Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How does quantum gravity modify the Schrodinger equation for matter fields

The author performs an expansion of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation of canonical quantum gravity with respect to powers of the Planck mass. The first three orders lead to the picture of a quantised matter field propagating on a fixed gravitational background. Its state obeys a functional Schrodinger equation with respect to a many-fingered time defined by this background. The next order yields quantum gravitational corrections to this equation. He derives these terms and discusses their meaning in detail.
Capacitive-type counter of nanoparticles in air

A capacitive-type counter of nanoparticles in air, based on measurement of the capacitance of a capacitor with a variable dielectric part, has been developed. The method is suitable for detection of aerosols in a wide concentration range, regardless of shape or chemical composition. The method is demonstrated experimentally and verified by numerical simulations. The counter allows for construction of a simple, portable, and cheap nanoparticle detector for air quality control.
A New Orthogonal Projected Natural Gradient BSS Algorithm with a Dynamically Changing Source Number under Over-Determined Mode

Blind source separation (BSS) attempts to recover unknown independent sources from a given set of observed mixtures. Algorithm based on natural gradient is one of the main methods in BSS. An analysis has been done on the problem that the old algorithm goes to diverging under over-determined mode. A new improved algorithm based on orthogonal projected natural gradient is studied in the paper. The simulated result using crosstalk error proves the capability to perform the BSS under over-determined mode and the better convergence stability of the new algorithm. It is also effective with a dynamically changing source number.
A limit theory for long-range dependence and statistical inference on related models

This paper provides limit theorems for multivariate, possibly nonGaussian stationary processes whose spectral density matrices may have singularities not restricted at the origin, applying those limiting results to the asymptotic theory of parameter estimation and testing for statistical models of long-range dependent processes. The central limit theorems are proved based on the assumption that the innovations of the stationary processes satisfy certain mixing conditions for their conditional moments, and the usual assumptions of exact martingale difference or the (transformed) Gaussianity for the innovation process are dispensed with. For the proofs of convergence of the covariances of quadratic forms, the concept of the multiple Fejer kernel is introduced. For the derivation of the asymptotic properties of the quasi-likelihood estimate and the quasi-likelihood ratio, the bracketing function approach is used instead of conventional regularity conditions on the model spectral density. 0. Introduction. This paper investigates vector-valued stationary processes with long-range dependence which possess a variety of singularities not necessarily limited to zero frequency, giving a limit theory for quadratic forms of observations from those processes. Then it considers the statistical inference based on the quasi-likelihood function giving the asymptotic properties for the quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) estimate and the quasi-likelihood ratio (QLR) statistics based on the limit theory under very general conditions. The asymptotic results obtained reveal a particular feature of long-range dependence whose modeling produces different asymptotics for related statistics based on the quasi-likelihood function. A general framework for the asymptotic theory for parameter estimation and testing for short-range dependent stationary time-series models was given by Whittle (1952). Dealing with a linear scalar-valued process {zt, t E J} given by
The use of subsegmental information in sentence comprehension with or without formant transitions by normal‐hearing and hearing‐impaired listeners

Using a noise replacement paradigm, Lee and Kewley‐Port [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 119, (2006)] examined sentence comprehension by young normal‐hearing (YNH) and elderly hearing‐impaired (EHI) listeners when sentences were processed to present only subsegmental information (i.e., either steady‐state or formant transitions) in sentences processed in four different ways. Results showed that correct word responses by EHI listeners were more affected by the type of information in the four conditions compared to YNH listeners. To compare the use of subsegmental information between listener groups who were carefully matched for audibility and age, new analyses of correctly identified phonemes and different word‐error patterns were made for both correct and incorrect word responses. Correlation analyses examined the relations among correct and incorrect word responses, phoneme scoring, hearing thresholds, and age. Despite a larger number of incorrect answers by EHI listeners, word‐error patterns, as well as an abilit.
ACTIVITY IN EARLY F-TYPE STARS IN THE HYADES.

Observations of the equivalent width of D3 He I A 5876 in 14 main-sequence stars in the Hyades show that stellar activity in these stars is closely similar to that seen in early F-type field stars. The onset of activity occurs at about (B - V) = 0.30 m, and the activity level in stars bluer than (B - V) = 0.45 m does not correlate with rotation. There is no evidence of a decline of activity with increasing age during the rather narrow time interval spanned by the main-sequence lifetimes of early F-type stars. The sharp minimum in lithium abundance that is seen in Hyades stars of middle F spectral type occurs at about the color that marks the boundary between temperature regimes where activity does and does not correlate with rotation.
Bayesian Model Averaging in Proportional Hazard Models: Assessing the Risk of a Stroke

In the context of the Cardiovascular Health Study, a comprehensive investigation into the risk factors for strokes, we apply Bayesian model averaging to the selection of variables in Cox proportional hazard models. We use an extension of the leaps‐and‐bounds algorithm for locating the models that are to be averaged over and make available S‐PLUS software to implement the methods. Bayesian model averaging provides a posterior probability that each variable belongs in the model, a more directly interpretable measure of variable importance than a P‐value. P‐values from models preferred by stepwise methods tend to overstate the evidence for the predictive value of a variable and do not account for model uncertainty. We introduce the partial predictive score to evaluate predictive performance. For the Cardiovascular Health Study, Bayesian model averaging predictively outperforms standard model selection and does a better job of assessing who is at high risk for a stroke.
TESTING TESTS ON ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI MICROVARIABILITY

Literature on optical and infrared microvariability in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) reflects a diversity of statistical tests and strategies to detect tiny variations in the light curves of these sources. Comparison between the results obtained using different methodologies is difficult, and the pros and cons of each statistical method are often badly understood or even ignored. Even worse, improperly tested methodologies are becoming more and more common, and biased results may be misleading with regard to the origin of the AGN microvariability. This paper intends to point future research on AGN microvariability toward the use of powerful and well-tested statistical methodologies, providing a reference for choosing the best strategy to obtain unbiased results. Light curves monitoring has been simulated for quasars and for reference and comparison stars. Changes for the quasar light curves include both Gaussian fluctuations and linear variations. Simulated light curves have been analyzed using ? 2 tests, F tests for variances, one-way analyses of variance and C-statistics. Statistical Type? I and Type? II errors, which indicate the robustness and the power of the tests, have been obtained in each case. One-way analyses of variance and ? 2 prove to be powerful and robust estimators for microvariations, while the C-statistic is not a reliable methodology and its use should be avoided.
An axisymmetric guided wave encoded system for flood detection of oil rig cross-beams

A novel and completely autonomous guided wave system for flood detection in the hollow cross-beam members of offshore steel oil rigs is presented. Underwater non-destructive testing methods such as ultrasound have been used to inspect for the presence of seawater in these applications, often in conjunction with remote operating vehicles. Alternatively, a monolithic PZT guided wave transducer which can be permanently attached to a sub-sea installation and that can be powered by the action of the seawater is now being developed. Upon activation, the transducer transmits an ultrasound-encoded signal to a receiver, in the form of a real-time digital signal processing system at the surface level. Experiments have been carried out using a jointed steel pipe structure, 10 m in length, 0.5 m in diameter and 16 mm in thickness, completely immersed in seawater. The transmitter was attached to the inner wall of a spur pipe and configured to generate narrow bandwidth, low frequency ultrasonic chirp signals, coupled to the pipe as an axisymmetric mode. Results confirmed that although some attenuation occurs, the system signal processing system successfully identified the signals above the background noise.
A new evolutionary model for AM Herculis binaries

Observations of AM Herculis binaries recently discovered by ROSAT and other surveys have shown that the AM Herculis binaries do not exitbit a pronounced 2-3 h period gap, which is difficult to explain in terms of the canonical magnetic braking model for the orbital evolution of these binaries. We present a new evolutionary scenario for AM Herculis binaries based on the hypothesis that magnetic braking by the stellar wind of the M-star secondary ceases to be an effective mechanism for the loss of orbital angular momentum when the rotation of the white dwarf becomes synchronized with the orbital motion
Electronic, magnetic, and spin‐polarized transport properties of hybrid graphene/boron‐nitride nanoribbons having 5‐8‐5 line defects at the heterojunction

Using the spin‐polarized density functional theory, we have investigated electronic, magnetic, and spin‐polarized transport properties of hybrid boron‐nitrde/graphene (BNC) nanoribbons having the BB and NN line defect at the heterojunction. Our results show that the defective systems behave as robust spin‐selective half‐semiconductor in the whole range of the graphene nanoribbon width considered in this work. Application of an electric field gives rise to antiferromagnetic half‐metallic behavior in both systems. The range of electric field maintaining the half‐metallicity is much larger for the BB line defect system than for the NN line defect system. Beyond a threshold of field intensity, the NN line defect system becomes nonmagnetic semiconductor, while the BB line defect system behaves as ferromagnetic metal with spin density located at the heterojunction. Finally, the spin‐polarized transport calculation reveals that both systems can be efficient spin filters.
A study on robust utterance verification for connected digits recognition

Utterance verification represents a key technology in the design of a user-friendly speech recognition system. One essential element when designing such a system is the ability to maintain a uniform performance over a wide range of acoustic conditions. An acoustic mismatch between training and testing conditions often results in an undesirable performance degradation. This paper addresses the issue of robustness in utterance verification of a speech recognition system. Two techniques, namely signal bias removal (SBR) and on-line adaptation, are studied. The SBR algorithm is used to deal with global mismatch conditions caused by handset and channel differences. The on-line adaptation algorithm is used to adjust verification threshold at runtime for achieving a desirable trade-off between false rejection and false alarm in new test conditions. Various on-line adaptation schemes are investigated. We show that both supervised or unsupervised adaptation can effectively adjust the verification threshold to achi.
Observations and interpretation of the lunar mach cone

The existence of a lunar Mach cone in the flow of the magnetized warm collisionless solar plasma has been determined from magnetometer data on lunar Explorer 35. The axis of the Mach cone indicates that the direction of the solar wind comes from ∼4.5° west of the sun as viewed from the moon. Owing to the variability of the magnetic field direction, the spacecraft has actually observed the three-dimensional wake region of the interaction of the solar wind with the moon. The lack of axial symmetry of the observed lunar Mach cone provides the first experimental evidence for the anisotropic propagation of magnetoacoustic waves in the solar wind. The average Mach angle is found to be ∼8° in directions perpendicular to the magnetic field vector and ∼5.5° in the direction parallel to the field; this leads to a velocity anisotropy of V⊥/V∥ = 1.4. This value compares favorably with the nominal expected value in the solar wind of ∼1.5, if β = 1 and T∥/T⊥ = 1.2.
Assertion and Conditionals: Assertion

1. Cartesianism, behaviourism and the philosophical context Part I. Belief: 2. A theory of the mind 3. Belief and decision 4. Computation 5. Truth conditions Part II. Meaning: 6. Realism and truth-theory 7. Assertion Part III. Conditionals: 8. Indicative conditionals 9. Truth and triviality 10. Logic without truth 11. Generalising the probabilistic semantics of conditionals.
Hidden H II regions in infrared-bright galaxies

To search for heavily obscured H II regions in five galaxies with high dust and gas contents, CCD images were obtained in the emission lines of H-alpha and 9532 A forbidden line S III. Comparison of these images yields maps of the obscuration to the emitting regions, if the intrinsic ratio of forbidden line S III/H-alpha is roughly constant within them. The reddening-corrected H-alpha maps alter dramatically our view of the total luminosity, surface brightness gradient, position of peak flux, and general morphology of the ionized gas structures in these galaxies; the hypothesis that young stars are the source of energy for the enormous infrared luminosities in these galaxies is confirmed. 31 references.
H2O masers in star-forming regions

A comprehensive model is presented for the powerful H2O masers observed in star-forming regions. The shocks are the result of interaction of dense, high-velocity clumps with dense shells or clumps in the ambient medium. The shocked material is a thin slab in physical space, but breaks up into a network of filaments in velocity space. These filaments are the individual H2O maser features. The results of maser model calculations are presented which provide the maximum brightness temperatures that can be produced in single-temperature environments of any kind.
Modifications of the atmospheric moisture field as a result of cold‐pool dynamics

This study investigates the interplay between atmospheric moisture and deep convective clouds via cold‐pool dynamics in the absence of large‐scale forcing in a series of cloud‐resolving modelling studies. More specifically, the contribution of moisture advection, evaporation of rain and surface fluxes to the moisture budget over particular regions of the domain is investigated. This is done both for a continental case and an oceanic case although both cases show very similar behaviour. The accumulation of moisture in confined regions of the sub‐cloud layer that constitute preferred locations for future cloud development mainly results from the advection of moisture. The latter contributes ~86%, minor evaporation of precipitation contributes ~4%, whereas surface moisture fluxes yield ~11% in the continental case. In the oceanic case advection contributes ~125%, surface moisture fluxes ~−32% and evaporation of precipitation ~7%.
Sulforaphane Potentially Ameliorates Arsenic Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats: Implication of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Agriculture and industrial expansion in recent years have resulted in the undue discharge of arsenic into the environment, building arsenic toxicity a major worldwide anxiety. Oxidative stress is considered as the most conspicuous effect of arsenic toxicity. The current study was designed to evaluate the protective ability of sulforaphane (SFN) against arsenic (As) induced hepatotoxicity by activation of PI3K induced Akt and Nrf2 mediated signaling pathway. METHODS For this purpose, male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups of 8 rats each: control, Arsenic (5mg/kg BW), SFN plus Arsenic (20, 40, 80 mg/kg BW; 5mg/kg BW) and Vit. C plus Arsenic (100mg/kg BW; 5mg/kg BW). In this study, we have used spectrophotometry for enzymatic antioxidant assays, western blotting and PCR for protein and gene expression. Microtome for histological study. RESULTS The arsenic-induced oxidative damage was confirmed by a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of ALAD, As concentration and depletion in the antioxidant content. Furthermore, Arsenics treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased the pro-apoptotic marker (Bax) and DNA damage, with decreased Nrf2 protein responsible for liver protection. However, pretreatment with SFN significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of ALAD, Arsenic concentration, and brought antioxidant enzymes into normal levels. This was accomplished by inhibition of apoptotic markers via activation of PI3K, Akt and Nrf2 mediated signaling pathway as evident from western blotting and PCR techniques. CONCLUSION Moreover, SFN pretreatment shield the liver histoarchitecture observed in Arsenic treated groups suggesting prevention of liver toxicity via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 signaling pathways and could possibly provide a protection against Arsenic induced hepatic burden.
Performance enhancement of n-channel inversion type InxGa1−xAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor using ex situ deposited thin amorphous silicon layer

Significant enhancement in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) transport characteristics is achieved with InxGa1−xAs (x=0.53, x=0.20) channel material using ex situ plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited amorphous Si layer. InxGa1−xAs MOSFETs (L=2 μm, Vgs-Vt=2.0 V) with Si interlayer show a maximum drain current of 290 mA/mm (x=0.53) and 2 μA/mm (x=0.20), which are much higher compared to devices without a Si interlayer. However, charge pumping measurements show a lower average interface state density near the intrinsic Fermi level for devices without the silicon interlayer indicating that a reduction in the midgap interface state density is not responsible for the improved transport characteristics.
Stellar Populations in Galaxies

could be thought of as consisting of two distinct population compone nts : population I and populati'on 11.1 On Baade's picture the Hubble (19 36) classification sequence E-Sa-Sb-Sc-Ir may be understood in terms of a variation in the relative import ance of populations I and II. According to Baade elliptical galaxies consist of pure population II whereas irregulars constitute pure population I. Baade defined population II as consisting of stars that lie on color-magnitude diagrams similar to those of galactic globular clusters, and population I as comprising stars that are located on color-magnitude diagrams similar to those of young or old metal-ric h open clusters. It should be emphasized that in Baade's original definition stellar populations were defined in terms of the characteristics of their color-magnitude diagrams.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of venom from Southern India common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and identification of poorly immunogenic toxins by immune-profiling against commercial antivenom

ABSTRACT Objectives: To study the venom proteome composition of Southern India (SI) Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and immunological cross-reactivity between venom against commercial antivenom. Methods: Proteomic analysis was done by nano LC-MS/MS and toxins were quantitated by label-free analysis. The immunological cross-reactivity of venom towards polyvalent antivenom (PAV) was assessed by ELISA, Immunoblotting, and immuno-chromatographic methods. Results: A total of 57 enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins belonging to 12 snake venom protein families were identified. The three finger toxins (3FTx) (48.3%) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (37.6%) represented the most abundant non-enzymatic and enzymatic proteins, respectively. β-bungarotoxin (12.9%), a presynaptic neurotoxin, was also identified. The venom proteome composition is well correlated with its enzymatic activities, reported pharmacological properties, and clinical manifestations of krait envenomation. Immuno-cross-reactivity studies demonstrated better recognition of high molecular weight proteins (>45 kDa) of this venom by PAVs compared to low molecular weight (<15 kDa) toxins such as PLA2 and 3FTxs. Conclusion: The poor recognition of <15 kDa mass SI B. caeruleus venom proteins is of grave concern for the successful treatment of krait envenomation. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improve the immunization protocols and/or supplement of antibodies raised specifically against the <15 kDa toxins of this venom.
Low-Temperature Fabrication of Polycrystalline Si Thin Film Using Al-Induced Crystallization without Native Al Oxide at Amorphous Si/Al Interface

Low-temperature fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film has been performed by Al-induced crystallization (AIC), and the structural properties have been investigated. In our experiments, to prevent native oxidation of Al film, an amorphous silicon (a-Si)/Al bilayer was formed on the SiO2/Si substrate by electron beam evaporation without breaking the vacuum. The a-Si/Al/SiO2/Si structure was then heated at a low temperature of 400°C to induce AIC. It was confirmed that layer exchange of the a-Si/Al bilayer is induced even though there is no native oxidation of Al film, which was demonstrated by scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The mechanism for layer exchange of the a-Si/Al bilayer has been discussed. Furthermore, it was verified by scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry that the a-Si/Al thickness ratio of roughly 1:1 is suitable to achieve a flat surface morphology of poly-Si. In addition, it was found, by X-ray diffraction and orientation imaging microscopy, that the Si(111)-oriented grain becomes dominant with decreasing thickness of the a-Si/Al bilayer.
Crystallographic analysis of CoPtCr-SiO2 perpendicular recording media with high anisotropy using synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction

A CoPtCr-SiO2 film is a potential material for high-density perpendicular recording media due to their high magnetic anisotropy constant Ku. However, the value of Ku decreases in high levels of Pt content. In this study, this phenomenon was analyzed by synchrotron radiation grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Although the CoPtCr-SiO2 films contained almost no fcc phase at 20at. % Pt or less, it increased remarkably at 30at. % Pt. This result coincided with the variations of Ku with respect to the Pt content for the CoPtCr-SiO2 films. We consider that the fcc phase formation at Pt content levels in the vicinity of 30at. % is an influential factor of the Ku reduction. Our techniques proved to be sensitive for the detection of fcc regions in the CoPtCr-SiO2 films.