Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Change in Tropospheric Ozone in the Recent Decades and Its Contribution to Global Total Ozone

Tropospheric ozone is a key chemically active trace gas and radiative forcer. Understanding its long‐term changes is important to properly interpret observed changes in total column ozone and stratospheric ozone recovery. We investigate global and regional tropospheric ozone changes and their impact on total column ozone during 2005–2018 using satellite measurements and the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM). Global total ozone increased ∼4 DU during 2005–2018 (+0.28 ± 0.06 DU yr−1) as inferred from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Consistent with previous studies, the OMI/MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) derived global tropospheric ozone increased 2.2 DU during this period, 60% of the global total column ozone increase. While GEOSCCM reproduces reasonably well the total column increase, it overestimates the stratospheric ozone increase and underestimates the tropospheric ozone increase. We find that the tropospheric ozone increases are likely attributed to a growth of regional emissions of key ozone precursors, especially volatile organic compounds as reflected by the positive trends in formaldehyde (CH2O). Although carbon monoxide (CO) has been decreasing everywhere around the globe, it has relatively small impact on the tropospheric ozone trend. Trends in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vary with regions, and these changes counteract or reinforce the positive effects of CH2O on the tropospheric ozone increases. The model underestimates the observed tropospheric ozone increase, especially over the US and Europe, because of underestimated NO2 emissions changes used in the model. The stratospheric ozone contribution increases during this period in the Northern Hemisphere and contributes to the tropospheric ozone increase.
Structure of neutron stars in tensor-vector-scalar theory

Bekenstein's tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) theory has had considerable success in explaining various phenomena without the need for dark matter. However, it is difficult to observationally discern the differences between TeVeS and predictions made within the {lambda}-cold dark matter concordance model. This implies that alternative tests are required that independently verify which theory is correct. For this we turn to the strong-field regime of TeVeS. In particular, we solve the spherically symmetric equations of hydrostatic equilibrium for a perfect fluid with a realistic equation of state to build models of neutron stars in TeVeS. We show that causality within the neutron star is only maintained for certain cosmological values of the scalar field, which allows us to put constraints on this value independently of cosmological observations. We also discuss in detail the internal structure of neutron stars and how each of the free parameters in the theory affects the overall size and mass of the neutron stars. In particular, the radii of neutron stars in TeVeS can significantly differ from those in general relativity for certain values of the vector field coupling, which allows us to also place extra constraints on this parameter. Finally, we discuss future observations of neutron stars usingmore » both the electromagnetic and gravitational wave spectrums that will allow for tests of the appropriate theory of gravity. « less
Characteristics of solar-like oscillations of clusters simulated by stellar population synthesis

Using a stellar population-synthesis method, we studied the distributions of νmax and Δν of simulated clusters with various ages and metallicities. Except for the confirmed peak (RC peak) of Δν of red-clump (RC) stars, i.e. core helium-burning stars, one sees a gap and a main-sequence (MS) peak in the distributions of νmax and Δν of young clusters. The gap corresponds mainly to the Hertzsprung-gap phase of evolution. The RC peak is caused by the fact that the radii of many RC stars near the zero-age horizontal branch are concentrated in a certain range. The MS peak also results from the fact that many MS stars located in a certain mass range have an approximate radius in the early phase of the MS. The MS peak barely exists in the simulated clusters with age ≲ 1.0 Gyr. The location of the MS peak moves to a lower frequency with increasing age or metallicity, which may be applied to constrain the age and metallicity of young clusters. For simulated clusters with Z= 0.02, the frequency of the location of the dominant RC peak increases with age when age 1.2 Gyr, but scarcely varies when age > 2.4 Gyr. This is relative to the degeneracy of the hydrogen-exhausted core at the time of helium ignition. In addition, the RC peak is not sensitive to the metallicity, especially for clusters with age > 2.4 Gyr. Asteroseismical observations of clusters with age ≲ 2.4 Gyr may aid in testing the theory of degeneracy of hydrogen-exhausted cores. Moreover, for clusters with 1.1 M⊙ < Mhook < 1.3 M⊙ there is a MS gap and a peak on the left of the MS gap in the distributions of νmax and Δν, which may be applied to constrain the central hydrogen abundance of stars in the MS gap and the peak.
Hubungan Efikasi Diri Terhadap Prokrastinasi Pada Santri Tahfidz Qur’an

: Prokastinasi merupakan perilaku menunda kegiatan, sehingga prokastinasi tidak patut untuk dilakukan pada santri, karena akan menghambat ketidaklancaran tugas yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubuungan efikasi diri terhadap prokrastinasi pada santri tahfidz qur’an. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan skala efikasi diri dan skala prokrastinasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan santri Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Qur’an Ma’had Al Mubarok Litahfidzil Qur’an Al Karim Jambi dengan populasi berjumlah 382 santri, dan sampel sebanyak 67 subjek santri. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien antara efikasi diri dengan prokrastinasi adalah 0,256 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,018 (p<0,05) dan menunjukan terdapat hubungn negatif yang signifikan antara Efikasi Diri
New dissipation mechanisms from multilevel dark matter scattering

Multi-level dark matter with diagonal and off-diagonal interactions shows a rich phenomenology in its self-scattering. If the interactions are mediated by a particle that is less massive than the dark matter, Sommerfeld effect can lead to resonant enhancement of the scattering. For mediators lighter than the level separation, dark matter particles can upscatter to excited states and de-excite by emitting these mediators. We compute these cross-sections, both above and below the kinematic threshold, in a generic two-component dark matter model and identify the large inelastic cross-section as a result of maximal mixing between the two states. A new route for cooling of large dark matter halos and a new drag force between two colliding halos are identified and shown to arise purely from the inelastic scattering.
CCD time-series photometry of the globular cluster NGC 6981: variable star census and physical parameter estimates

We present the results from 10 nights of observations of the globular cluster NGC 6981 (M72) in the V , R and I Johnson wavebands. We employed the technique of difference image analysis to perform precision differential photometry on the ti me-series images, which enabled us to carry out a census of the under-studied variable star population of the cluster. We show that 20 suspected variables in the literature are actually non-v ariable, and we confirm the variable nature of another 29 variables while refining their ephemeri des. We also detect 11 new RR Lyrae variables and 3 new SX Phe variables, bringing the total confirmed variable star count in NGC 6981 to 43. We performed Fourier decomposition of the light curves for a subset of RR Lyrae stars and used the Fourier parameters to estimate the fundamental physical parameters of the stars using relations available in the literature. Mean values of these physical parameters have allowed us to estimate the physical parameters of the parent cluster. We derive a metallicity of [Fe/H]ZW � 1.48±0.03 on the Zinn & West (1984) scale (or [Fe/H]UVES � 1.38±0.03 on the new Carretta et al. (2009) scale) for NGC 6981, and distances of �16.73±0.36 kpc and �16.68±0.36 kpc from analysis of the RR0 and RR1 stars separately. We also confirm the Oosterhoff type I classification for the cluster, and show th at our colour-magnitude data is consistent with the age of �12.75±0.75 Gyr derived by Dotter et al. (2010).
Weak subconvexity without a Ramanujan hypothesis

We describe a new method to obtain weak subconvexity bounds for $L$-functions with mild hypotheses on the size of the Dirichlet coefficients. We verify these hypotheses for all automorphic $L$-functions and (with mild restrictions) the Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions attached to two automorphic representations. The proof relies on a new unconditional log-free zero density estimate for Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions.
Strange star equation of state fits the refined mass measurement of 12 pulsars and predicts their radii

There are three categories of stars whose masses have been found accurately in recent times: (1) two for which Shapiro delay is used which is possible due to GR light bending as the partner is heavy : PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J1903+0327 (2) six eclipsing stars for which numerical Roche Lobe geometry is used and (3) 3 stars for which spectroscopic methods are used and in fact for these three the mass and radii both are estimated. Motivated by large color (N_c) expansion using a modified Richardson potential, along with density dependent quark masses thereby allowing chiral symmetry restoration, we get compact strange stars fitting all the observed masses.
Thin Films of Chiral Motors

Hydrodynamic flows in biological systems are often generated by active chiral processes near or on surfaces. Important examples are beating cilia, force generation in actomyosin networks, and motile bacteria interacting with surfaces. Here we develop a coarse grained description of active chiral films that captures generic features of flow and rotation patterns driven by chiral motors. We discuss force and torque balances within the film and on the surface and highlight the role of the intrinsic rotation field. We arrive at a two dimensional effective theory and discuss our results in the context of ciliary carpets and thin films of bacterial suspensions.
Modification of graphene properties due to electron-beam irradiation

The authors report micro-Raman investigation of changes in the single and bilayer graphene crystal lattice induced by the low and medium energy electron-beam irradiation (5–20 keV). It was found that the radiation exposures result in the appearance of the strong disorder D band around 1345 cm−1, indicating damage to the lattice. The D and G peak evolution with increasing radiation dose follows the amorphization trajectory, which suggests graphene’s transformation to the nanocrystalline and then to amorphous form. The results have important implications for graphene characterization and device fabrication, which rely on the electron microscopy and focused ion beam processing.
Acquired Methemoglobinemia in an Infant: Consequence of Prolonged Application of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) Cream for Spontaneous Abscess Drainage

Topical anesthetics are commonly used in emergency departments. One of the side effects can be methemoglobinemia if not appropriately used. We present a case of a six-week-old baby who developed methemoglobinemia with levels of 30.6% after prolonged (15 hours) application of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) cream. The cream was applied for spontaneous drainage of a perianal abscess. The patient received IV methylene blue with a resolution of methemoglobinemia.
Information Dimension of Dissipative Quantum Walks

We study the temporal growth of the von Neumann entropy for dissipative quantum walks on networks. By using a phenomenological quantum master equation, the quantum stochastic walk (QSW), we are able to parametrically scan the crossover from purely coherent quantum walks to purely diffusive random walks. In the latter limit the entropy shows a logarithmic growth, which is proportional to the information dimension of the random walk on the network. Here we present results for the von Neumann entropy based on the reduced density operator of the QSW. It shows a similar logarithmic growth for a wide range of parameter values and networks. As a consequence, we propose the logarithmic growth rate of the von Neumann entropy to be a natural extension of the information dimension to dissipative quantum systems. We corroborate our results by comparing to numerically exact simulations.
A study on the effect of thickness and spherical diagonal for LYP Infill Plate of shear walls

One of the most significant parameters which should be considered by all engineers is improving structures’ strength subjected to lateral load. Steel shear wall whose duty is to affect lateral load (wind and earthquake) is a wall which consists of shear part. Application of low yield point (LYP) steel in shear walls allows the employment of moderate and/or stocky infill plates with low yielding and high buckling capacities, which can result in enhanced buckling stability, serviceability, and energy dissipation capacity of such systems. Infill LYP plate is used to improve shear wall behavior which leads to enhancement of stiffness. In the present research, infill plate with spherical appendages is applied, and its impact on plate stiffness, cyclic behavior and energy absorption are investigated. The spherical diameter has been chosen respectively 10 and 20 cm distributed with two patterns (diagonal and plus form). The best performance is for a LYP plate with a 10 cm spherical diagonal pattern.
Depth and Heading Control of a Manta Robot Based on S-Plane Control

Bionic underwater robots have many advantages such as high mobility, high efficiency, high affinity, etc. They are especially suitable for tasks such as collecting hydrographic information and for detailed surveys of the marine environment. These tasks are based on their high-precision attitude control. Therefore, this paper proposes a control scheme for a bionic underwater robot—a manta robot. To improve the depth retention capability of the manta robot, a S-plane controller based on asymmetric output was designed in combination with the longitudinal motion characteristics of the manta robot. In addition, to achieve good motion control for the manta robot under conditions of large changes in the heading angle, the fuzzy controller and the heading transition target value function were combined to design the heading controller of the manta robot. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the control system of the manta robot were verified by pool experiments. The experimental results showed that the depth control error was within ±5 cm and the heading control error was within ±5 degrees. The control scheme proposed in this paper achieves high-precision attitude control of the manta robot, providing a basis for the practical application of the manta robot.
Quantum speed-up of multiqubit open system via dynamical decoupling pulses

We present a method to accelerate the dynamical evolution of multiqubit open system by employing dynamical decoupling pulses (DDPs) when the qubits are initially in W-type states. It is found that this speed-up evolution can be achieved in both of the weak-coupling regime and the strong-coupling regime. The physical mechanism behind the acceleration evolution is explained as the result of the joint action of the non-Markovianity of reservoirs and the excited-state population of qubits. It is shown that both of the non-Markovianity and the excited-state population can be controlled by DDPs to realize the quantum speed-up.
Secure Multi-Party Household Load Scheduling Framework for Real-Time Demand-Side Management

Renewable power sources are being increasingly incorporated into distribution networks. Therefore, demand-side management (DSM) has become more critical for improving system reliability. Currently, decentralized real-time DSM is practicable based on home energy management system (HEMS). However, coordinating these HEMSs is difficult because DSM customers may not wish to communicate with each other due to competition and privacy contents. A new peak may even emerge in the aggregator if HEMSs shift their loads without proper coordination. Hence, a secure multi-party household load scheduling framework was proposed in this study to ensure encrypted data sharing between HEMSs based on homomorphic encryption (HE) technology. In order to solve decentralized real-time DSM by directly using additive HE data in this proposed framework, a reinforcement learning (RL) method, namely boosting tree-based deep Q-network, was developed to be trained on a distributed algorithm. The results of case studies revealed that the proposed data-sharing framework outperformed the conventional DSM in shaving peak loads of the aggregator, whereas the electricity cost of each customer did not increase. Moreover, the proposed RL method protected the privacy of users and obtained a similar result compared with no-privacy-preserving RL methods.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in the Elderly; Does LdlLowering Therapy Outweigh the Potential Side Effects?

Background: Recommendations for LDL-lowering treatment in the elderly ≥75 years in primary prevention are less direct than in secondary prevention patients. Therefore, initiation of this treatment heavily depends on the physician-patient discussion and remains arbitrary. This study aimed to conduct an accurate assessment of the newest available evidence of the efficacy of LDL-lowering therapy in elderly ≥75 years without established CVD (i.e., primary prevention) versus the most recent available evidence of side-effects to make the physician- patient discussion easier and purely factual. Methods: We searched the PubMed database up to December 3th on efficacy of LDL- lowering treatment in the elderly in pri mary prevention and performed another search concerning side-effects of LDL-lowering therapy/statin treatment. We presented results of large recent meta-analyses, individual trials and cohorts. The quality of methodology was generally assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and we took these as quality indicators. Results: Direct evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses of significant CV-risk reduction by LDL-lowering therapy in the spe cific group of the elderly ≥ 75 years in primary prevention
Heterotic Flux Geometry from Chiral Gauge Dynamics

Chiral gauge theories in two dimensions with (0,2) supersymmetry admit a much broader, and more interesting, class of vacuum solutions than their better studied (2,2) counterparts. In this thesis, we will explore some of the possibilities that are offered by this additional freedom by including field-dependent theta-angles and FI parameters. The moduli spaces that will result from this procedure correspond to heterotic string backgrounds with non-trivial H-flux and NS-brane sources. Along the way, a remarkable relationship between (0,2) gauge anomalies and H-flux will emerge.
Forecasting neutrino masses from galaxy clustering in the Dark Energy Survey combined with the Planck measurements

We study the prospects for detecting neutrino masses from the galaxy angular power spectrum in photometric redshift shells of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) over a volume of ∼20 h−3 Gpc3, combined with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular fluctuations expected to be measured from the Planck satellite. We find that for a Λ cold dark matter concordance model with seven free parameters in addition to a fiducial neutrino mass of Mν= 0.24 eV, we recover from DES and Planck the correct value with uncertainty of ±0.12 eV (95 per cent confidence level; CL), assuming perfect knowledge of the galaxy biasing. If the fiducial total mass is close to zero, then the upper limit is 0.11 eV (95 per cent CL). This upper limit from DES and Planck is over three times tighter than using Planck alone, as DES breaks the parameter degeneracies in a CMB-only analysis. The analysis utlilizes spherical harmonics up to 300, averaged in bin of 10 to mimic the DES sky coverage. The results are similar if we supplement DES bands (grizY) with the Visible and Infra-Red Survey Telescope for Astronomy Hemisphere Survey (VHS) near-infrared band (JHK). The result is robust to uncertainties in non-linear fluctuations and redshift distortions. However, the result is sensitive to the assumed galaxy biasing schemes and it requires accurate prior knowledge of the biasing. To summarize, if the total neutrino mass in nature is greater than 0.1 eV, we should be able to detect it with DES and Planck, a result with great importance to fundamental physics.
Adaptively refined large eddy simulations of clusters

We present a numerical scheme for modelling unresolved turbulence in cosmological adaptive mesh refinement codes. As a first application, we study the evolution of turbulence in the intra-cluster medium and in the core of a galaxy cluster. Simulations with and without subgrid scale model are compared in detail. Since the flow in the ICM is subsonic, the global turbulent energy contribution at the unresolved length scales is smaller than 1% of the internal energy. We find that the production of turbulence is closely correlated with merger events occurring in the cluster environment, and its dissipation locally affects the cluster energy budget. Because of this additional source of dissipation, the core temperature is larger and the density is smaller in the presence of subgrid scale turbulence than in the standard adiabatic run, resulting in a higher entropy core value.
Imaging or Adrenal Vein Sampling Approach in Primary Aldosteronism? A Patient-Based Approach

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension, associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebral disease, compared to essential hypertension. Therefore, it is mandatory to promptly recognize the disease and offer to the patient the correct diagnostic–therapeutic process in order to reduce new-onset cardiovascular events. It is fundamental to define subtype classification (unilateral or bilateral disease), in order to provide the best treatment (surgery for unilateral and medical treatment for bilateral disease). Here, we report five clinical cases of different subtypes of PA (patients with monolateral or bilateral PA, nondiagnostic AVS, allergy to iodinated contrast, and patients not suitable for surgery), with particular attention to the diagnostic–therapeutic process and the different approaches tailored to a single case. Since PA is a spectrum of various diseases, it needs a personalized diagnostic–therapeutic process, customized for the individual patient, depending on previous medical history, suitability for the surgery and patient’s preferences.
Matter power spectrum from a Lagrangian-space regularization of perturbation theory

We present a new approach to computing the matter density power spectrum, from large linear scales to small highly nonlinear scales. Instead of explicitly computing a partial series of high-order diagrams, as in perturbative resummation schemes, we embed the standard perturbation theory within a realistic nonlinear Lagrangian-space ansatz. We also point out that an "adhesion-like" regularization of the shell-crossing regime is more realistic than a "Zel'dovich-like" behavior, where particles freely escape to infinity. This provides a "cosmic web" power spectrum with good small-scale properties that provide a good matching with a halo model on mildly nonlinear scales. We obtain a good agreement with numerical simulations on large scales, better than 3% for $k\leq 1 h$Mpc$^{-1}$, and on small scales, better than 10% for $k \leq 10 h$Mpc$^{-1}$, at $z \geq 0.35$, which improves over previous methods.