Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic pressure of deconfined QCD matter in presence of strong magnetic field within one-loop approximation

Considering the general structure of the two point functions of quarks and gluons, we compute the free energy and pressure of a strongly magnetized hot and dense QCD matter created in heavy-ion collisions. In presence of strong magnetic field we found that the deconfined QCD matter exhibits a paramagnetic nature. One gets different pressure in a direction parallel and perpendicular to magnetic field due to the magnetization acquired by the system. We obtain both longitudinal and transverse pressure, and magnetization of a hot deconfined QCD matter in presence of magnetic field. We have used hard thermal loop approximation (HTL) for heat bath. We obtained completely analytic expression for pressure and magnetization under certain approximation. Various divergences appearing in free energy are regulated using appropriate counter terms. The obtained anisotropic pressure may be useful for magnetohydrodynamics description of a hot and dense deconfined QCD matter produced in heavy-ion collisions.
Emergence of large cliques in random scale-free networks

In a network cliques are fully connected subgraphs that reveal which are the tight communities present in it. Cliques of size c > 3 are present in random Erdos and Renyi graphs only in the limit of diverging average connectivity. Starting from the finding that real scale-free graphs have large cliques, we study the clique number in uncorrelated scale-free networks finding both upper and lower bounds. Interestingly, we find that in scale-free networks large cliques appear also when the average degree is finite, i.e. even for networks with power law degree distribution exponents γ(2,3). Moreover, as long as γ < 3, scale-free networks have a maximal clique which diverges with the system size.
Signal amplification in a nanomechanical Duffing resonator via stochastic resonance

The authors experimentally study stochastic resonance in a nonlinear bistable nanomechanical doubly clamped beam resonator, which is capacitively excited by an adjacent gate electrode. The resonator is tuned to its bistability region by an intense pump near a point of equal transition rates between its two metastable states. The pump is amplitude modulated, inducing modulation of the activation barrier between the states. When noise is added to the excitation, resonator’s displacement exhibits noise dependent amplification of the modulation signal. They measure resonator’s response in the time and frequency domains, the spectral amplification, and the statistical distribution of the jump time.
Scale dependent spectral index in slow roll inflation

Recent observations suggest that the spectral index of the primordial perturbations is very close to unity, as expected in models of slow roll inflation. It is still possible for such models to produce spectra which are scale dependent. We present a formula for the spectrum produced by an arbitrary inflaton potential (within the context of slow roll models); this formula explicitly illustrates and accounts for the possiblity of scale dependence. A class of examples are studied and comparisons made with the standard slow roll formula.
Using SuZIE arcminute-scale CMB anisotropy data to probe open and flat-\Lambda CDM cosmogonies

We use arcminute-scale data from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Infrared Experiment to set limits on anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation in open and spatially-flat-Lambda cold dark matter cosmogonies. There are no 2-sigma detections for the models tested. The upper limits obtained are consistent with the amplitude of anisotropy detected by the COBE/DMR experiment.
The Effect of Density Variations on Elemental Abundance Ratios in Gaseous Nebulae

Using numerical analysis it is demonstrated that when there are changes in gas density within a nebulae various empirical methods for determining the electron density can give different results. Eleven different species are considered which have line pair ratios that are well-known electron density (Ne) diagnostic tools. In the presence of varying density, there is a progression in inferred values of Ne from N+ (122/204 microns) at the lowest to C(2+) (1906/1909 A) at the highest. For many of the 11 species there is a fixed order in the inferred density, while for others the order can change somewhat for different mixes of densities. When there are nonconstant density conditions, it is shown that systematic biases may occur in the empirical determination of chemical abundance ratios. Tabular material is presented that delineates the maximum bias that can occur in the determination of a particular abundance ratio in a two-component model. 51 refs.
Prospects of medium tomography using back-to-back hadron correlations

We discuss the prospects of extracting information on bulk QCD matter distribution and evolution on the basis of hard hadronic back-to-back correlations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using both hydrodynamic and parametrized evolution models for the space-time evolution of produced matter, which have been tested against data from the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, we study six different setups for the space-time dependence of hard-parton energy losses. Assuming that the energy loss of hard partons traversing the medium is radiative and calculable in the Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peign\'e-Schiff formalism, we adjust one parameter, the quenching power scale, to the measured nuclear suppression factor ${R}_{\mathit{AA}}$ in each of the setups and study the systematic variations of the back-to-back yield as a function of transverse momentum ${p}_{T}$. We show which space-time regions are probed by one- and two-particle observables and study in some detail the role of longitudinal and transverse expansion. We also comment on the importance of considering fluctuations around the average energy loss. We conclude that while current data are too limited in momentum coverage, future data for higher trigger energy might provide the lever arm in away-side hadron momentum necessary to perform medium tomography, provided that sufficient precision can be achieved.
Approaching high efficiencies over 13% with 2-/spl mu/m thick CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells

Highly efficient CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells with thinner PV active layers are required from a view point of reduction of production cost as well as toxicity of Cd. We have achieved the conversion efficiency of 13.5% (V/sub oc/: 0.799 V, J/sub sc/: 24.8 mA/cm/sup 2/, F.F.: 0.679, area: 0.42 cm/sup 2/) using 2.0-/spl mu/m thick PV active layers. High efficiencies were obtained with annealing temperatures at CdCl/sub 2/ treatment lower than those for conventional thick (5-10 /spl mu/m) solar cells. Furthermore, higher oxygen concentration of 7% at the CdCl/sub 2/ treatment was found to be effective for improvement of the efficiencies.
Comparison of BD MAX GBS and GenomEra GBS assays for rapid intrapartum PCR detection of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of BD MAX and GenomEra PCR assays for a rapid PCR detection of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci at delivery. Methods This is a retrospective laboratory analysis of vaginal swab samples taken intrapartum from a randomly selected cohort of pregnant women giving birth at a single childbirth and maternity unit. Results Ninety-one culture-positive and 279 culture-negative vaginal samples were included from a cohort of 902 women. One-hundred-and-two specimens were found positive with the BD MAX and 84 with the GenomEra PCR assay. No statistically significant difference was observed compared to culture, sensitivity of BD MAX 84.6% (77/91) [95%CI 75.5–91.3] and of GenomEra 71.4% (65/91) [95%CI 61.0–80.4]. When compared to a combined reference standard, no statistically significant differences were seen between culture, BD MAX and GenomEra PCR assays. The sensitivities were 82.7% (91/110) [95%CI 74.3–89.3], 87.3% (96/110) [95%CI 79.6–92.9], and 79.1% (87/110) [95%CI 70.3–86.3], respectively. Conclusion Both PCR assays performed comparably to culture of the intrapartum vaginal samples. In particular, the GenomEra assay is potentially an easy and rapid on-site PCR test for intrapartum detection of vaginal carriage of group B streptococci at a maternity ward to identify women who should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
Efficient Lagrangian relaxation algorithms for industry size job-shop scheduling problems

We improve the job specific decomposition Lagrangian relaxation algorithm applied to industry size job shop scheduling problems with more than 10000 resource constraints. We introduce two new features in the Lagrange multiplier updating procedure. First, the usual solution of all subproblems followed by dual cost estimation and update of multiplier values is replaced by the estimation of a surrogate dual cost function and a more frequent update of multipliers is implemented after each subproblem solution. Second, an adaptive step size in the subgradient based multiplier update is introduced. Asymptotic properties of the surrogate dual cost function are obtained and the proposed algorithmic improvements are evaluated in extensive numerical examples including published data used by other researchers, as well as extensive real industrial scheduling system data.
Astrophysical and Astrobiological Implications of Gamma-Ray Burst Properties

Combining results from Schmidt for the local cosmic rate and mean peak luminosity of γ-ray bursts (GRBs) with results on the history of the cosmic star formation rate (SFR), we provide estimates for the local GRB rate per unit blue luminosity in galaxies. For a moderate increase in SFR with redshift, we find a GRB rate per unit B luminosity of 2.4 × 10-17 hLyr-1. The corresponding mean γ-ray luminosity density in the Milky Way is 1.6 × 1029 ergs s-1 pc-2, and the total rate is 5.5 × 10-7 h yr-1. These values are used to examine a number of phenomena with the following conclusions: (1) The ratio of supernova rate to isotropic equivalent GRB rate is large: ≳6000 SNe Ibc per GRB, ≳30,000 SNe II per GRB. With no correction for collimation, it is difficult to maintain that more than a small fraction of neutron star- or black hole-forming events produce GRBs. GRBs could arise in a large fraction of black hole- or magnetar-forming events only with collimation in the range ΔΩ/4π ~ 0.01-0.001 and a steep enough slope of the initial mass function. (2) Without substantial collimation, the GRB rate is small; with collimation, the energy input is small. The net effect is that it is impossible to use these events to account for the majority of large H I holes observed in our own and other galaxies. (3) Modeling the GRB events in the Milky Way as a spatial Poisson process and allowing for modest enhancement in the star formation rate due to birth in a spiral arm, we find that the probability that the solar system was exposed to a fluence large enough to melt the chondrules during the first 107 yr of solar system history is negligibly small, independent of collimation effects. This is especially true considering that there is strong evidence that the chondrules were melted more than once. (4) We calculate the probability that surfaces of planets and satellites have been subjected to irradiation from GRBs at fluence levels exceeding those required for DNA alterations during a given period of time. Downscattering to energies at which photoelectric absorption occurs results in a transmission factor for ionizing radiation that is an exponential function of the atmospheric column density. Even for very opaque atmospheres, a significant fraction of the GRB energy is transmitted as UV lines because of excitation by secondary electrons. For eukaryotic-like organisms in thin atmospheres (e.g., contemporary Mars) or for UV line exposure in thick atmospheres (e.g., Earth), biologically significant events occur at a rate of ~100-500 Gyr-1. The direct contribution of these "jolts" to mutational evolution may, however, be negligible because of the short duration of the GRBs. Evolutionary effects due to partial sterilizations and to longer lived disruptions of atmospheric chemistry should be more important.
The Relation between Localization and Intelligibility

The binaural masked threshold for speech depends upon the relation between the interaural phase angles of the speech and those of the noise. When these phase angles are the same, the threshold is high, and both speech and noise appear to be in the same place. When the interaural phase angle of the speech is reversed relative to that of the noise, the threshold is low and the speech and noise appear to be in different places. These relations have been clearly demonstrated with earphones, and they suggest that in free‐field listening the threshold of intelligibility might be affected by the relative locations of the sources of speech and of masking noise. It was found that when the azimuths of the sources of speech and of noise are changed relative to each other, the threshold of intelligibility changes by small but consistent amounts. When the sources are close together, the threshold is high; when the sources are far apart, the threshold is reduced.Although this relation is partially confounded by the eff.
Multiplicity Fluctuations in Hadron-Resonance Gas

The charged hadron multiplicity fluctuations are considered in the canonical ensemble. The microscopic correlator method is extended to include three conserved charges: baryon number, electric charge, and strangeness. The analytical formulas are presented that allow us to include resonance decay contributions to correlations and fluctuations. We make the predictions for the scaled variances of negative, positive, and all charged hadrons in the most central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions for different collision energies from SIS and AGS to SPS and RHIC.
Oxidative Effects of Gemifloxacin on Some Biological Traits of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract In recent times, several studies have been undertaken on the artificial mass-rearing of insects in which clinical antibacterial antibiotics, including gemifloxacin, which is a DNA gyrase and topoisomerases inhibitor, are amended into the diet to control microbial contamination and preserve diet. The findings of these studies have suggested the possibility that these antibiotics influence the biological traits of insects in relation to their oxidative effects. This study investigated the effects of gemifloxacin on Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) survival rates, development times, and male–female adult longevity. And we also determined the effects of gemifloxacin on lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl levels, and glutathione S-transferase activity of fruit fly eggs. First instars were fed on artificial diets containing 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg/liter concentrations of gemifloxacin until adult emergence. Our results indicate that sublethal effects of gemifloxacin are likely to significantly impair adult fitness and life-history parameters in D. melanogaster, probably because of its oxidative effects.
Relieving the fermionic and the dynamical sign problem: Multilevel Blocking Monte Carlo simulations

This article gives an introduction to the multilevel blocking (MLB) approach to both the fermion and the dynamical sign problem in path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. MLB is able to substantially relieve the sign problem in many situations. Besides an exposition of the method, its accuracy and several potential pitfalls are discussed, providing guidelines for the proper choice of certain MLB parameters. Simulation results are shown for strongly interacting electrons in a 2D parabolic quantum dot, the real-time dynamics of several simple model systems, and the dissipative two-state dynamics (spin-boson problem).
Hamiltonian dynamics of extended objects

We consider relativistic extended objects described by a reparametrization-invariant local action that depends on the extrinsic curvature of the worldvolume swept out by the object as it evolves. We provide a Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics of such higher derivative models which is motivated by the ADM formulation of general relativity. The canonical momenta are identified by looking at boundary behaviour under small deformations of the action; the relationship between the momentum conjugate to the embedding functions and the conserved momentum density is established. The canonical Hamiltonian is constructed explicitly; the constraints on the phase space, both primary and secondary, are identified and the role they play in the theory is described. The multipliers implementing the primary constraints are identified in terms of the ADM lapse and shift variables and Hamilton's equations are shown to be consistent with the Euler–Lagrange equations.
Variational bound on energy dissipation in turbulent shear flow

We present numerical solutions to the extended Doering-Constantin variational principle for upper bounds on the energy dissipation rate in plane Couette flow, bridging the entire range from low to asymptotically high Reynolds numbers. Our variational bound exhibits structure, namely a pronounced minimum at intermediate Reynolds numbers, and recovers the Busse bound in the asymptotic regime. The most notable feature is a bifurcation of the minimizing wave numbers, giving rise to simple scaling of the optimized variational parameters, and of the upper bound, with the Reynolds number.
Modeling the evolution of quantum optical states in optoelectronic devices

We have developed a quantum trajectory model for describing the evolution of an optical mode interacting with optoelectronic devices. Our model includes the field-material coupling, the pumping rate of the material, the loss rate of the material, and also the mirror losses of the cavity. We derive a relation between the model parameters and semiconductor material and device properties and apply the model to calculate the photon statistics of semiconductor devices. We show that depending on the material and device parameters the setup can operate as a light emitting diode or as a laser. In addition to the steady state solutions, the model can be applied to calculate the transient phenomena of the density operator of the optical field. It can also be applied to model the single photon detectors coupled to a cavity field.
Absorption spectrum of a weakly n -doped semiconductor quantum well

We calculate, as a function of temperature and conduction band electron density, the optical absorption of a weakly n-doped, idealized semiconductor quantum well. In particular, we focus on the absorption band due to the formation of a charged exciton. We conceptualize the charged exciton as an itinerant excitation intimately linked to the dynamical response of itinerant conduction band electrons to the appearance of the photo-generated valence band hole. Numerical results for the absorption in the vicinity of the exciton line are presented and the spectral weights associated with, respectively, the charged exciton band and the exciton line are analyzed in detail. We find, in qualitative agreement with experimental data, that the spectral weight of the charged exciton grows with increasing conduction band electron density and/or decreasing temperature at the expense of the exciton.
The Discovery of More than 2000 White Dwarfs in the Globular Cluster ω Centauri

We present deep multiband (F435W, F625W, and F658N) photometric data of the globular cluster ω Cen collected with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope. We identified in the (F435W - F625W, F435W)-plane more than 2000 white dwarf (WD) candidates using three out of nine available pointings. Such a large sample appears to be in agreement with predictions based on the ratio between WD and horizontal-branch evolutionary lifetimes. We also detected ≈1600 WDs in the (F658N - F625W, F625W)-plane, supporting the evidence that a large fraction of current cluster WDs are Hα-bright.
Electrical control of loaded biomimetic femtoliter vesicles in microfluidic system

This letter describes how femtoliter lipid vesicles encapsulating a fluorescent marker can be aligned, porated, and fused by electric field in microfluidic system. Vesicles are prepared with a soluble dye and filtrated through a size-exclusion column. After introduction into a microdevice comprising heavily doped silicon electrodes sealed between glass substrates, the vesicles are arranged in “pearl chain” clusters under the application of an external ac voltage. Release of the encapsulated dye upon the application of high electric field pulses reveals the formation of submicrometer pores in the membrane, and the fusion of distinct vesicles can also be achieved.
On whether zero is in the global attractor of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations

The set of nonzero external forces for which the zero function is in the global attractor of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations is shown to be meagre in a Fréchet topology. A criterion in terms of a Taylor expansion in complex time is used to characterize the forces in this set. This leads to several relations between certain Gevrey subclasses of C∞ and a new upper bound for a Gevrey norm of solutions in the attractor, valid in the strip of analyticity in time.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Modulation of Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla by Species Associated with Dental Root Canal Infection

Interaction of oral bacteria with stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) can negatively affect the success of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). Through RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis, we studied the effect of the oral bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as their supernatants enriched by bacterial metabolites, on the osteo- and dentinogenic potential of SCAPs in vitro. We performed bulk RNA-seq, on the basis of which differential expression analysis (DEG) and gene ontology enrichment analysis (GO) were performed. DEG analysis showed that E. faecalis supernatant had the greatest effect on SCAPs, whereas F. nucleatum supernatant had the least effect (Tanimoto coefficient = 0.05). GO term enrichment analysis indicated that F. nucleatum upregulates the immune and inflammatory response of SCAPs, and E. faecalis suppresses cell proliferation and cell division processes. SCAP transcriptome profiles showed that under the influence of E. faecalis the upregulation of VEGFA, Runx2, and TBX3 genes occurred, which may negatively affect the SCAP’s osteo- and odontogenic differentiation. F. nucleatum downregulates the expression of WDR5 and TBX2 and upregulates the expression of TBX3 and NFIL3 in SCAPs, the upregulation of which may be detrimental for SCAPs’ differentiation potential. In conclusion, the present study shows that in vitro, F. nucleatum, E. faecalis, and their metabolites are capable of up- or downregulating the expression of genes that are necessary for dentinogenic and osteogenic processes to varying degrees, which eventually may result in unsuccessful RET outcomes. Transposition to the clinical context merits some reservations, which should be approached with caution.