Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Parking Method for Truck and Trailer in Presence of Fixed and Moving Obstacles

A Fuzzy approach to backward movement control for truck and trailer in a dynamic environment is presented in this paper. The approach is then extended and employed for conditions where obstacles are placed on the truck and trailer pathway. In the first case, obstacles are assumed to be fixed, while the second condition includes moving obstacles through which the truck and trailer should be directed toward the parking dock. The method is designed in a way to be used in conditions with infinite number of obstacles at arbitrary places. In any case, to find the parking dock, the truck and trailer movement must be adapted to that of obstacles. In the present paper, two separate fuzzy controllers are used for directing the truck and trailer: one for finding the target, and the other for avoiding the obstacles. While there is no obstacle around, the target finder controller is in use; and in the cases where the truck and trailer gets close to obstacles the obstacle avoider controller is activated. The proposed method is employed for parking a truck and trailer model through fixed and moving obstacles.
Gap-com: general model selection criterion for sparse undirected gene networks with nontrivial community structure

Abstract We introduce a new model selection criterion for sparse complex gene network modeling where gene co-expression relationships are estimated from data. This is a novel formulation of the gap statistic and it can be used for the optimal choice of a regularization parameter in graphical models. Our criterion favors gene network structure which differs from a trivial gene interaction structure obtained totally at random. We call the criterion the gap-com statistic (gap community statistic). The idea of the gap-com statistic is to examine the difference between the observed and the expected counts of communities (clusters) where the expected counts are evaluated using either data permutations or reference graph (the Erdős-Rényi graph) resampling. The latter represents a trivial gene network structure determined by chance. We put emphasis on complex network inference because the structure of gene networks is usually nontrivial. For example, some of the genes can be clustered together or some genes can be hub genes. We evaluate the performance of the gap-com statistic in graphical model selection and compare its performance to some existing methods using simulated and real biological data examples.
A comprehensive review of lot streaming

Lot streaming combined lot splitting with operations overlapping is one of the effective techniques used to implement the time-based strategy in today's era of global competition. Therefore, this technique has been studied extensively over the past few decades. In this paper, we first propose a uniquely categorized structure to characterize the existing lot streaming problems in terms of three main dimensions, seven subdimensions, and 17 levels. Then, a notation set is defined to systematically express each existing lot streaming problem by seven ordered elements corresponding to the seven subdimensions. Based on the classification structure and the defined notation set, a comprehensive survey is presented to make up for the lack of a literature review on this subject. The objective is to help the reader gain a clear understanding of the evolution of previous research on lot streaming. This paper concludes with some constructive suggestions for future research directions.
Different Ambidextrous Learning Architectures and the Role of HRM Systems

During the past decade ambidexterity has emerged as the central research stream in organization science to investigate how organizations manage to remain successful over time. By using the lens of organizational learning, ambidexterity can be defined as the simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation. However, the link between ambidexterity and the human resource management of a firm is still a blind spot on the ambidexterity research map. To shed light on this issue, we show how different ambidextrous learning architectures can be created and maintained by the means of consistent HRM systems. By doing so, we show how HRM systems as specific bundles of HRM practices facilitate ambidextrous learning. Thereby we emphasize the challenge of creating and sustaining the horizontal and vertical fit of an HRM system with regard to different ambidextrous designs.
Analysis of the demodulation techniques for OFDM signals under correlated Rayleigh fading

The complex channel fading process cannot be assumed constant over one OFDM symbol duration when the symbol interval is long enough. In other words, the faded samples within one OFDM symbol are not highly correlated. We propose a novel OFDM demodulation technique by multiplying the received signal with the conjugate of the channel gain at each time instant before performing FFT. The probability density function (PDF) of the multiplicative distortion is expressed as the inverse Laplace transform of its moment generating function (MGF). This allows us to calculate the bit error rate (BER) analytically. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed demodulation method gives better performance than the conventional demodulation method when the product of Doppler spread and sample duration (f/sub d/T/sub s/) is small.
Lane Assist Systems for Bus Rapid Transit, Volume II: Needs and Requirements

This report describes the transit service needs that can be met by using lane assistance systems and the requirements that these systems must meet in order to be useful and safe. The guidance system functions include automatic steering (or lane assist), and automatic precision docking of buses at stations. The work is based on review of the existing literature and research on the subject of lane assistance, combined with case studies of several transit properties that could potentially benefit from use of lane assist systems. The report also presents analyses of needs, benefits/costs and deployment issues. In addition, the report addresses the development of requirements and specifications, measures of effectiveness, and safety analysis methods.
Prognostic Significance of Clinicopathological Factors Influencing Overall Survival and Event-Free Survival of Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the most frequent type of cancer among women and its poor prognosis is a main concern, while the prognostic factors for CC have still remained controversial. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the prognostic significance of clinicopathological factors, influencing overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) of CC patients. Material/Methods The electronic databases of PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched for identification of eligible studies published until June 2021. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses and assessment of publication bias were also conducted. Results We selected 140 studies that involved 47 965 patients for the meta-analysis. The results revealed that age, cell type, depth of tumor invasion, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, hemoglobin level, histological grade, leukocytosis, lymph node involvement, lymph-vascular space invasion, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, parametrial invasion, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, resection margin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen level, thrombocytosis, tumor grade, tumor size, and tumor volume were clinicopathological factors influencing OS and EFS of CC patients (P<0.05). Conclusions This study comprehensively identified the prognostic significance of clinicopathological factors, influencing OS, and EFS of CC patients. However, further large-scale prospective studies should be conducted to verify our findings and develop more accurate prognostic models for CC.
On the retention time distribution of dynamic random access memory (DRAM)

The retention time distribution of high-density dynamic random access memory (DRAM) has been investigated. The key issue for controlling the retention time distribution has been clarified and its model has been proposed for the first time. Trench capacitor cell with 0.6-/spl mu/m ground rule was evaluated. It was found that the retention time distribution consists of "tail distribution" and "main distribution. " "tail distribution," by which DRAM refresh characteristics are restricted, depends on the boron concentration of the memory cell region. As boron concentration of the memory cell region increases, "tail distribution" is enhanced. This enhancement is due to the increase of the junction leakage current from the storage node. For the purpose of accounting for the nature of "Tail Distribution," the concept of thermionic field emission (TFE) current has been introduced. The high electric field at pn junction of the storage node enhances thermionic field emission from a deep level. The activation energy of the deep level is normally distributed among the memory cells, which leads to the normal distribution of log(retention time). Two methods for reducing "tail distribution" are proposed. One is to reduce the electric field of the depletion layer of the storage node. The other is to reduce the concentration of the deep level for TFE current.
Development of Electric Formula SAE Real-time Telemetry Software

The increased popularity of Formula SAE event all over the world has brought an intensive need for an open standard race car telemetry system. The Renewable Energy Vehicle team (REV) at the University of Western Australia is keen on developing such a system for electric Formula SAE cars. The software part of the telemetry system (named Crystal Ball) has been developed to receive, interpret and visualize real-time data collected from the Formula SAE car. It is designed to provide race engineers an insight into all aspects of the race car. It is expected that Crystal Ball would be released as open source software, to enable collaboration among different teams for further development, and finally to substitute its commercial counterparts. This dissertation documents the development process of Crystal Ball. It begins by defining the role of the project in the telemetry system, an analysis of existing solutions, followed by an evaluation of essential features and limitations of these solutions. The scope of the project and the requirement is then specified based on iterative requirement engineering, existing system evaluation and resource constraints. The dissertation presents the design and implementation of Crystal Ball, including other design and implementation options. The rationale of the selections is discussed. The software is validated by data simulation, user experience survey and expert evaluation.
In the Spotlight Unidentified Hazard: Organizational Culture as a Prerequisite to System Safety

System safety is vulnerable to failure unless the culture of the organization encourages the undistorted reporting and upward flow of disconfirming safety information. This paper cites examples of catastrophic losses within the aerospace industry which occurred in spite of the detailed application of systems safety processes. These failures can be attributed to biases and distortions in the identification and analysis of hazards and their associated risks. The analysis demonstrates that the application of systems safety principles must extend not only to the technical aspects of the system being designed and/or operated, but also to the identification and mitigation of hazards within the culture of the organization. Recommendations are provided.
Optimisation and implementation for a non-focal Rotman lens design

Rotman lens is widely used to feed a phased array antenna to implement a beam forming network. In designing Rotman lens, one of the most important challenges is the phase error. In recent years, Rotman lens has been designed by using a non-focal idea whereas the position of ports are only optimised to reduce the phase error. Because of the unsuitable location of the ports, which causes mismatching and coupling, the previous non-focal method cannot be constructed easily. To implement the lens, a new scheme, converting three-focal Rotman lens to non-focal, is presented. By using a simple procedure, the phase error is properly reduced. To evaluate the proposed method, the non-focal Rotman lens has been implemented at 10 GHz. The simulation and measurement results illustrate that the method is implementable. Furthermore, the average improvement of the maximum phase error in the proposed lens, with five beam ports and five array ports with overall lens size of 15 × 15 cm2, is 36% better than the previous reported work.
Peptide-Mucin Binding and Biosimilar Mucus-Permeating Properties

This study aimed to understand the role of the mucus layer (a biological hydrogel) in the transport mechanisms of peptides. Using established in vitro models, the mucin-binding activity and mucus-permeating property of peptides were determined. Uncharged peptides with relatively high hydrophilicity, including MANT, TNGQ, and PASL, as well as cationic peptides, including KIPAVF and KMPV, possessed strong mucin-binding activity. Contrarily, uncharged peptides with high hydrophobicity index, including YMSV and QIGLF, exhibited weak mucin-binding activity. Only TNGQ, which has high Boman index and hydrophilicity, showed a high biosimilar mucus-permeating property with a permeability of 96 ± 30% after 60 min. TNGQ showed the potential for high bioavailability due to the high mucin-binding and biosimilar mucus-permeating activities.
Large SOA insulated gate controlled thyristor (IGCT) with p-base clamp

This paper presents the new concept of a p-base clamp, which remarkably improves the safe operating area (SOA) without sacrificing the low on-state voltage drop, for a MOS thyristor connecting a MOSFET and a thyristor in series. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept by using the experimental results from a 4 kV insulated gate controlled thyristor (IGCT) with a p-base clamp implemented by a Zener diode. The results show a very low on-state voltage drop of 3.75 V and a large SOA.
How Lineage Tracing Studies Can Unveil Tumor Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer

Lineage tracing studies have become a well-suited approach to reveal cellular hierarchies and tumor heterogeneity. Cellular heterogeneity, particularly in breast cancer, is still one of the main concerns regarding tumor progression and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge about lineage tracing analyses that have contributed to an improved comprehension of the complexity of mammary tumors, highlighting how targeting different mammary epithelial cells and tracing their progeny can be useful to explore the intra- and inter-heterogeneity observed in breast cancer. In addition, we examine the strategies used to identify the cell of origin in different breast cancer subtypes and summarize how cellular plasticity plays an important role during tumorigenesis. Finally, we evaluate the clinical implications of lineage tracing studies and the challenges remaining to address tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer.
Accurate equivalent circuits for unloaded piezoelectric resonators

Equivalent circuit models for unloaded piezoelectric vibrators are presented. The new circuit model includes terms which take into account the dielectric and piezoelectric loss as well as the mechanical loss found in the standard Van Dyke's model. The new model contains two branches, the motional branch and the static branch, like the Van Dyke's model. However there is no resistance element in the motional branch and the losses (mechanical, dielectric, piezoelectric) associated with the vibrator are represented as imaginary components of the remaining circuit elements (C/sub 0/, C/sub 1/, L/sub 1/). The model produced impedance curves that very closely matched the impedance calculated by using the equation derived from vibration theory and data from lead zirconate titanate and PVDF copolymer samples. The calculation of the circuit parameters C/sub 0/, C/sub 1/, and L/sub 1/ from the complex elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric material constants is straightforward and the model accurately represents the impedance spectra about the fundamental resonance even when the mechanical Q of the resonator is as low as 2. Conversely, If the circuit parameters are known, the material constants including losses can be derived by straightforward calculations without the loss of any information.
Nonlinear Aeroelastic Modeling by Block-Oriented Identification

The investigation of utter and aeroservoelastic stability through igh t testing is an essential part of aircraft certication. The stability boundary prediction is especially difcult when the instability is associated with nonlinearity in the dynamics. This paper presents an approach for the characterization of the nonlinear dynamics by non-iterative identication algorithms. Two dieren t block-oriented nonlinear models are considered in this work. Specically , we focused on the identication of Hammerstein and nonlinear feedback models from a N-point data record fuk; ykgN=1 of observed input-output measurements from an aeroelastic system. In the nonlinear feedback case, we propose a method to generate the orthonormal bases that is based on the cascade of input-normal balanced state-space realizations of all-pass lters. We present an application of this nonlinear aeroelastic modeling setup to a structurally nonlinear prototypical two-dimensional wing section.
Dynamic measuring of frequency and frequency oscillations in multiphase power systems

Instantaneous system frequency is defined, and a method of frequency measurement is proposed which determines the angular velocity of the rotating voltage space phasor. Impulses in frequency caused by steps in phase are blanked out, whereas harmonics and noise are suppressed by FIR filters. Using an optimized observer-based filter, frequency modulations are split into and frequency drift and frequency oscillation signals, which can be used in power control and power system stabilization. >
On the mechanics of the golf swing

A perspective of the golf swing is defined, and current knowledge of swing mechanics is reviewed. The implications of previous research are collected. A conventional arm–club simulation model is set up and used to show that an apparently important result from the literature is incorrect. The swing model is fitted, through a parametric optimization process, to data relating to expert golfers. The kinematic deficiencies of the arm–club model are pointed out and a shoulder–arm–club simulation model with shaft flexibility is developed. Parameters of the shoulder–arm–club model for best matching the expert-golfer data are found by optimization. The torques generated by the golfers are deduced. The shoulder–arm–club model is then applied for finding whether or not improvements to the observed torque histories are possible, with a positive result. A pattern for the optimal use of available driving torques is established. Scaling of the problem to help the understanding of the relationship between large and small players is studied through dimensional analysis. Several contributory conclusions are drawn.
A DC to Multigigabit/s Polarization-Independent

A broadband, electrically controlled polarization- independent intensity modulator (PIM) based on a Sagnac inter- ferometer is presented. Influences from asymmetric modulation and traveling wave effects are analyzed and methods to elim- inate these effects are proposed. Compared to Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based modulators, this modulator is independent of the input polarization state and less sensitive to ambient per- turbations due to its reciprocity property. A prototype modulator operating at 1 and 2.488 Gb/s modulation rates is demonstrated.
Inertially stabilized line-of-sight control system using a magnetic bearing with vernier gimbaling capacity

Line of sight stabilization and control system is widely used in pointing and stabilizing the line of sight of optical sensors. Multi-axis gimbals configurations are commonly used for isolating disturbance from the angular motion of the base where the stabilization platform is mounted. However, in the case of large payload, nonlinear friction and the bandwidth limit of the servo loop can greatly diminish the performance of the whole system. Magnetic actuators, because of their high force per mass capability and non-friction characteristic, are promising means of achieving high-accuracy stabilization. Nevertheless, the gap between magnetic actuators and the payload is very small, which limits the slewing range of the line of sight as well as the angular motion range of the base that can be isolated. A novel two-stage stabilization configuration is developed, which combines multi-axis gimbals configuration and magnetic actuators as well as both of their advantages. At the first stage, a multi-axis gimbals configuration is adopted to isolate the large angular motion of the base while at the second stage magnetic actuators are utilized to perform high-accuracy stabilization. A so-called "stabilizing inside and tracking outside" scheme is carried out to perform two-stage stabilization control. The advantage of this configuration compared with conventional configuration is analyzed through analytical method. Finally, the effectiveness of the design is investigated through simulation studies.
Question-Driven Explanatory Reasoning About Devices that Malfunction

Questions are at the heart of virtually any task an adult performs when using technological artifacts. It could be argued that any given task T can be decomposed into a set of questions that a sailor asks and answers. When a sailor encounters a device that malfunctions, the relevant questions are "What's wrong? " and "How can it be fixed? " . When an officer reads a technical document, the relevant questions are "Why is this important? " and "What should I do about it, if anything? ". When a young adult reads Navy recruiting material, the relevant questions are "What's interesting? ", "Do I want to join? ", and "What are the perks? ". The cognitive mechanisms that trigger question asking, exploration patterns, and question answering strategies need to be understood in order to design the messages and technological artifacts effectively. In turn, these inquiry strategies map onto cognitive components that are familiar to cognitive scientists, such as search, pattern recognition, comparison, case-based analogical reasoning, knowledge construction, and structure mapping. In projects funded by the Office of Naval Research, we have developed a cognitive computational model of question asking (called PREG) and question answering (called QUEST). Our current ONR grant is investigating relationships among a person's understanding of everyday devices (e.g., dishwasher, cylinder lock), the asking and answering of questions, and general psychometric tests of cognitive abilities. After reading about a device, the participants subsequently receive scenarios in which the device breaks down and they generate questions about the malfunction, eye tracking data are also collected at that time. Adults with high mechanical ability ask good questions that converge on faults. The quality of questions in the center of a breakdown scenario is the fastest way to find out whether an adult has a deep understanding of a device.