Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ieee Computer Graphics and Applications Interactive Projection Interaction Using a Handheld Projector

D ata projectors are becoming smaller, with typical commercial models measuring roughly 6 × 6 inches and weighing two pounds. This trend is generating new modes of use, moving away from fixed installations and toward mobility and oppor-tunistic deployment. Meanwhile, advances in self-calibration mean that an arbitrarily placed projector can automatically produce a desirable projection—key-stone-corrected and with an upright orientation—on a display surface. 1,2 Portability and self-calibration will likely lead to an increasing deployment of projectors in homes, retail stores, and other settings. But the previous scenario is still a familiar one: a fixed projector making a fixed display. A more significant innovation will be the incorporation of projectors into handheld devices. The trend toward smaller mobile phones and PDAs is a driving force for portability, but this trend runs in direct conflict with the need to make the physical display large enough for good visibility. In contrast to physical displays, a projector can be physically small while producing a large display. Incorporating a projector into a handheld device raises the issue of how to interact with a projection. The focus of this article is interactive projection—a technique for moving a cursor across a projection, allowing all the familiar mouse interactions from the desktop to be transposed to a handheld projector, and requiring only natural, one-handed pointing motion by the user. While many technical challenges exist in creating a handheld projector, let's assume its viability and start with this question: How can we interact with a projec-tion? In particular, can we transpose the familiar elements of a WIMP interface to a projection? There is already well-developed work on laser pointer interaction with displays in fixed installations. 3 However , this is not relevant to a handheld projector or to environments with no fixed infrastructure. Alternatively , it might seem straightforward to provide mouse interaction by putting a touch-pad mouse on the handheld projector. But this would add bulk to the device, something we are trying to avoid. It also implies two-handed use, and there is a resolution issue in doing fine control of a cursor on a potentially large projection area using a small touch pad. Our technique avoids these problems and allows tracking of a cursor across the projection by a one-handed pointing motion of the projector. Once the cursor is at the desired location, users select items by clicking buttons on the handheld device. The approach works as …
The Macrophage: A Disputed Fortress in the Battle against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB), has plagued humans for thousands of years. TB still remains a major public health problem in our era, causing more than 4,400 deaths worldwide every day and killing more people than HIV. After inhaling Mtb-contaminated aerosols, TB primo-infection starts in the terminal lung airways, where Mtb is taken up by alveolar macrophages. Although macrophages are known as professional killers for pathogens, Mtb has adopted remarkable strategies to circumvent host defenses, building suitable conditions to survive and proliferate. Within macrophages, Mtb initially resides inside phagosomes, where its survival mostly depends on its ability to take control of phagosomal processing, through inhibition of phagolysosome biogenesis and acidification processes, and by progressively getting access to the cytosol. Bacterial access to the cytosolic space is determinant for specific immune responses and cell death programs, both required for the replication and the dissemination of Mtb. Comprehension of the molecular events governing Mtb survival within macrophages is fundamental for the improvement of vaccine-based and therapeutic strategies in order to help the host to better defend itself in the battle against the fierce invader Mtb. In this mini-review, we discuss recent research exploring how Mtb conquers and transforms the macrophage into a strategic base for its survival and dissemination as well as the associated defense strategies mounted by host.
Heart Physiology: From Cell to Circulation

A. Basic Cardiovascular Physiology Introductory cardiovascular concepts Control of the circulation Heart cells and organelles B. Electrophysiology and electrocardiogram Channels, pumps & exchangers Pacemakers, conduction system and electrocardiogram C. Calcium and contraction. Receptors and signals Excitation-contraction coupling and calcium Receptors and signal transduction Myocardial contraction and relaxation Signal systems: Coordinating life and death D. The Heart Oxygen supply: Coronary flow Fuels. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism Ventricular function Overload hypertrophy and its molecular biology E. The Circulation Blood pressure and peripheral circulation Cardiac output and exercise Heart failure. Neurohumoral responses F. Pathophysiology Lack of blood flow: Ischemia and angina Acute coronary syndromes. Cell death Myocardial reperfusion. Stunning, hibernation and preconditioning Electricity out of control. Arrhythmias
Deformations of lattice cohomology and the upsilon invariant

We introduce deformations of lattice cohomology corresponding to the knot homologies found by Ozsv\' ath, Stipsicz and Szab\' o in \cite{OSS4}. By means of holomorphic triangles counting, we prove equivalence with the analytic theory for a wide class of knots. This yields combinatorial formulae for the upsilon invariant.
Lack of specialist care is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adult congenital heart disease: a population-based study.

AIMS The aim of this study was to provide population-based data on the healthcare provision for adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and the impact of cardiology care on morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on administrative data from one of the largest German Health Insurance Companies, all insured ACHD patients (<70 years of age) were included. Patients were stratified into those followed exclusively by primary care physicians (PCPs) and those with additional cardiology follow-up between 2014 and 2016. Associations between level of care and outcome were assessed by multivariable/propensity score Cox analyses. Overall, 24 139 patients (median age 43 years, 54.8% female) were included. Of these, only 49.7% had cardiology follow-up during the 3-year period, with 49.2% of patients only being cared for by PCPs and 1.1% having no contact with either. After comprehensive multivariable and propensity score adjustment, ACHD patients under cardiology follow-up had a significantly lower risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.98; P = 0.03) or major events (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.92; P < 0.001) compared to those only followed by PCPs. At 3-year follow-up, the absolute risk difference for mortality was 0.9% higher in ACHD patients with moderate/severe complexity lesions cared by PCPs compared to those under cardiology follow-up. CONCLUSION Cardiology care compared with primary care is associated with superior survival and lower rates of major complications in ACHD. It is alarming that even in a high resource setting with well-established specialist ACHD care approximately 50% of contemporary ACHD patients are still not linked to regular cardiac care. Almost all patients had at least one contact with a PCP during the study period, suggesting that opportunities to refer patients to cardiac specialists were missed at PCP level. More efforts are required to alert PCPs and patients to appropriate ACHD care.
Understanding Pretense: A Study in Humour and Sarcasm

What is common between Veg Biryani, Ronaldo and Donald Trump? All of them pretend to be something that they are not. Not Biryani, not the GOAT (Greatest Of All Time) and not human. But again, many a true word is spoken in jest. We pretend just as we breathe. Pretense is observable all around us. Feigning sickness to avoid work, lying to get out of trouble, maintaining a persona or a child joyfully playing his doll are all instances of make-believe. Global platforms of communication have made the world smaller than ever before. With degrees of separation reducing by the day, we can now interact with numerous people almost instantly. More interactions means more dialogue among people, which means more pretense. Sometimes we even pretend about pretending, for example, when applying reverse psychology. The bottom-line is that, pretense is a very important phenomenon in our lives, which we exploit regularly. Therefore, it is only fitting that there be an account which rigorously analyses and explains pretense. No matter how grounded in reality, due to its nature, pretense always involves an element of fantasy. This role is fulfilled by imagination. It provides the necessary content and helps us in guiding an episode of pretense. The nature of this content however is a topic hotly contested in philosophy. Does it comprise of clear or fuzzy images? Or whether images form a part of it at all? Are there different forms of imagination? Moreover, can one even provide a distinction between different types of imagination? We discuss and answer all such questions in Chapter 2, and clear the air up regarding its nature and involvement in pretense. Having gathered all the information needed about imagination as an essential component of pretending, we then move on to the act itself. Pretense involves both mental as well as physical participation of our body. Therefore, an analysis of the cognitive aspects of pretense is necessary to ascertain the precise requirements for pretending. By studying, the two most definitive accounts, viz. metarepresentational account and the behavioural account of pretense we get to know about the important characteristics of pretending. Along the way, we also learn from their shortcomings to bolster our own command of the topic. After strengthening the theoretical backbone needed to properly understand the phenomenon of pretense, we apply our learning from the first three Chapters and proceed towards applying them in a computational paradigm. We are presented by the perfect problem in the shape of Humour and Sarcasm
Factors Causing Disagreement between Measured and Calculated Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) in Clinical Laboratory Services

Background Since measured low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) has been available in clinical laboratories, there have been concern about the disagreement between measured and calculated LDL-C and the factors causing their disagreement. Material/Methods Serum lipid concentrations were collected from 1,339 medical records of patients admitted to hospital between 2013 and 2015. They were grouped by their total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and the agreement between measured and calculated LDL-C was statistically analyzed. Results A strong relationship was found between measured and calculated LDL-C. Significantly disagreements between measured and calculated LDL-C were found in all groups in 2013 and 2014 when lipids were analyzed by Cobas C501. Disagreements found in groups of low TG and low HDL-C concentrations in 2015 were when lipids were analyzed by Abbott Architect ci8200. In groups of calculated LDL-C <1.81 mmol/L, around 80% had the measured LDL-C >1.81 mmol/L. Among various atherogenic indices, non-HDL-C showed the strongest relationship with LDL-C, while TC to HDL-C ratio showed the strongest agreement with the LDL-C. Conclusions The disagreement between measured and calculated LDL-C in a clinical laboratory seemed to depend on the analytical system used, and was probably associated with individual laboratory variations.
How I Treat How I treat patients with massive hemorrhage

Death from injury has increased by 20% over the last decade and accounts for more death than malaria, tubercolosis, and HIV combined. Hemorrhage requiring massive transfusion secondary to trauma and major surgery remains a major cause of potentially preventable deaths, and development of coagulopathy further substantiallyincreases the mortality rates of hemorrhaging patients. Classically, massive transfusion has been defined as receiving . 10 red blood cell (RBC) units in 24 hours, although recently, a change toward applying the rate of transfusion in a shorter time frame such as 2 or 6 hours has been broadly accepted. Historically, treatment of massive hemorrhage with blood products has been based on the “Berne” concept, dictating that resuscitation should occur in successive steps starting with RBCs and followed by plasma when ;1 blood volume was substituted and including platelets when . 2 blood volumes were substituted. This approach was incorporated into transfusion guidelines as exemplified by guidelines from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Early in the new millennium, however, this transfusion paradigm was challenged mainly based on the results from the US Military in Iraq, where thawed AB fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administered together with RBCs, as well as platelet concentrates (PCs) from the start of resuscitation. This resuscitation regimen was based on the notion that it was problematic to dilute the concentration of platelets and coagulation factors by RBCs before administering platelets and plasma to massively bleeding patients. Another concern regarding the transfusion guidelines was that conventional coagulation tests, like prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, were applied to identify patients in need of plasma substitution. However, the conventional plasma based tests only describe isolated fragments of the hemostatic process and are poorly associated with bleeding and transfusion requirements, as well as the platelet count itself does not reflect whether the platelets are hemostatically intact. The criticism of using the conventional coagulation tests were inspired by a new understanding of the hemostatic process, introduced by Hoffman and colleagues in the mid-1990s. A final major problem with the conventional coagulation analysis is that the time from blood sampling to availability of the results is too slow to be of clinical relevance in the massively bleeding patient.
The expression of LIM‐homeobox genes, Lhx1 and Lhx5, in the forebrain is essential for neural retina differentiation

Elucidating the mechanisms underlying eye development is essential for advancing the medical treatment of eye‐related disorders. The primordium of the eye is an optic vesicle (OV), which has a dual potential for generation of the developing neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. However, the factors that regulate the differentiation of the retinal primordium remain unclear. We have previously shown that overexpression of Lhx1 and Lhx5, members of the LIM‐homeobox genes, induced the formation of a second neural retina from the presumptive pigmented retina of the OV. However, the precise timing of Lhx1 expression required for neural retina differentiation has not been clarified. Moreover, RNA interference of Lhx5 has not been previously reported. Here, using a modified electroporation method, we show that, Lhx1 expression in the forebrain around stage 8 is required for neural retina formation. In addition, we have succeeded in the knockdown of Lhx5 expression, resulting in conversion of the neural retina region to a pigment vesicle‐like tissue, which indicates that Lhx5 is also required for neural retina differentiation, which correlates temporally with the activity of Lhx1. These results suggest that Lhx1 and Lhx5 in the forebrain regulate neural retina differentiation by suppressing the development of the retinal pigment epithelium, before the formation of the OV.
Exciting perspectives for Translational Myology in the Abstracts of the 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays: Giovanni Salviati Memorial – Chapter II - Abstracts of March 15, 2018

Myologists working in Padua (Italy) were able to continue a half-century tradition of studies of skeletal muscles, that started with a research on fever, specifically if and how skeletal muscle contribute to it by burning bacterial toxin. Beside main publications in high-impact-factor journals by Padua myologists, I hope to convince readers (and myself) of the relevance of the editing Basic and Applied Myology (BAM), retitled from 2010 European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM), of the institution of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova (CIR-Myo), and of a long series of International Conferences organized in Euganei Hills and Padova, that is, the PaduaMuscleDays. The 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays (2018SpPMD), were held in Euganei Hills and Padua (Italy), in March 14-17, and were dedicated to Giovanni Salviati. The main event of the “Giovanni Salviati Memorial”, was held in the Aula Guariento, Accademia Galileiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti of Padua to honor a beloved friend and excellent scientist 20 years after his premature passing. Using the words of Prof. Nicola Rizzuto, we all share his believe that Giovanni “will be remembered not only for his talent and originality as a biochemist, but also for his unassuming and humanistic personality, a rare quality in highly successful people like Giovanni. The best way to remember such a person is to gather pupils and colleagues, who shared with him the same scientific interests and ask them to discuss recent advances in their own fields, just as Giovanni have liked to do”. Since Giovanni’s friends sent many abstracts still influenced by their previous collaboration with him, all the Sessions of the 2018SpPMD reflect both to the research aims of Giovanni Salviati and the traditional topics of the PaduaMuscleDays, that is, basics and applications of physical, molecular and cellular strategies to maintain or recover functions of skeletal muscles. The translational researches summarized in the 2018SpPMD Abstracts are at the appropriate high level to attract approval of Ethical Committees, the interest of International Granting Agencies and approval for publication in top quality, international journals. In this chapter II are listed the abstracts of the March 15, 2018 Padua Muscle Day. All 2018SpPMD Abstracts are indexed at the end of the Chapter IV.
The Influence of Latitude and Distance From Seacoast On Dental Disease

THE purpose of this study is to bring together large geographical studies of dental disease among relatively homogeneous groups, plot them on maps, and apply statistical analysis to the plots. Such methods may lead to the recognition of etiological factors hitherto unstudied in their relation to dental disease. A number of reports have been made upon the geographical variations in dental disease found in military populations within the United States.1`4 One study of children made by the United States Public Health Service5 is large enough to give regional and often local comparisons. A few studies are available from other parts of the world showing variations in dental disease within widespread but racially somewhat homogeneous groups.6-8 Although some efforts have been made by the authors of these studies and others9' 10 to identify broad geographical factors which may be expected to influence dental disease anywhere in the world, much remains to be done in the plotting, analysis, and rationalization of the material which is available. The term "dental disease" is used advisedly because, in lack of more accurate case histories, one cannot exclude teeth lost for reasons other than caries. Above the age of 40 or 50 years, tooth losses from periodontal disease may easily exceed losses from caries. Nevertheless, studies of decayed, missing, and filled teeth among children or young adults and of military acceptance based upon these conditions may be presumed to be predominantly studies of caries. The difficulty of obtaining accurate dental data from large geographic areas is tremendous, even when populations are racially and socioeconomically relatively homogeneous. Existing nationwide surveys are far from ideal. Claude Bernard states appropriately that "we never compile statistics when we can possibly avoid it" and that "statistics -deal with probability, never certainty. " Nevertheless, probabilities are of interest when we are dealing with a disease which, like caries, seems to have multiple causation. , The larger the population groups to be studied, the more unknown variables which are likely to be present, but also the greater the chance that these variables will even out. We must do the best we can with the material we have. Any patterns seen consistently in large studies should be taken seriously.
Multiple sclerosis among immigrants.

Vaccine against swine influenza F E Andre, MRCPATH, and others. 1527 Multiple sclerosis among immigrants J F Kurtzke, FACP . 1527 Folate-responsive neuropathy M C Bateson, MRCP; J Runcie, FRCPGLAS, and M Manzoor, MB . 1528 Vaginal candidosis G R Daniel, MB; R A Sparks, MRCOG; C S Good, FRCS; R Pumpianski, MD, and S Ganor, MD . 1528 Fetal activity and fetal wellbeing P R B Pedlow, FRCOG; D D Mathews, MRCOG . 1529 Febrile fits S Livingston, MD, and Lydia L Pauli, MD. 1530 Perhexiline maleate in angina pectoris J D F Lockhart, MB, and H C Masheter, MB 1530 Intermittent claudication M Thomas, FRCS, and C R G Quick, FRCS. 1531 Laparoscopy explosion hazards with nitrous oxide G B Drummond, FFARCS, and D B Scott,
Estimation and Evidence in Forensic Anthropology: Age‐at‐Death

Abstract: A great deal has previously been written about the use of skeletal morphological changes in estimating ages‐at‐death. This article looks in particular at the pubic symphysis, as it was historically one of the first regions to be described in the literature on age estimation. Despite the lengthy history, the value of the pubic symphysis in estimating ages and in providing evidence for putative identifications remains unclear. This lack of clarity primarily stems from the fact that rather ad hoc statistical methods have been applied in previous studies. This article presents a statistical analysis of a large data set (n = 1766) of pubic symphyseal scores from multiple contexts, including anatomical collections, war dead, and victims of genocide. The emphasis is in finding statistical methods that will have the correct “coverage. ”“Coverage” means that if a method has a stated coverage of 50%, then approximately 50% of the individuals in a particular pubic symphyseal stage should have ages that are between the stated age limits, and that approximately 25% should be below the bottom age limit and 25% above the top age limit. In a number of applications it is shown that if an appropriate prior age‐at‐death distribution is used, then “transition analysis” will provide accurate “coverages,” while percentile methods, range methods, and means (±standard deviations) will not. Even in cases where there are significant differences in the mean ages‐to‐transition between populations, the effects on the stated age limits for particular “coverages” are minimal. As a consequence, more emphasis needs to be placed on collecting data on age changes in large samples, rather than focusing on the possibility of inter‐population variation in rates of aging.