Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flare Ribbon Expansion and Energy Release Rate

We have examined the relation between the evolution of the Hα flare ribbons and the released magnetic energy in a solar flare that occurred on 2001 April 10. Based on the magnetic reconnection model, the released energy was quantitatively calculated by using the photospheric magnetic field strengths and separation speeds of the fronts of the Hα flare ribbons. We compared the variation of the released energy with the temporal and spatial fluctuations in the nonthermal radiation observed in hard X-rays and microwaves. These nonthermal radiation sources indicate when and where large energy releases occur. We also estimated the magnetic energy released during the flare. The estimated energy release rates in the Hα kernels associated with the hard X-ray sources are locally large enough to explain the difference between the spatial distributions of the Hα kernels and the hard X-ray sources. We also reconstructed the peaks in the nonthermal emission by using the estimated energy release rates.
Silica-on-silicon based 650/1550nm wavelength Mux/Demux for swept source OCT

We propose a 650/1550nm wavelength Mux/DeMux for SS-OCT system based on silica-on-silicon (SoS), in which mixing red/infrared lightbeams can be fully separated at low insert loss through special cascaded multimode interference (MMI) structure. Each independent lightbeam is entered into its respective channel by selecting proper width and length of the MMI. By using of Finite Difference Beam Propagation Method (FD-BPM), the Mux/DeMux is optimally designed in size of 1×0.1cm2, working at 650nm and 1550nm simultaneously. The results show the degrees of separation between two lightwaves are super high, loss of infrared light is less than 0.5dB and 1dB, and its output power stability is less than 0.25dB and 0.8dB, in 1510nm -1570nm and in 1500nm -1600nm, respectively. The Mux/DeMux can be used in SS-OCT PIC based on SoS.
A multistage fiber amplifier with a decreased rate of frequency modulation of amplified pulses

We propose a new all-fiber cascade picosecond pulse amplification scheme based on optical fibers with varying normal group velocity dispersion (GVD). Amplification is performed in the fiber sections with exponential growth of the normal dispersion. Amplification sections are altered by the sections of passive fibers with the decreasing normal GVD. The pulse chirp in dispersion decreasing fibers can be adjusted by the increment of dispersion variation, enabling control of the pulse spectral width to keep it within an amplification band. To illustrate this concept numerical simulations are performed.
CK2-Mediated Phosphorylation Upregulates the Stability of USP13 and Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation

Simple Summary Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 13 (USP13) is highly amplified and promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in ovarian cancer. However, post-translational modifications and their functions on USP13 are largely unknown. This study revealed that USP13 is phosphorylated at Thr122, which upregulates the stability of USP13 at a post-translation level. Notably, mutation of Thr122 diminished the effect of USP13 on the increased proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Overall, we uncovered a new mechanism for the regulation of USP13 stability via a post-translational modification, suggesting novel therapeutics targeting USP13 in USP13-amplified cancers. Abstract Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 13 (USP13) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the stability or function of its substrate. USP13 is highly amplified in human ovarian cancer, and elevated expression of USP13 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer. However, there is little known about USP13 post-translational modifications and their role in ovarian cancer. Here, we found that USP13 is phosphorylated at Thr122 in ovarian cancer cells. Phosphorylated Thr122 (pT122) on endogenous USP13 was observed in most human ovarian cancer cells, and the abundance of this phosphorylation was correlated to the total level of USP13. We further demonstrated that Casein kinase 2 (CK2) directly interacts with and phosphorylates USP13 at Thr122, which promotes the stability of USP13 protein. Finally, we showed that Threonine 122 is important for cell proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Our findings may reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for USP13, which may lead to novel therapeutic targeting of USP13 in ovarian cancer.
The tin dioxide gas sensor

An introduction to the tin dioxide (SnO2) ceramic gas sensor and its electrical characterization is presented, followed by details of some methods of active material preparation. Problems of sensitivity, selectivity and their modification are then considered. The basic measurand is the conductance of the sensor, which means that the active material must always bridge a pair of electrodes; it must also be heated to several hundred degrees Celsius above ambient for successful operation. Descriptions of basic design approaches to the relevant electronic circuits are presented.
The International Journal of Biostatistics Optimal Sufficient Statistics for Parametric and Non-Parametric Multiple Simultaneous Hypothesis Testing

In multiple simultaneous hypothesis testing (MSHT), a significance thresholding function as a scalar statistic can be designed in an adaptive manner by sharing information among many tests performed simultaneously. By using such an adapted statistic, MSHT has greater detection power than tests using simple individual statistics. To systematically obtain an optimal thresholding function that maximizes the detection power in MSHT, Storey (2007) proposed a theoretical framework called the optimal discovery procedure (ODP). He also proposed an empirical estimation of the ODP thresholding function for a parametric MSHT that presupposes parametric forms of the null and alternative likelihood functions. Empirical Bayesian testing (Efron et al. 2001), which is based on a non-parametric treatment of arbitrary test statistics, has sometimes exhibited comparable power to the ODP. These two MSHT frameworks appear to be closely related but, because of differences in their approach (frequentist vs. Bayesian), the relationship is not well understood. We present the new concept of an optimal sufficient statistic that links the ODP and empirical Bayesian frameworks, and we show that the local false discovery rate based on the empirical Bayes can be an optimal thresholding function if a certain condition holds. We lay out exhaustive sets of presumptions to achieve optimal thresholding functions and show that, if an optimal thresholding function is derived for a parametric MSHT problem, it is still optimal for a more general and broader range of MSHT problems defined in a nonor semi-parametric way. A guide to designing optimal thresholding functions for general MSHT problems is thus provided by our study.
Thermal characterization of MBE-grown GaN/AlGaN/GaN device on single crystalline diamond

Self-heating effects in a molecular beam epitaxy-grown GaN/AlGaN/GaN structure on a single crystalline diamond is investigated. A transient interferometric method, in combination with a three dimensional model, is used to describe a pulsed operation of a transistor-like heater, and a micro-Raman technique is used in a steady state. Good agreement is found between the techniques. The thermal conductivity of the diamond is found to be 2200 W/m K, and the thermal boundary resistance to the III-N epi-structure is < 1 × 10−8 m2 K/W. The excellent cooling efficiency of the diamond is manifested by the fast saturation of the temperature at 1 μs and by a record low normalized thermal resistance of 3.5 K mm/W.
Flow instabilities between two parallel planes semi-obstructed by an easily penetrable porous medium

Abstract A study of instabilities in planar flows produced by the presence of a parallel penetrable porous obstruction is presented. The case considered is a flow between parallel plates partially obstructed by a porous medium. The most unstable perturbation modes are obtained solving numerically the eigenvalue problem derived from the linear stability analysis of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations applied to the geometry of interest. The analysis leads to an extended Orr–Sommerfeld equation including a porous term. It was found that the ratios of the permeability and depth of the obstruction with respect to the free flow layer depth are the relevant parameters influencing the stability margin and the structure of the most unstable modes. To validate the conclusions of the theoretical analysis, an experiment with air flowing through a channel semi-obstructed by a regular array of cylindrical wires was performed. The critical Reynolds number, which was determined by measuring the amplitude of velocity fluctuations at the interface of the porous medium, agrees with the theoretical predictions. The dominant instability mode was characterized by the cross-section profile of the root mean square of the velocity perturbations, which matches reasonable well with the eigenfunction of the most unstable eigenvalue. Also, the wavenumber was determined by correlating the velocity measurements in two sequential locations along the channel, which compares well with the theoretical value.
Modelling of Non-Darcy Flows through Porous Media Using Extended Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

In this article, a novel numerical method is presented for the simulation of non-Darcy flows through porous media by the incompressible smooth particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method with a predictor-corrector scheme. In the ISPH algorithm, a semi-implicit velocity-correction procedure is used and the pressure is obtained by solving the pressure Poisson equation. The key point for the application to non-Darcy flows is to include porosity and drag forces of the medium (the Darcy term and the Forcheimer term) in the ISPH method. Unsteady lid-driven flow, natural convection in non-Darcy porous cavities, and natural convection at a porous medium–fluid interface are examined separately by our extended ISPH method. The results are presented with flow configurations, isotherms, and average Nusselt numbers for different Darcy numbers from 10−4 to 10−2, porosity values from 0.4 to 0.9, and Reynolds/Rayleigh numbers. The flow pattern and rate of heat transfer inside the cavity are affected by these parameters. The results demonstrate the important effect of the Darcy number on both the heat transfer rate and the flow regime. The results from this investigation are well validated and compare favorably with previously published results.
Aeroelastic instability analysis of NES-controlled systems via a mixed Multiple Scale/Harmonic Balance algorithm

The issue to passively control aeroelastic instability of general nonlinear multi-d.o. f. systems, suffering Hopf bifurcation, is addressed. The passive device consists of an essentially nonlinear oscillator (Nonlinear Energy Sink), having the task to transfer energy from the main to the secondary structure. The mathematical problem is attacked by a new algorithm, based on a suitable combination of the Multiple Scale and the Harmonic Balance Methods. The procedure is able to furnish the codimension-2 invariant manifold on which the motion occurs, thus revealing the passive character of the oscillations of the NES. The algorithm also provides the bifurcation equations, which govern the slow flow on the manifold, expressed in terms of the main structure amplitude and phase of motion. It is shown that NES, under suitable conditions, can shift forward the bifurcation point, and, moreover, it can reduce the amplitude of the limit cycles. Theory is applied to a sample structure already studied in literature, consisting of a two-d.o. f. rigid wing under steady wind. Relevant asymptotic results are compared, for validation purposes, with numerical simulations.
Semantical completeness theorems in logic and algebra

A few well-known algebraic theorems, including the Nullstellensatz and a form of the duality theorem of Farkas-Minkowsky, are shown to be corollaries to the completeness of the hyper-resolution method in proof theory. Completeness theorems in logic have the form: if a formula (of a given formal language) is true (in a given semantics) then it is provable (in a given formal system). It may be observed that some important theorems in algebra have essentially the same form. Consider, e.g., Hilbert's Nullstellensatz: If f is a polynomial of K[xl, . , xJ] which vanishes at all common zeros of fi, . , ff in any extension of K, then fP = h If, + * * * + h1j for some natural number p and polynomials hl, . , h, of K[xl, . , xJ. Assume we are given polynomials f, fl, . , f, and want to prove that f vanishes at all common zeros of f, . , f1 in any extension of K. To give such a proof, we can try, for example, to represent f as a linear combination of fl, . , fl. If this does not work, we can try to find such a representation for fP for some natural number p; that would imply the validity of the above assertion too. Now the Nullstellensatz says that a proof of this particular form is always possible, provided the assertion to be proved is true. This remark shows the resemblance between the Nullstellensatz and completeness theorems in logic. In this paper we show that this is not a mere superfluous analogy; on the contrary, some algebraic completeness theorems, including the Nullstellensatz, are simply corollaries to a well-known logical completeness result: the completeness of Robinson's calculus based on the hyper-resolution principle [1]. (The importance of the hyper-resolution method for establishing connections between proof theory and other parts of mathematics was first noted by Matijasevich [2].) Connections between the Nullstellensatz and logic are also discussed by Scarpellini [3] and Whiteley [4]. Scarpellini uses a version of Gentzen's Hauptsatz rather than Robinson's theorem, which makes his analysis more complicated. I am very much indebted to M. Gelfond, S. Maslov, Yu. Matijasevich, and G. Mints for their helpful comments. Received by the editors June 5, 1978; presented to the Society, August 12, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 02D99.
Korteweg‐de Vries Equation and Generalizations. III. Derivation of the Korteweg‐de Vries Equation and Burgers Equation

The Korteweg‐de Vries equation and the Burgers equation are derived for a wide class of nonlinear Galilean‐invariant systems under the weak‐nonlinearity and long‐wavelength approximations. The former equation is shown to be a limiting form for nonlinear dispersive systems while the latter is a limiting form for nonlinear dissipative systems.
Linear Canonical Transformations and Their Unitary Representations

We show that the group of linear canonical transformations in a 2N‐dimensional phase space is the real symplectic group Sp(2N), and discuss its unitary representation in quantum mechanics when the N coordinates are diagonal. We show that this Sp(2N) group is the well‐known dynamical group of the N‐dimensional harmonic oscillator. Finally, we study the case of n particles in a q‐dimensional oscillator potential, for which N = nq, and discuss the chain of groups Sp(2nq)⊃Sp(2n)× O (q). An application to the calculation of matrix elements is given in a following paper.
On Estimating Stratified PH Model with Single Covariate from Sparse Data with Application to Brain Metastases Study

The estimation of the unknown parameters in the stratified Cox's proportional hazard model is a typical example of the trade-off between bias and precision. The stratified partial likelihood estimator is unbiased when the number of strata is large but suffer from being unstable when many strata are non-informative about the unknown parameters. The estimator obtained by ignoring the heterogeneity among strata, on the other hand, increases the precision of estimates although pays the price for being biased. An estimating procedure, based on the asymptotic properties of the above two estimators, serving to compromise between bias and precision is proposed. Two examples in a radiosurgery for brain metastases study provide some interesting demonstration of such applications.
Climate Variability and Change since 850 CE: An Ensemble Approach with the Community Earth System Model

AbstractThe climate of the past millennium provides a baseline for understanding the background of natural climate variability upon which current anthropogenic changes are superimposed. As this period also contains high data density from proxy sources (e.g., ice cores, stalagmites, corals, tree rings, and sediments), it provides a unique opportunity for understanding both global and regional-scale climate responses to natural forcing. Toward that end, an ensemble of simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) for the period 850–2005 (the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble, or CESM-LME) is now available to the community. This ensemble includes simulations forced with the transient evolution of solar intensity, volcanic emissions, greenhouse gases, aerosols, land-use conditions, and orbital parameters, both together and individually. The CESM-LME thus allows for evaluation of the relative contributions of external forcing and internal variability to changes evident in the paleoclimate data record, a.
Modeling Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

Heliospheric models of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) propagation and evolution provide an important insight into the dynamics of CMEs and are a valuable tool for interpreting interplanetary in situ observations. Moreover, they represent a virtual laboratory for exploring conditions and regions of space that are not conveniently or currently accessible by spacecraft. In this review I summarize recent advances in modeling the properties and evolution of CMEs in the solar wind. In particular, I will focus on: (1) the types of ICME models; (2) the boundary conditions that are imposed; (3) the role of the ambient solar wind; (4) predicting new phenomena; and (5) distinguishing between competing CME initiation mechanisms. I will conclude by discussing what topics will likely be important for models to address in the future.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard. edu/abstract_service. html
Clusters of interacting single domain Co nanomagnets for multistate perpendicular magnetic media applications

In this work we develop prototype elements for multistate (beyond binary) perpendicular data storage using interacting nanomagnet clusters. This experimental work confirms earlier theoretical work that predicted multiple discrete values of stable remanent magnetization for such clusters. The fabrication scheme is based on ultrahigh resolution electron beam lithography performed on a thin suspended silicon nitride membrane to reduce the secondary backscattered electrons from the substrate. A Co nanomagnet cluster array is deposited into the nanotemplate via pulse-reverse electrodeposition to create nanomagnets with the favored uniaxial perpendicular anisotropy. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements show the perpendicular magnetization of individual Co nanomagnets and the combined multiconfiguration behavior of a nanomagnet cluster. In concept, the discrete values of net remanent magnetization of the cluster, which represent distinct information states, can be “programmed” by a uniform applied field.
Reversible memory effects and acceptor states in pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors

Hysteresis is commonly seen in the current-voltage characteristics of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). In the absence of memory effects associated with the gate dielectric, the hysteresis in p-channel pentacene-based OTFTs, as measured in air and under illumination, was found to be dominated by trapped electrons in the semiconductor. The responsible acceptor-type traps have very long lifetimes. The immobile, previously stored negative charge requires extra holes to balance it, resulting in early establishment of the channel and extra drain current. This model is unique in that it explains the memory effect in terms of the electrostatic effect on the majority carrier population of trapped charge, opposite in sign to the majority carriers. The model is supported by drain current transient decay data. By studying the presence or absence of this effect and repeatedly measuring same devices on one substrate under various ambient and illumination conditions, we found that the responsible acceptor states a.
Equatorial superrotation and maintenance of the general circulation in two-level models

Abstract Suarez and Duffy have noted an interesting bifurcation in a two-level gridpoint general circulation model when strong tropical heating is imposed. This bifurcation results in a model climatology with strong upper-level westerlies in the tropics. In this paper, it is argued that this bifurcation is essentially due to the dominant role played by extratropical baroclinic transients in the tropical angular momentum budget. A series of numerical experiments is analyzed with a global two-level primitive equation model, using spectral truncation in the horizontal. The model climatologies in these experiments fall into two categories: 1) conventional, that is, weak upper-level easterlies/westerlies in the tropics; and 2) superrotating, that is, strong upper-level westerlies in the tropics. An attempt is made to explain the maintenance of the general circulation in these two radically different climatologies by studying the properties of unstable normal modes for the two different time-mean states. The sp.
The Circle Criterion and the $L^p$ Stability of Feedback Systems

It is shown that under certain mild assumptions the circle criterion of Sandberg and Zames implies the $L^p$ stability of a broad class of linear time-varying feedback systems for $1 \leqq p \leqq \infty $. Moreover, it is proved that if the input to the feedback configuration tends to zero then so does the output. The results are extended to the case of certain open-loop unstable systems as well as sector bounded nonlinear feedback gains. Finally it is pointed out that all the results apply to any system whose open-loop transmittance
Cosmological density of WIMPs from solar and terrestrial annihilations

If weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) comprise the dark matter, then the ratio of their annihilation signals from the centers of the Sun and Earth can be used to measure the degree to which WIMP capture and annihilation have come into equilibrium in the Earth. This would provide a measure of, or a limit on, the WIMP annihilation cross section. The annihilation cross section is, in turn, inversely related by a standard Lee-Weinberg calculation to the cosmological density of WIMPs, Ω x