Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“The world we live in now”: A qualitative investigation into parents’, teachers’, and children’s perceptions of social networking site use

Background Younger children are increasingly using social networking sites (SNS; Ofcom, Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report, 2019, https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/108182/children‐parents‐media‐use‐attitudes‐2017.pdf). In doing so, they may experience both benefits (e.g., enhanced social capital) and risks (e.g., cyberbullying). Parents and teachers play an important role in shaping children’s perceptions via internet mediation behaviours (Livingstone et al., 2017, J. Commun., 67, 82). Aims An understanding of both children’s and adults’ perceptions of the risks and benefits of SNS use within the home and school contexts is limited within current literature. This study explored parents’, teachers’, and children’s perceptions of the risks and benefits of SNS use and how adults mediate this. Sample(s) A sample of 42 participants, including 13 parents (aged 28–48), 14 teachers (aged 26–54), and 15 children (aged 7–12), participated within this study. Methods Participants took part in one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews exploring SNS use and risk and benefit perceptions, as well as internet mediation behaviours with adult participants. Results Findings highlight bonding social capital as the main benefit. Children recognize stranger danger as a risk but fail to perceive the wider online risks (e.g., cyberbullying). Parents’ and teachers’ restrictive mediation behaviours are informed by perceptions of stranger danger, safeguarding, and children lacking online responsibility. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of shifting guidance from stranger danger to discussing the wider SNS risks, as well as the benefits; it is crucial for greater financial investment and policy to overcome barriers to e‐safety education.
Social Determinants, Health Literacy, and Disparities: Intersections and Controversies

This article synthesizes what is known about the relationship between social disadvantage and measures of health literacy (HL), and reviews the research examining whether low HL is an explanatory factor connecting social disadvantage, health outcomes, and health disparities. Written from a United States perspective, this article offers a novel conceptual framework that presents how the social determinants of health might interact with HL to result in health disparities. The framework articulates relationships that reflect public health pathways and health care pathways, which include their related health literacies. The article continues with several cautionary statements based on the inherent limitations of current HL research, including problems and concerns specific to the attribution of HL as an explanatory factor for extant socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health disparities. The article closes with recommendations regarding future research directions. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2021;5(3):e233–e243. ] Plain Language Summary: Socially disadvantaged populations have worse health and health literacy compared to privileged populations. Scientists, health care providers, and policymakers are interested in the possible role health literacy plays in explaining health differences. The article reviews our current understandings of whether and how population characteristics and related exposures to risk interact with low health literacy to generate worse health to inform interventions.
Degradation of Highly Alloyed Metal Halide Perovskite Precursor Inks: Mechanism and Storage Solutions

Whereas the promise of metal halide perovskite (MHP) photovoltaics (PV) is that they can combine high efficiency with solution-processability, the chemistry occurring in precursor inks is largely unexplored. Herein, we investigate the degradation of MHP solutions based on the most widely used solvents, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). For the MHP inks studied, which contain formamidinium (FA+), methylammonium (MA+), cesium (Cs+), lead (Pb2+), bromide (Br–), and iodide (I–), dramatic compositional changes are observed following storage of the inks in nitrogen in the dark. We show that hydrolysis of DMF in the precursor solution forms dimethylammonium formate, which subsequently incorporates into the MHP film to compromise the ability of Cs+ and MA+ to stabilize FA+-based MHP. The changes in solution chemistry lead to a modification of the perovskite film stoichiometry, band gap, and structure. The solid precursor salts are stable when ball-milled into a powder, allowing for the storag.
Comparison of Zaire and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus Polymerase Complexes and Susceptibility to Antivirals through a Newly Developed Bundibugyo Minigenome System

Ebolavirus disease is a viral infection and is fatal in 25 to 90% of cases, depending on the viral species and the amount of supportive care available. Two species have caused outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV). ABSTRACT Members of the genus Ebolavirus cause lethal disease in humans, with Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) being the most pathogenic (up to 90% morality) and Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV) the least pathogenic (∼37% mortality). Historically, there has been a lack of research on BDBV, and there is no means to study BDBV outside of a high-containment laboratory. Here, we describe a minigenome replication system to study BDBV transcription and compare the efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors between EBOV and BDBV. Using this system, we examined the ability of the polymerase complex proteins from EBOV and BDBV to interact and form a functional unit as well as the impact of the genomic untranslated ends, known to contain important signals for transcription (3′-untranslated region) and replication (5′-untranslated region). Various levels of compatibility were observed between proteins of the polymerase complex from each ebolavirus, resulting in differences in genome transcription efficiency. Most pronounced was the effect of the nucleoprotein and the 3′-untranslated region. These data suggest that there are intrinsic specificities in the polymerase complex and untranslated signaling regions that could offer insight regarding observed pathogenic differences. Further adding to the differences in the polymerase complexes, posttransfection/infection treatment with the compound remdesivir (GS-5734) showed a greater inhibitory effect against BDBV than EBOV. The delayed growth kinetics of BDBV and the greater susceptibility to polymerase inhibitors indicate that disruption of the polymerase complex is a viable target for therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Ebolavirus disease is a viral infection and is fatal in 25 to 90% of cases, depending on the viral species and the amount of supportive care available. Two species have caused outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV). Pathogenesis and clinical outcome differ between these two species, but there is still limited information regarding the viral mechanism for these differences. Previous studies suggested that BDBV replicates slower than EBOV, but it is unknown if this is due to differences in the polymerase complex and its role in transcription and replication. This study details the construction of a minigenome replication system that can be used in a biosafety level 2 laboratory. This system will be important for studying the polymerase complex of BDBV and comparing it with other filoviruses and can be used as a tool for screening inhibitors of viral growth.
Robotic Ventral Hernia Repair

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To describe the outcomes of RVHR with varying prosthetic reinforcement techniques. Summary of Background Data: As a recent addition to minimally invasive hernia repair, more data is needed to establish the long-term benefits of RVHR and to identify potential predictors of adverse outcomes. Methods: Patients who underwent RVHR over a 7-year period were evaluated. Robotic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (rIPOM), transabdominal preperitoneal (rTAPP), Rives-Stoppa (rRS), and transversus abdominis release (rTAR) techniques were compared. The main outcomes were 90-day FFC, and 5-year FFR, depicted through Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by repair type and date. Results: A total of 644 RVHRs were analyzed; 197 rIPOM, 156 rTAPP, 153 rRS, and 138 rTAR. There was a gradual transition from intraperitoneal to extraperitoneal mesh placement across the study period. Although rTAPP had the highest 90-day FFC (89.5%) it also had the lowest 5-year FFR (93.3%). Conversely, although rTAR demonstrated the lowest FFC (71%), it had the highest FFR (100%). Coronary artery disease, lysis of adhesions, incisional hernia, and skin-to-skin time (10 minutes. increment) were significant predictors of 90-day complications. Incisional hernia was the sole predictor of 5-year recurrence. Conclusions: This study provides an in-depth perspective of the largest series of RVHR. Based on this experience, rTAPP is no longer recommended due to its limited applicability and high recurrence rate. Both rIPOM and rRS offer encouraging short- and long-term outcomes, while rTAR is associated with the highest perioperative morbidity. Longer follow-up is needed to assess rTAR durability, despite a promising recurrence profile.
Changes in vascular function and autonomic balance during the first trimester of pregnancy and its relationship with the new-born weight

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate vascular function changes and autonomic balance during the first trimester of pregnancy and its relationship with the new-born weight. This prospective study performed in pregnant (PG) women and after delivery (not pregnant: NPG) evaluated the endothelial function (EF) and arterial stiffness (AS) by a non-invasive method. We evaluated the heart rate variability (HRV), parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) indexes by electrocardiogram (5 min) and the urinary nitrite excretion (NOx). PG increased EF and NOx and decreased AS and HRV. PG decreased the PNS index and augmented the SNS index. The new-born weight positively correlated with the PNS index (Pearson’s r: 0.4291; p<.05), NOx, HRV and negatively correlated with AS. In summary, in pregnancy, although haemodynamically, the SNS activation plays a compensatory role, the low rates of PNS inhibition are essential to ensure normal foetal growth. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? In pregnancy, there are adaptive physiological changes in the cardiovascular system that include increases of EF and decreases AS with an SNS activation. The study of HRV lets to predict the SNS and PNS balance and how they affect blood pressure and vascular function. What the results of this study add? Although it is known that SNS activation plays a compensatory role in healthy pregnancy, this study adds the critical role of PNS. Early in pregnancy, the low rates of PNS inhibition are essential to ensure normal foetal growth. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The present results show a potential predictive value of SNS and PNS activity early in pregnancy. It will provide valuable information not only on the pregnant woman's vascular function but also on the new-born weight.
Molecular insights into α‐synuclein interaction with individual human core histones, linker histone, and dsDNA

α‐Synuclein (αS) plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The αS nuclear role, its binding affinity and specificity to histones and dsDNA remains unknown. Here, we have measured the binding affinity ( Kd ) between αS wild‐type (wt) and PD‐specific αS S129‐phosphorylation mimicking (S129E) mutant with full‐length and flexible tail truncated individual core histones (H2a, H2b, H3, and H4), linker histone (H1), and carried out αS‐dsDNA interaction studies. This study revealed that αS(wt) interacts specifically with N‐terminal flexible tails of histone H3, H4, and flexible tails of H1. The αS(S129E) mutant recognizes histones similar to αS(wt) but binds with higher affinity. Intriguingly, αS(S129E) showed a binding affinity for control proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme), while no interaction was seen for αS(wt). Based on our above observation, we contemplate that the physio‐chemical properties of αS with S129‐phosphorylation has changed compared to αS(wt), resulting in interaction for other proteins, which is the basis for Lewy body formation. Besides, this study showed αS binding to dsDNA is weak and nonspecific. Overall, αS specificity for histone binding suggests that its nuclear role is possibly driven through histone interaction.
A risk‐based framework for assessing real‐time lung cancer screening eligibility that incorporates life expectancy and past screening findings

Current lung cancer risk‐based screening approaches use a single risk‐threshold, disregard life‐expectancy, and ignore past screening findings. We address these limitations with a comprehensive analytical framework, the individualized lung cancer screening decision (ENGAGE) tool that aims to optimize lung cancer screening for US ever‐smokers under dynamic risk assessment by incorporating life expectancy and past screening findings over time.
Neurophysiology of Gambling Behavior and Internet Use Vulnerability: A Comparison Between Behavioral and EEG Measures

The present research explored electrophysiological activity (EEG) related to problematic internet use (PIU) vulnerability in a nonclinical population. Vulnerability to PIU was assessed through internet addiction test (IAT) in a sample of 23 participants. Moreover, they underwent a behavioral Iowa gambling task (IGT) for testing decision-making functioning and N2 event-related potentials (ERPs) component was monitored during an attentional inhibitory Go/NoGo task performance with addiction-related background pictures (videogames, online gambling, and neutral stimuli). IAT measure positively correlated with both IGT index and N2 variation at the Go/NoGo task. High-IAT young participants showed specific responses to internet addiction-related cues (pictures representing online gambling) in terms of ERPs amplitude of N2pc for Go trials in Pz. Findings suggested an early attentional facilitation effect for specific addiction-related stimuli, online gambling-related stimuli, suggesting a selective attention bias for salient stimuli in this population. While higher levels of IAT do not seem to correspond to a deficit in decision-making abilities, the selective attention mechanisms show to be partially biased in response to the salience of external cues.
Whole-genome profiling of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), a hematological neoplasm caused by skin-homing CD30+ malignant T cells, is part of the spectrum of primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. To date, only a small number of molecular alterations have been described in pcALCL and, so far, no clear unifying theme that could explain the pathogenetic origin of the disease has emerged among patients. In order to clarify the pathogenetic basis of pcALCL, we performed high-resolution genetic profiling (genome/transcriptome) of this lymphoma (n=12) by using whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. Our study, which uncovered novel genomic rearrangements, copy number alterations and small-scale mutations underlying this malignancy, revealed that the cell cycle, T-cell physiology regulation, transcription and signaling via the PI-3-K, MAPK and G-protein pathways are cellular processes commonly impacted by molecular alterations in patients with pcALCL. Recurrent events affecting cancer-associated genes included deletion of PRDM1 and TNFRSF14, gain of EZH2 and TNFRSF8, small-scale mutations in LRP1B, PDPK1 and PIK3R1 and rearrangements involving GPS2, LINC-PINT and TNK1. Consistent with the genomic data, transcriptome analysis uncovered upregulation of signal transduction routes associated with the PI-3-K, MAPK and G-protein pathways (e.g., ERK, phospholipase C, AKT). Our molecular findings suggest that inhibition of proliferation-promoting pathways altered in pcALCL (particularly PI-3-K/AKT signaling) should be explored as potential alternative therapy for patients with this lymphoma, especially, for cases that do not respond to first-line skin-directed therapies or with extracutaneous disease.
Air-classified faba bean protein fraction as a substitute to soybean meal in pelleted and extruded broiler diets

ABSTRACT 1. The hypothesis that air-classified faba bean protein fraction (FBP) can replace soybean meal (SBM) in pelleted or extruded broiler diets without adverse effect on performance or nutrient digestibility was tested. 2. At 17 d of age, male broilers were randomly distriibuted among four dietary treatments consisting of either SBM or FBP (main dietary protein source) and pelleting or extrusion as processing methods. Treatments had 10 replicate pens containing five birds each. 3. Compared to SBM, birds fed FBP had significantly lower feed intake, less weight gain and had poorer feed conversion. 4. Pellet durability was high (above 92%) for all diets. In pelleted diets, FBP was harder than SBM whereas extruded diets had similar hardness. Pelleting increased water stability compared to extrusion. FBP diets were more water stable than the SBM diets. 5. Gizzard content weight was 2.2-fold higher (P = 0.002) for birds given FBP compared to those fed SBM. The weight of the jejunum and ileum with contents was 1.4-fold lower for the FBP diets, and this effect was larger (P < 0.05) for the extruded FBP diet. 6. Birds fed FBP diets had significantly higher nitrogen digestibility in the lower jejunum and ileum compared to those given SBM diets, while the starch digestibility coefficient was above 0.980 in all treatments. 7. The high nutrient digestibility of FBP diets indicates that the poor performance of the FBP group was due to lower feed intake which was not explained by the differences in pellet durability or hardness. The reduced palatability of the FBP and the longer retention of the FBP diets in the upper gut are more likely to have depressed feed intake.
Emergence of robust self-organized undulatory swimming based on local hydrodynamic force sensing

Using a robot, we show that hydrodynamic feedback loops and redundancy of peripheral and central mechanisms produce robust swimming. Undulatory swimming represents an ideal behavior to investigate locomotion control and the role of the underlying central and peripheral components in the spinal cord. Many vertebrate swimmers have central pattern generators and local pressure-sensitive receptors that provide information about the surrounding fluid. However, it remains difficult to study experimentally how these sensors influence motor commands in these animals. Here, using a specifically designed robot that captures the essential components of the animal neuromechanical system and using simulations, we tested the hypothesis that sensed hydrodynamic pressure forces can entrain body actuation through local feedback loops. We found evidence that this peripheral mechanism leads to self-organized undulatory swimming by providing intersegmental coordination and body oscillations. Swimming can be redundantly induced by central mechanisms, and we show that, therefore, a combination of both central and peripheral mechanisms offers a higher robustness against neural disruptions than any of them alone, which potentially explains how some vertebrates retain locomotor capabilities after spinal cord lesions. These results broaden our understanding of animal locomotion and expand our knowledge for the design of robust and modular robots that physically interact with the environment.
Chronic low‐grade inflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is currently the predominant form of HF with a dramatic increase in risk with age. Low‐grade inflammation, as occurs with aging (termed “inflammaging”), is a common feature of HFpEF pathology. Suppression of proinflammatory pathways has been associated with attenuated HFpEF disease severity and better outcomes. From this perspective, inflammasome signaling plays a central role in mediating chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease progression. However, the causal link between the inflammasome‐immune signaling axis on the age‐dependent progression of HFpEF remains conjectural. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of inflammatory pathways in age‐dependent cardiac function decline. We will also evaluate recent advances and evidence regarding the inflammatory pathway in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, with special attention to inflammasome signaling.
The joint roadmap for radiation protection research: outreach and future

During the last decade there has been remarkable integration of radiation protection research in Europe, driven by six research platforms. The platforms are associations of research centres, university research groups and funding bodies in Member States that are dedicated to specialised areas of research in radiation protection, such as health risks (MELODI), radioecology (ALLIANCE), radiological emergencies (NERIS), dosimetry (EURADOS), medical use of radiation (EURAMED) and societal aspects (SHARE). Recently these platforms established an umbrella organisation MEENAS, to endorse further integration and joint activities in research, education and training, and infrastructures. A milestone in this process of integration and priority setting was achieved in 2020 when the first edition of the joint roadmap for radiation protection research was finalised. In this paper we describe the various roles for research and development in the radiation protection context, ranging from basic scientific knowledge underpinning the system of protection to research supporting the development and application of international standards and research and development activities needed to ensure safety in radiation practices and in potential exposure scenarios. We describe the process of how the joint roadmap has been developed and how it could be implemented. Finally, we address the need to anticipate potential future exposure scenarios and to systematically consider the impact of emerging technologies and global challenges in the context of radiation protection. The joint roadmap is a living document that needs to be regularly updated to cover both current and potential exposures of humans and the environment.