Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Calibration Method of Two-Dimensional Laser Scanner and Camera Based on LM-BP Neural Network

The calibration between a camera and a two-dimensional laser scanner (2DLS) is an essential step in the object detecting system. Many algorithms with linear model have been proposed. But these tend to solve intrinsic and extrinsic calibration parameters separately and are influenced seriously by the poor initial data, which leads to unstable and inaccurate results. Hence, a new nonlinear model based on the Back Propagation neural network trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM-BP) is presented for calibration in this paper. Before the calibration, the original laser data is fitted linearly to avoid the ranging error and is optimized by an angular increment to reduce the step-angular error. Then, the calibration network with 4 inputs composed of the lasers points’ coordinates and constant 1, and 2 outputs are obtained, expected values of which are the coordinates of corresponding points in the image coordinates. The sum of square of errors between the network outputs and expected values is taken to adjust the modifications of the weights and thresholds with the Levenberg-Marquardt method to optimize the calibration model. Finally, compared with related researches, experimental results show that the accuracy of calibration between camera and 2DLS is significantly improved, and the detecting system is more suitable for actual measurement situations.
The Use of Photoactive Polymeric Nanoparticles and Nanofibers to Generate a Photodynamic-Mediated Antimicrobial Effect, with a Special Emphasis on Chronic Wounds

This review is concerned with chronic wounds, with an emphasis on biofilm and its complicated management process. The basics of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) and its underlying mechanisms for microbial eradication are presented. Intrinsically active nanocarriers (polydopamine NPs, chitosan NPs, and polymeric micelles) that can further potentiate the antimicrobial photodynamic effect are discussed. This review also delves into the role of photoactive electrospun nanofibers, either in their eluting or non-eluting mode of action, in microbial eradication and accelerating the healing of wounds. Synergic strategies to augment the PDT-mediated effect of photoactive nanofibers are reviewed.
Dispersal genetic relationships and landscape use by colonizing wolves in the central Rocky Mountains

54 Introduction 54 Background o f Wolf Genetics 55 Genetic Analyses of Wolves of the Central Rocky Mountains 57 Management Choices: Natural Recovery or Reintroduction 62 Wolf-Like Canids 63 Conclusions and Management Recommendations 65 Literature Cited 66 Appendices 70 Chapter 4: Landscape Use by Colonizing Wolves in the Central Rockies 136 Abstract 136 Introduction 136 Study Area 140 Methods 142 Capture and Telemetry 142 Spatial Analyses 142 Statistical Tests 145 Logistic Regression 147 Results 148 Wolf Distribution 148 Landscape Attributes 149 elevation 149 slope 150 aspect 151 distance to water 151 distance to roads 152 road density 154 canopy cover 155 correlations 157 Logistic Regression 158 Discussion 161 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Anthropogenic Habitat Fragmentation 161 Natural Patchiness 167 Dynamics of Colonization and Landscape 168 Cooperative Management 170 Conclusions and Management Recommendations 170 Literature Cited 172 Appendices 181
AAV-RPGR Gene Therapy Rescues Opsin Mislocalisation in a Human Retinal Organoid Model of RPGR-Associated X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa

Variants within the Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene are the predominant cause of X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP), a common and severe form of inherited retinal disease. XLRP is characterised by the progressive degeneration and loss of photoreceptors, leading to visual loss and, ultimately, bilateral blindness. Unfortunately, there are no effective approved treatments for RPGR-associated XLRP. We sought to investigate the efficacy of RPGRORF15 gene supplementation using a clinically relevant construct in human RPGR-deficient retinal organoids (ROs). Isogenic RPGR knockout (KO)-induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) were generated using established CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods targeting RPGR. RPGR-KO and isogenic wild-type IPSCs were differentiated into ROs and utilised to test the adeno associated virus (AAV) RPGR (AAV-RPGR) clinical vector construct. The transduction of RPGR-KO ROs using AAV-RPGR successfully restored RPGR mRNA and protein expression and localisation to the photoreceptor connecting cilium in rod and cone photoreceptors. Vector-derived RPGR demonstrated equivalent levels of glutamylation to WT ROs. In addition, treatment with AAV-RPGR restored rhodopsin localisation within RPGR-KO ROs, reducing mislocalisation to the photoreceptor outer nuclear layer. These data provide mechanistic insights into RPGRORF15 gene supplementation functional potency in human photoreceptor cells and support the previously reported Phase I/II trial positive results using this vector construct in patients with RPGR-associated XLRP, which is currently being tested in a Phase III clinical trial.
Measuring Driver's Emotion

Despite rapid advancements in the automotive industry, traffic safety risks persist. Addressing this challenge requires innovative driver assistance technologies. Common accidents result from driver inattention, fatigue, and stress, leading to issues like falling asleep at the wheel and improper acceleration and braking. In this paper, we developed a sensor network using EEG and eye trackers to measure drivers' emotions, exploring the relationship between emotional states and driving behavior. Our study aims to contribute to advanced driver assistance systems that adapt to drivers' emotional needs, ultimately enhancing road safety.
Polybenzoxazine-Based Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon and Their Composites with NiCo Bimetallic Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications

Supercapacitors (SCs) are considered as emerging energy storage devices that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. However, due to their low energy density, their real-time usage is restricted. Hence, to enhance the energy density of SCs, we prepared hetero-atom-doped carbon along with bimetallic oxides at different calcination temperatures, viz., HC/NiCo@600, HC/NiCo@700, HC/NiCo@800 and HC/NiCo@900. The material produced at 800 °C (HC/NiCo@800) exhibits a hierarchical 3D flower-like morphology. The electrochemical measurement of the prepared materials was performed in a three-electrode system showing an enhanced specific capacitance for HC/NiCo@600 (Cs = 1515 F g−1) in 1 M KOH, at a current density of 1 A g−1, among others. An asymmetric SC device was also fabricated using HC/NiCo@800 as anode and HC as cathode (HC/NiCo@600//HC). The fabricated device had the ability to operate at a high voltage window (~1.6 V), exhibiting a specific capacitance of 142 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1; power density of 743.11 W kg−1 and energy density of 49.93 Wh kg−1. Altogether, a simple strategy of hetero-atom doping and bimetallic inclusion into the carbon framework enhances the energy density of SCs.
Evaluation of response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to temperature and light stress

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of irrigation water temperature and shading on the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in four varieties of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) – green foliage (‘Salakis’ and ‘Estony’) and red foliage (‘Lollo Rossa’ and ‘Nika’). During the production of seedlings in the greenhouse, two irrigation water temperature regimes (12 and 20°C) were applied. After transplanting in the field plants were grown under three lighting systems (100, 70, and 50% of lighting in the open). The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were measured at the end of the greenhouse period and 14 days after shading in the field using a Li 6400 infrared gas analyzer. In most varieties, cooling of the irrigation water was not found to have an effect on the rate of photosynthesis. Plants of all the varieties responded to the decrease in irrigation water temperature and to strong shading by reducing transpiration and increasing the water use efficiency. The ‘Salakis’ and ‘Estony’ plants have shown the best adaptability to the changing conditions and therefore they could be used successfully in the practice of extending vegetative growth.
New Estonian records and amendments: Lichenized fungi

Three species of lichenized fungi, Caloplaca dischroa, Rhizocarpon submodestum, and Rimularia intercedens, are reported as new for Estonia; one taxon, Diplotomma lutosum, which was previously considered to be extinct from the local lichen biota, was re-discovered. Two further rare species, Collema crispum and Leptogium plicatile, are additionally recorded. The abbreviations are used as follows: (1) for the country region: NW – northwestern part of Estonia, NE – northeastern part, WIs – western islands; (2) for frequency classes (Freq.): rr – very rare (1–2 localities), r – rare (3–5 localities), according to Randlane & Saag (1999); (3) for the collectors: JM – Juri Martin, LM – Ljudmilla Martin. The specimens are deposited in the lichen herbarium of the Euroacademy (ICEB).
LC-MS/MS Analysis of Flavonoid Compounds from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Extracts and Their Antioxidant Activities

Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites having a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. In this work, a targeted liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) was used to characterize the flavonoid compositions of methanolic plant extracts from separated parts (fruits, leaves, stems, trunk barks, and root barks) of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides. Nine flavonoids were reported in this species, including three flavanones, five flavonols and one flavone. Quantitative analysis of flavonoid profiles from Z. zanthoxyloides extracts is useful to a better understanding of the pattern and distribution of metabolites in extract samples. The concentrations of two glycosylated flavanones (neohesperidin and hesperidin) and one flavonol (quercetin) were higher in root and trunk samples compared to fruit samples. These compounds were reported in small amounts in the stem and leaf samples. In contrast, four flavonols (hyperoside, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside, datiscin and quercitrin) were present in significant levels only in the leaf extracts. The presence of glycosylated flavanone (eriocitrin) has been reported only in fruit extract. The antioxidant properties of different extracts were tested regarding their scavenging activities on ABTS•+ radical. Leaf and trunk bark extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, while the extracts obtained from other organs (fruits, stems, and root barks) showed low antioxidant properties.
3-D Printed Circularly Polarized Modified Fresnel Lens Operating at Terahertz Frequencies

In this paper, a novel 3-D printed circularly polarized (CP) modified Fresnel lens antenna operating at 300 GHz is introduced. By virtue of the superior geometric flexibility of the 3-D printing technique, a modified Fresnel lens consisting of subwavelength discrete dielectric posts in the odd-numbered Fresnel zones is proposed. It is further demonstrated that by integrating dielectric anisotropic metamaterial, the modified Fresnel lens can realize CP radiation fed by a simple linearly polarized (LP) open-ended waveguide (OEWG). The 3-D printing approach is also investigated to push the performance envelops of the 3-D printer for realization of the terahertz CP lens. The measured results show that the axial ratios (ARs) of the fabricated antenna prototype are smaller than 3 dB from 265 to 320 GHz. Moreover, the modified Fresnel lens has a maximum gain of 27.4 dBic, which is 0.9 dB larger than that of the conventional Fresnel zone plane antenna (FZPA). These validate the concept, the design, and the fabricated prototype.
Ichthyosaurs of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic Part 1, Ophthalmosaurus

ABSTRACT The ichthyosaur material of the British Middle and Upper Jurassic referable to Ophthalmosaurus icenicus (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae) is revisited and re-described; this is the most completely known post-Liassic British ichthyosaur. Much of this material derives from the Callovian Oxford Clay Formation, particularly from the Peterborough Area of Cambridgeshire, UK, deposited in the Leeds Collections. Pre-Callovian ichthyosaur remains are infrequent, incomplete, and non-diagnostic. Material referred to Ophthalmosaurus icenicus shows high variability in the extent of ossification. Based on examination of the type and referred material, Ophthalmosaurus monocharactus and Ophthalmosaurus pleydelli are rejected as junior subjective synonyms of Ophthalmosaurus icenicus due to a lack of diagnostic characters and pathology of specimens. Ichthyosaurus megalodeirus is rejected as a nomen nudum and the type material is referred to Ophthalmosaurus icenicus. Ophthalmosaurus icenicus is considered a separate species from Ophthalmosaurus natans based on several autapomorphies, but requires re-evaluation of the material.
A W-Band 2 × 2 Phased-Array Transmitter With Digital Gain-Compensation Technique

In this paper, a W-band $2\times 2$ phased-array transmitter with digital gain compensation is proposed to minimize amplitude and angle errors of synthesized beams. The RF phase-shifting architecture is utilized for the phased-array transmitter to reduce circuit blocks and lower system complexity. The high-resolution phase shifting is achieved by a vector-sum phase shifter, which is based on a quadrature-all-pass filter (QAF) with compensation network and Gilbert-type variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) with digital-controlled current digital-to-analog converters (I-DACs). To lower the gain error introduced by the phase shifter in RF phase-shifting architecture, the variable-gain power amplifier (VGPA) is proposed. The gain of the VGPA is finely adjusted to compensate the gain variation of phase shifter in different phase states. Meanwhile, the phase variation of the VGPA under variable gain states is optimized to avoid the influence on phase errors. To verify the aforementioned mechanism, a W-band $2\times 2$ phased-array transmitter is implemented and fabricated in a conventional 40-nm CMOS technology. Based on the digital gain-compensation technique, the phased-array transmitter exhibits a less than 1.12dB RMS gain error and less than 1.82° RMS phase error. In addition, the fabricated chip achieves 8.13dBm peak saturated output power and better than 9dB power gain with 135mW power consumption for each channel.
Aligning Santal Tribe Menu Templates with EAT-Lancet Commission’s Dietary Guidelines for Sustainable and Healthy Diets: A Comparative Analysis

Background: In the context of global shifts in food systems, this paper explores the unique dietary practices of the Santal tribe, an indigenous group in eastern India, to understand the health, nutrition, and sustainability aspects of their traditional food systems. This study evaluates the nutritional content of the Santal diet in comparison to the EAT-Lancet Commission’s 2019 dietary guidelines for healthy and sustainable diets. Methods: The University of East Anglia, in collaboration with the NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health in Cambridge, PRADAN; colleagues in India and local Santal youth, conducted nutritional analyses of traditional Santal recipes. Two menu templates, Kanhu Thali and Jhano Thali, were selected for comparative analysis based on their representation of diverse dietary practices within the Santal community. Nutritional data, including energy as well as the distribution of macronutrients and micronutrients, were compiled and compared with the EAT-Lancet guidelines. Results: The Santal menu templates (nutritionally complete meals) demonstrated alignment with EAT-Lancet recommendations in aspects such as whole grains, starchy vegetables, vegetables, plant-based protein sources, unsaturated fats, and limited added sugars. However, notable deviations included the absence of animal-based protein sources and dairy. The Santal diet showed high protein intake, largely from plant-based sources, and emphasised the importance of whole grains. Seasonal variations in nutritional content were observed between the two templates. Conclusions: While the Santal diet aligns with some aspects of global dietary guidelines, there are notable deviations that underscore the complexity of aligning traditional diets with universal recommendations. The findings emphasise the need for culturally sensitive dietary recommendations that respect traditional diets while promoting sustainability. Research needs to support tailored global guidelines enshrining core principles of nutritional adequacy which are inter-culturally operable in order to accommodate cultural diversity, local practices, and seasonal variations, crucial for fostering sustainable and healthy eating habits in diverse sociodemographic contexts.
The Interaction between Hypovirulence-Associated Chrysoviruses and Their Host Fusarium Species

Chrysoviruses are isometric virus particles (35–50 nm in diameter) with a genome composed of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA). These viruses belonged to the Chrysoviridae family, named after the first member isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum. Phylogenetic classification has divided the chrysoviruses into Alphachrysovirus and Betachrysovirus genera. Currently, these chrysoviruses have been found to infect many fungi, including Fusarium species, and cause changes in the phenotype and decline in the pathogenicity of the host. Thus, it is a microbial resource with great biocontrol potential against Fusarium species, causing destructive plant diseases and substantial economic losses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of three chrysovirus isolates (Fusarium graminearum virus 2 (FgV2), Fusarium graminearum virus-ch9 (FgV-ch9), and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi mycovirus 1 (FodV1)) reported to decline the pathogenicity of Fusarium hosts. It also summarizes the recent studies on host response regulation, host RNA interference, and chrysovirus transmission. The information provided in the review will be a reference for analyzing the interaction of Fusarium species with chrysovirus and proposing opportunities for research on the biocontrol of Fusarium diseases. Finally, we present reasons for conducting further studies on exploring the interaction between chrysoviruses and Fusarium and improving the accumulation and transmission efficiency of these chrysoviruses.
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies

Sepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality, with diagnosis and treatment remaining a challenge for clinicians. Their management classically encompasses hemodynamic resuscitation, antibiotic treatment, life support, and focus control; however, there are aspects that have changed. This narrative review highlights current and avant-garde methods of handling patients experiencing septic shock based on the experience of its authors and the best available evidence in a context of uncertainty. Following the first recommendation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, it is recommended that specific sepsis care performance improvement programs are implemented in hospitals, i.e., “Sepsis Code” programs, designed ad hoc, to achieve this goal. Regarding hemodynamics, the importance of perfusion and hemodynamic coherence stand out, which allow for the recognition of different phenotypes, determination of the ideal time for commencing vasopressor treatment, and the appropriate fluid therapy dosage. At present, this is not only important for the initial timing, but also for de-resuscitation, which involves the early weaning of support therapies, directed elimination of fluids, and fluid tolerance concept. Finally, regarding blood purification therapies, those aimed at eliminating endotoxins and cytokines are attractive in the early management of patients in septic shock.
Unusual Case Report of Headache in 10-Year-Old Female Child

According to the literature, transverse sinus hypoplasia is not a normal variant and has a serious potential effect on cerebral blood flow. We are presenting a rare case of chronic headache due to severe hypoplasia of the left transverse and sigmoidal sinus. A 12-year-old female girl was admitted with a complaint of gradual progressive severe headache, throbbing in nature, confined to a bitemporal and frontal region in the last 4-5 months. Headache is not associated with fever, vomiting, photophobia, or vision problems. The child had no history of recurrent running nose, refractory vision, ear discharge, head trauma, exanthemata rash, or any drug history. On examination, the child was conscious and oriented. Vital signs are normal. The child was neurologically normal and had no focal signs. Other systemic examinations were normal. Based on History and examination, differential diagnosis was made, like Pseudo tumor cerebri, migraine, deep vein sinus thrombosis, and functional and Posterior fossa tumor. The child had normal routine investigations like complete blood count, electrolyte, and D-dimer. The fundoscopy was normal. In MRI, brain hypoplasia of the left transverse and sinusoidal sinus was suspected and confirmed by MRI venography. Thus, for any patient in an emergency with a chronic headache without focal signs and normal fundoscopy, one deferential should be considered for transverse and sigmoid sinus hypoplasia.
The Effects of Yeast Protein on Gut Microbiota in Mice When Compared with Soybean Protein and Whey Protein Isolates

Different protein sources can impact gut microbiota composition and abundance, and also participate in health regulation. In this study, mice were gavaged with yeast protein (YP), soybean protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI) for 28 days. Body weights showed similar patterns across different protein administration groups. The ileum in YP-supplemented mice exhibited good morphology, and tight-junction (TJ) proteins were slightly upregulated. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG levels in the ileum of different protein groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-10 levels were significantly increased, whereas IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the YP group when compared with the control (C) (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the ileum were significantly increased in the YP group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that YP potentially improved intestinal immunity and inflammatory profiles. The relative abundances of Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the YP group were more enriched when compared with the C and SPI groups, and Parabacteroides was significantly upregulated when compared with the WPI group (p < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that YP upregulates the beneficial bacteria and improves ileal immunity and anti-inflammatory capabilities.