Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caveolae Mechanotransduction at the Interface between Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix

The plasma membrane (PM) is subjected to multiple mechanical forces, and it must adapt and respond to them. PM invaginations named caveolae, with a specific protein and lipid composition, play a crucial role in this mechanosensing and mechanotransduction process. They respond to PM tension changes by flattening, contributing to the buffering of high-range increases in mechanical tension, while novel structures termed dolines, sharing Caveolin1 as the main component, gradually respond to low and medium forces. Caveolae are associated with different types of cytoskeletal filaments, which regulate membrane tension and also initiate multiple mechanotransduction pathways. Caveolar components sense the mechanical properties of the substrate and orchestrate responses that modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) according to these stimuli. They perform this function through both physical remodeling of ECM, where the actin cytoskeleton is a central player, and via the chemical alteration of the ECM composition by exosome deposition. Here, we review mechanotransduction regulation mediated by caveolae and caveolar components, focusing on how mechanical cues are transmitted through the cellular cytoskeleton and how caveolae respond and remodel the ECM.
A Dual-Port Microstrip Patch Antenna with Improved Isolation for Wide-Angle Phased Scanning

A dual-port microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with wide beamwidth for phased array is proposed in this paper, which realizes good isolation between two ports. Firstly, a shorting wall is loaded along the x-axis between the two ports to improve the isolation between the two ports. Then, a pair of shorting walls are loaded along the y-axis to further improve the isolation and broaden the beamwidth of the MPA. Finally, the MPA is arranged as an 8-element phased array, and its simulated results show that the scanning angle of the phased array can be ranged from $-60^{\circ} \sim + 60^{\circ}$. Most importantly, it keeps a low profile of about $0.07\lambda _{{0}}$.
The Joint Measurement of Technical and Allocative Inefficiencies

This article estimates technical and allocative inefficiencies and increase in costs therefrom of individual firms using a translog cost system consisting of the cost function and the cost share equations. We call it a nonlinear random-effects system because technical and allocative inefficiencies are random (hence the term random effects) and are separated from the random noise terms appearing in each equation of the system, and because the inefficiency terms appear in the system in a highly nonlinear fashion, which helps in separating them from random errors. We use Bayesian inference procedures based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to estimate the proposed system. Inferences on firm-specific technical inefficiency and both input-specific and firm-specific allocative inefficiencies are developed using MCMC techniques. We apply the new methods to a sample of 500 U.S. commercial banks. We focus on input allocation problem based on the assumption that banks minimize cost. Empirical results show that cost for the top (bottom) 10% of banks is increased by at least 3% (11%) due to technical inefficiency. In contrast, very few banks are found to be efficient in allocating all the inputs. Costs are increased by 13% on average due to input misallocation. Increase in costs due to both technical and allocative inefficiencies for the top (bottom) 10% of the banks is at least 11% (29%). When translated into dollar figures, this result indicates that elimination of technical and allocative inefficiencies would save the top (bottom) 10% of the banks more than $$. 20 ($$3.56) million. We also find that none of the banks in our sample exceeded the efficient scale size, although most of them were operating near their optimum scale (unitary returns to scale).
Access of solar protons to the Earth's polar caps

Energetic solar proton observations (Ep ≳ 300 kev) in the interplanetary medium by Explorer 33 and Explorer 35 and over the polar caps by Injun 5 during the period September 1968 through March 1970 have been examined in detail. The solar proton intensities observed over the polar regions were compared with the interplanetary intensities on an absolute basis. The high polar latitude (HPL) proton intensities tracked the magnetic field aligned interplanetary intensities well (solar-antisolar intensities as determined from the sectored Explorer data). The tracking was in agreement with the open magnetosphere model about 90% of the time. That is, the intensities observed on the HPL magnetic lines of force, which would be connected to magnetic lines of force from the sun in an interconnected geomagnetic and interplanetary magnetic field, were in agreement with the maximum intensity of the interplanetary proton pitch angle distribution. The intensities observed at the HPL region of the opposite polar cap were in agreement with the minimum intensity of the interplanetary pitch angle distribution. The low polar latitude (LPL) intensities generally tracked the maximum interplanetary intensity very well. The solar protons appear to have access to the LPL regions via the neutral sheet region of the magnetotail. Interplanetary proton intensity structures were used to estimate the delay in access to the polar caps. Based on the assumption that the interplanetary intensity structures are convected past the earth at solar wind speeds, the estimated delay times correspond to access regions with distances from the earth of about 100 RE for the north LPL region and 260 RE for the north HPL region. No evidence was found to indicate that the delays in access depend on the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Reversible Data Hiding in Shared Images Based on Syndrome Decoding and Homomorphism

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images (RDHEI) has drawn increasing concern in multimedia cloud computing scenarios. It embeds secret message into the encrypted carrier while preserving the confidentiality of the image. However, most RDHEI schemes have only one hider and one image carrier which are not efficient for the distributed system with multiple participants. Moreover, if the stego-image is lost, the cover image and the embedded data cannot be restored. To solve above issues, this paper proposes Reversible Data Hiding in Shared Images based on syndrome decoding and homomorphism (RDHSI). In RDHSI, the cover image and secret data are distributed using secret sharing. Multiple data hiders embed shared data into the shared images based on the Syndrome Decoding of Hamming codes and the additive homomorphism of the polynomial. On the receiver side, the lossless cover image and secret data are obtained. The reversibility and privacy preserving of the cover image, the complete extraction of secret data, and the fault-tolerance of the proposed schemes are achieved. The experimental results show that PSNR of the marked image is above 54 dB at the embedding rate of 0.43 bpp. In order to improve the payload of secret data, the Modified RDHSI is further proposed. Generally, the proposed schemes are secure, effective and fault-tolerant.
La mezcla social como solución a las desigualdades en las ciudades

¿Qué es la mezcla social? La mezcla social es la convivencia en el mismo espacio de diferentes grupos sociales, étnicos y generacionales. Su escala geográfica puede ser un edificio, una manzana, un barrio, un distrito o una ciudad. ¿Cómo los planificadores urbanos pueden crear mezcla social? A escala de barrio, hay tres maneras de instaurar la mezcla social: construir viviendas sociales en barrios de clase alta, edificios de alto standing en barrios populares y crear barrios nuevos mixtos. ¿Qué son los efectos negativos relacionados con las desigualdades territoriales a que pueden paliar la mezcla social? Principalmente, la segregación, la marginalización, la exclusión y la gentrificación. ¿Qué efectos positivos tiene la mezcla social? Se destacan dos: la eficiencia económica y la equidad distributiva. Los miembros de las diferentes clases sociales pueden formar una comunidad y beneficiarse de mejoras urbanísticas, educativas y de oportunidades laborales. Sin embargo, no debemos olvidar que la mezcla social es un fenómeno complejo que se debe acompañar de otras medidas. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar la necesidad de la creación de mezcla social en el espacio, incorporándola en la planificación territorial, particularmente en la planificación urbana, para mejorar el bienestar y la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos.
A Novel Dual-Functional Method for Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array

A novel method to enhance the wide-angle scanning capability (WASC) of the array antenna is introduced in this letter, where can reduce the inter-element mutual coupling of the array and broaden the beam-width of the element in the array. Because of the bent metal plates, the horizontal and vertical currents are produced in the element of the array, which can extend the beam-width of the element in the array. Meanwhile, the decoupling function can be realized by the converse vertical currents from the adjacent antenna elements. Two 1×8 linear arrays are fabricated and tested to demonstrate the proposed method. The measured antenna performance accords with the simulated performance. The proposed array can scan the coverage of ±60° with a realized gain variation under 3 dB and lower side lobe level (SLL) under -7.9dB within the operating band from 4.5 to 5.0 GHz. Therefore, the proposed method has been demonstrated in the linear array and can be promoted to apply in the planar array for wireless communication systems, especially in the large coverage communication system.
Design and Analysis of an Ultra-compact Magnetoelectric Antenna

A simplified three-dimensional simulation model of the magnetoelectric (ME) antenna based on thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) is proposed in this paper. Based on this model, the effect of the radius ratio of the magnetostrictive layer to the piezoelectric layer on the performance of the FBAR ME antenna is studied. When the radius ratio is 0.8, the ME antenna has the optimal comprehensive performance. The ME antenna resonates at the frequency of 1.6 GHz while providing a peak return loss of 22.22 dB and 10 dB-bandwidth of 6.2 MHz. Based on the ME antenna, the influence of the substrate clamping effect on the radiation performance is studied. The resonant cavity induction increases the radiation efficiency of the ME antenna by 461 times. The ME antenna’s radiation pattern is similar to that of a magnetic dipole.
Analysis of size and complexity of randomly constructed food webs by information theoretic metrics

Understanding the interrelationships between properties of ecosystems has been a central theme of ecology for decades (Odum 1969; May 1973). Food webs represent an important feature of ecosystems, and the linkages of food-web properties have been addressed specifically (Pimm 1982; Paine 1988). Food webs consist of species networks, and the effect on ecosystem processes of the imbedded species diversity has become a major focal point for research (Tilman 1997; McGrady-Steed et al. 2001; Chapin et al. 2000). In recent years the properties of food webs have been placed into a network perspective, but a major limitation to addressing these properties is simplification associated with data availability and software limitations (Paine 1988; Cohen et al. 1993). One major simplification involves aggregation of species into guilds or trophic species to reduce the number of taxa to be considered (Ulanowicz 1986a). Sizes of published food-web networks are less than 200 taxa (Martinez 1991) when binary feeding relationships (i.e. diet item or not) are considered, and no more than 125 taxa (Ulanowicz et al. 1998) when feeding relationships are quantified (i.e. as fraction of total diet). We have constructed hypothetical food webs with weighted feeding relationships that overcome the limitation of aggregation. Food webs ranged in size up to 2,426 taxa. Ulanowicz has developed several metrics of system growth and development based on information theory (Ulanowicz 1986, 1997). They are predicated on the importance of autocatalysis (i.e. positive feedback loops) during growth and development. Autocatalysis has both extensive and intensive properties. The extensive metric (characteristic of size) is the total amount of flow within the system, that is total system throughput (TST). When the intensive metric (characteristic of complexity) of flow diversity is scaled by TST, the result is called the system’s developmental capacity. Flow patterns become increasingly constrained as a system develops and matures, a characteristic represented by average mutual information (AMI). When AMI has been scaled by TST, the ensuing quantity is called the system ascendency. These metrics, and related ones, provide ways to gauge and characterize systems and changes within systems. For example, eutrophication appears to increase system ascendency via an increase in TST that more than compensates for a drop in AMI (Ulanowicz 1986b). This quantitative definition distinguishes simple enrichment (which does not induce a drop in AMI) from eutrophication (which does). The objectives of this study were twofold. One objective was to assess the effects of different assumptions used to construct the hypothetical webs. A second objective was to evaluate how recent theoretical metrics of food-web organization and complexity (Ulanowicz 1986a, 1997) respond to two key variables that vary with ecosystem development, namely web size and function. Size was examined in terms of the number of taxa and amount of processing (i.e. TST). Function
Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Chin, Fonte, Lim, Sarmiento and Acosta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Opinion PUBLISHED 20 March 2023 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023. 1091352
SecretHunter: A Large-scale Secret Scanner for Public Git Repositories

Collaborative software development platforms like GitHub have gained tremendous popularity. Unfortunately, many users have reportedly leaked authentication secrets (e.g., textual passwords and API keys) in public Git repositories and caused security incidents and finical loss. Recently, several tools were built to investigate the secret leakage in GitHub. However, these tools could only discover and scan a limited portion of files in GitHub due to platform API restrictions and band-width limitations. In this paper, we present SecretHunter, a real-time large-scale comprehensive secret scanner for GitHub. SecretHunter resolves the file discovery and retrieval difficulty via two major improvements to the Git cloning process. Firstly, our system will retrieve file metadata from repositories before cloning file contents. The early metadata access can help identify newly committed files and enable many bandwidth optimizations such as filename filtering and object deduplication. Secondly, SecretHunter adopts a reinforcement learning model to analyze file contents being downloaded and infer whether the file is sensitive. If not, the download process can be aborted to conserve bandwidth. We conduct a one-month empirical study to evaluate SecretHunter. Our results show that SecretHunter discovers 57% more leaked secrets than state-of-the-art tools. SecretHunter also reduces 85% bandwidth consumption in the object retrieval process and can be used in low-bandwidth settings (e.g., 4G connections).
Iterative methods for dynamic stochastic shortest path problems

We consider a routing policy that forms a dynamic shortest path in a network with independent, positive and discrete random arc costs. When visiting a node in the network, the costs for the arcs going out of this node are realized, and then the policy will determine which node to visit next with the objective of minimizing the expected cost from the current node to the destination node. This paper proposes an approach, which mimics the classical label-correcting approach, to compute the expected path cost. First, we develop a sequential implementation of this approach and establish some properties about the implementation. Next, we develop stochastic versions of some well-known label-correcting methods, including the first-in-first-out method, the two-queue method, the threshold algorithms, and the small-label-first principle. We perform numerical experiments to evaluate these methods and observe that fast methods for deterministic networks can become very slow for stochastic networks. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 769–789, 1998
Statistical structure of high-Reynolds-number turbulence close to the free surface of an open-channel flow

Statistical characteristics of turbulence in the near-surface region of a steady open- channel flow are examined using new data obtained in a high-Reynolds-number large-eddy simulation using a dynamic subgrid-scale model. These data, which correspond to a Reynolds number Re* = 1280 based on the total depth and shear velocity at the bottom wall, are systematically compared with those found in available direct numerical simulations in which Re* is typically one order of magnitude smaller. Emphasis is put on terms involved in the turbulent kinetic energy budget (dominated by dissipation and turbulent transport), and on the intercomponent transfer process by which energy is exchanged between the normal velocity component and the tangential ones. It is shown that the relative magnitude of the pressure–strain correlations depends directly on the anisotropy of the turbulence near the bottom of the surface-influenced layer, and that this anisotropy is a strongly decreasing function of Re*. This comparison also reveals the Re*-scaling laws of some of the statistical moments in the near-surface region, especially those involving vorticity fluctuations. Velocity variances, length scales and one-dimensional spectra are then compared with predictions of the rapid distortion theory elaborated by Hunt & Graham (1978) to predict the effect of the sudden insertion of a flat surface on a shearless turbulence. A very good agreement is found, both qualitatively and quantitatively, outside the thin viscous sublayer attached to the surface. As the present high-Reynolds-number statistics have been obtained after a significant number of turnover periods, this agreement strongly suggests that the validity of the Hunt & Graham theory is not restricted to short times after surface insertion.
Estimation from Burr type XII distribution using progressive first-failure censored data

In this paper, a new life test plan called a progressively first-failure-censoring scheme introduced by Wu and Kuş [On estimation based on progressive first-failure-censored sampling, Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 53(10) (2009), pp. 3659–3670] is considered. Based on this type of censoring, the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayes estimates for some survival time parameters namely reliability and hazard functions, as well as the parameters of the Burr-XII distribution are obtained. The Bayes estimators relative to both the symmetric and asymmetric loss functions are discussed. We use the conjugate prior for the one-shape parameter and discrete prior for the other parameter. Exact and approximate confidence intervals with the exact confidence region for the two-shape parameters are derived. A numerical example using the real data set is provided to illustrate the proposed estimation methods developed here. The ML and the different Bayes estimates are compared via a Monte Carlo simulation study.
Changing frequency after‐effect of a linear frequency glide

After listening to a linear frequency glide in a single direction ten times, subjective frequency change of stationary sine wave in the opposite direction was observed (changing frequency after‐effect). Adapting glides had a fixed frequency excursion (ΔF: 960–1040 Hz), five different durations (250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1250 ms), and glided either upward or downward in frequency. Test glides starting from 1000 Hz had three different durations (500, 750, or 1000 ms), and its ΔF increased or decreased according to subject’s response. ΔF at subjective stationary frequency was measured using a three‐category (‘‘up,’’ ‘‘down,’’ or ‘‘no change’’ in frequency) double‐staircase procedure. In the ipsilateral condition (presenting both adapting and test stimuli to the same ear), ΔF in the same direction with the adapting glides was obtained and maximum ΔF (12 Hz) was observed when the duration of each test glide was the same as adapting glides, although, in the contralateral condition, ΔF was very small or none. Thes.
Cloud albedo control by cloud‐top entrainment

Marine stratus and stratocumulus clouds exert a considerable influence on the Earth's heat budget, mainly due to their high albedos relative to the ocean surface. It is therefore important to understand the processes that control the radiative properties of these extensive cloud systems, particularly during daylight hours. Aircraft measurements of a stratocumulus cloud deck taken around local noon during the 1987 field phase of the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment are the topic of this paper. A mixing line analysis of data from a series of flight tracks across a strong gradient in cloud albedo provides evidence that variations in the water vapour content of the air above the marine inversion can be responsible for the albedo change. The implications of this unexpected result for climate modelling are discussed. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1991. 00004.x
On Compact Perturbations of Operators

Recently R. G. Douglas showed [4] that if V is a nonunitary isometry and U is a unitary operator (both acting on a complex, separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space ), then V — K is unitarily equivalent to V ⊕ U (acting on ⊕ ) where K is a compact operator of arbitrarily small norm. In this note we shall prove a much more general theorem which seems to indicate "why" Douglas' theorem holds (and which yields Douglas' theorem as a corollary).
Pulsar Scintillation Arcs. I. Frequency Dependence

Dynamic spectra of pulsars often show low-level crisscross patterns as well as isolated interference maxima called scintles. Previously, we have shown that a power spectrum analysis of the dynamic spectrum usually exhibits a parabolic arc with a well-determined curvature. A simple analysis predicts that this curvature should scale with observing frequency as ν-2. We report on multifrequency observations of three pulsars at the Arecibo Observatory that are designed to test this prediction and explore the frequency behavior of the power distribution. We find that the arc curvature scales as expected over more than a factor of 5 in observing frequency (0.43-2.2 GHz). This allows us to compare arc curvature at different frequencies obtained over a long time span. Furthermore, we find that scintillation arcs are a broadband phenomenon: they are present contemporaneously, and with the same general appearance, over a wide frequency range. At higher frequencies (≳1 GHz) the arcs are more sharply defined, substructure is more prominent, and inverted subarcs often appear with vertices along the main parabola.