Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An approach for optimization of loading cycles of hydraulic mining excavators

The present paper describes an optimization multi‐stage approach for computing the optimal loading cycle of a heavy weight excavator along a predefined trajectory under dynamic constraints such as maximal ensuing forces, accelerations, and maximal allowed hydraulic power. The approach involves the use of splines of 3rd and 5th order for smooth interpolation of the spatial trajectory up to the level of linear and angular accelerations, as well as an SQP optimization routine to find the optimal end‐effector motion law along the trajectory, which finally leads to strokes and pressures at the hydraulic actuators as a function of time. The approach can also be extended to other multi‐body systems following a predetermined trajectory. The solution scheme can be included in a more general optimization routine aiming to optimize the trajectory itself. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unity or Anarchy? A Historical Search for the Psychological Consequences of Psychotrauma

The field of traumatic stress is often referred to as being in a state of controversy and lack of continuity. Throughout history, disputes repeatedly centered on defining the psychological consequences of severe adverse events and on their causes. Even to this day this is current. To understand these controversies, an extensive historical literature review is presented of how mental consequences of trauma have been described in history, of the circumstances in which this took place, and of the disputes that have influenced the conceptualization of these mental responses. We found psychotrauma always being surrounded by controversy. Significant heterogeneity in symptom expression has been described over the centuries to this day. Some symptoms appeared steadily over many decades, but often each time period showed its own core symptoms. At syndrome level, we found an acute condition, one with longer duration, and a complex condition. Also here, definitions varied over the decades. Finally, causes have always been debated, such as biological, psychological, socio-economic, cultural, political, or legal. To better reflect the described ongoing variation in symptomatology, a more flexible diagnostic approach is proposed with a combination of both staging and subtyping that offers room for a more flexible, symptom-oriented, and personalized perspective.
The inertial lift on a spherical particle in a plane Poiseuille flow at large channel Reynolds number

The inertial migration of a small rigid sphere translating parallel to the walls within a channel flow at large channel Reynolds numbers is investigated. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to solve the equations governing the disturbance flow past a particle at small particle Reynolds number and to evaluate the lift. Both neutrally and non-neutrally buoyant particles are considered. The wall-induced inertia is significant in the thin layers near the walls where the lift is close to that calculated for linear shear flow, bounded by a single wall. In the major portion of the flow, excluding near-wall layers, the wall effect can be neglected, and the outer flow past a sphere can be treated as unbounded parabolic shear flow. The effect of the curvature of the unperturbed velocity profile is significant, and the lift differs from the values corresponding to a linear shear flow even at large Reynolds numbers.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid PDM-SAC-OCDMA-Enabled FSO Transmission Using ZCC Codes

The need for a high-speed transmission network has become essential due to the exponential increase in traffic. In this paper, a free-space-optics (FSO) link modelled by integrating two multiplexing techniques, i.e., spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) using zero cross correlation (ZCC) codes and polarization division multiplexing (PDM), is proposed. On the X-polarization (XPolar) state, three users with three different ZCC codes are transmitted. In addition, another three users with the same ZCC codes are transmitted on the Y-polarization (YPolar) state. Each user carries 20 Gbps of information. Weather conditions, such as clear, fog, and snowfall, are considered when assessing the efficacy of our suggested model. The results exhibit 120 Gbps transmission at 10 km under clear weather. For foggy weather, the propagation range varies from 1.6 km to 0.76 km according to the density of the fog. Moreover, the system can transport information up to 1.2 km during wet snowfall, though this range decreases to 0.26 km under dry snowfall showing that the highest attenuation is caused by dry snowfall weather conditions. The achieved ranges are obtained with a bit error rate ≤10−9 and Q-factor greater than 6. Consequently, this proposed FSO model is suggested for use in 5G and 6G high speed transmission networks.
GEM-Gate: A Low-Cost, Flexible Approach to BioBrick Assembly

Rapid and modular assembly of DNA parts is crucial to many synthetic biologists. This can be achieved through Golden Gate assembly, which often requires purchase and delivery of new primers for each part and assembly configuration. Here, we report on a small set of primers that can be used to amplify any DNA from the Registry of Standard Biological Parts for Golden Gate assembly. These primers bind to regions common to the backbone plasmid for these parts, but pair imperfectly and introduce type IIS restriction enzyme sites in a way that minimizes assembly scars. This approach makes redesign of assembly strategies faster and less expensive and can help expand access to synthetic biology to a wider group of scientists and students.
Simple random walk statistics. Part I: Discrete time results

In a famous paper, Dwass (1967) proposed a method to deal with rank order statistics, which constitutes a unifying framework to derive various distributional results. In the present paper an alternative method is presented, which allows us to extend Dwass's results in several ways, namely arbitrary endpoints, horizontal steps and arbitrary probabilities for the three step types. Regarding these extensions the pertaining rank order statistics are extended as well to simple random walk statistics. This method has proved appropriate to generalize all results given by Dwass. Moreover, these discrete time results can be taken as a starting point to derive the corresponding results for randomized random walks by means of a limiting process.
A Survey of Extended Radio Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with Chandra and the Hubble Space Telescope: First Results

We present the first results from an X-ray and optical survey of a sample of radio jets in active galactic nuclei with Chandra and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We focus here on the first six sources observed in X-ray, in four of which a bright X-ray jet was detected for the first time. In three out of the four cases, optical emission from the jet is also detected in our HST images. We compare the X-ray morphology with the radio as derived from improved processing of archival Very Large Array data, and we construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for the most conspicuous emission knots. In most cases, the SEDs, together with the similarity of the X-ray and radio morphologies, favor an inverse Compton origin for the X-rays. The most likely origin of the seed photons is the cosmic microwave background, implying the jets are still relativistic on kiloparsec scales. However, in the first knot of the PKS 1136-135 jet, X-rays are likely produced via the synchrotron process. In all four cases, bulk Lorentz factors of a few are required. The radio maps of the two jets not detected by either Chandra or HST suggest that they are less beamed at large scales than the other four detected sources. Our results demonstrate that, at the sensitivity and resolution of Chandra, X-ray emission from extragalactic jets is common, yielding essential information on their physical properties.
Performance evaluation of an optical network based on optical cross add drop multiplexer

In this paper, the transmission performance of 4×10 Gbps wavelength division multiplexing system using optical cross add and drop multiplexer (OXADM) with 0.1 nm channel spacing has been demonstrated and the effect of insertion loss, attenuation and crosstalk has been investigated. It is found that the signal can be transmitted with acceptable BER up to 85 km without amplification at insertion loss 6 dB with an attenuation of 50 dB. In addition, it is also observed that the system provides acceptable performance with maximum crosstalk of −35 dB at an insertion loss of 70 and 6 dB attenuation for the same distance. We show improvement in transmission distance at high bit rates and reduced channel spacing.
Strategies for developing tunable multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor fiber ring lasers

Compact optical sources that generate picosecond pulses at multiple wavelengths are of interest for numerous applications in optical instrumentation, fiber optic sensing, and optical communications. In recent years, numerous methods have been demonstrated to obtain multi-wavelength, mode-locked (ML) operation from erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) and semiconductor fiber ring lasers (SFRLs). In contrast to EDFLs, the use of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) allows for stable, multi-wavelength emission at room temperature with narrow wavelength separation since they are not constrained by the EDF homogenous broadened linewidth, and for operation over a wide wavelength band. To increase the functionality for some applications, it is also important to be able to tune the output wavelengths of the optical pulse source. In this paper, we provide an overview of our on-going work on developing tunable multi-wavelength, ML-SFRLs. In terms of achieving multi-wavelength operation, we have used multi-wavelength filters based on a high-birefringence Sagnac loop and superimposed fiber Bragg gratings. In terms of short pulse generation, we have explored two different methods for mode-locking: the use of an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator and the injection of an external optical control signal to modulate the gain of the SOA via cross-gain modulation. Finally, in terms of wavelength tunable operation, we have exploited dispersion tuning, i.e. the use of a dispersive cavity and changing the modulation frequency of the mode-locking element. We present and discuss our results for two different ML-SFRL configurations.
Random-design regression under long-range dependent errors

We consider the random-design nonparametric regression model with long-range dependent errors that may also depend on the independent and identically distributed explanatory variables. Disclosing a smoothing dichotomy, we show that the finite-dimensional distributions of the Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimator of the regression fimunction converge either to those of a degenerate process with completely dependent marginals or to those of a Gaussian white-noise process. The first case occurs when the bandwidths are large enough in a specified sense to allow long-range dependence to prevail. The second case is for bandwidths that are small in the given sense, when both the required norming sequence and the limiting process are the same as if the errors were independent. This conclusion is also derived for all bandwidths if the errors are short-range dependent. The borderline situation results in a limiting convolution of the two cases. The main results contrast with previous findings for deterministic-design regression.
A useful proposition for division algebras of small degree

Let F be a field and let D be an F-central division algebra of degree n. We present a short, elementary proof of the following statement: There is an n 1-dimensional F-subspace V of D such that for every nonzero element v of V, Tr(v) = Tr(v-1) = 0. We then indicate how one can use this result to obtain the basic structural results on division algebras of degree three and four (results of Wedderbum and Albert, respectively). In this note we present a simple proposition about reduced traces in division algebras and show how it can be used to obtain easily the basic structure theorems for division algebras of degree three and four. The proposition is implicit in the paper [2] of Brauer but his argument uses the more sophisticated theory of Brauer factor sets. Let F be a field and if D is an F-central division algebra let Tr: D -+ F denote the reduced trace. Proposition. Let D be an F-central division algebra of degree n. Let K be a maximal subfield. Then: (1) There is an element d E Dx such that Tr(kd) = O for all k E K. (2) Let d be as in (1). There is an F-subspace V of K such that dim V = n I and Tr(kI'd) = Tr(d lk) = O for all k E V {O}. In particular there is an (n 1)-dimensional subspace W of D such that Tr(w) = Tr(w ) = 0 for all w E W {0}. Proof. (1) There is an F-linear transformation U from D to K* (the dual space of K) given by U(d)(k) = Tr(kd) for d E D, k E K. Since dimF D > dimF K, the result follows. (2) Given d as in (1), there is an F-functional S on K given by S(k) = Tr(d 'k). Let k E ker(S) {0}. Then Tr(k'ld) = 0 by the choice of d and Tr(d k) = 0 because k E ker(S) . But dimF ker(S) > n 1, so we may choose V to be any (n 1)-dimensional subspace of ker(S). Finally if we let W = d I V, then Tr(w) = Tr(w1 I) = 0, for all w E W. Received by the editors July 20, 1988. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 16A16, 13A20. 1989 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/89 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Multiple Signal Classification for Gravitational Wave Burst Search

This work is mainly focused on the application of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for gravitational wave burst search. This algorithm extracts important gravitational wave characteristics from signals coming from detectors with arbitrary position, orientation and noise covariance. In this paper, the MUSIC algorithm is described in detail along with the necessary adjustments required for gravitational wave burst search. The algorithm's performance is measured using simulated signals and noise. MUSIC is compared with the Q-transform for signal triggering and with Bayesian analysis for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, using the Ω-pipeline. Experimental results show that MUSIC has a lower resolution but is faster. MUSIC is a promising tool for real-time gravitational wave search for multi-messenger astronomy.
An efficient algorithm for Parafac with uncorrelated mode‐A components applied to large I × J × K data sets with I >> JK

Harshman and Lundy (Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 1994; 18: 39–72) described an option in the Parafac algorithm for constraining one or more component matrices to have uncorrelated columns. In cases where an algorithm using this constraint is to be applied to a three‐way array that has too many entries in one mode, the algorithm is computationally impractical. The present paper describes two modifications of their algorithm to handle the multiplications involving the large mode efficiently for cases where the product of the sizes of the other two modes is smaller than that of the larger mode. By means of a simulation study, it is demonstrated that these procedures (which are similarly efficient) are much more efficient than the original algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical basis of interpolation equations for radiation thermometry

A method is described to relate the parameters appearing in interpolation equations for radiation thermometry directly to the radiometric characteristics of the thermometer itself. It is shown that for sufficiently narrow bandwidths these parameters are independent of the shape of the spectral responsivity and can be expressed solely in terms of its mean wavelength and bandwidth as determined by the variance. This allows the parameters to be determined either by direct measurement of the spectral responsivity, by measurements at fixed points, or by a combination of the two, in effect unifying the ITS-90, interpolation, and absolute thermometry methodologies for determining temperature. The development of high-temperature metal–carbon and metal-carbide–carbon eutectic fixed points means that temperatures up to and exceeding 3500 K may be determined by implementing a single simple interpolation equation in a variety of ways.
NH3 in IRC +10216

Ammonia has been detected in the circumstellar envelope of IRC +10216 by means of three infrared absorption lines in the nu-2 band around 950 kaysers. The profiles are well resolved at a resolution of 0.22 km/s and show that most of the circumstellar gas is accelerated to expansion velocities around 14 km/s within a few stellar radii. The observed ammonia requires a rotational temperature between 400 and 700 K, an H2 density between 100 million and 10 billion per cu cm, and an NH3 column density of 10 to the 17th per sq cm. The H2 density indicates that the mass of the circumstellar envelope within a 1 arcsec radius is about 0.1 solar mass.
Modified Poisson-Gauss Single-Function to Describe the GRIN of the Human Lens

The human lens plays a crucial role in the vision process, since it is responsible for the accommodation mechanism and for the reduction of optical aberrations. Its modeling is important for the comprehension of the relationship between its physiological and optical properties, and ultimately for ophthalmic purposes. In this work we propose a modified version of the Poisson-Gauss function to construct a lens model that permits the fine-tuning of optical properties of the corresponding schematic eye. Particularly, we analyze how the refractive power of a schematic eye varies as the modification of the Poisson-Gauss function is induced. This can be useful in the modeling of personalized eyes with ophthalmic relevance.
Wearable sweat biosensors on textiles for health monitoring

With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration, a wide variety of textile-based wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare, exercise monitoring, and pre-diagnostics. This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring. The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced. The classification, fabrication methods, and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized. Afterward, innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented, followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance. Finally, the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability, washability, stability, and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.
Log-Stable Distribution and Intermittency of Turbulence

The logarithm of the breakdown coefficient e r /e l , e r being the mean energy dissipation rate averaged over a sphere of radius r is shown, under a similarity assumption, to obey a stable distribution, the characteristic function of which is given by ϕ( z | r / l )=( r / l ) (µ/2 α -2)[i z -( z e $ i π/2 ) α ] , where µ>0 and 0 0, as e→∞. The present results include the log-normal theory for α=2 and coincide with the prediction of µ p due to the β-model in the limit α→0.
Decoupled load flow with variables in rectangular form

Until now, little attention has been paid to load-flow methods with variables expressed in rectangular form. These methods could have some advantages over existing methods in polar form, bearing in mind the large amount of computation required for load-flow calculations in large networks where evaluation of polar trigonometric functions is necessary. This paper presents several decoupled load-flow methods, some of them having very good convergence and time characteristics, based on the application of Newton's method to equations of nodal power or current mismatches with the variables, i.e. the nodal voltages, expressed in rectangular form. All the methods presented are compared with several variants of the decoupled load-flow method with variables in polar form. The methods given are applied in studies of electrical networks with different voltage levels from distribution to EHV and various elements, including transformers, cables, short lines, long lines, as well as conditioned and ill-conditioned systems. Comparison is made between all methods by noting the number of iterations for converged solutions from a common start to the end of the iteration process.
Revisiting a Model for Combustion Instability Involving Vortex Shedding

We revisit a simple reduced order model (Matveev, K., and Culick, F. E. C, 2003, A Model for Combustion Instability Involving Vortex Shedding, Combust Sci. and Tech., 175, 1059) and re-examine its implications in light of the non-normal and nonlinear nature of combustion acoustic interactions. To this end, one-dimensional linear acoustic equations are used to model the acoustic field in an open-open duct. The Galerkin technique is then implemented to expand the acoustic pressure and velocity fluctuations in terms of the natural acoustic modes. The coupled thermoacoustic system is shown to be non-normal and nonlinear. This leads to complicated but interesting physics that were not examined in the earlier study. Examples showing transient growth leading to instability and bootstrapping in an initially decaying system are then presented. It is also shown that a vortex-based combustor reaches different limit cycle amplitudes for the same system parameters when subjected to different initial conditions. Further, the effect of damping on the non-normal behavior of the system is studied. A test case is presented that shows that for a lowly damped system, a slight increase in damping leads to high amplitude unstable oscillations. Finally, pseudospectral analysis is presented to study the non-normal behavior of such systems.
Quantized Hall conductance, current carrying edge states, and the existence of extended states in a two-dimensional disordered potential

When a conducting layer is placed in a strong perpendicular magnetic field, there exist current-carrying electron states which are localized within approximately a cyclotron radius of the sample boundary but are extended around the perimeter of the sample. It is shown that these quasi-one-dimensional states remain extended and carry a current even in the presence of a moderate amount of disorder. The role of the edge states in the quantized Hall conductance is discussed in the context of the general explanation of Laughlin. An extension of Laughlin's analysis is also used to investigate the existence of extended states in a weakly disordered two-dimensional system, when a strong magnetic field is present.
Preservation of quantum states via a super-Zeno effect on ensemble quantum computers

Following a recent proposal by Dhar et al (2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 100405), we demonstrate experimentally the preservation of quantum states in a two-qubit system based on a super-Zeno effect using liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Using inverting radiofrequency pulses and delicately selecting time intervals between two pulses, we suppress the effect of decoherence of quantum states. We observe that preservation of the quantum state |11 with the super-Zeno effect is three times more efficient than the ordinary one with the standard Zeno effect.