Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Progressive Web Apps in Mobile Development

Since there exists much fragmentation in mobile platforms, developers have searched for alternatives in cross-platform development. One new methodology called Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) aims to unify the web and native approaches by combining the best principles of both, hence bridging the gap. This research aims to analyze the applicability of PWAs as an alternative to traditional native and web app development, in order to provide developers with arguments for the consideration of a development approach and to fill the knowledge gap in academic literature concerning mobile development. By comparing the performance and energy consumption of a PWA to native and web app implementations on iOS and Android, we found that the PWA version performed similar in most cases, better in some and only worse in launch time on iOS. Hence, the methodology seems to become a viable alternative for mobile development in the context of performance and energy consumption
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Risk Factors of Parasellar Chondrosarcoma

Background: Parasellar chondrosarcomas are extremely rare. This study describes the characteristics of parasellar chondrosarcoma and analyzes the risk factors and prognosis based on the resection degree. Methods: Fifteen patients with pathologically diagnosed parasellar chondrosarcoma were retrospectively analyzed for the clinical data, surgical methods, and prognosis to identify relationships between the surgical resection degree, tumor recurrence, and imaging characteristics. Results: Twelve patients had eye dysfunction and ptosis. Differentiation from other parasellar tumors by imaging is difficult. The preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score positively correlated with the tumor resection degree (p = 0.026) and negatively correlated with the maximum tumor diameter (p = 0.001). Tumor recurrence negatively correlated with the resection degree (p = 0.009). The postoperative KPS score positively correlated with the preoperative KPS score (p < 0.001) and tumor resection degree (p = 0.026), and negatively correlated with the maximum tumor diameter (p = 0.016) and age (p = 0.047). An improved KPS score positively correlated with the tumor resection degree (p = 0.039). Patients who underwent total resection of the chondrosarcoma had longer progression-free survival than those who underwent partial resection (p = 0.0322). Conclusion: Parasellar chondrosarcomas are difficult to resect completely. Preoperative KPS score is an important factor for the degree of resection. KPS score, age, maximum tumor diameter, and resection degree may be important prognostic factors.
Think Twice: Measuring the Efficiency of Eliminating Model Biases in Question Answering

While the Large Language Models (LLMs) 001 dominate a majority of language understand-002 ing tasks, previous work shows that some of 003 these results are supported by modeling biases 004 of training datasets. Authors commonly assess 005 model robustness by evaluating their models on 006 out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets of the same 007 task, but these datasets might share the biases 008 of the training dataset. 009 We introduce a framework for finer-grained 010 analysis of discovered model biases and mea-011 sure the significance of some previously-012 reported biases while uncovering several new 013 ones. The bias-level metric allows us to as-014 sess how well different pre-trained models and 015 state-of-the-art debiasing methods mitigate the 016 identified biases in Question Answering (QA) 017 and compare their results to a resampling base-018 line. We find cases where bias mitigation hurts 019 OOD performance and, on the contrary, when 020 bias enlargement corresponds to improvements 021 in OOD, suggesting that some biases are shared 022 among QA datasets and motivating future work 023 to refine the analyses of LLMs’ robustness. 024
ESTIMATION OF THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT USING TeV OBSERVATIONS OF BL Lac OBJECTS

The very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray spectral index of high-energy peaked blazars correlates strongly with its corresponding redshift, whereas no such correlation is observed in the X-ray or GeV bands. We attribute this correlation to photon–photon absorption of TeV photons with the extragalactic background light (EBL), and utilizing this we compute the allowed flux range for the EBL, which is independent of previous estimates. The observed VHE spectrum of the sources in our sample can be well approximated by a power law, and if the de-absorbed spectrum is also assumed to be a power law, then we show that the spectral shape of EBL will be ϵn(ϵ) ∼ klog (ϵ/ϵp). We estimate the range of values for the parameters defining the EBL spectrum, k and ϵp, such that the correlation of the intrinsic VHE spectrum with redshift is nullified. The estimated EBL depends only on the observed correlation and the assumption of a power-law source spectrum. Specifically, it does not depend on the spectral modeling or radiative mechanism of the sources or on any theoretical shape of the EBL spectrum obtained through cosmological calculations. The estimated EBL spectrum is consistent with the upper and lower limits imposed by different observations. Moreover, it also agrees closely with the theoretical estimates obtained through cosmological evolution models.
Beyond Collisionless Dark Matter: Particle Physics Dynamics for Dark Matter Halo Structure

Dark matter (DM) self-interactions have important implications for the formation and evolution of structure, from dwarf galaxies to clusters of galaxies. We study the dynamics of self-interacting DM via a light mediator, focusing on the quantum resonant regime where the scattering cross section has a non-trivial velocity dependence. While there are long-standing indications that observations of small scale structure in the Universe are not in accord with the predictions of collisionless DM, theoretical study and simulations of DM self-interactions have focused on parameter regimes with simple analytic solutions for the scattering cross section, with constant or classical velocity (and no angular) dependence. We devise a method that allows us to explore the velocity and angular dependence of self-scattering more broadly, in the strongly-coupled resonant and classical regimes where many partial modes are necessary for the achieving the result. We map out the entire parameter space of DM self-interactions --- and implications for structure observations --- as a function of the coupling and the DM and mediator masses. We derive a new analytic formula for describing resonant s-wave scattering. Finally, we show that DM self-interactions can be correlated with observations of Sommerfeld enhancements in DM annihilation through indirect detection experiments.
SUPERNOVA 2003ie WAS LIKELY A FAINT TYPE IIP EVENT

We present new photometric observations of supernova (SN) 2003ie starting one month before discovery, obtained serendipitously while observing its host galaxy. With only a weak upper limit derived on the mass of its progenitor (<25 M☉) from previous pre-explosion studies, this event could be a potential exception to the “red supergiant (RSG) problem” (the lack of high-mass RSGs exploding as Type IIP SNe). However, this is true only if SN2003ie was a Type IIP event, something which has never been determined. Using recently derived core-collapse SN light-curve templates, as well as by comparison to other known SNe, we find that SN2003ie was indeed a likely Type IIP event. However, with a plateau magnitude of ∼ − 15.5 mag, it is found to be a member of the faint Type IIP class. Previous members of this class have been shown to arise from relatively low-mass progenitors (<12 M☉). It therefore seems unlikely that this SN had a massive RSG progenitor. The use of core-collapse SN light-curve templates is shown to be helpful in classifying SNe with sparse coverage. These templates are likely to become more robust as large homogeneous samples of core-collapse events are collected.
Sub-Doppler laser cooling of potassium atoms

We investigate the sub-Doppler laser cooling of bosonic potassium isotopes, whose small hyperfine splitting has so far prevented cooling below the Doppler temperature. We find instead that the combination of a dark optical molasses scheme that naturally arises in this kind of system and an adiabatic ramping of the laser parameters allows us to reach sub-Doppler temperatures for small laser detunings. We demonstrate temperatures as low as 25{+-}3 {mu}K and 47{+-}5 {mu}K in high-density samples of the two isotopes {sup 39}K and {sup 41}K, respectively. Our findings should find application to other atomic systems.
Earthquake prediction analysis: The M8 algorithm

The quality of space-time earthquake prediction is usually characterized by a two-dimensional error diagram (n,tau), where 'n' is the rate of failures-to-predict and 'tau' is the normalized measure of space-time alarm. The most interesting space measure for analysis of a prediction strategy is the rate of target events m(dg) in a sub-area 'dg'. In this case the quantity H=1-(n+tau) determines the prediction capability of the strategy. The uncertainty of m(dg) causes difficulties in estimating 'H' and the statistical significance, 'alfa', of prediction results. We investigate this problem theoretically and show how the uncertainty of the measure can be taken into account in two situations, viz., the estimation of 'alfa' and the construction of a confidence zone for (n,tau)-parameters of the random strategies. We use our results to analyse the M8 earthquake prediction algorithm.
Active Heave Compensation Control of ROVS

To keep the remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) motion unaffected by the ship's motion in the vertical direction, a nonlinear active heave compensation controller is designed in this paper. The compensation system consists mainly of an electro‐hydraulic system driven by a double rod cylinder. Based on the external model principle, an adaptive observer is proposed to asymptotically estimate the ship's heave motion represented by a set of sinusoidal signals. The hybrid control development and stability analysis are based on the Lyapunov's direct method and backstepping technique. The proposed controller forces the tracking error to globally asymptotically converge to a small zone around zero that can be reduced arbitrarily. Simulation results illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Automatic detection of melanoma by deep learning models-based feature extraction and fine-tuning strategy

Skin cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in the world. Even though melanoma accounts for a small fraction of all skin cancer types, it is currently the leading cause of skin cancer fatalities. In order to accurately identify the disease in the initial stages, dermoscopy was designed to help specialists and increase the detection rate. Deep learning has been found in recent research to be particularly beneficial in the detection of skin cancer and medical diagnostics. Within this context, we propose adopting two deep-learning algorithms to detect benign and melanoma skin conditions. The first option entails extracting features from CNN pre-trained networks and applying machine-learning classification to make predictions, while the second explores using a fine-tuning methodology combined with data augmentation. The goal of this work is to compare the two methodologies in terms of classification performance and time efficiency. A public database including dermoscopic images of melanoma and normal skin lesions is used for the experimental evaluation. The experimental evaluation reveals that pre-trained models offer superior performance in terms of accuracy and processing time.
The benefit of biomedical explorations in elderly patients with respiratory pathology and dental diseases

Some of the most common chronic respiratory diseases, incapacitating the development and quality of life of patients and directly correlated with oro-dental cavity are represented by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CPOD), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airways, in which mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes, play an important role [1]. A better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of these pathology became possible by accepting that the existence of chronic inflammation, with its variations, is reflected in the clinical condition of the elderly patients, with implications on the dental status. Therefore, the present research, using respiratory biomedical explorations, wants to establish a clinical and functional correlation in the case of elderly patients with respiratory diseases and who associate oro-dental pathologies. In the current conditions, in which the predominant viral damage is SARS-COV 2 infection, it is necessary to develop a clinical-functional algorithm to quickly establish a subsequent evolution and prognosis of elderly patients, which involve an increased predisposition to morbidity and mortality.
Recent activity on electromagnetic exposure tests with cell culture samples

The paper is aimed at reporting the recent findings of studies documenting cell cultures exposure to electromagnetic fields of various origin. Both thermal and non-thermal effects were analysed, highlighting the role of the specific absorption rate as a metric offering a common framework for comparison among different results. The main problems related to electromagnetic field exposure of cell cultures were identified as reporting accurate field magnitude and ensuring suitable environmental conditions for cell cultures in order to guarantee the reproducibility of the experiments.
Virtual Reality and Mindfulness Approaches in the Treatment of Rumination Syndrome

ABSTRACT Rumination syndrome (RS) is the repeated, effortless food regurgitation during or immediately after eating or drinking, which could be followed by rechewing, reswallowing, or spitting out of the regurgitant gastric contents. The mechanism by which RS ensues is because of the habitual contraction of the abdominal wall muscles leading to increased intra-abdominal pressure and regurgitation of gastric contents. Therefore, diaphragmatic breathing techniques and biofeedback are helpful in these patients to counteract the habitual abdominal contractions. We present a case of a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with RS unresponsive to conventional therapy (antiemetics and antispasmodics).
Neutrinos Meet Supersymmetry: Quantum Aspects of of Neutrinophysics in Supersymmetric Theories

We address the influence of quantum corrections to neutrino masses and mixings and discuss the possibilities to completely generate the flavor mixing irrespective of any tree-level flavor model. Furthermore, we describe a new class of vacua with a new minimum appearing in the standard Higgs direction. The results hint towards a charge and color breaking global minimum and therefore extend existing bounds at tree-level. Finally, we combine the discussion of vacuum stability in the MSSM with the right-handed neutrino extension. The supersymmetric version of the seesaw mechanism rescues the potential and also does not induce further instabilities neither at the SUSY scale nor at the scale of heavy neutrinos, as long as both scales are well separated. Moreover, we resolve a degeneracy in name space.
Revolutionizing our View of Protostellar Multiplicity and Disks: The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of the Perseus Molecular Cloud

There is substantial evidence for disk formation taking place during the early stages of star formation and for most stars being born in multiple systems; however, protostellar multiplicity and disk searches have been hampered by low resolution, sample bias, and variable sensitivity. We have conducted an unbiased, high-sensitivity Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) survey toward all known protostars (n = 94) in the Perseus molecular cloud (d~230 pc), with a resolution of ~15 AU (0.06") at 8 mm. We have detected candidate protostellar disks toward 17 sources (with 12 of those in the Class 0 stage) and we have found substructure on < 50AU scales for three Class 0 disk candidates, possibly evidence for disk fragmentation. We have discovered 16 new multiple systems (or new components) in this survey; the new systems have separations < 500 AU and 3 by < 30 AU. We also found a bi-modal distribution of separations, with peaks at ~75 AU and ~3000 AU, suggestive of formation through two distinct mechanisms: disk and turbulent fragmentation. The results from this survey demonstrate the necessity and utility of uniform, unbiased surveys of protostellar systems at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths.
The dynamics of pulsar glitches: contrasting phenomenology with numerical evolutions

In this paper, we consider a simple two-fluid model for pulsar glitches. We derive the basic equations that govern the spin evolution of the system from two-fluid hydrodynamics, accounting for the vortex mediated mutual friction force that determines the glitch rise. This leads to a simple ‘bulk’ model that can be used to describe the main properties of a glitch event resulting from vortex unpinning. In order to model the long-term relaxation following the glitch, our model would require additional assumptions regarding the repinning of vortices, an issue that we only touch upon briefly. Instead, we focus on comparing the phenomenological model to results obtained from time-evolutions of the linearized two-fluid equations, i.e. a ‘hydrodynamic’ model for glitches. This allows us to study, for the first time, dynamics that was ‘averaged’ in the bulk model, i.e. consider the various neutron star oscillation modes that are excited during a glitch. The hydro-results are of some relevance for efforts to detect gravitational waves from glitching pulsars, although the conclusions drawn from our rather simple model are pessimistic as far as the detectability of these events is concerned.
Fluidic Device System for Mechanical Processing and Filtering of Human Lipoaspirate Enhances Recovery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: Adipose tissue is an easily accessible source of stem and progenitor cells that offers exciting promise as an injectable autologous therapeutic for regenerative applications. Mechanical processing is preferred over enzymatic digestion, and the most common method involves shuffling lipoaspirate between syringes and filtering to produce nanofat. Although nanofat has shown exciting clinical results, the authors hypothesized that new device designs could enhance recovery of stem/progenitor cells through optimization of fluid dynamics principles, integration, and automation. Methods: The authors designed and fabricated the emulsification and micronization device (EMD) and the filtration device (FD) to replace the manual nanofat procedures. Using human lipoaspirate samples, the EMD and the FD were optimized and compared to traditional nanofat using ex vivo measurements of cell number, viability, and percentage of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. Results: The EMD produced results statistically similar to nanofat, and these findings were confirmed for a cohort of diabetic patients. Combining the FD with the EMD was superior to manually filtered nanofat in terms of both recovered cell percentages (>1.5-fold) and numbers (two- to three-fold). Differences were statistically significant for total mesenchymal stem cells and a DPP4+/CD55+ subpopulation linked to improved wound healing in diabetes. Conclusions: The new EMD and the FD improved mechanical processing of human lipoaspirate in terms of mesenchymal stem cell enrichment and number compared to traditional nanofat. Future work will seek to investigate the wound healing response both in vitro and in vivo, and to refine the technology for automated operation within clinical settings. Clinical Relevance Statement: The new devices improved mechanical processing of human lipoaspirate in terms of stem cell enrichment and number compared to traditional methods. Future work will seek to validate wound healing response and refine the technology for automated operation within clinical settings.
Hearing loss and physical function in the general population: A cross-sectional study

Objective Hearing loss is a major public health concern. Higher physical function may be related to the maintenance of hearing acuity. Therefore, this study examined the association between hearing loss and physical function in the general population. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with health checkup participants who underwent pure-tone audiometry at a regional health care center in Japan. Information for physical function included handgrip strength, vital capacity (VC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A hearing threshold of >30 dB at 1 kHz and/or >40 dB at 4 kHz in either ear was identified as hearing loss. The characteristics of the subjects were examined with stratification by sex and age group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between hearing loss and physical function with adjustments for age, body mass index and current smoking. Results Among the 4766 study subjects, 56.5% were male. The mean age was 47.7 years (SD: 13.8 years; range: 20–86 years), and the prevalence of hearing loss was 12.8% based on the definition stated above. For females, handgrip strength, VC, and FEV1 showed significant negative associations with hearing loss (multivariable-adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.691 [0.560–0.852], 0.542 [0.307–0.959], and 0.370 [0.183–0.747], respectively). These associations were not found in males. Conclusions Higher physical function was associated with a lower prevalence of hearing loss among females. This study suggests that it is important to maintain physical function for hearing loss in females. Further studies are required to investigate sex differences in the relationship between physical function and hearing loss in the general population.
Strengthen Weak Measurement with Conjugated Destructive Interference

Standard weak measurement (SWM) has been proved to be a useful ingredient for measuring small longitudinal phase shifts. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 033604 (2013)]. In this letter, we show that with specfic pre-coupling and postselection, destructive interference can be observed for the two conjugated variables, i.e. time and frequency, of the meter state. Using a broad band source, this conjugated destructive interference (CDI) can be observed in a regime approximately 1 attosecond, while the related spectral shift reaches hundreds of THz. This extreme sensitivity can be used to detect tiny longitudinal phase perturbation. Combined with a frequency-domain analysis, conjugated destructive interference weak measurement (CDIWM) is proved to outperform SWM by two orders of magnitude.
Diseased thyroid tissue classification in OCT images using deep learning: Towards surgical decision support

Intraoperative guidance tools for thyroid surgery based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) could aid distinguish between normal and diseased tissue. However, OCT images are difficult to interpret, thus, real‐time automatic analysis could support the clinical decision‐making. In this study, several deep learning models were investigated for thyroid disease classification on 2D and 3D OCT data obtained from ex vivo specimens of 22 patients undergoing surgery and diagnosed with several thyroid pathologies. Additionally, two open‐access datasets were used to evaluate the custom models. On the thyroid dataset, the best performance was achieved by the 3D vision transformer model with a Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.79 (accuracy = 0.90) for the normal‐versus‐abnormal classification. On the open‐access datasets, the custom models achieved the best performance (MCC > 0.88, accuracy > 0.96). Results obtained for the normal‐versus‐abnormal classification suggest OCT, complemented with deep learning‐based analysis, as a tool for real‐time automatic diseased tissue identification in thyroid surgery.