Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Distraction Cards on Reducing Pain and Anxiety During Intramuscular Injection in Children.

AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of distraction cards in reducing pain and anxiety during intramuscular (IM) injection in children aged between 6 and 11 years. METHODS Sixty children were randomized into two groups, the distraction group and controls. The children in the distraction group viewed distraction cards during the procedure. The children in the control group were allowed to have their family nearby when the routine injection procedure was performed, but no distraction techniques were employed. Children's Fear Scale was used to assess children's anxiety levels. Pain levels were assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale via self-reports, which were completed by the children and also by the parents and observer. RESULTS There were significant differences in the self-, parent-, and observer-reported pain and parent- and observer-reported anxiety levels between the distraction and control groups. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Distraction methods, such as distraction cards, should be used as a nursing intervention to reduce pain and anxiety during IM injection in children. This study contributes to the literature on nonpharmacologic pain relief methods during IM injection in children.
Spin-Dependent Splitting Rotation of a Gaussian Beam Reflected From an Air–Glass Interface

We investigate the spin-dependent splitting systematically by considering spin Hall effect of light and in-plane spin separation of light simultaneously, when a Gaussian beam is reflected from an air-glass interface. It is revealed that there exhibits a spin-dependent splitting rotation with the increase of the polarization angle, and the rotation direction and speed can be controlled by the incident angle. Remarkably, with the polarization angle increasing from 0<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 90<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the splitting rotates 180<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> clockwise in total when the incident angle is less than Brewster angle, whereas it rotates an angle under 90<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> counterclockwise first and then clockwise return to the original position when the incident angle is larger than Brewster angle. Their initial rotation speeds of splitting to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x_r$</tex-math></inline-formula> direction both become larger as the incident angle approaches to Brewster angle, therefore when the incident angle is equal to Brewster angle, the splitting only forms a 90<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> clockwise rotation. These general laws of spin-dependent splitting rotation are demonstrated by instances, and the rotation behaviors are considered as a result of various proportions of transverse spin separation and in-plane spin separation. This research provides a feasible way to manipulate the photon spin in optical nanodevice.
GTC Forest: An Ensemble Method for Network Structured Data Classification

In recent years, deep neural networks have achieved great success in various applications, particularly in visual tasks such as image classification. However, deep neural networks cannot reach their full potential when dealing with classification problems in networks. Because the network-related dataset is usually in a structured format rather than an image format, and in some cases the data scale is small to train a deep model. Therefore, we aim at another choice, which can abandon the structure of deep neural networks, but remain the powerful representation learning ability. In this paper, we propose GTC Forest, a tree-based ensemble method for network structured data classification. GTC Forest consists of two parts: the first part Multi-Grained Traversing to do representation learning in network structured data; and the second part Cascade Forest to train on small-scale dataset, as well as reducing model complexity. Experiments are conducted on user broadband dataset, which is built to guarantee users a better Internet experience. And the results prove that our model is effective, and has higher accuracy than other machine learning methods in network structured data classification.
Secondary shock formation in xenon-nitrogen mixtures

The expansion of shock waves has been studied in mediums with different opacities and heat capacities, varied in systematic ways by mixing xenon with nitrogen keeping the mass density constant. An initial shock is generated through the brief (5ns) deposition of laser energy (5J) on the tip of a pin surrounded by the xenon-nitrogen mixture. The initial shock is spherical, radiative, with a high Mach number, and it sends a supersonic radiatively driven heat wave far ahead of itself. The heat wave rapidly slows to a transonic regime and when its Mach number drops to ∼2 with respect to the downstream plasma, the heat wave becomes of the ablative type, driving a second shock ahead of itself to satisfy mass and momentum conservation in the heat wave reference frame. The details of this sequence of events depend, among other things, on the opacity and heat capacity of the surrounding medium. Second shock formation is observed over the entire range from 100% Xe mass fraction to 100% N2. The formation radius of th.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in two-level saturable absorbers

A calculation of degenerate four-wave mixing in a homogeneously broadened two-level saturable absorber is presented. An analytical formula for the local electric dipole polarization responsible for degenerate four-wave mixing is derived for arbitrary electric-field strengths. The overall efficiency of the medium is calculated by numerically solving the coupled wave equations with the use of the phase-matching electric dipole polarization. Solutions are presented when the laser is tuned on and off resonance for various input laser intensities and linear absorption coefficients. Optimal conditions for maximum efficiency are discussed.
Three-dimensional pulsation of rat carotid artery bifurcation observed using a high-resolution ultrasound imaging system

The arterial structure experiences cyclic pulsation in three-dimension (3-D) by pulsatile blood flow. Here we reconstruct the 3-D carotid artery bifurcation (CAB) geometry from three rats to observe the pulsatile variation of the carotid artery geometry by a high-resolution ultrasound imaging system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics, Canada). Two experienced observers manually segmented the cross-sectional ultrasound images to outline the arterial lumen. From the constructed geometry of three subjects, we observed that the CAB geometry favorably expanded to anterior/ posterior direction which parallel to sagittal plane. Furthermore, an in vitro blood flow experiment using an anthropomorphic flow phantom was implemented to more clearly understand the asymmetric pulsation phenomenon. Finally we confirmed the elastic bifurcation geometry favorably expands in a direction of bifurcation, both in vivo and in vitro measurements, which derived by bifurcated flow. This finding, the asymmetrical pulsation phenomenon of carot.
Dynamic strain measurement system with fiber Bragg gratings and noise mitigation techniques

A low-cost fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibrometer specifically suited for structural monitoring and aimed at the detection of low-amplitude vibrations is presented. The optical system exploits an intensity modulation principle of operation, while signal processing techniques are used to complement the transducer to improve the performances: a recursive least-squares adaptive filter improves the noise power mitigation by 14 dB, and an efficient spectral estimator permits operating spectral analysis even under high noise conditions. With these methods, a strain sensitivity of 5.6 nε has been achieved in the ±60 µε range. Experimental assessment tests carried out in typical structural monitoring contexts have demonstrated that the developed sensor is well suited to measure mechanical perturbations of different structures.
Eddy Amplitudes and Fluxes in a Homogeneous Model of Fully Developed Baroclinic Instability

Abstract A horizontally homogeneous two-layer quasigeostrophic model with imposed environmental vertical shear is used to study eddy energies and fluxes in the regime in which an inverse barotropic energy cascade excites eddies of much larger scale than the deformation radius. It is shown that the eddy potential vorticity flux, “thickness” flux, and the extraction of energy from the background flow are dominated by the largest eddies excited by the cascade, and not by deformation-scale eddies. The role of the latter is a catalytic one of transferring the baroclinic energy cascading downscale into the barotropic mode, thereby energizing the inverse cascade. Based on this picture, scaling arguments are developed for the eddy energy level and potential vorticity flux in statistical equilibrium. The potential vorticity flux can be thought of as generated by a diffusivity of magnitude Ukd/k20, where U is the difference between the mean currents in the two layers, kd is the inverse of the deformation radius, an.
Experimental Development of Antioxidant Alginate Films

Bioactive films encapsulating antioxidant compounds are increasingly used in skin patches, mucoadhesive drug release systems, nutraceutical coatings and engineered tissue substitutes. However, the loading dosage incorporated into the film remains a highly empirical issue concerning the design of these devices, since there are no methods to determine optimal or effective antioxidant loads. In this work, alginate and epicatechin were selected as prototypical components in the development of bioactive-loaded materials for biomedical and food applications. After testing, a methodology is proposed to predict effective antioxidant dosages. Studies with the biopolymer showed that formation of calcium alginate pre-gel can be followed by simple turbidity measurements, and this matrix was used as model system to investigate epicatechin bioactivity in the presence of the polysaccharide. The antioxidant activities of different concentrations of the flavonoid were studied by two assays, the cytochrome c reduction in alginate pre-gel and the prevention of oil oxidation. The results converged to 100 ppm concentration as efficacious load of epicatechin to use. Alginate films loaded with this antioxidant dosage were tested in pine nuts and the films were able to slow down lipid oxidation, as indicated by peroxide value and conjugated dienes parameters. The experimental approach here presented may be useful to further systematize the design of multifunctional antioxidant systems with different applications.
Regularity of mixed boundary value problems in ℝ3 and boundary element methods on graded meshes

La solution du probleme de valeurs limites mixte tridimensionnel pour le Laplacien dans un domaine polyedrique a des formes singulieres particulieres aux angles et aux bords. Une decomposition du type produit tensoriel de ces formes singulieres le long des bords est effectuee. On presente un systeme fortement elliptique d'equations integrales frontiere qui est equivalent au probleme de valeurs limites mixte. On donne des resultats de regularite pour la solution du systeme qui permettent d'analyser l'influence d'un maillage gradue sur le taux de convergence des solutions d'elements frontiere de Galerkin correspondantes. On montre qu'il suffit de raffiner le reseau maille seulement du cote des bords de la surface pour regagner le taux optimal de convergence
A multi-sphere indentation method to determine Young's modulus of soft polymeric materials based on the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts contact model

Tissue cells can sense mechanical properties of their surroundings, which, in vitro, generally refer to substrates coated with proteins. The elastic moduli of soft polymers used as substrates have been proved to affect many cellular processes, such as migration, development, and even differentiation. In this note, we present a cost-effective experimental design by using multi-sphere indentations to find the relation between indentation depth and sphere radius, and then apply the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) contact theory with consideration of adhesive work to fit the experimental results so as to assess the value of Young's modulus. Two compliant polymeric materials, polyacrylamide gels and polydimethylsiloxane elastomers, are tested with this method. The results are in good agreement with those reported by previous experiments. Comparisons between JKR and traditional Hertz fittings highlight the demand for taking adhesive forces into account to measure Young's modulus of soft sticky polymeric substrates in cell–substrate interaction studies.
Multi-objective Tuning of Generalized Predictive Controller: A Trade-Off Between Performance and Robustness

This paper investigates the application of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to the Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) parameter tuning. GPC stands out for using predictions of a future system behavior in order to evaluate an optimal control law according to certain performance criteria. GPC deals with multiple conflicting objectives such as minimizing set-point error, reducing variation of control actions and greater robustness. In this work, NSGA-II is applied to the problem of parameter tuning considering the trade-off between performance and robustness. A rule is deduced for choosing an adequate solution in the Pareto front which leads to overall best compromise between performance and robustness criteria. From the results we can observe that NSGA-II reaches satisfactory solutions that allows a better decision-making.
Industry 4.0 Retrofitting

Industry 4.0 or Fourth Industrial Revolution is a new concept which involves technological innovations applied in industrial processes. Using technologies such as Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems and cloud computing, industries tend to become more efficient, autonomous and customizable. However, migration process to Industry 4.0 is not instantaneous, as it depends on the economic and technological investments in the industries of each country. In many countries, industries have not reached the Third Industrial Revolution yet and do not have many investments in the industrial sectors, which creates a challenge to modernize existing industries. From this challenge, an alternative to take off to Industry 4.0 with low cost and agility is known as retrofitting, which is the reuse of old equipment and the integration of new Technologies simultaneously. In this paper is proposed, a way of performing the retrofitting process for Industry 4.0, through a platform that, regardless the model or type of the industrial equipment, offers resources to integrate this equipment with Industry 4.0. To implement the platform, requirements and technologies necessary to perform retrofitting for Industry 4.0 were defined. Afterward, the methods usage in the platform were presented. To validate the operation of the platform a case study with a didactic plant of an automated industry was carried out and as a result the impact after retrofitting for Industry 4.0 is shown.
Effect of Side Ratio and Aiding/Opposing Buoyancy on the Aerodynamic and Heat Transfer Characteristics around a Rectangular Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers

A numerical investigation is carried out to understand the effect of side ratio, as well as aiding/opposing buoyancy on the aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics around a rectangular cylinder in the vertical unconfined configuration. The representative vortex structures and isotherms patterns are presented and discussed. A correlation between the critical Richardson number for the buoyancy-induced breakdown of Kármán vortex street and the side ratio of the cylinder is obtained. The influence of side ratio and buoyancy on Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficient, the recirculation length, and heat transfer from the cylinder is also investigated.
Evaluation of Single HMM as a Pre-Impact Fall Detector Based on Different Input Signals

Accurate near-fall (pre-impact) detection has always been a goal of any fall prevention system. It allows for the early interception before an injury has been sustained by the user. This paper looks at the application of hidden Markov model (HMM) as a near-fall detector with different input signals from multiple IMUs. More input signals and post-processing may increase sensitivity but they also increase computation time and detection latency. This study aims to determine the simplest, fastest and most accurate HMM-based pre-impact fall detection algorithm. 5 IMUs placed at the torso, thighs and shanks are used for data collection. Multiple combinations of acceleration, gyroscope, orientation and quaternion are used as inputs to HMM, without any feature extraction or complex post-processing. Results show that the algorithm is capable of fall detection at about 200 ms after fall initiation with 90% sensitivity and 92% precision. The best performing IMU placements are at the torso and thigh. In addition, the computational latency of this algorithm can be as fast as 0.45 ms.
Short-term improvement of heat tolerance in naturally growing Acropora corals in Okinawa

Mass bleaching and subsequent mortality of reef corals by heat stress has increased globally since the late 20th century, due to global warming. Some experimental studies have reported that corals may increase heat tolerance for short periods, but only a few such studies have monitored naturally-growing colonies. Therefore, we monitored the survival, growth, and bleaching status of Acropora corals in fixed plots by distinguishing individual colonies on a heat-sensitive reef flat in Okinawa, Japan. The level of heat stress, assessed by the modified version of degree heating week duration in July and August, when the seawater temperature was the highest, was minimally but significantly higher in 2017 than in 2016; however, the same colonies exhibited less bleaching and mortality in 2017 than in 2016. Another study conducted at the same site showed that the dominant unicellular endosymbiotic algal species did not change before and after the 2016 bleaching, indicating that shifting and switching of the Symbiodiniaceae community did not contribute to improved heat tolerance. Colonies that suffered from partial mortality in 2016 were completely bleached at higher rates in 2017 than those without partial mortality in 2016. The present results suggest that either genetic or epigenetic changes in coral hosts and/or algal symbionts, or the shifting or switching of microbes other than endosymbionts, may have improved coral holobiont heat tolerance.
Psittacosis Pneumonia: Diagnosis, Treatment and Interhuman Transmission

Abstract Psittacosis pneumonia is a zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittacosis infection, mainly resulting from contact with aerosols of birds or poultry’s urine, feces, and excrement. The clinical manifestations range from general symptoms of infection to severe acute respiratory syndrome and systemic diseases, currently diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to improve diagnostic accuracy. To date, most reports have only discussed human exposure to poultry disease. However, the latest studies have shown that human-to-human transmission of Chlamydia psittaci occurs not only between infected patients and their close contacts but also between secondary contacts. After looking back on relevant literature at home and abroad in the past ten years, this paper reviews the diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment, and progress in epidemiological research of Psittacosis pneumonia.
A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials

Background Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health emergencies of the 21st century, placing a severe economic burden on many countries. Current management approaches have improved diabetic care, but several limitations still exist, such as decreased efficacy, adverse effects, and the high cost of treatment, particularly for developing nations. There is, therefore, a need for more cost-effective therapies for diabetes management. The evidence-based application of phytochemicals from plants in the management of diseases is gaining traction. Methodology Various plants and plant parts have been investigated as antidiabetic agents. This review sought to collate and discuss published data on the cellular and molecular effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on insulin signaling pathways to better understand the current trend in using plant products in the management of diabetes. Furthermore, we explored available information on medicinal plants that consistently produced hypoglycemic effects from isolated cells to animal studies and clinical trials. Results There is substantial literature describing the effects of a range of plant extracts on insulin action and insulin signaling, revealing a depth in knowledge of molecular detail. Our exploration also reveals effective antidiabetic actions in animal studies, and clear translational potential evidenced by clinical trials. Conclusion We suggest that this area of research should be further exploited in the search for novel therapeutics for diabetes.
Strong-coupling expansion for the effective potential on a lattice

This is the first of three papers on the strong-coupling expansion of the renormalized effective potential in gphi/sup 4/ quantum field theory in d-dimensional Euclidean space-time. In this paper we show how to express the effective potential in terms of one-particle-irreducible strong-coupling graphs. We describe two methods for obtaining analytic expressions for the vertices of these graphs. We also present an algebraic technique for evaluating the graphs on a Euclidean space-time lattice in arbitrary dimension d.
Migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population: A prospective cohort study

Background It has been suggested that patients with migraine have a higher risk of stroke. Despite considerable research on this topic in younger populations, a clear answer is still lacking for older individuals. We studied the association between migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population. Methods Within the ongoing prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, the presence of migraine was assessed using a validated questionnaire in a structured interview between 2006 and 2011, which formed the baseline. The association between migraine and the risk of stroke was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustments for age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results A total of 6925 (mean age 65.7 ± 11.3 years, 57.8% females) stroke-free participants were included. At baseline, 1030 (14.9%) participants had lifetime history of migraine. During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 195 participants developed a stroke (163 ischemic stroke). Analyzing the association between migraine and stroke, we found a hazard ratio of 1.44 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.96–2.15. The results were similar for the ischemic stroke (HR 1.50, CI: 0.97–2.32). Conclusion Our data suggested an association between migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population, but this was not statistically significant.