Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobility Aspects of Physical Layer in Future Generation Wireless Networks

The demand from social market for high speed broadband communications over wireless media is pushing the requirements of both the mobile and fixed networks. The past decade has witnessed tremendous advancement in the blooming development of mobile communications including mobile-to-mobile and mobile-to-fixed networks. Wireless fixed and cellular networks of future generation will need to support new protocols, standards and architecture leading to all IP-based networks. Different systems like digital video broadcasting (DVB) via satellites have great success commercially as they provide ubiquitous coverage and serve large number of users with high signal quality. Satellite communications have proven to be attractive means to provide communication services such as broadband communications (3G services), surveillance, remote monitoring, intelligent transportation systems, navigation, traffic warnings and location-based information etc. to fixed and mobile users. However, to meet the growing demands of mass market integration of satellites and terrestrial networks seems to be inevitable for future generation wireless networks. Due to technology advances and growing traffic demands, communication systems must evolve to completely new systems or within themselves in order to provide broadband services in a safe and efficient way. While enhancements continue to be made to leverage the maximum performance from currently deployed systems, there is a bound to the level to which further improvements will be effective. If the only purpose were to deliver superior performance, then this in itself would be relatively easy to accomplish. The added complexity is that such superior performance must be delivered through systems which are cheaper from installation and maintenance prospect. Users have experienced an incredible reduction in telecommunications charges and they now anticipate receiving higher quality communication services at low cost. Therefore, in deciding the subsequent standardization step, there must be a dual approach: in search of substantial performance enhancement but at reduced cost. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is that next step and will be the basis on which future mobile telecommunications systems will be built. LTE is the first cellular communication system optimized from the outset to support packet-switched data services, within which packetized voice communications are just one part. In case of highly mobile scenarios, the effects of signal blockages and Doppler shifts introduce more burdens on the receiver demodulator. The signals blockage is prominent in the case of land mobile communications as compared to satellite communications. In deciding the technologies to comprise in LTE, one of the key concerns is the trade-off
News and Trends in Fintech and Digital Microfinance: Why Are European MFIs Invisible?

Abstract European microfinance suffers from a visibility deficit. It is rarely mentioned in the media. Our research question is ‘Why does European microfinance suffer from a lack of visibility in the press? ’ This study looked at news reports and press releases over a 18-month period (2016–2018) to check if European microfinance and its innovations were in the news. The study finds that, indeed, there are a lot of new innovations in finance. But, first, in Europe, the highly talked about fintech innovations are taking place outside of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Second, the innovations that are talked about in microfinance are taking place in developing countries out of Europe. The study followed this up by examining websites of some of the leading European fintech firms to see what they were doing that made them so visible. We share some best practices in the use of digital technologies by highly innovative fintech firms in areas that could be of use to MFIs in diverse sectors such as mobile payments, credit scoring, card readers, ATMs and management information systems. To become visible, European microfinance may need to demonstrate that it is doing new things and that it is using innovative technologies that helps it reduce costs, increase outreach and, thus, have an impact. Forii such as the European Microfinance Network and the European Microfinance Platform need to promote these innovations by offering appropriate awards. Finally, collaborating with training and educational institutes may help add to visibility.
A brief, critical review of research on impaired control over alcohol use and suggestions for future studies.

Impaired control, defined as "a breakdown of an intention to limit consumption" (Heather et al. J Stud Alcohol 1993; 54, 701), has historically been considered an important aspect of addiction. Despite recognition of its importance to addiction and potential value as an early indicator of problem drinking risk, we argue that impaired control over alcohol use has not received sufficient research attention. In an effort to spark further research, the present critical review offers brief discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding impaired control and avenues for future research. Three main research areas are addressed: (i) epidemiology; (ii) measurement issues; and (iii) potential mechanisms underlying relationships between impaired control and subsequent problem drinking. Measurement issues include complexities involved in self-report assessment of impaired control, development and validation of human and animal laboratory models, and impaired control's relationship to other constructs (i.e., impulsivity and other difficulties with self-control; symptoms of dependence such as craving). We discuss briefly 2 potential mechanisms that may help to explain why some drinkers experience impaired control while others do not: neurobiological dysfunction and family history/genetics. Suggestions for future research are focused on ways in which the impaired control construct may enhance prediction of who might be at particular risk of subsequent problem drinking and to facilitate intervention to reduce problem alcohol use.
Mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes and cancer: Mechanistic insights gained from human genomics

New human genetic findings paired with biochemical studies are challenging current thinking on the function of chromatin remodeling complexes. Over the past 4 years, nearly 100 exome sequencing studies have revealed the high frequency of mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in human cancer. Most of these mutations are within the genes encoding subunits of the BAF (Brg/Brahma-associated factors) or mSWI/SNF complex, which is one of two dozen predicted ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in mammals. Considering BAF complexes as a single entity, the 15 subunits encoded by 29 genes are mutated in >20% of human cancer, across a broad range of tumor types. These observations demonstrate that there is little redundancy in the oncogenic function of BAF complexes with the other remodeling complexes, underscoring their unique roles. Several important conclusions emerge from these genomic data: specific subunits appear to be mutated in specific cancers, highlighting tissue-specific protective roles; mutations can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes; mutations can be homozygous or, more commonly, heterozygous, implying their dosage-sensitive roles in an unknown yet fundamental process used to suppress the genesis of cancer. These new human genetic findings paired with biochemical studies are challenging old ideas on how chromatin remodeling complexes function, generating new hypotheses with respect to their normal and oncogenic mechanisms and highlighting potential avenues for therapeutic intervention in human cancer.
Dhrs3 Protein Attenuates Retinoic Acid Signaling and Is Required for Early Embryonic Patterning*

Background: Function of Dhrs3 and importance of the upstream metabolism of retinoic acid are not well understood in early embryonic development. Results: Dhrs3 attenuates retinoic acid synthesis and is required for embryonic patterning. Conclusion: dhrs3 is involved in maintaining balance of retinoic acid signaling and therefore regulates body axis formation. Significance: This is the first functional study of Xenopus dhrs3 in embryonic development. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is an important morphogen involved in many developmental processes, including neural differentiation, body axis formation, and organogenesis. During early embryonic development, atRA is synthesized from all-trans-retinal (atRAL) in an irreversible reaction mainly catalyzed by retinal dehydrogenase 2 (aldh1a2), whereas atRAL is converted from all-trans-retinol via reversible oxidation by retinol dehydrogenases, members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. atRA is degraded by cytochrome P450, family 26 (cyp26). We have previously identified a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 (dhrs3), which showed differential expression patterns in Xenopus embryos. We show here that the expression of dhrs3 was induced by atRA treatment and overexpression of Xenopus nodal related 1 (xnr1) in animal cap assay. Overexpression of dhrs3 enhanced the phenotype of excessive cyp26a1. In embryos overexpressing aldh1a2 or retinol dehydrogenase 10 (rdh10) in the presence of their respective substrates, Dhrs3 counteracted the action of Aldh1a2 or Rdh10, indicating that retinoic acid signaling is attenuated. Knockdown of Dhrs3 by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in a phenotype of shortened anteroposterior axis, reduced head structure, and perturbed somitogenesis, which were also found in embryos treated with an excess of atRA. Examination of the expression of brachyury, not, goosecoid, and papc indicated that convergent extension movement was defective in Dhrs3 morphants. Taken together, these studies suggest that dhrs3 participates in atRA metabolism by reducing atRAL levels and is required for proper anteroposterior axis formation, neuroectoderm patterning, and somitogenesis.
THERMAL FATIGUE DAMAGE OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT

Fatigue damage can be defined by a decrease in stiffness of Asphalt Concrete (AC) under repeated traffic loading. For each cycle of traffic loading, tensile strain develops at the bottom of AC layer of an asphalt pavement. Some localized damages occur in the material at minute-scale due to this developed tensile strain. These damages cause decrease in stiffness (E) of AC. Damage caused by a single vehicle is small. However the accumulated damage is not small if a large number of vehicles are considered over the design life of an asphalt pavement. After certain level of damage accumulation, bottom-up fatigue cracking initiates and forms alligator cracking at the surface. Like traffic loading, repeated day-night temperature cycle causes damages in AC. Damage due to a single day-night temperature fluctuation may be small. However the accumulated damage due to a large number of day-night temperature cycles may not be small. In this study, fatigue damage due to traffic loading is termed as traffic-induced fatigue damage, and fatigue damage due to temperature is termed as temperature-induced fatigue damage. The recently developed AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanisticvii Empirical (ME) Design Guide predicts the fatigue performance of AC based on repeated traffic-induced tensile strain at the bottom of AC layer. Cyclic thermal strain due to daynight temperature fluctuation is not considered due to the fact that there is no closed-form solution or model available for calculating thermal fatigue damage. This study, for the first time, develops a closed-form equation for calculating the temperature-induced fatigue damage of AC. To develop the model, beam fatigue testing was conducted using different AC mixtures in the laboratory. The mechanical beam fatigue test data was correlated with the actual cyclic temperature loading test data. The model was then validated using an unknown test data. To that end, the developed model was calibrated for field conditions using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test data. The developed model is used to evaluate fatigue damages of 34 Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) test sections. Fatigue damage predicted by the traditional AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design approach, which considers only traffic-induced fatigue damage, is compared to the fatigue damage by the developed model which considers both trafficand temperatureinduced fatigue. Results show that the error may decrease by up to 29% through the incorporation of temperature-induced fatigue damage in the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design approach. This means the reliability of alligator cracking prediction can be improved through the use of the developed thermal fatigue model. It is therefore suggested to include the temperature-induced fatigue damage model, which is developed in this study, in the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design Software.
A Note on Modeling Self-Suspending Time as Blocking Time in Real-Time Systems

This report presents a proof to support the correctness of the schedulability test for self-suspending real-time task systems proposed by Jane W. S. Liu in her book titled "Real-Time Systems" (Pages 164-165). The same concept was also implicitly used by Rajkumar, Sha, and Lehoczky in RTSS 1988 (Page 267) for analyzing self-suspending behaviour due to synchronization protocols in multiprocessor systems.
The Lack of a Budgetary Theory

On the most significant aspect of public budgeting, i.e., the allocation of expenditures among different purposes so as to achieve the greatest return, American budgetary literature is singularly arid. Toilers in the budgetary field have busied themselves primarily with the organization and procedure for budget preparation, the forms for the submission of requests for funds, the form of the budget document itself, and like questions. That these things have deserved the consideration given them cannot be denied when the unbelievable resistance to the adoption of the most rudimentary essentials of budgeting is recalled and their unsatisfactory condition in many jurisdictions even now is observed. Nevertheless, the absorption of energies in the establishment of the mechanical foundations for budgeting has diverted attention from the basic budgeting problem (on the expenditure side), namely: On what basis shall it be decided to allocate x dollars to activity A instead of activity B? Writers on budgeting say little or nothing about the purely economic aspects of public expenditure. “Economics,” says Professor Robbins, “is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. ” Whether budgetary behavior is economic or political is open to fruitless debate; nevertheless, the point of view and the mode of thought of the economic theorist are relevant, both in the study of and action concerning public expenditure.
The Galactic center lobe filled with thermal plasma

An observational result of a radio continuum and H92α radio recombination line of the Galactic center lobe (GCL), using the Yamaguchi 32 m radio telescope, is reported. The obtained spatial intensity distribution of the radio recombination line shows two distinctive ridge-like structures extending from the Galactic plane vertically to the north at the eastern and western sides of the Galactic center, which are connected to each other at a latitude of ${1{^{\circ}_{. }}2}$ to form a loop-like structure as a whole. This suggests that most of the radio continuum emission of the GCL is free–free emission, and that the GCL is filled with thermal plasma. The east ridge of the GCL observed with the radio recombination line separates 30 pc from the radio arc, which has been considered a part of the GCL, but coincides with a ridge of the radio continuum at a Galactic longitude of 0°. The radial velocity of the radio recombination line is found to be between −4 and +10 km s−1 across the GCL. This velocity is much smaller than expected from the Galactic rotation, and hence indicates that the GCL exists apart from the Galactic center. These characteristics of the GCL suggest that the long-standing hypothesis that the GCL was created by explosive activity in the Galactic center is unlikely, but favor that the GCL is a giant H ii region.
Comparison of Multiplication Algorithms Based on FPGA

The multiplication algorithm has been widely implemented in many computations and tasks. In the multiplication algorithm, the multiplication of two numbers has a characteristic of commutative. It should be understood that the commutative characteristic is just causing a result orientation while both of them have a different concept. Basically, the concept of the multiplication is repeated addition. The multipliers in the digital devices are very complex circuits and high cost. The large value multiplication will consume many additions while the components used in the digital machines are very limited when it is implemented to handle such case that could consume many components. Many algorithms of binary multiplication have been proposed to solve in many implementations in the digital devices. This paper has presented the comparison of the multiplication algorithm of the binary number in the implementation of the FPGAs. The complexity and reduced time have become issues in the implementation of the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
Comparative study between Mathieu repair and Snodgrass repair in distal hypospadias

Background: Hypospadias is a congenital condition characterized by tissue hypoplasia of the ventral aspect of the penis, with incidence of one in 300 males [0.3%]. There is an increase incidence in those with first-degree relatives having hypospadias to about 13 times more than those without family history. Aim of the work: To compare between the meatal-based flap "Mathieu" technique and tubularized incised plate [TIP] "Snodgrass urethroplasty in treatment of distal hypospadias. Patients and Methods:This study was carried out at the Department of Surgery, Al-Azhar university hospital [Damietta], Egypt. , The study consists of forty male children, suffering from distal penile hypospadias. Patients were blindly assigned into two groups;20 patients underwent Mathieu technique and another 20 patients underwent "Snodgrass urethroplasty”. Results: Both groups were comparable regarding patient age, consanguinity, maternal drug intake, urethral plate characteristics and duration of hospital study. However, Snodgrass urethroplasty is associated with significant increase of operative time [80.0±16.1 vs 60.0±9.6 minutes], significant lower complication rate [10% vs 30.0%], significantly good cosmetic appearance of the penis [100% excellent versus 40% excellent, 40% good, and 20% torsion of the shaft] and 100% slit like and vertically oriented meatus. Conclusion: Snodgrass and modified Mathieu repair are safe, and the choice of one of the techniques will depend on the surgeon's decision. Its procedure had its own advantages and disadvantages and final decision should be attributed to surgeon preferences.
Emerging Evidences for an Implication of the Neurodegeneration-Associated Protein TAU in Cancer

Neurodegenerative disorders and cancer may appear unrelated illnesses. Yet, epidemiologic studies indicate an inverse correlation between their respective incidences for specific cancers. Possibly explaining these findings, increasing evidence indicates that common molecular pathways are involved, often in opposite manner, in the pathogenesis of both disease families. Genetic mutations in the MAPT gene encoding for TAU protein cause an inherited form of frontotemporal dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder, but also increase the risk of developing cancer. Assigning TAU at the interface between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, two major aging-linked disease families, offers a possible clue for the epidemiological observation inversely correlating these human illnesses. In addition, the expression level of TAU is recognized as a prognostic marker for cancer, as well as a modifier of cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Because of its microtubule-binding properties, TAU may interfere with the mechanism of action of taxanes, a class of chemotherapeutic drugs designed to stabilize the microtubule network and impair cell division. Indeed, a low TAU expression is associated to a better response to taxanes. Although TAU main binding partners are microtubules, TAU is able to relocate to subcellular sites devoid of microtubules and is also able to bind to cancer-linked proteins, suggesting a role of TAU in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways associated to oncogenesis. This concept is strengthened by experimental evidence linking TAU to P53 signaling, DNA stability and protection, processes that protect against cancer. This review aims at collecting literature data supporting the association between TAU and cancer. We will first summarize the evidence linking neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, then published data supporting a role of TAU as a modifier of the efficacy of chemotherapies and of the oncogenic process. We will finish by addressing from a mechanistic point of view the role of TAU in de-regulating critical cancer pathways, including the interaction of TAU with cancer-associated proteins.
The conversion of cognitive interjections in classical English literature into Indonesian

Translating interjections is notoriously challenging. Aside from their ambiguous and context-dependent meanings, they also express emotions through broadly suggestive sensations, attitudes, and states of mind. This study attempts to uncover emotional meanings embedded in cognitive interjections, the conversion strategies of cognitive interjections, and how the conversion strategies affect correspondence and equivalence. The data were interjective expressions in the classic English literature entitled "Charlotte's Web" and its Indonesian translation "Laba-Laba and Jaring Kesayangannya", which were scrutinized using content-based mixed methods. The emotional meanings were explored using Jovanović’s (2004) theory. The conversion was identified by cultivating Cuenca (2006)'s and Baker (1992)’s proposals. Meanwhile, the implication of the conversions was observed by considering formal correspondence and meaning equivalence. The results suggest that: first, different types of emotional meaning are found in both ST and TT, i.e. anger, disagreement, enquiry, ensurement, hesitation, irritation, pleasure, realization, relief, soothe, and triumph. Second, four conversion strategies are deployed by the translator from English to Indonesian version, i.e. (1) conversion using a similar form and meaning; (2) conversion using a similar form, meaning, and literal translation (triplets) and (3) the conversion through deletion, with the first one as the most often used. Third, while the first two conversions were applicable for producing equivalent expressions, whereas the translator, on the whole, maintains a formal correspondence that equalizes the meaning, the last results in some degree of emotional meaning deviations. This study has demonstrated how inappropriate strategies of rendering interjections may cause distortion of the author’s original idea and ruin or reduce the emotional expressiveness in the text. Keywords: conversion, cognitive interjections, literary translation, translation equivalence