Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Single Event Upsets in ARM F Alarm Controller Program with Instruction Duplication Implicit

This report presents a formalization of a small ARM-based assembly language with explicit structure for modelling faults on speciﬁc bit positions and registers. More speciﬁcally, we model single event upsets that can be caused by various natural phenomena, or by malicious exploiting We leverage data/control ﬂow analysis to obtain a program slice towards a user-speciﬁed critical program point. The critical program point is anno-tated with a special security assertion which is a logic formula used to verify the properties of Abstract We propose a static program analysis for quantifying the vulnerability of programs in the presence of single event upsets. The analysis is formalised and implemented for an ARM based assembly language, in which we provide syntax and semantics for modelling faults. The analysis itself targets a user-speciﬁed critical program point and utilizes data and control ﬂow analysis to obtain a relevant program slice. The analysis leverages symbolic execution to collect the path conditions on the slice towards the critical code, and the vulnerable faults are obtained by verify-ing path conditions against a special security assertion. We show how program semantics can be modelled as timed automata models, allowing us to analyse and quantify the risk of faults with statistical model checking. Furthermore, due to the many possible ways single event upsets can affect a program, we propose to analyse faults in terms of fault equivalence classes conditioned on their effect on the behaviour of a program. We propose a deﬁnition of fault equivalence and provide an algorithm for deciding equivalence. Lastly, we show the usefulness of the analysis by experiments with an implementation of a simple prototype tool.
Revisiting Proteasome Inhibitors: Molecular Underpinnings of Their Development, Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Overcome Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance

Proteasome inhibitors have shown relevant clinical activity in several hematological malignancies, namely in multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, improving patient outcomes such as survival and quality of life, when compared with other therapies. However, initial response to the therapy is a challenge as most patients show an innate resistance to proteasome inhibitors, and those that respond to the therapy usually develop late relapses suggesting the development of acquired resistance. The mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibition are still controversial and scarce in the literature. In this review, we discuss the development of proteasome inhibitors and the mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to their activity—a major challenge in preclinical and clinical therapeutics. An improved understanding of these mechanisms is crucial to guiding the design of new and more effective drugs to tackle these devastating diseases. In addition, we provide a comprehensive overview of proteasome inhibitors used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, as this is a key strategy to combat resistance.
Effects of ginsenoside compound K on colitis-associated colorectal cancer and gut microbiota profiles in mice

Background Ginsenoside compound K (GC-K), generated from ginseng saponins bioconverted by gut microbiota, has potential anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) effects. Meanwhile, GC-K may interact with gut microbiota, playing important roles in the occurrence and development of CRC. However, the effects of gut microbiota on the preventive and therapeutic effects of GC-K in CRC remain to be elucidated. Methods The anti-CRC effects of GC-K were evaluated in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated CRC Balb/c mice model under the dosage of 30 and 60 mg/kg. Stool samples were collected during the experiments for profiling gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Correlative analysis between gut microbiota and anti-CRC effect of GC-K was also assessed. Finally, the anti-CRC effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) was validated in CRC cell lines. Results GC-K could significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo at the dosage of 60 mg/kg without exogenous interference of gut microbiota. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota was observed in the CRC model group, which could be recovered by GC-K treatment. In particular, A. muciniphila, which could inhibit the proliferation of HCT-116, HT-29, and LOVO cells, was significantly up-regulated by GC-K. Conclusions GC-K was verified to suppress the tumor growth of AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated CRC through the modulation of gut microbiota, partially by up-regulation of A. muciniphila.
Protein Assistants of Small Ribosomal Subunit Biogenesis in Bacteria

Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental and multistage process. The basic steps of ribosome assembly are the transcription, processing, folding, and modification of rRNA; the translation, folding, and modification of r-proteins; and consecutive binding of ribosomal proteins to rRNAs. Ribosome maturation is facilitated by biogenesis factors that include a broad spectrum of proteins: GTPases, RNA helicases, endonucleases, modification enzymes, molecular chaperones, etc. The ribosome assembly factors assist proper rRNA folding and protein–RNA interactions and may sense the checkpoints during the assembly to ensure correct order of this process. Inactivation of these factors is accompanied by severe growth phenotypes and accumulation of immature ribosomal subunits containing unprocessed rRNA, which reduces overall translation efficiency and causes translational errors. In this review, we focus on the structural and biochemical analysis of the 30S ribosomal subunit assembly factors RbfA, YjeQ (RsgA), Era, KsgA (RsmA), RimJ, RimM, RimP, and Hfq, which take part in the decoding-center folding.
Charge-equalisation for Li-ion batteries by direct charge-transfer circuit

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a charge-equalisation circuit for series-connected battery pack based on direct charge transference. The battery cells inside the pack can mutually transfer their charges directly via the bidirectional flyback converter within this proposed charge-equalisation circuit. Since electric charge is transferred directly between the highest and lowest charged cells, the losses dissipated during the transfer processes can be minimised. Meanwhile, the equalisation time can be reduced. A battery-management IC is used to detect the cell voltages and drive the battery-selection switches. A battery pack that consists of four series-connected Li-ion battery cells is used in the experiment. The charge-equalisation circuit topology and its control scheme are verified by experiments. From the experimental results, the proposed circuit is able to shrink the maximum voltage difference between cells into 30 mV range after 170min. The results successfully verify the feasibility of the circuit topology and the control scheme.
Securing Full-Duplex Amplify-and-Forward Relay-Aided Communications Through Processing-Time Optimization

We investigate physical-layer security of the full-duplex (FD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay channel. We provide a new perspective on the problem and show that the processing time (delay) at the relay can be exploited to improve the system’s security. We show that the FD AF relay channel can be seen as an intersymbol-interference (ISI) channel, hence, the discrete-Fourier transform (DFT) can be used for data modulation and demodulation to convert the frequency-selective channel into flat-fading channel per sub-channel/sub-carrier. By exploiting the fact that the channel memory needs to be cleared by inserting the cyclic-prefix, Alice injects an artificial-noise (AN) signal that hurts the eavesdropping nodes only. The strength of this AN signal and its interference rank are controlled by the relay’s processing time.
ESL Lexical Inferencing for the Unknown Words in Newspaper Editorials at Advanced Level

The study aims at exploring the inferential behaviours of the ESL learners in generating the meanings of the unknown words faced in reading editorials of newspapers. It further notices the impact of instructional treatment on the use of knowledge sources and their relationship with success, the effect of syntactic property of the unknown words, and the difficulties faced in lexical inferencing while interacting with a text. The theoretical framework of knowledge sources adopted in the study was given by Bengeleil and Paribakht (2004). Data were collected through introspective verbal protocols and observation. The study used the texts of the editorials published in native newspaper The Washington Post. Flesch Reading Ease Measure was employed to compare readability of the editorials. The study is quasi-experimental which includes pretest, instructional treatment and posttest. It uses Winograd and Hare’s (1988) model of instruction due to its cognitive usefulness. The analysis of selected verbal protocols gave insight to the inferential behaviours of the subjects while using linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge sources in the pursuit of meaning of the unknown words. The instructional treatment had a significant effect on the sources in lexical inferencing. It was found out that the parts of speech of the unknown words had effect on ease or difficulty in deducing their meanings. The study sheds light on various reasons of incorrect inferences. Key words: ESL Reading, Lexical Inferencing, Editorials, Introspection, Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Knowledge Sources, Syntactic Property of Unknown Words
Health Facilities Assessment and Implementation of Facility Based Nutrition Services in Punjab

Government of the Punjab provide nutrition services through primary, secondary and tertiary health care facilities across Punjab. But many gaps persist, that reduce the services delivery and timely management of cases, which results in high rate of nutrition maladies. For its appraisal, a rapid assessment of nutrition services centres was conducted, which gauged either these facilities are equipped with standard operating procedures, from identification, treatment and follow up of the patient to service delivery. A rapid assessment tool was developed to measure functionality of these service centres during October-November 2016. The data analysis for the Outpatient Therapeutic Centres (OTP) showed that out of the total number of health facilities samples 73 percent of the centres are fully functional, 24 percent were found to be semi-functional at the time of data collection, largely due to nonavailability of equipment and supplies, while 3 percent of the centres were found to be nonfunctional. Of the 20 Stabilization Centres (SCs) surveyed, one was found to be only semifunctional due to the newly recruited staff, not having received the relevant training details mentioned in the Punjab Nutrition Plan. The SC also did not have available provisions of therapeutic food required to cure malnourished children. The other 19 SCs were reported as fully functional, but it was found that there was weak coordination between some the SC and the Provincial Program Implementation Unit of the program, as they were not sharing their monthly report using the standard reporting format. In order to make nutrition services more functional and effective, proper planning, timely available of medicine, record keeping and follow up are essential components to maintain the integrity of the program.
Space-time Evaluation for Impact of Ice Disaster on Transmission Line Fault Probability

The evolution process of blackout caused by ice disaster can be divided into four stages:ice and snow leading to freezing rain,freezing rain leading to transmission line icing,transmission line icing leading to power grid fault,and cascading failure leading to blackout.The way freezing rain affects transmission line fault probability involves the meteorological law of sleet forming,the thermodynamics law of transmission line icing,and the mechanical law of transmission line broken and tower collapse.Therefore,the information needed for online evaluation of blackout risk due to freezing rain is summed up first.Then,the ice thickness covered on the transmission line is calculated using weather forecast and micromorphology information.And the online transmission line fault probability,which can be used to update the envisioned fault table of the security stability analysis software,is evaluated using real-time line monitoring information.An early-warning model for blackout due to ice disaster is established finally based on the electrical law of flow transfer and dynamic law of system crash.
Overcoming Major Environmental and Production Challenges in Cattle Owned by Smallholder Farmers in the Tropics

The world’s population is expected to increase significantly by 2050, leading to significantly increased demands for meat and dairy products. However, cattle are major emitters of greenhouse gases that speed up climate change. To achieve food security by 2050, livestock enterprises need to double their outputs from constant resources, in the face of increased competition for inputs such as land, water, grain and labour. To cope with climate change, the livestock need to be productive under hotter and drier climates and be able to tolerate increased challenges from parasites and vector-borne diseases. The best way for smallholder cattle farmers in tropical low-medium income countries to overcome these multiple challenges is to focus on improving the productivity of their herds. This paper discusses a range of simple and cost-effective options already available to smallholder farmers to significantly improve the productivity and profitability of their herds and by doing so, they will indirectly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their cattle and improve the natural resource base on which their cattle graze. Improved herd productivity will in turn deliver significant social, environmental, economic and livelihood benefits to the smallholder farmers themselves and the communities and value chains in which they operate.
Support Vector Regression for Developing Ground-Motion Models for Arias Intensity, Cumulative Absolute Velocity, and Significant Duration for the Kanto Region, Japan

The Kanto region is an earthquake disaster-prone area where it is necessary to conduct regional seismic hazard analysis. Ground-motion models (GMMs) of Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, and significant duration are developed by support vector regression (SVR) for the Kanto region, Japan. In contrast to traditional regression programs used in previous models, which are usually expressed as a mathematical function with a minimum observed training error as constraints, the SVR algorithm has one major feature: it minimizes the generalized error bound to improve robustness. In the database for this study, the regional ground-motion database contains 15,960 ground-motion records of 130 earthquake events from 2000 to 2020 with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) with a magnitude MJMA 5.0–8.0 and a rupture distance less than 200 km. In developing SVR GMMs, the moment magnitude (Mw), rupture distance (Rrup), and shear-wave velocity averaged in the top 30 m of soil (VS30) were adopted to characterize the source, path, and site conditions. To verify the rationality and effectiveness of the SVR GMMs, the performance indices (e.g., correlation coefficients and slope coefficients) and residuals are analyzed. The residuals of the SVR GMMs have no significant deviation in magnitude, rupture distance, or VS30. The standard deviations of model residuals are calculated using the regional ground-motion database, and the standard deviations of SVR GMMs are less than those of previous models developed based on a Japanese or global database. Furthermore, the SVR GMMs are also compared with observed data and the previous GMMs. Data-driven SVR method constrains statistical theory and probability theory to develop GMMs, which can eliminate the problem that the specific form of the previous models may affect the prediction performance and capture the regional attenuation characteristics effectively.
Induction of Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyogenesis by Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) and Its Interplay with Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1)

Simple Summary Cardiovascular diseases are worldwide one of the leading contributors of mortality, and among multiple therapeutic approaches, stem cell therapy has been introduced as a robust therapeutic strategy to alleviate related symptoms and restore cardiac functions. Prior to this, however, for successful cell therapy, an adequate number of functional and safe cardiac cells needs to be generated. For this purpose, our approach was boosting the proliferative capacity of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1). Our results demonstrated that FGF10 and CT-1 substantially increased the number of cardiac cells that originated from stem cells. In molecular assays, to assess RNA and protein level alterations, the enhanced presence of specific markers for cardiac cells after treatment of stem cells with FGF10 and/or CT-1 was confirmed. This inducing potential of cardiac cells can particularly be applicable in the cell replacement-based therapies of cardiac infarction. This research sheds light on the putative effect of FGF10 and CT-1 in the transition of stem cells to cardiac cells, leading to the repair and survival of the heart. Abstract For heart regeneration purposes, embryonic stem cell (ES)-based strategies have been developed to induce the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells towards cardiomyocytes. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) contributes to cardiac development and induces cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro. Yet, among pro-cardiogenic factors, including cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), the hyperplastic function of FGF10 in cardiomyocyte turnover remains to be further characterized. We investigated the proliferative effects of FGF10 on ES-derived cardiac progenitor cells in the intermediate developmental stage and examined the putative interplay between FGF10 and CT-1 in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mouse ES cells were treated with FGF10 and/or CT-1. Differential expression of cardiomyocyte-specific gene markers was analyzed at transcript and protein levels. Substantial upregulation of sarcomeric α-actinin was detected by qPCR, flow cytometry, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. FGF10 enhanced the expression of other structural proteins (MLC-2a, MLC-2v and TNNT2), transcriptional factors (NKX2-5 and GATA4), and proliferation markers (Aurora B and YAP-1). FGF10/CT-1 co-administration led to an upregulation of proliferation markers, suggesting the synergistic potential of FGF10 + CT-1 on cardiomyogenesis. In summary, we provided evidence that FGF10 and CT-1 induce cardiomyocyte structural proteins, associated transcription factors, and cardiac cell proliferation, which could be applicable in therapies to replenish damaged cardiomyocytes.
Genetic Algorithm for a Combinatorial Optimization for Energy Retrofit of Buildings

The building sector must reduce its energy consumption and integrate more renewable energy sources in its supply systems if countries are to achieve energy security and manage climate change. Several technological and constructive options are available to improve building’s energy efficiency. However, building owners do often remain unmotivated, are overwhelmed by different technologies and do not know the best investment strategy for a limited budget. To identify the most appropriate retrofit options for single and two family house owners we propose a Pareto optimisation using genetic algorithm. We use a dynamic calculation of the thermal building and system engineering behaviour programmed in Python. The building is modelled with a low-order model. For the system engineering we use a new approach based on dynamic plant expenditure figures.
Transition to Medical College: Dynamics of Depression, Internet Addiction and Nutritional Status among Junior Medical Students

Background: The initial years of a medical student’s life can be challenging. Coping mechanisms with internet technology can have adverse health effects. This study assessed the depression, internet addiction and nutritional status among junior medical students. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among first and third semester medical students of a new central institute in South India. Depression and internet addiction were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Young’s Internet Addiction Test, respectively. Mann Whitney U test, Pearson’s Chi-squared/Fishers Exact tests and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied. Results: A total of 97 medical students were studied. This comprised 60 male and 37 female students. Mean(SD) age was 19.3 (1.87) years. Most (68%) students were from rural backgrounds. Depression was higher among first semester students (p=0.017), whereas internet addiction was higher among third semester students (p=0.002). Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 7.2%, 18.6% and 35%, respectively. Correlates of internet addiction were previous hostel stay (p=0.047), nutritional status (p=0.043) and social media use (p<0.000). SEM explained the relationship of semester, depression and duration of smart phone usage with internet addiction. Conclusion: Depression and internet addiction was higher among first semester and third semester students, respectively. Nutritional problems were prevalent across semesters.
Shall We Use Logical Approach or More Traditional Mamdani Approach in Fuzzy Control: Pragmatic Analysis

Fuzzy control methodology transforms the experts’ if-then rules into a precise control strategy. From the logical viewpoint, an if-then rule means implication, so it seems reasonable to use fuzzy implication in this transformation. However, this logical approach is not what the first fuzzy controllers used. The traditional fuzzy control approach – first proposed by Mamdani – transforms the if-then rules into a statement that only contains and’s and or’s, and does not use fuzzy implication at all. So, a natural question arises: shall we use logical approach or the traditional approach? In this paper, we analyze this question on the example of a simple system of if-then rules. It turns out that the answer to this question depends on what we want: if we want the smoothest possible control, we should use logical approach, but if we want the most stable control, then the traditional (Mamdani) approach is better.
Orendain, Juan Combinatorial dimensions: indecomposability on certain local finite-dimensional trivial ex-

MSC: 05C40 Connectivity 05C90 Applications of graph theory 05C70 Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.) 13B99 Commutative ring extensions and related topics 13C15 Dimension theory, depth, related commutative rings (catenary, etc.) 13E05 Commutative Noetherian rings and modules 13E10 Commutative Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras 13H99 Local rings and semilocal rings 13M99 Finite commutative rings 16D70 Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) 16S99 Associative rings and algebras arising under various constructions