Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COPD_A_312560 1783..1799

1Department of Occupational Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d ́Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain; 3Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Department of Medicine (Respiratory Division), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 4Academic Center of Osaki Citizen Hospital, Miyagi, Japan; 5Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Division of Pulmonary Diseases & Critical Care, University of Texas Health, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; 7Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; 8Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; 9Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are wellcharacterized diseases, they can coexist in a given patient. The term asthma–COPD overlap (ACO) was introduced to describe patients that have clinical features of both diseases and may represent around 25% of COPD patients and around 20% of asthma patients. Despite the increasing interest in ACO, there are still substantial controversies regarding its definition and its position within clinical guidelines for patients with obstructive lung disease. In general, most definitions indicate that ACO patients must present with non-reversible airflow limitation, significant exposure to smoking or other noxious particles or gases, together with features of asthma. In patients with a primary diagnosis of COPD, the identification of ACO has therapeutic implication because the asthmatic component should be treated with inhaled corticosteroids and some studies suggest that the most severe patients may respond to biological agents indicated for severe asthma. This manuscript aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art of ACO. The definitions, prevalence, and clinical manifestations will be reviewed and some innovative aspects, such as genetics, epigenetics, and biomarkers will be addressed. Lastly, the management and prognosis will be outlined as well as the position of ACO in the COPD and asthma guidelines.
Biosynthesis of Cutin w-HYDROXYLATION OF FATTY ACIDS BY A MICROSOMAL PREPARATION FROM GERMINATING

ci-Hydroxylation of fatty acids, which is a key reaction in the biosynthesis of cutin and suberin, has been demonstrated for the first time in a cell-free preparation from a higher plant. A crude microsomal fraction (105,000g pellet) from germinating embryonic shoots of Vicia faba catalyzed the conversion of palmitic acid to ci-hydroxypaimitic acid. As the crude cell-free preparation also catalyzes the formation of other hydroxy acids such as a- and l8-hydroxy acids, the o-hydroxylation product was identified by gas chromatography on a polyester column and reverse phase, high performance liquid chromatography, two techniques which were shown to resolve the positional isomers. Gas chromatographic analysis of the dicarboxylic acid obtained by CrO3 oxidation of the enzymic product also confirmed the identity of the enzymic w- hydroxylation product. This enzymic hydroxylation required 02 and NADPH, but substitution of NADH resulted in nearly half the reaction rate obtained with NADPH. Maximal rates of w-hydroxylation occurred at pH 8 and the rate increased in a sigmoidal manner with increasing concentrations of palmitic acid. This w-hydroxylation was inhibited by the cassicad mixed function oxidase inhibitors such as metal chelators (o- phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and a,a-dipyridyl), NaN3 and thiol reagents (N-ethylmaleimide andp-chloromercuribenzoate). As expected of a hydroxylase, involving cytochrome P450, the present c-hydroxylase was inhibited by CO and this enzyme system showed unusually high sensitivity to this inhibition; 10% CO caused inhibition and 30% CO completely inhibited the reaction. Another unusual feature was that the inhibition caused by any level of CO could not be reversed by light (420-460 nm).
High-Affinity IL-2 Receptors T Cells Defined by Expression of Functional Postthymic Expansion in Human CD4 Naive

As the thymus involutes with age, the maintenance of peripheral naive T cells in humans becomes strongly dependent on peripheral cell division. However, mechanisms that orchestrate homeostatic division remain unclear. In this study we present evidence that the frequency of naive CD4 T cells that express CD25 (IL-2 receptor a -chain) increases with age on subsets of both CD31 + and CD31 2 naive CD4 T cells. Analyses of TCR excision circles from sorted subsets indicate that CD25 + naive CD4 T cells have undergone more rounds of homeostatic proliferation than their CD25 2 counterparts in both the CD31 + and CD31 2 subsets, indicating that CD25 is a marker of naive CD4 T cells that have preferentially responded to survival signals from self-Ags or cytokines. CD25 expression on CD25 2 naive CD4 T cells can be induced by IL-7 in vitro in the absence of TCR activation. Although CD25 + naive T cells respond to lower concentrations of IL-2 as compared with their CD25 2 counterparts, IL-2 responsiveness is further increased in CD31 2 naive T cells by their expression of the signaling IL-2 receptor b -chain CD122, forming with common g -chain functional high-afﬁnity IL-2 receptors. CD25 plays a role during activation: CD25 + naive T cells stimulated in an APC-dependent
On the acceptance of intergenerational climate legacies: A comparison of Canada and Japan

Intergenerational climate justice negotiations often flounder on three questions: What was the outcome on climate change? Was it intentional? Why should the current generation pay for the misdeeds of previous generations? In this research, participants from Japan and Canada rated their willingness to accept intergenerational climate legacies and the responsibilities these legacies entail; judged the importance of intent and outcome associated with creating these legacies; and rated their willingness to compensate those negatively impacted by previous generations. The study found: a) while outcome was important, intent did not matter; b) Canadians were more likely to accept an inheritance and c) more likely to equivocate, in acceptance, if it entailed obligations than the Japanese; d) among those who accepted the inheritance, Japanese were more generous in settlement of previous generation’s obligations; e) lower-income, non-Judeo-Christian participants were systematically fairer than others; and f) the resistance to compensation for past generations’ actions was diminished with the awareness about the broad scope of intergenerational climate legacies that the current generation enjoyed. Our findings highlight the influences of culture and historic awareness on accepting climate responsibilities for actions of previous generations and willingness to provide compensation. The findings also support abandoning the debate on intentionality.
Valuation of Small Private Firms

This thesis aims to provide the reader with an overview of the current issues and practices of valuing small private firms. Focusing on methods such as; Asset-, Income-, Multipleand Real option-based approach. Thenceforth, applying said practices on an earlier cross-national acquisition of a small private Swedish firm. Utilizing the different viable models and dismissing those not feasible. Estimates of fair value at the time of purchase are made and compared to the actual transaction price, to show the variation in results of the different models. The literature supporting this thesis consists primarily of circa 35 different published books and peerreviewed articles on the subject. The results from this paper highlight the biggest issue observed in the valuation process, the subjectivity. Regardless of the valuation method used, the possible missteps are prevalent, and the components are highly subjective. Additionally, the important issue of information deficiency to small private firms is further mentioned. Finally, emphasizing the significance of small businesses to the Swedish economy, and how this importance, in the views of the authors' is not reflected in the literature on firm valuation at universities.
GENE EXPRESSION, PROFILING AND OVERLAPPING TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES IN NON-SPECIFIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA

: Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, identified histologically as usual interstitial pneumonia, accounts for most cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. IPF affects men and women > 50 in a ratio of 2:1, with a markedly increased incidence with each decade of age. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze gene expression profiling and overlapping transcriptional profiles in non-specific interstitial pneumonia. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore during March 2019 to November 2019. RNA was extracted and hybridized to the Human Gene 1.0 set array from explanted lungs (2001– 2008) in 22 patients with clinical diagnosis of sporadic IPF. 10 subjects with clinical diagnosis of idiopathic NSIP and definite histologic pattern of fibrotic NSIP; and 11 normal lung samples (age 52 ± 18 years, 4 females) obtained from the region of normal tissue flanking lung cancer resections in ILD-free patients. Results: There were no significant differences in pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity or pulmonary artery pressures. NSIP patients were significantly younger than IPF patients. Genes with significantly increased expression in NSIP, compared to both IPF and normal controls, were involved in regulatory mechanisms of immune reaction, including the all reactive T cell response. Conclusion: It is concluded that gene expression profiling from whole lung explants aligns separate, well-recognizable histopathologic patterns of IIP with distinct transcriptional profiles and differentially expressed genes, and does not support the notion of NSIP as an early manifestation of IPF.
Optimal Principle on Composition of B Site Elements in Perovskite Electrodes with Sr at A Site for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

: Based on ab inito method, the binding energies of Sr B O 3 perovskite type electrode materials in solid oxide fuel cell in which B site chosen from 3 rd to 6 th periods elements were calculated. Effect of elements used in B site on the formation of cubic or hexagonal crystal structure was discussed. Structure stability diagram that contained three phases (unstable, cubic stable and hexagonal stable phases) was achieved. The distribution rule of composition points in this diagram was confirmed by inducing radius and valence data of cations at B site as validation data. Besides, there being plenty of experimental materials data in literature was introduced to this structure stability diagram, ac-cording to their compositions and lever rule. Distribution area of the obtained data was analysed and the results locate quite concentrated, indicating that the optimized area is centered by along the Mo-Fe-Co line. Within this area, our calculations find that formation energy and migration energy of oxygen vacancy as well as the band gap of the materials are suitable to be used as electrode materials in solid oxide fuel cell. The optimization area in SrBO 3 structure stability diagram can provide meaningful guidance for material selection.
The Impact of Total Quality Management Principles on Students' Academic Achievement : An Empirical Study'

This study investigates the relationship betwcen principles of total quality managemcnt (TQM) and educational organization outcomc in rcspect to studcnts'academic achievement. TQM principles include organizational commitmcnt to quality, plannin-e for quality, focus on customer (studcnts), total stalf involvement, training and devclopmcnt, rcwards and recognition, management by fact, continuous improvement, and focus on processcs and prevention. Students' academic achievement variables include dcgree score, success rale of leavers, and perceived students' academic achievement. The study was based on a survey design and the time horizon was cross sectional with mini-rnal reseacher's interfernce. The survey was carried out in 100 educational departments selected randomly from 10 public universities in Malaysia. Thc linal number of participants for this study was B5 educational departments. The sample size comprised about ? 0 percent pf the total population. The study hypotheses were tested using correlational and multivariate statistical analyses. The results supported all the hypotheses posited for the study, suggesting that education organizations can benetlt tiom TQM principles. Pearson-r correlations indicated that all of the TQM principles have significant correlations with students' academic achievement variables. Rcgression analyscs indicated significantly positive relationships. Furdrer, results of statistical analysis also indicated that the principles should be implemented holistically rather than piecemeal. In conclusion, this study provided insight and further understanding of the effect of TQM principles on organizational performance, and hence allows practitioners to gain in deplh knowledge about the impact of TQM principles.
to Influenza Virus Infection Th Cell Priming and Increased Susceptibility IgA Immunodeficiency Leads to Inadequate

IgA is considered to be the principal Ab involved in defense against pathogens in the mucosal compartment. Using mice with a targeted disruption in IgA gene expression (IgA 2 / 2 mice), we have examined the precise role of IgA in protective anti-inﬂuenza responses after intranasal vaccination. IgA 2 / 2 mice immunized intranasally with soluble hemagglutinin (hemagglutinin subtype 1) and neuraminidase (neuraminidase subtype 1) vaccine in the absence of adjuvant were found to be more susceptible to inﬂuenza virus infection than IgA 1 / 1 mice (13 vs 75% survival after virus challenge). Inclusion of IL-12 during immunization restored the protective efﬁcacy of the vaccine to that seen in IgA 1 / 1 animals. IgA 2 / 2 mice had no detectable IgA expression, but displayed enhanced serum and pulmonary IgM and IgG Ab levels after IL-12 treatment. Assessment of T cell function revealed markedly depressed splenic lymphoproliferative responses to PHA in IgA 2 / 2 animals compared with IgA 1 / 1 mice. Furthermore, IgA 2 / 2 animals displayed impaired T cell priming to the H1N1 subunit vaccine, with concomitant reduction in recall memory responses due to a defect in APC function. Collectively, these results provide evidence that a major role of IgA is to facilitate presentation of Ag to mucosal T cells. IL-12 treatment can overcome IgA deﬁciency by providing adequate T cell priming during vaccination. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 226–231.
& (2018). Which ergodic averages have finite asymptotic variance? Annals of Applied Probability , 28 (4), 2309-2334.

We show that the class of L 2 functions for which ergodic averages of a reversible Markov chain have ﬁnite asymptotic variance is determined by the class of L 2 functions for which ergodic averages of its associated jump chain have ﬁnite asymptotic variance. This allows us to characterize completely which ergodic averages have ﬁnite asymptotic variance when the Markov chain is an independence sampler. From a practical perspective, the most im-portant result identiﬁes a simple sufﬁcient condition for all ergodic averages of L 2 functions of the primary variable in a pseudo-marginal Markov chain to have ﬁnite asymptotic variance.
Mitigating energy demand sector emissions: The integrated modelling perspective

Limiting climate change below a given temperature will require fundamental changes in the current energy system, both in the energy supply and the energy demand sectors. Previous global model-based analyses, however, have focused mostly on energy supply transformations. Therefore, in this study we respond to this knowledge gap by analysing the future energy demand projections in both baseline and climate policy scenarios of global models in detail. We examine the projections for the industry, transport and buildings sectors across four models and three different reference scenarios from the Shared-Socioeconomic Pathway framework by applying a decomposition analysis. We compare the projected demand side mitigation efforts to a more detailed, sector-specific, technology-oriented assessment of demand-side abatement potential for the year 2030. Without climate policy, model-based projections show that baseline emissions can grow rapidly in industry and transport sectors, but are also highly uncertain across models. The decomposition analysis shows that the key uncertainty across the global scenarios is the projected final energy per capita. For modellers therefore there lies a challenge to better understand drivers of future energy efficiency and service demand, that contribute to the projected energy demand. This model enhancement would moreover allow to evaluate policy measures that can impact this relation. The technology assessment estimates that in particular in the transport and buildings sector there is a higher potential to reduce demand-side emissions through energy efficiency improvements than implemented in the scenarios. Improved insulation, higher electric vehicle penetration rates and modal shift for example could reduce final energy demand to lower levels in the short term than currently projected, reducing the dependency on fuel switching required in current scenarios to meet the stringent climate targets.
Total Variation and Level Set Based Methods in Image Science

We review the level set methods and the related techniques that are common in many PDE based image models. Many of these techniques involve minimizing the total variation of the solution and admit regularizations on the curvature of its level sets. We examine the scope of these techniques in image science, in particular in image segmentation, interpolation, and decomposition, and introduce some relevant level set techniques that are useful for this class of applications. Many of the standard problems are formulated as variational models. We observe increasing synergistic progression of new tools and ideas between the inverse problem community and the “imagers”. We show that image science demands multi-disciplinary knowledge and flexible, but still robust methods. That is why the level set method and total variation based methods have become thriving techniques in this field. Our goal is to survey recently developed techniques in various fields of research that are relevant to diverse objectives in image science. We begin by reviewing some typical PDE based applications in image processing. In typical PDE methods, images are assumed to be continuous functions sampled on a grid. We will show that these methods all share a common feature, which is the emphasis on processing the level lines of the underlying image. The importance of level lines has been known for some time. See e.g., (Alvarez, Guichard, Morel and Lions 1993). This feature places our slightly general definition of the level set method for image science in context. In section two, we describe the building blocks of a typical level set method in the continuum setting. Each important task that we need to do is formulated as the solution to certain PDEs. Then, in section three, we briefly describe the finite difference methods developed to construct approximate solutions to these PDEs. Some approaches to interpolation into small subdomains of an image are reviewed in Section 4. In Section 5, we describe the Chan-Vese segmentation algorithm and two new fast implementation methods. Finally, in Section 6, we describe some new techniques developed in the level set community.
desaturation of phosphatidylcholine in the ER, and affects chloroplast lipid composition in Arabidopsis

56 Biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes relies on galactoglycerolipids, which are synthesized via 57 pathways that are dispatched over several cell compartments. This membrane biogenesis requires both 58 trafficking of lipid intermediates and a tight homeostatic regulation. In this work, we address the role 59 of ALA10, a P 4 type-ATPase, in a process counteracting with monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) 60 shortage in Arabidopsis leaves. ALA10 can interact with protein partners, ALIS1 or ALIS5 (ALA- 61 Interacting Subunit 1 or 5), leading to differential endomembrane localizations of the interacting 62 proteins, close to the plasma membrane with ALIS1 or to chloroplasts with ALIS5. ALA10 interacts 63 also with Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and modification of ALA10 expression affects 64 phosphatidylcholine (PC) fatty acyl desaturation by disturbing the balance between FAD2 and FAD3 65 activities. Modulation of ALA10 expression downstream impacts on fatty acyl composition of 66 chloroplast PC. ALA10 expression also enhances leaf growth and improves the MGDG over PC level, 67 possibly through MGDG synthase 1 (MGD1) activation by phosphatidic acid. The positive effect of 68 ALA10 on leaf development is significant in conditions such as upon treatment of plants with 69 Galvestine-1, an inhibitor of MGDG synthases, or when plants are grown at chilling temperature. 70
Two Dimensional Parity Check with Variable Length Error Detection Code for the Non-Volatile Memory of Smart Data

This paper proposes a novel technology of memory protection for the Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), applied to smart sensors and smart data. Based on the asymmetry of failure rate between the statuses of bit-0 and bit-1 in the non-volatile memory, as a result of the pollution of the radiation of cosmic ray, a two-dimensional parity with variable length error detection code (2D-VLEDC) for memory protection is proposed. 2D-VLEDC has the feature of variable length of redundant bits varied with content of data word in the NVM. The experimental results show that the same error detection quality could be achieved with a 30% redundancy improvement by applying the proposed 2D-VLEDC. The proposed design is particularly suitable for the use of safety-related fields, such as the automotive electronics and industrial non-volatile memories involved in the industrial automation.
DSS: Drawing Dynamic Graphs with Spectral Sparsification

This paper presents DSS (Dynamic Spectral Sparsification), a sampling approach for drawing large and complex dynamic graphs which can preserve important structural properties of the original graph. Specifically, we present two variants: DSS-I (Independent) which performs spectral sparsification independently on each dynamic graph time slice; and DSS-U (Union) which performs spectral sparsification on the union graph of all time slices. Moreover, for evaluation of dynamic graph drawing using sampling approach, we introduce two new metrics: DSQ (Dynamic Sampling Quality) to measure how faithfully the samples represent the ground truth change in the dynamic graph, and DSDQ (Dynamic Sampling Drawing Quality) to measure how faithfully the drawings of the sample represent the ground truth change. Experiments demonstrate that DSS significantly outperform random sampling on quality metrics and visual comparison. On average, DSS obtains over 80% (resp., 30%) better DSQ (resp., DSDQ) than random sampling, and visually better preserves the ground truth changes in dynamic graphs.