Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decentralized and adaptive control of multiple nonholonomic robots for sensing coverage

This work deals with decentralized control of multiple nonholonomic mobile sensors for optimal coverage of a given area for sensing purposes. We assume a density function over the region to be covered, which can be viewed as a probability density of the phenomena to be sensed. The density function is unknown but assumed to be linearly parameterized with unknown parameter weights. We consider a second‐order dynamic model for the mobile agents and derive decentralized adaptive control laws to achieve optimal coverage of the region. We then consider the case where the dynamic model of the agents are not fully known, and then develop parameter adaptation laws to achieve the optimal coverage objective. We test the derived algorithms using simulations and compare our proposed controllers with kinematics‐based controllers. We find that the feedback control design based on the dynamic model performs significantly better than controllers solely relying on kinematic models. Furthermore, for the unknown dynamics case, our controller outperforms the nonadaptive controller with poor initial parameter estimates.
Underdetermined convolutive source separation using two dimensional non-negative factorization techniques

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iii LIST OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF SYMBOLS . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS . xiv LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Motivation . 1 1.2 Big Picture of Audio Source Separation . 2 1.3 Aims and Objectives of Thesis . 4 1.4 Contributions . 4 1.5 Thesis Outline . 6 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF AUDIO SOURCE SEPARATION . 8 2.1 What is Audio Source Separation . 8 2.2 Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) . 11 2.3 Nonnegative Matrix Factor 2D Deconvolution (NMF2D) . 17 2.4 Nonnegative Tensor Factorization (NTF) . 20 2.5 Nonnegative Tensor Factor Double Deconvolution (NTF2D) . 21 2.6 Informed Source Separation . 23 2.6. 1 Score Informed Source Separation . 24 2.6. 2 Exemplar-Based Source Separation . 24 2.6. 3 Coding Based Informed Source Separation . 24 2.7 Parameters Effecting The NMF/NMF2D . 25 2.7. 1 Cost function . 25 2.7. 2 Initialization . 25 2.7. 3 Number of Components and Convolutive Parameters . 25
Study of Energy Loss Characteristics of a Shaft Tubular Pump Device Based on the Entropy Production Method

The unstable flow of a shaft tubular pump device (STPD) leads to energy loss, thereby reducing its efficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution pattern of energy loss in STPDs. This paper reveals that the two components with the highest proportion of energy loss are the impeller and the outlet passage. Furthermore, turbulent entropy production is the primary cause of energy loss. Due to the wall effect, the energy loss in the impeller mainly occurs near the hub and shroud. Additionally, the presence of a tip leakage vortex near the shroud further contributes to the energy loss in the region near the shroud. This results in the energy loss proportion exceeding 40% in the region with a volume fraction of 14% near the shroud. In the outlet passage, the energy loss mainly occurs in the front region, with a volume fraction of 30%, and the energy loss in this part accounts for more than 65%. Finally, this study reveals the locations of the vortex in the STPD under different flow-rate conditions, and when the distribution of energy loss is visualized, it is found that the energy loss occurs high in the vortex regions.
Sodium and Growth in Preterm Infants: A Review

Aim: This article is intended to review the relationship between sodium homeostasis and growth, outline reasons why preterm infants may become sodium deficient, and share data from our group and others regarding the potential benefits of dietary sodium supplementation. Background: Despite tremendous efforts over the past 20 years to optimize neonatal nutrition, postnatal growth failure in preterm infants remains a significant problem. Compelling associations have been identified between in-hospital growth failure and cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders, heightening the need to further identify the optimal nutritional needs of preterm infants. Results: The impact of sodium deficiency may have on somatic growth is poorly studied and reported upon within the human literature. In contrast, animal studies dating back almost 100 years highlight the nutritional importance of dietary sodium. Sodium homeostasis during early postnatal life is understudied and underappreciated by neonatologists. Conclusion: Insufficient sodium intake during early life is likely a critical yet underappreciated contributor to growth failure. Total body sodium depletion may be an important risk factor driving complications of premature birth. Clinical significance: Increased awareness of sodium homeostasis in preterm infants may improve outcomes in this population. Sodium intake recommendations are provided based on the interpretation of currently available literature.
Electrochemical Flow Reactor Design Allows Tunable Mass Transport Conditions for Operando Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

In situ attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) is often used to investigate the near‐surface electrocatalytic reaction environment. However, there is a gap in directly correlating the near‐surface reaction environment with electrocatalytic reaction rates. To that end, we designed an electrochemical flow reactor for operando electrochemical ATR‐SEIRAS and demonstrate its capability with the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Roughened gold catalyst thin films are prepared on ATR silicon crystals as a model system to probe local species under CO2RR conditions in 0.1 M KHCO3. We measured changes in the interfacial CO2 concentration as a function of applied potential and electrolyte flow rate in operando, allowing us to correlate the changes in reaction rates with the observed CO2 concentration. Including the choice of the catalyst and electrolyte, coupling hydrodynamic control with ATR‐SEIRAS in this platform enables investigations of how the local microenvironment affects the activity and selectivity of electrochemical reactions.
Method for Fluid Flow Simulation of a Gerotor Pump Using OpenFOAM

A new approach based on the open source tool OpenFOAM is presented for the numerical simulation of a mini gerotor pump working at low pressure. The work is principally focused on the estimation of leakage flow in the clearance disk between pump case and gears. Two main contributions are presented for the performance of the numerical simulation. On one hand, a contact point viscosity model is used for the simulation of solid–solid contact between gears in order to avoid the teeth tip leakage. On the other hand, a new boundary condition has been implemented for the gear mesh points motion in order to keep the mesh quality while moving gears with relative velocity. Arbitrary coupled mesh interface (ACMI) has been used both in the interface between clearance disk in inlet/outlet ports and between clearance disk and interteeth fluid domain. Although the main goal of the work is the development of the numerical method rather than the study of the physical analysis of the pump, results have been compared with experimental measurement and a good agreement in volumetric efficiency and pressure fluctuations has been found. Finally, the leakage flow in the clearance disk has been analyzed.
Studies on Reliability and Measurement Error of Measurements in Medicine – From Design to Statistics Explained for Medical Researchers

Abstract Reliability and measurement error are measurement properties that quantify the influence of specific sources of variation, such as raters, type of machine, or time, on the score of the individual measurement. Several designs can be chosen to assess reliability and measurement error of a measurement. Differences in design are due to specific choices about which sources of variation are varied over the repeated measurements in stable patients, which potential sources of variation are kept stable (ie, restricted), and about whether or not the entire measurement instrument (or measurement protocol) was repeated or only part of it. We explain how these choices determine how intraclass correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement formulas are built for different designs by using Venn diagrams. Strategies for improving the measurement are explained, and recommendations for reporting the essentials of these studies are described. We hope that this paper will facilitate the understanding and improve the design, analysis, and reporting of future studies on reliability and measurement error of measurements.
Mixture Models for Coarsened Multivariate Failure Time Data

The aim of this thesis is to develop statistical methodology for the analysis of life history data under incomplete observation schemes and with latent features which must be accommodated to ensure models provide a reasonable representation of the processes of interest and advance scientific understanding. Life history data frequently arise in health studies of disease processes in which individuals pass through a series of stages of disease. Multistate models offer an appealing approach to modelling processes in settings where the stages can be meaningfully characterized into a finite number of disjoint stages and we adopt such models for much of the research in this thesis. In many instances, because processes are only observed intermittently, the precise number, types and times of transitions between assessments are not available. For failure time processes at most a single transition can occur between assessments and the resulting data are called interval-censored failure time data. For more general multistate processes it is more generally called a panel data observation scheme. We investigate problems related to interval-censored data throughout this thesis, and consider a more extreme form of incomplete data due to aggregation. The term coarsened data is used to unify these settings. Despite careful attempts to collect and exploit available information to characterize the dynamic features of life history processes, substantial unexplained variability often exists between individuals or groups of individuals. Heterogeneity can be accommodated in various ways. Finite mixture models can be specified to accommodates distinct classes, or sub-populations, in which different disease processes govern progression in the different classes; latent class models are often used when class membership is fixed. When there are two classes and no disease progression occurs in one class, so-called cure rate models are
Perspektif Negara Komunis Menyoroti Tren Etika dan Pendidikan Komparatif

In this article, I have tried to highlight some aspects of the two perspectives. The first is the perspective of the researcher who recalls his past as a student in a communist country, interpreting his life experiences given his impact on his education and teaching profession. The second perspective is that of the researcher who looks to the future, initially lacking in resources but willing to connect with global research in his area of interest, educational ethics. International studies that support and inspire our research in the domain of educational ethics include philosophical works, the study of moral psychology, and resources from sociology and organizational psychology as well as from pedagogy. Regarding expected trends in comparative and international education, I have grouped them into three categories: (1) Trends related to research themes in comparative education: many of the main themes of education have been filtered or will be filtered through a comparative lens (educational history, philosophy- educational physics, curriculum and didactics, sociology of education, politics and economics of education and educational psychology); (2) Methodological trends in quantitative and qualitative methodologies together will support the research process in comparative education; and (3) Trends regarding the impact of research in comparative pedagogy: Global Models of will Inspire Local Initiatives without Copiable Beings.
A Quadratic Programming with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers

Quadratic Programming (QP) is a mathematical modeling technique designed to optimize the usage of limited resources and has been widely applied to solve real world problems. In conventional quadratic programming model the parameters are known constants. However in many practical situations, it is not reasonable to require that the constraints or the objective function in quadratic programming problems be specified in precise, crisp terms. In such situations, it is desirable to use some type of Fuzzy Quadratic Programming (FQP) problem. In this paper a new approach is proposed to derive the fuzzy objective value of fuzzy quadratic programming problem, where the constraints coefficients and the right-hand sides are all triangular fuzzy numbers. The proposed method is solved using MATLABTM toolbox and the numerical results are presented.
Compact planar array antenna with electrically beam steering from backfire to endfire based on liquid crystal

In this study, a novel electrically steerable planar array antenna based on liquid crystal (LC) is elaborately designed, fabricated and measured. The occupied area and undesired coupling of the meander line phase shifter are reduced by chamfering appropriately. Combined with the electrically tunable LC material, the miniaturised phase shifter achieves 146° phase shift and 122.7°/dB frequency-dependent figure-of-merit. Utilising in series phase shifters, power dividers and in parallel patches, the proposed antenna features compact configuration 41° continuous wide beam scanning range from forward to backward at the satellite communication band 12.5 GHz. At the same time, it maintains satisfactory reflection coefficient and impedance bandwidth at each angle. Finally, the measurements validate the scanning of the beam by electrically tuning the phase shift between the radiating elements.
Pulsar radio emission mechanism: Why no consensus?

Pulsar radio emission involves a coherent emission mechanism involving relativistic particles, but there is no consensus on what the specific emission mechanism is. There are arguments for and against several suggested mechanisms of long-standing, including two, relativistic plasma emission and anomalous Doppler emission, that depend explicitly on the dispersive properties of waves in a pulsar plasma. Models that do not include dispersion due to the relativistic spread in energy of the plasma particles can be misleading, and including the effects of this spread on the wave dispersion leads to severe constraints on these two suggested mechanisms. It is argued that all suggested mechanisms are implausible. A variant of relativistic plasma emission involving large-amplitude oscillations needs to be explored as a possible alternative.
Monte Carlo Study of UAV-Measurable Albedo over Arctic Sea Ice

AbstractIn anticipation that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will have a useful role in atmospheric energy budget studies over sea ice, a Monte Carlo model is used to investigate three-dimensional radiative transfer over a highly inhomogeneous surface albedo involving open water, sea ice, and melt ponds. The model simulates the spatial variability in 550-nm downwelling irradiance and albedo that a UAV would measure above this surface and underneath an optically thick, horizontally homogeneous cloud. At flight altitudes higher than 100 m above the surface, an airborne radiometer will sample irradiances that are greatly smoothed horizontally as a result of photon multiple reflection. If one is interested in sampling the local energy budget contrasts between specific surface types, then the UAV must fly at a low altitude, typically within 20 m of the surface. Spatial upwelling irradiance variability in larger open water features, on the order of 1000 m wide, will remain apparent as high as 500 m above the su.
AXEL : Neutrinoless double beta decay search with a high pressure xenon gas Time Projection Chamber

AXEL is a high pressure xenon gas TPC detector being developed for neutrinoless double-beta decay search. It is operated at the proportional scintillation mode. We have developed a new electroluminescence light detection scheme to achieve very high energy resolution with a large detector. The detector has a capability of tracking which can be used to reduce background. The project is in a R&D phase, and we report the current status of our prototype chamber with 10 L and 4 bar Xe gas.
A Research on Immunomodulatory Potential of Methanolic Extract of Saraca indica Bark, an In-vivo Approach

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline. net 41 Rakesh Manna, Pinki Verma*, Anupam Kanti Bag Department of Pharmacology, Aditya Bangalore Institute of Pharmacy Education and Research, Bengaluru, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: vermapinki05@gmail.com
The CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING IN ART & DESIGN: PAKISTANI TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE

Globalisation has demanded expert labour markets, diversified skills, and high levels of vocational education. To refine the skills and knowledge of the people is central to gaining and sustaining economic empowerment, particularly in the context of continuing globalisation. CBT is based on specific, measurable objectives related directly to instructional activities. In favourable situations and settings, The passage discusses the effectiveness of Competency-Based Training (CBT) as a training methodology, but emphasizes that it is not the only approach to designing training. It suggests that trainers and curriculum consultants should have a clear understanding of the concept and standards underlying CBT and other curriculum models to design more effective programs. This study also highlights the significance of Art & Design Education and Training in the development of a country, and how CBT can be used to provide learners with the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitude. The success of competency training is said to depend on effective curriculum implementation. This case study explores the challenges and opportunities of Competency-Based Training in Art & Design from the perspectives of Pakistani teachers. Keywords: Globalisation, Workforce, Economic competitiveness, CBT (Competency-Based Training), Art & Design Education, Curriculum Implementation
Design and analysis of a novel rotor-segmented axial-field switched reluctance machine

As excitation strategy is influenced by the parity of phase number, and serious end effect is caused by full pitch windings adopted by the conventional rotor-segmented switched reluctance machine (RS-SRM), a novel rotor-segmented axial-field switched reluctance machine (RS-AFSRM), which adopts concentrated windings, is proposed in this paper, whose control strategy is independent of the parity of phase number. The stator of the proposed RS-AFSRM consists of inner and outer flux-conductive ring, excitation poles, and stator yoke, while the rotor consists of fan-shape cylinder-type segments. The structure and principle of the proposed machine is introduced through the magnetic circuit model of the machine. The fringing effect on air-gap field is considered. The simplified magnetic circuit considering the fringing effect is presented and the fringing effect coefficient is introduced. The design procedure considering the fringing effect through iterative modification is presented in this paper and is validated through 3D finite-element method (3D-FEM). Results show that both magnetic field distribution and operation are reasonable and satisfy the requirements.
Structure and evolution of classical Nova Shells

This thesis focuses on shells ejected during classical nova events. Novae are due to thermonuclear runaway on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. The work herein concentrates on nova shells individually to understand and unify nova shells as a whole. This thesis aims to follow the ageing process of classical nova shells from ejection to centuries post-ejection. This research was undertaken using imaging, spectroscopy and polarimetric observations, as well as morphology, kinematic and photoionisation simulations. The three main results chapters in this thesis integrate the methods listed above to follow the ageing process of expanding nova shells. The first results chapter focuses on the shell of V5668 Sagittarii (2015) from 0 822 days post-discovery. A main finding from the examination was that V5668 Sagittarii displays O ii rather than N iii flaring around the 4640 Å region. This flaring episode has been commonly seen but misidentified in erupting slow nova systems. A symmetry discovered in the expanding nova shell of GK Persei (1901) is presented in the second results chapter. The revealed shaping of knots in the GK Persei nova shell are attributed to fast chasing dwarf nova winds. In addition, the velocity is determined for the first time of the only known apparent jet in a classical nova system. The low velocity of the apparent jet is attributed to an illuminated lobe of the fossil planetary nebula within which the GK Persei shell resides. The third results chapter includes: the discovery of two shells around known nova producing systems, a time evolution analysis of four of the better-studied classical nova shells, and the finding what could be a nested shell structure from multiple nova ejection episodes. A common axial-
Recovery of geochemical processes in komatiites using linear algebraic methods

The metasomatic reactions responsible for the mineralogical and chemical alteration of komatiites have not been fully identified. The geochemical effects of these reactions inhibit recovery of the nature and extent of magmatic processes recorded by komatiite rocks. Metasomatism is a challenge in lithogeochemical research because protolith variability and metasomatism together define high-dimensional geochemical spaces. Standard methods that require a conserved element are of limited use, as conserved elements may not be present. This work develops and applies linear algebraic techniques to test mass transfer hypotheses against whole rock compositions without assumptions of elemental behaviour. The methods enabled quantification of the stoichiometry and the relative effects of magmatic and metasomatic processes in komatiites. Such processes include magmatic differentiation, serpentinization, and breakdown of clinopyroxene to actinolite. Three main findings are: (1) geochemical and petrological evidence exists for within-flow differentiation and the possibility of lateral continuity between komatiite and komatiitic basalt flows; (2) serpentinization occurred neither by isochemical nor fully metasomatic processes in a lava flow from Pyke Hill in the Abitibi greenstone belt; and (3) small magnitudes of metasomatic reactions are sufficient to modify primary geochemical signals, such that their neglect in geochemical interpretation could lead to incorrect conclusions. Future studies could delve deeper into the possibility of lateral continuity between komatiites and komatiitic basalts, and expand determination of viable serpentinization reactions to a wider range of localities and lithologies.