Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MPK6‐mediated HY5 phosphorylation regulates light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit

Summary Light is known to regulate anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis in plants on several levels, but the significance of protein phosphorylation in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation needs further investigation. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the apple fruit phosphoproteome in response to light, using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among the differentially phosphorylated proteins, the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor, HY5, which has been identified as an anthocyanin regulator, was rapidly activated by light treatment of the fruit. We hypothesized that phosphorylated MdHY5 may play a role in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple fruit. Protein interaction and phosphorylation assays showed that mitogen‐activated protein kinase MdMPK6 directly interacted with, and activated, MdHY5 via phosphorylation under light conditions, thereby increasing its stability. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase genes MdMPK6 or MdHY5 resulted in an inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation, and further showed that light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on MdMPK6 kinase activity, and is required for maximum MdHY5 activity. Under light conditions, active MdMPK6 phosphorylated MdHY5 leading to accumulation of phospho‐MdHY5, which enhanced the binding of MdHY5 to its target anthocyanin related genes in fruit. Our findings reveal an MdMPK6–MdHY5 phosphorylation pathway in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation, providing new insights into the regulation of light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit at both the transcriptional and post‐translational levels.
First Principles Study of Structural Phase Transition in Ag2S under High Pressure

Abstract We have studied the structural behavior of Ag2S under pressure (P) using density functional theory (DFT). By comparing the enthalpy differences of the different structures under pressure it can be seen that at zero pressure, the lowest energy structure calculated for Ag2S was the same as that found experimentally at low temperatures, namely, P21/c monoclinic. While up to pressure above P = 30 GPa, Ag2S undergoes two different first-order structural phase transitions. The first one that observed at P = 9.3 GPa is from monoclinic P21/c (phase I) structure to orthorhombic (phase II) P212121 structure and the second transition at P = 13.8 GPa is computable to transition from orthorhombic P212121 to monoclinic (phase III) P21/c structure.
Numerical algorithms for the computation of the Smith normal form of integral matrices

Numerical algorithms for the computation of the Smith normal form of integral matrices are described. More specifically, the compound matrix method, methods based on elementary row or column operations and methods using modular or p-adic arithmetic are presented. A variety of examples and numerical results are given illustrating the execution of the algorithms. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication Details C. Koukouvinos, M. Mitrouli and Jennifer Seberry, Numerical algorithms for the computation of the Smith normal form of integral matrices, Congressus Numerantium, 133 (1998), 127-162. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/infopapers/1156 Numerical algorithms for the computation of the Smith normal form of integral matrices c. Koukouvinos~ M. Mitrouli! and Jennifer Seberryt Abstract Numerical algorithms for the computation of the Smith normal form of integral matrices are described. More specifically, the compound matrix method, methods based on elementary row or column operations and methods using modular or p-adic arithmetic are presented. A variety of examples and numerical results are given illustrating the execution of the algorithms. AMS Subject Classification: Primary 65F30, Secondary 15A21, 15A36.
AN EXACT ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE VICINITY OF THE HELIOSPHERE

An analytical representation of the interstellar magnetic field in the vicinity of the heliosphere is derived. The three-dimensional field structure close to the heliopause is calculated as a solution of the induction equation under the assumption that it is frozen into a prescribed plasma flow resembling the characteristic interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium. The usefulness of this analytical solution as an approximation to self-consistent magnetic field configurations obtained numerically from the full MHD equations is illustrated by quantitative comparisons.
Weather Recognition Based on Still Images Using Deep Learning Neural Network with Resnet-15

The recognition of weather condition from still images is quite challenging due to weather diversity and lack of distinct characteristics that exists in many weather conditions. Some researchers have used the K-nearest neighbor method to recognise a specific extract of a weather condition, to test the efficiency of the recognition task. Other works attempted to resolve this problem viewed weather recognition as a single identifier task. In order to enhance the accuracy of recognising weather conditions, this research uses the approach of convolutional layers of Resnet-15 model to extract the essential features of an image. Thereafter, uses the fully connected layers and the softmax classifier to recognise and classify the images, a small size dataset of images from diverse scenes called dataset-2, is used. And Resnet-15 model is used for the testing and training on the datadet-2. The experiments of the proposed approach have been able to correctly recognise the weather conditions of the images, with a better accuracy, speed and reduction in the model size of the network.
AN X-RAY AND RADIO STUDY OF THE VARYING EXPANSION VELOCITIES IN TYCHO’S SUPERNOVA REMNANT

We present newly obtained X-ray and radio observations of Tycho’s supernova remnant using Chandra and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in 2015 and 2013/14, respectively. When combined with earlier epoch observations by these instruments, we now have time baselines for expansion measurements of the remnant of 12–15 years in the X-rays and 30 years in the radio. The remnant’s large angular size allows for proper motion measurements at many locations around the periphery of the blast wave. Consistent with earlier measurements, we find a clear gradient in the expansion velocity of the remnant, despite its round shape. The proper motions on the western and southwestern sides of the remnant are about a factor of two higher than those in the east and northeast. We showed in an earlier work that this is related to an offset of the explosion site from the geometric center of the remnant due to a density gradient in the ISM, and using our refined measurements reported here, we find that this offset is ∼23″ toward the northeast. An explosion center offset in such a circular remnant has implications for searches for progenitor companions in other remnants.
Improving Dark Matter Axion Searches with Active Resonators

Axions are a well motivated candidate for dark matter. The most sensitive experiments searching for dark matter axions rely on the coupling of axions to the electromagnetic resonances of a microwave cavity immersed in a strong magnetic field. The sensitivity of the experiment is proportional to the Q of the resonance that is coupled to axions. To date, the resonators used in axion searches have all been passive, with Qs limited by power loss in the cavity walls. I propose the use of active feedback resonators to increase the Q of microwave cavity axion dark matter experiments by several orders of magnitude. This should allow experiments to significantly increase the rate at which they can test potential axion masses and couplings.
Restoration of Archival Images Using Neural Networks

Substantial parts of the image material of today’s digital archives are of low quality, creating problems for automated processing using machine learning. These quality issues can stem from a multitude of reasons, ranging from damaged originals to the reproduction hardware. Modern machine learning has made automatic “restoration” or “colourization” readily available. Curators and scholars might want to “improve” or “restore” the original’s quality to create engagement with the artefacts. However, a fundamental problem of the “restoration” process is that information must always be added to the original, creating reproductions with a synthesized extended realism. In this paper, we will discuss the nature of the “restoration” or “colourization” process in two parts. Firstly, we will focus on how the restoration algorithms work, discussing the nature of digital imagery and some intrinsic properties of “enhancement”. Secondly, we propose a system, based on modern machine learning, that can automatically “improve” the quality of digital reproductions of handwritten medieval manuscripts to allow for large scale computerized analysis. Furthermore, we provide code for the proposed system. Lastly, we end the paper by discussing when and if “restoration” can, and should, be used.
Lambertian surfaces with over- and under-filled field of view

Optical science and engineering education and practice make frequent use of the concepts of Lambertian surfaces, Lambertian reflectance, or Lambertian emission. These are all based on Lambert’s cosine law, which states that the radiant or luminous intensity [W/sr] reflected or emitted from a Lambertian surface varies as the cosine of the angle between the direction of incident (or emitted) radiation and the surface normal. However, a simpler definition is a Lambertian source produces radiance [W/(m2 sr)] that is constant with angle. This definition helps avoid common errors and confusion that arise when a Lambertian source is viewed in different geometries in which the field-of-view (FOV) solid angle is over- or under-filled by the source. In this paper we describe the theory of Lambertian reflection and emission for under- and over filled FOV situations and show measurements from a simple set of reflection experiments that help to prove these theories in practice by demonstrating that flux measured with an under-filled FOV varies as the cosine of the viewing angle, while flux measured with an over-filled FOV does not. We also show how to set up and conduct experiments to illustrate these different situations using a simple halogen lamp, lens, photodiode, and Lambertian panel.
Towards Stirling engine from a single up-converting particle confined in an optical trap at pump-wavelength exhibiting Hot Brownian Motion

Up-converting particles (UCP) absorb wavelengths in IR region and emit light in visible region by multiphoton absorption process. When optically trapped with 975 nm laser, these particles show active Hot Brownian Motion (HBM) due to the temperature difference created across the particle by the trapping laser. This is akin to an active particle optically confined in a tweezers with properly oriented motion. However, the activity vanishes when trapped with 1064 nm laser. We carefully maneuver the activity dependence of UCPs on laser wavelength to build a Stirling engine. A Stirling cycle consists of an isothermal expansion followed by isochoric cooling, isothermal compression and isochoric heating. Here, activity of the UCP in an optical trap is analogous to effective temperature which is controlled by the 975 nm laser. Whereas, the confinement of the trapped particle is similar to volume which can be altered by changing the trap stiffness of the 1064 nm laser trap. In this work, We first trap a UCP simultaneously with 1064 nm laser and 975 nm laser. Gradually decreasing 1064 nm laser power keeping 975 nm laser power constant decreases the trap stiffness resulting in less confinement of the UCP while keeping the activity constant. This process is considered as isothermal expansion. There can also be another process where 975 nm is increased and 1064 nm laser power is reduced leaving the total intensity constant. That would amount to isochoric process. We explore all these processes towards the Stirling cycle.
Is sustainable operations constrained to financial stress in China’s manufacturers? The moderation effect of customer concentration

Optimizing customer structure is worthy of developing because products/services offering can promote a delightful financial situation. Inspired by this, we examine the moderation effect of customer concentration targeting at the relationship between financial stress and sustainable operations of China’s manufacturers that exercise substantial impacts on climate change and industrial prosperity. Many industrial sectors, for example, shipbuilding, nonferrous metals, electronic component manufacturing, and food processing, are involved in this study. Empirical results indicate that a higher asset-liability ratio (embodying debt-level stress) and a higher ratio of tax payment to tax rebate (embodying social-level stress) both do not impose a constraint to sustainable operations, but such operations indeed need a response from a lower ratio of total operating cost to total operating revenue (embodying operation-level stress) and a decentralized customer structure. Moreover, customer concentration offers a power to be able to enhance the anti-risk capability of financial stress at the operation-level, thus suggesting narrowing the gap between tax payment and tax rebate. Our analysis transpires that a disharmony between financial stress and sustainable operations can be buffered by decentralizing customer structure. This study contributes to a new insight around the effect of customer in harmonizing finance and sustainability issues in manufacturers of emerging markets, thereby inspiring backbone industries to reach business sustainability assisted by a broad customer group.
Generalized interaction-free evolutions

A thorough analysis of the evolutions of bipartite systems characterized by the \lq effective absence\rq\, of interaction between the two subsystems is reported. First, the connection between the concepts underlying Interaction-Free Evolutions (IFE) and Decoherence-Free Subspaces (DFS) is explored, showing intricate relations between these concepts. Second, starting from this analysis and inspired by a generalization of DFS already known in the literature, we introduce the notion of generalized IFE (GIFE), also providing a useful characterization that allows to develop a general scheme for finding GIFE states.
EVADE: Exploring Vaccine Dissenting Discourse on Twitter

Social media plays a pivotal role in acquiring, exchanging and expressing public opinions and perceptions on a unprecedented scale in these pandemic times. In this paper, we develop an end-to-end knowledge extraction and management framework named as EVADE . This framework is used to automatically extract information consistent and inconsistent with scientific evidence regarding vaccination. Additionally, we seek to explore public opinion towards vaccination resistance proposing novel natural language processing methods. The knowledge extraction pipeline consists of three major modules, namely, knowledge-base construction, categorization of vaccine dissenting tweets, and effective analyses of discourses in those tweets effectively. Our major contributions lie in the fact that (i) the proposed knowledge extraction framework does not require huge amounts of labelled tweets of different categories and (ii) our module outperformed baselines by a significant margin of ≈ 8% to ≈ 14% in the classification tasks, and effectively analyze vaccine dissenting discourse.
The coinages in Seuss 1

The children ’ s books of Dr. Seuss aboundin wordsthat the author invented. Inspection shows that these coinages are not arbitrary, raising the challenge of specifying the linguistic basis on which they were created. Drawing evidence from regression analyses covering the full set of Seuss coinages, I note several patterns, which include coinages that are phonotactically ill-formed, coinages meant to sound German and coinages that assist compliance with the meter. But the primary coinage principle for Seuss appears to have been to use words that include PHONESTHEMES (Firth 1930), small quasi-morphemic sequences af ﬁ liated with vague meanings. For instance, the coinage Snumm contains two phonesthemes identi ﬁ ed in earlier research, [sn-] and [- ʌ m]. Concerning phonesthemes in general, I assert their af ﬁ liation with vernacular style, and suggest that phonesthemes can be identi ﬁ ed in words purely from their stylistic effect, even when the af ﬁ liated meaning is absent. This is true, I argue, both for Seuss ’ s coinages and for the existing vocabulary.
Conventional and Reciprocal Approaches to theForward and Inverse Problems ofElectroencephalography

The inverse problem of electroencephalography (EEG) is the localization of current sources within the brain using surface potentials on the scalp generated by these sources. An inverse solution typically involves multiple calculations of scalp surface potentials, i.e., the EEG forward problem. To solve the forward problem, models are needed for both the underlying source configuration, the source model, and the surrounding tissues, the head model. This thesis treats two distinct approaches for the resolution of the EEG forward and inverse problems using the boundary-element method (BEM): the conventional approach and the reciprocal approach. The conventional approach to the forward problem entails calculating the surface potentials starting from source current dipoles. The reciprocal approach, on the other hand, first solves for the electric field at the source dipole locations when the surface electrodes are reciprocally energized with a unit current. A scalar product of this electric field with the source dipoles then yields the surface potentials. The reciprocal approach promises a number of advantages over the conventional approach, including the possibility of increased surface potential accuracy and decreased computational requirements for inverse solutions. In this thesis, the BEM equations for the conventional and reciprocal approaches are developed using a common weighted-residual formulation. The numerical implementation of both approaches to the forward problem is described for a singledipole source model. A three-concentric-spheres head model is used for which analytic solutions are available. Scalp potentials are calculated at either the centroids or the vertices of the BEM discretization elements used. The performance of the conventional and reciprocal approaches to the forward problem is evaluated for radial and tangential dipoles of varying eccentricities and two widely different skull conductivities. We then determine whether the potential advantages of the reciprocal approach suggested by forward problem simulations can be exploited to yield more accurate inverse solutions. Single-dipole inverse solutions are obtained using simplex minimization for both the conventional and reciprocal approaches, each with centroid and
Pathogen disgust and interpersonal personality Personality and Individual Differences

The behavioral immune system includes motivational systems for avoiding contact with pathogens, including those transmitted byother people. Motivations to avoidothersmay depend not only on the perceived risk of in-fectionbutalsoonperceivedbene ﬁ tsofsocialinteraction.Basedonthisidea,wehypothesisethatmoreagreeable people may experience less disgust towards other people, but not necessarily less disgust towards other patho- gen sources. Using two existing samples, we tested whether agreeableness and other personality factors related more to disgust towards human than non-human pathogen cues. As predicted, agreeableness negatively corre- lated with disgust towards human pathogen cues but not with disgust towards non-human pathogen cues. In contrast,extraversionhadnorelationwithdisgusttowardshumanornon-humanpathogencues.These ﬁ ndings suggest that disgust felt towards others may re ﬂ ect a trade-off between pathogen avoidance and the preferred quality of interpersonal relationships, but not the preferred quantity of relationships. Implications of these ﬁ ndings for understanding the relation between disgust and interpersonal attitudes and behaviours are discussed. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The Real-Time Linux Kernel

The increasing functional and nonfunctional requirements of real-time applications, the advent of mixed criticality computing, and the necessity of reducing costs are leading to an increase in the interest for employing COTS hardware in real-time domains. In this scenario, the Linux kernel is emerging as a valuable solution on the software side, thanks to the rich support for hardware devices and peripherals, along with a well-established programming environment. However, Linux has been developed as a general-purpose operating system, followed by several approaches to introduce actual real-time capabilities in the kernel. Among these, the PREEMPT_RT patch, developed by the kernel maintainers, has the goal to increase the predictability and reduce the latencies of the kernel directly modifying the existent kernel code. This article aims at providing a survey of the state-of-the-art approaches for building real-time Linux-based systems, with a focus on PREEMPT_RT, its evolution, and the challenges that should be addressed in order to move PREEMPT_RT one step ahead. Finally, we present some applications and use cases that have already benefited from the introduction of this patch.
Alveolar Type II Cell Damage and Nrf2-SOD1 Pathway Downregulation Are Involved in PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury in Rats

The general toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been intensively studied, but its pulmonary toxicities are still not fully understood. To investigate the changes of lung tissue after PM2.5 exposure and identify the potential mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity, PM2.5 samples were firstly collected and analyzed. Next, different doses of PM2.5 samples (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) were intratracheally instilled into rats to simulate lung inhalation of polluted air. After instillation for eight weeks, morphological alterations of the lung were examined, and the levels of oxidative stress were detected. The data indicated that the major contributors to PM2.5 mass were organic carbon, elemental carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Different concentrations of PM2.5 could trigger oxidative stress through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and decreasing expression of antioxidant-related proteins (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase). Histochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy displayed pulmonary inflammation, collagen deposition, mitochondrial swelling, and a decreasing number of multilamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells after PM2.5 exposure, which was related to PM2.5-induced oxidative stress. These results provide a basis for a better understanding of pulmonary impairment in response to PM2.5.