary collisions. Magnetic field generation is examined in this case. The spectrum of field fluctuations is calculated.
Stationary cavitation bubbles forming on a delta wing vortex

Vortex cavitation forming in the leading-edge vortices of a delta wing was examined to determine how the individual cavitation bubbles incepted, grew, interacted with the underlying vortical flow and produced acoustic tones. The non-cavitating vortical flow over the delta wing was chosen to be similar to those previously reported in the literature. It was found that vortex breakdown was unaffected by the presence of incipient and developed vortex cavitation bubbles in the vortex core. While some cavitation bubbles incepted, grew, and collapsed relatively quickly, others reached an equilibrium position wherein the bubble tip was stationary in the laboratory frame at a particular location along the vortex axis. For a given attack angle, the equilibrium location moved upstream with a reduction in free stream cavitation number. It is shown that the existence of these stationary vortex bubbles is possible when there is a balance between the axial growth of the bubble along the vortex axis and the opposite moti.
Influence of hydrogen functionalization on thermal conductivity of graphene: Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations

The influence of hydrogen coverage on the thermal conductivity of typical armchair hydrogen functionalized graphene is investigated using a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. We also study the effects of easy-rotation of unsupported sp3 bonds. We find that the system exhibits a rapid drop in thermal conductivity with hydrogen coverage, where hydrogen coverage down to as little as 2.5% of the graphene carbon atoms reduces the thermal conductivity by about 40%. The simulation results indicate that the effect is due to a reduction in the phonon mean free path.
Implementing Coteaching and Cogenerative Dialoguing in Urban Science Education

Over the past 7 years the authors have been involved in the development of a new model for the education of science teachers that has the potential to address teacher education in challenging urban settings characterized by problems such as teacher turnover and retention, low job satisfaction, and contradictions arising from cultural and ethnic diversity. An intensive research program accompanied the development effort; the research results were used as resources in redesigning the evolving model to make it more appropriate for the situations at hand. The science teacher education program at an urban university was built around a yearlong field experience, during which all prospective teachers learned to teach in an urban high school while coteaching, that is, while teaching at the elbow of a mentor teacher or one or more peers. Over this period, a number of different configurations of coteaching and the associated cogenerative dialoguing were tried, tested, and investigated. The paper describes the historical development of the different configurations of the model and the emergent contradictions that led the researchers to enact changes to their approach. The central idea in the development effort was the creation of an environment that (a) best affords the learning of how to teach in urban high schools, (b) decreases teacher isolation, (c) mitigates turnover and retention, and (d) addresses contradictions arising from the cultural and ethnic diversity of students and teachers. Most importantly, this model of teacher education and enhancement simultaneously multiplies the resources and opportunities to support the learning of students.
Adaptive output feedback for high-bandwidth flight control

Adaptive Output Feedback for High-Bandwidth Flight Control A novel adaptive output feedback approach for high-bandwidth flight-control system design is introduced. The approach permits adaptation to both parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. Of particular interest here is the interaction with poorly modeled high-frequency dynamics. An approximate output feedback linearizing controller is augmented with a neural network. Adaptation is achieved using input/output sequences of the uncertain system. Actuation limits and time delays are also addressed. The approach is illustrated by the design of a pitch-angle flight-control system for a linearized model of an R-50 experimental helicopter.
Prognosis of Acute Low‐Tone Hearing Loss Without Vertigo: A Scoping Review

Despite its relatively high prevalence, our understanding of the natural clinical course of acute low‐tone hearing loss (ALHL) without vertigo remains incomplete. The purpose of this study is to summarize the findings of studies that evaluated recovery from hearing loss (HL), recurrence and/or fluctuation of HL, and progression to Meniere's Disease (MD) of patients presenting with ALHL without vertigo.
Occupational value outcomes among people with mental health issues participating in activity-based interventions – The importance of internal and external factors

Abstract Background Perceived occupational value is an important treatment outcome but is still relatively unexplored as a phenomenon. Aim To evaluate whether the Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) intervention for people with mental health issues was effective compared to Standard Occupational Therapy (SOT) regarding improvement on three dimensions of occupational value (concrete, socio-symbolic and self-reward), and how internal factors (self-esteem and self-mastery) and external factors (sociodemographics) were related to occupational value. Methods The study was a cluster RCT (n = 226) and used self-report questionnaires on three occasions (baseline = T1, completed intervention = T2, six-month follow-up = T3). Results No differences between the groups were seen in occupational value change scores. Within-group analyses (T1–T3) indicated a change in the BEL group on concrete value and self-reward value. No change was indicated in the SOT group. Associations showed that self-esteem and self-mastery were correlated with all three aspects of occupational value. Having children was negative for experiencing occupational value, whereas having a friend was positive. None of the correlates could predict changes in occupational value. Conclusion Self-related factors appeared to be integral in occupational value. Significance Since occupational value is essential for a meaningful life, therapists should consider such factors and peer support when supporting people with mental health issues.