Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of high compared with low dairy consumption on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility in overweight adults: a randomized crossover trial

ABSTRACT Background Dairy products contain many nutritious components that may benefit metabolic health. There are indications that glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which are generally disturbed in overweight and obese individuals, may improve by increased dairy intake. This may also affect one's metabolic flexibility. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high compared with low dairy intake on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility in overweight adults (aged 45–65 y). Methods In this randomized intervention study, subjects consumed a high- and a low-dairy diet [HDD (5–6 dairy portions) and LDD (≤1 dairy portion), respectively] for 6 wk in a crossover design, with a washout period of 4 wk. Dairy portions were 200 g semi–skimmed yoghurt, 30 g reduced-fat (30+) cheese, and 250 mL semiskimmed milk and buttermilk. After 6 wk, a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test (13C-labeled) and a subsequent fasting challenge were performed. Metabolic flexibility was studied by determining the respiratory quotient (RQ) using indirect calorimetry. Fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were analyzed. The dual isotope technique enabled calculation of glucose kinetics. Results The study was completed by 45 overweight men and postmenopausal women [age 58.9 ± 4.3 y, BMI 27.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2 (mean ± SD)]. Fasting RQ and ΔRQ, reflecting metabolic flexibility, did not differ after both diets. Fasting glucose concentrations were similar, whereas fasting insulin concentrations were lower after the LDD (LDD: 8.1 ± 2.8 mU/L; HDD: 8.9 ± 3.3 mU/L; P = 0.024). This resulted in a higher HOMA-IR after the HDD (P = 0.027). Postprandial glucose and insulin responses as well as glucose kinetics were similar after both diets. Conclusions The amount of dairy intake during a 6-wk period had a neutral effect on metabolic flexibility or postprandial glucose metabolism in middle-aged overweight subjects. More trials are needed to study the effects of specific dairy types and to differentiate between metabolic subgroups. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR4899.
Limited effects of macro-nutrient ratios on thiamin content and transfer in phytoplankton and copepods

Abstract Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is primarily produced by bacteria, phytoplankton and fungi in aquatic food webs and transferred to higher trophic levels by ingestion. However, much remains unknown regarding the dynamics this water-soluble, essential micronutrient; e.g. how it relates to macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous). Nutrient limitation has been found to be related to periods of thiamin deficiency as well as in models. Hence, thiamin transfer to copepods from three phytoplankton species from different taxa was investigated, along with the effect of various nutrient regimes on thiamin content. Nutrient levels did not affect thiamin content of phytoplankton nor the transfer to copepods. Instead, phytoplankton displayed species-specific thiamin and macronutrient contents and whilst a higher thiamin content in the prey lead to higher levels in copepods, the transfer was lower for Skeletonema compared to Dunaliella and Rhodomonas. In all, thiamin transfer to copepods is not only dependent on thiamin content of the prey, but also the edibility and/or digestibility is of importance. Thiamin is essential for all organisms, and this study offers insights into the limited effect of macronutrients on the dynamics and transfer of thiamin in the aquatic food webs.
Loan Payment Date Prediction Model Using Machine Learning Regression Algorithms

Any financial institution’s primary source of income is through loans. By expanding the money supply, loans keep the economy running. People and businesses utilize it for a variety of purposes, including personal costs, company expenses, and home purchases. However, because there is always a possibility of default, lending can turn into a risky venture for the bank. This study makes use of the data to forecast when a person or a company will pay back a loan, assisting the bank in creating the following business strategies. We have employed numerous machine learning algorithms to increase accuracy overall. Decision Tree, Random Forest, XG Boost, SVM, and other algorithms were employed. When using Python, the Decision Tree separates the data according to the parameters.
Motivation and Math Skills as Determinants of First-Year Performance in Economics

The importance of math skills for study success in economics has been widely researched. This article adds to the literature by combining information on students’ math skills and their motivation. The authors are thus able to present a rich picture of why students succeed in their study of economics and to confirm previous findings that deficient math preparation bodes ill for first-year study success in economics. However, the authors also find that within the population of math-deficient students, motivation matters. Applying factor analysis to a survey of students at Erasmus School of Economics, the authors identify four motivational factors; among these, intrinsic motivation is most strongly related to first-year study success. The authors also show that intrinsic motivation may help to overcome inadequate preparatory math education.
Penerimaan Mobile Banking di Kalangan Nasabah Perbankan Syariah

This study aims to investigate the factors that determine the acceptance of mobile banking among Islamic bank customers by using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model and two other additional variables, namely perceived risk and cost. By using SmartPLS 3.29, the empirical findings of this study show that performance expectations, business expectations, and facilitating conditions have a significant effect on the intention to use mobile banking. The empirical findings of this study also show that intention has a significant effect on the use of mobile banking. Meanwhile, perceived social influence, costs and risks do not have a significant effect on the intention to use mobile banking. Keywords: UTAUT, Risk, Cost, Mobile Banking, Islamic Bank,
Dynamic Lot Size Models for Multi-Stage Assembly Systems

A multi-stage assembly system is a special case of Veinott's general multi-facility system in that each facility may have any number of predecessors but at most a single successor. This paper presents two algorithms for computing optimal lot sizes in such systems with known time-varying demand. The first is a dynamic programming algorithm for which solution time increases exponentially with the number of time periods, but only linearly with the number of stages, irrespective of assembly structure. The second is a branch and bound algorithm intended for cases where the number of time periods is large but the structure is close to serial. Computational results are given and extensions considered.
Non-Radial Oscillations of Gaseous Masses.

In this paper the fundamental frequencies of non-radial oscillations of polytropic gas spheres, belonging to spherical harmonics of orders l = 1 and 2, are evaluated, in a "second approximation", by a variational method. Also, the value of the ratio of the specific heats γ is determined for which an accidental degeneracy occurs between the fundamental modes of radial oscillation and non-radial oscillation belonging to l = 2; it is found that this value of γ varies from 16 for a homogeneous compressible sphere to 1 5719 for a poly trope of index n = 3.
In-house Stroke: Are We Concerned Enough?

106 Stroke is now a global epidemic. It is the major cause of disability worldwide and the second leading cause of death. [1] In‐hospital stroke is a very sensitive issue and carries a high level of medico‐legal importance. Unfortunately, these stroke(s) have greater delays in time to intervention compared to out‐of‐hospital stroke. [2] There is the possibility of misdiagnosis by non‐neurologists and by those who do not deal with critical care. If not identified in time, we will miss the opportunity of acute stroke intervention, and patients may have a catastrophic result. So, it requires timely identification of cases and interdepartmental coordination so that the best possible management can be given. As because, stroke team can select cases and manage more confidently; activation of stroke team on slightest doubt is the call of the day. “Stroke code” needs to be announced immediately so that the patient gets all facilities of emergency service including transport, fast imaging, and subsequent intervention.
CO Outflows from Young Stellar Objects

We have mapped the CO J = 1-0 emission from molecular outflows associated with six young stellar systems using the BIMA array. The systems are all relatively nearby, have low-luminosity, and range from Class 0 to Class II sources. The CO outflows in these systems are complicated, showing multipolar structures, multiple cavities, and asymmetric lobes. The complicated appearance of the CO outflows may result from the interactions between one or more outflows and the nonuniform ambient cloud. The CO emission typically arises from shell structures around the outflow axis. For some outflows, there are also clumpy and bowlike structures in CO along the outflow axis within the shell. Comparing the observed outflow features to that of jet- and wind-driven models, we find that the outflow systems show some features that are characteristic of the jet-driven model and others characteristic of the wind-driven model. Simple models of jets or winds cannot reproduce the full range of kinematic features found in observed outflows. The jet-driven model requires jet wandering to produce the observed outflow width and momentum content for most of these outflows, while the wind-driven model needs to have a collimated core with a strong velocity gradient away from the core to produce the highly collimated outflows and the observed curved internal H2 bow shock structures.
Error Budget of Inverse Box Models: The North Atlantic

Linear inverse box models based on hydrographic data are widely used to estimate the ocean circulation and associated transports of heat and of other important quantities. The inverse method permits calculation of a circulation that is consistent with basic conservation laws such as those for mass or salt along with uncertainties. Both uncertainties and solution depend upon assumptions about noise and the limitations of linear models. Internal waves introduce noise into the measurements, while ocean variability sets bounds on the linear model skills when time average circulation is sought. Observations of internal wave spectra and sensitivity experiments on hydrographic data suggest estimates for measurement errors in transport calculations of 6 3S v (1 Sv8 106 m3 s 21 . 109 kg s21) at midlatitudes, with dependence on latitude. The output of a realistic numerical ocean model is used to quantify the impact of ocean variability on one-time hydrographic sections. The implied error is of order 68 Sv in net mass balance and 6100 kmol s21 in net silica balance. (The estimates are a priori errors.) Net mass balance has often been assumed more accurate with errors in individual layers compensating. While this may be true instantaneously, it is shown here that such an assumption leads to incorrect estimation of the time mean transports and diapycnal transfers.
Development of Apple Detection System and Reinforcement Learning for Apple Manipulator

Modern deep learning systems make it possible to develop increasingly intelligent solutions in various fields of science and technology. The electronics of single board computers facilitate the control of various robotic solutions. At the same time, the implementation of such tasks does not require a large amount of resources. However, deep learning models still require a high level of computing power. Thus, the effective control of an intelligent robot manipulator is possible when a computationally complex deep learning model on GPU graphics devices and a mechanics control unit on a single-board computer work together. In this regard, the study is devoted to the development of a computer vision model for estimation of the coordinates of objects of interest, as well as the subsequent recalculation of coordinates relative to the control of the manipulator to form a control action. In addition, in the simulation environment, a reinforcement learning model was developed to determine the optimal path for picking apples from 2D images. The detection efficiency on the test images was 92%, and in the laboratory it was possible to achieve 100% detection of apples. In addition, an algorithm has been trained that provides adequate guidance to apples located at a distance of 1 m along the Z axis. Thus, the original neural network used to recognize apples was trained using a big image dataset, algorithms for estimating the coordinates of apples were developed and investigated, and the use of reinforcement learning was suggested to optimize the picking policy.
The impact of early and mid-pregnant Hu ewes’ dietary protein and energy levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indices

ABSTRACT This study explored the effects of different protein and energy levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of ewes during early and mid-pregnancy. A total of 132 ewes were assigned to 5 groups (P1, P2 = E2, P3, E1, E3) to dietary protein levels (P1: 9.22%, P2: 10.04%, P3: 10.86%) and dietary energy levels (E1: 9.04 MJ/kg, E2: 9.53 MJ/kg, E3: 10.02 MJ/kg). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased with an increase in protein levels in early pregnancy (P = .008). In the P2 group, creatinine, triglyceride, and lactate levels were lowest and total protein levels were highest in mid-pregnancy (P < .05). Final weight, total weight gain, and average daily weight gain increased with an increase in energy levels of ewes (P < .05). BUN, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein decreased with an increase in energy levels in mid-pregnancy (P < .05). Alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose increased initially and then decreased with an increase in energy levels (P < .05). To sum up, we suggest that Hu sheep be fed diets with energy and protein levels of 10.02 MJ/kg and 10.04% in early and mid-pregnancy, respectively.
The mid-infrared spectral development of Nova Cen 1986

We have monitored the mid-infrared spectrum (8-13 μm) of Nova Cen 1986 for a 2.5-yr period, from day 146 until 883 d after outburst, when it became too faint to observe further. During that period the infrared spectrum showed evidence for emission from three separate dust components: (i) warm carbon-based grains, as commonly found in dust-forming novae; (ii) silicate grains; and (iii) small grains or large molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) or hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC). The presence of both carbon and silicate grains in the ejecta implies a substantial chemical and/or spatial non-uniformity within the ejecta. Nova Cen 1986 is the first nova in which the unidentified infrared (UIR) features (and hence PAHs or HACs) have been observed
A simple mechanism of raft formation in two-component fluid membranes

We present a simple model of two-component fluid membranes undergoing simultaneously a phase separation and permanent exchange of lipids with the surrounding medium. The balance of these two effects leads to the formation of stable domains of particular lipid composition. The characteristic size of the domains is controlled by the exchange rates of the lipids. This provides a simple mechanism for raft formation in out-of-equilibrium binary fluid membrane.
Gibson and Time: The Temporal Framework of Direct Perception

Abstract The serious import of Gibson’s statement warning that physics “abstractions” of space and time “are not appropriate to psychology,” has not been understood. Underlying the space and time of physics is a largely unexamined metaphysic, what can be termed the “classic” (or spatial) metaphysic. This metaphysic is what Gibson implicitly rejected. His concept of direct perception, and necessarily then, direct memory, rely on, in fact, require, an alternative metaphysic of space and time for their understandability – what can be termed a “temporal metaphysic,” a framework which was explicitly developed by Bergson in Matter and Memory.
The Transformed Hessian Operator in Seismic Inversion Imaging

In this paper, we summarize the influence of the Hessian operator in seismic inversion methods and review the mathematical and physical meanings of the Hessian operator in the seismic inversion imaging. The Hessian operator is the second derivation of the misfit function to the seismic model parameters. Its Green's function formulation under the acoustic wave approximation shows that the Hessian operator reflects the effects of the seismic acquisition system and wavelet frequency band during the projection of information from the data spaces to the model space. We propose two pseudo-Hessian forms for the least-squares migration and the full waveform inversion separately. The application of the plane-wave Hessian operator can lead to an amplitude-preserved migration result. The sub-offset Hessian can be used to the full waveform inversion to enhance the efficiency of inversion. At last, we discuss and evaluate the Hessian operator in seismic inversion imaging.
C formalised in HOL

We present a formal semantics of the C programming language, covering both the type system and the dynamic behaviour of programs. The semantics is wide-ranging, covering most of the language, with its most significant omission being the C library. Using a structural operational semantics we specify transition relations for C’s expressions, statements and declarations in higher order logic. The consistency of our definition is assured by its specification in the HOL theorem prover. With the theorem prover, we have used the semantics as the basis for a set of proofs of interesting theorems about C. We investigate properties of expressions and statements separately. In our chapter of results about expressions, we begin with two results about the interaction between the type system and the dynamic semantics. We have both type preservation, that the values produced by expressions conform to the type predicted for them; and type safety, that typed expressions will not block, but will either evaluate to a value, or cause undefined behaviour. We then also show that two broad classes of expression are deterministic. This last result is of considerable practical value as it makes later verification proofs significantly easier. In our chapter of results about statements, we prove a series of derived rules that provide C with Floyd-Hoare style “axiomatic” rules for verifying properties of programs. These rules are consequences of the original semantics, not independently stated axioms, so we can be sure of their soundness. This chapter also proves the correctness of an automatic tool for constructing post-conditions for loops with break and return statements. Finally, we perform some simple verification case studies, going some way towards demonstrating practical utility for the semantics and accompanying tools. This technical report is substantially the same as the PhD thesis I submitted in August 1998. The minor differences between that document and this are principally improvements suggested by my examiners Andy Gordon and Tom Melham, whom I thank for their help and careful reading.
Experimental study of the impact of large-scale wind farms on land–atmosphere exchanges

Large-scale wind farms, covering a significant portion of the land and ocean surface, may affect the transport of momentum, heat, mass and moisture between the atmosphere and the land locally and globally. To understand the wind-farm–atmosphere interaction, we conducted wind-tunnel experiments to study the surface scalar (heat) flux using model wind farms, consisting of more than ten rows of wind turbines—having typical streamwise and spanwise spacings of five and four rotor diameters—in a neutral boundary layer with a heated surface. The spatial distribution of the surface heat flux was mapped with an array of surface heat flux sensors within the quasi-developed regime of the wind-farm flow. Although the overall surface heat flux change produced by the wind farms was found to be small, with a net reduction of 4% for a staggered wind farm and nearly zero change for an aligned wind farm, the highly heterogeneous spatial distribution of the surface heat flux, dependent on the wind-farm layout, was significant. The difference between the minimum and maximum surface heat fluxes could be up to 12% and 7% in aligned and staggered wind farms, respectively. This finding is important for planning intensive agriculture practice and optimizing farm land use strategy regarding wind energy project development. The well-controlled wind-tunnel experiments presented in this study also provide a first comprehensive dataset on turbulent flow and scalar transport in wind farms, which can be further used to develop and validate new parameterizations of surface scalar fluxes in numerical models.
Unravelling How Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein Coordinates DNA Metabolism Using Single-Molecule Approaches

Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) play vital roles in DNA metabolism. Proteins of the SSB family exclusively and transiently bind to ssDNA, preventing the DNA double helix from re-annealing and maintaining genome integrity. In the meantime, they interact and coordinate with various proteins vital for DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Although SSB is essential for DNA metabolism, proteins of the SSB family have been long described as accessory players, primarily due to their unclear dynamics and mechanistic interaction with DNA and its partners. Recently-developed single-molecule tools, together with biochemical ensemble techniques and structural methods, have enhanced our understanding of the different coordination roles that SSB plays during DNA metabolism. In this review, we discuss how single-molecule assays, such as optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers, Förster resonance energy transfer, and their combinations, have advanced our understanding of the binding dynamics of SSBs to ssDNA and their interaction with other proteins partners. We highlight the central coordination role that the SSB protein plays by directly modulating other proteins’ activities, rather than as an accessory player. Many possible modes of SSB interaction with protein partners are discussed, which together provide a bigger picture of the interaction network shaped by SSB.
Concurrent visual navigation and localisation using inverse perspective transformation

A low-cost, simple and efficient approach to reactive visual navigation addressed to mobile robots, complemented with an accurate localisation algorithm' is presented. The system is mainly supported on the continuous detection and tracking of image features which are classified as obstacle or ground points using the inverse perspective transformation. While obstacle points are used for collision avoidance, ground points are used for localisation in a Rao-Blackwellised particle filter context. Results obtained from experiments conducted indoors and outdoors illustrate the wide range of scenarios where the technique can be successfully employed.
Dispersion and Cyclotron Damping of Pure Ion Bernstein Waves

Ion Bernstein waves are excited by a long wire in the center of a potassium Q-machine plasma column. Because the wave vector is very nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field, we observe pure ion Bernstein waves, in contrast to neutralized ion Bernstein waves which were previously observed. Finally, the frequency bands for the cyclotron damping are so narrow that we can distinguish the isotopes of potassium.