Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Semantic Parsing in Understanding Procedural Text

In this paper, we investigate whether symbolic semantic representations, extracted from deep semantic parsers, can help reasoning over the states of involved entities in a procedural text. We consider a deep semantic parser~(TRIPS) and semantic role labeling as two sources of semantic parsing knowledge. First, we propose PROPOLIS, a symbolic parsing-based procedural reasoning framework.Second, we integrate semantic parsing information into state-of-the-art neural models to conduct procedural reasoning.Our experiments indicate that explicitly incorporating such semantic knowledge improves procedural understanding. This paper presents new metrics for evaluating procedural reasoning tasks that clarify the challenges and identify differences among neural, symbolic, and integrated models.
Optimal Algorithms for the Inhomogeneous Spiked Wigner Model

In this paper, we study a spiked Wigner problem with an inhomogeneous noise profile. Our aim in this problem is to recover the signal passed through an inhomogeneous low-rank matrix channel. While the information-theoretic performances are well-known, we focus on the algorithmic problem. We derive an approximate message-passing algorithm (AMP) for the inhomogeneous problem and show that its rigorous state evolution coincides with the information-theoretic optimal Bayes fixed-point equations. We identify in particular the existence of a statistical-to-computational gap where known algorithms require a signal-to-noise ratio bigger than the information-theoretic threshold to perform better than random. Finally, from the adapted AMP iteration we deduce a simple and efficient spectral method that can be used to recover the transition for matrices with general variance profiles. This spectral method matches the conjectured optimal computational phase transition.
Cross Section and Panel Data Estimators for Nonseparable Models with Endogenous Regressors

We propose two new methods for estimating models with nonseparable errors and endogenous regressors. The first method estimates a local average response. One estimates the response of the conditional mean of the dependent variable to a change in the explanatory variable while conditioning on an external variable and then undoes the conditioning. The second method estimates the nonseparable function and the joint distribution of the observable and unobservable explanatory variables. An external variable is used to impose an equality restriction, at two points of support, on the conditional distribution of the unobservable random term given the regressor and the external variable. Our methods apply to cross sections, but our lead examples involve panel data cases in which the choice of the external variable is guided by the assumption that the distribution of the unobservable variables is exchangeable in the values of the endogenous variable for members of a group. Copyright The Econometric Society 2005.
Inline Coupling of WRF–HYSPLIT: Model Development and Evaluation Using Tracer Experiments

AbstractThe Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), a Lagrangian dispersion model, has been coupled (inline) to the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model meteorological model in such a way that the HYSPLIT calculation is run as part of the WRF-ARW prediction calculation. This inline version of HYSPLIT takes advantage of the higher temporal frequency of WRF-ARW variables relative to what would be available for the offline approach. Furthermore, the dispersion calculation uses the same vertical coordinate system as WRF-ARW, resulting in a more consistent depiction of the state of the atmosphere and the dispersion simulation. Both inline and the offline HYSPLIT simulations were conducted for two tracer experiments at quite different model spatial resolutions: the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) in regional scale (at 9-km grid spacing) and the Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) in finescale (at 333.3-m grid spacing). A comparison of the mode.
Magnetic field-induced strain in iron-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS) along the [001]P (the symbol “P” represents parent phase) direction due to the conversion of martensite variants has been investigated for a disordered Fe–31.2Pd(at. %) single crystal and an ordered Fe3Pt single crystal exhibiting martensitic transformations from cubic phases to tetragonal phases at 85 and 230 K, respectively. The tetragonality c/a of Fe–31.2Pd at 77 K is 0.940 and that of Fe3Pt at 14 K is 0.945. When magnetic field is applied to the martensite phase along the [001]P direction, the specimen expands along the field direction for Fe–31.2Pd and contracts for Fe3Pt, suggesting that the c axis is the hard axis of magnetizaion for Fe–31.2Pd and is the easy axis for Fe3Pt. The conversion of variants by magnetic field is almost perfect for Fe–31.2Pd and is not perfect for Fe3Pt. The recoverable strain in the field removing process is small for Fe–31.2Pd and is about 0.6% for Fe3Pt. In the cooling process under magnetic field of 3.2 MA/m, the fraction of prefer.
Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry with 1.9 Mu-M Spatial-Resolution

An optical low coherence reflectometer is presented which uses an all-fibre Michelson interferometer with the fluorescence light of a Ti:Al2O3 crystal as a light source. The broad spectrum of the fluorescence allows a maximal spatial resolution of 1.9 μm to be reached, with a dynamic range of 80 dB.
Gastrointestinale Mikrobiota und Tumorerkrankungen – ein „pas de deux“?

Zusammenfassung Tumorerkrankungen stellen unser heutiges Gesundheitssystem vor große Herausforderungen. Das in den letzten Dekaden gewachsene pathophysiologische Verständnis der gastrointestinalen Mikrobiota und ein möglicher kausaler Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung von Malignomen rücken daher zunehmend in den Fokus der Forschung. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in zahlreiche Pathomechanismen, über die sich Mikrobiota und Malignome gegenseitig beeinflussen, und beleuchtet außerdem die Rolle der Ernährung in diesem System.
Achtsamkeit in der Onkologie

Zusammenfassung Achtsamkeit bedeutet nach Jon Kabat-Zinn, die Aufmerksamkeit auf etwas zu richten, mit Absicht, ungeteilt und ohne zu urteilen. Aus diesem ungeteilten Gegenwärtigsein entwickelt sich die Fähigkeit, möglichst vorurteilsfrei zu verweilen, zu akzeptieren. Patienten lernen, bei der momentanen Erfahrung zu verweilen, sie weder verändern noch bewerten zu wollen. Das kann v.a. bei schwierigen Situationen und schmerzhaften Erlebnissen hilfreich sein. Ein regelmäßiges Üben von Achtsamkeit kann onkologischen Patienten, aber auch ihren Ärzten helfen, die Gegenwart intensiver zu erleben und mit der schwierigen Situation zurechtzukommen.
Method for the determination of metal abundances in the galactic nuclear bulge and nearby galaxies

A nonphotometric method for the determination abundances in nearby galaxies is presented. The method involves a theoretical calibration of the observed strong correlation between the ratio of cool carbon states to M giants (C/M ratio) with metal abundance, assuming that carbon stars are internally mixed during helium shell slashes. A lower limit on the mass fraction of metals in the Galactic nuclear bulge, Z(NB)>0.05, is determined by this means from the observed C/M ratio. The same method can be applied to Local Group galaxies when C/M ratios for these galaxies become available. The sensitivity of the C/M ratio metal abundance may also affect the interpretation of galactic colors.
Register der schwierigen chirurgischen Situationen

Zusammenfassung Als schwierige chirurgische Situation wird jedes Problem, das zu einem erhöhten Risiko für intra- oder postoperative Komplikationen führen kann, bezeichnet. Bezogen auf diese Definition wurde von Korenkov et al. eine präoperative Klassifikation erweiterter intraoperativer Schwierigkeiten entwickelt. Diese Klassifikation bezieht sich auf das Ausmaß der chirurgisch-technischen Schwierigkeiten von Schweregrad 1 – technisch einfach zu operieren, bis Schweregrad 4 – jede operationstechnische Handlung ist sehr schwierig. Für die Evaluierung des Schweregrads der intraoperativen Komplikationen schlug die Arbeitsgruppe um Kaafarani die Klassifikation der intraoperativen negativen Ereignisse vor. In Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad wurden die intraoperativen Komplikationen auf 6 Klassen von der 1. (unproblematisch beseitigte Komplikationen) bis zur 6. Klasse (intraoperativer Exitus letalis) aufgeteilt. Für eine Systematisierung des Schweregrads der postoperativen Komplikationen hat sich weltweit die Klassifikation von Clavien-Dindo etabliert. In dieser Klassifikation sind die postoperativen Komplikationen von Schweregrad 1 (jede Abweichung vom normalen postoperativen Verlauf mit „minimaler“ Behandlung) bis zum Schweregrad 5 (Tod des Patienten) aufgeteilt. Gestützt auf die vorgeschlagenen Klassifikationen und auf die Problematik der individuellen Entscheidungen in der Chirurgie entstand die Grundidee, ein Register (SCS-Register) zu etablieren. Das Hauptprinzip solcher Studien ist die Ansammlung der individuellen Erfahrungen von operierenden Chirurgen. Die wissenschaftliche Analyse fokussiert sich auf die Sondersituationen, bei denen das Behandlungskonzept an die individuelle Patientensituation adaptiert war und manchmal von den gängigen Standards abwich. Die Registrierung und Bearbeitung der angemeldeten Fälle wird auf der Basis der entsprechenden IT-Plattform anonym geführt. Das Ziel dieses Registers ist, die schwierigen chirurgischen Fälle bundesweit zu sammeln, zu registrieren und zu analysieren, um für die operierenden Chirurgen eine zugängliche Datenbank zu gestalten. Dabei wird für jeden Chirurgen die Möglichkeit bestehen, nachzulesen, wie der eine oder andere Kollege in ähnlich schwierigen Situationen gehandelt hat.
Subarcsecond Resolution Observations of Sagittarius B2 at 85 GHz

We present 3 mm continuum and spectral line observations of vinyl cyanide (C2H3CN) and ethyl cyanide (C2H5CN) toward the Sgr B2 region carried out by the BIMA Array at subarcsecond resolution. These are the highest angular resolution observations ever reported for C2H3CN and C2H5CN. With an angular resolution of 0. ″8, we were able to probe physical scales only one-tenth the size of the Oort cloud. Toward Sgr B2(N-LMH), the continuum emission is dominated by the K2 source, where dust emission contributes more than 60% of the 3 mm flux. The C2H3CN and C2H5CN emission reveals outflows in the dense molecular gas around K2, while C2H5CN exists in the ambient component as well. The distribution difference appears to indicate that C2H5CN is processed into C2H3CN in shock regions presumably caused by outflows. Column densities of C2H3CN and C2H5CN are found to be at least 3 times higher than previously reported. Inferred high H2, C2H3CN, and C2H5CN column densities indicate that K2 can be the heating source for dust mantle evaporation at Sgr B2(N-LMH), the primary site of complex molecules.
A counterrotating core in IC 1459

The radio elliptical IC 1459 is shown to have a massive rapidly counterrotating stellar core. Along the major axis a strong peak in the rotational velocity is observed at a distance of 2 arcsec (0.3 kpc) from the center. The velocity reaches 170 + or - 20 km/s. The rotational velocity in the outer parts rises to 45 + or - 8 km/s, but in the opposite sense to the rotation of the center. Along the minor axis, no significant rotation is measured, neither in the center nor in the outer parts. Line profiles derived from cross-correlated spectra along the major axis in the core show a clear asymmetry. Ionized gas rotates around the minor axis in the same sense as the outer part of the galaxy. The other properties are typical of normal ellipticals. The galaxy has a regular color gradient and line strength gradient. The mass of the counterrotating component is estimated to be about 10 to the 10th solar masses. It is postulated that such a core could form, following the merger of two galaxies, either by the tidal disruption of the victim or through a starburst-like event. 27 references.
Decentralized adaptive robust control for a class of large scale systems with uncertainties in the interconnections

The problem of decentralized control is considered for a class of time-varying large scale systems with uncertainties and external disturbances in the interconnections. In this paper, the upper bounds of the uncertainties and external disturbances are assumed to be unknown. The adaptation laws are proposed to estimate such unknown bounds, and by making use of the updated values of these unknown bounds, a class of decentralized linear and non-linear state feedback controllers are constructed. It is shown that by employing the proposed decentralized non-linear state feedback controllers, the solutions of the resulting adaptive closed-loop large scale system can be guaranteed to be uniformly bounded, and the states are uniformly asymptotically stable. By using the decentralized linear state feedback controllers, one can guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness of the resulting adaptive closed-loop large scale system. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the results.
Hot Subdwarf Stars

Hot subdwarf stars (sdBs, sdOs) are core helium-burning stars at the blue end of the horizontal branch or have evolved even beyond that stage. They are found in all Galactic stellar populations and are sufficiently common to account for the UV-upturn of early-type galaxies. About half of the sdBs reside in close binaries; companions are white dwarfs or low-mass main-sequence stars. Binary population-synthesis models explain naturally the actual sdB binary fractions of field and globular cluster stars as well as of He-sdOs if white-dwarf mergers are considered. Hot helium flashes explain the chemical composition of He-sdOs. Asteroseismology of a dozen pulsating sdB stars allowed determination of their masses and detection of a planet to V391 Peg. The discoveries of an sdO star unbound to the Galaxy, potential SN Ia progenitors and probably a hidden population of neutron stars or black hole companions have great impact on astrophysics at large.
Theoretical conversion efficiency of a two-junction III-V nanowire on Si solar cell

The continuity and Poisson equations are solved numerically to obtain J-V characteristics and photoconversion efficiency of a two-junction solar cell. The cell consists of a top junction comprised of nanowires with bandgap of 1.7 eV grown on a bottom junction comprised of a Si substrate. The lattice relaxation possible in nanowires permits lattice-mismatched III-V material growth on Si, thereby achieving the optimum bandgaps in a two-junction cell. The model indicates a limiting efficiency of 42.3% under a concentration of 500 Suns (AM1.5 D spectrum). This limiting efficiency is similar to that calculated for the planar lattice-matched triple-junction Ge/InGaAs/InGaP cell. Methods of fabricating the nanowire/Si cell are discussed including requirements for nanowire sidewall surface passivation. The model indicated that passivation of the nanowire sidewall surfaces that produces a surface recombination velocity of 3000 cm·s−1 and surface trap density of 1012 cm−2 should be sufficient to yield high efficien.
Conformational switching and flexibility in cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and cryoelectron microscopy

Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) catalyzes the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3-H4folate) using the unique chemistry of its cofactor. In doing so, MetH links the cycling of S-adenosylmethionine with the folate cycle in one-carbon metabolism. Extensive biochemical and structural studies on Escherichia coli MetH have shown that this flexible, multi-domain enzyme adopts two major conformations to prevent a futile cycle of methionine production and consumption. However, as MetH is highly dynamic as well as both a photosensitive and oxygen-sensitive metalloenzyme, it poses special challenges for structural studies, and existing structures have necessarily come from a “divide and conquer” approach. In this study, we investigate E. coli MetH and a thermophilic homolog from Thermus filiformis using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and extensive analysis of the AlphaFold2 database to present the first structural description of MetH in its entirety. Using SAXS, we describe a common resting-state conformation shared by both active and inactive oxidation states of MetH and the roles of CH3-H4folate and flavodoxin in initiating turnover and reactivation. By combining SAXS with a 3.6-Å cryo-EM structure of the T. filiformis MetH, we show that the resting-state conformation consists of a stable arrangement of the catalytic domains that is linked to a highly mobile reactivation domain. Finally, by combining AlphaFold2-guided sequence analysis and our experimental findings, we propose a general model for functional switching in MetH.
EVOLUTIONARY PATHS ALONG THE BPT DIAGRAM FOR LUMINOUS AND ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

The evolutionary connection between nuclear starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), which result from galaxy interactions and mergers and produce the bulk of their radiation as infrared (IR) emission, is not well understood. To this effort, we present and examine new spectrophotometric data for five U/LIRGs (1011 < LIR < 1013L☉) within the IRAS 2 Jy Redshift Survey with 0.05 ≲ z ≲ 0.07. We show that our sample consists almost entirely of composite objects—thus hosting both a nuclear starburst and an AGN—using the BPT diagrams. We then show that for our sample of U/LIRGs the properties that describe their nuclear starbursts and AGNs (e.g., star formation rate, L[O iii], optical D parameter, D4000, and EW(Hδ)) are independent of one another, ensuring that no biases affect correlations between these parameters and the object locations on the BPT diagrams. Finally, we derive evolutionary paths on the BPT diagram involving that are based on how these parameters vary between two U/LIRGs positioned at the end-points of these paths. The U/LIRGs at the end-points of a given path represent the beginning and end states of a U/LIRG evolving along that path. These paths may be able to specifically explain how all local U/LIRGs evolve along the BPT diagram, and serve as a starting point for future quantitative analysis on the evolution of U/LIRGs.
Predicting iron losses in soft magnetic materials with arbitrary voltage supply: an engineering approach

We propose a new approach for predicting iron losses in soft magnetic materials with any voltage supply, starting from the knowledge of the iron losses with a sinusoidal or pulsewidth modulation supply. The model is based on the separation of the loss contributions due to hysteresis, eddy currents, and excess losses with the two supplies. Since any contribution depends on the voltage supply characteristics, it is possible to find a direct mathematical relationship between the iron loss contribution and the voltage supply characteristics. As a consequence, an iron loss prediction can be obtained with any voltage supply if it does not produce a hysteresis minor loop. The energetic model is based on coefficients that depend on the magnetic material characteristic. We performed an accurate analysis of the model on eight magnetic materials used for electrical machine construction, of different thicknesses and alloy compositions. In this way, we found the main coefficients for a large spread of magnetic materials. As a consequence, our approach can be a useful support for electrical machine designers when the energetic performance of a magnetic material has to be predicted for a voltage supply different from the sinusoidal one.
Handbook of Fluid Dynamics and Fluid Machinery

This definitive reference contains contributions from renowned global experts who discuss not only the new generation of fluid dynamics and machinery but classical topics as well. Volume One covers the basics; Volume Two describes advanced aspects such as computational fluid dynamics and fluid machinery; and Volume Three covers the applications of fluid dynamics. This set is illustrated with over 1,000 line drawings and tables.
On distributed search in an uncertain environment

Abstract The paper investigates the case where N agents solve a complex search problem by communicating to each other their relative successes in solving the task. The problem consists in identifying a set of unknown points distributed in an n–dimensional space. The interaction rule causes the agents to organize themselves so that, asymptotically, each agent converges to a different point. The emphasis of this paper is on analyzing the collective dynamics resulting from nonlinear interactions and, in particular, to prove convergence of the search process.
Leaky-wave antennas I: Rectangular waveguides

A microwave network approach is employed for the description and analysis of leaky-wave antennas. This approach is based on a transverse resonance procedure which yields the complex propagation constants for the leaky waves. A perturbation technique is then applied to the resonance equation to obtain results in simple and practical form. These procedures are illustrated by application to a number of practical leaky rectangular waveguide structures. Very good agreement is obtained between the theoretical results and the measured values.
Influence of metallization on temperature stability of SAW devices

Most Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices exhibit a very small sensitivity to thermal effects. However, even on instrinsically compensated crystal cuts, the deposition of metal strips at the surface (transducers or reflectors) induces important changes in the thermoelastic properties of the device. A theoretical approach based on the Sinha-Tiersten perturbation method is proposed to model the influence of metallization on SAW properties on (ST,X) quartz, namely the temperature stability of the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves. Since this perturbation method only gives access to the first order Temperature Coefficient of Frequency (TCF), it is combined with a conventional calculation of the second order TCF to predict the evolution of the turnover temperature. The proposed calculation also requires temperature derivatives of the elastic constants of the metal which can be calculated for different materials. More classical approaches are also considered based on the calculation of surface permittivity using thermally varied elastic constants. Finally, theoretical results are compared to experimental data measured on SAW devices on (ST,X) quartz using Aluminium, Gold or Chromium gratings.
Representation of Elastic Behavior in Cubic Materials for Arbitrary Axes

Several methods are advanced to represent the directional dependence of elastic coefficients for cubic materials which are then illustrated using silicon, copper, and molybdenum. The extensively displayed coefficient is the shear stiffness. Also presented are some rarely shown coefficients such as C1123′ and C1312′ whose on‐axes values are zero. Polar plots are made of the shear stiffness coefficient C1313′ for silicon, for some planes that have a common zone axis. A method particularly suitable for illustrating anisotropy in transverse coefficients is presented in which a family of polar plots is superimposed on the standard triangle.