Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-resolution Spectroscopy of the Relatively Hydrogen-poor Metal-rich Giants in the Globular Cluster ω Centauri

High-resolution optical spectra are analyzed for two of the four metal-rich, mildly hydrogen-poor or helium-enhanced giants discovered by Hema & Pandey, along with their comparison normal (hydrogen-rich) giants. The strengths of the MgH bands in the spectra of the program stars are analyzed for their derived stellar parameters. The observed spectra of the sample (hydrogen-poor) stars (LEID 39048 and LEID 34225) show weaker MgH bands, unlike in the spectra of the normal comparison giants (LEID 61067 and LEID 32169). The magnesium abundance derived from MgH bands is less by 0.3 dex or more for LEID 39048 and LEID 34225 than that derived from Mg i lines. This difference cannot be reconciled by making the changes to the stellar parameters within the uncertainties. This difference in the magnesium abundances derived from Mg i lines and from the MgH band is unacceptable. This difference is attributed to the hydrogen deficiency or helium enhancement in their atmospheres. These metal-rich, hydrogen-poor or helium-rich giants provide an important link to the evolution of the metal-rich subpopulation of ω Cen. These stars provide the first direct spectroscopic evidence for the presence of the He enhancement in the metal-rich giants of ω Cen.
Cardio-respiratory wavelet phase coherence at three ambient temperatures

Here we adopt the definition of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as the heart rate variability (HRV) in synchrony with respiration amplitude. Little is known about the effect ambient temperature has on RSA, and as RSA has potential as a biomarker for various conditions its effect should be examined. Here, employing wavelet analysis, we investigate HRV synchrony with both respiration amplitude and respiration frequency in 27 healthy adults at three ambient temperatures (20°C. 26°C. 32°C). Clinical Relevance- This work establishes that in healthy adults the amount of synchrony between HRV and respiration amplitude and between HRV and respiration frequency remains constant for temperatures between 20°C and 32°C
Simplified implementation of the quantum Fourier transform with Ising-type Hamiltonians: Example with ion traps

We propose a simplified mathematical construction of the quantum Fourier transform which is suited for systems described by Ising-type Hamiltonians. By contrast to the standard Cooley-Tuckey scheme, which prescribes sequences of CPHASE gates, our implementation is based on one-qubit gates and a free evolution process. We also show how to obtain a quadratic speed-up by applying the conditional interactions simultaneously. Thus rather than O($N^2$) our implementation time scales as O($N$). Finally, we show a realization of our method with homogeneous microwave driven ion traps in a magnetic field with gradient.
Inferring heat recirculation and albedo for exoplanetary atmospheres: Comparing optical phase curves and secondary eclipse data

Basic atmospheric properties such as albedo and heat redistribution between day and nightside have been inferred for a number of planets using observations of secondary eclipses and thermal phase curves. Optical phase curves have not yet been used to constrain these atmospheric properties consistently. We re-model previously published phase curves of CoRoT-1b, TrES-2b and HAT-P-7b and infer albedos and recirculation efficiencies. These are then compared to previous estimates based on secondary eclipse data. We use a physically consistent model to construct optical phase curves. This model takes Lambertian reflection, thermal emission, ellipsoidal variations and Doppler boosting into account. CoRoT-1b shows a non-negligible scattering albedo (0.11<AS<0.3 at 95% confidence) as well as small day-night temperature contrasts, indicative of moderate to high re-distribution of energy between dayside and nightside. These values are contrary to previous secondary eclipse and phase curve analyses. In the case of HAT-P-7b, model results suggest relatively high scattering albedo (AS=0.3). This confirms previous phase curve analysis, however, it is in slight contradiction to values inferred from secondary eclipse data. For TrES-2b, both approaches yield very similar estimates of albedo and heat recirculation. Discrepancies between recirculation and albedo values as inferred from secondary eclipse and optical phase curve analyses might be interpreted as a hint that optical and IR observations probe different atmospheric layers, and hence temperatures.
Effects of quantum noises and noisy quantum operations on entanglement and special dense coding

We show how noncommuting noises could cause a Bell state ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ to suffer entanglement sudden death (ESD). ESD may similarly occur when a noisy operation acts, if the corresponding Hamiltonian and Lindblad operator do not commute. We study the implications of these in special dense coding $\mathcal{S}$. When noises that cause ESD act, we show that ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ may lose its capacity for $\mathcal{S}$ before ESD occurs. Similarly, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ may fail to yield information transfer better than classically possible when the encoding operations are noisy, though entanglement is not destroyed in the process.
Longitudinal Aerodynamic Parameter Identification for Blended-Wing-Body Aircraft Based on a Wind Tunnel Virtual Flight Test

The wind tunnel virtual flight test realizes the dynamic semi-free flight of the model in the wind tunnel through the deflections of the control surface and uses the test data to identify the aerodynamic derivatives. The difference in dynamics between the wind tunnel virtual flight and the free flight leads to discrepancies between the identification and theoretical results. To solve the problems, a step-by-step identification and correction method for aerodynamic derivatives is established based on the difference between the equations of motion of wind tunnel virtual flight and free flight to identify and correct the lift, drag derivatives, pitch moment derivatives, and velocity derivatives, respectively. To establish an aerodynamic parameter identification model, the flight dynamics equation is expressed as a decoupled form of the free flight force and the influence of the test support frame force on the model’s motions through linearization. To ensure the identification accuracy of each aerodynamic derivative, an excitation signal design method based on amplitude–frequency characteristic analysis is proposed. The longitudinal aerodynamic parameter identification results of a blended-wing-body aircraft show that identification results with higher accuracy can be obtained by adopting the proposed identification and correction method.
CaMn$_2$Al$_{10}$: itinerant Mn magnetism on the verge of ferromagnetic order

We report the discovery of \CMA, a metal with strong magnetic anisotropy and moderate electronic correlations. Magnetization measurements find a Curie-Weiss moment of $0.83\,\mathrm{\mu_B}$/Mn, significantly reduced from the Hund's rule value, and the magnetic entropy obtained from specific heat measurements is correspondingly small, only $\approx 9$ \% of $R \mathrm{ln}\,2$. These results imply that the Mn magnetism is highly itinerant, a conclusion supported by density functional theory calculations that find strong Mn-Al hybridization. Consistent with the layered nature of the crystal structure, the magnetic susceptibility $\chi$ is anisotropic below 20 K, with a maximum ratio of $\chi_{[010]}/\chi_{[001]}\approx 3.5$. A strong power-law divergence $\chi(T)\sim T^{-1.2}$ below 20 K implies incipient ferromagnetic order, and an Arrott plot analysis of the magnetization suggests a vanishingly low Curie temperature $T_C\sim 0$. Our experiments indicate that \CMA~is a rare example of a Mn-based weak itinerant magnet that is poised on the verge of ferromagnetic order.
Memtransistor-Based Ternary Content-Addressable Memories: Design and Evaluation

The memtransistor (MT) based on 2-D materials is considered a promising candidate to extend Moore’s law, thanks to its scalability. As a hybrid integration of a memristor and a transistor, MT combines the electrical properties of memristor-based one-transistor one-resistor (1T-1R) structures (i.e., nonvolatile resistive switching and gate selection) into a single compact device. In this work, we evaluate MT technology from an application perspective and explore its use in ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) systems. Based on characterization data from a ${10} \times {10}$ MoS2-based MT crossbar array, we propose two designs of MT-based TCAM (i.e., bitcells and TCAM array implementations and layouts). We also explore the design space of TCAM parameters and compare the performance and reliability of the proposed TCAM designs. In particular, we demonstrate that the use of MT technology facilitates the implementation of long TCAM words (>2 kbits) at low MT resistance ratios and search voltages, which is desirable for long TCAM endurance.
Guided Anisotropic Diffusion and Iterative Learning for Weakly Supervised Change Detection

Large scale datasets created from user labels or openly available data have become crucial to provide training data for large scale learning algorithms. While these datasets are easier to acquire, the data are frequently noisy and unreliable, which is motivating research on weakly supervised learning techniques. In this paper we propose an iterative learning method that extracts the useful information from a large scale change detection dataset generated from open vector data to train a fully convolutional network which surpasses the performance obtained by naive supervised learning. We also propose the guided anisotropic diffusion algorithm, which improves semantic segmentation results using the input images as guides to perform edge preserving filtering, and is used in conjunction with the iterative training method to improve results.
Pattern, Growth and Aging in a Colony of Clustering Active Swimmers

Via molecular dynamics simulations, we study the kinetics in a phase separating active matter model. Quantitative results for the isotropic bicontinuous pattern formation, its growth and aging, studied, respectively, via the two-point equal-time density-density correlation function, the average domain length and the two-time density autocorrelation function, are presented. Both the correlation functions exhibit basic scaling properties, implying self-similarity in the pattern dynamics, for which the average domain size exhibits a power-law growth in time. The equal-time correlation has a short distance behavior that provides reasonable agreement of the corresponding structure factor tail with the Porod law. The autocorrelation decay is a power-law in the average domain size. Apart from these basic similarities, the quantitative behavior of the above mentioned observables are found to be vastly different from those of the corresponding passive limit of the model which also undergoes phase separation. The functional forms of these have been quantified. An exceptionally rapid growth in the active system occurs due to fast coherent motion of the particles, mean-squared-displacements of which exhibit multiple scaling regimes, including a long time ballistic one.
Propulsion and Mixing Generated by the Digitized Gait of 
Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematodes have evolved to swim in highly viscous environments. Artificial mechanisms that mimic the locomotory functions of nematodes can be efficient viscous pumps. We experimentally simulate the motion of the head segment of Caenorhabditis elegans by introducing a reciprocating and rocking blade. We show that the bio-inspired blade's motion not only induces a flow structure similar to that of the worm, but also mixes the surrounding fluid by generating a circulatory flow. When confined between two parallel walls, the blade causes a steady Poiseuille flow through closed circuits. The pumping efficiency is comparable with the swimming efficiency of the worm. If implanted in a sealed chamber and actuated remotely, the blade can provide pumping and mixing functions for microprocessors cooled by polymeric flows and microfluidic devices.
SWOT Analysis Was Used to Analyze the Influence of Brand Equity on the Willingness to Use Douyin

From the outbreak on December 19, 2019, to the current normalization of the epidemic, people stay at home for entertainment. The popularity of short videos has increased dramatically, and the use of Douyin has skyrocketed. This paper analysed the development strategy of Douyin, and further explored the power of brand equity on Douyin use intention by applying the theoretical knowledge and qualitative analysis of the influence of brand equity on purchase intention and the SWOT analysis method. SWOT analysis was used to analyse the impact of brand equity on the willingness to use Douyin, and the conclusion was drawn that in terms of SO, the intuitive and eye-catching the brand image of Douyin and the positive development of brand virtual character image improved the willingness to use. In WT, Douyin’s negative brand association and high-end brand positioning reduced the desire to use. Therefore, Douyin needed to improve in purifying the network environment and enhancing user participation in third - and fourth-tier cities.
A Multi-epoch Kinematic Study of the Remote Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Leo II

We conducted a large spectroscopic survey of 336 red giants in the direction of the Leo II dwarf galaxy using Hectochelle on the Multiple Mirror Telescope, and we conclude that 175 of them are members based on their radial velocities and surface gravities. Of this set, 40 stars have never before been observed spectroscopically. The systemic velocity of the dwarf is 78.3 ± 0.6 km s−1 with a velocity dispersion of 7.4 ± 0.4 km s−1. We identify one star beyond the tidal radius of Leo II but find no signatures of uniform rotation, kinematic asymmetries, or streams. The stars show a strong metallicity gradient of −1.53 ± 0.10 dex kpc−1 and have a mean metallicity of −1.70 ± 0.02 dex. There is also evidence of two different chemodynamic populations, but the signal is weak. A larger sample of stars would be necessary to verify this feature.
Recent Research Progress on Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Outdoor and Indoor Environments

Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are derivatives of PAHs and contain one or more nitro functional groups (-NO2). Some NPAHs are classified as possible or probable human carcinogens and are more mutagenic than PAHs. Although the atmospheric cancer risk is estimated as 11% from PAHs but 17% from NPAHs, many of the atmospheric behaviors of NPAHs are unknown. There are two major NPAH formation processes. Primary formation of NPAHs occurs directly during the combustion of organic materials. The secondary formation of NPAHs occurs through the transformation of PAHs after they have been released into the environment. The fate, transport, and health effects of NPAHs are considerably different from their parent PAHs because of these differing formation processes. However, the amount of research conducted on NPAHs is comparatively low relative to PAHs. This is primarily due to a lack of effective analytical method for NPAHs, which generally exist in the environment at concentrations one to three orders of magnitude lower than PAHs. However, with the development of more sensitive analytical methods, the number of research papers published on NPAHs has recently increased. The Western Pacific region, one of the post polluted areas in the world, is the most frequently studied area for NPAHs. Many of them reported that atmospheric concentrations of NPAHs were much lower than parent PAHs and oxygenated derivatives (OPAHs). In this article, recent research on sample treatment and analysis, as well as the sources and environmental fate of NPAHs, are discussed with PAHs and OPAHs. A notable achievement using NPAHs is the development of a new emission source analysis method, the NP method, whose features are also discussed in this review.
X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies – III. Calibration of the LX-SFR relation up to redshift z ≈ 1.3

We investigate the relation between total X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies and their star formation activity. Using nearby late-type galaxies and ULIRGs from Paper I and star-forming galaxies from Chandra Deep Fields, we construct a sample of 66 galaxies spanning the redshift range z � 0 1.3 and the star-formation rate (SFR) range � 0.1 10 3 M⊙ yr −1 . In agreement with previous results, we find that the LX SFR relation is consistent with a linear law both at z = 0 and for the z = 0.1 1.3 CDF galaxies, within the statistical accuracy of � 0.1 in the slope of the LX SFR relation. For the total sample, we find a linear scaling relation LX/SFR � (4.0 ± 0.4)× 10 39 (ergs −1 )/(M⊙ yr −1 ), with a scatter of � 0.4 dex. About � 2/3 of the 0.5–8 keV luminosity generated per unit SFR is expected to be due to HMXBs. We find no statistically significant trends in the mean LX/SFR ratio with the redshift or star formation rate and constrain the amplitude of its variations by . 0.1 0.2 dex. These properties make X-ray observations a powerful tool to measure the star formation rate in normal star-forming galaxies that dominate the source counts at faint fluxes.
Split spin-squeezed Bose–Einstein condensates

We investigate and model a method for producing entanglement between two spatially separated Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). In our approach, a spin-polarized BEC is squeezed using a (Sz)2 interaction, then are split into two separate clouds. After the split, we consider that the particle number in each cloud collapses to a fixed number. We show that this procedure is equivalent to applying an interaction corresponding to squeezing each cloud individually plus an entangling operation. We analyze the system’s inter-well entanglement properties and show that it can be detected using correlation-based entanglement criteria. The nature of the states is illustrated by Wigner functions and have the form of a correlated squeezed state. The conditional Wigner function shows high degrees of non-classicality for dimensionless squeezing times beyond 1 / N , where N is the number of particles per BEC.
Consistency of modified gravity with a decreasing 
Geff(z)
 in a 
ΛCDM
 background

Recent analyses [S. Nesseris et al., Phys. Rev. D 96, 023543 (2017)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.96. 023543; L. Kazantzidis and L. Pervolaropoulos, Phys. Rev. D 97, 103503 (2018)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.97. 103503] have indicated that an effective Newton’s constant Geff(z) decreasing with redshift may relieve the observed tension between the Planck15 best fit ΛCDM cosmological background (i.e., Planck15/ΛCDM) and the corresponding ΛCDM background favored by growth fσ8 and weak lensing data. We investigate the consistency of such a decreasing Geff(z) with some viable scalar-tensor models and f(R) theories. We stress that f(R) theories generically cannot lead to a decreasing Geff(z) for any cosmological background. For scalar-tensor models we deduce that in the context of a ΛCDM cosmological background, a decreasing Geff(z) is not consistent with a large Brans-Dicke parameter ωBD,0 today. This inconsistency remains and amplifies in the presence of a phantom dark energy equation of state parameter (w -1. We also find that any modified gravity model with the required decreasing Geff(z) and Geff,0=G would have a characteristic signature in its growth index γ with 0.61≲γ0≲0.69 and large slopes γ0′, 0.16≲γ0′≲0.4, which is a characteristic signature of a decreasing (with z) Geff(z)
A statistical analysis of X- class solar flares and their association with the super active regions during solar cycles 23- 24

The A statistical distribution function of X-class flares and their association with super-active regions (SARs) during two recent solar cycles 23-24 have been analyzed. The obtained results show that, during solar cycle 23, 57.60 % of the total number of Xclass flares coincides with a set of X1.0 - X1.9 flares, 15.20 % to X2.0 - X2.9, 12.80 % to X3.0 - X4.9, 9.60 % to X5.0 - X9.9, and 4.80 % to ≥ X10 flares. During solar cycle 24, 61.20 % of the total number of X-class flares coincides with a set of X1.0 - X1.9 flares, 22.40 % to X2.0 - X2.9, 8.16 % to both the X3.0 - X4.9 flares, and X5.0 - X9.9 flares. None of the ≥ X10 flares. All X-class flares are found to be in a scattered manner in solar cycles 23 and 24. Among the cycles, solar cycle 24 has been observed relatively very weak cycle and the total number of X-class flares diminished in comparison to previous solar cycles. During solar cycle 23, 29.16% of the X1.0 - X1.9 flares, 36.84 % of the X2.0 - X2.9 flares, 43.75 % of the X3.0 - X4.9 flares, 83.33 % of both the X5.0 - X9.9 flares, and 100.00 % of the ≥ X10 flares were produced by SARs. While during solar cycle 24, 20.00 % of the X1.0 - X1.9 flares, 36.36 % of the X2.0 - X2.9 flares, 25.00 % of the X3.0 - X4.9 flares, 75.00 % of the X5.0 - X9.9 flares, and 0.00 % of the ≥ X10 flares were produced by SARs.
Correlation between the luminosity and spin-period changes during outbursts of 12 Be binary pulsars observed by the MAXI/GSC and the Fermi/GBM

To observationally study spin-period changes of accreting pulsars caused by the accretion torque, the present work analyzes X-ray light curves of 12 Be binary pulsars obtained by the MAXI/GSC all-sky survey and their pulse periods measured by the Fermi/GBM pulsar project, both covering more than 6 years from 2009 August to 2016 March. The 12 objects were selected because they are accompanied by clear optical identification, and accurate measurements of surface magnetic fields. The luminosity $L$ and the spin-frequency derivatives $\dot{\nu}$, measured during large outbursts with $L\gtrsim 1\times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$, were found to approximately follow the theoretical relations in the accretion torque models, represented by $\dot{\nu} \propto L^{\alpha}$ ($\alpha\simeq 1$), and the coefficient of proportionality between $\dot{\nu}$ and $L^{\alpha}$, agrees, within a factor of $\sim 3$, with that proposed by Ghosh & Lamb (1979). In the course of the present study, the orbital elements of several sources were refined.