Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of aquatic exercise on mood and anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective Exercise has beneficial effects on mood and anxiety symptoms. However, the impact of aquatic exercise on mood and anxiety symptoms has not been clearly confirmed. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize and systematically analyze evidence available on boosting mental health through aquatic exercise. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted under the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, PsycINFO, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Education Source, and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) were searched in May 2022. The research included the influence of aquatic exercises on mood and anxiety symptoms. After assessing trial quality and completing data extraction, a meta-analysis was carried out through R software. The results were presented as a standardized mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 18 original trials were included. People who received aquatic exercise intervention had a statistically significant reduction in mental disorder symptoms compared with before. The results were aquatic exercise [SMD = −0.77, 95% CI (−1.08, −0.47), I2 = 77%, P < 0.01], swimming [SMD = −0.51, 95% CI (−1.14, 0.12), I2 = 78%, P < 0.01], aquatic aerobics [SMD = −0.92, 95% CI (−1.32, −0.53), I2 = 78%, P < 0.01], moderate intensity [SMD = −0.75, 95% CI (−1.07, −0.43), I2 = 67%, P < 0.01], and low intensity [SMD = −1.07, 95% CI (−1.08, −0.47), I2 = 85%, P < 0.01]. Conclusion Aquatic exercise could statistically significantly improve mental health. Light aquatic aerobics probably has a better effect on mood and anxiety symptoms. However, given the number and quality of included research, verifying the aforementioned conclusions requires a larger sample of high-quality studies.
Performance-environment mutual flow model using big data on baseball pitchers

Introduction The study investigated the baseball pitching performance in terms of release speed, spin rate, and 3D coordinate data of the release point depending on the ball and strike counts. Methods We used open data provided on the official website of Major League Baseball (MLB), which included data related to 580 pitchers who pitched in the MLB between 2015 and 2019. Results The results show that a higher ball count corresponds to a slower release speed and decreased spin rate, and a higher strike count corresponds to a faster release speed and increased spin rate. For a higher ball count, the pitcher's release point tended to be lower and more forward, while for a higher strike count, the pitcher's release point tended to be to the left from the right pitcher's point of view. This result was more pronounced in 4-seam pitches, which consisted the largest number of pitchers. The same tendency was confirmed in other pitches such as sinker, slider, cut ball, and curve. Discussion Our findings suggest that the ball count is associated with the pitcher's release speed, spin rate, and 3D coordinate data. From a different perspective, as the pitcher's pitching performance is associated with the ball and strike count, the ball and strike count is associated with pitching performance. With regard to the aforementioned factor, we propose a “performance-environment flow model,” indicating that a player's performance changes according to the game situation, and the game situation consequently changes the player's next performance.
The attentional boost effect and perceptual degradation: Assessing the influence of attention on recognition memory

Researchers have suggested that the recognition memory effects resulting from two separate attentional manipulations—attentional boost and perceptual degradation—may share a common cause; namely a transient up-regulation of attention at the time of encoding that leads to enhanced memory performance at the time of retrieval. Prior research has demonstrated that inducing two similar transient shifts of attention simultaneously produces redundant performance in memory. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the combined influence of the attentional boost and perceptual degradation on recognition memory. If these two effects share a common cause, then we ought to observe a redundancy in memory performance, such that these two factors interact. Yet, across four experiments we fail to observe such a redundancy in recognition memory. We evaluate these results using the limited resource model of attention and speculate on how combining transient shifts of attention may produce redundant memory performance in the one case, but non-redundant performance in the other case.
Deciphering the role of endophytic microbiome in postharvest diseases management of fruits: Opportunity areas in commercial up-scale production

As endophytes are widely distributed in the plant’s internal compartments and despite having enormous potential as a biocontrol agent against postharvest diseases of fruits, the fruit–endophyte–pathogen interactions have not been studied detail. Therefore, this review aims to briefly discuss the colonization patterns of endophytes and pathogens in the host tissue, the diversity and distribution patterns of endophytes in the carposphere of fruits, and host–endophyte–pathogen interactions and the molecular mechanism of the endophytic microbiome in postharvest disease management in fruits. Postharvest loss management is one of the major concerns of the current century. It is considered a critical challenge to food security for the rising global population. However, to manage the postharvest loss, still, a large population relies on chemical fungicides, which affect food quality and are hazardous to health and the surrounding environment. However, the scientific community has searched for alternatives for the last two decades. In this context, endophytic microorganisms have emerged as an economical, sustainable, and viable option to manage postharvest pathogens with integral colonization properties and eliciting a defense response against pathogens. This review extensively summarizes recent developments in endophytic interactions with harvested fruits and pathogens—the multiple biocontrol traits of endophytes and colonization and diversity patterns of endophytes. In addition, the upscale commercial production of endophytes for postharvest disease treatment is discussed.
How do you see your role as a follower? A quantitative exploration of followers’ role orientation

How people see and define their role in different social settings has been of interest in psychological science for several decades. However, followers’ role orientations, followers’ beliefs about their role in the workplace, and how they execute their roles, have mostly been omitted in research so far. Nevertheless, followers’ role orientations are important as they can affect (work-related) behavior. Therefore, this study quantitatively investigates the structure, heterogeneity, and consistency of followers’ role orientations as well as the role orientations’ link to work-related traits and behaviors. For this purpose, content and statistical analysis of an Implicit-Followership-Theory Scale and latent profile analyses were conducted with data from two points in time via a sample of German employees (t1: n = 211, t2: n = 69). The results indicate that a passive/active work attitude (Enthusiasm) plays the most prominent part in differences in followers’ role orientation, followed by a positive/negative work ethic (Industry), and cooperativeness toward the leader (Good Citizen). Moreover, followers can be differentiated according to their role orientations into three distinct types: the Anti-Prototype, the Moderate Anti-Prototype, and the Moderate Prototype. Followers of the Moderate Prototype have the highest values in work-related traits and behaviors like conscientiousness and personal initiative. Followers’ profile affiliation is stable for three-quarters of the sample over 4–6 weeks. Overall, these findings point to role orientation being a (performance-related) follower characteristic, making role orientations relevant for application processes, especially for positions with frequent leader–follower interactions. Lastly, results show a current conceptual inaccuracy. They indicate the need to differentiate more rigorously between role orientations and Implicit Followership Theories (IFT), although currently both are often used synonymously. Therefore, recommendations for alterations to the used Implicit Followership Theory scale for capturing followers’ role orientations are given, including the elimination of items with situational character and changes in wording and factor structure.
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from nonrelativistic quasar outflows

It has been suggested that non-relativistic outflows from quasars can naturally account for the missing component of the extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background and explain the cumulative neutrino background through pion decay in collisions between protons accelerated by the outflow shock and interstellar protons. Here we show that the same quasar outflows are capable of accelerating protons to energies of $\sim 10^{20}$ eV during the early phase of their propagation. The overall quasar population is expected to produce a cumulative ultra high energy cosmic ray flux of $\sim10^{-7}\,\rm GeV\,cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}$ at $E_{\rm CR}\gtrsim10^{18}$ eV. The spectral shape and amplitude is consistent with recent observations for outflow parameters constrained to fit secondary $\gamma$-rays and neutrinos without any additional parameter tuning. This indicates that quasar outflows simultaneously account for all three messengers at their observed levels.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health providers regarding access to and use of contraceptive methods among adolescents and youth in urban Guinea

Introduction The objective of this study was to analyze providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding access to and use of contraception by urban adolescents and youth. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 1,707 health care providers in 173 selected private and public health facilities in the capital city of Conakry and the seven administrative regions of Guinea. Factors associated with health care providers' attitudes and practices were then analyzed using logistic regression. Results Among the 1,707 health providers, 71% had a good level of Knowledge about modern contraceptive use among adolescents and youth. In addition, 62% had positive attitudes, and 41% had good prescribing practices toward using modern contraceptive methods by adolescents and youth. Being a midwife (aOR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02–1.89), Being aged 25–34 years (aOR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2–2.3), 35–44 years (aOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4–3.0), and 45 years, and older (aOR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.3–4.2), an increase of years in professional experience (aOR:1.05; 95%CI: 1.02–1.08) were factors significantly associated with provider positive attitudes. However, being a medical doctor (aOR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.04–4.42), an increase of years in professional experience (aOR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.04–1.10) and a positive attitude (aOR: 3.16. 95%CI: 2.48–4.01) were factors associated with good practice in delivering modern contraceptive methods to adolescents and youth. Conclusion Positive attitudes and good practices toward the use of contraceptive services by adolescents and youth were found among providers. However, many health care providers still have unfavorable attitudes and practices toward delivering FP services to urban adolescents and youth. Therefore, future intervention programs should focus on training health care providers in youth- and adolescent-friendly reproductive health services and promoting contraception among adolescents.
Association between maternal sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the social-emotional development of child before 1 year old: A prospective cohort study

Background Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has become an international public health issue. Adverse effects of sugary beverage consumption on both mother and child during pregnancy continue to be found. However, evidence regarding maternal SSB consumption and social-emotional development of children is lacking. Methods Based on the Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study (loss rate: 10.97%), we included 985 mother-infant pairs from 2018 to 2022. All mothers had a singleton live birth without hypertension, diabetes, tumor, or serious immune system disease before pregnancy. We used a chart of frequency distribution to show maternal SSB consumption, including non-diet soda, tea drinks (not 100% tea), fruit drinks, Sugar-sweetened coffee, bubble tea, or cocoa drinks, and total SSBs. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios of the potential delay on social-emotional development of each child was monitored at both 6 months and 12 months of age based on maternal SSB consumption. Results Among the mothers, 728 (73.91%) drank SSBs <1 time per week, 194 (19.70%) drank SSBs 1–2 times per week, 43 (4.37%) drank SSBs 3–4 times per week, and 20 (2.03%) drank SSBs 5 or more times per week. Children aged 12 months with mothers who drank SSBs five or more times per week during pregnancy had an increased risk of potential delay on social-emotional development compared to those with mothers who drank SSBs less than once per week [odds ratio: 3.08 (1.13–8.39)]. Regarding the specific kinds of SSBs, we found that tea drinks (not 100% tea) were positively associated with potential delay on social-emotional development in children aged 6 months. Conclusion Nearly three-quarters of mothers consumed almost no SSBs during pregnancy. High SSB intake during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of the potential delay on social-emotional development of a child at 6 and 12 months of age.
Predictive value of left ventricular dyssynchrony for short-term outcomes in three-vessel disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with preserved or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

Background and objective Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the reference standard intervention in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with three-vessel disease (3VD). We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony for short-term adverse outcomes in patients with 3VD undergoing CABG with preserved or mildly reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Materials and methods This study involved ninety-five 3VD patients with preserved or mildly reduced LVEF undergoing scheduled on-pump CABG. The pre-operative diameters and volumes of LV and LVEF were obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography. LV dyssynchrony parameters were acquired by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) and analyzed by HeartModel quantification software. And the perfusion index of LV was obtained by contrast echocardiography. The clinical endpoints of short-term adverse outcomes comprised 30-day mortality and/or composite outcomes of postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for the occurrence of post-CABG short-term adverse outcomes. Results Short-term adverse outcomes occurred in 12 (12.6%) patients. These patients had higher LV dyssynchrony parameters obtained through RT-3DE. The standard deviation (SD) of the time to minimum systolic volume (Tmsv) corrected by heart rate over 16 segments (Tmsv16-SD%) [odds ratio (OR), 1.362; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.090–1.702); P = 0.006], one of the LV dyssynchrony parameters, was independently associated with short-term adverse outcomes. Patients with poor synchronization tended to spend more time in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital after surgery. Conclusion Pre-operative LV dyssynchrony parameter Tmsv16-SD% obtained through RT-3DE could be a useful additional predictor of postoperative short-term adverse outcomes in 3VD patients with preserved or mildly reduced LVEF undergoing CABG.
Gravitational Microlensing by Clustered MACHOs

It has been proposed that the MACHOs in our galaxy could be clumped in globular cluster--like associations or RAMBOs (robust associations of massive baryonic objects) (Moore \& Silk 1995). Here we investigate the effect such clustering has on the microlensing of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find that the lensing in a one square degree field could be dominated by just a few clusters. As a result the lensing properties vary widely depending on the position and velocity of those clusters which happen to lie between us and the LMC. Moreover we find a large variance in time scale distributions that suggests that the small number statistics could easily be dominated by events in the tails of the unclustered distribution ({\it e.g.} by long periods). We compare our results with the MACHO collaboration's data and find that a ``standard'' halo made entirely of MACHOs is not strongly disfavored if the clusters have masses of $10^6 M_{\odot}$. For less massive clusters such a halo is not as likely. For $10^4 M_{\odot}$ clusters the microlensing statistics are essentially unchanged from the unclustered case. It may be possible to detect very massive clusters from the distribution of events in time-scale and space. We provide some example time- scale distributions.
Temperature modulates systemic and central actions of thyroid hormones on BAT thermogenesis

Thyroid hormones (THs) play a major role regulating energy balance and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, as well as body temperature, as shown in hyperthyroid patients. However, the current landscape of preclinical thyroid hormone models is complex. For example, while rats become catabolic after TH administration, mice gain weight; so, these differences in species need to be analyzed in detail and specially whether temperature could be a factor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on those actions. Rats were subcutaneously treated with L-thyroxine (T4) or stereotaxically within the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) with triiodothyronine (T3) and housed at 23°C, 4°C or 30°C; energy balance, BAT thermogenesis and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the VMH were analyzed. Our data showed that the effect of both systemic T4 of central T3 on energy balance and BAT thermogenesis was dependent upon environmental temperature. This evidence is of interest in the design of experimental settings highlighting the species-specific metabolic actions of THs, and in understanding its physiological role in the adaptation to temperature.
Association of mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio with inflammation in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1–4: A retrospective study

Objective The mean platelet volume/ratio (MPVLR) is recognized as a novel marker of inflammation. We evaluated whether the MPVLR is associated with inflammation in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–4. Methods A total of 402 non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 1–4 were included. The indicators of hematological, renal function (urea, serum creatinine [Scr], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], and urine albumin to creatinine ratio [ACR]) and the markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] and fibrinogen [FIB]) were recorded. The MPVLR values at different CKD stages were analyzed. Next, based on the absence (hsCRP level < 5 mg/L) and presence (hsCRP level > 5 mg/L) of inflammation, the patients were categorized, and the differences in indices between the two groups were observed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the median MPVLR value (6.39) at admission. The laboratory indices of patients with CKD were compared. Simultaneously, a correlation analysis was performed to identify the association between the MPVLR and each parameter. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test whether the MPVLR was associated independently with the presence of inflammation in non-dialysis patients with CKD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyzed diagnostic performance of the MPVLR in evaluating the inflammation of non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 1-4. Results The MPVLR was higher in patients with CKD stages 3–4 than in those with CKD stages 1 and 2. Significant differences in urea, Scr, eGFR, ACR, lymphocyte (LYM), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), RBC distribution width (RDW-CV), MPVLR, and FIB values were observed between the groups with and without inflammation. The patients with a higher MPVLR had higher urea, Scr, ACR, WBC, neutrophils (NEU), RDW-CV, platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and hsCRP values and lower eGFR, LYM, RBC, HGB, and platelet (PLT) values. The MPVLR showed a positive correlation with age, urea, Scr, WBC, NEU, RDW-CV, PDW, MPV, and hsCRP values and a negative correlation with the eGFR, LYM, RBC, HGB, and PLT values. A logistic analysis revealed that the MPVLR was associated independently with the presence of inflammation in non-dialysis patients with CKD, after adjustment for the confounding factors (odds ratio = 1.020; P = 0.024). Furthermore, MPVLR exhibited a modest diagnostic performance for the assessment of inflammation in non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 1-4, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.706, and the sensitivity, specificity being 46.2% and 83.2%, respectively. Conclusions The MPVLR was associated independently with the presence of inflammation in non-dialysis patients with CKD and may be useful for monitoring inflammation.
Instability of nonsupersymmetric smooth geometries

Recently certain nonsupersymmetric solutions of type IIb supergravity were constructed [V. Jejjala, O. Madden, S. F. Ross, and G. Titchener, Phys. Rev. D 71, 124030 (2005). ], which are everywhere smooth, have no horizons and are thought to describe certain non-Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfield microstates of the D1-D5 system. We demonstrate that these solutions are all classically unstable. The instability is a generic feature of horizonless geometries with an ergoregion. We consider the end point of this instability and argue that the solutions decay to supersymmetric configurations. We also comment on the implications of the ergoregion instability for Mathur's fuzzball proposal.
Histones and their chaperones: Adaptive remodelers of an ever-changing chromatinic landscape

Chromatin maintenance and remodeling are processes that take place alongside DNA repair, replication, or transcription to ensure the survival and adaptability of a cell. The environment and the needs of the cell dictate how chromatin is remodeled; particularly where and which histones are deposited, thus changing the canonical histone array to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Chromatin is highly dynamic, and histone variants and their chaperones play a crucial role in maintaining the epigenetic regulation at different genomic regions. Despite the large number of histone variants reported to date, studies on their roles in physiological processes and pathologies are emerging but continue to be scarce. Here, we present recent advances in the research on histone variants and their chaperones, with a focus on their importance in molecular mechanisms such as replication, transcription, and DNA damage repair. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role they have in transposable element regulation, aging, and chromatin remodeling syndromes. Finally, we describe currently used methods and their limitations in the study of these proteins and highlight the importance of improving the experimental approaches to further understand this epigenetic machinery.