Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Classification Data Mining C4.5 and Naïve Bayes Algorithms of EDM Dataset

The purpose of this research is to choose the best method by comparing two classification methods of data mining C4.5 and Naïve Bayes on Educational Data Mining, in which the data used is student graduation data consisting of 79 records. Both methods are tested for validation with 10-ford X Validation and perform a T-Test difference test to produce a table that contains the best method ranking. Different results were obtained for each method. Based on the results of these two methods, it is very influential on the dataset and the value of the area under curve in the Naïve Bayes method is better than the C4.5 method in various datasets. Comparison of the method with the 10-Ford X Validation test and the T-Test difference test is that the Naïve Bayes method is better than C4.5 with an average accuracy value of 73.41% and an under-curve area of 0.664.
Neuartiger Mode-Locking-External-Cavity-Laserdiodensensor zur absoluten Positionsmessung von rauen Oberflächen (Novel Mode-Locking External Cavity Laser Diode Sensor for the Absolute Position Measurements of Rough Surfaces)

Abstract Konventionelle optische Sensoren nutzen Messeffekte außerhalb der Lichtquelle. Bei dem vorgestellten Lasersensor wird demgegenüber das Messobjekt in einen Fabry–Perot-Laserresonator integriert. Dabei ist die technische Oberfläche des Messobjektes als externer Reflektor des Resonators aufzufassen. Die gesuchte Abstandsinformation wird damit der Laseremission direkt aufgeprägt und steht über die Messung des longitudinalen Modenabstands zur Verfügung. Der realisierte Mode-Locking-External-Cavity-Laserdiodensensor erlaubt axiale, absolute Positionsmessungen mit Mikrometerauflösung und weist als Vorteil eine hohe Messdatenrate auf. Die Anwendungen liegen beispielsweise in der Qualitätskontrolle bei der Lasermaterialbearbeitung und von Schleifprozessen.
An Update on Cephenemyiosis in the European Roe Deer: Emergent Myiasis in Spain

Simple Summary Cephenemyiosis is a myiasis developing in the nasal cavity and pharynx of roe deer; it is widely spread in the range of distribution of this ungulate in Europe. In the last decade, this myiasis is expanding its distribution along its southernmost and northernmost range margins in Europe; thus, it is of the utmost importance to unravel all the epidemiological and clinical aspects of this myiasis, as well as implementing surveillance measures including reliable and non-invasive diagnostic techniques to monitor its expansion and adaptation to different ecosystems and/or hosts and to reduce the negative impact on roe deer populations. Abstract Cephenemyia stimulator is a Palearctic species developing in the nasal cavity and pharynx of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). It is widely spread in the range of distribution of this ungulate in Europe. Since the first report of C. stimulator in Spain in 2001, a rapid geographic expansion has been observed, first in the north of the country, with high prevalence and intensities of infestation that caused some mortal cases, and, lately, also in Extremadura and Andalucía, the southernmost populations of European roe deer. These observations suggest an adaptation of this parasite to different ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula. Almost simultaneously, C. stimulator is also expanding its range to northern Europe, with the first cases being reported in Sweden. Thus, Cephenemyia stimulator may be an example of a parasite currently displaying distributional changes along its southernmost and northernmost range margins. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to unravel all the epidemiological and clinical aspects of this myiasis, as well as implementing surveillance measures including reliable and non-invasive diagnostic techniques to monitor its expansion and adaptation to different ecosystems and/or hosts and to reduce the negative impact on roe deer populations.
Electron and hole mobility in silicon at large operating temperatures. I. Bulk mobility

In this paper, an experimental investigation on high-temperature carrier mobility in bulk silicon is carried out with the aim of improving our qualitative and quantitative understanding of carrier transport under ESD events. Circular van der Pauw patterns, suitable for resistivity and Hall measurements, were designed and manufactured using both the n and p layers made available by the BCD-3 smart-power technology. The previous measurements were carried out using a special measurement setup that allows operating temperatures in excess of 400/spl deg/C to be reached within the polar expansions of a commercial magnet. A novel extraction methodology that allows for the determination of the Hall factor and drift mobility against impurity concentration and lattice temperature has been developed. Also, a compact mobility model suitable for implementation in device simulators is worked out and implemented in the DESSIS/spl copy/ code. Comparisons with the mobility models by G. Masetti et al. (1983) and D.B. M. Klaassen (1992) are shown in the temperature range between 25 and 400/spl deg/C.
Flywheel energy storage system design for distribution network

It is necessary to install flywheel energy storage (FES) systems in distribution networks, which can improve the quality and supplying reliability of electric power. In this paper, a 10 MJ FES system is designed, the power of which can reach 10 kW. The FES system is composed of four parts: (1) flywheel; (2) bearing; (3) motor/generator; and (4) AC power converter. The AC power converter consists of two inverters, one for the motor/generator and the other for power systems, both of which are controlled through a microprocessor controller. The control method is discussed in detail. During the storage period, the AC power converter makes sine waveform currents to accelerate the flywheel. At the generating times, the flywheel decelerates and returns energy to the DC bus and in the meantime the AC power converter transform the DC energy into 50 Hz alternating currents for power systems. The amplitude and the phase of the AC voltage for distribution systems can be modulated respectively, so the voltage of distribution network could be controlled in any case. The microprocessor controller uses the SPWM method to control the AC power converter and a SPWM control waveform measured by oscilloscope is given. The FES system is superior to any other energy storage system in that it has high efficiency, high SED, long life and no pollution to the environment. The FES system can be installed at the customer's site and does not require any new transmission facilities.
Design and evaluation of distributed wide-area on-line archival storage systems

As the amount of digital assets increase, systems that ensure the durability, integrity, and accessibility of digital data become increasingly important. Distributed on-line archival storage systems are designed for this very purpose. This thesis explores several important challenges pertaining to fault tolerance, repair, and integrity that must be addressed to build such systems. The first part of this thesis explores how to maintain durability via fault tolerance and repair and presents many insights on how to do so efficiently. Fault tolerance ensures that data is not lost due to server failure. Replication is the canonical solution for data fault tolerance. The challenge is knowing how many replicas to create and where to store them. Fault tolerance alone, however, is not sufficient to prevent data loss as the last replica will eventually fail. Thus, repair is required to replace replicas lost to failure. The system must monitor and detect server failure and create replicas in response. The problem is that not all server failure results in loss of data and the system can be tricked into creating replicas unnecessarily. The challenge is knowing when to create replicas. Both fault tolerance and repair are required to prevent the last replica from being lost, hence, maintain data durability. The second part of this thesis explores how to ensure the integrity of data. Integrity ensures that the state of data stored in the system always reflects changes made by the owner. It includes non-repudiably binding owner to data and ensuring that only the owner can modify data, returned data is the same as stored, and the last write is returned in subsequent reads. The challenge is efficiency since requiring cryptography and consistency in the wide-area can easily be prohibitive. Next, we exploit a secure log to efficiently ensure integrity. We demonstrate how the narrow interface of a secure, append-only log simplifies the design of distributed wide-area storage systems. The system inherits the security and integrity properties of the log. We describe how to replicate the log for increased durability while ensuring consistency among the replicas. We present a repair algorithm that maintains sufficient replication levels as machines fail. Finally, the design uses aggregation to improve efficiency. Although simple, this interface is powerful enough to implement a variety of interesting applications. Finally, we apply the insights and architecture to a prototype called Antiquity. Antiquity efficiently maintains the durability and integrity of data. It has been running in the wide area on 400+ PlanetLab servers where we maintain the consistency, durability, and integrity of nearly 20,000 logs totaling more than 84 GB of data despite the constant churn of servers (a quarter of the servers experience a failure every hour).
New accurate analytical analyses of shielded planar transmission lines

In order to calculate the quasi‐static TEM parameters of shielded coupled coplanar waveguides (SC CPWs) and shielded broadside‐coupled coplanar waveguides (SBC CPWs), closed‐form analytical formulas are obtained and presented using conformal‐mapping techniques. The variation of electrical parameters with respect to different physical dimensions is observed for each type of transmission lines under investigation. The obtained results are also confirmed by comparison with the results in the literature. Further verification has been realized via Sonnet electromagnetic‐circuit solver software. The proposed method in this study is thus well proved by these compared results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1079–1085, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21606
Smart Ternary Strategy in Promoting the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells Based on Bulk-Heterojunction or Layer-By-Layer Structure.

Although the rapid development of polymer solar cells (PSCs) has been achieved, it is still a great challenge to explore efficient ways for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs from materials and device engineering. Ternary strategy has been confirmed as an efficient way to improve PCE of PSCs by employing three kinds of materials. In this work, one polymer donor PM6, and two non-fullerene materials N3 and MF1 are selected to prepare ternary PSCs with layer-by-layer (LbL) or bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure. The LbL and BHJ-PSCs exhibit PCEs of 16.75% and 16.76% with 15 wt% MF1 content in acceptors, corresponding to over 5% or 4% PCE improvement compared with N3-based binary PSCs with LbL or BHJ structure. The PCE improvement is mainly attributed to the fill factor enhancement from 73.29% to 76.95% for LbL-PSCs or from 74.13% to 77.51% for BHJ-PSCs by employing the ternary strategy. This work indicates that ternary strategy has great potential in preparing highly efficient LbL-PSCs via simultaneously optimizing molecular arrangement and the thickness of each layer.
The Effects of Vibration on Manual Control Performance

A simple systems approach is used to derive a basic framework for the effects of vibration on human operator performance. This framework is applied to an investigation of co-ordinated manual tracking during vibration. An experiment is described in which twelve subjects were required to perform zero order pursuit tracking of a quasi-random forcing function in a horizontal axis with freo-moving and spring centred control levers. The seated subjects were exposed to four conditions of vertical vibration by means cf a flat, hard seat. Each vibration condition consisted of a combination of three sinusoids (3, 5 and 8 Hz), each of equal acceleration amplitude (either 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 m/s2rms). Performance was measured in terms of information channel capacity and frequency dependent error. The frequency dependent measures wero used to distinguish error due to direct transmission of vibration to the control from that due to other sources. Vibration transmitted directly to the control caused only a small proportio.
Artificial nest usage patterns of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) released in natural habitat

Abstract Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) is an endangered nocturnal flying mammal inhabiting the conserved forests in the Korean Peninsula. This study investigated the artificial nest usage patterns of a released Siberian flying squirrel individual and other wild species inhabiting the area using trail cameras. Our observations indicated that the released Siberian flying squirrel preferred artificial nests with an entrance diameter of 4 cm rather than 6.5 cm installed in the study area. Additionally, the Siberian flying squirrel used at least four nests. During winter, Eurasian nuthatch bird species competed with the Siberian flying squirrel for the nests. Therefore, to reduce competition for nests, further research on the nest entrance size, nest depth, and insulation material preferred by the Siberian flying squirrels and Eurasian nuthatch birds is necessary. This study provides significant information on whether artificial nests installed in areas, where rescued Siberian flying squirrels are released, can be used as early nesting sites by the Siberian flying squirrels to facilitate their easy re-settlement in the natural habitats.
All‐Slot‐Die‐Coated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Conditions with Chlorine Additives

Large‐scale solution printing perovskite photovoltaics is one of the key technological advantages in comparison to the manufacturing of wafer‐based solar cells (Si, GaAs, etc.). Herein, all‐slot‐die‐coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in p–i–n (inverse) configuration with a process fully performed out of the glove box in ambient conditions are demonstrated. The successful implementation of the approach is demonstrated for devices based on the MAPbI3 and CsFAPbI3 perovskite absorbers with four slot‐die‐coated layers—NiO x /perovskite/PCBM/BCP. Noticeably, the use of Cl‐containing additives MACl and FACl in combination with vacuum quenching is found to be essential for the reproducible and controllable crystallization of the perovskite films. Moreover, vacuum quenching shows beneficial results also for the morphology of thin electron transporting layers—PCBM (40 nm) and BCP (11 nm). Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the all‐slot‐die‐coated PSCs reaches the level of >16% for MAPbI3 and >17% for CsFAPbI3‐based devices. Slot‐die coating fabrication is successfully upscaled for minimodules (total active area 2.1 cm2), which demonstrates up to 14.9% of PCE. This result demonstrates the high potential of the slot‐die printing for sheet‐to‐sheet fabrication of PSCs and unravels the specifics for each functional layer in the p–i–n device.
Review of Ultrasonic Phased Arrays for Pressure Vessel and Pipeline Weld Inspections

Major improvements in weld inspection are obtained using Phased Array technology with capability for beam steering, electronic scanning, focusing, and sweeping the ultrasonic beams. Electronic scanning is much faster than raster scanning, and can optimize angles and focusing to maximize defect detection. Pressure vessel (PV) inspections typically use “top, side, end” or “top, side, TOFD” views, though other imaging is possible. Special inspections can be performed, e.g., for specific defects, or increased coverage. Defects can be sized by pulse-echo as per code, by time-of-flight Diffraction or by back diffraction. New PV inspection codes, particularly ASME Code Case 2235, permit the use of advanced ultrasonic inspection techniques. Pipeline girth weld inspections use a unique inspection approach called “zone discrimination,” and have their own series of codes. While similar equipment is used in pipeline as in PV inspections, the pipeline philosophy is to tailor the inspection to the weld profile and predicted lack of fusion defects. Pipeline displays are specifically designed for near real-time data analysis. Both ASME CC 2235 and the pipeline codes permit the use of Fitness-For-Purpose, which reduces construction costs. Overall, phased array systems meet or exceed all PV and pipeline codes.
Humidity sensor based on photonic crystal fibre interferometer

A photonic crystal fibre interferometer that operates in reflection mode for humidity detection is presented for the first time, which has the advantage that it does not require the use of any hygroscopic material. The fabrication of the sensor head is therefore simple since it only involves cleaving and splicing. The all-silica nature of the device has potential for many applications.
New Rating Indices for Gear Noise Based Upon Vibro-Acoustic Measurements

Presentation d'une nouvelle methode de calcul d'indices de ponderation subjectifs pour le «gemissement» d'engrenages, a l'aide de descripteurs frequentiels objectifs obtenus par des mesures vibroacoustiques en bande fine (pression acoustique rayonnee ou niveaux d'acceleration). Utilisation de moyennes spatiales, spectrales et temporelles pour obtenir les incides finaux. Application du cas de la boite de vitesses et a d'autres cas similaires acoustiquement
Features Of The Development Of Coping Behavior In Adolescence And Adolescence

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of the development of coping behavior in adolescence and adolescence. The authors conducted a philosophical and psychological-pedagogical analysis of the problem of coping and concluded that one way or another coping behavior is a person's skill not only to adapt to crises, but also to find the most optimal ways out of them, through the mental resources of the person himself: temperament, defense mechanisms, life experience, etc. To create optimal psychological and pedagogical conditions in the university, contributing to the formation of this significant ability in future specialists, a careful analysis of the terms “coping behavior” and “coping” is necessary. Having analyzed the above approaches to defining coping behavior, the author concluded that one way or another coping behavior is a person's skill not only to adapt to crises but also to find the most optimal ways out of them, through the mental resources of the person himself: temperament, defense mechanisms, life experience, etc. Having received, processed, and analyzed all the research data, we can say that with age, the indicators of the preference for using coping behavior strategies can change, under the influence of such factors as personal characteristics of a person and experience gained in the process of life. The data obtained can be considered in the organization of special psychological and pedagogical conditions in the educational process of students enrolled in the training direction 44.03. 02 Psychological and pedagogical education.
Single-Layer MoS2-MoO3-x Heterojunction Nanosheets with Simultaneous Photoluminescence and 
Co-Photocatalytic Features

Single-layer MoS2-MoO3-x heterojunction nanosheets with visible-light-sensitive band gap energy and average lateral dimensions of ~70 nm were synthesized by using a two-step combined exfoliation method. The exfoliation was initiated from pristine MoS2, while some sulfur sites in expanded MoS2 sheets during exfoliating were substituted by ambient non-thermal oxygen, resulting in formation of α-MoO3-x crystalline domains. The morphological features, crystalline structure, phase formation, number of layers, and optical properties of the MoS2-MoO3-x nanosheets were determined by atomic force microscopy; X-ray diffraction; field emission electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; and Raman, UV–visible–NIR, diffuse transmittance, and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The produced α-MoO3-x domains displayed a narrower indirect band gap energy (~1.95 eV) than that of stoichiometric MoO3 (~3 eV), and a broad light absorption range from visible to near-infrared region can act as a plasmonic material facilitating the separation of the photoinduced carriers and enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the MoS2 domain, having ~1.75(2.16) eV indirect (direct) band gap energy. In this regard, the MoS2-MoO3-x heterojunction nanosheets showed single-layer-based excitation-dependent luminescence emissions and visible-light-induced photocatalytic features, at the same time. This study can contribute to promising applications of sheet-like nanomaterials for purposes requiring simultaneous photoluminescence and photocatalytic features, such as in-vivo monitoring and targeting
The Upgrade Methods of the Pneumatic Actuator Operation Ability

The article contains information about the function and basic properties of the actuator based on pneumatic artificial muscles. It describes the design method of control structure of such actuator and shows the configuration of the non-linear actuator together with non-linear (compensation) control unit. The second upgrading method is based on the other mechanical configuration of the actuator. The artificial muscle force is transmitted by free pulley and has the practically linear static characteristic. The resulting position servosystem with linearized overall static characteristics has favorable results and better operation abilities. They are presented by experimentally measured step responses.
Economic Effect Analysis of Coupon Marketing Strategy——Based on Two-stage Game Model

The essence of the use of coupons is price discrimination that enterprises implement for different consumers. This paper studies the pricing equilibrium that companies use coupons from the game point of view. The research finds that in the oligopolistic market with transfer costs, the transfer cost urges the enterprises to use the coupons to differentiate the old and new consumers. And there was positive correlation between the discount rate of coupons and the transfer cost. In addition, this paper studies two kind of utility of coupons on enterprise: the competition utility and promotion utility of the oligarchs. Research shows that coupons increase the total utility of the enterprise.
The role of Knowledge Management on Achieving Strategic Success (An empirical study from perspectives of a sample of Managers in Private Banks in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq)

This study aims to identify the role of knowledge management through its dimensions (knowledge creation, storage knowledge, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, technology knowledge, and knowledge team) on achieving strategic success based on the attitudes of a sample of managers in a number of private banks in the Erbil city Kurdistan region of Iraq. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was constructed consisting of (40) questions distributed to a sample of (80) managers and supervisors, (76) of which were returned, while (69) were valid for statistical analysis. The main objectives of this study is to design a default model and test in the study field in order to understand how well managers can implement the knowledge management to achieve the strategic success. This study found that knowledge management has an impact on achieving strategic success according to the study samples perspectives. Based on the results, the study presents a set of recommendations regarding the knowledge management which most importantly that the private banks should adopt in a logical sequence that could contribute in achieving strategic success supportive of enabling an environment to the practice of radical changes.