Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of prescription pattern of drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis in a tertiary care teaching hospital: an observational study

Background: Osteoarthritis(OA) is a major cause of chronic pain and lower extremity disability among the elderly due to its predilection for lower extremity joints such as the knee and hip. Although Paracetomol is the initial drug of choice, NSAIDS are also frequently used in the symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis. But still, there is a need for safe and effective alternative treatments which would provide both symptomatic improvement and disease modifying effects in OA. The primary objective was to study the prescribing pattern of drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, observational study was conducted on newly diagnosed as well as old treated patients with osteoarthritis from orthopaedic outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of one hundred and eighty-eight patients were enrolled after screened for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was recorded in a specially designed proforma which include information regarding the demographic profile of the patients and about the pattern of drugs prescribed. Results: Out of one hundred eighty-eight patients who were affected with Osteoarthritis, females (57.9%) were more commonly affected than males (42%). OA knee (77%) either unilateral or bilateral was most commonly affected, followed by hip joint, spine and other joints. NSAIDS were more frequently prescribed in 76.6% patients than paracetamol which was prescribed in only 34 % of patients and that only in combination with NSAIDS and opioids. Various other drugs were also used as adjunct therapies that included gastroprotective agents in 49% of patients, Calcium in 54% of patients, Vitamin D3 supplements in 51% of patients and symptomatic slow acting drugs for OA (SYSADOA) which included diacerin and glucosamine sulfate as combination in 11% of patients. Conclusions: Our study showed Osteoarthritis knee being most common among female patients. Paracetamol and SYSADOA being under prescribed and NSAIDS are the most frequently used drugs in OA. National drug policy is needed to rationalize the drug use and bring awareness among the prescribing doctors.
On calculation of 3-D eddy currents in conducting and magnetic shells

The impedance type boundary conditions are derived for 3-D eddy currents in conducting and magnetic shells. These boundary conditions are then represented only in terms of magnetic field. This leads to a new magnetic scalar potential formulation for 3-D eddy currents in conducting and magnetic shells. This scalar potential formulation is reduced to weak Galerkin forms. The finite element discretization of these forms results in volume and surface "stiffness" matrices. >
Research note: sensitivity of SES-crime relationships to the inclusion or exclusion of extreme neighborhoods

Abstract Objectives: This research examines whether SES-crime relationships in Detroit, Michigan, are influenced by including or excluding the highest and lowest one per cent of neighborhoods in SES from correlation and regression analyses. Methods: We studied 879 census block groups in Detroit, Michigan from 2011–2015. SES variables are ratios of (a) per cent in poverty; (b) per cent renters; and (c) the ratio of vacant or demolished units to rented or owned units. Dependent variables include residential burglaries, domestic and non-domestic assaults. Relationships were calculated with and without extreme block groups. Results: SES-crime correlations over space are surprisingly small and can be affected by a few extreme neighborhoods. Some SES-crime correlations are not robust. Regression analyses show that omission of extreme neighborhoods can reverse signs or remove statistical significance. Conclusions: Future researchers should examine the impact of extreme values explicitly before embarking on further analysis.
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANURE ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE

Sve češći klimatski ekstremi stavljaju u prvi plan potrebu korištenja navodnjavanja. Ovo istraživanje pokušava odgovoriti koliko vode i kada dodati, uz primjenu odgovarajuće količine dušika, za postizanje visokih i kvalitetnih uroda. Tijekom 2000. i 2002. godine postavljen je poljski pokus po split-plot metodi na pokušalištu Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek. Glavni čimbenik (A) je bilo održavanje sadržaja vode u tlu u 3 stepenice (A1 80-100 % PVK; A2 65-100 % PVK; A3 kontrola), a podčimbenik (B) gnojidba dušikom u 3 stepenice (B1 100 kg N/ha; B2 150 kg N/ha i B3 200 kg N/ha). Odreñena su fizikalna i kemijskih svojstava tla i vode za navodnjavanje. U vegetaciji je praćen sadržaj vode u tlu te se pristupalo navodnjavanju kada se sadržaj vode spustio na donju vrijednost A1 ili A2 varijante. Navodnjavalo se samohodnim vučenim rasprskivačem (tifon) s vodom koja nije imala ograničenja. Dušik je dodan u osnovnoj obradi, prije sjetve i kroz prihranu. Tijekom istraživanja praćeni su klimatski pokazatelji, stanje usjeva te visina biljke do klipa i metlice. Na kraju vegetacije odreñene su komponente uroda s 10 klipova (dužina klipa, broj redova zrna, broj zrna na klipu, masa zrna s klipa, hektolitarska masa, masa 1000 zrna, suha tvar, randman te sadržaj dušika u zrnu kukuruza). Nakon žetve uzeti su uzorci zrna u cilju odreñivanja sadržaja dušika pojedinoj varijanti navodnjavanja i gnojidbe. Urod kukuruza je bio pod značajnim utjecajem godine (2002. godini veći za 1,49 t/ha prema 2000.). Signifikantno veći urodi bili su na varijantama najviše razine navodnjavanja. Varijanta B3 dala je signifikantno veći urod samo u 2002. godini. Signifikantan do vrlo signifikantan utjecaj navodnjavanja utvrñen je kod visine do klipa i vrha metlice, mase zrna na klipu i mase 1000 zrna, a hektolitrska masa u 2000.godini. U 2000. godini signifikantan utjecaj B3 utvrñen je kod svojstva broja redova zrna na klipu, a u 2002. godini kod svojstava dužine klipa i mase zrna na klipu. Svaka viša varijanta gnojidbe dušikom rezultirala je signifikantno većim sadržajem dušika u tlu, ali tek u 2002. godini.
ALMA characterizes the dust temperature of z ∼ 5.5 star-forming galaxies

The infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of main-sequence galaxies in the early Universe (z > 4) is currently unconstrained as IR continuum observations are time-consuming and not feasible for large samples. We present Atacama Large Millimetre Array Band 8 observations of four main-sequence galaxies at z ∼ 5.5 to study their IR SED shape in detail. Our continuum data (rest-frame 110 $\rm \mu m$, close to the peak of IR emission) allows us to constrain luminosity-weighted dust temperatures and total IR luminosities. With data at longer wavelengths, we measure for the first time the emissivity index at these redshifts to provide more robust estimates of molecular gas masses based on dust continuum. The Band 8 observations of three out of four galaxies can only be reconciled with optically thin emission redward of rest-frame $100\, {\rm \mu m}$. The derived dust peak temperatures at z ∼ 5.5 ($30\! -\! 43\, {\rm K}$) are elevated compared to average local galaxies, however, $\sim 10\, {\rm K}$ below what would be predicted from an extrapolation of the trend at z < 4. This behaviour can be explained by decreasing dust abundance (or density) towards high redshifts, which would cause the IR SED at the peak to be more optically thin, making hot dust more visible to the external observer. From the $850{\hbox{-}}{\rm \mu m}$ dust continuum, we derive molecular gas masses between 1010 and $10^{11}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ and gas fractions (gas over total mass) of $30\! -\! 80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (gas depletion times of $100\! -\! 220\, {\rm Myr}$). All in all, our results provide a first measured benchmark SED to interpret future millimetre observations of normal, main-sequence galaxies in the early Universe.
Chest X-Ray Diagnostic Quality Assessment: How Much Is Pixel-Wise Supervision Needed?

Chest X-ray is an important imaging method for the diagnosis of chest diseases. Chest radiograph diagnostic quality assessment is vital for the diagnosis of the disease because unqualified radiographs have negative impacts on doctors’ diagnosis and thus increase the burden on patients due to the re-acquirement of the radiographs. So far no algorithms and public data sets have been developed for chest radiograph diagnostic quality assessment. Towards effective chest X-ray diagnostic quality assessment, we analyze the image characteristics of four main chest radiograph diagnostic quality issues, i.e. Scapula Overlapping Lung, Artifact, Lung Field Loss, and Clavicle Unflatness. Our experiments show that general image classification methods are not competent for the task because the detailed information used for quality assessment by radiologists cannot be fully exploited by deep CNNs and image-level annotations. Then we propose to leverage a multi-label semantic segmentation framework to find the problematic regions, and then classify the quality issues based on the results of segmentation. However, subsequent classification is often negatively affected by certain small segmentation errors. Therefore, we propose to estimate a distance map that measures the distance from a pixel to its nearest segment, and use it to force the prediction of semantic segmentation more holistic and suitable for classification. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our semantic-segmentation-based solution for chest X-ray diagnostic quality assessment. However, general segmentation-based algorithms requires fine pixel-wise annotations in the era of deep learning. In order to reduce reliance on fine annotations and further validate how important pixel-wise annotations are, weak supervision for segmentation is applied, and demonstrates its ability close to that of full supervision. Finally, we present ChestX-rayQuality, a chest radiograph data set, which comprises 480 frontal-view chest radiographs with semantic segmentation annotations and four labels of quality issue. Also, other 1212 chest radiographs with limited annotations are imported to validate our algorithms and arguments on larger data set. These two data set will be made publicly available.
What Should Be Considered When Assessing Hyperacusis? A Qualitative Analysis of Problems Reported by Hyperacusis Patients

Hyperacusis (decreased sound tolerance) is a prevalent complaint. Yet, to date, no research has qualitatively evaluated the types of problems experienced by adults with hyperacusis. Our service evaluation aims to determine the hyperacusis-related problem domains reported by patients and the degree to which these domains were reported together. Retrospective analysis was conducted on an anonymised clinical dataset from 306 patients who attended a UK tinnitus and hyperacusis treatment centre between 1994 and 2017. Conventional content analysis was used to categorise responses to the question ‘Why is hyperacusis a problem? ’ into domains which were then subjected to a cluster analysis. Twenty-five problem domains were identified, of which 12 were further classified into three overarching categories. ‘Fear’, ‘Reduced quality of life’ and ‘Physical reaction to sound’ were most frequently reported problems. Cluster analysis revealed that ‘Sleep difficulties’ and ‘Despondency’, were commonly reported together. Adults with hyperacusis face many challenges in their everyday lives. The nature of these problems indicates the need to develop complex interventions and assessments to aid management of hyperacusis. Current hyperacusis questionnaires may be useful in identifying some problem domains, but further assessment thorough patient interviews is required to fully explore all potential problems and make informed decisions about treatment.
The Cayley Determinant of the Determinant Tensor and the Alon-Tarsi Conjecture

Given a base on a vector space of dimensionn, we can represent a tensor of orderrwith a hypermatrix of dimensionnand orderr. Then, the standard determinant tensor is represented by a hypermatrixHof order and dimensionn. Gherardelli showed that the Cayley determinant ofH, timesn! , is equal to the number of even Latin squares of ordernminus the number of odd Latin squares of ordern. The AlonÂ? Tarsi conjecture says that this difference is not zero, whenevernis even. Ifnis odd the difference is zero, but the conjecture can be extended to the odd case by computing the difference only for Latin squares which have the entries of the diagonal equal to 1. In this paper we use the Laplace rule in order to compute the Cayley determinant, and we prove that the difference between the number of even Latin squares and the number of odd Latin squares is nonnegative. We also prove the AlonÂ? Tarsi conjecture for Latin squares of orderc2r, whereris a positive integer and eithercis an even integer for which the Alon-Tarsi conjecture is true, orcis an odd integer such that the extended Alon-Tarsi conjecture is true forcand forc+1.
Pulmonary thromboembolism and ‘ temporary ’ patent foramen ovalis : ischaemic stroke due to paradox embolism

CLINICAL RESEARCH Prevention and epidemiology
A new osmiine bee with a spectacular geographic disjunction: Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Anthophila, Megachilidae)

A new osmiine bee species, Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevaesp. nov. (Megachilidae), is described. So far, this species is exclusively known from the Mercantour National Park in the southwestern French Alps and from mountainous ranges in Turkey and northern Iraq, two areas separated by at least 2000 km. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes revealed that H. onosmaevae is closely related to H. adunca (Panzer, 1798), H. benoisti (Alfken, 1935) and H. manicata (Morice, 1901). Hoplitis onosmaevae is presumably narrowly oligolectic and harvests pollen only on flowers of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae). It has a particularly long proboscis, which is probably an adaptation to collect nectar from the long-tubed flowers of this plant genus. The females collect pollen by buzzing the Onosma flowers, a rare behavior in megachilid bees. The species nests in insect burrows in dead wood, similar to H. adunca and H. manicata but unlike other closely related representatives of the subgenus Hoplitis, suggesting a single origin of nesting in dead wood and hollow stems in this lineage. In France, H. onosmaevae inhabits alpine steppe-like habitats close to forests and appears to be extremely local, since only two populations are currently known. The conservation status of this extremely rare bee species in Europe is discussed.
Multiple phases in modularity-based community detection

Detecting communities in a network, based only on the adjacency matrix, is a problem of interest to several scientific disciplines. Recently, Zhang and Moore have introduced an algorithm [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 18144 (2014)], called mod-bp, that avoids overfitting the data by optimizing a weighted average of modularity (a popular goodness-of-fit measure in community detection) and entropy (i.e., number of configurations with a given modularity). The adjustment of the relative weight, the "temperature" of the model, is crucial for getting a correct result from mod-bp. In this work we study the many phase transitions that mod-bp may undergo by changing the two parameters of the algorithm: the temperature T and the maximum number of groups q. We introduce a new set of order parameters that allow us to determine the actual number of groups q̂, and we observe on both synthetic and real networks the existence of phases with any q̂∈{1,q}, which were unknown before. We discuss how to interpret the results of mod-bp and how to make the optimal choice for the problem of detecting significant communities.
Modeling the evolution of development topics using Dynamic Topic Models

As the development of a software project progresses, its complexity grows accordingly, making it difficult to understand and maintain. During software maintenance and evolution, software developers and stakeholders constantly shift their focus between different tasks and topics. They need to investigate into software repositories (e.g., revision control systems) to know what tasks have recently been worked on and how much effort has been devoted to them. For example, if an important new feature request is received, an amount of work that developers perform on ought to be relevant to the addition of the incoming feature. If this does not happen, project managers might wonder what kind of work developers are currently working on. Several topic analysis tools based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) have been proposed to analyze information stored in software repositories to model software evolution, thus helping software stakeholders to be aware of the focus of development efforts at various time during software evolution. Previous LDA-based topic analysis tools can capture either changes on the strengths of various development topics over time (i.e., strength evolution) or changes in the content of existing topics over time (i.e., content evolution). Unfortunately, none of the existing techniques can capture both strength and content evolution. In this paper, we use Dynamic Topic Models (DTM) to analyze commit messages within a project's lifetime to capture both strength and content evolution simultaneously. We evaluate our approach by conducting a case study on commit messages of two well-known open source software systems, jEdit and PostgreSQL. The results show that our approach could capture not only how the strengths of various development topics change over time, but also how the content of each topic (i.e., words that form the topic) changes over time. Compared with existing topic analysis approaches, our approach can provide a more complete and valuable view of software evolution to help developers better understand the evolution of their projects.
Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Tumor of the Pancreas Concomitant with Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Background: Despite the recent progress of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, the clinical course of patients with ductal carcinoma (DC) of the pancreas remains dismal. Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas (IPMT) is sometimes accompanied by malignant diseases of the other organs and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Thus, IPMT may be a potential diagnostic clue to DC of the pancreas at early phase. Methods: Clinicopathologic findings of 7 Japanese patients with IPMT of the pancreas concomitant with independent DC were examined and compared with those of 69 patients with IPMT alone and of 70 with DC alone. Results: The seven patients corresponded to 9.2% of 76 patients with IPMT and 9.1% of 77 patients with DC. The seven male patients ranged from 55 to 75 years with a mean of 64.3. DC was synchronous with IPMT in five patients, metachronous to IPMT (4 years after IPMT) in one, and synchronous with IPMT and metachronous to IPMT and DC (7 years after IPMT) in the other. In 4 patients, the presence of IPMT led to the diagnosis of DC. All the 7 IPMTs were of branch type with a mean diameter of 3.0 cm. The IPMT was located in the head of the pancreas in 3, body in 2 and tail in the other 2. All the 7 IPMTs were adenoma with mild dysplasia. Two of the 7 patients with DC had in situ carcinoma, 1 minimally invasive carcinoma and the remaining 4 invasive carcinoma. The mean diameter of seven DCs (3.0 cm) with IPMT were smaller than that of 70 DCs (3.6 cm) (8P = 0.0295). Stage (stage I/II/III/IV = 3/0/3/1) of the seven DCs concomitant with IPMT were significantly earlier than that (stage I/II/III/IV = 5/6/28/31) of the other 70 (p = 0.0203). The survival curve of the 7 patients with IPMT and DC was significantly better than that of the 70 with DC alone (p = 0.0460). Conclusions: Clinicians should pay attention to the possible presence of DC of the pancreas in male patients with intraductal papillary-mucinous adenoma of the pancreas of branch type in their 6th to 8th decades.
The Effects of Student Receptivity on College Achievement and Retention

When students enter college, they experience a series of equally exhilarating and challenging events. Those who experience more of the latter may in fact leave. For a variety of reasons—some personal, some academic—many students dropout or transfer from their first institution. Colleges are committed to providing a quality education for all students. Particularly for students who enter the institution “at-risk” of attrition, additional resources are available to assist in the transition from high school to college. This study examined the effects of student receptivity to services on the relationship between high school achievement and college achievement and retention. The results of a study with 991 students at a four-year public institution in the Northeast suggest that variation in student receptivity to services moderate the relationship between high school achievement and college retention after five semesters. For students identified as at-risk of attrition, higher levels of receptivity were associated with an increased likelihood of being retained.
DE-Based Reversible Data Hiding With Improved Overflow Location Map

For difference-expansion (DE)-based reversible data hiding, the embedded bit-stream mainly consists of two parts: one part that conveys the secret message and the other part that contains embedding information, including the 2-D binary (overflow) location map and the header file. The first part is the payload while the second part is the auxiliary information package for blind detection. To increase embedding capacity, we have to make the size of the second part as small as possible. Tian's classical DE method has a large auxiliary information package. Thodi mitigated the problem by using a payload-independent overflow location map. However, the compressibility of the overflow location map is still undesirable in some image types. In this paper, we focus on improving the overflow location map. We design a new embedding scheme that helps us construct an efficient payload-dependent overflow location map. Such an overflow location map has good compressibility. Our accurate capacity control capability also reduces unnecessary alteration to the image. Under the same image quality, the proposed algorithm often has larger embedding capacity. It performs well in different types of images, including those where other algorithms often have difficulty in acquiring good embedding capacity and high image quality.
araoxonase 1 ( PON 1 ) expression in hepatocytes is upregulated by pomegranate olyphenols : A role for PPAR-pathway

Objective: Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) expression is regulated by polyphenols, shown to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ). Pomegranate juice (PJ) is a polyphenol-rich fruit. Because promoter sequence of PON1 gene indicates that it could be regulated by nuclear receptors, we investigated the effect of PJ polyphenols on PON1 gene expression in HuH7 hepatocytes. Methods and results: PON1 protein or mRNA expression, determined by immunocytochemistry, or quantitative PCR, respectively, as well as PON1 gene promoter activation, was significantly increased in hepatocytes incubated with PJ or with its major polyphenols punicalagin, or gallic acid (GA). Ellagic acid (EA) elicited only modest stimulatory effect. Accordingly, PJ, punicalagin, GA, and less so EA, dosedependently increased cell-associated and hepatocyte-secreted PON1 arylesterase activity. Functionally, the secreted PON1 exhibited biological activity by protecting LDL and HDL from oxidation. Finally, PJ olyphenols polyphenols upregulated the hepatocyte PON1 expression, at least in part, via the intracellular signaling cascade PPAR -PKA-cAMP. Conclusions: This study shows for the first time that PJ polyphenols have a specific transcriptional role in hepatocyte PON1 expression upregulation, and its secretion to the medium. We conclude that the anti-atherogenic characteristics of PJ polyphenols are modulated, at least in part, via hepatocyte PON1 eque upregulation and its subs