Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong motion duration and earthquake magnitude relationships

Earthquake duration is the total time of ground shaking from the arrival of seismic waves until the return to ambient conditions. Much of this time is at relatively low shaking levels which have little effect on seismic structural response and on earthquake damage potential. As a result, a parameter termed ``strong motion duration`` has been defined by a number of investigators to be used for the purpose of evaluating seismic response and assessing the potential for structural damage due to earthquakes. This report presents methods for determining strong motion duration and a time history envelope function appropriate for various evaluation purposes, for earthquake magnitude and distance, and for site soil properties. There are numerous definitions of strong motion duration. For most of these definitions, empirical studies have been completed which relate duration to earthquake magnitude and distance and to site soil properties. Each of these definitions recognizes that only the portion of an earthquake record which has sufficiently high acceleration amplitude, energy content, or some other parameters significantly affects seismic response. Studies have been performed which indicate that the portion of an earthquake record in which the power (average rate of energy input) is maximum correlates most closely with potential damage to stiff nuclear power plant structures. Hence, this report will concentrate on energy based strong motion duration definitions.
Developing robotic behavior using a genetic programming model

This report describes the methodology for using a genetic programming model to develop tracking behaviors for autonomous, microscale robotic vehicles. The use of such vehicles for surveillance and detection operations has become increasingly important in defense and humanitarian applications. Through an evolutionary process similar to that found in nature, the genetic programming model generates a computer program that when downloaded onto a robotic vehicle`s on-board computer will guide the robot to successfully accomplish its task. Simulations of multiple robots engaged in problem-solving tasks have demonstrated cooperative behaviors. This report also discusses the behavior model produced by genetic programming and presents some results achieved during the study.
Äldreriktat tal på boenden för äldre : Förekomst och karaktäristik

Aldreriktat tal avser kommunikationsanpassningar gentemot aldre liknande de som gors till sma barn. Anpassningarna sker inom flera sprakliga domaner och ar en del av aldres kommunikativa miljo. Amn .
Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Alters Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Immunity and Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

Background: Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as antipyretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent in China. However, few studies have evaluated the positive effects of MCR, as a new feed additives, on alleviating weaning stress and improving intestinal health and microbiom in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary MCR supplementation on serum antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, anti-inflammatory mechanism, and microbiota in weaned piglets.Results: Supplemental 2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg MCR increased (P < 0.05) the final body weight, ADG and ADFI of weaned piglets, and 2000 mg/kg MCR diet significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the F/G ratio and increased (P < 0.05) serum catalase activity compared with CON group. Also, the villus height and crypt depth in the ileum and the concentrations of total SCFA, acetic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in the colonic contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the 2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg MCR diets than CON group. Dietary MCR supplementation at 4000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidative capability and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of Interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the jejunum and ileum. Supplemental 8000 mg/kg MCR had the higher total antioxidative capability and catalase activity in the serum but decreased (P < 0.05) the villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum compared with the CON group. MCR addition reduced (P < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde content, and tended to increase the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 in the ileum (P = 0.066) compared to the CON group. Microbiota sequencing identified the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species), the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were increased (P < 0.05), and the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcus were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR supplemented. Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR treatment. Conclusions: In antibiotic-free diets, MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, alleviated intestinal inflammatory by inhibiting IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.
Hybrid Er-doped fibre amplifiers at 980-1480 nm for long distance optical communications

The design and performance evaluation of two hybrid erbium doped fibre amplifiers (HEDFAs), pumped simultaneously by 980 and 1480 nm diode pump lasers, are reported. Among other features, these HEDFAs exhibit a flat gain spectrum (+17 dBm output saturated power) with a 1 dB bandwidth in excess of 35 nm which make them attractive as power boosters. Subsequently, we demonstrate the use of one of these HEDFA structures as an efficient power (post) amplifier module in a 300 km point to point transmission system experiment at 622 Mbit/s, with a −43 dBm receiver sensitivity at a bit error rate of 10−13.
A unity power factor forward converter

A novel means of obtaining sinusoidal, unity power factor input currents in switched mode power supplies using minimum additional components is presented. The converter is topologically equivalent to a boost converter cascaded by a forward power converter, but is realized using only a single power stage. A detailed analysis of the operation is presented. A constant frequency current mode control provides excellent transient performance at the output and sinusoidal input currents at the input. Various tradeoffs involved in the design of the converter elements and control parameters are discussed in depth. All the results are backed up by experimental waveforms from a laboratory converter. <<ETX>>
Assistive Technology: Essential Human Factors

Each chapter concludes with "Some Final Comments" and/or "Study Questions. " Preface and Acknowledgments. 1.Why a Book on Human Factors in Assistive Technology? "Jim" - A Case Example to Begin. The Importance of Human Factors. Resources in Human Factors. 2.Tools, Transparency, and Assistive Technology. Who Are Tool Users? Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque Assistive Technologies. Assistive Technology: Special Tools for Special People? A Brief History of Assistive Technology. Component Areas of Assistive Technology. Who Are the Primary Users of Assistive Technology? The Professionals and Others Who Work with Assistive Technology Who Uses Assistive Technology? Case Examples. 3.What Are Human Factors? Background. Human Factors in Assistive Technology. Human Factors in Daily Life. A Quick Human Factors Quiz - Some Practical Realities. Essential Areas of Human Factors in AT: Details and Case Examples. A Framework for Understanding Human Factors in AT: Baker's Basic Ergonomic Equation. 4.Human Factors and Assistive Technology Goals. Human Factors and Intents of Assistive Technology. Details and Applications of Baker's Basic Ergonomic Equation. 5.Essential Human Factors in Assistive Technology. Specific Human Factors is AT. 6.Switches and Controls: The Pass Keys to Assistive Technology. Switches and Controls: Definitions and Examples. Specific Human Factors Regarding Switches and Controls. A Brief International Perspective on Switches and Controls. Assistive Technology and Fitts' Law. 7.CRT, LCD, and LED Screens: The Gateways to Assistive Technology. How Screens Work - A Brief Overview. Screens in Everyday Life. Essential Human Factors Related to Screens. 8.AT Levels, Technological Literacy, and Life Span Issues. Levels of Assistive Technology. Toward Technological Literacy. Components of AT Diagnosis and Intervention. Technology Issues Across the Life Span. 9.Why AT Fails: A Human Factors Perspective. Factors Related to the People Who Surround the AT User. Factors Related to the AT User. Factors Related to the AT Device Itself. Appendix: Resources for More Information on Human Factors and Assistive Technology. Glossary. References. Index.
Theoretical analysis and numerical verification of waveguide‐type directional coupler constructed into thin double‐layer dielectric substrate

The waveguide‐type directional couplers constructed into double‐layer thin dielectric substrates have been investigated in this article. Based on coupling theory, the theoretical formulas of coupling factor and isolation for directional couplers with two different coupling structures have been derived. Good agreement between calculation and numerical simulations can be observed well, demonstrating the validity and accuracy of our formulas. These theoretical formulas are expected to find possible applications in the design of integrated direction couplers in LTCC or multilayer PCB technologies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1397–1402, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23380
Performance Evaluation Criterion at Equal Pumping Power for Enhanced Performance Heat Transfer Surfaces

The existing equations for the thermal performance evaluation, at equal pumping power for the artificially roughened and smooth surfaced multitube and rectangular duct heat exchangers, have been critically reviewed because the literature survey indicates that a large number of researchers have not interpreted these equations correctly. Three of the most widely used equations have been restated with clearly defined constraints and conditions for their application. Two new equations have been developed for the design constraints not covered earlier.
The Top 100 Most Highly Cited Original Articles on Immune and Gut Microbiota

BackgroundCrosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host immune system is related to multiple diseases, and in recent years, this crosstalk has gradually become a research hotspot. Because the research involves many diseases, the mechanisms are extremely complicated, so both the screening out of the high-quality articles from the massive amount of literature and the in-depth interpretation of their data are helpful in guiding the direction of research.MethodsIn this study, the top 100 most highly cited original articles were obtained from a total of 43,858 papers. According to the number of citations in the Web of Science database, the results are sorted in descending order. One may download the data obtained by Web of Science into tab-delimited (Win) format and import it into VOSviewer (Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands) for subsequent bibliometric analysis. We summarized the country, institution, journal, author and other indicators for all publications. Through the online bibliometric platform, we analyzed the publication volume and growth trends for different countries/regions. VOSviewer was used to classify keywords into different clusters based on co-occurrence analysis and color them according to the time course. ResultsThe number of citations for each article ranged from 914 to 5,460, and the most cited manuscript was written by PJ Turnbaugh and RE Ley. Washington University, the University of Colorado and Harvard University performed well in terms of the quality and quantity of publications. Manuscripts in NATURE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and SCIENCE were the most influential. In addition, we identified six clusters of hotspots in the field of gut microbiota and immunity research.ConclusionsObesity and diabetes are the diseases most related to the gut microbiota, and their pathogenesis may be associated with a change in intestinal wall permeability and an imbalance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes. The balance of energy metabolism plays a key role in the crosstalk between host immunity and intestinal microbiota.
ENGINEERING SPORT SAFETY: A STUDY OF EQUESTRIAN CROSS COUNTRY EVENTING

OF THESIS ENGINEERING SPORT SAFETY: A STUDY OF EQUESTRIAN CROSS COUNTRY EVENTING The sport of equestrian cross country eventing has seen many serious and even fatal injuries due to rotational horse falls in recent years. The sport originally consisted of horse and rider teams jumping stationary, wood fences. However, in a move towards increasing safety for horses and riders, frangible and deformable safety devices have been emerging in the field. This thesis provides an overview of safety designs that are currently available and those that are on the horizon. Also, a path-finder method of evaluating and developing safety fence designs was outlined and applied to two distinct designs, a hinged gate and a collapsible table fence. A full size prototype of the hinged gate was constructed and tested in the field in two different locations. The collapsible table fence design was developed and then a 1⁄2 geometric scale prototype was constructed to demonstrate design feasibility and to analyze design development challenges.
A Risk Model by Fitting Function for the Wastewater of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry

a risk model to assess the environmental risk of wastewater from the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturers was set to cope with the increasing pollution. The Klebsiella planticola was selected as the indicator because of the sensitive reaction of its mass growth, the highest correlationship(r=0.989) with significance (P=0.001＜0.01) along with the change of the wastewater’s concentrations and the perfect coefficient of fitting function (R2=1). The dose-effective relationship among microbial indicator and pollutants, which was analyzed and verified, was adopted to generate a fitting function. The fitting function equation was y=-0.945x4+0.971x3+0.314x2-0.114x +0.301; Thus, different risk levels were divided: No risk (0.2973≤OD600≤0.3010), Low risk (0.3010＜OD600＜0.4325, 0.1505＜OD600＜0.2973), Medium risk (0.4325≤OD600＜0.5640, 0.1505≤OD600＜0), High risk (0.5640≤OD600, OD600≤0.000). The sensitivity and precision of the risk assessment model could be guaranteed by the characteristics of the microbial indicator
Simultaneous three‐channel signal detection

Observers were required to detect the presence of signals presented simultaneously and independently at three separate frequencies (500, 810, and 1320 Hz). The signal at each frequency was present randomly on one‐half of the trials and was independent of the signal event at other frequencies. Signal‐frequency and two‐frequency conditions were run as comparison conditions. The two‐channel condition was identical to the one previously reported by Sorkin, Pohlmann, and Gilliom [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53, 1045–1050 (1973)] except for the frequencies used and the collection of order‐of‐report data. Several dedicated conditions were also run in which a detection response was required for only one specified frequency. A decrement in performance was observed for all the multichannel conditions compared to the single‐frequency conditions. A conditional analysis indicated that the performance decrement was a function of the signal events at the other frequencies. Some hypotheses about the origin of this cross‐frequency interference are considered. The relationship between the observers' response criteria and the order‐of‐report are discussed.
Compensation Scheme for Output Voltage Distortion in Fuel Cell Stack with Internal Humidifier

In this paper, the characteristics of portable fuel cell system are introduced and the dynamic response of output voltage of fuel cell stack with internal humidifier is analyzed. When the output of the fuel cell (FC) stack is short-circuited for humidification, the output voltage of the FC stack rapidly drops. In order to maintain the load voltage in the required range, dynamic compensation methods are proposed: 1) installing a capacitor behind the output of the FC stack; 2) utilizing the bi-directional converter. Especially, bi-directional converter is used when short of the FC output is detected or predicted by algorithm using data which is measured during previous three cycles. These methods are simulated by PSIM 9.0, then experimental results from the fuel cell system prototype verify the validity of the proposed methods.
Multiband surface‐mount chip antenna integrated with the speaker in the mobile phone

A surface‐mount chip antenna integrated with the speaker in the mobile phone for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS multiband operation is presented. The antenna is to be mounted on the top no‐ground portion of the system circuit board of the mobile phone as an internal multiband antenna, and the speaker in the mobile phone can be inset into the chip base of the antenna to achieve a compact integration of the antenna and the speaker. Moreover, the chip antenna occupies a small volume of 35.5 × 10 × 7 mm3 (about 2.5 cm3) only. Details of the proposed chip antenna are presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1126–1132, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23287
Universelle Energiekennzahlen für Deutschland

Die universellen Energiekennzahlen für Deutschland beinhalten bis dato über eine viertel Million Energieverbrauchskennzahlen von durch die BRUNATA‐METRONA‐Gruppe betreuten Mehrfamilienhäusern aus den vergangenen sechs Jahren. Ergänzt werden diese durch Energiekennzahlen aus dem privaten Einfamilienhausbereich, die das Institut für Gebäude‐ und Solartechnik der Technischen Universität Braunschweig erhoben hat. Die einheitliche Datenaufbereitung umfasst die rückwirkende Revision bzw. Normierung aller Energiekennzahlen anhand neuer ortsgenauer Klimafaktoren des Deutschen Wetterdienstes. Eine Auswahl von etwa 70.000 Energiekennzahlen gas‐ und ölbeheizter kleiner Wohngebäude bis typisch 280 m2 Nutzfläche werden gemäß ihrer Kennzahlenentwicklung nach Gebäudegröße und Nutzung als Mehrfamilienhaus oder Einfamilienhaus aufgeschlüsselt. Die Ergebnisse sollen u. a. dazu beitragen, den Heizenergieverbrauch und die Energiekennzahlverteilung des gesamten bundesdeutschen Wohnungsbestandes belastbar hochzurechnen.
Electric Load Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks and Deficit Management

An attempt is made to forecast electric load using neural networks. Neural networks represent a pattern or load shape and, in reality, perform a pattern recognition function. This pattern is based on training cases provided to the network. A strategy that uses a minimum distance measurement to identify the appropriate historical patterns of load and temperature readings is used to estimate the network weights. Most of the electrical power systems in India exhibit energy shortages. An optimization algorithm is used to periodically revise the forecasted load demand and the generating capacities to determine the electrical deficit.
Performance of Single Pass Earth-Tube Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study

A single pass earth-tube heat exchanger (ETHE) was installed to study its performance in cooling and heating mode. ETHE is made of 50 m long ms pipe of 10 cm nominal diameter and 3 mm wall thickness. ETHE is buried 3 m deep below surface. Ambient air is pumped through it by a 400 w blower. Air velocity in the pipe is 11 m/s. Air temperature is measured at the inlet of the pipe, in the middle (25 m), and at the outlet (50 m), by thermisters placed inside the pipe. Cooling tests were carried out three consecutive days in each month. On each day system was operated for 7 hours during the day and shut down for the night. Heating tests were carried out at night in January. Test results are presented in summary form for each month. Detailed analysis is presented for two months only -- May for cooling and January for heating. ETHE cools the ambient air in May by as much as 14oC. It heats the ambient air in January nights also by similar amount.
ON-LINE AND INDIRECT TOOL WEAR MONITORING IN TURNING WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: A REVIEW OF MORE THAN A DECADE OF RESEARCH

Abstract The supervision of tool wear is the most difficult task in the context of tool condition monitoring for metal-cutting processes. Based on a continuous acquisition of signals with multi-sensor systems it is possible to estimate or to classify certain wear parameters by means of neural networks. However, despite of more than a decade of intensive scientific research, the development of tool wear monitoring systems is an on-going attempt. This article aims to investigate, why it has not been possible to develop appropriate monitoring systems up to now. In order to describe the ‘state of the art’, 138 publications dealing with on-line and indirect tool wear monitoring in turning by means of artificial neural networks are evaluated. The article compares the methods applied in these publications as well as the methodologies used to select certain methods, to carry out simulation experiments, to evaluate and to present results, etc. As a conclusion, possible directions for future research in this area are pointed out. Many of the recommendations are valid for other machining processes using tools with or without defined cutting edges, too.
A self-sustaining micro thermomechanic-pyroelectric generator

Pyroelectric generators (PEGs) can be used for thermal energy harvesting and present a potential alternative to thermoelectric generators. However, in contrary to thermoelectric generators, the PEG principle requires thermal transients to stimulate the conversion process. Such suitable thermal transients are rare in nature, hindering the deployment. In this paper, we present a micro thermomechanic-pyroelectric energy generator (μTMPG) that converts a stationary spatial thermal gradient into the required transient temperature profile across the PEG. The measured power output of the μTMPG is 3 μW from a temperature difference of 79.5 K. However, with an optimized design, a power output of 39.4 mW is estimated for the same temperature difference.
A comprehensive review on management of Parkinson’s disease, inclusive of drug discovery and pharmacological approaches

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevailing neurodegenerative disorder and is indicated by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra; various categories of drugs aim to ensure the controlling of motor symptoms; nonetheless, the same will contribute to multiple side effects. This review dispatches a synopsis about physiopathology, clinical features, and etiology of PD and demonstrates the most common drug classes currently used in the management of PD as well as future treatment strategies. This review highlights the miscellaneous aims, targets, and drugs concerted during the years, for the management of PD. This assessment targets predominantly most of the drugs and chemical agents that have been used in treating PD and understanding their synthesis, uses (alone or in combination), and their imperfections. In this review, we have identified the current therapies used in treating PD patients along with the promising therapies for treatment of PD.