Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Griffith and Ryle on Parliament : Functions, Practice and Procedures

The original edition of this authoritative work on Parliament received outstanding reviews and has now been fully updated and revised by two of the UK's leading parliamentary experts. The book gives a definitive account of all aspects of the organisation and working of the House of Commons and House of Lords, showing the methods and practices by which parliamentary business is conducted, and indicating clearly how the procedures are used by Government ministers, the Opposition front bench, and back bench MPs, for their various different purposes. Research for the second edition has involved an in-depth empirical analysis of the workings of the Commons under the Blair administration, focusing on the many changes which have taken place since 1997, including the new initiatives and procedures aimed at promoting modernisation. The chapter on the House of Lords is by Sir Michael Wheeler-Booth, former Clerk of the Parliaments and member of the Royal Commission on Reform of the House of Lords, who examines the proceedings of the second chamber and discusses the effect of the House of Lords Act 1999 and implications of the Royal Commission Report.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of hot chili pepper fruits and its antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Green synthesis of different nanoparticles using the plants aqueous extracts has several advantages over other methods due to the environmentally favorable nature of plants. moreover, such approach is also cost effective. This work describes the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with the use of the aque ous extract of dry pericarps of hot chili peppers (Capsicum sp. cv. Teja (S-17) and cv. Carolina Reaper) with different levels of pungency and their antibacterial effect on the antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical screening of pericarp tissues showed great distinction in contents of phenolic compounds and capsaicinoids as potential reducing agents wich correlated with total antiradical activity as analyzed by re duction of DPPH radicals. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average size of the nanoparticles in both samples was less than 25 nm. Іnitial concentration of both samples of Ag-NPs inhibited P. aeruginosa with equal efficiency.
The Kengyiliahirsuta karyotype polymorphisms as revealed by FISH with tandem repeats and single-gene probes

Abstract Kengyiliahirsuta (Keng, 1959) J. L. Yang, C. Yen et B. R. Baum, 1992, a perennial hexaploidy species, is a wild relative species to wheat with great potential for wheat improvement and domestication. The genome structure and cross-species homoeology of K.hirsuta chromosomes with wheat were assayed using 14 single-gene probes covering all seven homoeologous groups, and four repetitive sequence probes 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and (AAG)10 by FISH. Each chromosome of K.hirsuta was well characterized by homoeological determination and repeats distribution patterns. The synteny of chromosomes was strongly conserved in the St genome, whereas synteny of the Y and P genomes was more distorted. The collinearity of 1Y, 2Y, 3Y and 7Y might be interrupted in the Y genome. A new 5S rDNA site on 2Y might be translocated from 1Y. The short arm of 3Y might involve translocated segments from 7Y. The 7 Y was identified as involving a pericentric inversion. A reciprocal translocation between 2P and 4P, and tentative structural aberrations in the subtelomeric region of 1PL and 4PL, were observed in the P genome. Chromosome polymorphisms, which were mostly characterized by repeats amplification and deletion, varied between chromosomes, genomes, and different populations. However, two translocations involving a P genome segmental in 3YL and a non-Robertsonial reciprocal translocation between 4Y and 3P were identified in two independent populations. Moreover, the proportion of heterozygous karyotypes reached almost 35% in all materials, and almost 80% in the specific population. These results provide new insights into the genome organization of K.hirsuta and will facilitate genome dissection and germplasm utilization of this species.
The Antioxidant Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Cardiac Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls cellular defense responses against toxic and oxidative stress by modulating the expression of genes involved in antioxidant response and drug detoxification. In addition to maintaining redox homeostasis, Nrf2 is also involved in various cellular processes including metabolism and inflammation. Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, which allows cells to quickly respond to pathological stress. In the present review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. We also focus on the impact of Nrf2 in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury, a condition that stimulates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we analyze the protective effect of several natural and synthetic compounds that induce Nrf2 activation and protect against ischemia–reperfusion injury in the heart and other organs, and their potential clinical application.
The Impact of Parkinson’s Disease on Postural Control in Older People and How Sex can Mediate These Results: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is most prevalent among elderly people, 65 years and over, and leads to an alteration in motor control associated with postural instability. Current evidence shows that postural control decreases with the aging process. In addition, postural control is more altered in healthy aged men than in women. Until today, few studies have evaluated the combined impact of Parkinson’s disease and sex on postural control. This review has allowed to evaluate the impact of Parkinson’s disease and sex on postural control measurements in elderly people. Methodology: Studies have been selected from two main databases: PubMed and EBSCO using the keywords “Parkinson”, “postural control OR balance” and “sex”. Articles related to the evaluation of postural control, including men and women with Parkinson’s aged over 65 years old, regardless of stage, were included (n = 179). Articles were excluded if not written in French or English or not presenting original content. Results: Ten (10) studies out of 179 that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were reported in the final analysis, which cumulates a total of 944 individuals with Parkinson’s (410 women). In general, results show greater postural instability among people with Parkinson’s compared to healthy subjects, and this according to different objective measurements using stabilographic parameters from force platforms. Only two studies out of ten evaluated postural control while briefly considering distinctions between sex, but without showing a significant difference between men and women with Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s severity, length of time of Parkinson’s disease and cognitive state of the person are the three variables with a negative impact on postural control. Conclusion: Older people with Parkinson’s disease have greater postural instability. Sex does not seem to influence the postural control of elderly people with Parkinson’s, although more studies are necessary.
NEE estimates 2006–2019 over Europe from a pre-operational ensemble-inversion system

Abstract. 3-hourly Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) is estimated at spatial scales of 0.25 degrees over the European continent, based on the pre-operational inverse modelling framework CarboScope Regional (CSR) for the years 2006 to 2019. To assess the uncertainty originating from the choice of a-priori flux models and observational data, ensembles of inversions were produced using three terrestrial ecosystem flux models, two ocean flux models, and three sets of atmospheric stations. We find that the station set ensemble accounts for 61 % of the total spread of the annually aggregated fluxes over the full domain when varying all these elements, while the biosphere and ocean ensembles resulted in much smaller contributions to the spread of 28 % and 11 %, respectively. These percentages differ over the specific regions of Europe, based on the availability of atmospheric data. For example, the spread of the biosphere ensemble is prone to be larger in regions that are less constrained by CO2 measurements. We further investigate the unprecedented increase of temperature and simultaneous reduction of Soil Water Content (SWC) observed in 2018 and 2019. We find that NEE estimates during these two years suggest an impact of drought occurrences represented by the reduction of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), which in turn lead to less CO2 uptake across Europe in 2018 and 2019, resulting in anomalies up to 0.13 and 0.07 PgC yr-1 above the climatological mean, respectively. Annual temperature anomalies also exceeded the climatological mean by 0.46 °C in 2018 and by 0.56 °C in 2019, while standardized-precipitation-evaporation-index (SPEI) anomalies declined to −0.20 and −0.05 SPEI units below the climatological mean in both 2018 and 2019, respectively. Therefore, the biogenic fluxes showed a weaker sink of CO2 in both 2018 and 2019 (−0.22±0.05 and −0.28±0.06 PgC yr-1, respectively) in comparison with the mean −0.36±0.07 PgC yr-1 calculated over the full analysed period (i.e., fourteen years). These translate into a continental-wide reduction of the annual sink by 39 % and 22 %, respectively, larger than the typical year-to-year standard deviation of 19 % observed over the full period.
DPEP1 Increases Drug Resistance in an ASCL2-Dependent Manner in Colon Cancer Cells and Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration

Background: Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) is associated with several human cancers. However, its function in colon cancer remains unclear.Methods: DPEP1 expression was analyzed by TCGA and GTEx pancancer data. Survival analysis was performed using the R survival package to assess the prognostic value of the DPEP1 expression level in colon cancer. DPEP1 enrichment analysis was conducted by the clusterProfiler R software package. Correlation analysis, differential expression analysis, and Venn analysis were used to obtain key genes. Correlation of DPEP1 or ASCL2 expression with immune cell infiltration in colon cancer was performed by TIMER and GSCA databases. qRT-PCR, Western blot, Co-immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter experiments, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the correlation between DPEP1 and ASCL2. MTT was used to evaluate the role of DPEP1 in colon cancer drug resistance.Results: DPEP1 was overexpressed in various cancers, including colon cancer. High DPEP1 expression was negatively correlated with the disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI) but not significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS). Enrichment analysis showed that DPEP1 may be related to the Wnt signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway. Further analysis showed that DPEP1 and ASCL2 had a strong positive correlation, and both correlated with immune cell infiltration. Moreover, DPEP1 enhanced drug resistance in an ASCL2- dependent manner.Conclusions: Our findings revealed that DPEP1 enhanced drug resistance in an ASCL2-dependent manner and correlated with immune infiltration in colon cancer.
Fabrication, performance and characterization of Si delta-doped FET grown by MBE

Si delta-doped FETs have been fabricated using low-energy Sb ion doping technique during Si MBE growth to realize delta-doping and a low temperature device processing budget. The FETs with a gate length of 2 /spl mu/m showed a gate breakdown voltage of 3.8-4.7 V and a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 28 mS/mm, corresponding to an intrinsic transconductance of 42 mS/mm. Those results are the best reported so far in Si /spl delta/-FETs of similar gate length. The gate charge-control and low-field drift-mobility in Si /spl delta/-FETs were measured using C-V and I-V techniques. Measured charge-control had a strong nonlinearity and was in good agreement with theoretical calculation. We observed, for the first time, that the drift-mobility in the delta-doped FET was decreased with the increasing gate voltage. <<ETX>>
Human Performance Evaluation of Digitizer Pucks for Computer Input of Spatial Information

Two experiments were performed to measure and find ways of improving the accuracy with which people can enter spatial coordinates into a computer with a digitizer puck. A digitizer puck is similar to a mouse; however, rather than serving to position a cursor on a display screen, the puck is used to enter the spatial coordinates of points in a hard-copy document such as a map, photograph, or image representation of text. The first experiment studied the effect of the type of optical sight provided on the puck. The second experiment examined the effect of using a 2.5-power magnifier. Varying the type of optical sight used did not affect accuracy, but use of the magnifier did significantly improve accuracy. The study also suggested some initial estimates of the accuracy levels obtainable by most people. Most of the subjects were accurate to within ± 0.125 mm to ± 0.250 mm of the true target position. Magnification drives the error value down to the lower ends of this range.
SOM BASED ASSURANCE ASSESSMENT FOR INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ORGANIZATION

Abstract: Information Security Management System (ISMS) has a lot of standards such as ISO/IEC 27001. In order to assess the quality assurance of ISMS, an organization should design and implement some mechanism. I propose a mechanism for quality assurance assessment using Kohonen’s Self Organizing Map (SOM). SOM is a means for automatically arranging high-dimensional statistical data so that alike inputs are in general mapped close to each other. The resulting map avails itself readily to visualization, and thus the distance relations between different data items can be illustrated in an intuitive manner. This proposal shows that the proposed framework is able to be conducted and implemented. Through this map, the organization will be able to assess how far the organization’s information security quality has gap with the standard. Not only ISMS ISO’s standard, but also another standard such as Indonesian National Board of Accreditation (BAN-PT). Keywords: SOM, Information Security Management System, Quality Assurance
Evaluation of Central and Peripheral Fatigue in Vastii Muscles Using Semg Fractal Dimension and Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity

BACKGROUND and AIM Over the past decade several new sEMG descriptors for central fatigue have been developed and tested in simulation studies or in healthy subjects. Mesin and colleagues (2009) proposed a novel vector composed of two indexes: ECV (estimated conduction velocity) as indicator of peripheral fatigue and FD (fractal dimension) as indicator of central fatigue. FD is a promising index, least affected by MFCV changes and mostly related to MU synchronization. FD was never tested during a fatiguing task in healthy subjects, nor in patients. The aim of the study is to analyze if the vector developed by Mesin can be used as a bi-dimensional marker for central and peripheral fatigue in healthy subjects. MATERIALS and METHODS Twenty nine healthy female students participated in the study after providing informed consent. None of the subjects had previous injuries of the lower limb and all participated regularly in different exercises and sports. Myoelectric signals were detected from the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis in single differential configuration using bi-dimensional arrays. FD and MFCV were measured by sEMG during a low level isometric contraction (20% MVC) for one minute, in order to allow an evaluation of peripheral fatigue of type I muscle fibers, followed by an endurance isometric contraction (60% MVC) until exhaustion, in order to evaluate peripheral fatigue of type II muscle fibers. RESULTS Data on FD and MFCV are presented in Table 1. The average time course of MFCV (top, blue) and FD (bottom, red), during the 20% MVC and the 60% MVC isometric contractions is depicted in Figure 1. DISCUSSION The statistically relevant decrease of FD during the 60% MVC endurance contraction is consistent with an increase of MU synchronization, one of the indicators of central fatigue. Whereas the decrease of MFCV during the same fatiguing contraction, as previously observed, is a clear sign of peripheral fatigue. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the bi-dimensional index (MFCV, FD) is an effective indicator to differentially assess central and peripheral components of neuromuscular fatigability, with potential application in both clinical and sport sciences. KEYWORDS Muscle fatigue, surface electromyography, conduction velocity, fractal dimension ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thim van der Laan Foundation for funding the study
Underwater Electromyographic Measurement Using a Waterproof Insulated Electrode

In this article, we propose a novel method for facilitating underwater electromyographic measurement, without using an adhesive waterproof film. This method employs a waterproofed insulated electrode and an amplifier with high-input impedance. The prototypes of the components were assembled and used for electromyographic measurement of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and long fibular muscles during plantar flexion both in and out of water. Eight subjects participated in the experiment. For each measurement site, the integrated underwater electromyography ( EMG ) was compared with that performed out of water, and the attenuation rate was then calculated. The results showed that ( 1 ) the mean attenuation rate of underwater EMG among the eight subjects was − 1.58 ％ , and ( 2 ) depending on the conditions, only two or three subjects showed significant attenuation at any of the three sites. In contrast, when non-waterproofed, disposable electrodes and a commercially available amplifier were used for electromyographic measurement, all eight subjects showed significant attenuation in underwater EMG at all three sites, with a mean attenuation rate of 80.5 ％ ．These results indicate that the proposed method is promising for underwater electromyographic measurement. In addition, it requires no waterproofing preparations, which might cause skin irritation and/or damage, thus allowing easier setup.
A Review of COVID-19 Modelling Strategies in Three Countries to Develop a Research Framework for Regional Areas

At the end of December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan city, China. Modelling plays a crucial role in developing a strategy to prevent a disease outbreak from spreading around the globe. Models have contributed to the perspicacity of epidemiological variations between and within nations and the planning of desired control strategies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to summarise knowledge about COVID-19 disease modelling in three countries—China, the UK and Australia—to develop a robust research framework for the regional areas that are urban and rural health districts of New South Wales, Australia. In different aspects of modelling, summarising disease and intervention strategies can help policymakers control the outbreak of COVID-19 and may motivate modelling disease-related research at a finer level of regional geospatial scales in the future.
DOE Nuclear Weapon Reliability Definition: History, Description, and Implementation

The overarching goal of the Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapon reliability assessment process is to provide a quantitative metric that reflects the ability of the weapons to perform their intended function successfully. This white paper is intended to provide insight into the current and long-standing DOE definition of nuclear weapon reliability, which can be summarized as: The probability of achieving the specified yield, at the target, across the Stockpile-To-Target Sequence of environments, throughout the weapon's lifetime, assuming proper inputs.
Influence of the modeling parameters on the simulation accuracy of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

This work deals with the influence of selected modeling parameters for the simulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) used in small generation systems. It is quantitatively shown how the correct selection of every group of parameters in the mathematical model can be essential for the best simulation results. The main motivation for this work is that physical simulation of fuel cells (FC) can work as a powerful tool in the development, in the widespread testing and also in the cost reduction and improvement of such alternative sources of energy. In FC simulations, both static and dynamic results are strongly affected by the incorrect choice of the modeling parameter values, especially because of the highly nonlinear behavior of the FC. The main contribution of this paper is related to the quantitative analysis of how the parameter uncertainties may affect the response and accuracy of the FC simulation results and also it contributes to the definition of what parameters more strongly affect these results. Simulation results are compared with real data of a BCS 500 W PEM stack.
Strategies for Controlling Microgrid Networks with Energy Storage Systems: A Review

Distributed Energy Storage Systems are considered key enablers in the transition from the traditional centralized power system to a smarter, autonomous, and decentralized system operating mostly on renewable energy. The control of distributed energy storage involves the coordinated management of many smaller energy storages, typically embedded within microgrids. As such, there has been much recent interest related to controlling aspects of supporting power-sharing balance and sustainability, increasing system resilience and reliability, and balancing distributed state of charge. This paper presents a comprehensive review of decentralized, centralized, multiagent, and intelligent control strategies that have been proposed to control and manage distributed energy storage. It also highlights the potential range of services that can be provided by these storages, their control complications, and proposed solutions. Specific focus on control strategies based upon multiagent communication and reinforcement learning is a main objective of this paper, reflecting recent advancements in digitalization and AI. The paper concludes with a summary of emerging areas and presents a summary of promising future directions.
Organic waste management: a review of practices from selected Asian countries

Organic solid waste has become a global crisis, especially in the developing countries of Asia. Countries of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC); Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka face severe waste management problems similar other developing countries in South Asia. If not managed effectively, organic waste leads to disastrous human and environmental health issues. Hence, this study is carried out with objectives of understanding the existing organic waste management methods in the SAARC region and to identify potential improvements for managing organic waste. According to the available literature, recycling, incineration, refuse-derived fuel, anaerobic digestion and landfilling are practiced throughout the region. Furthermore, researchers