Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extensive and Unregulated Use of On-Pack Promotional Claims in Commercially Available Baby Foods in the UK

The number, variety and use of commercially available complementary baby foods (CACF) in the UK is increasing. There are growing concerns about the nutritional quality and promotion of these products. We aimed to explore the use of on-pack claims and categorize the nature of promotional claims in CACF. We surveyed all CACF available from online UK supermarkets and Amazon in 2020. CACF were classified according to product type (e.g., puree, snack). On-pack promotional claims were recorded and classified as marketing, composition, health (e.g., supports the nervous system) and nutrient claims (e.g., added iron). Claims which encouraged the use of CACF but did not refer to health or nutrient qualities were defined as marketing claims (e.g., 2-of 5-a-day). Claims emphasizing the presence or absence of ingredient/s were defined as composition claims (e.g., low salt). The WHO Nutrient Profile Model draft for infants and young children and the European Union regulation on Health and Nutrition claims informed the classification. A total of 6265 claims were identified in 724 surveyed products. Marketing (99%,720) and composition claims (98%,713) were found on almost all CACF, compared with nutrient (35%,254) and health claims (6%,41). The median (Q1, Q3) number of total claims per product was 9 (7,10), marketing claims 5 (3,6) composition 3 (2,4), nutrient 0 (0,1) and 0 (0,0) health. The main marketing claims were texture related (e.g., super smooth, chunky bits) on 83% of the products (602) and taste related (e.g., flavours for tiny taste buds, first tastes) on 70% (506) of products. Claims mentioning fruit and veg (e.g., hidden veggies, perfect fruit & veg snack) were used on 42% of the products (307). The main composition claims were organic (62%,452), nothing artificial (58%, 426) and no added sugar (58%, 422). Baby led weaning claims (BLW) (e.g., encourages self-feeding, ideal finger food) were found on 72% of snacks. Snacks had significantly higher (P < 0.01) number of BLW claims (99%, 209), compared to the rest of products with BLW claims (i.e., purees, meals, cereals, deserts, sauces, stock cubes, dry ingredients). Promotional claims on CACF packaging are extensively used. CACF are promoted using “healthy halo” connotations that might confuse parents. Regulations on their use should be implemented to avoid inappropriate marketing. None.
Information Acquisition and Its Incentives in an E-Commerce Supply Chain under the Offline Showroom Model

Recently, the showroom model has developed fast for allowing consumers to evaluate a product offline and then buy it online. This paper aims at exploring the optimal information acquisition strategy and its incentive contracts in an e-commerce supply chain with two competing e-tailers and an offline showroom. Based on signaling game theory, we build a mathematical model by considering the impact of experience service and competition intensity on consumers’ demand. We find that, on the one hand, information acquisition promotes supply chain members to obtain demand information directly or indirectly, which leads to forecast revenue. On the other hand, information acquisition promotes supply chain members to distort optimal decisions, which results in signal cost. The optimal information acquisition strategy depends on the joint impact of forecast revenue, signal cost and demand forecast cost. Notably, in some conditions, the offline showroom will not acquire demand information even when its cost is equal to zero. We also design two different information acquisition incentive contracts to obtain Pareto improvement for all supply chain members.
Probabilistic Model for the Lifetime Prediction of IoT Devices

The development of new electronics and communications technologies allows the Internet of Things (IoT) concepts to be put into practice. A large amount of information is expected to travel over the internet from intelligent objects to many different kinds of software and cloud computing applications. However, there are still several challenges to be overcome. Among them, management of devices energy consumption is intriguing. Therefore, a model to estimate the range of probabilities of the energy spent by IoT equipment is presented in this work. The results include the formulation of probability distributions and discrete event simulations. The proposed method can be applied to design and evaluate IoT applications.
Differences in Surgical Outcome in Near Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Nodular Goiter: A Comparison of LigaSure Vessel Sealer versus Conventional Clamp Knot Tie Technique

Objective: To compare the efficacy of LigaSure Vessel Sealer in Near Total Thyroidectomy versus Conventional Clamp Knot Tie Technique in terms of bleeding, operative time and postoperative drainage. Methodology: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Study duration was one year from November 2019 to October 2020. All patients of any age with benign multinodular goiter and either of gender were included. The study subjects were grouped into two categories by randomization (odd / even). The odd numbers were given to patients operated for ligasure and even numbers were given to patients operated with conventional clamp knot tie technique. Outcomes were observed with respect to post-operative calcium level, intra-operative bleeding, operative time, post-operative pain & post-operative hospital stay. All the data was recorded via study proforma. Original Research Article Shaikh et al.; JPRI, 33(30B): 65-69, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 68553 66 Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Total 55 patients were observed. Mean age was 33.25±10.60 years in clamp knot tie procedure group and 35.16±07.96 years in ligasure technique group; without significant difference (p-0.448). Pre and post-operative calcium levels were statistically insignificant among both groups (p-0.358 and 0.163), while loss of blood, hospital stay, post-operative pain and operative duration were significantly greater in clamp knot tie technique group in comparison to ligasure technique group (p-<0.001). Conclusion: LigaSure Vessel Sealer is a feasible and reliable surgical technique and significantly more effective as compared to conventional clamp knot tie technique in terms of post-operative bleeding, operative time, post-operative pain and post-operative hospital stay. However, calcium level was statistically insignificant.
Validation of Tokyo Guidelines 2007 and Tokyo Guidelines 2013/2018 Criteria for Acute Cholangitis and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality

Background: Acute cholangitis (AC) is a common emergency with a significant mortality risk. The Tokyo Guidelines (TG) provide recommendations for diagnosis, severity stratification, and management of AC. However, validation of the TG remains poor. This study aims to validate TG07, TG13, and TG18 criteria and identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with AC. Methods: This is a retrospective audit of patients with a discharge diagnosis of AC in the year 2016. Demographic, clinical, investigation, management and mortality data were documented. We performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis with stepwise variable selection to identify severity predictors for in-hospital mortality. Results: Two hundred sixty-two patients with a median age of 75.9 years (IQR 64.8–82.8) years were included for analysis. TG13/TG18 diagnostic criteria were more sensitive than TG07 diagnostic criteria (85.1 vs. 75.2%; p < 0.006). The majority of the patients (n = 178; 67.9%) presented with abdominal pain, pyrexia (n = 156; 59.5%), and vomiting (n = 123; 46.9%). Blood cultures were positive in 95 (36.3%) patients, and 79 (83.2%) patients had monomicrobial growth. The 30-day, 90-day, and in-hospital mortality numbers were 3 (1.1%), 11 (4.2%), and 15 (5.7%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 12.531; 95% CI 0.354–116.015; p = 0.026), systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg (OR = 10.108; 95% CI 1.094–93.395; p = 0.041), Glasgow coma score <15 (OR = 38.16; 95% CI 1.804–807.191; p = 0.019), and malignancy (OR = 14.135; 95% CI 1.017–196.394; p = 0.049) predicted in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: TG13/18 diagnostic criteria are more sensitive than TG07 diagnostic criteria. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg, Glasgow coma score <15, and malignant etiology predict in-hospital mortality in patients with AC. These predictors could be considered in acute stratification and treatment of patients with AC.
Alternate Arrangement of Cl and Br Substituent Groups in Crystal Packing:Syntheses and Structures of Schiff Bases and Their Copper(II) Complexes

Two new Schiff bases,N,N′-bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopentane(H2 CAP) and N,N′-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopentane(H2 BAP),and their copper(Ⅱ) complexes,[Cu(CAP)](1),[Cu(BAP)](2) and [Cu(CAP)0.5(BAP)0.5 ](3),have been prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,IR and electronic spectroscopy.The complexes have also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.The Cu atom in each of the complexes is in a tetrahedrally distorted square planar coordination.By combination of complex 1 and 2,a new aggregation 3 was formed.There are interesting alternate arrangement of Cl and Br substituent groups in the crystal packing of the aggregation.CCDC:889058,1;889059,2;889057,3.
Projected Changes to Cool‐Season Storm Tides in the 21st Century Along the Northeastern United States Coast

This study investigates changes and uncertainties to cool‐season (November‐March) storm tides along the U.S. northeast coast in the 21st century under the high RCP8.5 emission scenario compared to late 20th century. A high‐fidelity (50‐m coastal resolution) hydrodynamic storm tide model is forced with three dynamically downscaled regional climate models (RCMs) over three decadal periods (historical, mid‐21st century, and late‐21st century) to project future changes in peak storm tide elevations at coastal counties in the region. While there is no absolute consensus on future changes to storm tides, for any one future decade two out of the three RCMs project an increase at counties along the Hudson River, Delaware River, and northern Chesapeake Bay due to more intense cyclones that track inland of these locations leading to favorable surge generating conditions. The same RCMs also project a decrease at counties facing the open ocean in the mid‐Atlantic Bight as cyclone densities just offshore of the coastline decrease, particularly by late‐century. The greater tidal range in northern areas of the region leads to uncertainty in the magnitude and sign of the projected changes to storm tide levels due to the arbitrary timing of the local tidal stage and the surge‐producing weather event. This random tide‐weather timing is less important in the Chesapeake Bay and unimportant in Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound. Similar to other recent studies, we highlight that sea level rise is likely to be more critical than storm climatology for future changes to the cool‐season coastal flooding potential.
Optimización de la formulación de la pulpa de pomelo para su liofilización

Grapefruit is a citrus fruit with special high amount of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, which are beneficial for human health. However, the consumption of this fruit is limited by its strong bitter taste. Obtaining a product grapefruit powder by dehydration techniques can be a good alternative to diversify their consumption possibilities. Freeze-drying is a good dehydration technique which allows obtaining fruit powder with high quality, easy to handle, package and storage. In this study, the formulation of grapefruit pulp for freeze-drying, as to the product’s moisture input to the lyophilizer and the amount of added arabic gum and bamboo fiber, was optimized. This is to reduce the cost of operation and to improve the stability of the product. For the optimization of the formulation a response surface methodology applied to a central composite design was used. The results showed that the arabic gum had a significant role in the protection of phenols, antioxidant activity and luminosity, and bamboo fiber on the vitamin C, especially when the moisture input was low. The formulation for obtaining an optimum grapefruit powder was: moisture puree input 74,15 g agua/100g puree with solutes, 1,27g of arabic gum/100 g of fresh puree and 0,86 g of bamboo fiber /100 g fresh puree.
A comparative study of a class of direct estimators for domain mean with a direct ratio estimator for domain mean using auxiliary character

Abstract Estimation techniques for a domain parameter play a very significant role in the theory of sample surveys. In the recent years many advanced methodologies have been developed for domain estimation. In particular, direct and synthetic estimators are applied for the estimation of domain mean in the government and private sectors under certain assumptions as to the size of the samples relating to particular domains. The findings demonstrate that the direct estimator fails to perform more efficiently as compared to the synthetic estimator when reliable units are not directly accessible in the studied domains. Moreover, due to the fact that small units belong to the sample of the studied domain, the direct estimator produces an unacceptably large standard error. In contrast, if a sufficient number of units are available in the studied domain, the direct estimator produces effective results. This paper presents the theoretical aspects of the proposed class of direct estimators for domain mean with the use of a single auxiliary character, compared with an existing direct ratio estimator for domain mean (given in section 3.2). In addition, an empirical study has been provided to support the validity of the proposed estimators. The findings prove that the proposed estimators outperform the direct ratio estimator for domain mean using a single auxiliary character in the case of two studied populations and their analysed domains considered from Sarndal et al. (1992).
EB virus‐associated antibodies in caucasian patients with carcinoma OE the nasopharynx and in long‐term survivors after treatment

Sera from 30 Swedish patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) collected before or shortly after commencement of therapy and from 24 long‐term survivors (LTS) were tested for antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigens (VCA), to the O and R components of the EBV‐induced early antigen (EA) complex, and to EBV‐determined cell membrane antigens (MA). In the tumor‐bearing patients, all serologic reactivities increased overall from stage I to later stages of the disease: that is, with an increase in total tumor burden. In the LTS, who had remained apparently tumor‐free for 3 to 29 years, all reactivities were substantially lower than in the tumor‐bearing patients. While the data agreed in principle with those reported previously for Chinese NPC patients, there were considerable differences with respect to the incidence and titres of antibodies to the D component which, as discussed, might reflect a reduced responsiveness of Caucasian NPC patients or a difference in the distribution of various types of the disease among ethnic groups.
The bidirectionality of buying behavior and risk perception: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT The coronavirus pandemic has changed retailers’ proceedings, consumers’ buying behavior, and the perception of space within the aisles. In a grounded theory–building procedure, the study questions the relationships of consumers’ perceived risk, adapted behaviors, and emotional self-regulation. Only a few studies have focused on customer behavior in such disruptive situations. They generally take a unidirectional perspective and explain panic buying and stockpiling by considering buying behavior as only a reaction to panic and uncertainty. We conducted 18 qualitative interviews in Brazil and Germany to gain insight into changes in buying behavior and consumers’ feelings on the changed circumstances, which provided a bidirectional perspective on perceived risk, adapted buying behavior, and emotional self-regulation. We attempt to explain changed buying behavior as well as differing behaviors and motives in Brazil and Germany during the crisis. Critical reflection on media reports about panic buying and hoarding as well as on self-observed situations in local stores affords a better assessment of the overall situation and risk.
Automotive LiDAR Technology: A Survey

Nowadays, and more than a decade after the first steps towards autonomous driving, we keep heading to achieve fully autonomous vehicles on our roads, with LiDAR sensors being a key instrument for the success of this technology. Such advances trigger the emergence of new players in the automotive industry, and along with car manufacturers, this sector represents a multibillion-dollar market where everyone wants to take a share. To understand recent advances and technologies behind LiDAR, this article presents a survey on LiDAR sensors for the automotive industry. With this work, we show the measurement principles and imaging techniques currently being used, going through a review of commercial systems and development solutions available in the market today. Furthermore, we highlight the current and future challenges, providing insights on how both research and industry can step towards better LiDAR solutions.
A Survey on Cyber-Security of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs)

As the general development trend of the automotive industry, connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can be used to increase transportation safety, promote mobility choices, reduce user costs, and create new job opportunities. However, with the increasing level of connectivity and automation, malicious users are able to easily implement different kinds of attacks, which threaten the security of CAVs. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive survey on the cyber-security in the environment of CAVs with the aim of highlighting security problems and challenges. Firstly, based on the types of communication networks and attack objects, it classifies various cyber-security risks and vulnerabilities in the environment of CAVs into in-vehicle network attacks, vehicle to everything network attacks, and other attacks. Next, it regards cyber-risk as another type of attacks in the environment of CAVs. Then, it describes and analyzes up-to-date corresponding defense strategies for securing CAVs. In addition, it concludes several available cyber-security and safety standards of CAVs, which is helpful for the practical application of CAVs. Finally, several challenges and open problems are discussed for the future research.
Significantly Accelerated Spherulitic Growth Rates for Semicrystalline Polymers through the Layer-by-Layer Film Method

The influence of a molten liquid polymer layer on the crystallization of the beneath semicrystalline polymer has been seldom considered. In the study, the nucleation and growth of spherulites for the beneath polylactide (PLA) layer in poly(ethylene oxide)/polylactide (PEO/PLA) double-layer films during isothermal crystallization at various temperatures above the melting point of PEO have been investigated by using polarized optical microscopy, with the particular results compared with that for neat PLA and PLA/PEO blend films. It is interesting to find that the top covering molten PEO layer can greatly accelerate the spherulitic growth rate (G) of the beneath PLA layer. Another significant result is that the temperature for the measurable nucleation and spherulitic growth of PLA in the double-layer films can be eventually pushed down close to the glass transition temperature of neat PLA. The changes of glass transition temperature, Tg, for PEO/PLA multilayer films have been measured by using modulated dif.
Cooperative interactions among females can lead to even more extraordinary sex ratios

Hamilton's local mate competition theory provided an explanation for extraordinary female‐biased sex ratios in a range of organisms. When mating takes place locally, in structured populations, a female‐biased sex ratio is favored to reduce competition between related males, and to provide more mates for males. However, there are a number of wasp species in which the sex ratios appear to more female biased than predicted by Hamilton's theory. It has been hypothesized that the additional female bias in these wasp species results from cooperative interactions between females. We investigated theoretically the extent to which cooperation between related females can interact with local mate competition to favor even more female‐biased sex ratios. We found that (i) cooperation between females can lead to sex ratios that are more female biased than predicted by local competition theory alone, and (ii) sex ratios can be more female biased when the cooperation occurs from offspring to mothers before dispersal, rather than cooperation between siblings after dispersal. Our models formally confirm the verbal predictions made in previous experimental studies, which could be applied to a range of organisms. Specifically, cooperation can help explain sex ratio biases in Sclerodermus and Melittobia wasps, although quantitative comparisons between predictions and data suggest that some additional factors may be operating.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth from Pt catalysts using Alcohol Gas Source Method: Comparison with Co catalysts

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth using Pt as catalysts was carried out by an alcohol gas source method, a type of cold-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and the properties of SWNTs grown from Pt catalysts were compared to those grown from Co catalysts. Raman results showed that the diameters of SWNTs grown at 700 º C from Pt catalysts were distributed between 0.6 and 1.6 nm, which were much smaller than those from Co catalysts. The SWNT diameters decreased as the growth temperature was reduced, and the diameters of most SWNTs grown at 400 º C from Pt were below 0.9 nm. We also investigated the effects of catalyst deposition method on the SWNT growth and showed that the electron beam (EB) deposition is suitable for growth of SWNTs with smaller diameters under lower ethanol pressures.