Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Social, Cultural, Psychological, Organizational and Physical Environments in the Workplace: A User Guide on Creativity.

OF A PROJECT The Social, Cultural, Psychological, Organizational and Physical Environments in the Workplace: A User Guide on Creativity. The purpose of this project is a user guide for managers in any organization regarding the Social, Cultural, Psychological, Organizational and Physical Environments in the Workplace: A User Guide on Creativity. A workplace environment is a crucial part of the organizations success. Organizations who understand the role of emotions will significantly improve their ability to explain and predict their employee’s behavior. Mood has importance significances for a workplace environment. The social environment can stimulate creativity through offering a sense of positive challenge in the work; work teams that are collaborative, diversely skilled, and ideafocused; freedom in carrying out the work and supervisors who encourage the development of new ideas. The best workplaces to enhance creativity must be adaptable to these new ways of working. A good company will develop its employees. One method to encourage their employees is by paying attention to the physical office environment. Modern work environments require good communication skills, creative thinking, the ability to work in a team, and the ability to adapt to change, and to work with people from diverse cultures.
Document de Travail n ° 2011-44 Aggregate instability under balanced-budget consumption taxes : a re-examination

We re-examine the destabilizing role of balanced-budget fiscal policy rules based on consumption taxation. Using a one-sector model with infinitely-lived households, and assuming that preferences are of the Greenwood-Hercovitz-Huffman [8] (GHH) type, we show that non-linear consumption taxation may destabilize the economy, promoting expectation-driven fluctuations, if the tax rate is countercyclical. We also exhibit a Laffer curve, which explains the multiplicity of steady states when the tax rate is counter-cyclical. All these results are mainly driven by the absence of income effect. Finally, a numerical illustration shows that consumption taxation may be a source of instability for most OECD countries.
Benthic O2 exchange across hard-bottom substrates quantified by eddy correlation in a sub-Arctic fjord

Oxygen exchange across the seabed is a key measure for quantifying benthic carbon turnover. However, technical limitations have restricted such mea- surements to sedimentary areas. Few assessments on hard-bottom substrates exist although such biotopes are frequent along many coastlines. In spring 2009, we used the non-invasive eddy correlation technique to quantify the in situ O2 exchange rate across 3 typical substrates in West Greenland: (1) in soft sediments, the O2 exchange in darkness averaged 2.0 mmol m -2 h -1 . The rate ex- ceeded the O2 exchange quantified from microprofile measurements by 80%, but was not significantly differ- ent from parallel core incubations. (2) Measurements across consolidated sand and stones revealed a high activity with average O2 exchange similar to that of sedimentary areas. Despite being net heterotrophic, the benthic primary production on average amounted to 27 mmol O2 m -2 d -1 , which per unit area is similar to the pelagic gross production of the central fjord. Carbon fixed by benthic diatoms and coralline red algae was efficiently recycled by microbes or grazed by the abun- dant epifauna. (3) A vertical cliff covered with sea cucumbers also revealed high O2 consumption rates (1.2 mmol m -2 h -1 ). The O2 exchange derived from the eddy correlation approach exhibited pronounced short- term variability reflecting the interplay of several dynamic controls, most importantly short-term variations in local hydrodynamics. All together, measurements across hard-bottom substrates revealed active benthic communities that mediate high carbon turnover rates.
Probabilistic maturation reaction norms: their history, strengths, and limitations

Probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) are emerging as a flexible and general tool for characterizing phenotypic plasticity in maturation schedules. Describing an organism's probability of maturing as a function of its age and size, PMRNs offer several beneficial features: (1) PMRNs overcome systematic biases that previously marred the estimation of deterministic matu- ration reaction norms for populations with probabilistic growth and maturation; (2) PMRNs remove the effects of varying mortality rates and average juvenile somatic growth rates from descriptions of maturation schedules; (3) PMRNs are defined at the level of individuals and can thus be treated as phenotypes when applying methods of quantitative genetics; (4) PMRNs serve as indispensable ingredients in process-based dynamical models of a population's age and size structure; and (5) PMRNs are readily extended to include effects on maturation of individual or environmental factors other than age and size. Owing to this combination of features, PMRNs allow many effects of phenotypic plasticity to be stripped away from the description of maturation schedules, so that residual trends are suggestive of genetic adaptation in maturation schedules. Here we review the historical developments that led to the introduction of PMRNs and address frequently asked ques- tions about their interpretation, utility, and application.
Lionfish: a major marine invasion

Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans/miles were likely introduced to Florida coastal waters via the aquarium trade and have spread rapidly along the southeastern coast of the United States and throughout the greater Caribbean region, including Bermuda and the Gulf of Mexico. This mesopredator has strong consumptive effects on native demersal fishes, especially on coral reefs but also including a variety of other nearshore habitats. The invader may also have substan- tial indirect effects on reef ecosystems by overconsuming ecologically important species. Given growing concern over what is likely the most damaging marine fish invasion to date globally, this Theme Section presents findings reported during a lionfish symposium at the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute annual conference convened in Panama City, Panama, in November 2015. New findings include mechanisms that enhance the success of the invader, the extremely broad and variable diet of invasive lionfish, the ecological effects of the invader on native fish populations in various environmental contexts, and non-consumptive interactions between invasive lionfish and native predators.
Net contribution of spillover from a marine reserve to fishery catches

Benefits for fisheries from marine protected areas (MPAs) are expected from recruit- ment of exported eggs and larvae as well as from spillover of adults to adjacent fishing grounds. Because the recruitment effect is difficult to detect, spillover is presently the only tangible potential fishery benefit of MPAs. Despite abundant evidence of spillover in the literature, this is the first study to quantify the number and biomass of individuals annually spilling over from an MPA and their con- tribution to the local fishery catches. Using a decade (1997-2007) of tag-recapture data for the lobster Palinurus elephas from the Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (CIMR), we estimated annual emi- gration probabilities of 3.7% (female) and 6.7% (male), and quantified the resulting spillover to adja- cent fished areas. We showed that during an 8 to 17 yr protection period, harvested spillover offset the loss of yield resulting from the reduction of fishing grounds set aside in the CIMR, producing a mean annual net benefit of 10% of the catch in weight. Although the number of lobsters spilling over annually did not quite make up for the loss of fishing grounds in the CIMR, it did in weight because the mean size of the lobsters emigrating from the reserve was larger than that of those outside. We propose that nomadic or home range movements of individuals near MPA boundaries, seasonal migrations and migrations forced by extraordinary meteorological events, and density-dependent movements facilitated spillover from the CIMR. Fishing effort concentration along its boundaries and high exploitation rates in the local fishery limited the spatial extent of spillover.
Quantification of flows generated by the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria: a Lagrangian coherent structure analysis

Most oblate medusae use flow generated during swimming to capture prey. Quantification of their interactions with surrounding fluid is necessary to understand their feeding mechanics and to develop models to predict their predatory impact. In the present study, we quantified how the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria interacts with both its surrounding fluid and prey. The fluid interactions were examined in the laboratory and in natural field settings using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) measurements. The laboratory DPIV data were used to compute finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields, and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) were extracted from the FTLE fields. The laboratory LCS analysis demonstrated that swimming A. victoria only encounter discrete packets of fluid originating upstream of the medusan bell. Based on the size of these packets, we estimated that the A. victoria examined have the potential to clear 11.4 l h^(–1). Used in conjunction with measured prey capture efficiencies, we estimated potential clearance rates on different prey types. These hydrodynamically based clearance rate estimates are consistent with previously measured empirical clearance rate estimates. Velocity vector and shear fields also suggested that the feeding current created by A. victoria may be more suitable for encountering copepods than previously thought. Although still preliminary, in situ DPIV data indicate that natural background flows may alter the encounter process from what is observed in still-water laboratory conditions.
: Detecting Backdoors During the Inference Stage Based on Corruption Robustness Consistency

Tab. 1 and Tab. 2 show the effectiveness of different attacks on different backbones and datasets, indicating that all the attacks are valid. STRIP [1]. We re-implement STRIP following the official codes 1 and a reference 2. For every input image, we use 100 clean images from test data for superimposing. FreqDetector [5]. We re-implement FreqDetector following the official codes 3. We choose PreActResNet18 as the backbone of FreqDetector, and let all clean training images (for example, 50000 images in CIFAR10) serve as the training data of FreqDetector. Following the paper and official codes, we choose a random white block, random colored block, Gaussian noise, random shadow, and random blend as data augmentations.
Démélange d'images TEP dynamiques

Cet article introduit une methode de demelange pour l’analyse d’images de tomographie par emission de positons (TEP) dynamiques du cerveau. Plus precisement, on souhaite estimer conjointement les courbes temps-activite (CTA) qui caracterisent chaque type de tissu, et la repartition spatiale de ces tissus dans les voxels du cerveau image. Le modele propose permet notamment de prendre en compte la variabilite spatiale de la CTA qui correspond a une region de fixation specifique, ainsi que l’effet de volume partiel et le bruit afferents a ce type d’image. Les contributions de l’article sont d’une part, de montrer que le concept de demelange est un outil d’analyse approprie pour les images TEP dynamiques; et d’autre part, de proposer un nouvel algorithme de demelange prenant explicitement en compte la variabilite, ce qui permet d’ameliorer significativement les resultats de demelange par rapport `a ceux obtenus par des methodes de l’etat-de-l’art.
When Does Competition Lead to E ¢ cient Investments ?

The paper studies agents’ investment decisions between general and speci.c investments under di¤erent ownership structures in a thin, decentralized market where each agent’s decision a¤ects the decisions and welfare of other (otherwise unrelated) agents mainly through indirect market linkages. The paper demonstrates that “excess competition among investors,” in every equilibrium, will lead to e¢cient investments, regardless of asset ownership. In the absence of such excess competition, in every equilibrium, ine¢cient investments will result, unless some special ownership arrangement is made. The problem in which the choice variable is investment level, instead of investment type, is also studied.
Fraturas osteoporóticas da coluna vertebral

Resumo As fraturas vertebrais são comuns em idosos e em mulheres no período pós-menopausa. Tais fraturas podem ter como etiologia principal a osteoporose ou ser decorrentes de trauma, infecções ou neoplasia. A osteoporose é caracterizada por diminuição da massa e modificação da microarquitetura óssea, sendo a manifestação mais comum a fratura patológica. Apresenta como manifestação clínica dor, diminuição da altura e desalinhamento da coluna vertebral, sintomas neurológicos, bem como alteração na autoestima e problemas sociais. O diagnóstico de osteoporose é dado por meio da realização de densitometria óssea, sendo esse o padrão-ouro, podendo-se lançar mão de outros métodos de imagem em situações específicas. O tratamento da osteoporose inclui métodos para a prevenção de fraturas, tais como reposição de cálcio e vitamina D, uso de bifosfonados, paratormônio e reposição hormonal. Quando em vigência de fratura, a conduta preferida ainda é a abordagem não cirúrgica, sendo feita por meio de imobilização, uso de analgésicos, fisioterapia e reabilitação motora. Quando em vigência de déficit neurológico, deformidade severa ou ausência de resposta ao tratamento conservador, está indicada a abordagem cirúrgica.
Sweden: collective bargaining under the industry norm

Sweden is a small market economy, with ten million inhabitants, dominated by large export-oriented transnational companies. Between 1995 and 2018 the export share of GDP increased from 38 to 47 per cent. Sweden has been a member of the European Union (EU) since 1995 but is still able to run its own monetary policy as the country has not entered the euro zone. The Social Democrats have been the governing party for long periods, in 1932–1976, 1982–1990, 1994–2006 and since 2014; in the second and third periods, however, they have initiated or supported many neoliberal reforms (for instance, a substantial share of tax-fi nanced schools, child care and elderly care are outsourced to private companies). Sweden has the most socially segregated union movement in the world, with separate blue-collar and white-collar national unions and confederations. There is a similar pattern in the other Nordic countries, but not as consistently as in Sweden. Like Denmark and Finland, two other Nordic countries with a Ghent system, Sweden has a high but declining union density (see Table 28.1). The substantial increase in union unemployment contributions in 2007–2013 partly eroded the Ghent system as an instrument for membership recruitment, particularly regarding blue-collar unions, which imposed the highest contributions. While in 2000 blue-collar union density was higher than white-collar density, the opposite has been the case since 2008. The density of employers’ associations and the coverage of collective agreements remain stable at a high level.
Coping with the “coffee crisis” in Central America

"This study examines the effect of a safety-net program on households' well-being and work activities during an economic downturn. It considers (1) how rural Nicaraguan households without the Red de Proteccion Social (RPS) program fared over the period 2000–02, and (2) whether households benefiting from the program were better able to protect household expenditures and other aspects of well-being than their control counterparts during the same period. While not designed as a traditional safety net program, RPS has performed like one, protecting most those in greatest need. It provided a cushion for per capita expenditures and protected coffee laborers from working additional hours. It also safeguarded investment in children. Thus RPS played a significant role in helping poor, rural Nicaraguans weather the coffee crisis. " From Text
Updated cosmic-ray and radio constraints on light dark matter: Implications for the GeV gamma-ray excess at the Galactic Center

The apparent gamma-ray excess in the Galactic center region and inner Galaxy has attracted considerable interest, notably because both its spectrum and its radial distribution are consistent with an interpretation in terms of annihilating dark matter particles with a mass of about 10--40 GeV. We confront such an interpretation with an updated compilation of various indirect dark matter detection bounds, which we adapt to the specific form required by the observed signal. We find that cosmic-ray positron data strongly rule out dark matter annihilating to light leptons, or ``democratically'' to all leptons, as an explanation of the signal. Cosmic-ray antiprotons, for which we present independent and significantly improved limits with respect to previous estimates, are already in considerable tension with dark matter (DM) annihilation to any combination of quark final states; the first set of AMS-02 data will thus be able to rule out or confirm the DM hypothesis with high confidence. For reasonable assumptions about the magnetic field in the Galactic center region, radio observations independently put very severe constraints on a DM interpretation of the excess, in particular for all leptonic annihilation channels.
Causal Bounds in Quasi-Markovian Graphs

We consider the problem of computing bounds for causal queries on quasi-Markovian graphs with unobserved confounders and discrete valued observed variables, where identiﬁability does not hold. Existing non-parametric approaches for computing such bounds use multilinear programming (MP) formulations that are often intractable for existing solvers when the degree of the polynomial objective is greater than two. Hence, one often has to resort to either fast approximate heuristics which are not guaranteed to contain the true query value, or more accurate but computationally intensive procedures. We show how to construct an equivalent MP with a polynomial objective of lower degree. In particular, the degree of the ob-jective in the new MP is equal to only the number of C-components that are intervened upon, instead of the total number of C-components. As a result, we can compute exact bounds for signiﬁcantly larger causal inference problems as compared to what is possible using existing techniques. We also propose a very efﬁcient Frank-Wolfe heuristic that produces very high quality bounds, and scales to large multilinear problems of higher degree.
UvA-DARE Children With Developmental Language Disorder Have an Auditory Verbal Statistical Learning Deficit: Evidence From an Online Measure

Successful language use requires the ability to process nonadjacent dependencies (NADs) that occur in linguistic input. Learning such structural regularities seems This study was part of the project Examining the Contribution of Procedural Memory to Grammar and Literacy awarded by the Dutch National Research Organisation to Prof. Judith Rispens. We extend our gratitude to all children who participated and to their parents, teachers, and speech therapists who facilitated the children’s participation. More speciﬁcally, we would like to thank ViertaalspecialeducationinAlmere,Amsterdam,Purmerend,andSchagen;TheRoyalDutchAuris Group in Breda, Haarlem, Leiden, and Tilburg; The Royal Dutch Kentalis in Nijmegen; Pento in Amersfoort, and stichting Hoormij (Dutch parents’ association for parents of children with DLD) for their help in the recruitment of children with DLD. Also, we would like to thank the four primary schools (Binnenmeer, ‘T Blokhuus, Startnest, and Wheermolen) that participated. Finally, we thank Iris Broedelet, Sascha Couvee, Darlene Keydeniers, Maartje Hoekstra (test assistants), DirkJanVet(technicalimplementationoftheexperiment),andMerelvanWitteloostuijn(extensive help with the design of the experiment). All materials, and analysis for this are materials are also publicly available the IRIS database Learn more about the Open Practices badges the for therefore crucial for children, and researchers have indeed proposed that language problems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD), especially problems with grammar, are due to their decreased sensitivity to NADs. Because the evidence supporting this claim is scarce, we compared children with DLD ( n = 36; M age = 9.1 years) and without DLD ( n = 36; M age = 9.1 years) performing a learning task with NADs. Using response times as an online measure of learning NADs, we observed that participants with DLD were less sensitive to NADs than were typically developing peers. The conﬁdence intervals of the effect, however, indicated that the effect was probably small in size. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of the present study in light of this effect size.
Analyzing Behaviorial Data for Refining Cognitive Models of Operator

We present a methodology and a tool for analyzing the activity of an operator interacting with a complex technical device. The goal is of refining cognitive models of the operator by relating them to patterns of behavior in real situations. The activity is observed to he modeled as a trace having a graph structure. The trace is transformed according to metadata in order to become meaningful in the context of modeling theories. Our "trace based system" thus gathers both a representation of the activity and a representation of the analyst's expertise, for facilitating the discovery of knowledge in the field of cognitive psychology. The approach is illustrated by its application for car driver cognitive modeling
Testing conventional wisdom (of the crowd)

Do common assumptions about the way that crowd workers make mistakes in microtask (labeling) applications manifest in real crowdsourcing data? Prior work only addresses this question indirectly. Instead, it primarily focuses on designing new label aggregation algorithms, seeming to imply that better performance justiﬁes any additional assumptions. However, empirical evidence in past instances has raised signiﬁcant challenges to common assumptions. We continue this line of work, using crowdsourcing data itself as directly as possible to interrogate several basic assumptions about workers and tasks. We ﬁnd strong evidence that the assumption that workers respond correctly to each task with a constant probability, which is common in theoretical work, is implausible in real data. We also illustrate how heterogeneity among tasks and workers can take different forms, which have different implications for the design and evaluation of label aggregation algorithms.
The Determination of Sediment Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Bioavailability using Direct Pore Water Analysis by Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)

Abstract : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often detected in many sediments adjacent to sites where industrial processes have operated. By their nature, PAHs are very hydrophobic, and tend to be tightly bound to the organic materials within sediments, making them unavailable for exposure to aquatic organisms. As a result of this binding phenomenon, there is often no correlation between the measured total PAH concentrations in sediments and those concentrations that adversely affect benthic organisms. Rather, these adverse effects are correlated to the dissolved-phase PAHs that are detected in sediment pore water. In spite of these observations, most PAH-contaminated sediment sites are evaluated and managed based on the total PAH concentrations determined on whole sediment samples. To be protective of the environment and at the same time provide a more realistic process for evaluating the risks of PAHs to benthic organisms, a framework was developed by the U.S. EPA (EPA) entitled Evaluating Ecological Risk to Invertebrate Receptors from PAHs in Sediments at Hazardous Waste Sites (EPA-600-R-06-162F)(U.S. EPA, 2009).