Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doping dependence of charge-transfer excitations in La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4

We report a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of the doping dependence of charge-transfer excitations in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. The momentum dependence of these charge excitations are studied over the whole Brillouin zone in underdoped $(x=0.05)$ and optimally doped $(x=0.17)$ samples, and compared with that of the undoped $(x=0)$ sample. We observe a large change in the RIXS spectra between the $x=0$ and $x=0.17$ samples, while the RIXS spectra of the $x=0.05$ sample are similar to that of the $x=0$ sample. The most prominent effect of doped holes on the charge excitation spectra is the appearance of a continuum of intensity, which exhibits strong momentum dependence below $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. For the $x=0.17$ sample, some of the spectral weight from the lowest-lying charge-transfer excitation of the undoped compound is transferred to the continuum intensity below the gap, in agreement with earlier optical studies. However, the higher-energy charge-transfer excitation carries significant spectral weight even for the $x=0.17$ sample. The doping dependence of the dispersion of this charge-transfer excitation is also discussed and compared with recent theoretical calculations.
A 3D Cross-Modality Feature Interaction Network With Volumetric Feature Alignment for Brain Tumor and Tissue Segmentation

Accurate volumetric segmentation of brain tumors and tissues is beneficial for quantitative brain analysis and brain disease identification in multi-modal Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Nevertheless, due to the complex relationship between modalities, 3D Fully Convolutional Networks (3D FCNs) using simple multi-modal fusion strategies hardly learn the complex and nonlinear complementary information between modalities. Meanwhile, the indiscriminative feature aggregation between low-level and high-level features easily causes volumetric feature misalignment in 3D FCNs. On the other hand, the 3D convolution operations of 3D FCNs are excellent at modeling local relations but typically inefficient at capturing global relations between distant regions in volumetric images. To tackle these issues, we propose an Aligned Cross-Modality Interaction Network (ACMINet) for segmenting the regions of brain tumors and tissues from MR images. In this network, the cross-modality feature interaction module is first designed to adaptively and efficiently fuse and refine multi-modal features. Secondly, the volumetric feature alignment module is developed for dynamically aligning low-level and high-level features by the learnable volumetric feature deformation field. Thirdly, we propose the volumetric dual interaction graph reasoning module for graph-based global context modeling in spatial and channel dimensions. Our proposed method is applied to brain glioma, vestibular schwannoma, and brain tissue segmentation tasks, and we performed extensive experiments on BraTS2018, BraTS2020, Vestibular Schwannoma, and iSeg-2017 datasets. Experimental results show that ACMINet achieves state-of-the-art segmentation performance on all four benchmark datasets and obtains the highest DSC score of hard-segmented enhanced tumor region on the validation leaderboard of the BraTS2020 challenge.
Wettability-based ultrasensitive detection of amphiphiles through directed concentration at disordered regions in self-assembled monolayers

Significance Wettability-based molecular detection is emerging to enable portable and fast chemical detection within droplets. However, current detection methods can only respond to changes in a droplet’s bulk wetting properties, leading to poor detection limits. We report a design principle that overcomes this fundamental limitation by locally concentrating analytes within a droplet’s contact line to modulate the local surface roughness, which further affects droplet mobility. This mechanism enables the detection of molecules even at minute concentrations where droplets’ bulk wetting properties are unchanged. This design can be implemented to functional surface devices that can readily sort microliter aqueous droplets into discrete groups with different amphiphile concentrations and molecular sizes, which have potential for early disease diagnostics and environmental water quality monitoring.
KCNMA1-related refractory status epilepticus responding to vagal nerve stimulation: Case report and literature review

Epilepsy, one of the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases, can cause severe morbidity as well as mortality. A mutation of the KCNMA1 gene results in a rare genetic disease that causes epilepsy as its core presentation. Both neurological and non-neurological manifestations have been reported in patients with KCNMA1 gene mutation. We are reporting a KCNMA1 gene variant referred to as c.2369C>T (p. Pro790Leu), which encodes the subunit of alpha of calcium-sensitive potassium channels, which causes epilepsy but not dyskinesia in a young Saudi female who is the daughter of consanguineous parents. Our case shows that calcium-sensitive potassium channels can cause an isolated generalized epilepsy as reported previously in a single case. Moreover, this case aids in delineating the clinical and structural picture and the treatment of the KCNMA1 gene mutation in patients.
Association between Berlin questionnaire index and blood pressure, organ damage and metabolic profilein a general population

We evaluated the relationships between Berlin questionnaire (BQ) scores, hypertension and other metabolic variables in 598 subjects (age: 65.8 ± 10 years, mean ± SD) enrolled in the PAMELA (Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni) study representative of the general population, treated or untreated with antihypertensive drugs. Two hundred and eleven subjects (35%) had a positive BQ with two or more positive categories of the inquiry. Compared to those without sleep disorders these subjects showed a greater male prevalence (55.9%), worse serum cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose profile, greater body mass index (BMI) (28.9 ± 4.9 vs. 24.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2), higher office (and to a lesser extent 24‐h) BP and HR values, higher serum creatinine values and greater rate of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (25% vs. 13%). These differences were not detected when the data analysis was restricted to treated hypertensive patients. Thus, BQ scores allow to identify among subjects belonging to a general population those with elevated BP, organ damage and altered metabolic. When antihypertensive drug treatment is present, however, the approach fails to detect differences between groups with low or high BQ index.
Disruption of proteostasis causes IRE1 mediated reprogramming of alveolar epithelial cells

Significance Disruption of lung epithelial cell proteostasis causes activation of multiple unfolded protein response pathways, including inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) signaling. Hypothesized to be a proximal event in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, the mechanism by which proteostasis disruption causes disease is largely unknown. Utilizing a preclinical disease model of mice expressing a pulmonary fibrosis–associated mutation in the alveolar epithelial restricted surfactant protein C gene, we provide a mechanistic connection between disrupted epithelial proteostasis, the IRE1α signaling pathway, its major product XBP-1, and a cell-autonomous transcriptional reprogramming of distal lung epithelium identified in human pulmonary fibrosis. Our data support a therapeutic paradigm focused on lung epithelial cell proteostasis as an upstream target for intervention in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis.
Improving the quality of bowel preparation by smartphone education platform prior to colonoscopy: a randomized trail

Abstract Objective Adequate bowel preparation is an essential factor in colonoscopy. Enhanced education on the procedure of bowel preparation is very necessary for patients before colonoscopy. We analysed the influence of a novel education platform on bowel preparation quality before colonoscopy. Patients and Methods The study enrolled outpatients who underwent colonoscopy in the digestive endoscopy centre of Wuhan Tongji Hospital. They were divided into the control group and the intervention group according to different educational ways. The control group patients were provided with the regular colonoscopy preparation leaflet. The intervention group patients were asked to add the education platform. The primary outcome was the rate of adequate bowel preparation. The study was registered at Chinese ClinicalTrials.gov (ChiCTR2100053547, 24/11/2021). Results A total of 378 patients who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled, including 189 patients in the control group and 189 patients in the intervention group. The Boston bowel preparation score (BBPS) was significantly higher in the intervention group than that in the control group (p < .05). The adequate rate of bowel preparation in the intervention group was significantly improved than that in the control group (p = .000). Compared with the control group, the polyp detection rate (PDR) was significantly higher in the intervention group (p = .006), especially in the left colonic (p = .006). Among constipation patients, the adequate rate of bowel preparation (p = .000) and the PDR (p = .004) were significantly improved than that in the control group. Conclusions The smartphone education platform may effectively improve bowel preparation quality, PDR, and patients’ compliance. Key messages The quality of bowel preparation mainly relies on the patients’ compliance with the bowel preparation instructions. The study reveals that the superiority of the smartphone education platform by Mini Program in improving bowel preparation and colorectal polyp detection rate. The smartphone education platform may provide a more effective, convenient, and labour-saving way to provide further improvements to patients prior to colonoscopy.
Biodegradable Redox-Responsive AIEgen-Based-Covalent Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Long-Term Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Timely restoration of blood supply after myocardial ischemia is imperative for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction but causes additional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, which has not been hitherto effectively targeted by interventions for MI/R injury. Hence, the development of advanced nanomedicine that can reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes while protecting against MI/R in vivo is of utmost importance. Herein, a redox-responsive and emissive TPE-ss covalent organic framework (COF) nanocarrier by integrating aggregation-induced emission luminogens and redox-responsive disulfide motifs into the COF skeleton is developed. TPE-ss COF allows for efficient loading and delivery of matrine, a renowned anti-cryptosporidial drug, which significantly reduces MI/R-induced functional deterioration and cardiomyocyte injury when injected through the tail vein into MI/R models at 5 min after 30 min of ischemia. Moreover, TPE-ss COF@Matrine shows a drastic reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improvements in cardiac function and survival rate. The effect of the TPE-ss COF carrier is further elucidated by enhanced cardiomyocyte viability and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining in vitro. This work demonstrates the cardioprotective effect of TPE-ss COFs for MI/R injury, which unleashes the immense potential of using COFs as smart drug carriers for the peri-reperfusion treatment of ischemic heart disease with low cost, high stability, and single postoperative intervention.
A five-year follow-up of the verbal memory performance of individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: evidence of unchanging deficits under treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are chronic and heterogeneous mental disorders that present cognitive and functional impairments. Verbal memory is considered an important predictor of functioning and a domain vulnerable to the aging process. However, only few studies investigate the progression of memory longitudinally in BD and SZ, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the course of verbal memory in individuals with BD and SZ. Methods: We assessed 31 individuals with BD and 27 individuals with SZ under treatment at outpatient clinics at baseline and after five years. They were assessed through a sociodemographic questionnaire, memory and estimated IQ (eIQ) instruments, and clinical scales. Results: Individuals with SZ showed worse verbal memory performance in comparison to BD, however, we did not observe changes over time within patient groups. Individuals with BD with higher eIQ showed a better verbal memory performance, while no effect of eIQ was found for subjects with SZ. Conclusion: Patients with SZ and BD showed different levels of verbal memory impairment, although they had similar unchanging trajectories after 5 years under psychiatric treatment. This finding indicates a relative stable cognitive course for both disorders.
Pseudo Decoder Guided Light-Weight Architecture for Image Inpainting

Image inpainting is one of the most important and widely used approaches where input image is synthesized at the missing regions. This has various applications like undesired object removal, virtual garment shopping, etc. The methods used for image inpainting may use the knowledge of hole locations to effectively regenerate contents in an image. Existing image inpainting methods give astonishing results with coarse-to-fine architectures or with use of guided information like edges, structures, etc. The coarse-to-fine architectures require umpteen resources leading to high computation cost of the architecture. Other methods with edge or structural information depend on the available models to generate guiding information for inpainting. In this context, we have proposed computationally efficient, light-weight network for image inpainting with very less number of parameters (0.97M) and without any guided information. The proposed architecture consists of the multi-encoder level feature fusion module, pseudo decoder and regeneration decoder. The encoder multi level feature fusion module extracts relevant information from each of the encoder levels to merge structural and textural information from various receptive fields. This information is then processed with pseudo decoder followed by space depth correlation module to assist regeneration decoder for inpainting task. The experiments are performed with different types of masks and compared with the state-of-the-art methods on three benchmark datasets i.e., Paris Street View (PARIS_SV), Places2 and CelebA_HQ. Along with this, the proposed network is tested on high resolution images ( $1024\times1024$ and 2048 $\times2048$ ) and compared with the existing methods. The extensive comparison with state-of-the-art methods, computational complexity analysis, and ablation study prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework for image inpainting.
Alternating regimes of shallow and deep-sea diversification explain a species-richness paradox in marine fishes

Significance Most fish species live in shallow waters despite >90% of habitable ocean occurring in the deep sea. We show that present-day diversity patterns are the outcome of alternating phases over 200 million y that differentially favored shallow water or deep-sea fishes. The remarkable richness of shallow fishes is explained by rapid speciation during a time of extreme warm temperatures and continental flooding. Deep-sea colonization and speciation peaked twice throughout Earth’s history during colder periods, suggesting “windows of opportunity” for deep-sea fishes. Lineages with traits beneficial for food-limited environments (large jaws) and efficient swimming (tapered tails) were more likely to colonize the deep sea, indicating these are preadaptations to deep-sea life. Marine biodiversity today retains signatures of ancient evolutionary events.
Protection Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Different Regions of Specific SzM Protein from Swine-Isolated Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus Strains

The swine-isolated SEZ, with its specific szm gene sequence, has impacted the pig feeding industry in China and North America and has led to serious economic loss. Though the SzM protein of SEZ has been proven to be an effective vaccine in preventing infection, most previous studies focused on horse-isolated strains, which have different szm gene types compared to swine-isolated strains. ABSTRACT Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) has a wide host spectrum, including humans and domestic animals. The SEZ-caused swine streptococcicosis outbreak has occurred in several countries, and the swine-isolated strains usually have specific S. zooepidemicus M-like (szm) gene types. In this study, we found that the production of this specific szm gene (SzM protein) was an effective vaccine candidate. It could provide better protection with a 7-day interval immune procedure than the traditional vaccine strain ST171 and attenuate the strain ΔsezV against swine-isolated hypervirulent SEZ infections. According to this outcome, we developed monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) targeting the variable and conserved regions of this SzM protein, respectively. These McAbs all belong to the IgG1 isotype with a κ type light chain and have opsonophagocytic activity rather than agglutination or complement activation functions. We estimated the protection efficiency of the McAbs with 3 different passive immunotherapy programs. The anti-conserved region McAb can provide effective protection against swine-isolated SEZ infections with only the inconvenient immunotherapy program. It also partially works in preventing infection by other SEZ strains. In contrast, the anti-variable region McAb is only adapted to protect the host against a specific szm type SEZ strain isolated from pigs, but it is flexible for different immunotherapy programs. These data provide further information to guide the development of derived, genetically engineered McAbs that have potential applications in protecting hosts against swine-isolated, hypervirulent SEZ infections in the future. IMPORTANCE The swine-isolated SEZ, with its specific szm gene sequence, has impacted the pig feeding industry in China and North America and has led to serious economic loss. Though the SzM protein of SEZ has been proven to be an effective vaccine in preventing infection, most previous studies focused on horse-isolated strains, which have different szm gene types compared to swine-isolated strains. In this study, we developed the McAbs targeting the conserved and variable regions of this SzM protein from the swine-isolated hypervirulent strains and evaluated their protection efficiency. Our research provided information for the development of chimeric McAbs or other genetically engineered McAbs that have potential applications in protecting pigs against hypervirulent SEZ infections in the future.
Subacute Posttraumatic Ascending Myelopathy

Study Design: Case report and literature review. Objection: Aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence base behind subacute posttraumatic ascending myelopathy (SPAM) including the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and etiology. Summary of Background Data: SPAM is a rare, potentially fatal disorder which is not attributable to ongoing mechanical instability, syrinx formation, or iatrogenic causes. Methods: A systematic literature search on SPAM was performed on Medline, Ovid, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases between 1969 and 2021. Cases were reviewed and the findings summarized. Further evidence was reviewed to support the hypothesis that disruption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is the underlying etiology of the condition. Results: It is estimated to occur in 0.4%–0.7% of spinal cord injuries and may have a mortality of up to 10%. The most likely etiology disruption of CSF circulation leading to further damage to the spinal cord presumably through pressure mediated effects such as a reduction in cellular perfusion. Conclusion: There is effectively no treatment of this condition, however, with interest developing in monitoring of CSF pressures during spinal cord injury this may help confirm the etiology, and allow the suggestion of therapies such as drains or expansion duraplasty to reduce spinal cord pressures. Level of Evidence: Level II—case report and systematic review.
GoTreeScape: Navigate and Explore the Tree Visualization Design Space

Declarative grammar is becoming an increasingly important technique for understanding visualization design spaces. The GoTreeScape system presented in the paper allows users to navigate and explore the vast design space implied by GoTree, a declarative grammar for visualizing tree structures. To provide an overview of the design space, GoTreeScape, which is based on an encoder-decoder architecture, projects the tree visualizations onto a 2D landscape. Significantly, this landscape takes the relationships between different design features into account. GoTreeScape also includes an exploratory framework that allows top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid modes of exploration to support the inherently undirected nature of exploratory searches. Two case studies demonstrate the diversity with which GoTreeScape expands the universe of designed tree visualizations for users. The source code associated with GoTreeScape is available at https://github.com/bitvis2021/gotreescape.
Report Card Time: How Has the Biden Administration Addressed the U.S. Hispanic Community’s Social Determinants of Health?

Report Card Time: How Has the Biden Administration Addressed the U.S. Hispanic Community’s Social Determinants of Health? Cesar Montelongo Hernandez, Sullibet Ramirez Alvarado, Joanne Suarez & Mark Kuczewski To cite this article: Cesar Montelongo Hernandez, Sullibet Ramirez Alvarado, Joanne Suarez & Mark Kuczewski (2022): Report Card Time: How Has the Biden Administration Addressed the U.S. Hispanic Community’s Social Determinants of Health? , The American Journal of Bioethics, DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2022. 2135880 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2022. 2135880
Paradoxical self-sustained dynamics emerge from orchestrated excitatory and inhibitory homeostatic plasticity rules

Significance Cortical networks have the remarkable ability to self-assemble into dynamic regimes in which excitatory positive feedback is balanced by recurrent inhibition. This inhibition-stabilized regime is increasingly viewed as the default dynamic regime of the cortex, but how it emerges in an unsupervised manner remains unknown. We prove that classic forms of homeostatic plasticity are unable to drive recurrent networks to an inhibition-stabilized regime due to the well-known paradoxical effect. We next derive a novel family of cross-homeostatic rules that lead to the unsupervised emergence of inhibition-stabilized networks. These rules shed new light on how the brain may reach its default dynamic state and provide a valuable tool to self-assemble artificial neural networks into ideal computational regimes.