Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation response to light stimuli of [i]Symbiodinium [i]proteins: specific light-induced dephosphorylation of an HSP-like 75 kDa protein from [i]S. microadriaticum[i]

Some genera of the family Symbiodiniaceae establish mutualistic endosymbioses with various marine invertebrates, with coral being the most important ecologically. Little is known about the biochemical communication of this association and the perception and translation of signals from the environment in the symbiont. However, specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes are fundamental for the transmission of external signals to activate physiological responses. In this work, we searched phosphorylatable proteins in amino acids of Ser, Thr and Tyr from three species of the family Symbiodiniaceae, Symbiodinium kawagutii, Symbiodinium sp. Mf11 and Symbiodinium microadriaticum.
Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines and Potential Risk of Infection: A Narrative Review

Several studies have revealed that dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are often contaminated by large numbers of various micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses). Microbial contamination in DUWLs may originate from the mains water piped into the dental unit, the suck-back of patients’ saliva into the line due to the lack of adequate valves, and contamination from bottled water systems. Some of the main determinants of microbial contamination in DUWLs are: a very small lumen size (0.5–2 mm) of the tubing used, high surface-to-volume ratio (6:1), low throughput and the materials of which the tubing is made, water stagnation outside of working hours. The environmental conditions present inside the conduits of the dental unit may facilitate the proliferation of micro-organisms and the consequent formation of biofilm on the interior surface of the pipes of DUWLs. During the use of handpieces, particularly high-speed rotating instruments, a spray is thrown up in the form of aerosols or spatters containing biological material (saliva, blood and dental plaque) and micro-organisms. This means that the health of both dental staff and patients could be at risk of infection. The risk of cross-infections in dental settings can be tackled by implementing combined interventions to prevent the contamination of DUWLs.
a Cue combination b Coordinate transformation c Kalman filtering f Categorization Poisson Rectified linear ( ReLU ) Linear Sigmoid d Causal inference e Stimulus demixing g Visual search

Animals perform near-optimal probabilistic inference in a wide range of psychophysical tasks. Probabilistic inference requires trial-to-trial representation of the uncertainties associated with task variables and subsequent use of this representation. Previous work has implemented such computation using neural networks with handcrafted and task-dependent operations. We show that generic neural networks trained with non-probabilistic feedback using a simple error-based learning rule perform near-optimal probabilistic inference in nine common psychophysical tasks. In a probabilistic categorization task, error-based learning in a generic network simultaneously accounts for a monkey’s learning curve and for the evolution of qualitative aspects of its choice behavior. In all tasks, the number of neurons required for a given level of performance grows sub-linearly with the size of the input population, a substantial improvement on previous implementations of probabilistic inference using hand-crafted neurons. The trained networks develop a novel sparsity-based probabilistic population code in a task-dependent manner. The tractability of the investigated tasks allows us to mechanistically understand the nature of this code. Our results suggest that probabilistic inference emerges naturally in generic neural networks trained with error-based learning rules and that these types of networks can be used as simple plausible neural models of probabilistic inference. 1 ar X iv :1 60 1. 03 06 0v 3 [ qbi o. N C ] 5 D ec 2 01 6
DDRNoC: Dual Data-Rate Network-on-Chip

ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. © 2018 ACM 1544-3566/2018/06-ART25 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3200201 ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization, Vol. 15, No. 2, Article 25. Publication date: June 2018.
Memory BlockAddress MAC Algorithm MAC Memory BlockAddress MAC Algorithm MAC Unique Secret

Recently, there is a growing interest in the research community to employ tamper-resistant processors for software protection. Many of these proposed systems rely on a specially tailored secure processor to prevent 1) illegal software duplication, 2) unauthorized software modification, and 3) unauthorized software reverse engineering. Most of these works primarily focus on the feasibility demonstration and design details rather than trying to elucidate many fundamental issues that are either “elusive” or “confusing” to the architecture researchers. Furthermore, many proposed systems have been built on assumptions whose security implications have not been well studied or understood. Instead of proposing yet another new secure architecture model, in this paper, we will try to answer some of these fundamental questions with respect to using hardware-based cryptography for protecting software execution. Those issues include, 1) Is hardware cryptography necessary? 2) Is per-process single cryptography key enough to provide the flexibility, inter-operability, and compatibility required by today’s complex software system? 3) Is OTP (one-time-pad) in combination with “lazy” authentication secure enough to protect software confidentiality? 4) Is there way to protect software integrity using less hardware resource? Finally, the paper defines the difference between off-line and on-line attacks and presents a very low overhead security enhancement technique that can improve protection on software integrity over on-line attacks by several magnitudes.
Suppression of IgE-independent degranulation of 2 murine connective tissue-type mast cells by 3 dexamethasone 4

Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used for treatment of chronic cutaneous 20 inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis, although it remains unknown how they modulate 21 cutaneous mast cell functions. Murine connective tissue-type mast cells, which were sensitive to 22 mast cell secretagogues, such as compound 48/80 and substance P, were generated by co-culture of 23 bone marrow-derived mast cells with Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in the presence of stem cell factor. This 24 process was accompanied by up-regulation of α subunit of a trimeric G protein, Gi1, and several 25 Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr) subtypes. Secretagogue-induced degranulation 26 and up-regulation of these genes were suppressed when they were cultured in the presence of a 27 synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. The profiles of granule constituents were drastically 28 altered by dexamethasone. Several Mrgpr subtypes were found to be expressed in the cutaneous 29 tissues and their expression levels were decreased in response to topical application of 30 dexamethasone. The numbers of degranulated cutaneous mast cells in response to compound 48/80 31 were decreased in mice treated with dexamethasone. These results suggest that mast cell-mediated 32 IgE-independent cutaneous inflammation could be suppressed by steroidal anti-inflammatory 33 drugs through down-regulation of Gαi1 and several Mrgpr subtypes in mast cells. 34
1 2 D ec 2 01 6 Physical Layer Security-Aware Routing and Performance Tradeoffs in WANETs

Yang Xu, Jia Liu, Yulong Shen, Xiaohong Jiang, Norio Shiratori State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xian 710071, China Cyber Security Research Center, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate 041-8655, Japan Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Individualization Exclusion Inconclusive Fingerprint Examiner Value Determination Feature MarkUp AFIS Candidate List

Value of a latent fingerprint, in forensics community, is determined based on its quality (e.g. ridge clarity) as well as its information content (e.g. no. of minutiae). The prevailing practice is to have a fingerprint examiner assign one of the following three labels to the latent: VID (Value for Individualization), VEO (Value for Exclusion Only) or NV (No Value) prior to comparison. However, examiner value assignment is subjective, with reported issues of inconsistency and irreproducibility in their decisions. We present a predictor for objective and quantitative value assignment to latent fingerprints which is learned based on value assignments by a crowd of fingerprint experts. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) development of a crowdsourcing tool, FingerprintMash, to collect quality ratings for individual latents, and pairwise comparisons of information content, (ii) use of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to determine the underlying bases (dimensions) of examiner value assignment, (iii) interpretation of the bases using Lasso regression analysis in terms of automatically extracted latent features, and (iv) learning a predictor to automatically assign quantitative value to a query latent. Experiments on two operational law enforcement latent databases (NIST SD27 and MSP) show that only two bases, obtained via MDS, are adequate to explain examiner value assignments. Further, these two bases are found to be correlated with the number of minutiae, the number of singular points (core and delta), ridge clarity, and the friction ridge area extracted from latents. The proposed latent value predictor can be used to triage a collection of latents at a crime scene and is shown to be highly correlated to AFIS performance.
Waveforms MOdels for Machine Type CommuNication inteGrating 5G Networks (WONG5) Document Number D3.3 Overall power budget

This deliverable provides simulation results to establish a realistic power budget of a transmitter by taking into account waveforms PAPR reduction techniques and the high power amplifier (HPA). The waveforms used are the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing CP-OFDM, weighted overlap and add OFDM (WOLA-OFDM), Block-Filtered OFDM (BF-OFDM), Universal Filtered OFDM (UFMC) and Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) coupled with a Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) method (SeLected Mapping) so as to increase the HPA efficiency. Simulation results show that there is a clear trade-off between the PAPR reduction gain and the overall power budget of the transmitter and that a PAPR reduction method has to be chosen according with its complexity and the output power of the considered power amplifier.
Estrutura Microfísica das Nuvens em Diferentes Ecossistemas da América do Sul Microphysical Structure of Clouds in Different Ecosystems of South America

Clouds directly affect meteorological conditions of the planet, by interacting with electromagnetic radiation from the sun, the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Each cloud type interacts in a particular way, being extremely important that the total set of clouds at any location is well represented in atmospheric models, in order to generate more accurate results. The purpose of this paper is to initiate a characterization of cloud types as a function of their microphysical properties and evaluate the dependence on ecosystem and synoptic condition. The data were obtained through remote sensing, using the MODIS sensor and the variables: cloud particle effective radius, optical thickness, pressure and temperature of the cloud top. Several forms of distributions were found for six different ecosystems for the four seasons. It was noted that narrow and concentrated effective radius spectra are linked to deep convection clouds, while broader distributions can be usually associated to cold frontal systems. The amount of events analyzed was not enough to show clear patterns, although the results can lead to other directions in a future and more focused work.
All One Needs to Know about Fog Computing and Related Edge Computing Paradigms

With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming part of our daily life and our environment, we expect rapid growth in the number of connected devices. IoT is expected to connect billions of devices and humans to bring promising advantages for us. With this growth, fog computing, along with its related edge computing paradigms, such as multi-access edge computing (MEC) and cloudlet, are seen as promising solutions for handling the large volume of security-critical and time-sensitive data that is being produced by the IoT. In this paper, we first provide a tutorial on fog computing and its related computing paradigms, including their similarities and differences. Next, we provide a taxonomy of research topics in fog computing, and through a comprehensive survey, we summarize and categorize the efforts on fog computing and its related computing paradigms. Finally, we provide challenges and future directions for research in fog computing.
How Does Status Affect Performance? Status as an Asset versus Status as a Liability in the PGA and NASCAR

Two competing predictions about the effect of status on performance appear in the organizational theory and sociological literatures. On the one hand, various researchers have posited that status elevates levels of performance. This line of work emphasizes tangible and intangible resources that accrue to occupants of high-status positions and thus pictures status as an asset. On the other hand, a second line of work emphasizes complacency and distraction as deleterious processes that plague occupants of high-status positions and thus portrays status as a liability. Which of these two approaches best characterizes the actual performance of individuals in a market setting? And are these views in any way reconcilable? In this article, we summarize the two views and test them in two empirical settings: the Professional Golf Association (PGA) and the National Association for Stock Car Racing (NASCAR). Using panel data on the PGA Tour, we model golfers’ strokes from par in each competition as a function of their status in the sport. Using similar data on NASCAR’s Winston Cup Series, we model drivers’ speed in the qualifying round as a function of their status in the sport. We find curvilinear effects of status in both empirical settings. Performance improves with status - until a very high level of status is reached, after which performance wanes. This result not only concurs with the view that status brings tangible and intangible resources, but also provides empirical support for the contention that status fosters dispositions and behaviors that undermine performance.
Kleene Algebra with Tests

Syntactically, PDL is a two-sorted logic consisting of programs and propositions defined by mutual induction. A test φ? can be formed from any proposition φ; intuitively, φ? acts as a guard that succeeds with no side effects in states satisfying φ and fails or aborts in states not satisfying φ. Semantically, programs are modeled as binary relations on a set of states, and φ? is interpreted as the subset of the identity relation consisting of all pairs (s, s) such that φ is true in state s.
Decentralization and development : Policy implementation in developing countries

Foreword - Hidehiko Sazanami Implementing Decentralization Policies - Dennis A Rondinelli and G Shabbir Cheema An Introduction Decentralized Development in Asia - Harry J Friedman Local Political Alternatives Administrative Decentralization in Asia - Kuldeep Mathur Decentralization of Development Administration in East Africa - Dennis A Rondinelli Decentralization in North Africa - John R Nellis Problems of Policy Implementation Centralization and Decentralization in Latin America - Richard L Harris The Role of Voluntary Organizations - G Shabbir Cheema Decentralizing Integrated Rural Development Activities - John D Montgomery Interorganizational Linkages for Decentralized Rural Development - David K Leonard Overcoming Administrative Weaknesses Decentralization and Development - G Shabbir Cheema and Dennis A Rondinelli Conclusions and Directions
Evaluation of Lung MDCT Nodule Annotation Across Radiologists and Methods 1

Charles R. Meyer, Timothy D. Johnson, Geoffrey McLennan, Denise R. Aberle, Ella A. Kazerooni, Heber MacMahon Brian F. Mullan, David F. Yankelevitz, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Samuel G. Armato III, Michael F. McNitt-Gray Anthony P. Reeves, David Gur, Claudia I. Henschke, Eric A. Hoffman, Peyton H. Bland, Gary Laderach, Richie Pais David Qing, Chris Piker, Junfeng Guo, Adam Starkey, Daniel Max, Barbara Y. Croft, Laurence P. Clarke
Cognition-Aware Computing

Despite significant advances in context sensing and inference since its inception in the late 1990s, context-aware computing still doesn't implement a holistic view of all covert aspects of the user state. Here, the authors introduce the concept of cognitive context as an extension to the current notion of context with a cognitive dimension. They argue that visual behavior and brain activity are two promising sensing modalities for assessing the cognitive context and thus the development of cognition-aware computing systems.
Number Systems with Simplicity Hierarchies II

In [15], the algebraico-tree-theoretic simplicity hierarchical structure of J. H. Conway's ordered field No of surreal numbers was brought to the fore and employed to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for an ordered field to be isomorphic to an initial subfield of No, i.e. a subfield of No that is an initial subtree of No. In this sequel to [15], analogous results for ordered abelian groups and ordered domains are established which in turn are employed to characterize the convex subgroups and convex subdomains of initial subfields of No that are themselves initial. It is further shown that an initial subdomain of No is discrete if and only if it is an initial subdomain of No's canonical integer part Oz of omnifc integers. Finally, extending results of [15], the theories of divisible ordered abelian groups and real-closed ordered fields are shown to be the sole theories of ordered abelian groups and ordered fields all of whose models are isomorphic to initial subgroups and initial subfields of No.
Simultaneous diagonalization via congruence of Hermitian matrices: some equivalent conditions and a numerical solution.

This paper aims at solving the Hermitian SDC problem, i.e., that of \textit{simultaneously diagonalizing via $*$-congruence} a collection of finitely many (not need pairwise commute) Hermitian matrices. Theoretically, we provide some equivalent conditions for that such a matrix collection can be simultaneously diagonalized via $^*$-congruence. % by a nonsingular matrix. Interestingly, one of such conditions leads to the existence of a positive definite solution to a semidefinite program (SDP). From practical point of view, we propose an algorithm for numerically solving such problem. The proposed algorithm is a combination of (1) a positive semidefinite program detecting whether the initial Hermitian matrices are simultaneously diagonalizable via $*$-congruence, and (2) a Jacobi-like algorithm for simultaneously diagonalizing via $*$-congruence the commuting normal matrices derived from the previous stage. Illustrating examples by hand/coding in \textsc{Matlab} are also presented.
Geographic methods for health services research : a focus on the rural-urban continuum

This book is intended to demonstrate the application of analytic geography and cartographic techniques in health services research. Applications of these methods in identifying the problems encountered in the analysis and distribution of disease, various health indicators, and health care resources are depicted and interpreted. Contents: Introduction; A Focus on Rural and Regional Health Care Delivery; Point of Departure: Population Density and Research; Changes and Measures in the Crucial Dimension of Population; Point of Departure: Data Sources for Health Services Research; Access to Health Services; Point of Departure: Access and Cartography; Health Professions Distributions; Point of Departure: Community-Based Measures of Underservice; Point of Departure: Tracking Doctors into the Twenty-First Century; Regionalization of Health Care; Point of Departure: Rural Places and Regionalization; Point of Departure: Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Methods for Defining Medical Service Areas; Point of Departure: Hospital Closure and Access to Hospital Services; Contagious Diseases; Point of Departure: Adjustment of Tuberculosis Incidence Rates; Evaluating Clusters of Adverse Health Outcomes; Point of Departure: State Cancer Control Map and Data Program Analysis; Technical Notes; Glossary of Technical Terms; References; Index.
Linear Object Classes and Image Synthesis From a Single Example Image

The need to generate new views of a 3D object from a single real image arises in several fields, including graphics and object recognition. While the traditional approach relies on the use of 3D models, simpler techniques are applicable under restricted conditions. The approach exploits image transformations that are specific to the relevant object class, and learnable from example views of other "prototypical" objects of the same class. In this paper, we introduce such a technique by extending the notion of linear class proposed by the authors (1992). For linear object classes, it is shown that linear transformations can be learned exactly from a basis set of 2D prototypical views. We demonstrate the approach on artificial objects and then show preliminary evidence that the technique can effectively "rotate" high-resolution face images from a single 2D view.
A SENSITIVITY AND ADJOINT CALCULUS FOR DISCONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS OF HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION LAWS WITH SOURCE TERMS

We present a sensitivity and adjoint calculus for the control of entropy solutions of scalar conservation laws with controlled initial data and source term. The sensitivity analysis is based on shift-variations which are the sum of a standard variation and suitable corrections by weighted indicator functions approximating the movement of the shock locations. Based on a first order approximation by shift-variations in L1 we introduce the concept of shift-differentiability which is applicable to operators having functions with moving discontinuities as images and implies differentiability for a large class of tracking-type functionals. In the main part of the paper we show that entropy solutions are generically shift-differentiable at almost all times t > 0 with respect to the control. Hereby we admit shift-variations for the initial data which allows to use the shift-differentiability result repeatedly over time slabs. This is useful for the design of optimization methods with time domain decomposition. Our analysis, especially of the shock sensitivity, combines structural results by using generalized characteristics and an adjoint argument. Our adjoint based shock sensitivity analysis does not require to restrict the richness of the shock structure a priori and admits shock generation points. The analysis is based on stability results for the adjoint transport equation with discontinuous coefficients satisfying a one-sided Lipschitz condition. As a further main result we derive and justify an adjoint representation for the derivative of a large class of tracking-type functionals.