Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF RARE EVENTS FOR SPDES

In this work, we consider the numerical estimation of the probability for a stochastic process to hit a set B before reaching another set A. This event is assumed to be rare. We consider reactive trajectories of the stochastic Allen-Cahn partial differential evolution equation (with double well potential) in dimension 1. Reactive trajectories are defined as the probability distribution of the trajectories of a stochastic process, conditioned by the event of hitting B before A. We investigate the use of the so-called Adaptive Multilevel Splitting algorithm in order to estimate the rare event and simulate reactive trajectories. This algorithm uses a reaction coordinate (a real valued function of state space defining level sets), and is based on (i) the selection, among several replicas of the system having hit A before B, of those with maximal reaction coordinate; (ii) iteration of the latter step. We choose for the reaction coordinate the average magnetization, and for B the minimum of the well opposite to the initial condition. We discuss the context, prove that the algorithm has a sense in the usual functional setting, and numerically test the method (estimation of rare event, and transition state sampling).
“EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ASCLEPIAS

The present research work was aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Asclepias curassavica L (EEAC) against Formalin Induced Paw licking, Tail Immersion test, Acetic acid writhing model, carrageenan-induced paw edema method, Egg Albumin-Induced Inflammation EEAC showed significant inhibition in the early phase compared to a late phase in Formalin Induced Paw licking and in Tail Immersion test EEAC at 500mg/kg produced highly significant and greater analgesic activity and in Acetic acid writhing model EEAC at dose 500mg/kg has shown significant reduction in several writing’s. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema method, EEAC produced a significant reduction in paw volume in the 4 hour, and in Egg albumin-induced inflammation showed significant inhibition in paw volume in the 4 hour respectively. The mean reaction time, percentage of early and late phases, and the number of writhing were measured. The paw volume was measured using a Digital plethysmometer well as Egg Albumin-Induced Inflammation. However, the present study did not include the tests for establishing the extract mechanism of action.
An integral prediction method for three-dimensional compressible turbulent boundary layers

A calculation method has been developed which uses the compressible forms of the boundary-Iayer momentum integral and entrainment equations in a genera I, curvilinear surface coordinate system in which the axes are not necessarily orthogonal. Both the Mager and Johnston representations of the crossflow velocity profile can be used. The set of equations used is hyperbolic and is solved numerically by a simple explicit finite difference method. In cases where the metric coefficients of the coordinate system used are not known analytically a method is given for obtaining them from the Cartesian coordinates of the surface. A method is also presented for determining the external velocity field from a given pressure distribution. Comparisons are given of predictions of the boundary-Iayer method with the experimental results of Johnston, Vermeulen, East, van den Berg and Elsenaar, and Hall and Dickens. These results, involving five different coordinate systems, were all obtained using the same computer program.
AMultifaceted Intervention Designed to Improve Medical Management of Moderate to Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Sophie Abgrall, Antoine Rachas, Jérome Tourret, Corinne Isnard-Bagnis, Eric Billaud, Pierre Tattevin, Dominique Costagliola, Marguerite Guiguet, and Pierre Durieux; on behalf of the French Hospital Database on HIV Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, and INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne, Clamart, Paris-Sud 11 University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, INSERM UMRS 872 eq22, Urology, Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, UPMC Paris Université 06, Chaire de recherche en éducation thérapeutique CNAM-EHESS, Paris, Hôtel-Dieu Universitary Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Nantes, and Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
Flux Divergence Method of Solving Einstein Equations

Trying to solve Einstein Equation with new integral of motion (conserved quantity) for system. The integrals of motion are important. Let us say, that discovery of new one means the Nobel Prize. Using them the "unsolvable" problems solve. Several dust collapse solutions satisfy the new formulas. I solved also collapse of perfect liquid ball with unexpected result. After the perfect liquid I have got result(s) for the real liquid. Critically discussed known conserved quantities. Revealed the nature of Dark Energy. Cancelled the cyclic Universe hypothesis (World will never be shrinking).
Within-night Repeatability and Long-term Consistency of Sleep Apnea Endotypes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by multiple "endotypic traits", including pharyngeal collapsibility, muscle compensation, loop gain, and arousal threshold. Here we examined 1) within-night repeatability, 2) long-term consistency, and 3) influences of body position and sleep state, of endotypic traits estimated from in-home polysomnography in mild-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI>5 events/hr). METHODS Within-night repeatability was assessed using Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): Traits derived separately from "odd" and "even" 30-min periods were correlated and regression (error vs. N windows available) provided a recommended amount of data for acceptable repeatability (R-threshold=0.7). Long-term consistency was assessed using the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) at two time points 6.5±0.7 years apart, before and after accounting for across-year body position and sleep state differences. Within-night dependence of traits on position and state (MESA plus MrOS data) were estimated using bootstrapping. RESULTS Within-night repeatability for traits ranged from R=0.62-0.79 and improved to R=0.69-0.83 when recommended amounts of data were available (20-35 seven-min windows, available in 94-98% of participants); repeatability was similar for collapsibility, loop gain, and arousal threshold (R=0.79-0.83), but lower for compensation (R=0.69). Long-term consistency was modest (R=0.30-0.61) and improved (R=0.36-0.63) after accounting for position and state differences. Position/state analysis revealed reduced loop gain in REM and reduced collapsbility in N3. CONCLUSIONS Endotypic traits can be obtained with acceptable repeatability. Long-term consistency was modest but improved after accounting for position and state changes. These data support the use of endotypic assessments in large-scale epidemiological studies.
Identification of ancestral sex chromosomes in the frog Glandirana rugosa bearing XX‐XY and ZZ‐ZW sex‐determining systems

Sex chromosomes constantly exist in a dynamic state of evolution: rapid turnover and change of heterogametic sex during homomorphic state, and often stepping out to a heteromorphic state followed by chromosomal decaying. However, the forces driving these different trajectories of sex chromosome evolution are still unclear. The Japanese frog Glandirana rugosa is one taxon well suited to the study on these driving forces. The species has two different heteromorphic sex chromosome systems, XX‐XY and ZZ‐ZW, which are separated in different geographic populations. Both XX‐XY and ZZ‐ZW sex chromosomes are represented by chromosome 7 (2n = 26). Phylogenetically, these two systems arose via hybridization between two ancestral lineages of West Japan and East Japan populations, of which sex chromosomes are homomorphic in both sexes and to date have not yet been identified. Identification of the sex chromosomes will give us important insight into the mechanisms of sex chromosome evolution in this species. Here, we used a high‐throughput genomic approach to identify the homomorphic XX‐XY sex chromosomes in both ancestral populations. Sex‐linked DNA markers of West Japan were aligned to chromosome 1, whereas those of East Japan were aligned to chromosome 3. These results reveal that at least two turnovers across three different sex chromosomes 1, 3 and 7 occurred during evolution of this species. This finding raises the possibility that cohabitation of the two different sex chromosomes from ancestral lineages induced turnover to another new one in their hybrids, involving transition of heterogametic sex and evolution from homomorphy to heteromorphy.
Circular RNA regulation of fat deposition and muscle development in cattle

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important transcriptional regulatory RNA molecule that can regulate the transcription of downstream genes by competitive binding of miRNAs or coding proteins or by blocking mRNAs translation. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs are extensively involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, gene transcription and signal transduction. Fat deposition and muscle development have important effects on beef traits. CircRNAs are involved in regulating bovine fat and muscle cells and are differentially expressed in the tissues composed of these cells, suggesting that circRNAs play an important role in regulating bovine fat formation and muscle development. This review describes differential expression of circRNAs in bovine fat and muscle tissues, research progress in understanding how circRNAs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bovine fat and muscle cells through competing endogenous RNAs networks, and provide a reference for the subsequent research on the molecular mechanism of circRNAs in regulating fat deposition and muscle development in cattle.
Counts of radio sources.

Following the advice of Professor Zel’dovich, I will begin with two platitudes — first, when we consider the implications of the counts of radio sources, we must look at all the counts of radio sources at all frequencies; second, when we attempt to evaluate the implications of the source counts, we should use proper cosmological models and not rely on the local Euclidean model.
Stress Recognition in Physiological Signals from Drivers

The work deals with the fatigue analysis of automobile drivers by acquiring their physical signals.It is done by acquiring the E.C. G. signal of drivers.The QRS wave complex of E.C. G is detected and its width and amplitude is found out. The whole work is done is time domain, QRS is detected using Pan Tompkins algorithm.Neural network is trained using nntoolbox of MATLAB. Due to significant real time fatigue condition of drivers, it is competent to lessening the figure of accidents to a major extent. The fatigue analysis is being processed by correlating the acquired signals obtained from a team of drivers in different driving conditions by the use of MATLAB software.
A 25-Year-Old Man with Necrotizing Iga Nephropathy and Sub Epithelial Electron Dense Deposits

IgA Nephropathy (NP) may present with a spectrum of histopathology changes in kidney biopsies, ranging from mild mesangial to diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with cellular crescents. IgA deposits are usually present in the mesangium, with additional deposits in the sub endothelial compartment of the capillary loop in some patients with IgA NP. Subepithelial deposits together with fibrinoid necrosis of the glomerulus are uncommon in primary IgA nephropathy. We report the case of a 25-year-old previously healthy man who presented with respiratory symptoms, hematuria and acute kidney injury. A diagnosis of IgA nephropathy was rendered on kidney biopsy based on the presence of mesangial immune complex deposits with dominant IgA immune fluorescence staining. However, instead of the classic glomerular proliferative patterns, this kidney biopsy showed minimal mesangial proliferation with segmental capillary fibrinoid necrosis and sub epithelial electron dense deposits. There was no clinical evidence of Henoch Schoenlein Purpura and the ANCA and Anti-GBM serologies were all negative. In summary we are presenting a kidney biopsy case of unusually active IgA nephropathy, which raises important questions in regard to patient management and clinical outcome.
Quality of life – conceptualization and special characteristics related to oral heath

Quality of life is a multidimensional concept and its measurement is very important both for clinical decisions and for allocation of resources for health interventions. This paper reviews the literature and discusses the major issues regarding the development of instruments that could measure a patient’s quality of life. The aim of the review is to provide basic information and analysis concerning the development of a health status assessment instrument from a psychometric perspective. The questionnaires are the most common instrument and the paper discusses the basic characteristics of a good one. The reliability and validity of a questionnaire are detailed, describing also methods to evaluate them.
Bioequivalence of levamlodipine besylate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: A single-dose and two- period crossover randomized study

Li Xin Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University https://orcid.org/00000002-8802-6912 Chenjing Wang Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Ting Li Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Yanping Liu Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Shuqin Liu Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Ye Tao Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Yaping Ma Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Xiaomeng Gao Phase Clinical Research Center, the A liated Hospital of Qingdao University Yu Cao (  caoyu1767@126.com )
Efficient Similarity Search with Hamming Distance Constraints

In this thesis, we study the Hamming distance query problem. Hamming distance measures the number of dimensions where two vectors have different values. In applications such as pattern recognition, information retrieval, Chemoinformatics and databases, it is often needed to perform efficient Hamming distance query, which retrieves vectors in a database that have no more than k Hamming distance from a given query vector. Existing work on efficient Hamming distance query processing has some of the following limitations, such as unable to deal with k that is not tiny, unable to deal with vectors where the value domain is large, or unable to attain robust performance in the presence of data skew. To address these limitations, we propose HmSearch, an efficient query processing method for Hamming distance query. Our method is based on enumeration-based signatures and a novel partitioning scheme. We develop enhanced filtering as well as a filtering-and-verification procedure. To deal with data skew, we design an effective dimension rearrangement method. We also illustrate a hybrid technique for the LSH data. Extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that our methods outperform state-of-the-art methods by up to two orders of magnitude. We also list out several existing problems and show a few possible directions for future work.
The external magnetic sources over the polar caps - Feasible modelling unrealistic expectations

No average status can be defined for the sources of the external magnetic field over the polar caps, no index can provide with any such model, the observation of no single quantity or parameter can give the ultimate solution. Rather, every case history has to be considered independently. It is possible, however, to approach the problem from an interdisciplinary viewpoint, and to attempt to make an instant modelling of the electric currents that flow in the ionosphere and magnetosphere above the area of aeromagnetic prospecting. A few relevant previous such examples are discussed (such as Akasofu's inference on magnetospheric substorms derived by means of polar auroras, or the presently unfashionable Svalgaard vortex by means of the observed geomagnetic field and dealing with the pattern of the electric field within the magnetosphere, or the Sun-aligned auroral arcs inside the oval that are monitored by satellite, or, perhaps, the luminosity curve of polar auroras). It appears likely that some substantial achievement will be attained altogether with the progress in the understanding of the general pattern of a few typical recurrent configurations over the polar caps, in terms of a multidisciplinary input from different observations, either by ground-based observatories, or by space platforms.
Background and Source Term Identification in Active Neutron Interrogation Methods

Abstract : The detection and tracking of special nuclear material (SNM) is vitally important in order to know where these materials are and prevent them from being used in a harmful manner. Active neutron interrogation is a sought after method for this since the resulting high energy gamma rays produced by inelastic scattering and neutron capture reactions can pass through denser shielding than natural decay gammas, and their energy spectra are unique to each isotope. Using Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) simulations, this research investigated the characterization of gamma ray sources created by active neutron interrogation. Ring detector and mesh tallies within MCNP provide the energy and spatial distributions of gamma rays and neutrons associated with the induced background produced by a 14 MeV D-T neutron generator operated for 10 seconds at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Technical Evaluation Assessment Monitor Site (TEAMS) at Kirtland AFB, NM. Iron, lead, polyethylene, and uranium were simulated as the target isotopes. Analysis of their corresponding neutron and gamma ray energy spectra provide the target source term. The resulting signal-to-noise ratios for each target demonstrated that while each were distinguishable from the neutron induced background radiation, the same size of Pb-207 and U-238 and 1.5 kg of U-235 were not. Therefore, a reduction in the induced background radiation is necessary to accurately identify materials at these sizes or smaller, based upon the simulation.
Turbulent flow in a tube array : static case and FSI numerical simulation

The turbulent flow around a generic configuration of a landing gear (the tandem cylinders) is simulated and analysed physically at Re = 1.66 105, by means of hybrid RANS-LES turbulence modelling approaches. In the present study, the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) approach has been employed for two cylinders spaced of 3.7D and with a height of 4D. The DDES-OES modelling has been considered, especially involving turbulence length scale reconsiderations in the statistical part, by means of the Organised Eddy Simulation, (OES), to take into account non-equilibrium turbulence effects. The results are compared with experiments carried out at the NASA Langley Research Centre in the context of ATAAC EU-program in which the tandem cylinders is one of the stepping stones. In the present study, the benefits of these hybrid approaches have been discussed for capturing the vortex dynamics and frequency modes responsible for aerodynamic noise production in the context of landing gear configurations.
odorants, olfactory receptors and odorant–receptor interactions

Olfaction is a multi-stage process that initiates with the odorants entering the nose and terminates with the brain recognizing the odor associated with the odorant. In a very intricate way, the process incorporates various components functioning together and in synchronization. OlfactionBase is a free, openaccess web server that aims to bring together knowledge about many aspects of the olfaction mechanism in one place. OlfactionBase contains detailed information of components like odors, odorants, and odorless compounds with physicochemical and ADMET properties, olfactory receptors (ORs), odorantand pheromone binding proteins, OR-odorant interactions in Human and Mus musculus. The dynamic, user-friendly interface of the resource facilitates exploration of different entities: finding chemical compounds having desired odor, finding odorants associated with OR, associating chemical features with odor and OR, finding sequence information of ORs and related proteins. Finally, the data in OlfactionBase on odors, odorants, olfactory receptors, human and mouse OR-odorant pairs, and other associated proteins could aid in the inference and improved understanding of odor perception, which might provide new insights into the mechanism underlying olfaction. The OlfactionBase is available at https://bioserver.iiita. ac.in/olfactionbase/ GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Feeding Behaviour & Preying Efficiency of Metapenaeus dobsoni

I Gopalakrishnan V, Studies on the biology of penoeids I-The Physiology of digestion in Penaeus indicus, Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Madras University, 1957. 2 Agrawal V P, Proc Zool Soc Lond, 143 (1964) 131. 3 Agrawal V P, Proc 8ymp Crustacea Mar Bioi, Part III (1965) 1086. 4 Sarojini R, Studies on the systematics of Anomura and biology of Diogenes bicristemanus, Ph.D. thesis submitted to Marathwada University, 1966. 5 Chinnayya B, Proc Indian Acad Sci, 68B (1973) 119. 6 van Weel P B, Hoffman C N, James M L & \'ee H W F, Comp Biochem Physiol, 30 (1969) 497. 7 van Weel P B, Chemical zoology, Vol. 5 edited by M Florkin & B T Scheer, 1970, 108. 8 Hoyle R J, J Fish Res Bd Can, 30 (1973) 1647. 9 Karunakaran S K & Dluige K P, Buliinst Zool Academia Sinica, 16 (1977) 85. lOOser E L, Hawk's physiological chemistry, (Tata McGraw Publ, New Delhi) 1976.
University of Birmingham An approximation theory of matrix rank minimization and its applications to quadratic equations

Matrix rank minimization problems are gaining plenty of recent attention in both mathematical and engineering ﬁelds. This class of problems, arising in various and across-discipline applications, is known to be NP-hard in general. In this paper, we aim at providing an approximation theory for the rank minimization problem, and prove that a rank minimization problem can be approximated to any level of accuracy via continuous optimization (especially, linear and nonlinear semideﬁnite programming) problems. One of the main results in this paper shows that if the feasible set of the problem has a minimum rank element with the least Frobenius norm, then any accumulation point of solutions to the approximation problem, as the approximation parameter tends to zero, is a minimum rank solution of the original problem. The tractability under certain conditions and convex relaxation of the approximation problem are also discussed. An immediate application of this theory to the system of quadratic equations is presented in this paper. It turns out that the condition for such a system without a nonzero solution can be characterized by a rank minimization problem, and thus the proposed approximation theory can be used to establish some suﬃcient conditions for the system to possess only zero solution.