Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of Baseline Drift in Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Effects of Bulk Equilibration

Metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors and gas sensor arrays are widely used to detect toxic, combustible, and corrosive gases and gas mixtures inside ambient air. Important but poorly researched effects counteracting reliable detection are the phenomena of sensor baseline drift and changes in gas response upon long-term operation of MOX gas sensors. In this paper, it is shown that baseline drift is not limited to materials with poor crystallinity, but that this phenomenon principally also occurs in materials with almost perfect crystalline order. Building on this result, a theoretical framework for the analysis of such phenomena is developed. This analysis indicates that sensor drift is caused by the slow annealing of quenched-in non-equilibrium oxygen-vacancy donors as MOX gas sensors are operated at moderate temperatures for prolonged periods of time. Most interestingly, our analysis predicts that sensor drift in n-type MOX materials can potentially be mitigated or even suppressed by doping with metal impurities with chemical valences higher than those of the core metal constituents of the host crystals.
Performance Analysis of AODV, OLSR and GRP using G.729.1 Encoded Traffic

MANETs self network configuring property, dynamic topology and mobility of speeds make it necessary to research on the performance of routing protocols. Since mobility is involved, other workload and system factors also come in light that are the key attributes in exhibiting the variations in the routing protocols performance. This work depicts the performance of AODV, OLSR and GRP by studying the effect of node density and mobility speed using simulator OPNET Modeller 14.5. It was observed that GRP is the worst performer with the elapse of time. In case of AODV and OLSR, AODV performs well in small scale networks and OLSR works well with high density networks.
Performance Upper Limit of sub‐10 nm Monolayer MoS2 Transistors

Field‐effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with monolayer (ML) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have shown promising potential as a candidate of next‐generation nanoelectronic devices. The first first‐principles quantum transport investigation of the ballistic performance upper limit of sub‐10 nm ML MoS2 FETs with Ti electrode is provided. An extraordinary small subthreshold swing is obtained by taking advantage of a dual gate (DG) configuration. The ballistic performance upper limits of the sub‐10 nm ML MoS2 DGFETs are comparable with the best existing sub‐10 nm advanced silicon FETs. The 10 nm ML MoS2 DGFET can satisfy 35% and 54% requirement of the on‐state current of high performance and low power FETs of the next decade in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2013, respectively.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Small Fibre Impairment in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Converging evidence shows that patients with fibromyalgia syndrome have signs of small fibre impairment, possibly leading to pain and autonomic symptoms, with a frequency that has not yet been systematically evaluated. To fill this gap, our review aims to define the frequency of somatic and autonomic small fibre damage in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome, as assessed by objective small fibre-related testing. We found 360 articles on somatic and autonomic small fibre assessment in patients with fibromyalgia. Out of the 88 articles assessed for eligibility, 20 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 903 patients with fibromyalgia. The estimated prevalence of somatic small fibre impairment, as assessed with skin biopsy, corneal confocal microscopy, and microneurography, was 49% (95% confidence interval (CI): 39–60%, I2 = 89%), whereas the estimated prevalence of autonomic small fibre impairment, as assessed with heart rate variability, sympathetic skin response, skin conductance, and tilt testing, was 45% (95% CI: 25–65%, I2 = 91%). Our study shows that a considerable proportion of patients with fibromyalgia have somatic and autonomic small fibre impairment, as assessed by extensive small fibre-related testing. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity and inconsistencies across studies challenge the exact role of small fibre impairment in fibromyalgia symptoms.
Musa Germplasm A and B Genomic Composition Differentially Affects Their Susceptibility to Banana Bunchy Top Virus and Its Aphid Vector, Pentalonia nigronervosa

Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD), caused by the banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, genus Babuvirus), is the most destructive viral disease of banana and plantain (Musa spp.). The virus is transmitted persistently by the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae). While research efforts have focused on screening Musa genotypes for BBTD resistance, comparatively little work has been carried out to identify resistance to banana aphids. This study assessed 44 Musa germplasm of different A and B genome composition for the performance of banana aphids under semicontrolled environmental screenhouse conditions and in a field trial established in a BBTD endemic location. In the screenhouse, the AA diploid Calcutta 4 had the lowest apterous aphid density per plant (9.7 ± 4.6) compared with AAB triploid Waema, which had the highest aphid densities (395.6 ± 20.8). In the field, the highest apterous aphid density per plant (29.2 ± 6.7) occurred on the AAB triploid Batard and the lowest (0.4 ± 0.2) on the AA diploid Pisang Tongat. The AA diploid Tapo was highly susceptible to BBTD (100% infection) compared with the genotypes Balonkawe (ABB), PITA 21 (AAB), Calcutta 4 (AA), and Balbisiana Los Banos (BB), which remained uninfected. The Musa genotypes with apparent resistance to BBTD and least susceptibility to aphid population growth provide options for considering aphid and BBTD resistance in banana and plantain breeding programs.
Utilización de Jalapeño (Capsicum annuum), Pimiento verde (Capsicum annuun L.) y Espinaca (Spinacia eleracea L.) como fuentes de antioxidantes en la elaboración de una salsa picante

The purpose of sauce production is to add flavors, colors and textures to foods and make them more attractive and appetizing. One of the disadvantages of these products is the lack of nutritional value. In this study the principal ingredients were jalapeno (Capsicum annuum), green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and spinach (Spinacia eleracea L.) as antioxidant sources in the production of a hot sauce. The effect of the combination of different percentages of xanthan gum and vinegar were analyzed in pH, acidity and °Brix. A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with 3 treatments and 4 repetitions. There was significant difference in pH (α= 0,05), but not in °Brix and acidity of the treatments. All of them met the requirements of the norm NMX-F-377: 1986 (Foods. Regional. Canned spicy sauce). In the study of phase separation the selected treatments were B and C for being the most stable (84% and 100%, respectively), and the treatment B was preferred in the sensory evaluation at 5% of probability. 42% of the judges classified the sauce with an ideal heat level and an 88% of purchase intention was obtained. The theoretical content of vitamin A was 15% DV in a 5 g portion.
Using deep learning techniques, a framework for estimating the nutritional value of food in real time

Dietary disorders have increased dramatically in recent decades as a result of poor eating habits. Mobile-based dietary evaluation systems that can take real-time pictures of meals and assess their nutritional content might be very helpful in changing dietary habits and, as a result, leading to a healthier lifestyle. By categorizing the input image of food, this article offers a unique approach for automatically estimating food properties such as components and nutritional value. For reliable food recognition, we use a variety of deep learning models. Aside from image analysis, features and components are computed using semantically relevant phrases extracted from a vast corpus of literature acquired over the Internet. We performed testing on a dataset of 100 classes with an average of 1000 images per class, and we were able to get a top 1 classification rate of up to 85%. As an extension of the benchmark dataset Food-101, a sub-continental food dataset has been created. According to the findings, our proposed technique is equally effective on the core Food-101 dataset and its expansion for sub-continental foods. The proposed solution is implemented as a mobile app for the healthcare business.
The Effects of the Exposure of Musculoskeletal Tissue to Extracorporeal Shock Waves

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a safe and effective treatment option for various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Many studies address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of ESWT. However, to date, no uniform concept could be established on this matter. In the present study, we perform a systematic review of the effects of exposure of musculoskeletal tissue to extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) reported in the literature. The key results are as follows: (i) compared to the effects of many other forms of therapy, the clinical benefit of ESWT does not appear to be based on a single mechanism; (ii) different tissues respond to the same mechanical stimulus in different ways; (iii) just because a mechanism of action of ESWT is described in a study does not automatically mean that this mechanism is relevant to the observed clinical effect; (iv) focused ESWs and radial ESWs seem to act in a similar way; and (v) even the most sophisticated research into the effects of exposure of musculoskeletal tissue to ESWs cannot substitute clinical research in order to determine the optimum intensity, treatment frequency and localization of ESWT.
Microfluidics-Based Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay for the On-Site Detection of Aflatoxins B1 Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol in Cereals

The primary pollutants in cereal products are aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, anti-AFB1 MAb (4C9), anti-ZEN MAb (2A3), and anti-DON MAb (1F10) were developed and used in time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay microfluidics to determine AFB1, ZEN, and DON in agricultural products. The linear range for AFB1, ZEN, and DON were 0.05~2.2 μg/kg, 1.45~375.75 μg/kg, and 11.1~124.2 μg/kg, respectively. In maize, the recoveries of AFB1/ZEN/DON were 92~101%, 102~105%, and 103~108%, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography and the proposed approach had a good correlation. Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay microfluidics is a highly efficient and sensitive field detection method for fungal toxins in agricultural products.
Human activities have markedly altered the pattern and trend of net primary production in the Ili River basin of Northwest China under current climate change

The Ili River basin (IRB), as an epitome of border areas of Northwest China and has experienced intensive human disturbance since the implementation of the Western Development Strategy in 2000. However, the ways that human activity affected the pattern and trend of net primary production (NPP) in this region under current rapid climate change remain unclear. Here, potential NPP time‐series data, driven solely by climate change, were simulated using a process‐based model IBISi, with an initial status that was already disturbed by human activity prior to the measurement period. The human impacts on NPP during the measurement period were derived by comparing potential NPP with remotely‐sensed ones. The results indicate that human activities have markedly altered the pattern and trend of NPP in the IRB during 2000–2017. Cropland reclamation and cultivation, and afforestation, have resulted in significant increases in NPP relative to their typically low values in the basin bottom areas. Associated with those changes grazing has caused negative deviations in most grasslands with potentially high NPP. As a consequence, the spatial heterogeneity of NPP was significantly lowered. A slight decreasing trend in NPP of the IRB was revealed by remote sensing, which contrasted the increasing trend that should have occurred due to climate change. This difference between the real and simulated trends was mainly attributed to a weakening of positive human impacts on NPP in croplands and strengthening of negative impacts in grasslands. These findings provide valuable information for current land‐use management and ecosystem restoration in Northwest China and Central Asia.
Knowledge Management and Innovation in Indian small scale industries: A System Dynamics Approach

The small-scale industries (SSI) sector plays a vital role in the growth of the Indian economy. It contributes almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the Indian economy. This sector creates largest employment opportunities for the Indian population, and is second to the agriculture sector. Though, there is a huge potential for the growth of SSI in India, the problems faced by them are in manifold. One of them is huge employee turnover. Employees don't tend to stay in the organization primarily due to the salary and remuneration factor. This has led them to embrace Knowledge Management (KM), but in its crude way as implementation of KM is it is capital intensive. This paper studies the practice of SECI model in SSI and simulates the same using system dynamics
Champing at the Bit for Improvements: A Review of Equine Welfare in Equestrian Sports in the United Kingdom

Simple Summary This review explores the evidence for the effect of equestrian sports on equine welfare and highlights scenarios in which their welfare can be impaired and where efforts are being made to improve it. We discuss animal welfare as a complex and disputed issue, clarifying what it means and how it can be measured. We review many aspects of animal welfare risk to the life of equids used for sport from foal to retirement. This is followed by a unique analysis of the institutions and social processes influencing equine welfare, exposing the challenges faced by a broad range of stakeholders with differing ethics, attitudes and values. We conclude with recommendations to ensure good welfare for all equids used for sport in the UK and beyond. Abstract Equestrian sports, including racing (e.g., flat, steeple-chasing, harness or donkey derby); show-jumping; cross-country; dressage; polo; polocrosse; endurance; carriage driving; vaulting and hunting; are hugely popular in the UK, and they involve a significant number of people, both as participants and spectators, and tens of thousands of equids. In this paper, we discuss animal welfare as a complex and disputed issue, clarifying what the term means and how it can be measured. We review many aspects of welfare risk to equids used for sport, addressing issues encountered throughout their lives, including housing, feeding, veterinary intervention, shoeing, handling, training, breeding and equipment. This is followed by a unique exploration of the institutions and social processes influencing equine welfare. The institutional components comprise the rules of competition, the equids, attributes of the stakeholders and the space where participants strive to achieve a common purpose. We endeavour to untangle the most significant elements that create barriers or provide opportunities for equine welfare improvement. We expose the challenges faced by a broad range of stakeholders with differing ethics, attitudes and values. Evidently, there are many welfare risks to which equids used in sports continue to be exposed. It is also evident that significant improvements have occurred in recent times, but there remains a barrier to reducing the risks to an acceptable level. We conclude with recommendations regarding a process for change, involvement of stakeholders and management of knowledge to improve equine welfare that involves identifying and prioritising the risk factors and ultimately leading to interventions, further research and/or education.
Design and Development of an Android App (HanDex) to Enhance Hand Dexterity in Children with Poor Handwriting

According to the oscillation theory of handwriting, letters are formed by the coupled modulation of horizontal and vertical oscillation of our hands. This modulation-oscillation scheme requires human motor control. Hence one of the reasons for poor handwriting is lack of fine motor skills. The main objective of this study is to design, develop and evaluate a hand therapeutic-application (HanDex) for children with writing difficulties, to enhance their hand dexterity. Hence this paper describes the design, development and evaluation of the HanDex app. It has mainly five activities for improving tripod grip, hand-eye coordination, spatial organization, letter formation and fine motor skills. The main principle behind the design of all these activities is the oscillation theory of handwriting. A set of user interface (UI) guidelines have been followed in the UI design for simplicity, user-motivation, easy navigation, etc. User evaluation of the prototype was conducted by ten participants in five iterations and the final product was built by considering their feedback. After that, we have conducted case studies in two primary school children with poor handwriting to test the effectiveness of the application. The study used a single subject pretest-posttest design to observe and measure the efficacy of the HanDex application. The post test results showed a positive impact on letter formation, size of letters, spacing of letters and words, placement, speed and legibility in these children. Hence the HanDex app is promising and warrants further investigation on more children with different levels of handwriting difficulty.
Full Genome Sequencing of Three Sedoreoviridae Viruses Isolated from Culicoides spp. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in China

Sedoreoviridae is a family of viruses belonging to the order Reovirales and comprises six genera, two of which, Orbivirus and Seadornavirus, contain arboviruses that cause disease in humans and livestock. Areas such as Yunnan Province in southwestern China, have high arboviral activity due in part to warm and wet summers, which support high populations of biting flies such as mosquitoes and Culicoides. Three viral isolates previously obtained from Culicoides collected at cattle farms in Shizong County of Yunnan Province, China, between 2019 and 2020 were completely sequenced and identified as Banna virus (BAV) genotype A of Seadornavirus and serotypes 1 and 7 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) of Orbivirus. These results suggest that Culicoides tainanus and C. orientalis are potential vectors of BAV and EHDV, respectively, and represent the first association of a BAV with C. tainanus and of an arbovirus with C. orientalis. Analysis using VP9 generally agreed with the current groupings within this genus based on VP12, although the classification for some strains should be corrected. Furthermore, the placement of Kadipiro virus (KDV) and Liao ning virus (LNV) in Seadornavirus may need confirmation as phylogenetic analysis placed these viruses as sister to other species in the genus.
Utility of High Flow Nasal Cannula during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Patients in Acute Respiratory Failure

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has often been used in the treatment of acute respiratory failure during pulmonary rehabilitation setting. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the utility of HCFN during the early rehabilitation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Twenty-two patients (10 males and 12 females, mean age 64.5 ± 5.9 years) with COVID-19 pneumonia were considered. Medical data and rehabilitative scales were used to evaluate acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 < 300), treated with HFNC three times during evaluation. Overall clinical outcomes from the evaluation of the synergy between HFNC strategy and rehabilitation were evaluated. A statistically significant improvement was observed at T2 (and of treatment) in 1 minute sit to stand test (1STST) (4 ± 3 vs. 17 ± 5, p < 0.05), short physical performance battery (SPPB) (4.3 ± 2.81 vs. 9.15 ± 2.39, p < 0.05), SpO2% post effort (93 ± 1.26 vs. 98 ± 1.01, p < 0.05), respiratory rate post effort (RR) (24 ± 3.91 vs. 20 ± 3.13, p < 0.05), heart rate (HR) (97 ± 11.9 vs. 87 ± 9.17, p < 0.05), P/F rate (235 ± 7.35 vs. 331 ± 10.91, p < 0.05), SpO2 (86 ± 4.54 vs. 97 ± 1.01 p < 0.05), RR (20 ± 4 vs. 12 ± 1.39, p < 0.05). Then, treated HFNC patients showed a good improvement in physical performance at T2 and a good compliance with treatments proved to be extremely useful in the control and reduction of dyspnea and fatigue symptoms.
Gastric Mobility and Gastrointestinal Hormones in Older Patients with Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia has serious clinical consequences and poses a major threat to older people. Gastrointestinal environmental factors are believed to be the main cause. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between sarcopenia and gastric mobility and to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and the concentration of gastrointestinal hormones in older patients. Patients aged ≥ 75 years were recruited for this prospective study from August 2018 to February 2019 at the emergency department. The enrolled patients were tested for sarcopenia. Gastric emptying scintigraphy was conducted, and laboratory tests for cholecystokinin(CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), nesfatin, and ghrelin were performed during the fasting period. We enrolled 52 patients with mean age of 86.9 years, including 17 (32.7%) patients in the non-sarcopenia group, 17 (32.7%) patients in the pre-sarcopenia group, and 18 (34.6%) in the sarcopenia group. The mean gastric emptying half-time had no significant difference among three groups. The sarcopenia group had significantly higher fasting plasma concentrations of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY. We concluded that the older people with sarcopenia had significantly higher plasma concentrations of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY. In the elderly population, anorexigenic gastrointestinal hormones might have more important relationships with sarcopenia than orexigenic gastrointestinal hormones.
Reciprocity and the duty to stay

ABSTRACT Some restrictionist arguments justifying the duty to stay as a means of addressing medical brain drain have relied on reciprocity as the moral basis for their policy proposals. In this essay, I argue that such reciprocity-based justifications for the duty to stay ignore crucial conditions of fittingness as relates to the funding of medical training.