Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drivers of China’s Economic Growth in the Late Stage of Industrialization

As shown by the experience of various countries, economic growth is not a natural process that takes care of itself. Some economies maintain long-term sustained economic growth and have since a long time ago ranked among high-income societies where residents enjoy quite advanced fruits of civilization; some economies have succeeded in economic take-off and catch-up; but still, more of the economies have gone through a tortuous and slow process for development in which they once achieved rapid growth, but later lost the momentum for further development, and today remain as low-to-middle income countries.Overall, their economic development process reveals maintenance of economic growth momentum and cultivation of new growth engines especially when one development stage transits to another or when the old growth engine loses steam are central to sustained economic growth. China is an economy that witnesses fast economic growth and rapid transformation in the economic structure. In 2014 the Chinese government proposed that “Chinese economy grows more advanced in form, featuring more complicated division of labor and a more reasonable structure. China has entered into a new normal characterized by middle-and-high speed growth rather than break-neck expansion, and the drivers of economic growth turn to be new rather than traditional growth points”. Therefore, an accurate analysis of the evolving law about the economic growth drivers in different development stages holds great significance to promoting sustainable growth of Chinese economy.
CNS regeneration : basic science and clinical advances

K. Tuszynski, Introduction. CNS Responses to Injury: M. Sofroniew, Neuronal Responses to Injury. R. Grill and M. Tuszynski, Axonal Responses to Injury. J. Silver, Glial Responses to Injury. J. Zivin, Excitotoxins and Free Radicals. Promoting CNS Recovery: R. Lindsay, Neurotrophic Factors. J. Kordower and M. Tuszynski, Fetal Cell Grafts: General Principles. F. Gage, Primary CNS Progenitor Cells. E. Snyder, Immortalized Neural Progenitor Cells. X. Breakfield, Genetic Engineering. Promoting Recovery in Neurological Disease: J. Kordower, Introduction to Parkinson's Disease. P. Brunding, Fetal Grafts in Parkinson's Disease: Rat Models. J. Sladek, Fetal Grafts in Parkinson's Disease: Primate Models. O. Isaacson, Xenografts for Parkinson's Disease. J. Kordower and R. Bakay, Fetal Grafts in Parkinson's Disease: Human Studies. B. Hoffer, GDNF for Parkinson's Disease. K. Bankiewicz, Genetic Engineering for Parkinson's Disease. M. Peschanski, Huntington's Disease: Fetal Grafting O. Isaacson and J. Kordower, Huntington's Disease: Neurotrophic Factors. M. Tuszynski, Introduction to Alzheimer's Disease. M. Tuszynski, J. Kordower, E. Mufson, and F. Gage,Neurotrophic Factors, Gene Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease. C. Cotman, bFGF for Alzheimer's Disease. J. Kordower and T. Collier, Fetal Grafts for Alzheimer's Disease: Animal Models. P. Aebischer, ALS: Neurotrophic Factors and Encapsulated Cells. M. Tuszynski, R. Grill, and A. Blesch, Gene Therapy and Spinal Cord Injury. M. Bunge, Schwann Cells and Synthetic Matrices for Spinal Cord Repair. K. Shannon, Designing Clinical Trials. Subject Index.
Parental Misperceptions of Incoming Student Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs

College student drinking has long been a concern of college administrators, faculty, staff, and parents of students. National binge drinking rates among college students are over 40% (Wechsler et al., 2002). Annually, problems associated with this high-risk use of alcohol include 500,000 unintentional injuries, 70,000 sexual assaults, and 600,000 assaults among students between the ages of 18 and 24 years (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 2002a). In addition, the NIAAA reports that alcohol is a contributing factor for the almost one third drop-out rate of first-year students. Although most campuses have established education and intervention programs to address these issues, drinking continues to be a concern especially among first-year students. Some research indicates that student drinking increases after arriving on campus (Baer, Kivlahan, & Marlatt, 1995; Harford & Muthén, 2001; Leeman & Wapner, 2001; Leibsohn, 1994; Lo & Globetti, 1995), whereas Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, and Castillo (1994) note that there is a continuity of drinking behaviors between high school and college. Leibsohn notes the frequency of use increases but not the number of times students report getting drunk. Others have found that this reported increase in drinking during the first year decreases over subsequent years (Turrisi, Padilla, & Wierma, 2000; Wechsler, Dowdall, Maenner, GledhillHoyt, & Lee, 1998). Regardless of the timing of the increased rates of use, first-year students are particularly at risk as they make the transition from high school to college. Schulenberg et al. (2001) note student drinking rates during the first few years of college surpass those of their peers not in college. In addition, this rate of alcohol use can negatively contribute to the transition to college. These trends in college student drinking do not appear to be changing (Wechsler et al., 2002). However, parental involvement is changing on many campuses and could assist with this unyielding problem. Hover (2004) notes that over the last 20 years colleges and universities have established more ways to connect with parents and keep them involved. This has been done through the creation of parent relations offices, parent committees, parent associations, and parent orientations. This increase in parental involvement could be an important component in alcohol and other drug prevention and education. The theory of individuation-connectedness addresses changes in the adolescent–parent relationship as young adults establish their own identities. As the relationship transforms from one of unilateral authority to one of interdependence, the young adults will develop as Parent Misperceptions of Incoming Student Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs
Morphological and molecular characterization of Ctenocephalides spp isolated from dogs in north of Iran

The main aim of the present study was to assess the infestation level of Ctenocephalides spp on domestic dogs in Meshkinshahr County, located in Ardabil province (north of Iran). A total of 20 domestic dogs were randomly selected for this study. After flea combing, results revealed that 100% of the dogs were infested with fleas. A total number of 942 fleas were collected. Two species were identified, of which Ctenocephalides canis the most abundant (98.73%) was followed by C. felis (1.27%). The dog flea, C. canis was the most common flea infesting 100% dogs and C. felis was identified on 7/20 (35%). The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of C. canis and C. felis collected from dogs to clarify the taxonomic status of these species. The results of PCR assay and sequence analysis did not show clear molecular differences between C. canis and C. felis.
Measuring the ventilation rate in occupied buildings and adapting the CO2 tracer gas technique

Measuring ventilation rates in occupied dwellings is challenging but represents the conditions that occupants experience. This paper explores the constraints of existing methods when measuring the ventilation rate of occupied buildings and proposes a new method addressing some of them. Ventilation rates in occupied buildings can change over short time scales due to changes in weather or window and door positions. PFT based methods measure average ventilation over an extended period. Similarly, an annualised ventilation rate based on the ‘20th rule of thumb’ can be approximated using pressurisation tests. It is unclear how the results relate to the ventilation rate under any specific conditions. Conversely, measurement periods of less than an hour are possible with tracer gas techniques. The spatial scale over which ventilation is measured is important. Whole dwelling estimates are obtained from pressurisation tests and tracer gas methods if the whole dwelling is dosed. In both cases internal doors must be open, affecting the airflow, which may or may not reflect the occupied configuration. Differences between whole dwelling and in-use ventilation could be important for IAQ and heat loss. Single zone tracer gas techniques have been applied to one room and assumed to represent the whole dwelling. Multi-zone methods using several different gases are not usually applied in occupied buildings because of the complexity of the experimental set-up. Measurement techniques must be acceptable to occupants. Pressurisation tests are minimally disruptive, taking less than an hour. PFT measurements are unobtrusive, only requiring small sources and sorption tubes. Injection of tracer gases, such as SF6, and concentration measurement can require pumped gas sampling which is noisy and bulky, causing inconvenience to the occupants. Metabolic CO2 based methods do not require the injection of gas or pumped sampling and may be more acceptable to occupants. CO2 decay techniques require knowledge of occupancy; historically this has relied on occupant reports, assumed hours of occupancy, or hand-picked sections of data. Similarly, CO2 equilibrium or accumulation techniques require knowledge of the CO2 generation rate and occupant activities. A new approach has been developed to address some of these issues, based on metabolic CO2 tracer gas decay. An algorithm for identifying when a dwelling is occupied has been developed, agreeing with reported occupancy in 87% of cases, meaning that large volumes of data can be analysed automatically. CO2 is measured in each room every 5 minutes, meaning that sub-hourly variations in ventilation rate, and variation between rooms, can be explored. Proximity sensors are used to monitor windows and doors, so that ventilation can be calculated during periods with constant conditions, and variation due to different configurations can be investigated. The proposed method represents a step towards appropriate measurement of ventilation and its variation in occupied buildings.
QUERY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OVER HEALTH DATA

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number and variety of application scenarios studied under the e-health. Each application generates an immense data that is growing constantly. In this context, it becomes an important challenge to store and analyze the data efficiently and economically via conventional database management tools. The traditional relational database systems may sometimes not answer the requirements of the increased type, volume, velocity and dynamic structure of the new datasets. Effective healthcare data management and its transformation into information/knowledge are therefore challenging issues. So, organizations especially hospitals and medical centers that deal with immense data, either have to purchase new systems or re-tool what they already have. The new data models so-called NOSQL, its management tool Hadoop Distributed File Systems is replacing RDBMs especially in real-time healthcare data analytics processes. It becomes a real challenge to perform complex reporting in these applications as the size of the data grows exponentially. Along with that, there is customers demand complex analysis and reporting on those data. Compared to the traditional DBs, Hadoop Framework is designed to process a large volume of data. In this study, we examine the query performance of a traditional DBs and Big Data platforms on healthcare data. In this paper, we try to explore whether it is really necessary to invest on big data environment to run queries on the high volume data or this can also be done with the current relational database management systems and their supporting hardware infrastructure. We present our experience and a comprehensive performance evaluation of data management systems in the context of application performance.
Screening of Native Plants from Yucatan for Anti–Giardia lamblia. Activity

Abstract The in vitro. activity of 10 methanol extracts prepared from native plants collected in the Yucatan Peninsula [Byrsonima crassifolia. (L.) Kunth, Cupania dentata. DC. , Diphysa carthagenensis. Jacq. , Dorstenia contrajerva. L. , Gliricidia sepium. (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. , Justicia spicigera. Schldl. , Pluchea odorata. (L.) Cass. , Spigelia anthelmia. L. , Tridax procumbens. L. , and Triumfetta semitriloba. Jacq. ] was evaluated against Giardia lamblia. trophozoites. All the extracts showed activity against G. lamblia. trophozoites. T. procumbens. was most active, with an IC50 of 6.34 µg/ml, followed by C. dentata. , 7.59 µg/ml, D. carthagenensis. , 11.53 µg/ml, and B. crassifolia. , 15.55 µg/ml.
Diurnal grazing pattern: its physiological basis and strategic management

Within a day, grazing decisions such as ‘when’ to begin, ‘which’ frequency and ‘how’ to distribute grazing events determine ruminants’ diurnal grazing pattern. Ruminants can have between three and five daily grazing events. The major grazing events occur in the early morning and late afternoon/early evening; the later grazing event is the longest and most significant in terms of herbage intake. This review first attempts to answer ‘why does this happen? ’ and then to examine evidence for managing this pattern to improve animal production. Due to photosynthesis and transpiration during the day, herbage accumulates DM, sugars and essential fatty acids, which dilute fibre and protein contents and facilitate herbage particle breakdown during ingestion. Diurnal fluctuations in light intensity stimulate circadian release of neuropetides and hormones, providing the cue to start grazing and modulating ingestive-digestive behaviours that interact with the diurnal fluctuation in herbage feeding value. Grazing decisions depend on grazing environments, the current state of the animal, and on past and anticipated states of the animal. The dusk grazing event seems to be an adaptative feeding strategy to maximise daily energy acquisition, providing a steady release of nutrients over night. Hunger deceives ruminants and makes them graze at dawn, when herbage presents the lowest feeding value. Hunger, however, can be used to concentrate and intensify grazing events. Strategic management of these interactions emerges as the tool to alter the frequency, intensity and temporal distribution of diurnal grazing events, and thereby to increase and modulate nutrient supply to and productivity of grazing ruminants.
FRUIT MATURITY, RIPENING, AND QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS

Maturity at harvest is the most important factor that determines storage-life and final fruit quality. Immature fruits are more subject to shrivelling and mechanical damage, and are of inferior flavour quality when ripe. Overripe fruits are likely to become soft and mealy with insipid flavour soon after harvest. Fruits picked either too early or too late in their season are more susceptible to postharvest physiological disorders than fruits picked at the proper maturity. All fruits, with a few exceptions (such as pears, avocados, and bananas), reach their best eating quality when allowed to ripen on the plant. However, some fruits are usually picked mature but unripe so that they can withstand the postharvest handling system when shipped long-distance. Most currently used maturity indices are based on a compromise between those indices that would ensure the best eating quality to the consumer and those that provide the needed flexibility in marketing. Fruits can be divided into two groups: 1) fruits that are not capable of continuing their ripening process once removed from the plant, and 2) fruits that can be harvested mature and ripened off the plant. Group I includes berries, cherry, citrus fruits, grape, lychee, pineapple, pomegranate, and tamarillo. Group 2 includes apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherimoya, guava, kiwifruit, mango, nectarine, papaya, passion fruit, pear, peach, persimmon, plum, quince, sapodilla, sapote. Group I fruits produce very small quantities of ethylene and do not respond to ethylene treatment except in terms of degreening (removal of chlorophyll); these should be picked when fully-ripe to ensure good flavour quality. Fruits in Group 2 produce much larger quantities of ethylene in association with their ripening, and exposure to ethylene will result in faster and more uniform ripening.
Improving Captive Marine Mammal Welfare in the United States: Science-Based Recommendations for Improved Regulatory Requirements for Captive Marine Mammal Care

Congress passed the Animal Welfare Act1 (AWA) in order “to ensure the humane care and treatment of various animals used in research or for exhibition or kept as pets.2 To this end, the Act requires, inter alia, that the Secretary of Agriculture ‘promulgate standards to govern the humane handling, care, treatment, and transportation of animals by dealers, research facilities, and exhibitors. ”’3 The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the agency under the U.S. Department of Agriculture responsible for implementing the AWA, first promulgated regulations pertaining to the care of marine mammals in captivity4 in 1979 and has updated various aspects of these regulations on a limited basis since then. The last time the marine mammal care regulations relating to the physical conditions under which these species are held were substantively revised was in 1984.5 On 3 February 2016, APHIS published a proposed rule to amend the captive marine mammal regulations.6 The agency took 14 years to issue this proposed rule7 and had it under consideration for 20 years.8 APHIS’s marine mammal care regulations are intended to “insure that animals intended . for exhibition purposes . are provided humane care and treatment. ”9 The statute does not, however, define the term “humane. ” In the absence of a statutory definition, it is appropriate to “look to the common usage of words for
Large substitutional impurity isotope shift in infrared spectra of boron-doped diamond

Isotopic enrichment offers cutting-edge properties of materials opening exciting research and development opportunities. In semiconductors, reached progress of ultimate control in growth and doping techniques follows nowadays the high level isotopic purification. This requires deep understanding of isotopic disorder effects and techniques of their effective determination. Isotopic content of both crystal lattice and impurity centers cause the effects, which can be examined by different optical techniques. While disorder in the host lattice can be straight forward evaluated by inelastic light scattering or by SIMS measurements, determination of isotopic contributions of many orders less presented impurities remains challenging and usually observed in high-resolution photoluminescence or optical absorption spectra. Boron-doped diamonds exhibit complex infrared absorption spectra while boron-related luminescence remains unobserved. Boron, as a most light element acting as a hydrogen-like dopant in elemental semiconductors, has a largest relative difference in its isotope masses, and by this, cause the largest isotopic disorder in semiconductors, including diamond, an elemental semiconductor with the lightest atomic mass of a host lattice. This enables an access to the isotopic constitution of boron in diamond by infrared absorption spectroscopy. By comparison of low-temperature absorption spectra of a natural (20% of 10B and 80% of 11B isotopes) and 11B enriched (up to 99%) doped diamonds we differentiate the intracenter transitions related to 10B and to 11B isotopes. We have found that the isotopic spectral lines of the same boron intracenter transition are separated with the energy of about 0.7 meV. This is the largest impurity isotopic shift ever observed in semiconductors doped by hydrogen-like impurity centers.
Alpha-T: Learning to Traverse over Graphs with An AlphaZero-inspired Self-Play Framework

The combinatorial optimization problems on the graph are the core and classic problems in artificial intelligence and operations research. For example, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) are not only very interesting NP-hard problems but also have important significance for the actual transportation system. Traditional methods such as heuristics methods, precise algorithms, and solution solvers can already find approximate solutions on small-scale graphs. However, they are helpless for large-scale graphs and other problems with similar structures. Moreover, traditional methods often require artificially designed heuristic functions to assist decision-making. In recent years, more and more work has focused on the application of deep learning and reinforcement learning (RL) to learn heuristics, which allows us to learn the internal structure of the graph end-to-end and find the optimal path under the guidance of heuristic rules, but most of these still need manual assistance, and the RL method used has the problems of low sampling efficiency and small searchable space. In this paper, we propose a novel framework (called Alpha-T) based on AlphaZero, which does not require expert experience or label data but is trained through self-play. We divide the learning into two stages: in the first stage we employ graph attention network (GAT) and GRU to learn node representations and memory history trajectories, and in the second stage we employ Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) and deep RL to search the solution space and train the model.
Aktywacja immunologiczna w cukrzycy typu 2 u osób z chorobą wieńcową

Wstep. Cukrzyca w istotny sposob zwieksza ryzyko choroby wiencowej oraz zmienia przebieg kliniczny mia? d? ycy tetnic. Celem pracy jest ocena wp³ywu cukrzycy typu 2 na aktywacje immunologiczn± u osob z chorob± wiencow±. Materia³ i metody. Do badania w³±czono 122 chorych ze stabiln± chorob± wiencow±: 19 (15,6%) z cukrzyc± typu 2 oraz 103 (84,4%) bez cukrzycy. Grupe kontroln± (K) stanowi³y 34 zdrowe osoby. Oznaczenia ste? en cytokin prozapalnych (TNFa, IL-2), antyzapalnych (IL-10), rozpuszczalnych form receptorow dla TNF (sTNFR 1 i 2) i moleku³ adhezyjnych (E-selektyna, P-selektyna, VCAM-1, ICAM-1) w surowicy krwi przeprowadzono metod± ELISA. Wyniki. ¦rednie ste? enie sE-selektyny by³o znamiennie wy? sze u chorych na cukrzyce (51,5 ± 3,2 ng/ml) w porownaniu ze ste? eniami u chorych, u ktorych nie stwierdzano tego schorzenia (33,1 + 4,0 ng/ml; p = 0,024), oraz u osob zdrowych (35,1 ± 3,8 ng/ml; p = 0,021). Ste? enia TNFa i sTNFR 1 by³y wy? sze u osob z chorob± wiencow± bez wzgledu na obecno¶ae cukrzycy typu 2. Ste? enia pozosta³ych markerow aktywacji immunologicznej nie ro? ni³y sie od ste? en w grupie kontrolnej oraz nie wykazywa³y zwi±zku z wystepowaniem cukrzycy. Wnioski. Wystepowanie cukrzycy typu 2 u chorych ze stabiln± chorob± wiencow± wi±? e sie z wy? szym ste? eniem selektyny E w surowicy krwi, natomiast nie wp³ywa na wy? sze ste? enia TNFa i sTNFR 1 u osob z chorob± wiencow±.