Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responsabilidades individuais ou pressões institucionais? Discussões sobre o papel dos gestores na definição de responsabilidades corporativas

Este ensaio visa apresentar um possivel caminho teorico aqueles interessados em compreender comportamentos individuais idiossincraticos dos gestores em face de quadros institucionais no desenvolvimento de politicas e praticas de responsabilidade social corporativa. Discorre-se acerca do paradoxo individuo/organizacao; e, para tanto, busca-se subsidios na teoria institucional para compreender se adocao abordagens de RSC seria um comportamento individual dos gestores com base em caracteristicas comportamentais ou uma resposta ao quadro institucional. O objetivo e mostrar tal caminho a partir de uma construcao entre comportamento pro-social dos gestores e empreendedorismo institucional como uma possivel resposta a este paradoxo. Apresenta-se, assim, o empreendedor social, no contexto de acoes proativas de RSC, como o individuo possuidor de comportamentos pro-sociais, no sentido de que busca promover praticas e acoes responsaveis que vao alem do exigido pela lei e pelas normas sociais. Considerando que os individuos percebem o contexto de distintas formas - sendo estas unicas e incompletas -, a emergencia de posturas proativas em relacao a RSC transcende o esperado pelos distintos sistemas de negocios e revelam uma postura mais explicita, que pode estar relacionada a existencia de um comportamento pro-social por parte dos gestores ao balizarem suas acoes pelo bem da coletividade e ampliando o seu escopo de visao para alem das expectativas dos stakeholders. Assim, empreendedores institucionais que engajam no desenvolvimento de iniciativas de RSC possuem recursos e interesses na modificacao das praticas institucionalmente estabelecidas e, assim, sao capazes de conduzir a empresa a um caminho sustentavel. Muito em parte, acredita-se que tais individuos possuam tracos inegaveis de comportamento pro-social, na medida em que utilizam seus recursos e interesses em iniciativas de bem comum e nao somente para os propositos individuais. O presente ensaio nao pretende esgotar as discussoes academicas em relacao a responsabilidade individual, nem mesmo apresentar o conceito de comportamento pro-social como normativa unica para os estudos neste âmbito. O proposito aqui e o de levantar insights e possibilidades para a compreensao de como pode ser tratada a responsabilidade individual dos gestores.
Comparative analysis of similarity measures in Heterogeneous Information Network

Information network derived from various domains are studied recently. Searching for Similarity is a major task into such types Information Network. Lot of research on computing similar objects is done in Homogeneous Information Network. But real world scenario can be described easily by Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) which consists of different types of entities and relationship among them. Due to multiple type of entities and links between them in HIN, it is necessary to find the similarities between the nodes of HIN. In Homogeneous Information Network, there is only single type of node and links in between them. There are many existing methods by which similarity among the nodes of Homogeneous Information Network can be calculated. But those methods cannot be applied for the HIN because semantic meaning behind each path cannot be considered. If we want to apply techniques of Homogeneous Information Network on HIN then we need to project HIN into Homogeneous Information Network which causes loss of Information. So there is a need to apply different techniques or similarity measures on HIN to calculate the similarities between nodes in HIN. There are many similarity measures implemented by researchers for HIN. Similarity search basically concentrates on discovering the most similarity objects for a given query entity. In a comparative analysis section, we have discussed some of the measures used for similarity.
Intermarket Analysis: Profiting from Global Market Relationships

Acknowledgments. Introduction to Intermarket Analysis. 1. A Review of the 1980s. 2. 1990 and the First Persian Gulf War. 3. The Stealth Bear Market of 1994. 4. The 1997 Asian Currency Crisis and Deflation. 5. 1999 Intermarket Trends Leading to Market Top. 6. Review of Intermarket Principles. 7. The NASDAQ Bubble Bursts in 2000. 8. Intermarket Picture in Spring 2003. 9. Falling Dollar During 2002 Boosts Commodities. 10. Shifting from Paper to Hard Assets. 11. Futures Markets and Asset Allocation. 12. Intermarket Analysis and the Business Cycle. 13. The Impact of the Business Cycle on Market Sectors. 14. Diversifying with Real Estate. 15. Thinking Globally. Appendix. Index.
Comparison of X-ray crystal structures of a tetradecamer sequence d(CCCGGGTACCCGGG)2 at 1.7 Å resolution

ABSTRACT We present here a comparison of three different X-ray crystal structures of DNA tetradecamer sequence d(CCCGGGTACCCGGG)2 all at about 1.7 Å resolution. The sequence was designed as an attempt to form a DNA four-way junction with A-type helical arms. However, in the presence of zinc, magnesium, and in the absence of any metal ion, it does not take up the junction structure, but forms an A-type double helix. This allowed us to study possible conformational changes in the double helix due to the presence of metal ions. Upon addition of the zinc ion, there is a change in the space group from P41212 to P41. The overall conformation of the duplex remains the same. There are small changes in the interaction of the metal ions with the DNA. In the zinc-bound structure, there are two zinc ions that show direct interaction with the N7 atoms of terminal G13 bases at either end of the molecule. There are small changes in the interhelical contacts. The consequence of these differences is to break some of the symmetry and change the space group.
U.S. Gasoline Demand: What Next?

Predicting the demand for motor gasoline over the last ten years has proven a most frustrating experience. Up until 1973, industry analysts felt considerable assurance in applying historical growth rates that averaged approximately 5 percent per year. Who in 1973 would have predicted that gasoline consumption in 1981 would fall below 1973 levels? For example, in 1973, Shell Oil Company predicted annual growth of 4.9 percent per year. Their forecasted value for the year 1981 exceeded the actual level by 42.7 percent (Shell, 1973). Unfortunately, errors of this magnitude are not as benign as predicting the point spread in a pro football game. To the contrary, both private and public policy decisions depend on the accuracy of such forecasts. Because of the importance of gasoline as the major refinery product, refinery expansion plans and retail marketing strategies are conditioned on such forecasts. Similarly, public policy decisions regarding auto efficiency standards, auto pollution controls, and oil import policy depend on gasoline demand forecasts. Current forecasts tend to be extremely pessimistic with respect to gasoline demand in the 1980s. Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates predicts a 14.7 percent decline in motor-vehicle fuel demand over the decade of the 1980s; Exxon's Energy Outlook predicts a 15.6 percent decline over the decade. Is such pessimism warranted? Are there key assumptions, which if changed, could produce a substantially different picture?
Global Systemically Important Financial Institutions: A Structural VAR Approach

Systemic importance of a ﬁnancial institution is measured as the additional tail loss induced into the system when the ﬁnancial institution falls into distress due to its own structural shocks. The use of a structural approach is step towards addressing a key concern in systemic risk literature, “Is the ﬁrm impacting the market, or is the market impacting the ﬁrm? ” The identiﬁcation exploits a novel source of restrictions which arise from the common assumption of a dynamic factor model where the factors are constructed from individual ﬁrms, akin to the market portfolio used in asset pricing. The structural representation is revealed by accounting for the embedded endogeneity due to simultaneity. “Too-big-to-fail” restrictions are assumed and the data reveals “too-interconnected-to-fail”, thereby incorporating the two key considerations of systemic importance. Over 21,000 ﬁrms listed globally are modelled jointly as a system.
A High Performance Scan Flip-Flop Design for Serial and Mixed Mode Scan Test

Over the years, serial scan design has become the de-facto design for testability technique. The ease of testing and high test coverage has made it gain widespread industrial acceptance. However, there are penalties associated with the serial scan design. These penalties include performance degradation, test data volume, test application time, and test power dissipation. The performance overhead of scan design is due to the scan multiplexers added to the inputs of every flip-flop. In today’s very high-speed designs with minimum possible combinational depth, the performance degradation caused by the scan multiplexer has become magnified. Hence, to maintain circuit performance, the timing overhead of scan design must be addressed. In this paper, we propose a new scan flip-flop design that eliminates the performance overhead of serial scan. The proposed design removes the scan multiplexer from the functional path. The proposed design can help improve the functional frequency of performance critical designs. Furthermore, the proposed design can be used as a common scan flip-flop in the “mixed scan” test wherein it can be used as a serial scan cell as well as a random access scan (RAS) cell. The mixed scan test architecture has been implemented using the proposed scan flip-flop. The experimental results show a promising reduction in interconnect wire length, test time, and test data volume, compared to the state-of-the-art RAS and multiple serial scan implementations.
Die Food Movements und ihre Forderungen: zur politischen Dimension alternativer Ernährungsgeographien

Zusammenfassung Spätestens seit der jüngsten Finanz- und Nahrungsmittelkrise der Jahre 2007 und 2008 sind das Thema „Ernährung“ und insbesondere das Recht auf selbstbestimmte Nahrungsmittelproduktion zentrale Gegenstände gegenwärtiger Kämpfe um soziale Gerechtigkeit. Deutliche Anzeichen dieses Phänomens sind die sowohl im globalen Süden als auch im Norden zu beobachtende Entstehung und zunehmende Vernetzung diverser Food Movements, die Forderungen nach Ernährungsgerechtigkeit, Food Democracy oder Ernährungssouveränität stellen und sich damit explizit gegen die neoliberale Ordnung und eine unternehmerische Nahrungsmittelproduktion wenden. Ein besonderes Merkmal dieser Bewegungen ist, dass sie sich in der Praxis nicht nur durch die „klassischen“ Formen des politischen Protestes auszeichnen, etwa durch Demonstrationen oder öffentlichen Kampagnen, sondern auch durch eigeninitiierte und selbstbestimmte Formen des Wirtschaftens, z. B. durch Initiativen ökologischer und solidarischer Landwirtschaft sowie durch regionale Tausch- und Allmendesysteme. Unter Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen Literatur lassen sich diese Parallelökonomien auch als „alternative Ernährungsgeographien“ bezeichnen, da sie sich in unterschiedlichem Maße gegen die kapitalistische Verwertungslogik richten und auf eine wertebasierte „Wiederverräumlichung“ der Nahrungsmittelproduktion sowie ihrer Verteilung abzielen. Trotz der insgesamt hohen internationalen Aufmerksamkeit zu diesem Thema existieren jedoch nur wenige Arbeiten, die sich explizit mit der normativen Grundlage der Food Movements auseinandersetzen, d. h. mit den in der Politischen Theorie kontrovers diskutierten Ideen der Souveränität, der Gerechtigkeit und der Demokratie. Dieser Artikel zielt darauf ab, eine theoriebasierte Diskussion hinsichtlich dieser Forschungslücke anzuregen und mögliche Widersprüche aufzuzeigen, die diese vielschichtigen Ideale im Kontext dieses Themenfeldes offenbaren. Zugleich hat der Beitrag den Anspruch, eine erweiterte Grundlage für empirisches Arbeiten zu den Food Movements bzw. zu den alternativen Ernährungsgeographien zu bieten. Dazu werden Ansätze aus der Agrarsoziologie, der Humangeographie und der Politischen Theorie diskutiert und v. a. der Gerechtigkeitstheorie Nancy Frasers größere Beachtung geschenkt. Dieser aus der Kritischen Theorie stammende Ansatz eröffnet eine differenzierte Perspektive auf den inhaltlichen Facettenreichtum und die potenzielle Widersprüchlichkeit sozialer Gerechtigkeit, die auch Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Food Movements und ihrer Forderungen in ihrer praktischen Entfaltung erleichtern kann. Darüber hinaus bietet Frasers Theorie wertvolle Anknüpfungspunkte zu humangeographischem Denken, da sie nicht nur die inhaltliche, sondern auch die räumliche Dimension von Gerechtigkeitsfragen im Zeitalter der Globalisierung berücksichtigt.
Signal transduction and human disease

Acknowledgments. Contributors. Introduction. 1. Atherosclerosis: Signal Transduction by Oxygen and Nitrogen Radicals (Jonathan M. Hill, Ilsa I. Rovira, and Toren Finkel). 2. NF-kB:A Key Signaling Pathway in Asthma (Stewart J. Levine). 3. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer (Akrit Sodhi, Silvia Montaner, and J. Silvio Gutkind). 4. Apoptotic Pathways in Cancer Progression and Treatment (Joya Chandra and Scott H. Kaufmann). 5. Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Insulin Resistance: Implications for Diabetes (Derek Le Roith, Michael J. Quon, and Yehiel Zick). 6. Dysfunction of G Protein-Regulated Pathways and Endocrine Diseases (William F. Simonds). 7. Bacterial Regulation of the Cytoskeleton (Jeremy W. Peck, Dora C. Stylianou, and Peter D. Burbelo). 8. Bacterial Toxins and Diarrhea (Walter A. Patton, Joel Moss, and Martha Vaughan). 9. Molecular Basis of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: Lessons from Cytokine Signaling Pathways (Roberta Visconti, Fabio Candotti, and John J. O'Shea). 10. Mast Cell-Related Diseases: Genetics, Signaling Pathways, and Novel Therapies (Michael A. Beaven and Thomas R. Hundley). 11. Rheumatology and Signal Transduction (Keith M. Hull and Daniel L. Kastner). 12. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disorders (Benjamin Wolozin). 13. Neurotrophic Signaling in Mood Disorders (Jing Du,Todd D. Gould, and Husseini K. Manji). 14. Inhibiting Signaling Pathways Through Rational Drug Design (James N.Topper and Neill A. Giese). Index.
Fashion branding and consumer behaviors : scientific models

Preface. - I. Introduction and Review. - Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors: An Introduction. - Luxury Fashion Branding: Literature Review, Research Trends and Research Agenda for Scientific Research. - Fashion Brand Personality and Advertisement Response: Incorporating a Symbolic Interactionist Perspective. - II. Analytical Modeling Research. - Optimizing Fashion Branding Strategies: Management of Variety of Items and Length of Lifecycles in a Stochastically Fluctuating Market. - An Analysis of Fashion Brand Extensions by Artificial Neural Networks. - III. Empirical Studies. - "Domestic Made" or "Foreign Made" Luxury Brands? A Comparative Investigation Between Status and Non-Status Seeking Teenagers. - Co-branding in Fast Fashion: the Impact of Consumers' Need for Uniqueness on Purchase Perception. - How Brand Awareness Relates to Market Outcome, Brand Equity and the Marketing Mix. - Consumer Perceived Risks Towards Online Group Buying Service for Fashion Apparel Products.
Personal wayfinding assistance

We are traveling many different routes every day. In familiar environments it is easy for us to find our ways. We know our way from bedroom to kitchen, from home to work, from parking place to office, and back home at the end of the working day. We have learned these routes in the past and are now able to find our destination without having to think about it. As soon as we want to find a place beyond the demarcations of our mental map, we need help. In some cases we ask our friends to explain us the way, in other cases we use a map to find out about the place. Mobile phones are increasingly equipped with wayfinding assistance. These devices are usually at hand because they are handy and small, which enables us to get wayfinding assistance everywhere where we need it. While the small size of mobile phones makes them handy, it is a disadvantage for displaying maps. Geographic information requires space to be visualized in order to be understandable. Typically, not all information displayed in maps is necessary. An example are walking ways in parks for car drivers, they are they are usually no relevant route options. By not displaying irrelevant information, it is possible to compress the map without losing important information. To reduce information purposefully, we need information about the user, the task at hand, and the environment it is embedded in. In this cumulative dissertation, I describe an approach that utilizes the prior knowledge of the user to adapt maps to the to the limited display options of mobile devices with small displays. I focus on central questions that occur during wayfinding and relate them to the knowledge of the user. This enables the generation of personal and context-specific wayfinding assistance in the form of maps which are optimized for small displays. To achieve personalized assistance, I present algorithmic methods to derive spatial user profiles from trajectory data. The individual profiles contain information about the places users regularly visit, as well as the traveled routes between them. By means of these profiles it is possible to generate personalized maps for partially familiar environments. Only the unfamiliar parts of the environment are presented in detail, the familiar parts are highly simplified. This bears great potential to minimize the maps, while at the same time preserving the understandability by including personally meaningful places as references. To ensure the understandability of personalized maps, we have to make sure that the names of the places
Twelve tips for evaluating educational programs

At one time or another, nearly all educators will need to evaluate an educational program to determine its merit or worth. These tips will help readers collect information to inform a meaningful evaluation, whether for local use or broad dissemination (i.e., research). The two most important questions in any evaluation are, ‘Whose opinion matters? ’ and ‘What would really be meaningful to them? ’ Other key steps include getting input from others, focusing on desired outcomes before selecting instruments, considering the validity or trustworthiness of the data, and pilot testing the evaluation process.
Impact of large scale grid-connected wind generators on the power system network

In recent years, there has been a large increase in power demand without corresponding increase in power generation. With the issues around global warming, the use of renewable energy such as wind and solar has gained popularity. Renewable energy is clean, sustainable (will never run out), environmentally friendly. In addition, it requires a relatively low maintenance and running costs. Many countries are looking into integrating wind farms into their grids so as to reduce their carbon emissions, increase energy security and possibly create jobs. Although wind energy has many advantages, the integration of wind farms into the power grid may cause some problems due to the random nature of wind. Increasing penetration levels of wind power is expected to impact on the stability of the system, in particular voltage stability. Commonly used wind generator technologies are: Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG), Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and the Direct-Drive Synchronous Generator (DDSG). The SCIG is a fixed speed wind generator whilst the DFIG and DDSG are variable speed wind generators. This paper investigates the impact of large scale grid-connected wind generators on the power system network. It is shown that the voltage stability of the system depends to a large extend on the wind generator technology used. The SCIG wind turbines can reduce the system reactive power reserve margins. The higher the integration of the SCIG wind farm, the more the reactive power margins are reduced. Overall, the system is more vulnerable to voltage instability with SCIG wind farms. Variable speed wind generators on the other hand tend to have a better performance when connected to the grid. The integration of DFIG and/or DDSG greatly improves the reactive power margins of the system and thereby the voltage stability of the system.
In-vitro analysis of APA microcapsules for oral delivery of live bacterial cells

Oral administration of microcapsules containing live bacterial cells has potential as an alternative therapy for several diseases. This article evaluates the suitability of the alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules for oral delivery of live bacterial cells, in-vitro, using a dynamic simulated human gastro-intestinal (GI) model. Results showed that the APA microcapsules were morphologically stable in the simulated stomach conditions, but did not retain their structural integrity after a 3-day exposure in simulated human GI media. The microbial populations of the tested bacterial cells and the activities of the tested enzymes in the simulated human GI suspension were not substantially altered by the presence of the APA microcapsules, suggesting that there were no significant adverse effects of oral administration of the APA microcapsules on the flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. When the APA microcapsules containing Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (LP80) were challenged in the simulated gastric medium (pH = 2.0), 80.0% of the encapsulated cells remained viable after a 5-min incubation; however, the viability decreased considerably (8.3%) after 15 min and dropped to 2.6% after 30 min and lower than 0.2% after 60 min, indicating the limitations of the currently obtainable APA membrane for oral delivery of live bacteria. Further in-vivo studies are required before conclusions can be made concerning the inadequacy of APA microcapsules for oral delivery of live bacterial cells.
Globalisation, Accumulation and Inequality – the Case of Germany

Abstract We study the conditions under which in a small open economy the labour share in national income may retain a stable value and the significance of primary savings from labour income is maintained. We conclude that the growth of domestic product must not be lower than the real rate of return on capital weighted by the savings ratio of asset holders. For Germany, we estimate a hurdle rate of growth of about 1.5 % that must be surpassed in the long run just to prevent the labour share from falling indefinitely. The condition has not been met for a number of years, because of chronically sluggish growth and high structural unemployment. We present a dynamic model of economic integration to show that, to a large extent, this pattern is an effect of globalisation. Besides fostering innovation, reinforcing the education system should have priority. Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen die Bedingungen, unter denen in einer kleinen offenen Volkswirtschaft der Lohnanteil am Volkseinkommen langfristig konstant bleibt und die Bedeutung der primären Ersparnis erhalten bleibt. Im Ergebnis darf das Wachstum des Inlandsprodukts nicht niedriger sein als die Kapitalrendite, gewichtet mit der Sparquote der Anleger. Wir schätzen einen Schwellenwert von 1,5 % für das Wachstum, der langfristig übertroffen werden muss, um einen sich stetig fortsetzenden Rückgang der Lohnquote zu verhindern. Aufgrund chronisch schleppenden Wachstums und hoher struktureller Arbeitslosigkeit ist diese Bedingung in Deutschland schon seit mehreren Jahren nicht mehr erfüllt. Mit Hilfe eines dynamischen Modells ökonomischer Integration argumentieren wir, dass dieses Muster zu einem Gutteil eine Folge der Globalisierung ist. Neben einer innovationsfreundlichen Politik wird die verstärkte Bildung von Humankapital empfohlen.