Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Modular Approach to Construct Signature-Free BRB Algorithms Under a Message Adversary

This paper explores how reliable broadcast can be implemented without signatures when facing a dual adversary that can both corrupt processes and remove messages. More precisely, we consider an asynchronous n -process message-passing system in which up to t processes are Byzantine and where, at the network level, for each message broadcast by a correct process, an adversary can prevent up to d processes from receiving it (the integer d defines the power of the message adversary). So, unlike previous works, this work considers that not only can computing entities be faulty (Byzantine processes), but, in addition, that the network can also lose messages. To this end, the paper adopts a modular strategy and first introduces a new basic communication abstraction denoted k 2 ℓ -cast, which simplifies quorum engineering, and studies its properties in this new adversarial context. Then, the paper deconstructs existing signature-free Byzantine-tolerant asynchronous broadcast algorithms and, with the help of the k 2 ℓ -cast communication abstraction, reconstructs versions of them that tolerate both Byzantine processes and message adversaries. Interestingly, these reconstructed algorithms are also more efficient than the Byzantine-tolerant-only algorithms from which they originate.
Manufacturing and testing of MCP 2212 bifilar coils for a 10 MVA fault current limiter

A very promising option within the German 10 kV/10 MVA superconducting fault current limiter project CURL 10 is melt cast processed (MCP-) BSCCO 2212 bulk material. With tube shaped samples cut to bifilar coils and contacted in series, the required long lengths (160 m per phase) can easily be achieved. At the operating temperature of T=65 K the critical current density is near 4000 A/cm/sup 2/ and the voltage under limiting conditions reaches E/sub p/=0.5 V/cm. The contribution describes the design, manufacturing and testing of the superconducting components. In particular the development and characterization of a suitable electrical shunt is focused. Finally the finished components are characterized with respect to electrical homogeneity and under various limiting conditions. It could be confirmed that the single components each meet all the requirements defined within the project.
An efficient algorithm for mixed integer semidefinite optimisation

The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient algorithm for mixed integer semidefinite optimisation (MISDP). MISDP is applicable to robust predictive control of hybrid/piecewise affine systems. The algorithm presented here will extend current methods for convex differentiable mixed integer optimisation to the convex but non-differentiable MISDP case by making use of previous results which transform the non-smooth semidefinite constraint to a set of smooth convex inequalities.
A Retrospective Context Mining Approach For Bootstrapping Personal Knowledge Assistants

Smart assistants supporting knowledge workers in their daily work are in demand nowadays. To provide individually tailored support, the assistants first have to gain knowledge about the knowledge worker and their information space. In our setting, the assistant should support the user according to their current mental context. To build the required mental context base, other approaches observe the human’s interaction with information items like files, emails, etc. and infer contexts from this activity data. However, those procedures suffer from a cold start problem as the context base on which the assistant relies on is built alongside the observation. The context-mining approach introduced in this paper addresses this issue by relying only on document information that is available at the start-up time.
Nondestructive evaluation of the severity of discontinuities in flat conductive materials by an eddy-current transducer with orthogonal coils

This work presents two methods for nondestructive evaluation of the severity of material discontinuities in nonmagnetic conductive plates by eddy currents generated by a transducer with orthogonal coils. The first method deals with long rectilinear discontinuities located beneath the surface under test and having a negligible width. It is based on the geometrical theory of diffraction of electromagnetic waves generated by the transducer. The conditions under which a real transducer satisfies the diffraction model hypotheses are specified. In this case, the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The second method concerns small volumetric discontinuities whose shape and size are evaluated by an eddy-current holographic procedure. When the discontinuity size is comparable with that of the transducer, this permits reconstruction of the shape and determination of the depth of the discontinuity beneath the surface under test.
Maximizing the minimum distance of bipartite graph based low density parity check codes from two-step circulant covers

OF THE THESIS Maximizing the Minimum Distance of Bipartite Graph Based Low Density Parity Check Codes From Two-Step Circulant Covers by Raul Soto Master of Arts in Mathematics San Diego State University, 2013 Algebraic constructions of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are important for code designing because of their implementation advantages and properties that facilitate their analysis. This thesis presents a concise notation for LDPC codes that are constructed using a two-step circulant covering process. By implementing this process, instead of a single circulant cover, we are able to show improved minimum distance and girth properties. These improvements were verified by results from codes constructed from a two-step circulant cover of the 2× 3 complete bipartite graph.
Intensity filter caused by cross-phase modulation in dispersion-managed WDM systems

We investigate the influence of cross-phase modulation on a probe channel imposed by a pump channel, in dispersion managed systems. This effect can be described as an intensity filter and the transfer function of the intensity filter for dispersion managed systems is derived, which proves to be a high-pass filter. We investigate some typical dispersion managed systems by using the intensity filter transfer function. We present some useful results that show how to reduce the influence of cross-phase modulation in WDM systems.
Why X-Ray-selected Active Galactic Nuclei Appear Optically Dull

We investigate why half of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in deep surveys lack signs of accretion in their optical spectra. The majority of these "optically dull" AGNs are no more than ~6 times fainter than their host galaxies in rest-frame R band; as such, AGN lines are unlikely to be overwhelmed by stellar continuum in at least half the sample. We find that optically dull AGNs have the mid-infrared emission and LX/LIR ratios characteristic of local Seyfert galaxies, suggesting that the cause of optical dullness is not missing UV-optical continua. We compare the morphologies of 22 optically dull and 9 optically active AGNs at 0.5 < z < 0.8 and find that optically dull AGNs show a wide range of axis ratio, but optically active AGNs have only very round axis ratios. We conclude that hard X-rays select AGNs in host galaxies with a wide range of inclination angle, but only those AGNs in the most face-on or spheroidal host galaxies show optical emission lines. Thus, extranuclear dust in the host galaxy plays an important role in hiding the emission lines of optically dull AGNs.
Moving Objects Detection Based on Three Frames Differencing and GMM

The paper proposes a new method for moving objects detection based on fusion of three frames differencing and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). In the method, two images are obtained by three frames differencing, then the adaptive background are modeled and updated by GMM for each pixel in the two differencing images. Next, two differencing images are done logic "and" operation to get the shape of the moving object. Finally adopt the mathematical morphology operation to eliminate noise and the small areas of non-objects motion parts. The simulation results show that the proposed method can detect the objects effectively and real-time. So it can be applied in visual surveillance system effectively.
Update Mammakarzinom 2019 Teil 2 – Implementierung neuer Diagnostika und Therapien bei Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Brustkrebs in der klinischen Praxis

Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung von Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Mammakarzinom hat sich in den letzten Jahren weiterentwickelt. Zusätzlich zum Therapiefortschritt in den etablierten Subgruppen (Hormonrezeptor- und HER2-Status) gibt es nun Therapien, die sich an einzelnen molekularen Charakteristika orientieren, wie zum Beispiel die PARP-Inhibitortherapie bei BRCA-mutierten Patientinnen. Zusätzlich dazu sind Tests in der Entwicklung, die innerhalb von Subgruppen weitere Marker etablieren sollen, um die Wirksamkeit einer Therapie vorherzusagen. Die PI3K-Mutationstestung bei HER2-negativen, hormonrezeptorpositiven Tumoren und die PD‑L1-Testung von Immunzellen bei triple-negativen Tumoren werden voraussichtlich in der klinischen Praxis etabliert, um Patientinnen für die jeweiligen Therapien auszuwählen. Mit neuen Therapieansätzen treten auch neue Nebenwirkungen auf. Das Management dieser Nebenwirkungen ebenso wie das der klassischen Therapien (supportive Therapie) ist mit der Einführung neuer Behandlungen essenziell, um die Lebensqualität der Patientinnen zu erhalten. Das Wissen über Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Lifestyle-Faktoren sollten dabei ebenso Berücksichtigung finden wie moderne Therapieverfahren. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die neuesten Studien und Veröffentlichungen zusammen und bewertet sie in Bezug auf die Relevanz für die klinische Praxis.
Analysis of infinite arrays of one- and two-probe-fed circular patches

An analysis is presented of the radiation properties of infinite phased arrays of one- or two-probe-fed circular microstrip patches, using a rigorous Green's-function/moment-method approach. Two ways of treating the connection of a vertical feed probe to the patch are considered: an idealized probe feed model, which is useful for antennas printed on thin substrates or to predict general performance trends, and a more rigorous treatment that overcomes the deficiencies of the simpler model. This rigorous treatment seems to have some advantages over other published analyses, including applicability to a wide range of printed radiator problems, but requires a huge increase in the amount of computer time required for the calculation. Comparisons of both feed models with measured data from waveguide simulators are used to validate the theory for both one- and two-probe-fed elements. >
Evaluating the Decomposition of Tropical Atlantic Drifter Observations

Abstract Because the tropical Atlantic is characterized by regions of strong seasonal variability that have been sampled inhomogeneously by surface drifters, Eulerian averages of these Lagrangian observations in spatially fixed bins may be aliased. In the Pacific, this problem has been circumvented by first calculating seasonal or monthly means. In the Atlantic, such an approach is of limited value because of the relatively sparse database of drifter observations. As an alternative, a methodology is developed in which drifter-observed currents and sea surface temperatures are grouped into bins and, within each bin, simultaneously decomposed into a time-mean, annual and semiannual harmonics, and an eddy residual with a nonzero integral time scale. The methodology is evaluated using a temporally homogeneous SST product and in situ SST observations, and also using simulated drifter observations in an eddy-resolving model of the Atlantic Ocean. These analyses show that, compared to simple bin averaging, the d.
To screencast or not to screencast

As the type of student entering university changes, we are obliged as educators to adapt our teaching styles to suit the new demographic. With many students unable to physically attend lectures and with the internet being accessible to the vast majority of students, the need for flexibility has become paramount. In a direct response to this need, mathematics lecturers at James Cook University created screencasts for a number of their subjects, both as lecture replacement and as supplement. These screencasts involve screen and audio capture of handwritten, typed or powerpoint lectures created using a tablet computer. This article discusses student opinion on the effectiveness of the screencasts used in teaching mathematics at James Cook University. Examining the students responses to this relatively new technology raises questions on the viability of the traditional face to face lecture and the role academics will play in a technology driven tertiary sector.
Herzratenvariabilitätsbasiertes Lifestyle-Coaching bei Patient*innen mit subakromialem Schmerzsyndrom – eine Pilotstudie

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Mehrere Studien konnten einen Einfluss von psychologischem Stress auf Schmerzmodulation und Wundheilung aufzeigen. Die Erweiterung der physiotherapeutischen Behandlung um die psychosoziale Ebene des biopsychosozialen Modells stellt komplexe Anforderungen an die behandelnden Physioherapeut*innen. Ziel Untersucht wurde der Einfluss von auf Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) basierendem Lifestyle-Coaching auf die Entwicklung der funktionellen Einschränkungen und das Schmerzempfinden bei Patient*innen mit subakromialem Schmerzsyndrom (SAPS). Es erfolgte zudem eine Analyse der Machbarkeit für Folgestudien. Methode 15 Proband*innen mit SAPS wurden randomisiert in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Interventionsgruppe erhielt zusätzlich zu der in beiden Gruppen durchgeführten übungstherapeutischen Intervention ein Lifestyle-Coaching. Als Kontrollparameter wurden der SPADI-Score (SPADI), das maximale Schmerzempfinden (NRSmax) und anhand der Kurzzeit-HRV-Messung die High Frequency (HF), Low Frequency (LF), LF/HF-Ratio, Root Mean Square of Successive Difference (Rmssd) sowie die Standard Deviation NN (SdNN) erhoben. Bezüglich der Machbarkeit wurden mögliche Störfaktoren, Optimierungsmöglichkeiten und eine adäquate Stichprobengröße eruiert. Ergebnisse Einen signifikanten Unterschied zeigten die Variablen des SPADI-Scores, SPADI (95 % CI –59,3 bis –4,6; p = 0,026; d = –1,5), NRSmax (95 % CI –5,5 bis –0,1; p = 0,042; d = –1,35) und der HRV-Messwert HF (95 % CI 505,3–1753,3; p = 0,002; d = 2,23) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Schlussfolgerung Das Design dieser Studie ist machbar und für Folgestudien mit größeren Stichproben geeignet. Anpassungen bei der Randomisierung sowie den verwendeten Assessments sollten dabei vorgenommen werden. Für eine gültige Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse wurde die dafür nötige Stichprobengröße mit n = 66 ermittelt. Die Auswertung der klinischen Parameter weisen auf eine Steigerung der parasympathischen Aktivität (HF) sowie einer Reduktion von SPADI und NRSmax hin. Letztere können hierbei als potentiell positive Wirkung auf die Funktion und Schmerzreduktion in der Interventionsgruppe eingeschätzt werden.
Quicker Convergence for Iterative Numerical Solutions to Stochastic Problems: Probabilistic Interpretations, Ordering Heuristics, and Parallel Processing

Gauss-Seidel is a general method for solving a system of equations (possibly nonlinear). It makes repeated sweeps through the variables; within a sweep as each new estimate for a variable is computed, the current estimate for that variable is replaced with the new estimate immediately, instead of on completion of the sweep. The idea is to use new data as soon as it is computed. Gauss- Seidel is often efficient for computing the invariant measure of a Markov chain (especially if the transition matrix is sparse), and for computing the value function in optimal control problems. In many applications the computation can be significantly improved by appropriately ordering the variables within each sweep. A simple heuristic is presented here for computing an ordering that quickens convergence. In parallel processing, several variables must be computed simultaneously, which appears to work against Gauss-Seidel. Simple asynchronous parallel Gauss-Seidel methods are presented here. Experiments indicate that the methods retain the benefit of a good ordering, while further speeding up convergence by a factor of P if P processors participate. In this paper, we focus on the optimal stopping problem. A probabilistic interpretation of the Gauss-Seidel (and the Jacobi) method for computing the value function is given, which motivates our ordering heuristic. However, the ordering heuristic and parallel processing methods apply in a broader context, in particular, to the important problem of computing the invariant measure of a Markov chain.
Does wind shear cause hydrometeor size sorting

AbstractSeveral recent studies have implicated vertical wind shear in producing steady-state size sorting of a distribution of hydrometeors falling at their terminal velocity, which varies as a function of hydrometeor diameter. In particular, this mechanism has been invoked to explain both the strength and storm-relative orientation of the commonly observed differential reflectivity (ZDR) arc in supercell thunderstorms. However, the actual role of the shear has not been fully clarified. In this study, a simple analytical model is used to show that the fundamental source of size sorting is the storm-relative wind field itself and, in particular, its mean taken over the depth of the sorting layer. Wind shear is only strictly required for producing sustained size sorting in the special but common case of a precipitation source having a motion that lies on the hodograph (such as with the environmental winds at the source level). In supercells, the precipitation source (the rotating updraft) does not necessari.
Improved method for discriminating agricultural crops using geostatistics and remote sensing

Reliable land cover mapping of agricultural areas require high resolution remote sensing and robust classification techniques. In this paper, we propose the integration of spectral information with spatial information using the traditional statistical supervised classifier “Maximum Likelihood” and a geostatistical tool, “Indicator Kriging” algorithm, for the development of land cover maps by supervised classification from remotely sensed data at medium and high spatial resolution. The proposed method showed better results in classes’ discrimination with smoother resulting maps than the ones produced using only spectral information. Two different satellites imagery were analyzed: a Landsat TM5 image at medium spatial resolution acquired during 2006 and an Ikonos II image at higher spatial resolution acquired during 2008. The better performance of the “combined” approach compared to the traditional Maximum Likelihood technique was confirmed by confusion matrix. The overall accuracy increases from 76.16% to 85.96% for LandsatTM image and from 71.56% to 80.25% for the IKONOS image.
Infektionen bei hämatologisch-onkologischen Patienten auf der Intensivstation

Kochane Krebspatienten haben ein hohes Risiko, eine Infektion zu entwickeln, die eine Behandlung auf einer Intensivstation notwendig macht. Dies ist insbesondere bei hämatologischen Erkrankungen der Fall, da das Immunsystem fast immer am Krankheitsgeschehen beteiligt ist. Das Bild der Infektion kann mitunter sehr bunt sein, ist abhängig sowohl von der Primärerkrankung als auch der Krebstherapie und kann bis hin zum Vollbild einer Sepsis reichen.
Thin pseudochiral layers: Approximate boundary conditions and potential applications

Here we study electromagnetic properties of thin layers of novel pseudochiral synthetic materials, described by bianisotropic constitutive relations. Approximate boundary conditions are given to model plane layers and to simplify electromagnetic analysis. Properties of waves in a strip line on a two-layer ferrite-pseudochiral substrate are studied and examples of prospective uses of pseudochiral composites are suggested. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
The calculation of linear least squares problems

We first survey componentwise and normwise perturbation bounds for the standard least squares (LS) and minimum norm problems. Then some recent estimates of the optimal backward error for an alleged solution to an LS problem are presented. These results are particularly interesting when the algorithm used is not backward stable. The QR factorization and the singular value decomposition (SVD), developed in the 1960s and early 1970s, remain the basic tools for solving both the LS and the total least squares (TLS) problems. Current algorithms based on Householder or Gram-Schmidt QR factorizations are reviewed. The use of the SVD to determine the numerical rank of a matrix, as well as for computing a sequence of regularized solutions, is then discussed. The solution of the TLS problem in terms of the SVD of the compound matrix $(b\ A)$ is described. Some recent algorithmic developments are motivated by the need for the efficient implementation of the QR factorization on modern computer architectures. This includes blocked algorithms as well as newer recursive implementations. Other developments come from needs in different application areas. For example, in signal processing rank-revealing orthogonal decompositions need to be frequently updated. We review several classes of such decompositions, which can be more efficiently updated than the SVD. Two algorithms for the orthogonal bidiagonalization of an arbitrary matrix were given by Golub and Kahan in 1965, one using Householder transformations and the other a Lanczos process. If used to transform the matrix $(b\ A)$ to upper bidiagonal form, this becomes a powerful tool for solving various LS and TLS problems. This bidiagonal decomposition gives a core regular subproblem for the TLS problem. When implemented by the Lanczos process it forms the kernel in the iterative method LSQR. It is also the basis of the partial least squares (PLS) method, which has become a standard tool in statistics. We present some generalized QR factorizations which can be used to solve different generalized least squares problems. Many applications lead to LS problems where the solution is subject to constraints. This includes linear equality and inequality constraints. Quadratic constraints are used to regularize solutions to discrete ill-posed LS problems. We survey these classes of problems and discuss their solution. As in all scientific computing, there is a trend that the size and complexity of the problems being solved is steadily growing. Large problems are often sparse or structured. Algorithms for the efficient solution of banded and block-angular LS problems are given, followed by a brief discussion of the general sparse case. Iterative methods are attractive, in particular when matrix-vector multiplication is cheap.
A new reconstruction algorithm for Radon data

A new reconstruction algorithm for Radon data is introduced. We call the new algorithm OPED as it is based on Orthogonal Polynomial Expansion on the Disk. OPED is fundamentally different from the filtered back projection (FBP) method. It allows one to use fan beam geometry directly without any additional procedures such as interpolation or rebinning. It reconstructs high degree polynomials exactly and works for smooth functions without the assumption that functions are band- limited. Our initial tests indicate that the algorithm is stable, provides high resolution images, and has a small global error. Working with the geometry specified by the algorithm and a new mask, OPED could also lead to a reconstruction method that works with reduced x-ray dose (see the paper by Tischenko et al in these proceedings).