Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Clinical-Ultrasound Radiomic Machine Learning-Based Model

Simple Summary Accurate preoperative cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) prediction in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients is essential for clinical treatment effectiveness, particularly for surgeons assessing the degree of surgical resection and the requirement for cervical lymph node dissection. As a result, a definite diagnosis of CLNM before surgery can assist the surgeon in selecting the best surgical technique and reducing the likelihood of reoperation. This research used several machine learning models based on clinical risk factors in conjunction with radiomics features to preoperatively evaluate CLNM in PTC patients, which can assist clinicians to choose a suitable treatment strategy for patients. Abstract We aim to develop a clinical-ultrasound radiomic (USR) model based on USR features and clinical factors for the evaluation of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This retrospective study used routine clinical and US data from 205 PTC patients. According to the pathology results, the enrolled patients were divided into a non-CLNM group and a CLNM group. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 143) and a validation cohort (n = 62). A total of 1046 USR features of lesion areas were extracted. The features were reduced using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) with stratified 15-fold cross-validation. Several machine learning classifiers were employed to build a Clinical model based on clinical variables, a USR model based solely on extracted USR features, and a Clinical-USR model based on the combination of clinical variables and USR features. The Clinical-USR model could discriminate between PTC patients with CLNM and PTC patients without CLNM in the training (AUC, 0.78) and validation cohorts (AUC, 0.71). When compared to the Clinical model, the USR model had higher AUCs in the validation (0.74 vs. 0.63) cohorts. The Clinical-USR model demonstrated higher AUC values in the validation cohort (0.71 vs. 0.63) compared to the Clinical model. The newly developed Clinical-USR model is feasible for predicting CLNM in patients with PTC.
Maintaining global biodiversity by developing a sustainable Anthropocene food production system

Humans have appropriated modern (food and biomass) and ancient (fossil fuels) biological productivity in unprecedented quantities over the last century, generating the biodiversity and climate ‘crises’ respectively. While the energy sector is gradually addressing the underlying cause of climate change, transitioning from biological to physical sources of energy, the biodiversity and conservation community seems more focussed on treating the symptoms of human exploitation of biological systems. Here, I argue that the biodiversity crisis can only be addressed by an equivalent technological transition to our food systems. Developing three scenarios for future technological and agricultural developments, I illustrate how using renewable physical sources of energy to culture animal products, microbes and carbohydrates will enable humanity to circumvent the inefficiencies of photosynthesis and the conversion of photosynthetic materials into animal products, thus releasing over 80% of agricultural and grazing land ‘back to nature’. However, new political will, governance structures and economic incentives are required to make it a reality.
Using sensors to detect individual responses of lambs during transport and pre-slaughter handling and their relationship with meat quality

Rapid analysis of animal welfare is a crucial component of the assessment of the meat quality supply chain, ensuring management procedures confer optimum standards of welfare. Further, there is increasing interest in monitoring the welfare state of each individual animal. This study looked at transport and pre-slaughter management in terms of meat quality evaluated in two breeds (Biellese and Sambucana) across two different farming systems. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies were implemented, including accelerometer and rumination activity ear-tag sensors, as potential welfare indicators during transportation and pre-slaughter. Significant correlations were found between sensors' parameters, such as total activity and rumination and physical and chemical meat quality characteristics such as drip loss. Lambs with lower rumination and/or lower total activity were found to have lower drip loss indicating reduced meat quality. Sensors have the potential to help detect those animals particularly sensitive to stressors during transport and pre-slaughter handling and may allow real-time measurement of the impact of transport and handling in abattoirs, enabling better animal management via specific customised strategies.
A Text Similarity Study: Understanding How Differently Greek News Media Describe News Events

: Online news media usually cover the same news events. It would be interesting to understand, how similar are the descriptions of these events. In other words to explore how a distinct news event, is described by different news media. Can we safely conclude when two or more event descriptions refer to the same event? This research aims to investigate similarities in Greek news articles and provide new data on the field, as there is no relevant research. To do so, news article’s text is extracted, processed and analyzed with automated methods. To establish an understanding of similarity, three similarity settings are explored and special focus is given in examining the degree of similarity between news articles that cover the same event. In some cases results are inconclusive, while in others results show that groups of news media share the exact same articles with little or no modifications at all. The similarity analysis of news articles is a complex task and relies on many different factors that need to be addressed.
Observation of local entanglement oscillation in free space

It is well known that the entanglement of a quantum state is invariant under local unitary transformations. It dictates, for example, that the degree of entanglement of a photon pair in a Bell state remains maximally entangled during propagation in free-space. Here we outline a scenario where this paradigm does not hold. Using local Bell states engineered from classical vector vortex beams with non-separable degrees of freedom, so-called classically entangled states, we demonstrate that the entanglement evolves during propagation, oscillating between maximally entangled (purely vector) and product states (purely scalar). We outline the theory behind these novel propagation dynamics and confirm the results experimentally. Crucially, our approach allows delivering a tunable degree of local entanglement to a distant receiver by simply altering a modal phase delay holographically, or, in essence, a tractor beam for entanglement. This demonstration highlights a hitherto unnoticed property of classical entanglement and offers at the same time a device for on-demand delivery of vector states to targets, e.g., for dynamic laser materials processing as well as switchable resolution within STED systems.
Hard state neutron star and black hole X-ray binaries in the radio : X-ray luminosity plane

Motivated by the large body of literature around the phenomenological properties of accreting black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) X-ray binaries in the radio:X-ray luminosity plane, we carry out a comparative regression analysis on 36 BHs and 41 NSs in hard X-ray states, with data over 7 dex in X-ray luminosity for both. The BHs follow a radio to X-ray (logarithmic) luminosity relation with slope β = 0.59 ± 0.02, consistent with the NSs’ slope (⁠β=0.44+0.05−0.04β=0.44−0.04+0.05⁠) within 2. 5σ. The best-fitting intercept for the BHs significantly exceeds that for the NSs, cementing BHs as more radio loud, by a factor ∼22. This discrepancy cannot be fully accounted for by the mass or bolometric correction gap, or by the NS boundary layer contribution to the X-rays, and is likely to reflect physical differences in the accretion flow efficiency, or the jet powering mechanism. Once importance sampling is implemented to account for the different luminosity distributions, the slopes of the non-pulsating and pulsating NS subsamples are formally inconsistent (>3σ), unless the transitional millisecond pulsars (whose incoherent radio emission mechanism is not firmly established) are excluded from the analysis. We confirm the lack of a robust partitioning of the BH data set into separate luminosity tracks.
Quality of Cryptocurrency Mining on Previous Generation NVIDIA GTX GPUs

: Currently, there is a lot of previous generation NVIDIA GTX graphical processing units (GPUs) available on the market, which were ousted from by next-gen RTX units. Due to this fact, numerous fully-operational devices remain underused, which are available at an affordable price. First, this paper presents an analysis of the cryptocurrency market. Next, in this context, the results of research on the performance of NVIDIA graphics cards with dedicated software as a cryptocurrency mining platform. The research included three hardware platforms: GTX 480 x1, GTX 480 x2 and GTX 760 x1, tested under four cryptocurrencies, namely: Bitcoin, Litecoin, Monero and Ethereum. The custom-build test bench included power consumption as well as the efficiency of mining various digital currencies. Obtained results can aid any investigator interested in designing his own stand as well as configuring the environment.
Étude longitudinale des relations entre la perception de compétence, la motivation et le rendement scolaires

Si plusieurs théories avancent que la perception de compétence tient un rôle central dans la motivation et le rendement scolaires, la direction de leurs relations n’est pas consensuelle. Cette étude longitudinale couvrant la transition primaire-secondaire examine cette question. Dès la 5e année du primaire et une fois l’an durant les 4 années suivantes, 830 élèves ont répondu à un questionnaire sur leur perception de compétence et leur motivation, alors que leurs enseignants ont rapporté leur rendement. Une fois la contribution du sexe et des habiletés mentales des élèves, et la scolarité des parents contrôlées, les résultats indiquent une association bidirectionnelle entre la perception de compétence et le rendement. La perception de compétence prédit systématiquement la motivation, mais pas l’inverse, et il existe aussi peu de liens entre la motivation et le rendement. La discussion met l’accent sur l’importance du développement d’une perception de compétence positive dans le fonctionnement scolaire.
Initial Dislocation Structure and Dynamic Dislocation Multiplication In Mo Single Crystals

Initial dislocation structure in annealed high-purity Mo single crystals and deformation substructure in a crystal subjected to 1% compression have been examined and studied in order to investigate dislocation multiplication mechanisms in the early stages of plastic deformation. The initial dislocation density is in a range of 10{sup 6} {approx} 10{sup 7} cm{sup -2}, and the dislocation structure is found to contain many grown-in superjogs along dislocation lines. The dislocation density increases to a range of 10{sup 8} {approx} 10{sup 9} cm{sup -2}, and the average jog height is also found to increase after compressing for a total strain of 1%. It is proposed that the preexisting jogged screw dislocations can act as (multiple) dislocation multiplication sources when deformed under quasi-static conditions. Both the jog height and length of link segment (between jogs) can increase by stress-induced jog coalescence, which takes place via the lateral migration (drift) of superjogs driven by unbalanced line-tension partials acting on link segments of unequal lengths. Applied shear stress begins to push each link segment to precede dislocation multiplication when link length and jog height are greater than critical lengths. This dynamic dislocation multiplication source is subsequently verified by direct simulations of dislocation dynamics undermore » stress to be crucial in the early stages of plastic deformation in Mo single crystals. « less
Depletion of gut microbiota improves the therapeutic efficacy of cancer nanomedicine

Rationale: Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in cancer development and treatment. Studies show that although the gut microbiota is able to promote tumor growth, its presence also improves the efficacy of cancer treatment such as immunotherapy. To date, understanding of the potential impact of the gut microbiota on other treatment modalities such as cancer nanomedicine is still limited. In this study, we aimed to establish the relationship between gut microbiota and cancer nanomedicine, which can potentially open a new path in cancer treatment that combines gut microbiota modulation along with nanotherapeutics. Methods: Mice bearing 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells were subjected to gut microbiota modulation by antibiotics (ABX) treatment in the drinking water. Mice given normal water was used for control. The effects of ABX treatment towards gut bacteria was studied by RT-qPCR and 16S next generation sequencing of fecal samples. The mice were then subjected to liposomal doxorubicin (LipoDox) treatment and the amount of nanotherapeutics that accumulated in the tumors was quantified. For therapeutic efficacy, the mice were subjected to ABX treatment and given three injections of LipoDox or saline, while the tumor growth was monitored throughout. Results: Analysis of fecal bacterial content showed that ABX treatment resulted in depletion of gut microbiota. Quantification of LipoDox content revealed significantly increased accumulation in ABX tumor compared to control. Compared to LipoDox treatment alone, we found that combined gut microbiota depletion and LipoDox treatment resulted in augmented long-term anti-tumor efficacy and significantly improved median survival compared to LipoDox only (control vs ABX = 58.5 vs 74 days, p = 0.0002, n = 10 for both groups), with two mice surviving until the end of the experimental end point without experiencing relapse. We also identified the increase in vascular permeability of ABX-treated tumors correlated to for improved therapeutic efficacy and outcome. Conclusion: We showed that gut microbiota depletion led to enhanced tumor vascular permeability, which allowed a larger amount of LipoDox nanoparticles to accumulate in the tumor, leading to better long-term effects. Our results suggest that gut microbiota modulation may be exploited in combination with available nanomedicine-based therapeutics to improve cancer diagnosis, therapeutic efficacy and outcome.
Recent topics of oculopharyngodistal myopathy

Oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is a rare hereditary muscle disease manifesting with progressive ocular, bulbar, and predominantly distal limb weakness. Muscle pathology is characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles and small angular fibers. To date, LRP12, GIPC1, NOTCH2NLC, and RILPL1 have been reported as the causative genes for OPDM, with the subtypes categorized according to each gene. The clinicopathological and genetic features (triplet repeats in 5′ untranslated region) are similar among all OPDM subtypes, suggesting a comparable pathogenesis among them. Several studies have demonstrated the possible pathomechanism of OPDM, such as protein/RNA gain‐of‐function theories. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the molecular mechanism, clinicopathological findings, and management of the disease.
A Truncation of 11‐Dimensional Supergravity for Fubini‐Like Instantons in AdS4/CFT3

From a consistent Kaluza‐Klein truncation of 11‐dimensional supergravity over AdS4×CP3⋉S1/Zk , with a general 4‐form ansatz, we arrive at a set of equations and solutions for the included fields. In particular, we have a bulk equation for a self‐interacting (pseudo)scalar with arbitrary mass. By computing the energy‐momentum tensors of the associated Einstein equations, to include the backreaction, and setting them to zero, we solve the resulting equations with the bulk one and get solutions corresponding to marginal and marginally relevant deformations of the boundary CFT3, which break the conformal symmetry. These bulk (pseudo)scalars are SU(4)×U(1) ‐singlet and the corresponding solutions break all supersymmetries and parity because of the associated (anti)M‐branes wrapping around specific and mixed internal and external directions. As a result and according to AdS4/CFT3 duality rules, we would realize the boundary counterpart in three‐dimensional Chern‐Simon U(N) field theories with matters in fundamental representations. In particular, we build a SO(4) ‐invariant Fubini‐like instanton solution by setting a specific boundary Lagrangian. The resulting solution is used to describe the dynamics of thin‐wall bubbles that cause instability and big crunch singularities in the bulk because of the unboundedness of the boundary double‐hump potential from below. Relations to mass‐deformed ABJM model, O(N) vector models and scale invariance breaking are also discussed. Meanwhile, we evaluate corrections for the background actions because of the bulk and boundary instantons.
An Empirical Study of the Introduction of Hog Futures on Stabilizing Hog Prices

— Hog prices in China are highly volatile and cyclical, in 2021 hog price has dropped down to below 10 yuan per pound, which has a huge impact on hog farmers and consumers. This study investigates the stabilizing effect of the newly listed hog futures on spot market in China. A static historical volatility model and GARCH model are adopted in this study. The data in this paper is from Wind and Security Research Centers. The results from static historical volatility model and time series techniques show the listing of hog futures leads to increased volatility of hog spot price in a short term.
Lectures on the Geometric Group Theory

Preface The main goal of this book is to describe several tools of the quasi-isometric rigidity and to illustrate them by presenting (essentially self-contained) proofs of several fundamental theorems in this area: Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth, Mostow Rigidity Theorem and Schwartz's quasi-isometric rigidity theorem for nonuniform lattices in the real-hyperbolic spaces. We conclude with a survey of the quasi-isometric rigidity theory. The main idea of the geometric group theory is to treat finitely-generated groups as geometric objects: With each finitely-generated group G one associates a metric space, the Cayley graph of G. One of the main issues of the geometric group theory is to recover as much as possible algebraic information about G from the geometry of the Cayley graph. (A somewhat broader viewpoint is to say that one studies a finitely generated group G by analyzing geometric properties of spaces X on which G acts geometrically, i.e., properly discontinuously, cocompactly and isometrically. The Cayley graph is just one of such spaces.) A primary obstacle for this is the fact that the Cayley graph depends not only on G but on a particular choice of a generating set of G. Cayley graphs associated with different generating sets are not isometric but quasi-isometric. The fundamental question which we will try to address in this book is: If G, G are quasi-isometric groups, to which extent G and G share the same algebraic properties? The best one can hope here is to recover the group G up to virtual isomorphism from its geometry. Groups G 1 , G 2 are said to be virtually isomorphic if there exist subgroups Virtual isomorphism implies quasi-isometry but, in general, the converse is false, see Example 1.49.
Credit Rating Analysis with Decision Tree Method in Housing Loans through the United States

---- With the development of society, the problem of buying houses has become one of the main debt pressures of contemporary people, and housing loans can effectively alleviate this situation. This article tries to use data statistics to discover the preferences of loan groups and find the best classification method for predicting the housing loan people. In order to analyze more accurately, all personal data are sampled from the United States, and their influence on housing loans is judged by comparing individuals' gender, marriage, graduation, employment relationship, and income. This article will use three statistical algorithms for data testing and training, include Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machines. Through sampling training of seventy percent of the total data, a statistical model is built based on the above three methods. Then the remaining data is used for testing respectively to verify or modify the training model to improve the accuracy of prediction. The final conclusion is that the sampled data cannot be one hundred percent through the evaluation parameters to get the result of the housing loan, the main reason is that the sources of parameters are limited. We can only assess the basic conditions of people, but there are no more sources of information to fully label individuals. In addition, the differences in loan conditions within each state have caused statistical difficulties in national data. However, the Decision Tree is the way to do the best prediction, it can still be used to verify and analyze certain filtered data.
All-multipartite Bell-correlation inequalities for two dichotomic observables per site

We construct a set of ${2}^{{2}^{n}}$ independent Bell-correlation inequalities for n-partite systems with two dichotomic observables each, which is complete in the sense that the inequalities are satisfied if and only if the correlations considered allow a local classical model. All these inequalities can be summarized in a single, albeit nonlinear inequality. We show that quantum correlations satisfy this condition provided the state has positive partial transpose with respect to any grouping of the n systems into two subsystems. We also provide an efficient algorithm for finding the maximal quantum-mechanical violation of each inequality, and show that the maximum is always attained for the generalized GHZ state.
Seismological Aspects of December 31, 2018, Cairo-Suez Event

On 31 December 2018 at 10:36:34 UTC shallow earthquake of ML=4.3 took place 25 Km east of Cairo and in the vicinity of the under-construction new Capital city of Egypt (Fig.1). The event was interesting as it was felt with intensity IV up to 50 Km epicentral distance with relatively small magnitude Mw=3.8. the focal mechanism of the event showed Normal faulting with a slight component of strike-slip movement which is in good agreement with the tectonic regime of the area and estimated source parameters are found to be in agreement with intraplate earthquakes. These results could support that the event is triggered by the Pre-Tertiary E-W faults as an on land continuation of the Gulf of Suez extensional process.