Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Web Meets Mobile: Novel Security Threats and Defenses in Web/Mobile Hybrid Apps

Nowadays, mobile app developers are enjoying the benefits of the amalgamation of web and mobile platforms. Developers can easily and smoothly integrate all sorts of web services in their mobile apps by embedding a browser-like UI component, called “WebView”, which can render web content and run JavaScript code within mobile apps (call hybrid apps for convenience). WebView is easy to use and popular. A recent study showed ~80% of Android apps used WebView. WebView is also as powerful as regular browsers (e.g., Chrome/Chromium), and well supports web features and behaviors. In regular browsers, there exist several sensitive web behaviors that are often the root reason of critical security issues. In past years, they have been well studied, and a variety of mature defense solutions have been deployed. However, these sensitive web behaviors are seldom understood and scrutinized in WebView, which provides a totally new working environment. Different from regular browsers, WebView offers mobile developers freedom to customize their WebView instances by enabling several unique programming features. For example, WebView allows mobile code to control and customize web behaviors through WebView setting and event handler APIs. Considering these WebView features may heavily impact above sensitive web behaviors, it is unclear whether the corresponding defense solutions are still effective in WebView. Motivated by above security concerns, in this dissertation, we conduct the systematic security study of several sensitive web behaviors (e.g., web events, web messaging, and the utilization of iframes and popups) in WebView of the Android platform, which is open and the biggest mobile operating system (OS). As a consequence, we discover several novel security vulnerabilities and fundamental design flaws. To demonstrate the security implications, we devise several concrete attacks. Through these attacks, untrusted code (e.g., ads) loaded in WebView can open holes on existing defense solutions, and obtain risky privileges and abilities, such as stealing users’ private data (e.g., GPS location), unauthorizedly accessing sensitive hardware (e.g., microphone), and performing phishing attacks. Then, we study and assess the security impacts of these security issues on real-world hybrid apps. For this purpose, we develop novel tools that can automatically apply program analysis techniques to vet Android apps. By analyzing a large number of most popular apps
Scenario Analysis for Derivatives Portfolios via Dynamic Factor Models

A classic approach to financial risk management is the use of scenario analysis to stress test portfolios. In the case of an S&amp;P 500 options portfolio, for example, a scenario analysis might report a P&amp;L of −$1m in the event the S&amp;P 500 falls 5% and its implied volatility surface increases by 3 percentage points. But how accurate is this reported value of −$1m? Such a number is typically computed under the (implicit) assumption that all other risk factors are set to zero. But this assumption is generally not justified as it ignores the often substantial statistical dependence among the risk factors. In particular, the expected values of the non-stressed factors conditional on the values of the stressed factors are generally non-zero. Moreover, even if the non-stressed factors were set to their conditional expected values rather than zero, the reported P&amp;L might still be inaccurate due to convexity effects, particularly in the case of derivatives portfolios. A further weakness of this standard approach to scenario analysis is that the reported P&amp;L numbers are generally not back-tested so their accuracy is not subjected to any statistical tests. There are many reasons for this but perhaps the main one is that scenario analysis for derivatives portfolios is typically conducted without having a probabilistic model for the underlying dynamics of the risk factors under the physical measure P. In this paper we address these weaknesses by embedding the scenario analysis within a dynamic factor model for the underlying risk factors. Such an approach typically requires multivariate state-space models that can model the real-world behavior of financial markets where risk factors are often latent, and that are sufficiently tractable so that we can compute (or simulate from) the conditional distribution of unstressed risk factors. We demonstrate how this can be done for observable as well as latent risk factors in examples drawn from options and fixed income markets. We show how the two forms of scenario analysis can lead to dramatically different results particularly in the case of portfolios that have been designed to be neutral to a subset of the risk factors.
L-Box Form Filling of Thixotropic Cementitious Paste and Mortar

Rheological properties of cementitious pastes and mortar affect the casting, placement, and setting properties of fresh concrete. Fundamental rheological knowledge thus helps in predicting concrete flowability and workability. Empirical equations correlate actual rheological parameters based on physical material characteristics to workability tests. Still, these equations generally only take the dynamic yield stress of the material into account. This is not sufficient for thixotropic cementitious pastes or mortars, which possess structural buildup at rest. Workability predictions regarding the flow of concrete are thus more complicated with thixotropic materials. During form-filling in L-shaped formworks, the flow velocity of concrete slows down, wherefore rheological parameters change with time. At initial fast flow, high shear rates without structural buildup can be assumed. Dynamic yield stress and a steady state viscosity thus are proper parameters for empirical equations describing concrete flowability. During low shear rates, partial structural buildup takes place. Viscosity and yield stress increase due to agglomeration and affect the flowability of concrete tremendously. Rheological parameters of various cementitious pastes and mortars varying in their solid volume fraction and flowability were investigated in a vane-in-cup rheometer. The workability of the same mixtures was investigated by measuring the flow length in an L-shaped formwork. The effect of yield stress, viscosity, and thixotropic structural buildup on flow length was investigated. Subsequently correlations and discrepancies between flowability parameters and workability equations were analyzed.
Phylogenetic position of Brossardia papyracea (Brassicaceae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

In previous taxonomic literature, the monotypic genus BrossardiaBoiss. was suggested to be related to Thlaspi L. s.l. and AethionemaR.Br. ITS sequence data of Brossardia papyracea * were added to a previously published data set, which includes sequences of representative taxa of Aethionema and Thlaspi s.l. , to elucidate the systematic position of B. papyracea. Our molecular analysis indicates that B. papyracea is not a member of Aethionema, but is instead, nested within NoccaeaMoench, a segregate lineage of the non-monophyletic Thlaspi s.l. Based on these results and a re-evaluation of morphological characters, we have transferred B. papyracea to Noccaea: Noccaea papyracea (Boiss.) Khosravi, Mummenhoff & Mohsenzadeh. ), comb. nov. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Die phylogenetische Stellung von Brossardia papyracea (Brassicaceae) auf der Basis von nuklearen ITS Sequenzen Die verwandtschaftliche Stellung der monotypischen Gattung BrossardiaBoiss. ist in der traditionellen taxonomischen Literatur unklar und eine Verwandtschaft zu AethionemaR.Br. und Thlaspi L. s.l. wird diskutiert. Eine phylogenetische Analyse der ITS Sequenzen von Brossardia und Vertretern der Gattungen Aethionema und Thlaspi s.l. lies folgende Schlussfolgerungen zu. Brossardia zeigt keine phylogenetische Affinitat zu Aethionema sondern ist nahe mit Noccaea- Sippen verwandt, einem Thlaspi s.l. -Segregat. Auf der Basis dieses molekularen Befundes sowie einer Neubetrachtung morphologischer Merkmale wird Brossardia papyracea nach NoccaeaMoench uberfuhrt: Noccaea papyracea (Boiss.) Khosravi, Mummenhoff & Mohsenzadeh, comb. nov.
Who's Holding Out? An Experimental Study of the Benefits and Burdens of Eminent Domain

A substantial literature identifies seller holdout as a serious obstacle to land assembly, implying that eminent domain is an appropriate policy response. We conduct a series of laboratory experiments to test this view. We find that when there is no competition and no eminent domain, land assembly suffers from costly delay and failed assembly; participants lose 18.1% of the available surplus. Much of the inefficiency is due to low offers from the buyers (“buyer holdout�? ) rather than strategic holdout among sellers. When buyers can exercise eminent domain the participants lose 18.6% of the surplus. This loss comes from spending money to influence the fair market price and forcing sellers to sell even when the sellers value the property more than the buyer. Introducing weak competition in the form of a less valuable substitute parcel of land reduces delay by 35.7% and virtually eliminates assembly failure, so that only 11.5% of the surplus is lost.
Preliminary study of time estimation of daily activities in patients with chronic schizophrenia by questionnaire survey

Introduction Few studies have investigated time estimation of daily activities in patients with mental illness. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to extract the characteristics of time estimation in patients with schizophrenia. Method We conducted an investigation using the Questionnaire of Time Experience in Daily Activities in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We compared the results between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using t-tests. Results Thirty-four people participated in each group. T-tests showed significantly shorter length of time answers in the schizophrenia group for question 4, (“How long does it take you to go out after waking up in the morning? ”). For question 5 (“When you have to take a bus, how long before departure time do you arrive at the bus stop? ”) and question 6 (“You have an appointment with your friend. How long beforehand do you arrive at the appointed place? ”), the answers of the schizophrenia group were significantly longer than the healthy controls. Conclusion Time estimations of some daily activities of patients with schizophrenia were significantly different from those of healthy controls. This study will support the next phase of psychometric testing of the Questionnaire of Time Experience in Daily Activities, after which the results will applicable to practice.
Match²: A Matching over Matching Model for Similar Question Identification

Community Question Answering (CQA) has become a primary means for people to acquire knowledge, where people are free to ask questions or submit answers. To enhance the efficiency of the service, similar question identification becomes a core task in CQA which aims to find a similar question from the archived repository whenever a new question is asked. However, it has long been a challenge to properly measure the similarity between two questions due to the inherent variation of natural language, i.e., there could be different ways to ask a same question or different questions sharing similar expressions. To alleviate this problem, it is natural to involve the existing answers for the enrichment of the archived questions. Traditional methods typically take aone-side usage, which leverages the answer as some expanded representation of the corresponding question. Unfortunately, this may introduce unexpected noises into the similarity computation since answers are often long and diverse, leading to inferior performance. In this work, we propose atwo-side usage, which leverages the answer as a bridge of the two questions. The key idea is based on our observation that similar questions could be addressed by similar parts of the answer while different questions may not. In other words, we can compare the matching patterns of the two questions over the same answer to measure their similarity. In this way, we propose a novel matching over matching model, namely Match2, which compares the matching patterns between two question-answer pairs for similar question identification. Empirical experiments on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that our model can significantly outperform previous state-of-the-art methods on the similar question identification task.
Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis of Ridesharing Platform Reviews for Kansei Engineering

At present online reviews are becoming an important source for Kansei engineering of the services provided by ridesharing platforms. Kansei engineering deals with incorporating customer feedback and demands into product and service design. Thus, it is used as a tool for organizations to uplift their businesses by considering customer reviews and feedback. Customer reviews available on social media are in unstructured form; therefore, sentiment analysis is employed to extract customer’s opinions in a systematic manner. In India-Pakistan, these reviews are mostly in Roman Urdu/Hindi and English, which are of great value for ridesharing platforms as a part of their Kansei engineering strategy. However, sentiment analysis cannot be performed directly on these reviews as they are mostly in Roman Urdu/Hindi. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to conduct aspect based sentiment analysis on these reviews after translating them into English for Kansei engineering of the service. Consequently, sentiment analysis is carried out to extract the most frequent features along with nouns and adjectives used by the customers to express their sentiments. We extracted prominent aspects of the service (i.e., ‘Driver’, ‘Company’, ‘Service’, and ‘Ride’) based on their highest frequencies using aspect based sentiment analysis. The customer sentiments are then clustered into these main aspects using unsupervised machine learning technique. Each aspect is further analyzed based on their polarity, which serves as an input for Kansei engineering of the service. As a result, it can facilitate ridesharing companies to enhance their businesses by improving services in accordance with customer demands.
Survival and longevity of the puerto rican vireo

-The Puerto Rican Vireo (Vireo latimeri), a Puerto Rican endemic, is declining in at least one forest reserve as the result of pressures from introduced nest predators and an introduced brood parasite. We collected data on adult survival, adult longevity, and juvenile survival from a long-term mist netting study (1973-1999) and a demographic study of color-marked birds (1990-1993) in Gudnica Forest, Puerto Rico. Of the adult birds banded in the first three years of the demographic study, 24 of 32 males (75%) and 6 of 7 females (86%) were known to survive until June of the year following their banding. Model-based estimates of adult survival rate from capture/resighting of 65 color-marked birds was 0.74 (+ 0.05 SE); for 51 adult males analyzed separately, survival rate was 0.74 (? 0.06; data were insufficient to estimate survival rate of females). We recorded a new longevity record for the Puerto Rican Vireo of 13 years, 2 months. Juvenile survival was estimated by enumeration to be 0.40 (? 0.15). Juveniles spent prolonged periods on their natal territory, which might increase their probability of surviving to first breeding. Puerto Rican Vireos have relatively high survival rates despite the presence of numerous introduced predators in their habitat, a highly seasonal environment, and the stress of renesting as many as 6 times in a season. Received 19 Oct. 1998, accepted 25 Feb. 1999. Survival rate is an important component of life history models, and it is a central parameter examined in comparative demographic studies (e.g., Ricklefs 1982, Martin 1995). From a conservation perspective, precise estimation of adult and juvenile survival rates is critical because population dynamics often show great sensitivity to variation in these parameters (e.g., Lande 1988, Ryan et al. 1993). Despite their importance, relatively few data are available regarding the survival rates and longevity of tropical birds in general, and insular species in particular (but see Karr et al. 1990, Faaborg and Arendt 1995, Johnston et al. 1997). The Puerto Rican Vireo (Vireo latimeri), is a small (11-12 g) passerine restricted to the island of Puerto Rico (Wetmore 1916). The population of vireos in Guainica Forest, Puerto Rico's largest dry forest reserve, has declined steadily over the past 20 years as a result of parasitism by an exotic avian brood parasite, the Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis), and nest predation by introduced mammals [rats (Rattus spp.), mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), and feral cats (Felis catus); Faaborg et al. 1997; Woodworth 1997, 19991. A population dynamics analysis indicated that estimates of the Puerto Rican Vireo's population growth rate were very sensitive to adult survival rate; consequently precise estimates of this parameter are crucial for useful population modeling (Woodworth 1999). In this paper we present data on adult and juvenile recoveries, from which we estimate survival rates and longevity of the Puerto Rican Vireo, compare them to temperate mainland congeners, and comment on their implications for persistence of this single-island endemic.
A Novel Copper Interconnection Cleaning by Atomic Hydrogen Using Diluted Hydrogen Gas

Cu has been used as interconnection and lead frame in ULSIs. However, the oxidation and contamination of Cu are not easily avoided. As a result, a thin layer of Cu2O, CuO and carbon contaminations are formed at the Cu surface and these resistances are increased. Therefore, Cu cleaning is necessary. There are some reports to remove Cu oxide layers. Chemical processes such as H2 and NH3 plasma reduction are being investigated [1-5]. These methods have the problem of the plasma damage. Lee et al. proposed Cu oxide reduction using vacuum annealing [6]. However, it seems not suitable for the ULSI process, because the heat-treatment of 400oC is necessary. Therefore, low temperature Cu cleaning without plasma assist is strongly desired. In our previous work, we proposed novel low temperature atomic hydrogen or NH3 decomposed species cleaning generated by heated catalyzer [7,8]. However, in the method it is used 100% hydrogen gas. From the view point of safety, hydrogen gas diluted below explosion limit is preferred to use. In this paper we proposed a novel Cu cleaning method by atomic hydrogen generated on a heated tungsten catalyzer using diluted hydrogen as a cleaning gas.
The Tau Manifesto

The Tau Manifesto is dedicated to one of the most important numbers in mathematics, perhaps the most important: the circle constant relating the circumference of a circle to its linear dimension. For millennia, the circle has been considered the most perfect of shapes, and the circle constant captures the geometry of the circle in a single number. Of course, the traditional choice for the circle constant is π—but, as mathematician Bob Palais notes in his delightful article “π Is Wrong! ”1, π is wrong. It’s time to set things right.
A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Responses by Stored-Product Arthropods to Individual or Blends of Microbially Produced Volatile Cues

Simple Summary Microbes are everywhere, including in our food after harvest. Stored-product arthropods have been described as attracted, repelled, or unaffected by microbial cues in the prior published literature, but no one has systematically examined all the prior tests to determine general patterns. We reviewed 43 articles that contained 384 sets of tests on 24 stored-product arthropod species, classifying each response as positive, negative, or net neutral (unaffected or mixed). A total of five and four stored-product arthropods were significantly attracted and repelled by microbial cues, respectively, while 13 were unaffected or exhibited attraction and repellency. We found that the behavioral responses by stored-product arthropods to microbial cues were complex, context-, and species-dependent, which warrants further investigation to clarify mechanisms. Abstract Microbes are ubiquitous and play important ecological roles in a variety of habitats. While research has been largely focused on arthropods and microbes separately in the post-harvest supply chain, less attention has been paid to their interactions with each other. Up to this point, there has been no attempt to systematically describe the patterns of behavioral responses by stored-product insects to microbially produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). Thus, our aims were to evaluate whether stored-product arthropods were primarily and significantly attracted, repelled, or had a net neutral effect (e.g., unaffected or mixed) by MVOCs presented as (1) complex headspace blends or (2) single constituents and known mixtures. In total, we found 43 articles that contained 384 sets of tests with different combinations of methodology and/or qualitative findings, describing the behavioral responses of 24 stored-product arthropod species from two classes, four orders, and 14 families to 58 individual microbial compounds and the complex headspace blends from at least 78 microbial taxa. A total of five and four stored-product arthropod species were significantly attracted and repelled by MVOCs across odor sources, respectively, while 13 were unaffected or exhibited mixed effects. We summarize the biases in the literature, including that the majority of tests have occurred in the laboratory with a limited subset of methodology and has largely only assessed the preference of adult arthropods. Finally, we identify foundational hypotheses for the roles that MVOCs play for stored-product arthropods as well as gaps in research and future directions, while highlighting that the behavioral responses to MVOCs are complex, context-, and taxon-dependent, which warrants further investigation.
Prospects for Interest-Free Micro Finance in India: An Empirical Study

Despite the growth of Islamic banking and finance, in recent times due attention were given to the issue of Islamic microfinance. It is so because, as per various estimates over two billion people across globe are still living in a miserable poverty which is a global challenge and India not being an exception. Since the Poverty remains, a continuous challenge throughout the human history so as the efforts to overcome poverty. Among various efforts a conventional micro finance a “new model” received global recognition and a hope. But even if successful stories in bringing development and eradicating poverty by small credit tool to poor and by gaining growing attentions by world bank , still millennium development goal remains unachieved. The critics’ remains not only restricted to, in reaching all forms of poor rather high unbearable interest rates and avoidance by Muslims due to interest are on debate. As an alternative, Islamic finance has its operations both in Islamic and Non-Islamic countries along Islamic Micro finance. It is so because Islamic microfinance programs are complement to Islamic banking, both in ideological and in practical terms. Although IMF is still in infancy stage even though growing rapidly. Various experiments either on individual level or group level are mostly practicing Islamic micro credit products. But Islamic micro crediting has not been yet formally reached to people for India. Therefore this study aims to investigate the prospects based on determinants. The target population has been taken a potential benifacries of interest free micro finance. The paper adopts a Quantifiable approach as a Questionnaire distributed in paper format based on stratified sampling with 602 as final responses. The findings shows that in general the community is cognizant of the various terms used in Interest free microfinance but in respects of products/services existing by Islamic microfinance institutes, it indicates the level of awareness is very low.