Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking canopy chlorophyll fluorescence with a low-cost light emitting diode platform

Abstract Chlorophyll fluorescence measured at the leaf scale through pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) has provided valuable insight into photosynthesis. At the canopy- and satellite-scale, solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) provides a method to estimate the photosynthetic activity of plants across spatiotemporal scales. However, retrieving SIF signal remotely requires instruments with high spectral resolution, making it difficult and often expensive to measure canopy-level steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence under natural sunlight. Considering this, we built a novel low-cost photodiode system that retrieves far-red chlorophyll fluorescence emission induced by a blue light emitting diode (LED) light source, for 2 h at night, above the canopy. Our objective was to determine if an active remote sensing-based night-time photodiode method could track changes in canopy-scale LED-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LEDIF) during an imposed drought on a broadleaf evergreen shrub, Polygala myrtifolia. Far-red LEDIF (720–740 nm) was retrieved using low-cost photodiodes (LEDIFphotodiode) and validated against measurements from a hyperspectral spectroradiometer (LEDIFhyperspectral). To link the LEDIF signal with physiological drought response, we tracked stomatal conductance (gsw) using a porometer, two leaf-level vegetation indices—photochemical reflectance index and normalized difference vegetation index—to represent xanthophyll and chlorophyll pigment dynamics, respectively, and a PAM fluorimeter to measure photochemical and non-photochemical dynamics. Our results demonstrate a similar performance between the photodiode and hyperspectral retrievals of LEDIF (R2 = 0.77). Furthermore, LEDIFphotodiode closely tracked drought responses associated with a decrease in photochemical quenching (R2 = 0.69), Fv/Fm (R2 = 0.59) and leaf-level photochemical reflectance index (R2 = 0.59). Therefore, the low-cost LEDIFphotodiode approach has the potential to be a meaningful indicator of photosynthetic activity at spatial scales greater than an individual leaf and over time.
Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) brood parasitism occurrence and impact increases with decreasing forest cover

ABSTRACT Cowbirds brood parasitism has a detrimental effect on the breeding success of their hosts. The occurrence of parasitism observed may be related to environmental features at landscape or nest-site scales. Such relationships have been assessed for the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in the large forests of the northern hemisphere. Here, we present a study conducted on the Shiny Cowbird (M. bonariensis) in native forests of the southern hemisphere in Argentina. These forests are characterised as semi-open woodlands, with forest fragments of variable sizes immersed in native grasslands. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Shiny Cowbird brood parasitism on the breeding success of a native passerine, the Masked Gnatcatcher (Polioptila dumicola), and to assess the relationship of its occurrence with environmental features at landscape and nest-site scales. During three breeding seasons (2015–2018) we monitored 207 gnatcatcher nests of which 70 were parasitised. Brood parasitism was the cause of nest failure in 60% of the parasitised nests. In addition, breeding success measured by apparent nest success, egg survival, hatching success and nestling survival were significantly lower for parasitised nests than for non-parasitised nests. Brood parasitism occurrence was negatively associated with forest cover, where nests located in sites with less forest cover experienced a higher occurrence of parasitism than those with greater cover. As these native semi-open forests face a continuous decline, our results add to the evidence of negative impacts of deforestation.
Desarrollo de un instrumento para la medición de la gestión del conocimiento

Hoy por hoy, las empresas que buscan dia con dia una estabilidad economica importante, han determinado la relevancia del diseno tecnologico y la innovacion que les permitan generar ventajas competitivas a nivel nacional e internacional, ambos elementos requieren en primera instancia de una gestion eficiente y eficaz del conocimiento que contribuya a sus logros. El objetivo del presente estudio es disenar un instrumento para la primera fase de una investigacion mas amplia, el cual obtendra informacion sobre la situacion de las PyMEs que integran el cluster automotriz de Guanajuato, en relacion a la gestion del conocimiento. El procedimiento para desarrollar el instrumento, fue a traves del estudio de los principales referentes teoricos sobre el tema, lo que permitio elaborar un cuestionario que a traves del metodo de expertos fue analizado, ademas de efectuar su adecuacion por medio del trabajo colaborativo. Palabras clave: Conocimiento, tecnologia, innovacion, cluster industrial, ventaja competitiva. JEL: M120, M140, O350 Knowledge Management in SMEs Guanajuato Automotive Cluster Abstract Today, companies that look out an everyday economic stability, have determined the relevance of technological design and innovation that enable them to generate national and international competitive advantage, both elements require in first instance an efficient and effective knowledge management that will contribute to their achievement. The aim of this study is to design an instrument that in a further research will be applied to obtain relevant information on the situation of the SMEs that integrate the automotive cluster of Guanajuato, in relation to knowledge management. The process to develop the instrument, was through an analysis of the main theoretical references on the subject. An initial instrument was examined by the experts method, making its adaptation through a collaborative work. KEY WORDS : Knowledge, technology, innovation, industrial cluster, competitive advantage. JEL: M120, M140, O350
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Current Understanding and Diagnostic Approaches

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a medical condition where ovarian function stops prematurely, typically before the age of 40. This condition leads to infertility and produces symptoms similar to those experienced during menopause. Although the origins of POIs are diverse, genetic elements substantially influence their emergence. This assessment delves into the genetic facets of POI, covering genetic triggers, detection, and genetic consultation. We scrutinize the genes linked to POI and their function in ovarian activity, as well as the genetic deviations and mutations that foster POI onset. We also examine the challenges and limitations of genetic testing and counseling for POI and suggest ways to address these challenges. This review offers a thorough examination of the existing understanding of the genetic factors linked to Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) emphasizing the critical need for further investigation in this field.
GEOLOGIC MAP OF WASHINGTON STATE

Sedimentary Rocks and Deposits Quaternary–Tertiary continental sedimentary rocks and deposits Tertiary continental sedimentary rocks Mesozoic continental sedimentary rocks Tertiary nearshore sedimentary rocks Mesozoic nearshore sedimentary rocks Tertiary marine sedimentary rocks Mesozoic marine sedimentary rocks Volcanic Rocks and Deposits Quaternary volcanic rocks Quaternary–Tertiary volcanic rocks Tertiary volcanic rocks, Columbia River Basalt Group Tertiary volcanic rocks Tertiary volcanic rocks, Crescent Formation Mesozoic volcanic rocks Quaternary fragmental volcanic rocks and deposits (includes lahars) Tertiary fragmental volcanic rocks Intrusive Rocks Quaternary intrusive rocks Quaternary–Tertiary intrusive rocks Tertiary intrusive rocks Tertiary–Cretaceous intrusive rocks Mesozoic intrusive rocks Paleozoic intrusive rocks Precambrian intrusive rocks Mesozoic–Paleozoic ultramafic rocks Metasedimentary and Metavolcanic Rocks Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks Paleozoic– Precambrian metasedimentary rocks Precambrian metasedimentary rocks Mesozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks Mesozoic–Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks Mesozoic metavolcanic rocks Paleozoic metavolcanic rocks Precambrian metavolcanic rocks Metamorphic Rocks (Amphibolite Facies and Higher) Mesozoic heterogeneous metamorphic rocks Mesozoic–Paleozoic heterogeneous metamorphic rocks Precambrian heterogeneous metamorphic rocks Mesozoic amphibolite Mesozoic–Paleozoic amphibolite Tertiary–Cretaceous gneiss Mesozoic gneiss Paleozoic gneiss Tertiary–Cretaceous orthogneiss Mesozoic orthogneiss Mesozoic migmatite and mixed metamorphic and igneous rocks Glaciers and ice fields
Estimated storage of amorphous silica in soils of the circum‐Arctic tundra region

We investigated the vertical distribution, storage, landscape partitioning, and spatial variability of soil amorphous silica (ASi) at four different sites underlain by continuous permafrost and representative of mountainous and lowland tundra, in the circum‐Arctic region. Based on a larger set of data, we present the first estimate of the ASi soil reservoir (0–1 m depth) in circum‐Arctic tundra terrain. At all sites, the vertical distribution of ASi concentrations followed the pattern of either (1) declining concentrations with depth (most common) or (2) increasing/maximum concentrations with depth. Our results suggest that a set of processes, including biological control, solifluction and other slope processes, cryoturbation, and formation of inorganic precipitates influence vertical distributions of ASi in permafrost terrain, with the capacity to retain stored ASi on millennial timescales. At the four study sites, areal ASi storage (0–1 m) is generally higher in graminoid tundra compared to wetlands. Our circum‐Arctic upscaling estimates, based on both vegetation and soil classification separately, suggest a storage amounting to 219 ± 28 and 274 ± 33 Tmol Si, respectively, of which at least 30% is stored in permafrost. This estimate would account for about 3% of the global soil ASi storage while occupying an equal portion of the global land area. This result does not support the hypothesis that the circum‐Arctic tundra soil ASi reservoir contains relatively higher amounts of ASi than other biomes globally as demonstrated for carbon. Nevertheless, climate warming has the potential to significantly alter ASi storage and terrestrial Si cycling in the Arctic.
Demand for non-commodity outputs from Extensive Agricultural systems

Agricultural Multifunctionality is the recognition of the joint exercise of eco nomic, environmental and social functions by this sector. In order to make this concept operative to support the design of public policies, it is necessary to es timate the social demand for such functions. The main objective of this article is to present two empirical applications in this line. For this purpose, we have adopted the agricultural system of mountain olive groves in Andalusia (South ern Spain), at risk of abandonment after the decoupling of the EU subsidies, and the agricultural system of cereal steppes in Tierra de Campos (North-west ern Spain). The economic valuation technique used is the Choice Experiment. According to the results, each attribute included in the concept of Multifunc tionality gives a different contribution to the improvement of the utility at so cial level. Thus, and taking into account its willingness to pay (WTP) for each attribute, the obtained results suggest the existence of a significant heteroge neous demand for the different functions depending on the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals surveyed.
Exploring Machine Learning Methods for IoT Network Intrusion Detection Systems

An ad hoc network is a transient network that is self-organizing and does not require any infrastructure. Therefore, the majority of its applications are in the field of military work and disaster assistance. Because of wireless connectivity and the ability to organize itself, ad hoc networks are becoming more common. Susceptible to a greater number of breaches or assaults than the conventional system. Blackhole assault is a significant routing disruption attack that a rogue node promotes itself as being capable of. as a step along the way to the final destination. In this research, we simulated a black hole using computer models. Assault in a setting with ad hoc networking, as well as data collection of important features for the purpose of classifying aggressive behaviour. Then, several different approaches to machine learning have been developed. utilized for the classification of information regarding benign and harmful packets. It seems to imply. a novel method for the selection of certain features, the gathering of crucial information, and the intrusion detection in an ad hoc network with the application of machine learning algorithms.
Innovative selective solar absorber for high vacuum flat panel

Selective Solar Absorbers (SSAs) are the critical element of high-vacuum flat plate collectors, as these are subject to elevated operating temperatures and thus experience high radiation losses. Here we design and optimize an SSA based on a multilayer design made of HfCx, Si3N4, and SiO2 layers. The structure of the proposed SSA has been optimized to maximize the solar-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency in high vacuum solar thermal panels working at 200 °C, reaching thermal emissivity values much lower than absorbers currently available on the market (<0.02 Vs >0.07) and obtaining unprecedented performances.
3D acoustic waveform inversion of land data: a case study from Saudi Arabia

Summary We present an application of time domain early arrival acoustic waveform inversion to 3D seismic land data in Saudi Arabia for the purpose of constructing a near-surface velocity model. Traditional traveltime methods for velocity estimation can be inadequate in arid environments where karst, low velocity layers, outcropping refractors, and strong velocity contrasts are common. We compare nearsurface velocity models derived from 3D traveltime tomography and 3D waveform inversion.
Carbohydrate metabolism and cytology of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat

Introduction Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important tool for hybrid heterosis utilization. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. An adequate supply of nutrients is necessary for anther development; pollen abortion would occur if the metabolism of carbohydrates were hampered. Methods In order to better understand the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism disorder and pollen abortion in S-CMS wheat, the submicroscopic structure of wheat anthers was observed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy; chloroplast proteome changes were explored by comparative proteomic analysis; sugar measuring and enzyme assays were performed; and the expression patterns of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were studied using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results These results indicated that the anther and microspore in S-CMS wheat underwent serious structural damage, including premature tapetum degeneration, nutritional shortage, pollen wall defects, and pollen grain malformations. Furthermore, the number of chloroplasts in the anthers of S-CMS lines decreased significantly, causing abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, and disintegration of osmiophilic granules and thylakoids. Meanwhile, some proteins participating in the Calvin cycle and carbohydrate metabolism were abnormally expressed in the chloroplasts of the S-CMS lines, which might lead to chloroplast dysfunction. Additionally, several key enzymes and genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were significantly inhibited in S-CMS. Discussion Based on these results, we proposed a carbohydrate metabolism pathway for anther abortion in S-type cytoplasmic male sterility, which would encourage further exploration of the pollen abortion mechanisms for CMS wheat.
Evaluation of Quality Parameters and Functional Activity of Ottobratica Extra Virgin Olive Oil Enriched with Zingiber officinale (Ginger) by Two Different Enrichment Processes during One-Year Storage

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of two enrichment processes on the quality parameters and bioactivity of Ottobratica extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with ginger during storage. The first procedure was conducted by including ginger powder with olive fruits in the malaxer, and the second by infusion into the EVOO. The obtained oils were stored at room temperature for one year in the dark and periodically analysed. To evaluate the effect on the shelf-life of flavoured olive oils (FVOOs), physical, chemical and sensory parameters were evaluated. The FVOOs were investigated for antioxidant activity through a multi-target approach. The inhibition of lipase and carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes was analysed. The addition of ginger in the malaxer generated a product that preserved the lowest values of peroxide after storage (10.57 mEq O2 kg−1) and maintained the highest α-tocopherol level (101.16 mg kg−1). The FVOOs, regardless of the enrichment technique used, showed a higher antioxidant activity than EVOO. Generally, a reduction in the inhibitory activity of the carbohydrate inhibitory enzymes was observed, especially after 60 days of storage. The addition of ginger improved the lipase inhibitory effect, especially if added during malaxation, and helped the FVOOs maintain this activity during storage.
Energy Prediction for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor: A Systematic Mapping Study

Energy prediction plays a significant role in energy-harvesting wireless sensors (EHWS), as it helps wireless sensors regulate their duty cycles, achieve energy neutrality, and extend their lifespan. To explore and analyze advanced technologies and methods regarding energy prediction for EHWS, this study identifies future research directions and addresses the challenges faced based on the current research status, assisting with future literature research. This scholarly inquiry delineates future research prospects and addresses prevailing challenges within the context of the extant research landscape, thereby facilitating prospective scholarly endeavors. This study employed the systematic mapping study (SMS) approach to screen and further investigate the relevant literature. After searching and screening for papers from the ACM, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science (WOS) databases from January 2007 to December 2022, 98 papers met the requirements of this study. Subsequently, the SMS was conducted for five research questions. The results showed that the solution proposal type category had the largest proportion among all research types, accounting for 58% of the total number, indicating that the research focusing on this field is placed on improving the existing methods or proposing new ones. Additionally, based on the SMS analysis, this study provides a systematic review of the technical utilization and improvement approaches, as well as the strengths and limitations of the selected prediction methods. Furthermore, by considering the current research landscape, this paper identifies the existing challenges and suggests future research directions, thereby offering valuable insights to researchers for making informed decisions regarding their chosen paths. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to driving advancements in the field of energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks. The importance of this study is underscored by its contribution to advancing the domain of energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks, thereby serving as a touchstone for forthcoming researchers in this specialized field.
The Role of Iron Overload in Diabetic Cognitive Impairment: A Review

Abstract It is well documented that diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly associated with cognitive decline and structural damage to the brain. Cognitive deficits appear early in DM and continue to worsen as the disease progresses, possibly due to different underlying mechanisms. Normal iron metabolism is necessary to maintain normal physiological functions of the brain, but iron deposition is one of the causes of some neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence shows that iron overload not only increases the risk of DM, but also contributes to the development of cognitive impairment. The current review highlights the role of iron overload in diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), including the specific location and regulation mechanism of iron deposition in the diabetic brain, the factors that trigger iron deposition, and the consequences of iron deposition. Finally, we also discuss possible therapies to improve DCI and brain iron deposition.
Propuesta de nuevo descriptor para la directividad de fuentes acústicas

espanolEl metodo de clasificacion propuesto por la ISO 3382 para describir la directividad de las fuentes � desviaciones en decibelios de los niveles promediados en arcos deslizantes de 30o referenciados sobre el promedio energetico en el plano de medida � puede dar lugar a conclusiones erroneas sobre su comportamiento y se ha propuesto un nuevo descriptor basado en un enfoque tridimensional. El denominado indice de directividad en la direccion de nivel maximo (DILmax) muestra (para un elevado numero de auditorios estudiados) una correlacion, entre desviacion direccional y afeccion, que mejora notablemente el valor obtenido para el caso del descriptor ISO 3382. EnglishThe classification method proposed by ISO 3382 to describe the directivity of the sources � deviations in decibels of levels when averaged over �gliding� 30o arcs referenced above the averaged energy level in the measurement plane � can lead to erroneous conclusions about their behaviour. A new descriptor based on a three dimensional approach is proposed. The directivity index in the direction of maximum level (DILmax) shows (for a large number of auditoriums analysed) a correlation between directional deviation and condition, which greatly improves the value obtained in the case of ISO 3382 descriptor.
Postseismic deformation following the 1997 Umbria‐Marche (Italy) moderate normal faulting earthquakes

We combine aftershock strain mapping, GPS measurements and leveling profiles with forward modeling of viscoelastic relaxation to study the postseismic deformation of the 1997 Umbria‐Marche (Central Apennines) earthquake sequence. We explore the feasibility of GPS monitoring of postseismic transients, for the first time in Italy, generated by shallow and moderate sources. Our data allow us to distinguish a preferred coseismic faulting model as well as insight into the rheology of the Central Apennines Earth's crust. The faulting model requires a listric geometry with most of the energy released in the lower half part of the elastic crust. The rheological model consists of an elastic thin upper crust, a transition zone of about 1018 Pa s underlain by a low‐viscosity lower crust, ranging from 1017 to 1018 Pa s. The postseismic deformation is, both distributed in the transition zone ‐ lower crust and confined to the fault zone.